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344,300 | 16,803,811 | 3,732 | A customer effort architecture that estimates customer effort, identifies the friction points and processes leading to excessive customer effort is disclosed. The framework for measuring customer effort using Customer Effort Architecture involves segmenting the KPI's into segments including Cognitive Effort, Time Effort and Emotional Effort. Cognitive effort is the amount of mental energy required to process information. Time effort is the amount of time taken to address the customer requirements. Emotional effort measures psychological parameters experienced by a customer while addressing complaints. The customer effort architecture identifies weights to all the parameters used in calculating effort score, thereby fine tuning the impact each parameter has with respect to the effort score based on business dynamics. | 1. A method for measuring customer effort score using Customer Effort architecture, the method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of data sources by a data collector; storing the received data in a data repository; assigning pre-defined weights to the plurality of data sources for calculating customer effort score by an analytics engine; assigning user defined criteria to the plurality of data sources by the analytics engine, wherein the user defined criteria comprises at least one of life cycle, day wise, customer effort on events, customer efforts on loyalty, and customer effort based on last transaction; analyzing the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts and preset rules by the analytics engine; segmenting the plurality of data sources into one of an emotional effort, a time effort and a cognitive effort by the analytics engine; and determining customer effort score by the analytics engine based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the plurality of data sources comprises:
performing reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalizing each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; performing time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; an scaling the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of segmenting data further comprises segmenting data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprises storing computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage; and accessing the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring, time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. 8. A computer system for measuring customer effort score, the system comprising:
a hardware processor coupled to a memory containing instructions configured for computing customer effort score while using web services; a display screen coupled to the hardware processor for providing a user interface on a computing device; a data collector configured to receive a plurality of data from a plurality of data sources; a data repository configured to store the plurality of data sources; and an analytics engine configured to assign pre-defined weights to the plurality of data sources for calculating customer effort score, and herein the analytics engine is configured to assign user defined criteria to the plurality of data and wherein the analytics engine is configured to analyze the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts, and wherein the analytics engine is configured to segment the plurality of data sources into emotional effort, time effort and cognitive effort by the analytics engine, and wherein the analytics engine is configured to determine customer effort score based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights, and wherein the analytics engine is further configured to store computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage and access the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analytics engine is further configured to:
perform reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalize each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; perform a time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; and scale the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 10. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analytics engine is further configured to segment data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 11. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 12. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 13. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. 14. A computer implemented method comprising instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and are executed on a hard ware processor of a computing device comprising a processor and a memory for measuring customer effort score, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a data from a plurality of data sources by a data collector; storing the received data in a data repository; assigning pre-defined weights to the plurality of data for calculating customer effort score; assigning user defined criteria to the plurality of data sources, wherein the user defined criteria comprises at least one of life cycle, day wise, customer effort on events, customer efforts on loyalty, and customer effort based on last transaction; analyzing the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts; segmenting the plurality of data sources into one of an emotional effort, a time effort and a cognitive effort by the analytics engine; and determining a customer effort score by the analytics engine based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of analyzing the plurality of data sources comprises:
performing reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalizing each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; performing time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; and scaling the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of segmenting data further comprises segmenting data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14, further comprises storing computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage; and accessing the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 19. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 20. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. | A customer effort architecture that estimates customer effort, identifies the friction points and processes leading to excessive customer effort is disclosed. The framework for measuring customer effort using Customer Effort Architecture involves segmenting the KPI's into segments including Cognitive Effort, Time Effort and Emotional Effort. Cognitive effort is the amount of mental energy required to process information. Time effort is the amount of time taken to address the customer requirements. Emotional effort measures psychological parameters experienced by a customer while addressing complaints. The customer effort architecture identifies weights to all the parameters used in calculating effort score, thereby fine tuning the impact each parameter has with respect to the effort score based on business dynamics.1. A method for measuring customer effort score using Customer Effort architecture, the method comprising:
receiving data from a plurality of data sources by a data collector; storing the received data in a data repository; assigning pre-defined weights to the plurality of data sources for calculating customer effort score by an analytics engine; assigning user defined criteria to the plurality of data sources by the analytics engine, wherein the user defined criteria comprises at least one of life cycle, day wise, customer effort on events, customer efforts on loyalty, and customer effort based on last transaction; analyzing the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts and preset rules by the analytics engine; segmenting the plurality of data sources into one of an emotional effort, a time effort and a cognitive effort by the analytics engine; and determining customer effort score by the analytics engine based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the plurality of data sources comprises:
performing reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalizing each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; performing time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; an scaling the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of segmenting data further comprises segmenting data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprises storing computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage; and accessing the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring, time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. 8. A computer system for measuring customer effort score, the system comprising:
a hardware processor coupled to a memory containing instructions configured for computing customer effort score while using web services; a display screen coupled to the hardware processor for providing a user interface on a computing device; a data collector configured to receive a plurality of data from a plurality of data sources; a data repository configured to store the plurality of data sources; and an analytics engine configured to assign pre-defined weights to the plurality of data sources for calculating customer effort score, and herein the analytics engine is configured to assign user defined criteria to the plurality of data and wherein the analytics engine is configured to analyze the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts, and wherein the analytics engine is configured to segment the plurality of data sources into emotional effort, time effort and cognitive effort by the analytics engine, and wherein the analytics engine is configured to determine customer effort score based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights, and wherein the analytics engine is further configured to store computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage and access the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analytics engine is further configured to:
perform reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalize each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; perform a time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; and scale the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 10. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the analytics engine is further configured to segment data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 11. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 12. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 13. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. 14. A computer implemented method comprising instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and are executed on a hard ware processor of a computing device comprising a processor and a memory for measuring customer effort score, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving a data from a plurality of data sources by a data collector; storing the received data in a data repository; assigning pre-defined weights to the plurality of data for calculating customer effort score; assigning user defined criteria to the plurality of data sources, wherein the user defined criteria comprises at least one of life cycle, day wise, customer effort on events, customer efforts on loyalty, and customer effort based on last transaction; analyzing the plurality of data sources using pre-set computing scripts; segmenting the plurality of data sources into one of an emotional effort, a time effort and a cognitive effort by the analytics engine; and determining a customer effort score by the analytics engine based on a pre-determined formula and the applied weights. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of analyzing the plurality of data sources comprises:
performing reference level check for the plurality of data sources; normalizing each data value from the plurality of data sources to a maximum value and a minimum value; performing time interval spacing for the plurality of data sources; and scaling the plurality of data sources with respect to the reference segments measured on categories comprising region and product. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of segmenting data further comprises segmenting data sources based on at least one of such as age, income, and product revenue. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14, further comprises storing computed customer effort score in a data repository/storage; and accessing the computed customer effort score from a user interface of an application program. 18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as cognitive effort comprises voice call per event, Call abandonment at IVR, Call abandonment at ACD, IVR Transfer rate, IVR Disconnect rate, Technical error rate, Menu path confusion rate, Resolution touch-points, Chats per event, Emails per event, Successful chat closure rate, Web query rate, Web error rate, and Interactions per event. 19. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as time effort comprises average IVR talk time, average ACD talk time, average ACD ring time, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, average chat wait time, and average mail response time. 20. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the plurality of data sources segmented as emotional effort comprises call abandonment at IVR, call abandonment at ACD, technical error rate, menu path confusion rate, average ACD hold time, average ACD queue time, forced disconnect rate, ACD Transfer rate, ACD Conference rate, successful chat closure rate, and web error rate. | 3,700 |
344,301 | 16,803,735 | 3,732 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message. The UE may map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling configurations or multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly activated or released. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a single downlink control information (DCI) message; mapping a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant (CG) configurations to be jointly released; and transmitting, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set includes:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence, a codepoint that indicates an index associated with an individual configuration to be released; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on determining that the individual configuration to be released is a member of the configuration set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the index is a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) index associated with the individual configuration to be released. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein each configuration in the configuration set is associated with a particular service type. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set includes:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence, an individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on the individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set indicating that the configuration set is to be released. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the configuration set is a first configuration set, wherein the individual bit is a first individual bit, and wherein the method further comprises:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence in the single DCI message, a second individual bit that corresponds to a second configuration set; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the second configuration set based at least in part on the second individual bit indicating that the second configuration set is to be released. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each configuration in the configuration set is associated with one or more of a particular service type or a particular parameter. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein a length of the bit sequence corresponds to a quantity of different configuration sets associated with the UE. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein at least one configuration in the configuration set is a member of one or more additional configuration sets, and wherein the at least one configuration is released based at least in part on the bit sequence in the single DCI message indicating that the configuration set and the one or more additional configuration sets are all to be released. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is associated with multiple Configured Scheduling Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (CS-RNTIs) that respectively correspond to multiple configuration sets with one or more downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations or uplink CG configurations that can be jointly released. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit sequence is provided in a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) process number field of the DCI message. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple uplink CG configurations are grouped within the configuration set based at least in part on an indicator in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a length of the bit sequence is less than or equal to a length of a field in the DCI message used to separately activate or release an individual downlink SPS configuration or an individual uplink CG configuration. 14. The method of claim 1,
wherein the configuration set further includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations to be jointly released, and wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting, through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, a codebook that includes an individual acknowledgement bit based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple downlink SPS configurations are to be jointly released. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the PUCCH resource used to transmit the codebook is determined based at least in part on the single DCI message. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the PUCCH resource used to transmit the codebook is indicated by a PUCCH resource indicator in a most recent DCI message, and wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook is determined based at least in part on the single DCI message. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook corresponds to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasion associated with an individual downlink SPS configuration that corresponds to a codepoint indicated in the bit sequence. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook corresponds to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasion associated with an initial downlink SPS configuration in a first set of downlink SPS configurations that the bit sequence indicates is to be jointly released. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the codebook further includes a negative acknowledgement for one or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasions that correspond to one or more of the multiple downlink SPS configurations to be jointly released. 20. The method of claim 1,
wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is transmitted, through the MAC control element, based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple uplink CG configurations are to be jointly released, and wherein the MAC control element indicates an index corresponding to an acknowledged uplink CG configuration and indicates whether the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is for a joint release. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message includes a bitmap with a set of bits to jointly acknowledge all of the multiple uplink CG configurations that are to be jointly released. 22. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message;
map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and
transmit, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set, are further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the bit sequence, a codepoint that indicates an index associated with an individual configuration to be released; and jointly activate or release each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on determining that the individual configuration to be released is a member of the configuration set. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the index is a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) index associated with the individual configuration to be released. 25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set, are further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the bit sequence, an individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set; and jointly activate or release each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on the individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set indicating that the configuration set is to be released. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the bit sequence is provided in a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number field of the DCI message. 27. The UE of claim 22,
wherein the configuration set further includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations to be jointly released, and wherein the memory and the one or more processors are further configured to:
transmit, through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, a codebook that includes an individual acknowledgement bit based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple downlink SPS configurations are to be jointly released. 28. The UE of claim 22,
wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is transmitted, through the MAC control element, based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple uplink CG configurations are to be jointly released, and wherein the MAC control element indicates an index corresponding to an acknowledged uplink CG configuration and indicates whether the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is for a joint release. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message;
map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and
transmit, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving a single downlink control information (DCI) message; means for mapping a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and means for transmitting, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration set includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations. 32. (canceled) 33. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit sequence includes a bit sequence with 4 bits. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message. The UE may map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling configurations or multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly activated or released. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a single downlink control information (DCI) message; mapping a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant (CG) configurations to be jointly released; and transmitting, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set includes:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence, a codepoint that indicates an index associated with an individual configuration to be released; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on determining that the individual configuration to be released is a member of the configuration set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the index is a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) index associated with the individual configuration to be released. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein each configuration in the configuration set is associated with a particular service type. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set includes:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence, an individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on the individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set indicating that the configuration set is to be released. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the configuration set is a first configuration set, wherein the individual bit is a first individual bit, and wherein the method further comprises:
identifying, based at least in part on the bit sequence in the single DCI message, a second individual bit that corresponds to a second configuration set; and jointly activating or releasing each configuration in the second configuration set based at least in part on the second individual bit indicating that the second configuration set is to be released. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each configuration in the configuration set is associated with one or more of a particular service type or a particular parameter. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein a length of the bit sequence corresponds to a quantity of different configuration sets associated with the UE. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein at least one configuration in the configuration set is a member of one or more additional configuration sets, and wherein the at least one configuration is released based at least in part on the bit sequence in the single DCI message indicating that the configuration set and the one or more additional configuration sets are all to be released. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is associated with multiple Configured Scheduling Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (CS-RNTIs) that respectively correspond to multiple configuration sets with one or more downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations or uplink CG configurations that can be jointly released. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit sequence is provided in a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARD) process number field of the DCI message. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple uplink CG configurations are grouped within the configuration set based at least in part on an indicator in a radio resource control (RRC) configuration message. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a length of the bit sequence is less than or equal to a length of a field in the DCI message used to separately activate or release an individual downlink SPS configuration or an individual uplink CG configuration. 14. The method of claim 1,
wherein the configuration set further includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations to be jointly released, and wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting, through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, a codebook that includes an individual acknowledgement bit based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple downlink SPS configurations are to be jointly released. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the PUCCH resource used to transmit the codebook is determined based at least in part on the single DCI message. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the PUCCH resource used to transmit the codebook is indicated by a PUCCH resource indicator in a most recent DCI message, and wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook is determined based at least in part on the single DCI message. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook corresponds to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasion associated with an individual downlink SPS configuration that corresponds to a codepoint indicated in the bit sequence. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a location of the individual acknowledgement bit in the codebook corresponds to a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasion associated with an initial downlink SPS configuration in a first set of downlink SPS configurations that the bit sequence indicates is to be jointly released. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the codebook further includes a negative acknowledgement for one or more physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception occasions that correspond to one or more of the multiple downlink SPS configurations to be jointly released. 20. The method of claim 1,
wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is transmitted, through the MAC control element, based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple uplink CG configurations are to be jointly released, and wherein the MAC control element indicates an index corresponding to an acknowledged uplink CG configuration and indicates whether the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is for a joint release. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message includes a bitmap with a set of bits to jointly acknowledge all of the multiple uplink CG configurations that are to be jointly released. 22. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message;
map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and
transmit, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set, are further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the bit sequence, a codepoint that indicates an index associated with an individual configuration to be released; and jointly activate or release each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on determining that the individual configuration to be released is a member of the configuration set. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the index is a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) index associated with the individual configuration to be released. 25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the memory and the one or more processors, when mapping the bit sequence in the single DCI message to the configuration set, are further configured to:
identify, based at least in part on the bit sequence, an individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set; and jointly activate or release each configuration in the configuration set based at least in part on the individual bit that corresponds to the configuration set indicating that the configuration set is to be released. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the bit sequence is provided in a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process number field of the DCI message. 27. The UE of claim 22,
wherein the configuration set further includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations to be jointly released, and wherein the memory and the one or more processors are further configured to:
transmit, through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource, a codebook that includes an individual acknowledgement bit based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple downlink SPS configurations are to be jointly released. 28. The UE of claim 22,
wherein the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is transmitted, through the MAC control element, based at least in part on the bit sequence indicating that the multiple uplink CG configurations are to be jointly released, and wherein the MAC control element indicates an index corresponding to an acknowledged uplink CG configuration and indicates whether the acknowledgement of the single DCI message is for a joint release. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication, the one or more instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment, cause the one or more processors to:
receive a single downlink control information (DCI) message;
map a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and
transmit, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for receiving a single downlink control information (DCI) message; means for mapping a bit sequence in the single DCI message to a configuration set that includes multiple uplink configured grant configurations to be jointly released; and means for transmitting, through a medium access control (MAC) control element, an acknowledgement of the single DCI message. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration set includes multiple downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configurations. 32. (canceled) 33. The method of claim 1, wherein the bit sequence includes a bit sequence with 4 bits. | 3,700 |
344,302 | 16,803,791 | 3,732 | A first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by a first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to a first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and a first semiconductor layer in the first direction. A second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by a second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and a second semiconductor layer in the first direction. The first and the second conductive portions are different in dimension. | 1. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via being connected to a first conductor layer in proximity to the first via, the first conductor layer being positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via being connected to a second conductor layer in proximity to the second via, the second conductor layer being positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (P) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
Wa>Wb, (B)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Pa/Pb<Wa/Wb, (D)
La/Wa<Lb/Wb, (E)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction, Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction, Pa is a dimension of the first pad in the second direction, and Pb is a dimension of the second pad in the second direction. 2. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the following relation (G) is satisfied:
Ta>Tb. (G) 3. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the following relation (K) is satisfied:
|Ta−Tb|<|La−Lb|. (K) 4. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of a plurality of the first conductive portions comprises: a first copper region mainly made of copper for forming the first pad; a second copper region mainly made of copper for forming the first via; a first barrier metal portion positioned between the first copper region and the first insulator film; and a second barrier metal portion positioned between the second copper region and the first insulator film, wherein the first copper region is continuous to the second copper region, and wherein the first barrier metal portion is continuous to the second barrier metal portion. 5. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other with the first and the second insulator films. 6. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive portion comprises a via different from the first via, and the via is connected to the first pad so that the via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and wherein the second conductive portion comprises a via different from the second via, and the via is connected to the second pad so that the via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction. 7. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first semiconductor component includes a digital circuit, and wherein the second semiconductor component includes an analog circuit. 8. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a photodiode is provided with the first or the second semiconductor layer. 9. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relations (A), (C), (α), and (f) are satisfied. 10. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via is connected to a first conductor layer positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the first via and the first conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the first via and the second conductive portion, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via is connected to a second conductor layer positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the second via and the second conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the second via and the first conductive portion, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (β) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
Wa>Wb, (B)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Pa/Pb<Wa/Wb, (D)
La/Wa<Lb/Wb, (E)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction, Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction, Pa is a dimension of the first pad in the second direction, and Pb is a dimension of the second pad in the second direction. 11. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein La and Lb are 0.7 to 0.9 μm, and wherein Ta and Tb are 0.4 to 0.6 μm. 12. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the first insulator film comprises: a first silicon oxide layer; a second silicon oxide layer disposed between the first silicon oxide layer and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction; and a silicon nitride layer disposed between the first and the second silicon oxide layers in the first direction, wherein the first silicon oxide layer surrounds the first pad in the plane perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein the second silicon oxide layer surrounds the first via in the plane perpendicular to the first direction. 13. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the silicon nitride layer comprises:
a first portion surrounding the first pad in the plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second portion positioned between the second silicon oxide layer and the first pad in the first direction. 14. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 12, wherein Fa<Fd is satisfied, where Fa is a thickness of the first silicon oxide layer, and Fd is a thickness of a portion of the second silicon oxide layer overlapping with the first pad. 15. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 13, wherein Fc<Fb is satisfied, where Fb is a thickness of the first portion, and Fe is a thickness of the second portion. 16. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 13, wherein Fa<Fb and Fc<Fd are satisfied, where Fa is a thickness of the first silicon oxide layer, Fb is a thickness of the first portion, Fc is a thickness of the second portion, and Fd is a thickness of a portion of the second silicon oxide layer overlapping with the first pad. 17. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein a distance between the first semiconductor layer and the first conductive portion is larger than a distance between the second semiconductor layer and the second conductive portion, and/or wherein the number of wiring layers between the first semiconductor layer and the first conductive portion is larger than the number of wiring layers between the second semiconductor layer and the second conductive portion. 18. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the first conductive portion is electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer via a cobalt silicide layer or a nickel silicide layer, and wherein the second conductive portion is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer without going through a cobalt silicide layer or nickel silicide layer. 19. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via is connected to a first conductor layer positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the first via and the first conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the first via and the second conductive portion, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via is connected to a second conductor layer positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the second via and the second conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the second via and the first conductive portion, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (C), (G), (H), (I), and (J), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (f) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Ta>Tb, (G)
La*Ta>Lb*Tb, (H)
La−Lb<Ta−Tb, (I)
La+Ta<Lb+Tb, (J)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, and Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction. 20. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the following relation (F) is satisfied:
La/Wa>Lb/Wb, (F)
where Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction. 21. A device comprising:
the semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1; and any one of the following six apparatuses:
an optical apparatus corresponding to the semiconductor apparatus;
a control apparatus configured to control the semiconductor apparatus,
a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the semiconductor apparatus,
a display apparatus configured to display information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus;
a storage apparatus configured to store information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus; and
a mechanical apparatus configured to operate based on information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus. | A first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by a first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to a first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and a first semiconductor layer in the first direction. A second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by a second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and a second semiconductor layer in the first direction. The first and the second conductive portions are different in dimension.1. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via being connected to a first conductor layer in proximity to the first via, the first conductor layer being positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via being connected to a second conductor layer in proximity to the second via, the second conductor layer being positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (P) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
Wa>Wb, (B)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Pa/Pb<Wa/Wb, (D)
La/Wa<Lb/Wb, (E)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction, Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction, Pa is a dimension of the first pad in the second direction, and Pb is a dimension of the second pad in the second direction. 2. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the following relation (G) is satisfied:
Ta>Tb. (G) 3. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the following relation (K) is satisfied:
|Ta−Tb|<|La−Lb|. (K) 4. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein each of a plurality of the first conductive portions comprises: a first copper region mainly made of copper for forming the first pad; a second copper region mainly made of copper for forming the first via; a first barrier metal portion positioned between the first copper region and the first insulator film; and a second barrier metal portion positioned between the second copper region and the first insulator film, wherein the first copper region is continuous to the second copper region, and wherein the first barrier metal portion is continuous to the second barrier metal portion. 5. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other with the first and the second insulator films. 6. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first conductive portion comprises a via different from the first via, and the via is connected to the first pad so that the via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and wherein the second conductive portion comprises a via different from the second via, and the via is connected to the second pad so that the via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction. 7. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first semiconductor component includes a digital circuit, and wherein the second semiconductor component includes an analog circuit. 8. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a photodiode is provided with the first or the second semiconductor layer. 9. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relations (A), (C), (α), and (f) are satisfied. 10. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via is connected to a first conductor layer positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the first via and the first conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the first via and the second conductive portion, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via is connected to a second conductor layer positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the second via and the second conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the second via and the first conductive portion, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (β) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
Wa>Wb, (B)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Pa/Pb<Wa/Wb, (D)
La/Wa<Lb/Wb, (E)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction, Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction, Pa is a dimension of the first pad in the second direction, and Pb is a dimension of the second pad in the second direction. 11. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein La and Lb are 0.7 to 0.9 μm, and wherein Ta and Tb are 0.4 to 0.6 μm. 12. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the first insulator film comprises: a first silicon oxide layer; a second silicon oxide layer disposed between the first silicon oxide layer and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction; and a silicon nitride layer disposed between the first and the second silicon oxide layers in the first direction, wherein the first silicon oxide layer surrounds the first pad in the plane perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein the second silicon oxide layer surrounds the first via in the plane perpendicular to the first direction. 13. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the silicon nitride layer comprises:
a first portion surrounding the first pad in the plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second portion positioned between the second silicon oxide layer and the first pad in the first direction. 14. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 12, wherein Fa<Fd is satisfied, where Fa is a thickness of the first silicon oxide layer, and Fd is a thickness of a portion of the second silicon oxide layer overlapping with the first pad. 15. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 13, wherein Fc<Fb is satisfied, where Fb is a thickness of the first portion, and Fe is a thickness of the second portion. 16. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 13, wherein Fa<Fb and Fc<Fd are satisfied, where Fa is a thickness of the first silicon oxide layer, Fb is a thickness of the first portion, Fc is a thickness of the second portion, and Fd is a thickness of a portion of the second silicon oxide layer overlapping with the first pad. 17. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein a distance between the first semiconductor layer and the first conductive portion is larger than a distance between the second semiconductor layer and the second conductive portion, and/or wherein the number of wiring layers between the first semiconductor layer and the first conductive portion is larger than the number of wiring layers between the second semiconductor layer and the second conductive portion. 18. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 10,
wherein the first conductive portion is electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer via a cobalt silicide layer or a nickel silicide layer, and wherein the second conductive portion is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer without going through a cobalt silicide layer or nickel silicide layer. 19. A semiconductor apparatus comprising:
a first semiconductor component including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulator film over the first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor component including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulator film over the second semiconductor layer; wherein the first and the second semiconductor layers are stacked so that the first and the second insulator films are positioned between the first and the second semiconductor layers in a first direction, wherein the first and the second semiconductor components are bonded to each other by a first conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the first insulator film and a second conductive portion disposed in a recessed portion formed in the second insulator film, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first pad surrounded by the first insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a first via connected to the first pad so that the first via is positioned between the first pad and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, the first via is connected to a first conductor layer positioned between the first via and the first semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the first via and the first conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the first via and the second conductive portion, wherein the second conductive portion includes a second pad surrounded by the second insulator film in a plane perpendicular to the first direction, and a second via connected to the second pad so that the second via is positioned between the second pad and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, the second via is connected to a second conductor layer positioned between the second via and the second semiconductor layer in the first direction, and a distance between the second via and the second conductor layer is smaller than a distance between the second via and the first conductive portion, wherein at least one of the following relations (A), (C), (G), (H), (I), and (J), and at least one of the following relations (α) and (f) are satisfied:
La<Lb, (A)
La/Lb<Ta/Tb, (C)
Ta>Tb, (G)
La*Ta>Lb*Tb, (H)
La−Lb<Ta−Tb, (I)
La+Ta<Lb+Tb, (J)
(α) the first conductor layer is mainly made of aluminum, and (β) the second conductor layer is mainly made of copper, where La is a dimension of the first via in the first direction, Lb is a dimension of the second via in the first direction, Ta is a dimension of the first pad in the first direction, and Tb is a dimension of the second pad in the first direction. 20. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the following relation (F) is satisfied:
La/Wa>Lb/Wb, (F)
where Wa is a dimension of the first via in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and Wb is a dimension of the second via in the second direction. 21. A device comprising:
the semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1; and any one of the following six apparatuses:
an optical apparatus corresponding to the semiconductor apparatus;
a control apparatus configured to control the semiconductor apparatus,
a processing apparatus configured to process a signal output from the semiconductor apparatus,
a display apparatus configured to display information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus;
a storage apparatus configured to store information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus; and
a mechanical apparatus configured to operate based on information acquired from the semiconductor apparatus. | 3,700 |
344,303 | 16,803,785 | 3,732 | Embodiments of the invention include a vehicle telematics system that obtains vehicle bus data for a time period, determines identification information regarding a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data, and obtains a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform. | 1. A method of identifying a vehicle platform using vehicle bus data, comprising:
obtaining vehicle bus data for a time period from a vehicle; identifying a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data; obtaining a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extracting data from at least one data-field from the vehicle bus data; performing statistical analysis on the data from at least one data field; and providing the extracted data and statistical analysis to a machine learning process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein performing statistical analysis further comprises determining frequency information for a plurality of vehicle module IDs in the vehicle bus data for the time period;
using the machine learning process on the frequency information to identify a vehicle platform; and using the identified vehicle platform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the identified vehicle platform; and using the YMM information to obtain a set of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is a supervised neural network model that has been trained on a set of vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of different vehicles with different YMMs. 7. The method off claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is a unsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis on vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group the vehicle bus data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on the device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on a smart phone in communication with the device. 10. A vehicle telematics device, comprising:
a processor and a memory storing a vehicle telematics application; and a communication interface for communicating with a remote server system and a plurality of vehicle modules on a vehicle bus of the vehicle; wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is directed to: obtain vehicle bus data for a time period; identify a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data; obtain a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform. 11. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
extract data from at least one data-field from the vehicle bus data; perform statistical analysis on the data from at least one data field; and provide the extracted data and statistical analysis to the machine learning process. 12. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the extracted data and statistical analysis are provided to a remote server system that performs a machine learning model on the extracted data and statistical analysis. 13. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on the device. 14. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on a smart phone in communication with the device. 15. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
determine frequency information for a plurality of vehicle module IDs in the vehicle bus data for the time period; and
provide the frequency information for the plurality of vehicle module IDs to the machine learning process to identify a vehicle platform; and
use the identified vehicle platform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 16. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 17. The vehicle telematics device of claim 16, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the identified vehicle platform; and using the YMM information to obtain a set of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle. 18. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is a supervised neural network model that has been trained on a set of vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of different vehicles with different YMMs. 19. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is a unsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis on vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group the vehicle bus data. 20. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the time period is dynamically adjusted and determined based on an accuracy of the machine learning process on a set of collected bus data. | Embodiments of the invention include a vehicle telematics system that obtains vehicle bus data for a time period, determines identification information regarding a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data, and obtains a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform.1. A method of identifying a vehicle platform using vehicle bus data, comprising:
obtaining vehicle bus data for a time period from a vehicle; identifying a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data; obtaining a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extracting data from at least one data-field from the vehicle bus data; performing statistical analysis on the data from at least one data field; and providing the extracted data and statistical analysis to a machine learning process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein performing statistical analysis further comprises determining frequency information for a plurality of vehicle module IDs in the vehicle bus data for the time period;
using the machine learning process on the frequency information to identify a vehicle platform; and using the identified vehicle platform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the identified vehicle platform; and using the YMM information to obtain a set of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is a supervised neural network model that has been trained on a set of vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of different vehicles with different YMMs. 7. The method off claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is a unsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis on vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group the vehicle bus data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on the device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on a smart phone in communication with the device. 10. A vehicle telematics device, comprising:
a processor and a memory storing a vehicle telematics application; and a communication interface for communicating with a remote server system and a plurality of vehicle modules on a vehicle bus of the vehicle; wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is directed to: obtain vehicle bus data for a time period; identify a vehicle platform using a machine learning process on the vehicle bus data; obtain a set of communication data for communicating with at least one vehicle module on the vehicle bus based on the identified vehicle platform. 11. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
extract data from at least one data-field from the vehicle bus data; perform statistical analysis on the data from at least one data field; and provide the extracted data and statistical analysis to the machine learning process. 12. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the extracted data and statistical analysis are provided to a remote server system that performs a machine learning model on the extracted data and statistical analysis. 13. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on the device. 14. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is performed at least in part on a smart phone in communication with the device. 15. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
determine frequency information for a plurality of vehicle module IDs in the vehicle bus data for the time period; and
provide the frequency information for the plurality of vehicle module IDs to the machine learning process to identify a vehicle platform; and
use the identified vehicle platform to configure the vehicle with a set of On-Board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 16. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle bus and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 17. The vehicle telematics device of claim 16, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
obtaining information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the identified vehicle platform; and using the YMM information to obtain a set of OBD-II PIDs for the vehicle. 18. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is a supervised neural network model that has been trained on a set of vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of different vehicles with different YMMs. 19. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the machine learning process is a unsupervised machine learning process that performs cluster analysis on vehicle bus data obtained from a plurality of vehicles to group the vehicle bus data. 20. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the time period is dynamically adjusted and determined based on an accuracy of the machine learning process on a set of collected bus data. | 3,700 |
344,304 | 16,803,724 | 3,732 | Various embodiments described herein are directed toward input mechanisms, for input devices, configured to receive and removably couple to interchangeable elements. Handheld input devices applicable to some embodiments may include, without limitation, computer controllers, video game console controllers, and handheld video gaming devices. Input mechanisms applicable to various embodiments may include, for example, control sticks (e.g., joysticks or analog sticks operable by a user's finger, such as a thumbstick), buttons, switches, and directional pads. According to some embodiments, an input mechanism is provided comprising a base component. Depending on the embodiment, coupling different interchangeable elements to the base component may cause the input mechanism to vary in size, appearance, contour, material, or features provided by the input mechanism. | 1. (canceled) 2. A video game controller, comprising:
a controller body comprising a pair of openings; and a pair of thumbsticks configured to at least partially extend through the pair of openings, a proximal portion of each of the thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body and a distal portion of each of the thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body, at least one of the pair of thumbsticks being interchangeable and comprising
a head having a domed shape with a textured proximal contact surface for grip by a user's finger,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, the base having a curved dome portion disposed at least partially below an outer surface of the body and a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the thumbstick for the same head shape or size. 3. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein the base couples to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 4. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary a color of the thumbstick between at least two different colors. 5. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein the shaft is configured to decouple from the base. 6. The video game controller of claim 2, further comprising a directional pad spaced apart from the pair of thumbsticks. 7. The video game controller of claim 6, wherein the directional pad is at least partially disposed between the pair of thumb sticks. 8. The video game controller of claim 6, further comprising a directional pad button removably coupleable to the directional pad. 9. A video game controller, comprising:
a controller body comprising one or more openings; and one or more thumbsticks configured to at least partially extend through the one or more openings, a proximal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body above an outer surface of the body and a distal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body below the outer surface of the body, the one or more thumbsticks comprising
a head at a proximal end of the thumbstick,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, at least a portion of the base defining a dome portion at least partially disposed below the outer surface of the body, the base having a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the one or more thumb sticks is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the one or more thumbsticks for the same head shape or size. 10. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the base is configured to couple to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 11. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the one or more thumbsticks is replaceable to vary a color of the one or more thumbsticks between at least two different colors. 12. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the shaft is configured to decouple from the base. 13. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the head has a domed shape with a textured proximal contact surface for grip by a user's finger. 14. The video game controller of claim 9, further comprising a directional pad spaced apart from the one or more thumbstick. 15. The video game controller of claim 14, further comprising a directional pad button removably coupleable to the directional pad. 16. A video game controller kit, comprising:
a video game controller unit comprising
one or more thumbsticks,
a controller body comprising one or more openings through which the one or more thumbsticks at least partially extend, a proximal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body above an outer surface of the body and a distal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body below the outer surface of the body, at least one of the one or more thumbsticks comprising
a head at a proximal end of the thumbstick,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, the base having a dome portion with a convex outer surface configured to be at least partially disposed below the outer surface of the body and a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the thumbstick for a given head shape or size; and
a plurality of replacement thumbsticks, each of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks configured to replace the one or more thumbsticks, at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks having a different shaft length to thereby vary a height of said replacement thumbsticks for the same head shape or size. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein the base couples to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 18. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a different color. 19. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a shaft with the same length but a different shaped head. 20. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a shaft with the same length but a different sized head. 21. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a different shaft length but the same shaped head. 22. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumb sticks have a different shaft length but the same sized head. | Various embodiments described herein are directed toward input mechanisms, for input devices, configured to receive and removably couple to interchangeable elements. Handheld input devices applicable to some embodiments may include, without limitation, computer controllers, video game console controllers, and handheld video gaming devices. Input mechanisms applicable to various embodiments may include, for example, control sticks (e.g., joysticks or analog sticks operable by a user's finger, such as a thumbstick), buttons, switches, and directional pads. According to some embodiments, an input mechanism is provided comprising a base component. Depending on the embodiment, coupling different interchangeable elements to the base component may cause the input mechanism to vary in size, appearance, contour, material, or features provided by the input mechanism.1. (canceled) 2. A video game controller, comprising:
a controller body comprising a pair of openings; and a pair of thumbsticks configured to at least partially extend through the pair of openings, a proximal portion of each of the thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body and a distal portion of each of the thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body, at least one of the pair of thumbsticks being interchangeable and comprising
a head having a domed shape with a textured proximal contact surface for grip by a user's finger,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, the base having a curved dome portion disposed at least partially below an outer surface of the body and a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the thumbstick for the same head shape or size. 3. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein the base couples to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 4. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary a color of the thumbstick between at least two different colors. 5. The video game controller of claim 2, wherein the shaft is configured to decouple from the base. 6. The video game controller of claim 2, further comprising a directional pad spaced apart from the pair of thumbsticks. 7. The video game controller of claim 6, wherein the directional pad is at least partially disposed between the pair of thumb sticks. 8. The video game controller of claim 6, further comprising a directional pad button removably coupleable to the directional pad. 9. A video game controller, comprising:
a controller body comprising one or more openings; and one or more thumbsticks configured to at least partially extend through the one or more openings, a proximal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body above an outer surface of the body and a distal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body below the outer surface of the body, the one or more thumbsticks comprising
a head at a proximal end of the thumbstick,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, at least a portion of the base defining a dome portion at least partially disposed below the outer surface of the body, the base having a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the one or more thumb sticks is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the one or more thumbsticks for the same head shape or size. 10. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the base is configured to couple to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 11. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of the one or more thumbsticks is replaceable to vary a color of the one or more thumbsticks between at least two different colors. 12. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the shaft is configured to decouple from the base. 13. The video game controller of claim 9, wherein the head has a domed shape with a textured proximal contact surface for grip by a user's finger. 14. The video game controller of claim 9, further comprising a directional pad spaced apart from the one or more thumbstick. 15. The video game controller of claim 14, further comprising a directional pad button removably coupleable to the directional pad. 16. A video game controller kit, comprising:
a video game controller unit comprising
one or more thumbsticks,
a controller body comprising one or more openings through which the one or more thumbsticks at least partially extend, a proximal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed outside the controller body above an outer surface of the body and a distal portion of the one or more thumbsticks at least partially disposed inside the controller body below the outer surface of the body, at least one of the one or more thumbsticks comprising
a head at a proximal end of the thumbstick,
a shaft having a length that extends distally from an underside of the head, the head having a greater width than the shaft, and
a base attached to the shaft so that the shaft is interposed between the head and the base, the shaft defining at least a portion of a length between the head and the base, the base having a dome portion with a convex outer surface configured to be at least partially disposed below the outer surface of the body and a plug that extends under at least a portion of the dome portion, the plug having a bore that extends to a distal opening of the plug, the base component configured to couple via the bore to an input device inside the controller body to thereby integrate the thumbstick in the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated via the input device into one or more input control signals,
wherein at least a portion of the thumbstick is replaceable to vary the length of the shaft to thereby vary a height of the thumbstick for a given head shape or size; and
a plurality of replacement thumbsticks, each of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks configured to replace the one or more thumbsticks, at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks having a different shaft length to thereby vary a height of said replacement thumbsticks for the same head shape or size. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein the base couples to an input device inside the controller body so that movement of the thumbstick is translated by a potentiometer into one or more input control signals via the input device. 18. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a different color. 19. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a shaft with the same length but a different shaped head. 20. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a shaft with the same length but a different sized head. 21. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumbsticks have a different shaft length but the same shaped head. 22. The kit of claim 16, wherein at least two of the plurality of replacement thumb sticks have a different shaft length but the same sized head. | 3,700 |
344,305 | 16,803,778 | 3,732 | Embodiments of the invention include a vehicle telematics system that receives different types of identification information from different vehicle modules on the vehicle bus of a vehicle, identifies a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identification information with information stored in a database that has been reverse engineered for a vehicle with a same and/or similar platform and identifies a set of communication data associated with the vehicle platform for communicating with the at least one vehicle module. | 1. A method for configuring a telematics device for a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, at a remote server system, different types of identification information from a plurality of different vehicle modules on the vehicle bus of the vehicle from a telematics device on the vehicle; identifying, at the remote server system, a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identification information with information stored in at least one database that has been reverse engineered for a vehicle with a same platform; identifying, at the remote server system, a set of communication data associated with the vehicle platform for communicating with the at least one vehicle module; providing, at the remote server system, the set of communication data to the vehicle telematics device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying a vehicle platform based on the identification information comprises matching the identifying information to vehicle platform information stored in at least one database. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification information from at least one vehicle module is at least one of a vehicle device identifier, manufacturer identifier, software identifier, and hardware identifier. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle module comprises a plurality of vehicle modules, wherein the method further comprises:
communicating with a first vehicle module using a first set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system; and communicating with a second vehicle module using a second different set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing, at the remote server system, information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the vehicle from the remote server system; and configuring the telematics device based on the YMM information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes identification information for identifying different vehicle modules for different types of vehicles. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes different sets of configuration data for configuring different vehicle modules on different types of vehicles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes normalized sets of identification data for different manufacturers of vehicle modules. 10. A vehicle telematics device in a vehicle, comprising:
a processor and a memory storing a vehicle telematics application; and a communication interface for communicating with a remote server system and a plurality of vehicle modules on a vehicle bus of the vehicle; wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is directed to: receive identification information from at least one vehicle device on the vehicle bus of the vehicle; provide the identification information to the remote server system; obtain communication data to allow for communication with the at least one vehicle module from the remote server system; communicate with the at least one vehicle module using the communication data. 11. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system identifies a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identifying information to vehicle platform information stored in at least one database on the remote server system. 12. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the identification information from the at least one vehicle module is at least one of a vehicle device identifier, manufacturer identifier, software identifier, and hardware identifier. 13. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 14. The vehicle telematics device of claim 13, wherein the at least one vehicle module comprises a plurality of vehicle modules, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
communicate with a first vehicle module using a first set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system; and communicate with a second vehicle module using a second set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system. 15. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
obtain information regarding a year, make, and model, of the vehicle from the remote server system. 16. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes identification information for identifying different vehicle modules for different types of vehicles. 17. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes different sets of configuration data for configuring different vehicle modules on different types of vehicles. 18. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes normalized sets of identification data for different manufacturers of vehicle modules. 19. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
send a request according to a first vehicle bus protocol for identification information on the vehicle bus; and when a response is not received within a time period, send a request according to a different second vehicle protocol for identification information on the vehicle bus after expiration of the time period. | Embodiments of the invention include a vehicle telematics system that receives different types of identification information from different vehicle modules on the vehicle bus of a vehicle, identifies a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identification information with information stored in a database that has been reverse engineered for a vehicle with a same and/or similar platform and identifies a set of communication data associated with the vehicle platform for communicating with the at least one vehicle module.1. A method for configuring a telematics device for a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, at a remote server system, different types of identification information from a plurality of different vehicle modules on the vehicle bus of the vehicle from a telematics device on the vehicle; identifying, at the remote server system, a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identification information with information stored in at least one database that has been reverse engineered for a vehicle with a same platform; identifying, at the remote server system, a set of communication data associated with the vehicle platform for communicating with the at least one vehicle module; providing, at the remote server system, the set of communication data to the vehicle telematics device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying a vehicle platform based on the identification information comprises matching the identifying information to vehicle platform information stored in at least one database. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the identification information from at least one vehicle module is at least one of a vehicle device identifier, manufacturer identifier, software identifier, and hardware identifier. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one vehicle module comprises a plurality of vehicle modules, wherein the method further comprises:
communicating with a first vehicle module using a first set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system; and communicating with a second vehicle module using a second different set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing, at the remote server system, information regarding a year, make, and model (YMM) of the vehicle from the remote server system; and configuring the telematics device based on the YMM information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes identification information for identifying different vehicle modules for different types of vehicles. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes different sets of configuration data for configuring different vehicle modules on different types of vehicles. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one database includes normalized sets of identification data for different manufacturers of vehicle modules. 10. A vehicle telematics device in a vehicle, comprising:
a processor and a memory storing a vehicle telematics application; and a communication interface for communicating with a remote server system and a plurality of vehicle modules on a vehicle bus of the vehicle; wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is directed to: receive identification information from at least one vehicle device on the vehicle bus of the vehicle; provide the identification information to the remote server system; obtain communication data to allow for communication with the at least one vehicle module from the remote server system; communicate with the at least one vehicle module using the communication data. 11. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system identifies a vehicle platform based on the identification information by matching the identifying information to vehicle platform information stored in at least one database on the remote server system. 12. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the identification information from the at least one vehicle module is at least one of a vehicle device identifier, manufacturer identifier, software identifier, and hardware identifier. 13. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the vehicle bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) vehicle and the communication data is a set of On-board Diagnostic Parameter IDs (OBD-II PIDs). 14. The vehicle telematics device of claim 13, wherein the at least one vehicle module comprises a plurality of vehicle modules, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
communicate with a first vehicle module using a first set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system; and communicate with a second vehicle module using a second set of OBD-II PIDs received from the remote server system. 15. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
obtain information regarding a year, make, and model, of the vehicle from the remote server system. 16. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes identification information for identifying different vehicle modules for different types of vehicles. 17. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes different sets of configuration data for configuring different vehicle modules on different types of vehicles. 18. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the remote server system includes at least one database that includes normalized sets of identification data for different manufacturers of vehicle modules. 19. The vehicle telematics device of claim 10, wherein the processor of the telematics device, on reading the vehicle telematics application, is further directed to:
send a request according to a first vehicle bus protocol for identification information on the vehicle bus; and when a response is not received within a time period, send a request according to a different second vehicle protocol for identification information on the vehicle bus after expiration of the time period. | 3,700 |
344,306 | 16,803,772 | 3,732 | Embodiments disclose systems and methods to generate a lane-based reference line for an autonomous driving vehicle. In one embodiment, a system receives a request to route an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) from a source location to a target location. In response to the request, the system identifies a set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV, where each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments. The system identifies one or more lane paths corresponding to the set of road segments. The system determines an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths. The system selects a lane path based on the determined effective distance. The system generates a lane-based reference line based on the selected lane path. | 1. A computer-implemented method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle, the method comprising:
identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic assist element is shortened or rewarded corresponding to the traffic assist element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a split lane includes a first predetermined reward distance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a solid lane line indicating lane changes are not allowed includes a second predetermined reward distance. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic delay element is lengthened or penalized corresponding to the traffic delay element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a merge lane includes a first predetermined penalty distance. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a left turn, a right turn, a u-turn, or a lane change includes a second, a third, or a fourth predetermined penalty distance, respectively. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic delay element is lengthened or penalized corresponding to a length of a lane segment. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance includes a fifth predetermined penalty length-based distance cost for staying on a left lane and a sixth predetermined penalty length-based distance cost for staying on a right lane. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths includes a seventh predetermined penalty distance cost based on an estimated length of time to navigate the lane paths. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. 18. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. | Embodiments disclose systems and methods to generate a lane-based reference line for an autonomous driving vehicle. In one embodiment, a system receives a request to route an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV) from a source location to a target location. In response to the request, the system identifies a set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV, where each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments. The system identifies one or more lane paths corresponding to the set of road segments. The system determines an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths. The system selects a lane path based on the determined effective distance. The system generates a lane-based reference line based on the selected lane path.1. A computer-implemented method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle, the method comprising:
identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic assist element is shortened or rewarded corresponding to the traffic assist element. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a split lane includes a first predetermined reward distance. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a solid lane line indicating lane changes are not allowed includes a second predetermined reward distance. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic delay element is lengthened or penalized corresponding to the traffic delay element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a merge lane includes a first predetermined penalty distance. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a left turn, a right turn, a u-turn, or a lane change includes a second, a third, or a fourth predetermined penalty distance, respectively. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the effective distance for lane paths having a traffic delay element is lengthened or penalized corresponding to a length of a lane segment. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance includes a fifth predetermined penalty length-based distance cost for staying on a left lane and a sixth predetermined penalty length-based distance cost for staying on a right lane. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective distance for lane paths includes a seventh predetermined penalty distance cost based on an estimated length of time to navigate the lane paths. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. 18. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including identifying a set of road segments between a source location and a target location navigable by an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), wherein each of the road segments in the set includes one or more lane segments; determining one or more lane paths based on the lane segments of the set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more lane paths in view of a current position of the ADV; and generating a lane-based reference line based on a lane path selected from the lane paths based on the determined effective distance of each of the lane paths, wherein the lane-based reference line is utilized to route the ADV from the source location to the target location. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the generated lane-based reference line in view of obstacles perceived by one or more sensors of the ADV. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an alternate set of road segments between the source location and the target location navigable by the ADV; identifying one or more alternate lane paths corresponding to the alternate set of road segments; determining an effective distance for each of the one or more alternate lane paths; generating an alternate lane-based reference line based on the determining; determining a user selection selecting the lane-based reference line or the alternate lane-based reference line having the alternate set of road segments; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the user selection. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a road-based reference line using the same set of road segments; automatically selecting whether to use the lane-based reference line or the road-based reference line based on predetermined traffic or road conditions; and planning a trajectory from the source location to the target location based on the automatic selection. | 3,700 |
344,307 | 16,803,787 | 3,732 | An imaging device includes a first chip. The first chip includes a first pixel and a second pixel. The first pixel includes a first anode region and a first cathode region, and the second pixel includes a second anode region and a second cathode region. The first chip includes a first wiring layer. The first wiring layer includes a first anode electrode, a first anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the first anode region, and a second anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the second anode region. | 1. Alight detecting device, comprising:
a first chip including:
a first pixel including a first anode region and a first cathode region;
a second pixel including a second anode region and a second cathode region;
a third pixel including a third anode region and a third cathode region;
a first cathode electrode connected to the first cathode region via a first via;
a second cathode electrode connected to the second cathode region via a first via; and
a third cathode electrode connected to the third cathode region via a first via,
wherein the second pixel is adjacent to the first pixel and the third pixel, and wherein a distance between the first cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode is shorter than a distance between the third cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode. 2. The light detecting device of claim 1, wherein the first chip further comprises:
a first anode electrode; a first anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the first anode region; and a second anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the second anode region. 3. The light detecting device of claim 2, wherein the first chip further comprises:
an insulating material between the first anode region and the second anode region, and wherein, in the plan view, the first anode electrode overlaps portions of the first anode region, the second anode region, and the insulating material. 4. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein, in the plan view, the first and second anode vias are aligned with one another along a first direction. 5. The imaging device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second chip bonded to the first chip and including circuitry for processing signals from the first and second pixels. 6. Alight detecting device, comprising:
a first chip including:
a first pixel including a first anode region and a first cathode region; and
a first cathode electrode connected to the first cathode region via a first via, and
a second chip including:
a first wiring; and
a first quench circuit connected to the first cathode region of the first pixel via the first wiring, the first cathode electrode, and the first via,
wherein the first via is arranged off of the center of the first cathode electrode. | An imaging device includes a first chip. The first chip includes a first pixel and a second pixel. The first pixel includes a first anode region and a first cathode region, and the second pixel includes a second anode region and a second cathode region. The first chip includes a first wiring layer. The first wiring layer includes a first anode electrode, a first anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the first anode region, and a second anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the second anode region.1. Alight detecting device, comprising:
a first chip including:
a first pixel including a first anode region and a first cathode region;
a second pixel including a second anode region and a second cathode region;
a third pixel including a third anode region and a third cathode region;
a first cathode electrode connected to the first cathode region via a first via;
a second cathode electrode connected to the second cathode region via a first via; and
a third cathode electrode connected to the third cathode region via a first via,
wherein the second pixel is adjacent to the first pixel and the third pixel, and wherein a distance between the first cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode is shorter than a distance between the third cathode electrode and the second cathode electrode. 2. The light detecting device of claim 1, wherein the first chip further comprises:
a first anode electrode; a first anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the first anode region; and a second anode via coupled to the first anode electrode and the second anode region. 3. The light detecting device of claim 2, wherein the first chip further comprises:
an insulating material between the first anode region and the second anode region, and wherein, in the plan view, the first anode electrode overlaps portions of the first anode region, the second anode region, and the insulating material. 4. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein, in the plan view, the first and second anode vias are aligned with one another along a first direction. 5. The imaging device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second chip bonded to the first chip and including circuitry for processing signals from the first and second pixels. 6. Alight detecting device, comprising:
a first chip including:
a first pixel including a first anode region and a first cathode region; and
a first cathode electrode connected to the first cathode region via a first via, and
a second chip including:
a first wiring; and
a first quench circuit connected to the first cathode region of the first pixel via the first wiring, the first cathode electrode, and the first via,
wherein the first via is arranged off of the center of the first cathode electrode. | 3,700 |
344,308 | 16,803,788 | 3,732 | A wireless audio system using low overhead in-band control and audio transmission is provided. The wireless audio system includes a first wireless audio device configured to operate separate physical layer channels for audio data and control data, and transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. The wireless audio system also includes one or more second wireless audio devices configured to receive the audio data and control data, and execute an instruction based on the control data. | 1. An audio system comprising:
a first wireless audio device configured to:
operate separate physical layer channels for audio data and control data; and
transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier; and
one or more second wireless audio devices configured to:
receive the audio data and control data; and
execute an instruction based on the control data. 2. The audio system of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more second wireless audio devices are further configured to:
operate separate physical layer channels for second audio data and second control data; and
transmit the second audio data and the second control data using a single wideband carrier; and
the first wireless audio device is further configured to:
receive the second audio data and second control data; and
execute an instruction based on the second control data. 3. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is a base station, and the one or more second wireless audio devices comprise one or more subscriber devices. 4. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to use a different modulation scheme for the audio data and the control data. 5. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to use a different coding rate for the audio data and the control data. 6. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to determine a different modulation scheme or coding rate for the audio data and the control data based on a desired bit error rate. 7. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to combine the audio data and the control data into frames, wherein each frame includes a downlink portion and an uplink portion, and wherein the first wireless audio device operates using a frame scheme, wherein the frame scheme repeats every N frames. 8. The audio system of claim 7, wherein the frames of the frame scheme are organized such that each frame in the frame scheme includes a broadcast channel slot. 9. The audio system of claim 8, wherein the broadcast channel slot includes information used by the one or more second wireless audio devices to access the audio system, including the number of frames N in the frame scheme. 10. The audio system of claim 7, wherein one or more of the N frames of the frame scheme includes M control channel slot pairs, wherein a first slot of a given control channel slot pair is included in the downlink portion of a given frame, and a second slot of the control channel slot pair is included in the uplink portion of the frame. 11. The audio system of claim 10, wherein each of the one or more second wireless audio devices is allocated one control channel slot pair. 12. A wireless base station of an audio system, the wireless base station comprising:
a processor configured to:
operate a first physical layer channel using audio data;
operate a second physical layer channel using control data; and
an antenna configured to transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. 13. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to use a different modulation scheme for the audio data and the control data. 14. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to use a different coding rate for the audio data and the control data. 15. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to combine the audio data and the control data into frames, wherein each frame includes a downlink portion and an uplink portion, wherein the processor operates using a frame scheme, and wherein the frame scheme repeats every N frames. 16. The wireless base station of claim 15, wherein the frames of the frame scheme are organized such that each frame in the frame scheme includes a broadcast channel slot. 17. The wireless base station of claim 16, wherein the broadcast channel slot includes information used by one or more subscriber devices to access the audio data and control data, including the number of frames N in the frame scheme. 18. The wireless base station of claim 15, wherein one or more of the N frames of the frame scheme includes M control channel slot pairs, wherein a first slot of a given control channel slot pair is included in the downlink portion of a given frame, and a second slot of the control channel slot pair is included in the uplink portion of the frame. 19. The wireless base station of claim 18, wherein the wireless base station is configured to communicate with one or more subscriber devices, and wherein each of the one or more subscriber devices is allocated one control channel slot pair. 20. A non-transitory, computer readable memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the performance of a set of acts comprising:
operating a first physical layer channel using audio data to be transmitted to a wireless subscriber device; operating a second physical layer channel using control data to be transmitted to the wireless subscriber device; and controlling an antenna to transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. | A wireless audio system using low overhead in-band control and audio transmission is provided. The wireless audio system includes a first wireless audio device configured to operate separate physical layer channels for audio data and control data, and transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. The wireless audio system also includes one or more second wireless audio devices configured to receive the audio data and control data, and execute an instruction based on the control data.1. An audio system comprising:
a first wireless audio device configured to:
operate separate physical layer channels for audio data and control data; and
transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier; and
one or more second wireless audio devices configured to:
receive the audio data and control data; and
execute an instruction based on the control data. 2. The audio system of claim 1, wherein:
the one or more second wireless audio devices are further configured to:
operate separate physical layer channels for second audio data and second control data; and
transmit the second audio data and the second control data using a single wideband carrier; and
the first wireless audio device is further configured to:
receive the second audio data and second control data; and
execute an instruction based on the second control data. 3. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is a base station, and the one or more second wireless audio devices comprise one or more subscriber devices. 4. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to use a different modulation scheme for the audio data and the control data. 5. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to use a different coding rate for the audio data and the control data. 6. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to determine a different modulation scheme or coding rate for the audio data and the control data based on a desired bit error rate. 7. The audio system of claim 1, wherein the first wireless audio device is further configured to combine the audio data and the control data into frames, wherein each frame includes a downlink portion and an uplink portion, and wherein the first wireless audio device operates using a frame scheme, wherein the frame scheme repeats every N frames. 8. The audio system of claim 7, wherein the frames of the frame scheme are organized such that each frame in the frame scheme includes a broadcast channel slot. 9. The audio system of claim 8, wherein the broadcast channel slot includes information used by the one or more second wireless audio devices to access the audio system, including the number of frames N in the frame scheme. 10. The audio system of claim 7, wherein one or more of the N frames of the frame scheme includes M control channel slot pairs, wherein a first slot of a given control channel slot pair is included in the downlink portion of a given frame, and a second slot of the control channel slot pair is included in the uplink portion of the frame. 11. The audio system of claim 10, wherein each of the one or more second wireless audio devices is allocated one control channel slot pair. 12. A wireless base station of an audio system, the wireless base station comprising:
a processor configured to:
operate a first physical layer channel using audio data;
operate a second physical layer channel using control data; and
an antenna configured to transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. 13. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to use a different modulation scheme for the audio data and the control data. 14. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to use a different coding rate for the audio data and the control data. 15. The wireless base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to combine the audio data and the control data into frames, wherein each frame includes a downlink portion and an uplink portion, wherein the processor operates using a frame scheme, and wherein the frame scheme repeats every N frames. 16. The wireless base station of claim 15, wherein the frames of the frame scheme are organized such that each frame in the frame scheme includes a broadcast channel slot. 17. The wireless base station of claim 16, wherein the broadcast channel slot includes information used by one or more subscriber devices to access the audio data and control data, including the number of frames N in the frame scheme. 18. The wireless base station of claim 15, wherein one or more of the N frames of the frame scheme includes M control channel slot pairs, wherein a first slot of a given control channel slot pair is included in the downlink portion of a given frame, and a second slot of the control channel slot pair is included in the uplink portion of the frame. 19. The wireless base station of claim 18, wherein the wireless base station is configured to communicate with one or more subscriber devices, and wherein each of the one or more subscriber devices is allocated one control channel slot pair. 20. A non-transitory, computer readable memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the performance of a set of acts comprising:
operating a first physical layer channel using audio data to be transmitted to a wireless subscriber device; operating a second physical layer channel using control data to be transmitted to the wireless subscriber device; and controlling an antenna to transmit the audio data and control data using a single wideband carrier. | 3,700 |
344,309 | 16,803,789 | 3,732 | A system includes instructions for execution by at least one processor. The instructions include, in response to receiving user input for a result graph request, determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range. The instructions include obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for a stock identifier, receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element, and obtaining a first option based on the first strike price. The instructions include determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option. The instructions include plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range. The instructions include, in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores:
a pre-loaded database including option data for a range of strike prices and
instructions for execution by the at least one processor and
wherein the instructions include, in response to receiving user input for a result graph request including a stock identifier and an option identifier from a user device:
determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range based on the stock identifier and the option identifier;
for each integer within the horizontal axis range, obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for the stock identifier in the pre-loaded database that has a strike price set to the corresponding integer;
receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, wherein the first location of the movable user interface element corresponds to a point along the horizontal axis range;
identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element;
obtaining, from the pre-loaded database, a first option based on the first strike price;
for each integer of the horizontal axis range, determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option at which a value of a stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer;
plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range; and
in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph by performing the receiving, identifying, obtaining, determining, and plotting steps based on the second location. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the result value is the projected price of the first option at which the value of the stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer less an original price of the first option. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the determining the horizontal axis range includes:
identifying a highest strike price of the first option;
identifying a lowest strike price of the first option;
calculating a buffer value; and
setting the horizontal axis range to the lowest strike price less the buffer value and the highest strike price plus the buffer value. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the buffer value is equal to ten percent of the identified highest strike price of the first option less the identified lowest strike price of the first option. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation upward move of the strike price of the first option and
in response to the standard deviation upward move of the strike price being higher than the highest strike price, selecting the standard deviation upward move of the strike price as the highest strike price. 6. The system of claim 3 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation downward move of the strike price of the first option and
in response to the standard deviation downward move of the strike price being lower than the lowest strike price, selecting the standard deviation downward move of the strike price as the lowest strike price. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the determining the vertical axis range includes:
identifying a highest value of the projected price of the first option;
identifying a lowest value of the projected price of the first option; and
setting the vertical axis range to the identified lowest value less the buffer value and the identified highest value plus the buffer value. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the memory stores a stock and option parameter database including a plurality of options and
each option of the plurality of options includes a corresponding stock symbol, a value, and an expiration date. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein:
the instructions include obtaining the option data corresponding to the option from the stock and option parameter database. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the pre-loaded database is updated in response to the horizontal axis range being determined. 11. A method comprising:
receiving user input for a result graph request including a stock identifier and an option identifier from a user device; determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range based on the stock identifier and the option identifier; for each integer within the horizontal axis range, obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for the stock identifier in a pre-loaded database that has a strike price set to the corresponding integer, wherein the pre-loaded database includes option data for a range of strike prices; receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, wherein the first location of the movable user interface element corresponds to a point along the horizontal axis range; identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element; obtaining, from the pre-loaded database, a first option based on the first strike price; for each integer of the horizontal axis range, determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option at which a value of a stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer; plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range; and in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph by performing the receiving, identifying, obtaining, determining, and plotting steps based on the second location. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the result value is the projected price of the first option at which the value of the stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer less an original price of the first option. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the determining the horizontal axis range includes:
identifying a highest strike price of the first option;
identifying a lowest strike price of the first option;
calculating a buffer value; and
setting the horizontal axis range to the lowest strike price less the buffer value and the highest strike price plus the buffer value. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the buffer value is equal to ten percent of the identified highest strike price of the first option less the identified lowest strike price of the first option. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation upward move of the strike price of the first option; and
in response to the standard deviation upward move of the strike price being higher than the highest strike price, selecting the standard deviation upward move of the strike price as the highest strike price. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation downward move of the strike price of the first option; and
in response to the standard deviation downward move of the strike price being lower than the lowest strike price, selecting the standard deviation downward move of the strike price as the lowest strike price. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the determining the vertical axis range includes:
identifying a highest value of the projected price of the first option;
identifying a lowest value of the projected price of the first option; and
setting the vertical axis range to the identified lowest value less the buffer value and the identified highest value plus the buffer value. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
storing a stock and option parameter database including a plurality of options,
wherein each option of the plurality of options includes a corresponding stock symbol, a value, and an expiration date. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
obtaining the option data corresponding to the option from the stock and option parameter database. 20. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
updating the pre-loaded database in response to the horizontal axis range being determined. | A system includes instructions for execution by at least one processor. The instructions include, in response to receiving user input for a result graph request, determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range. The instructions include obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for a stock identifier, receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element, and obtaining a first option based on the first strike price. The instructions include determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option. The instructions include plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range. The instructions include, in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph.1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores:
a pre-loaded database including option data for a range of strike prices and
instructions for execution by the at least one processor and
wherein the instructions include, in response to receiving user input for a result graph request including a stock identifier and an option identifier from a user device:
determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range based on the stock identifier and the option identifier;
for each integer within the horizontal axis range, obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for the stock identifier in the pre-loaded database that has a strike price set to the corresponding integer;
receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, wherein the first location of the movable user interface element corresponds to a point along the horizontal axis range;
identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element;
obtaining, from the pre-loaded database, a first option based on the first strike price;
for each integer of the horizontal axis range, determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option at which a value of a stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer;
plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range; and
in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph by performing the receiving, identifying, obtaining, determining, and plotting steps based on the second location. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the result value is the projected price of the first option at which the value of the stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer less an original price of the first option. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the determining the horizontal axis range includes:
identifying a highest strike price of the first option;
identifying a lowest strike price of the first option;
calculating a buffer value; and
setting the horizontal axis range to the lowest strike price less the buffer value and the highest strike price plus the buffer value. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the buffer value is equal to ten percent of the identified highest strike price of the first option less the identified lowest strike price of the first option. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation upward move of the strike price of the first option and
in response to the standard deviation upward move of the strike price being higher than the highest strike price, selecting the standard deviation upward move of the strike price as the highest strike price. 6. The system of claim 3 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation downward move of the strike price of the first option and
in response to the standard deviation downward move of the strike price being lower than the lowest strike price, selecting the standard deviation downward move of the strike price as the lowest strike price. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the determining the vertical axis range includes:
identifying a highest value of the projected price of the first option;
identifying a lowest value of the projected price of the first option; and
setting the vertical axis range to the identified lowest value less the buffer value and the identified highest value plus the buffer value. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the memory stores a stock and option parameter database including a plurality of options and
each option of the plurality of options includes a corresponding stock symbol, a value, and an expiration date. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein:
the instructions include obtaining the option data corresponding to the option from the stock and option parameter database. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the pre-loaded database is updated in response to the horizontal axis range being determined. 11. A method comprising:
receiving user input for a result graph request including a stock identifier and an option identifier from a user device; determining a horizontal axis range and a vertical axis range based on the stock identifier and the option identifier; for each integer within the horizontal axis range, obtaining and storing option data corresponding to an option for the stock identifier in a pre-loaded database that has a strike price set to the corresponding integer, wherein the pre-loaded database includes option data for a range of strike prices; receiving a first location of a movable user interface element, wherein the first location of the movable user interface element corresponds to a point along the horizontal axis range; identifying a first strike price based on the first location of the movable user interface element; obtaining, from the pre-loaded database, a first option based on the first strike price; for each integer of the horizontal axis range, determining a result value of the first option based on a projected price of the first option at which a value of a stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer; plotting, on a result graph, the result value for each integer of the horizontal axis range; and in response to the movable user interface element being moved to a second location, updating the result graph by performing the receiving, identifying, obtaining, determining, and plotting steps based on the second location. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the result value is the projected price of the first option at which the value of the stock corresponding to the stock identifier equals the corresponding integer less an original price of the first option. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the determining the horizontal axis range includes:
identifying a highest strike price of the first option;
identifying a lowest strike price of the first option;
calculating a buffer value; and
setting the horizontal axis range to the lowest strike price less the buffer value and the highest strike price plus the buffer value. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the buffer value is equal to ten percent of the identified highest strike price of the first option less the identified lowest strike price of the first option. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation upward move of the strike price of the first option; and
in response to the standard deviation upward move of the strike price being higher than the highest strike price, selecting the standard deviation upward move of the strike price as the highest strike price. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the identifying the highest strike price of the first option includes:
determining a standard deviation downward move of the strike price of the first option; and
in response to the standard deviation downward move of the strike price being lower than the lowest strike price, selecting the standard deviation downward move of the strike price as the lowest strike price. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the determining the vertical axis range includes:
identifying a highest value of the projected price of the first option;
identifying a lowest value of the projected price of the first option; and
setting the vertical axis range to the identified lowest value less the buffer value and the identified highest value plus the buffer value. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
storing a stock and option parameter database including a plurality of options,
wherein each option of the plurality of options includes a corresponding stock symbol, a value, and an expiration date. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising:
obtaining the option data corresponding to the option from the stock and option parameter database. 20. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
updating the pre-loaded database in response to the horizontal axis range being determined. | 3,700 |
344,310 | 16,803,774 | 3,732 | An image diagnostic device that obtains a prediction model indicating a higher accuracy diagnosis prediction result includes: an observation unit that collects an image of an examination object; and an image processing unit that generates first image data from the image, and performs image processing of the first image data. The image processing unit is provided with: a feature extraction unit that extracts a first feature from the first image data; a feature transformation unit that converts the first feature to a second feature to be extracted from second image data; and an identification unit that calculates a prescribed parameter value using the converted second feature. The feature extraction unit includes a prediction model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first image data and feature, and the feature transformation unit includes a feature transformation model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first and second features. | 1. An image diagnostic device, comprising:
an observation unit that collects an image signal of an examination object; and an image processing unit that generates first image data from the image signal, and performs image processing of the first image data, wherein the image processing unit is provided with: a feature extraction unit that extracts a first feature from the first image data; a feature transformation unit that converts the first feature to a second feature to be extracted from second image data; and an identification unit that calculates a prescribed parameter value using the converted second feature, the feature extraction unit includes a prediction model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first image data and the first feature, and the feature transformation unit includes a feature transformation model learned using the plurality of the combinations of the first feature and the second feature. 2. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the identification unit includes an identification model learned using a plurality of combinations of the second feature and the parameter value. 3. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the second image data is image data of a pathological image of the examination object, and the second feature includes a feature of the pathological image. 4. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes two networks of an encoder and a decoder, and when the first feature is input to the encoder, the second feature is output from the decoder. 5. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error of a distance between the first feature and the second feature that is mapped on a prescribed space becomes small, by an error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 6. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error between an output of the parameter value calculated by the identification unit and training data becomes small, by the error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 7. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error of a distance between the first feature and the second feature that is mapped on a prescribed space becomes small, and an error between an output of the parameter value calculated by the identification unit and training data becomes small, by the error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 8. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the image processing unit further includes: an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs an image from the image signal collected by the observation unit; and a correction processing unit that corrects the image generated by the image reconstruction unit, and the feature extraction unit extracts the first feature using image data of the corrected image as the first image data. 9. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising an output unit that displays the image processed by the image processing unit, wherein
the identification unit causes the output unit to display an image of the first image data and information on the parameter value by being superimposed on or in parallel with each other. 10. The image diagnostic device according to claim 9, wherein the information on the parameter value includes an image of the second image data corresponding to the parameter value. 11. The image diagnostic device according to claim 10, wherein the image of the second image data is a pathological image, among sites to be examined image signals of which have been collected by the observation unit, at the site the same as the site with a disease. 12. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the first feature and the second feature respectively have a plurality of dimensions, and the second feature has a dimension number larger than that of the first feature. 13. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the image processing unit further includes a patch processing unit that cuts image data of at least one patch from the image data collected by the observation unit, and passes the cut image data to the feature extraction unit, and the feature extraction unit extracts the first feature from the cut image data of at least one patch. 14. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising an ROI setting unit that sets a region of interest in the image data of the examination object, wherein
the image processing unit processes image data of the region set by the ROI setting unit. 15. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is an MR observation unit that measures a magnetic resonance signal of an examination object, and acquires k space data including the magnetic resonance signal, and the image processing unit performs image reconstruction using the k space data acquired by the MR observation unit. 16. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is an ultrasound observation unit that acquires an ultrasound signal of an examination object, and the image processing unit generates image data of an ultrasound image from the ultrasound signal, and performs the image reconstruction using the image data. 17. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is a CT observation unit that acquires an X-ray signal passed through an examination object, and the image processing unit generates image data of a tomographic image from the X-ray signal acquired by the CT observation unit, and performs the image reconstruction using the generated image data. 18. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the prediction model and the feature transformation model are stored in a cloud connected to the observation unit via a network. 19. An image processing method, comprising:
a step (1) of generating first image data from an image signal of an examination object acquired by an observation unit in an image diagnostic device; a step (2) of extracting, using a prediction model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first image data and a first feature, the first feature from the first image data; a step (3) of converting, using a feature transformation model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first feature, and a second feature to be extracted from second image data, the first feature to the second feature; and a step (4) of calculating a prescribed parameter value using the second feature. 20. A program that causes a computer to perform:
a step (1) of generating first image data from an image signal of an examination object acquired by an observation unit in an image diagnostic device; a step (2) of extracting, using a prediction model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first image data and a first feature, the first feature from the first image data; a step (3) of converting, using a feature transformation model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first feature, and a second feature to be extracted from second image data, the first feature to the second feature; and a step (4) of calculating a prescribed parameter value using the second feature. | An image diagnostic device that obtains a prediction model indicating a higher accuracy diagnosis prediction result includes: an observation unit that collects an image of an examination object; and an image processing unit that generates first image data from the image, and performs image processing of the first image data. The image processing unit is provided with: a feature extraction unit that extracts a first feature from the first image data; a feature transformation unit that converts the first feature to a second feature to be extracted from second image data; and an identification unit that calculates a prescribed parameter value using the converted second feature. The feature extraction unit includes a prediction model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first image data and feature, and the feature transformation unit includes a feature transformation model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first and second features.1. An image diagnostic device, comprising:
an observation unit that collects an image signal of an examination object; and an image processing unit that generates first image data from the image signal, and performs image processing of the first image data, wherein the image processing unit is provided with: a feature extraction unit that extracts a first feature from the first image data; a feature transformation unit that converts the first feature to a second feature to be extracted from second image data; and an identification unit that calculates a prescribed parameter value using the converted second feature, the feature extraction unit includes a prediction model learned using a plurality of combinations of the first image data and the first feature, and the feature transformation unit includes a feature transformation model learned using the plurality of the combinations of the first feature and the second feature. 2. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the identification unit includes an identification model learned using a plurality of combinations of the second feature and the parameter value. 3. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the second image data is image data of a pathological image of the examination object, and the second feature includes a feature of the pathological image. 4. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes two networks of an encoder and a decoder, and when the first feature is input to the encoder, the second feature is output from the decoder. 5. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error of a distance between the first feature and the second feature that is mapped on a prescribed space becomes small, by an error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 6. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error between an output of the parameter value calculated by the identification unit and training data becomes small, by the error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 7. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the feature transformation model includes a model learned such that an error of a distance between the first feature and the second feature that is mapped on a prescribed space becomes small, and an error between an output of the parameter value calculated by the identification unit and training data becomes small, by the error backpropagation method using a prescribed error function. 8. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the image processing unit further includes: an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs an image from the image signal collected by the observation unit; and a correction processing unit that corrects the image generated by the image reconstruction unit, and the feature extraction unit extracts the first feature using image data of the corrected image as the first image data. 9. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising an output unit that displays the image processed by the image processing unit, wherein
the identification unit causes the output unit to display an image of the first image data and information on the parameter value by being superimposed on or in parallel with each other. 10. The image diagnostic device according to claim 9, wherein the information on the parameter value includes an image of the second image data corresponding to the parameter value. 11. The image diagnostic device according to claim 10, wherein the image of the second image data is a pathological image, among sites to be examined image signals of which have been collected by the observation unit, at the site the same as the site with a disease. 12. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the first feature and the second feature respectively have a plurality of dimensions, and the second feature has a dimension number larger than that of the first feature. 13. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the image processing unit further includes a patch processing unit that cuts image data of at least one patch from the image data collected by the observation unit, and passes the cut image data to the feature extraction unit, and the feature extraction unit extracts the first feature from the cut image data of at least one patch. 14. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising an ROI setting unit that sets a region of interest in the image data of the examination object, wherein
the image processing unit processes image data of the region set by the ROI setting unit. 15. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is an MR observation unit that measures a magnetic resonance signal of an examination object, and acquires k space data including the magnetic resonance signal, and the image processing unit performs image reconstruction using the k space data acquired by the MR observation unit. 16. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is an ultrasound observation unit that acquires an ultrasound signal of an examination object, and the image processing unit generates image data of an ultrasound image from the ultrasound signal, and performs the image reconstruction using the image data. 17. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein
the observation unit is a CT observation unit that acquires an X-ray signal passed through an examination object, and the image processing unit generates image data of a tomographic image from the X-ray signal acquired by the CT observation unit, and performs the image reconstruction using the generated image data. 18. The image diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the prediction model and the feature transformation model are stored in a cloud connected to the observation unit via a network. 19. An image processing method, comprising:
a step (1) of generating first image data from an image signal of an examination object acquired by an observation unit in an image diagnostic device; a step (2) of extracting, using a prediction model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first image data and a first feature, the first feature from the first image data; a step (3) of converting, using a feature transformation model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first feature, and a second feature to be extracted from second image data, the first feature to the second feature; and a step (4) of calculating a prescribed parameter value using the second feature. 20. A program that causes a computer to perform:
a step (1) of generating first image data from an image signal of an examination object acquired by an observation unit in an image diagnostic device; a step (2) of extracting, using a prediction model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first image data and a first feature, the first feature from the first image data; a step (3) of converting, using a feature transformation model learned by a plurality of combinations of the first feature, and a second feature to be extracted from second image data, the first feature to the second feature; and a step (4) of calculating a prescribed parameter value using the second feature. | 3,700 |
344,311 | 16,803,786 | 2,811 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction, a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of first semiconductor transistors. Each first semiconductor transistor is respectively connected between one of the plurality of first wires and one of the plurality of second wires. Each first semiconductor transistor includes a gate electrode connected to the respective first wire and a channel layer on a first surface of the second wire and also a side surface of the respective second wire. | 1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a plurality of first semiconductor transistors, each of the first semiconductor transistors connected to corresponding one of the plurality of first wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, each of the first semiconductor transistors including a gate electrode connected to the corresponding one of the first wires and a channel layer connected to a first surface and a side surface of the corresponding one of the second wires, the first surface facing in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions and the side surface facing in a direction intersecting the third direction. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire and adjacent to each other along the same second wire have channels that are on different side surfaces of the second wire. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of third wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the plurality of first wires in the third direction; and a plurality of second semiconductor transistors, each of the second semiconductor transistor respectively connected to corresponding one of the plurality of third wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the plurality of first wires and the plurality of third wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors and channel layers of the plurality of second semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire are aligned with each other in the third direction. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first wires comprises a first part with a first width in the second direction and a second part with a second width in the second direction that is less than the first width, the first part corresponds to the gate electrode of one of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors, and the second part is between gate electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first wires have a first width in the second direction, the second wires have a second width in the first direction, and the second width is less than the first width. 6. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, wherein the plurality of first wires have widths in the second direction which vary along the first direction of the first wires. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of third wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the plurality of first wires in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; and a plurality of second semiconductor transistors, each of the second semiconductor transistor respectively connected to corresponding one of the plurality of third wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the plurality of first wires and the plurality of third wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors and channel layers of the plurality of second semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire are offset from each other in the first direction. 8. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer between each of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material, and a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor oxide material is indium-gallium-zinc oxide. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the material of the oxide layer is one of indium-gallium-silicon oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, or hafnium oxide. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the material of the oxide layer is one of indium-gallium-silicon oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, or hafnium oxide. 12. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of capacitors respectively connected to the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the second wire on which the channel layer is disposed has a notched portion conforming to the outer peripheral shape of the channel layer. 14. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a first plurality of first wires extending in a first direction spaced from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in the second direction and spaced from each other in the first direction, the plurality of second wires being spaced from the first plurality of first wires in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; and a first plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the first plurality facing a first wire of the first plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, each channel layer of the first plurality intersecting the first wire at a position in central portion of the first wire in the second direction and intersecting the second wire at a first outer edge of the second wire, the channel layer of the first plurality being on a surface of the second wire facing the first wire in the third direction and overlapping the first outer edge to be on a side surface of the second wire facing in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
an oxide layer on the side surface of the second wire between the second wire and the channel layer and on the surface of the second wire between the second wire and the channel layer. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the channel layers of the first plurality that are connected to the same second wire and adjacent to each other along the same second wire are on different side surfaces of the second wire. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
an oxide layer between each of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material, and a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a second plurality of first wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the first plurality of first wires in the third direction, a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the second plurality facing a first wire of the second plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the first plurality of first wires and the second plurality of first wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the first and second pluralities that are connected to the same second wire are offset from each other in the first direction. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a second plurality of first wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the first plurality of first wires in the third direction; and a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the second plurality facing a first wire of the second plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the first plurality of first wires and the second plurality of first wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the first and second pluralities that are connected to the same second wire are aligned with each other in the third direction. 20. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a first plurality of word lines extending in a first direction and spaced from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the first plurality of word lines being at a first distance from a substrate in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second direction; a plurality of bit lines extending in the second direction and spaced from each other in the first direction, the plurality of bit lines being at a second distance from the substrate in the third direction, the second distance being greater than the first distance; a second plurality of word lines extending in the first direction and spaced from each other in the second direction, the second plurality of word lines being at a third distance from the substrate in the third direction, the third distance being greater than the second distance, the plurality of bit lines being between the first and second plurality of word lines in the third direction, word lines of the first and second pluralities being aligned with each other in the third direction; a first plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, a channel layer of the first plurality connected to a bit line of the plurality of bit lines and facing a word line of the first plurality, an upper end of the channel layer of the first plurality contacting a side surface of the bit line and a lower surface of the bit line facing the first plurality of word lines; and a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, a channel layer of the second plurality connected to a bit line of the plurality of bit lines and facing a word line of the second plurality, a lower end of the channel layer of the second plurality contacting a side surface of the bit line and a upper surface of the bit line facing the second plurality of word lines, wherein the channel layer of the first plurality extends through a central portion of the word line of the first plurality, the channel layer of the second plurality extends through a central portion of the word line of the second plurality, a first capacitor is connected to a lower end of the channel layer of the first plurality in the third direction, and a second capacitor connected to an upper end of the channel layer of the second plurality in the direction. 21. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of first semiconductor transistors, one of the first semiconductor transistors including a gate electrode and a channel layer, the gate electrode connected to one of the first wires and one end of the channel layer connected to a first surface and a second surface of one of the second wires, the first surface facing in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions and the second surface facing in a direction intersecting the third direction; and a capacitor connected to another end of the channel layer in the third direction. 22. The semiconductor storage device according claim 21, wherein
the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material. 23. The semiconductor storage device according claim 22, further comprising:
an oxide layer between the one of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 24. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 21, wherein the second surface to which the one end of the channel layer is connected has a notched portion conforming to the outer peripheral shape of the channel layer. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction, a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of first semiconductor transistors. Each first semiconductor transistor is respectively connected between one of the plurality of first wires and one of the plurality of second wires. Each first semiconductor transistor includes a gate electrode connected to the respective first wire and a channel layer on a first surface of the second wire and also a side surface of the respective second wire.1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a plurality of first semiconductor transistors, each of the first semiconductor transistors connected to corresponding one of the plurality of first wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, each of the first semiconductor transistors including a gate electrode connected to the corresponding one of the first wires and a channel layer connected to a first surface and a side surface of the corresponding one of the second wires, the first surface facing in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions and the side surface facing in a direction intersecting the third direction. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire and adjacent to each other along the same second wire have channels that are on different side surfaces of the second wire. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of third wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the plurality of first wires in the third direction; and a plurality of second semiconductor transistors, each of the second semiconductor transistor respectively connected to corresponding one of the plurality of third wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the plurality of first wires and the plurality of third wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors and channel layers of the plurality of second semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire are aligned with each other in the third direction. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first wires comprises a first part with a first width in the second direction and a second part with a second width in the second direction that is less than the first width, the first part corresponds to the gate electrode of one of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors, and the second part is between gate electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the first wires have a first width in the second direction, the second wires have a second width in the first direction, and the second width is less than the first width. 6. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, wherein the plurality of first wires have widths in the second direction which vary along the first direction of the first wires. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of third wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the plurality of first wires in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; and a plurality of second semiconductor transistors, each of the second semiconductor transistor respectively connected to corresponding one of the plurality of third wires and corresponding one of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the plurality of first wires and the plurality of third wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors and channel layers of the plurality of second semiconductor transistors that are connected to the same second wire are offset from each other in the first direction. 8. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer between each of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material, and a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the semiconductor oxide material is indium-gallium-zinc oxide. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, wherein the material of the oxide layer is one of indium-gallium-silicon oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, or hafnium oxide. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein the material of the oxide layer is one of indium-gallium-silicon oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, or hafnium oxide. 12. The semiconductor storage device according claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of capacitors respectively connected to the channel layers of the plurality of first semiconductor transistors. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the second wire on which the channel layer is disposed has a notched portion conforming to the outer peripheral shape of the channel layer. 14. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a first plurality of first wires extending in a first direction spaced from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in the second direction and spaced from each other in the first direction, the plurality of second wires being spaced from the first plurality of first wires in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; and a first plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the first plurality facing a first wire of the first plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, each channel layer of the first plurality intersecting the first wire at a position in central portion of the first wire in the second direction and intersecting the second wire at a first outer edge of the second wire, the channel layer of the first plurality being on a surface of the second wire facing the first wire in the third direction and overlapping the first outer edge to be on a side surface of the second wire facing in the first direction. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
an oxide layer on the side surface of the second wire between the second wire and the channel layer and on the surface of the second wire between the second wire and the channel layer. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein the channel layers of the first plurality that are connected to the same second wire and adjacent to each other along the same second wire are on different side surfaces of the second wire. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
an oxide layer between each of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material, and a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a second plurality of first wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the first plurality of first wires in the third direction, a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the second plurality facing a first wire of the second plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the first plurality of first wires and the second plurality of first wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the first and second pluralities that are connected to the same second wire are offset from each other in the first direction. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a second plurality of first wires extending in the first direction and spaced from the first plurality of first wires in the third direction; and a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, each channel layer of the second plurality facing a first wire of the second plurality and connected to a second wire of the plurality of second wires, wherein the plurality of second wires are between the first plurality of first wires and the second plurality of first wires in the third direction, and the channel layers of the first and second pluralities that are connected to the same second wire are aligned with each other in the third direction. 20. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a first plurality of word lines extending in a first direction and spaced from each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the first plurality of word lines being at a first distance from a substrate in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second direction; a plurality of bit lines extending in the second direction and spaced from each other in the first direction, the plurality of bit lines being at a second distance from the substrate in the third direction, the second distance being greater than the first distance; a second plurality of word lines extending in the first direction and spaced from each other in the second direction, the second plurality of word lines being at a third distance from the substrate in the third direction, the third distance being greater than the second distance, the plurality of bit lines being between the first and second plurality of word lines in the third direction, word lines of the first and second pluralities being aligned with each other in the third direction; a first plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, a channel layer of the first plurality connected to a bit line of the plurality of bit lines and facing a word line of the first plurality, an upper end of the channel layer of the first plurality contacting a side surface of the bit line and a lower surface of the bit line facing the first plurality of word lines; and a second plurality of channel layers extending in the third direction, a channel layer of the second plurality connected to a bit line of the plurality of bit lines and facing a word line of the second plurality, a lower end of the channel layer of the second plurality contacting a side surface of the bit line and a upper surface of the bit line facing the second plurality of word lines, wherein the channel layer of the first plurality extends through a central portion of the word line of the first plurality, the channel layer of the second plurality extends through a central portion of the word line of the second plurality, a first capacitor is connected to a lower end of the channel layer of the first plurality in the third direction, and a second capacitor connected to an upper end of the channel layer of the second plurality in the direction. 21. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a plurality of first wires extending in a first direction; a plurality of second wires extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of first semiconductor transistors, one of the first semiconductor transistors including a gate electrode and a channel layer, the gate electrode connected to one of the first wires and one end of the channel layer connected to a first surface and a second surface of one of the second wires, the first surface facing in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions and the second surface facing in a direction intersecting the third direction; and a capacitor connected to another end of the channel layer in the third direction. 22. The semiconductor storage device according claim 21, wherein
the channel layer includes a semiconductor oxide material. 23. The semiconductor storage device according claim 22, further comprising:
an oxide layer between the one of the second wires and the channel layer, wherein a material of the oxide layer and the semiconductor oxide material have different compositions. 24. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 21, wherein the second surface to which the one end of the channel layer is connected has a notched portion conforming to the outer peripheral shape of the channel layer. | 2,800 |
344,312 | 16,803,781 | 2,675 | In a printing system capable of supplying a sheet of a job having undergone print processing by the printing unit of a printing apparatus to a post-processing unit capable of executing at least a specific type of post-processing among a plurality of types of post-processes, when the target job requires the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is inhibited from executing print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by a user using a user interface unit. When the target job does not require the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is permitted to execute print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by the user using the user interface unit. | 1. A printing system comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; a folder configured to perform the selected folding for the sheet on which the printer has printed the image; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform C-folding if the selection unit selects the C-folding. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the folder is configured to perform a plurality of foldings including C-folding. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of foldings includes Z-folding. 8. The system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the folder can perform the C-folding, selected by the user. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding as the information. 11. A display method comprising:
selecting a folding; and displaying information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 12. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 13. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected in the selecting. 14. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the folding is selected in the selection as copy settings. 15. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising receiving a print start instruction,
wherein, when the print start instruction is received, the displaying is performed. 16. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing the selected folding for the sheet on which an image has been printed. 17. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing C-folding and Z-folding. 18. The display method according to claim 14, further comprising:
selecting a size of a sheet to be printed based on a size of an original; and displaying an auto-selecting-button for the selecting in an unavailable manner in a case where the selected folding is selected in the selecting. 19. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. 20. A printing apparatus comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected. 23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 24. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 25. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the C-folding is able to be performed, selected by the user. 27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. | In a printing system capable of supplying a sheet of a job having undergone print processing by the printing unit of a printing apparatus to a post-processing unit capable of executing at least a specific type of post-processing among a plurality of types of post-processes, when the target job requires the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is inhibited from executing print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by a user using a user interface unit. When the target job does not require the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is permitted to execute print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by the user using the user interface unit.1. A printing system comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; a folder configured to perform the selected folding for the sheet on which the printer has printed the image; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform C-folding if the selection unit selects the C-folding. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the folder is configured to perform a plurality of foldings including C-folding. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of foldings includes Z-folding. 8. The system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the folder can perform the C-folding, selected by the user. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding as the information. 11. A display method comprising:
selecting a folding; and displaying information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 12. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 13. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected in the selecting. 14. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the folding is selected in the selection as copy settings. 15. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising receiving a print start instruction,
wherein, when the print start instruction is received, the displaying is performed. 16. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing the selected folding for the sheet on which an image has been printed. 17. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing C-folding and Z-folding. 18. The display method according to claim 14, further comprising:
selecting a size of a sheet to be printed based on a size of an original; and displaying an auto-selecting-button for the selecting in an unavailable manner in a case where the selected folding is selected in the selecting. 19. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. 20. A printing apparatus comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected. 23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 24. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 25. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the C-folding is able to be performed, selected by the user. 27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. | 2,600 |
344,313 | 16,803,790 | 1,761 | In a printing system capable of supplying a sheet of a job having undergone print processing by the printing unit of a printing apparatus to a post-processing unit capable of executing at least a specific type of post-processing among a plurality of types of post-processes, when the target job requires the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is inhibited from executing print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by a user using a user interface unit. When the target job does not require the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is permitted to execute print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by the user using the user interface unit. | 1. A printing system comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; a folder configured to perform the selected folding for the sheet on which the printer has printed the image; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform C-folding if the selection unit selects the C-folding. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the folder is configured to perform a plurality of foldings including C-folding. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of foldings includes Z-folding. 8. The system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the folder can perform the C-folding, selected by the user. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding as the information. 11. A display method comprising:
selecting a folding; and displaying information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 12. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 13. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected in the selecting. 14. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the folding is selected in the selection as copy settings. 15. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising receiving a print start instruction,
wherein, when the print start instruction is received, the displaying is performed. 16. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing the selected folding for the sheet on which an image has been printed. 17. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing C-folding and Z-folding. 18. The display method according to claim 14, further comprising:
selecting a size of a sheet to be printed based on a size of an original; and displaying an auto-selecting-button for the selecting in an unavailable manner in a case where the selected folding is selected in the selecting. 19. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. 20. A printing apparatus comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected. 23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 24. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 25. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the C-folding is able to be performed, selected by the user. 27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. | In a printing system capable of supplying a sheet of a job having undergone print processing by the printing unit of a printing apparatus to a post-processing unit capable of executing at least a specific type of post-processing among a plurality of types of post-processes, when the target job requires the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is inhibited from executing print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by a user using a user interface unit. When the target job does not require the specific type of post-processing, the printing apparatus is permitted to execute print processing of the job without explicitly determining a sheet necessary for the print processing of the job by the user using the user interface unit.1. A printing system comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; a folder configured to perform the selected folding for the sheet on which the printer has printed the image; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform C-folding if the selection unit selects the C-folding. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the folder is configured to perform a plurality of foldings including C-folding. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of foldings includes Z-folding. 8. The system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the folder can perform the C-folding, selected by the user. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the folder can perform the selected folding as the information. 11. A display method comprising:
selecting a folding; and displaying information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 12. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 13. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected in the selecting. 14. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the folding is selected in the selection as copy settings. 15. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising receiving a print start instruction,
wherein, when the print start instruction is received, the displaying is performed. 16. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing the selected folding for the sheet on which an image has been printed. 17. The display method according to claim 11, further comprising performing C-folding and Z-folding. 18. The display method according to claim 14, further comprising:
selecting a size of a sheet to be printed based on a size of an original; and displaying an auto-selecting-button for the selecting in an unavailable manner in a case where the selected folding is selected in the selecting. 19. The display method according to claim 11, wherein the displaying is displaying a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. 20. A printing apparatus comprising:
a printer configured to print an image on a sheet; a selection unit configured to select a folding; and a display configured to display information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays the information including a plurality of sizes so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which C-folding is able to be performed if the C-folding is selected. 23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the selection unit selects the folding as copy settings. 24. The apparatus according to claim 20, further comprising an input device configured to input a copy start instruction,
wherein, when the input device inputs the copy start instruction, the display displays the information so that a user recognizes a size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed. 25. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising:
a controller configured to select a size of a sheet to be printed by the printer based on a size of an original, wherein the display displays an auto-selecting-button for selecting the size selected by the controller in an unavailable manner in a case where the C-folding is selected as copy settings by the selection unit. 26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the printer prints the image on a sheet of a size, on which the C-folding is able to be performed, selected by the user. 27. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the display displays a pop-up screen including the size of a sheet on which the selected folding is able to be performed as the information. | 1,700 |
344,314 | 16,803,784 | 1,761 | A wire harness production supporting device configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing. This wire harness production supporting device is composed of a time recording section configured to, each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, store a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section, and a progress status administrating section configured to obtain a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section. | 1. A wire harness production supporting device, which is configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing, comprising:
a time recording section configured to, each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, store a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section; and a progress status administrating section configured to obtain a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section. 2. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an identification code presenting means configured to present an identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out; and a reading in means configured to read in the identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out, wherein the time recording section is configured to store, in the storing section, a time at which the identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out has been read in by the reading in means. 3. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a display device configured to display the wire laying out drawing, wherein the identification code presenting means is configured to include a code displaying section that is configured to in turn display the respective identification codes of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out on the display device in accordance with a wire laying out order of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out. 4. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 3, wherein the respective identification codes of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out are bar codes or two-dimensional codes, and the reading in means is a code reader, that is configured to be able to read in the bar codes or the two-dimensional codes. 5. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out is fitted with a respective identification mark thereon, and the wire harness production supporting device further comprises a correspondence decision section, that is configured to judge as to whether the respective identification mark and the respective identification code of each of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out having been read in by the reading in means are in correspondence with each other. 6. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an administrating display device, that is configured to display a progress status, wherein the progress status administrating section is configured to display a progress status display screen including a proportion of a number of the electric wires laid out to a total number of the electric wires to be laid out, on the administrating display device. 7. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a continuity checking section that is configured to perform a continuity checking processing on the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out, wherein the time recording section is configured to store, in the storing section, a time at which the continuity checking processing of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out with the continuity checking section has been completed. 8. A wire harness production supporting method, which is configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing, comprising:
each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, storing a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section; and obtaining a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section. | A wire harness production supporting device configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing. This wire harness production supporting device is composed of a time recording section configured to, each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, store a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section, and a progress status administrating section configured to obtain a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section.1. A wire harness production supporting device, which is configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing, comprising:
a time recording section configured to, each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, store a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section; and a progress status administrating section configured to obtain a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section. 2. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an identification code presenting means configured to present an identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out; and a reading in means configured to read in the identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out, wherein the time recording section is configured to store, in the storing section, a time at which the identification code of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out has been read in by the reading in means. 3. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a display device configured to display the wire laying out drawing, wherein the identification code presenting means is configured to include a code displaying section that is configured to in turn display the respective identification codes of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out on the display device in accordance with a wire laying out order of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out. 4. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 3, wherein the respective identification codes of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out are bar codes or two-dimensional codes, and the reading in means is a code reader, that is configured to be able to read in the bar codes or the two-dimensional codes. 5. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out is fitted with a respective identification mark thereon, and the wire harness production supporting device further comprises a correspondence decision section, that is configured to judge as to whether the respective identification mark and the respective identification code of each of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out having been read in by the reading in means are in correspondence with each other. 6. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an administrating display device, that is configured to display a progress status, wherein the progress status administrating section is configured to display a progress status display screen including a proportion of a number of the electric wires laid out to a total number of the electric wires to be laid out, on the administrating display device. 7. The wire harness production supporting device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a continuity checking section that is configured to perform a continuity checking processing on the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out, wherein the time recording section is configured to store, in the storing section, a time at which the continuity checking processing of the one of the plurality of electric wires to be laid out with the continuity checking section has been completed. 8. A wire harness production supporting method, which is configured to produce a wire harness by in turn laying out a plurality of electric wires on a wire laying out drawing, comprising:
each time one of the plurality of electric wires is laid out, storing a time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out, in a storing section; and obtaining a progress status of the production of the wire harness based on the time at which the one of the plurality of electric wires has been laid out having been stored in the storing section. | 1,700 |
344,315 | 16,803,798 | 3,636 | A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system and method adapted to provide enhanced safety and easier, more reliable means of engaging and disengaging the seatbelt for persons wearing tactical gear on the waist and chest, by providing an extender unit having an extender strap coupled with and extending from the standard seat-level receptacle or anchored in lieu of the standard seat-level receptacle, and a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to the free end of the extender strap such that the double receptacle sits generally in front of the lower torso in use, and having receptacle fittings to accommodate separate lap and shoulder straps anchored at lower and upper anchor points, respectively, with free ends terminated in buckle tabs, thereby allowing easier and safer engagement and disengagement of the seatbelt system for a person wearing tactical gear. | 1. A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus for use in a vehicle by a person wearing tactical gear upon waist and front torso, said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system comprising:
(i) an extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to a floor of the vehicle through or in place of a standard seat-level receptacle; (ii) a shoulder strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at shoulder level and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; (iii) a lap strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at floor level of the vehicle and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; and (iv) a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to a second end of said extender strap having two receptacle fittings, said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle comprising:
(a) an actuator knob having an actuator pin seat connected through an actuator knob connector to an actuator shaft having an actuator pin;
(b) a top plate having a rotator cam;
(c) a center plate having two receiving pins each having a pin spring and each adapted to engage and hold a said buckle tab;
(d) a locking plate adapted to attach to a second end of said extender strap, and having holes adapted for the passage of said receiving pins;
(e) a bottom plate defining two receiver ports, having kickouts adapted to eject said buckle tabs from said receiver ports; and
(f) a plurality of upper connectors, through connectors, and bottom connectors adapted to join together said top plate, said center plate, said locking plate, and said bottom plate;
where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle is adapted to couple and uncouple with the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap such that the coupling will hold securely under strain and will freely uncouple after such strain; where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle, in use, is located toward the front of the person's lower torso, and is easy to find by sight or feel, and easy to manipulate for coupling or uncoupling; and where the uncoupling of the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap from said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle allows said shoulder strap and said lap strap to be retracted separately and independently each of the other, thereby avoiding catching on the tactical gear. 2. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further adapted to be implemented as an original seatbelt installed in a new vehicle. 3. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further adapted to be implemented as a retrofit replacement for an existing standard three-point seatbelt. 4. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being anchored directly to the floor of the vehicle. 5. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being attached to a standard seat-level receptacle that is in turn anchored to the floor of the vehicle. 6. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said shoulder strap. 7. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said lap strap. 8. A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt method for use in a vehicle by a person wearing tactical gear upon waist and front torso, said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method comprising:
(i) providing a tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system comprising:
(a) an extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to a floor of the vehicle through or in place of a standard seat-level receptacle;
(b) a shoulder strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at shoulder level and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab;
(c) a lap strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at floor level of the vehicle and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; and
(d) a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to a second end of said extender strap having two receptacle fittings, said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle comprising:
(1) an actuator knob having an actuator pin seat connected through an actuator knob connector to an actuator shaft having an actuator pin;
(2) a top plate having a rotator cam;
(3) a center plate having two receiving pins each having a pin spring and each adapted to engage and hold a said buckle tab;
(4) a locking plate adapted to attach to a second end of said extender strap, and having holes adapted for the passage of said receiving pins;
(5) a bottom plate defining two receiver ports, having kickouts adapted to eject said buckle tabs from said receiver ports; and
(6) a plurality of upper connectors, through connectors, and bottom connectors adapted to join together said top plate, said center plate, said locking plate, and said bottom plate;
where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle is adapted to couple and uncouple with the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap such that the coupling will hold securely under strain and will freely uncouple after such strain;
(ii) using said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle at a location toward the front of the person's lower torso, where it is easy to find by sight or feel, and easy to manipulate for coupling or uncoupling; and (iii) uncoupling said buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap from said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle allowing said shoulder strap and said lap strap to be retracted separately and independently each of the other, thereby avoiding catching on the tactical gear. 9. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system is further adapted to be implemented as an original seatbelt installed in a new vehicle. 10. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system is further adapted to be implemented as a retrofit replacement for an existing standard three-point seatbelt. 11. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being anchored directly to the floor of the vehicle. 12. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being attached to a standard seat-level receptacle that is in turn anchored to the floor of the vehicle. 13. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said shoulder strap. 14. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said lap strap. | A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system and method adapted to provide enhanced safety and easier, more reliable means of engaging and disengaging the seatbelt for persons wearing tactical gear on the waist and chest, by providing an extender unit having an extender strap coupled with and extending from the standard seat-level receptacle or anchored in lieu of the standard seat-level receptacle, and a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to the free end of the extender strap such that the double receptacle sits generally in front of the lower torso in use, and having receptacle fittings to accommodate separate lap and shoulder straps anchored at lower and upper anchor points, respectively, with free ends terminated in buckle tabs, thereby allowing easier and safer engagement and disengagement of the seatbelt system for a person wearing tactical gear.1. A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus for use in a vehicle by a person wearing tactical gear upon waist and front torso, said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system comprising:
(i) an extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to a floor of the vehicle through or in place of a standard seat-level receptacle; (ii) a shoulder strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at shoulder level and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; (iii) a lap strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at floor level of the vehicle and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; and (iv) a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to a second end of said extender strap having two receptacle fittings, said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle comprising:
(a) an actuator knob having an actuator pin seat connected through an actuator knob connector to an actuator shaft having an actuator pin;
(b) a top plate having a rotator cam;
(c) a center plate having two receiving pins each having a pin spring and each adapted to engage and hold a said buckle tab;
(d) a locking plate adapted to attach to a second end of said extender strap, and having holes adapted for the passage of said receiving pins;
(e) a bottom plate defining two receiver ports, having kickouts adapted to eject said buckle tabs from said receiver ports; and
(f) a plurality of upper connectors, through connectors, and bottom connectors adapted to join together said top plate, said center plate, said locking plate, and said bottom plate;
where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle is adapted to couple and uncouple with the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap such that the coupling will hold securely under strain and will freely uncouple after such strain; where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle, in use, is located toward the front of the person's lower torso, and is easy to find by sight or feel, and easy to manipulate for coupling or uncoupling; and where the uncoupling of the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap from said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle allows said shoulder strap and said lap strap to be retracted separately and independently each of the other, thereby avoiding catching on the tactical gear. 2. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further adapted to be implemented as an original seatbelt installed in a new vehicle. 3. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further adapted to be implemented as a retrofit replacement for an existing standard three-point seatbelt. 4. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being anchored directly to the floor of the vehicle. 5. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being attached to a standard seat-level receptacle that is in turn anchored to the floor of the vehicle. 6. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said shoulder strap. 7. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system apparatus of claim 1, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said lap strap. 8. A tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt method for use in a vehicle by a person wearing tactical gear upon waist and front torso, said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method comprising:
(i) providing a tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system comprising:
(a) an extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to a floor of the vehicle through or in place of a standard seat-level receptacle;
(b) a shoulder strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at shoulder level and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab;
(c) a lap strap having at a first end an anchor point approximately at floor level of the vehicle and behind the person, and at a second end a buckle tab; and
(d) a continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle attached to a second end of said extender strap having two receptacle fittings, said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle comprising:
(1) an actuator knob having an actuator pin seat connected through an actuator knob connector to an actuator shaft having an actuator pin;
(2) a top plate having a rotator cam;
(3) a center plate having two receiving pins each having a pin spring and each adapted to engage and hold a said buckle tab;
(4) a locking plate adapted to attach to a second end of said extender strap, and having holes adapted for the passage of said receiving pins;
(5) a bottom plate defining two receiver ports, having kickouts adapted to eject said buckle tabs from said receiver ports; and
(6) a plurality of upper connectors, through connectors, and bottom connectors adapted to join together said top plate, said center plate, said locking plate, and said bottom plate;
where said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle is adapted to couple and uncouple with the buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap such that the coupling will hold securely under strain and will freely uncouple after such strain;
(ii) using said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle at a location toward the front of the person's lower torso, where it is easy to find by sight or feel, and easy to manipulate for coupling or uncoupling; and (iii) uncoupling said buckle tabs of said shoulder strap and said lap strap from said continuous two-way quarter-turn sure-release receptacle allowing said shoulder strap and said lap strap to be retracted separately and independently each of the other, thereby avoiding catching on the tactical gear. 9. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system is further adapted to be implemented as an original seatbelt installed in a new vehicle. 10. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system is further adapted to be implemented as a retrofit replacement for an existing standard three-point seatbelt. 11. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being anchored directly to the floor of the vehicle. 12. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, where said extender strap ultimately anchored at a first end to the floor of the vehicle further comprises being attached to a standard seat-level receptacle that is in turn anchored to the floor of the vehicle. 13. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said shoulder strap. 14. The tactical-gear-accommodating seatbelt system method of claim 8, further comprising providing a locking retractor, pretensioner, or web clamp on said lap strap. | 3,600 |
344,316 | 16,803,773 | 3,636 | Decoding a partially encrypted data stream may include receiving and scanning the partially encrypted data stream. Scanning the partially encrypted data stream may include identifying an encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to a first portion, identifying an encrypted portion in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted portion sentinel, and generating a decrypted data portion by decrypting the encrypted portion. Decrypting the encrypted portion may include identifying an encrypted data portion in the encrypted portion, the encrypted data portion omitting an end encrypted portion sentinel, decrypting the encrypted data portion, and identifying an end encrypted portion sentinel in the encrypted portion subsequent to the encrypted data portion. Decoding the partially encrypted data stream may include including the decrypted data portion in the decrypted output data stream, and outputting the decrypted output data stream to a client device in the second network domain. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a network device associated with provision of a network used to communicate with a data center; and a proxy device communicatively coupled between a client device and the network device, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
receive outbound data from the network device;
identify a first insensitive portion and a second insensitive portion of the outbound data;
identify a sensitive portion of the outbound data;
encrypt the sensitive portion of the outbound data to generate an encrypted payload;
generate a partially encrypted data stream at least in part by including the first insensitive portion in the partially encrypted data stream, wherein an encrypted portion sentinel is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the first insensitive portion, wherein the encrypted payload is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the encrypted portion sentinel, wherein an end encrypted portion sentinel is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the encrypted payload, and wherein the second insensitive portion is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
transmit the partially encrypted data stream to the client device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the partially encrypted data stream comprises an additional encrypted portion sentinel subsequent to the end encrypted portion sentinel. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the end encrypted portion sentinel is configured to indicate to the client device that data included in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the end encrypted portion sentinel is decrypted until the additional encrypted portion sentinel is present in the partially encrypted data stream. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the end encrypted portion sentinel comprises a different value than the encrypted portion sentinel. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine characters used as the end encrypted portion sentinel as one or more characters not included in the data values of the outbound data. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine characters used as the end encrypted portion sentinel as one or more characters unlikely to be included in the data values of the outbound data. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine the end encrypted portion sentinel as a string of characters longer than that of the data values of the outbound data. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to determine the end encrypted portion sentinel as non-character data value. 29. A method of delineating an encrypted portion of a selectively encrypted data stream, the method comprising:
receiving first data to remain unencrypted and second data to be encrypted; generating a partially encrypted data stream, wherein generating the partially encrypted data stream includes:
including the first data as an unencrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream;
encrypting the second data to generate an encrypted data portion;
including an encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the unencrypted data portion;
including the encrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted portion sentinel; and
including an end encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted data portion; and
outputting the partially encrypted data stream. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the partially encrypted data stream includes data encoded in accordance with a defined encoding scheme. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the defined encoding scheme is a Unicode encoding scheme. 32. The method of claim 30, comprising:
generating the encrypted portion sentinel as a valid code in the defined encoding scheme; generating the end encrypted portion sentinel as a valid code in the defined encoding scheme that differs from the encrypted portion sentinel; and including the unencrypted input data portion in the partially encrypted data stream includes including the unencrypted input data portion in the partially encrypted data stream as a first partially encrypted data stream portion, such that:
the first partially encrypted data stream portion includes codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme;
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits codes other than codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme;
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits the encrypted portion sentinel; and
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
the encrypted portion includes codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme, omits codes other than codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme, omits the encrypted portion sentinel, and omits the end encrypted portion sentinel. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein identifying the encrypted data portion comprises identifying encryption metadata, and wherein including the encrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream comprises:
including an encryption metadata start sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream; including the encryption metadata in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encryption metadata start sentinel, wherein the encryption metadata omits the encryption metadata start sentinel, and omits an encryption metadata end sentinel; and including the encryption metadata end sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encryption metadata. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein generating the partially encrypted data stream comprises generating the partially encrypted data stream by a server in a first network domain, wherein outputting the partially encrypted data stream comprises transmitting the partially encrypted data stream to an edge encryption proxy in a second network domain, and wherein the encrypted data portion is encrypted such that decryption information for decrypting the encrypted data portion is unavailable to the server and is available to the edge encryption proxy. 35. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to exchange a mixture of sensitive and insensitive data, the operations comprising:
receiving unencrypted data from a first computing device; identifying a first insensitive portion of the unencrypted data and a second insensitive portion of the unencrypted data; identifying a sensitive portion of the unencrypted data; encrypting the sensitive portion to generate an encrypted payload; generating a data stream at least in part by:
including the first insensitive portion in the data stream;
including an encrypted portion sentinel in the data stream after the first insensitive portion;
including the encrypted payload in the data stream after the encrypted portion sentinel;
including an end encrypted portion sentinel in the data stream after the encrypted payload; and
including the second insensitive portion in the data stream after the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
transmitting the data stream to a second computing device. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving from the second computing device associated with a first network domain, a first request for information, the first request indicating the first computing device associated with a second network domain; transmitting a second request for the information to the first computing device on behalf of the second computing device; and in response to transmitting the second request to the first computing device, receiving, from the first computing device the unencrypted data. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein generating the data stream comprise generating the data stream in accordance with a protocol used by the second computing device, the first network domain, or both. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein including the end encrypted portion sentinel comprise generating the end encrypted portion sentinel at least in part to include a non-character sequence. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein including the end encrypted portion sentinel comprise generating the end encrypted portion sentinel to include a value selected based at least in part on a determination that the value is statistically unlikely to be included in the data stream. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the operations comprise:
determining that the second computing device is a client device to have access to the sensitive portion; generating metadata based at least in part on the encrypting of the sensitive portion; and including the metadata before the encrypted payload in the data stream, wherein the metadata is delimited using an encryption metadata start sentinel and an encryption metadata end sentinel. | Decoding a partially encrypted data stream may include receiving and scanning the partially encrypted data stream. Scanning the partially encrypted data stream may include identifying an encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to a first portion, identifying an encrypted portion in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted portion sentinel, and generating a decrypted data portion by decrypting the encrypted portion. Decrypting the encrypted portion may include identifying an encrypted data portion in the encrypted portion, the encrypted data portion omitting an end encrypted portion sentinel, decrypting the encrypted data portion, and identifying an end encrypted portion sentinel in the encrypted portion subsequent to the encrypted data portion. Decoding the partially encrypted data stream may include including the decrypted data portion in the decrypted output data stream, and outputting the decrypted output data stream to a client device in the second network domain.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a network device associated with provision of a network used to communicate with a data center; and a proxy device communicatively coupled between a client device and the network device, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
receive outbound data from the network device;
identify a first insensitive portion and a second insensitive portion of the outbound data;
identify a sensitive portion of the outbound data;
encrypt the sensitive portion of the outbound data to generate an encrypted payload;
generate a partially encrypted data stream at least in part by including the first insensitive portion in the partially encrypted data stream, wherein an encrypted portion sentinel is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the first insensitive portion, wherein the encrypted payload is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the encrypted portion sentinel, wherein an end encrypted portion sentinel is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the encrypted payload, and wherein the second insensitive portion is included in the partially encrypted data stream after the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
transmit the partially encrypted data stream to the client device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the partially encrypted data stream comprises an additional encrypted portion sentinel subsequent to the end encrypted portion sentinel. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the end encrypted portion sentinel is configured to indicate to the client device that data included in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the end encrypted portion sentinel is decrypted until the additional encrypted portion sentinel is present in the partially encrypted data stream. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the end encrypted portion sentinel comprises a different value than the encrypted portion sentinel. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine characters used as the end encrypted portion sentinel as one or more characters not included in the data values of the outbound data. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine characters used as the end encrypted portion sentinel as one or more characters unlikely to be included in the data values of the outbound data. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to:
determine data values of the outbound data; and determine the end encrypted portion sentinel as a string of characters longer than that of the data values of the outbound data. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the proxy device is configured to determine the end encrypted portion sentinel as non-character data value. 29. A method of delineating an encrypted portion of a selectively encrypted data stream, the method comprising:
receiving first data to remain unencrypted and second data to be encrypted; generating a partially encrypted data stream, wherein generating the partially encrypted data stream includes:
including the first data as an unencrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream;
encrypting the second data to generate an encrypted data portion;
including an encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the unencrypted data portion;
including the encrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted portion sentinel; and
including an end encrypted portion sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encrypted data portion; and
outputting the partially encrypted data stream. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the partially encrypted data stream includes data encoded in accordance with a defined encoding scheme. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the defined encoding scheme is a Unicode encoding scheme. 32. The method of claim 30, comprising:
generating the encrypted portion sentinel as a valid code in the defined encoding scheme; generating the end encrypted portion sentinel as a valid code in the defined encoding scheme that differs from the encrypted portion sentinel; and including the unencrypted input data portion in the partially encrypted data stream includes including the unencrypted input data portion in the partially encrypted data stream as a first partially encrypted data stream portion, such that:
the first partially encrypted data stream portion includes codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme;
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits codes other than codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme;
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits the encrypted portion sentinel; and
the first partially encrypted data stream portion omits the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
the encrypted portion includes codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme, omits codes other than codes that are valid in the defined encoding scheme, omits the encrypted portion sentinel, and omits the end encrypted portion sentinel. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein identifying the encrypted data portion comprises identifying encryption metadata, and wherein including the encrypted data portion in the partially encrypted data stream comprises:
including an encryption metadata start sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream; including the encryption metadata in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encryption metadata start sentinel, wherein the encryption metadata omits the encryption metadata start sentinel, and omits an encryption metadata end sentinel; and including the encryption metadata end sentinel in the partially encrypted data stream subsequent to the encryption metadata. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein generating the partially encrypted data stream comprises generating the partially encrypted data stream by a server in a first network domain, wherein outputting the partially encrypted data stream comprises transmitting the partially encrypted data stream to an edge encryption proxy in a second network domain, and wherein the encrypted data portion is encrypted such that decryption information for decrypting the encrypted data portion is unavailable to the server and is available to the edge encryption proxy. 35. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to exchange a mixture of sensitive and insensitive data, the operations comprising:
receiving unencrypted data from a first computing device; identifying a first insensitive portion of the unencrypted data and a second insensitive portion of the unencrypted data; identifying a sensitive portion of the unencrypted data; encrypting the sensitive portion to generate an encrypted payload; generating a data stream at least in part by:
including the first insensitive portion in the data stream;
including an encrypted portion sentinel in the data stream after the first insensitive portion;
including the encrypted payload in the data stream after the encrypted portion sentinel;
including an end encrypted portion sentinel in the data stream after the encrypted payload; and
including the second insensitive portion in the data stream after the end encrypted portion sentinel; and
transmitting the data stream to a second computing device. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving from the second computing device associated with a first network domain, a first request for information, the first request indicating the first computing device associated with a second network domain; transmitting a second request for the information to the first computing device on behalf of the second computing device; and in response to transmitting the second request to the first computing device, receiving, from the first computing device the unencrypted data. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein generating the data stream comprise generating the data stream in accordance with a protocol used by the second computing device, the first network domain, or both. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein including the end encrypted portion sentinel comprise generating the end encrypted portion sentinel at least in part to include a non-character sequence. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein including the end encrypted portion sentinel comprise generating the end encrypted portion sentinel to include a value selected based at least in part on a determination that the value is statistically unlikely to be included in the data stream. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the operations comprise:
determining that the second computing device is a client device to have access to the sensitive portion; generating metadata based at least in part on the encrypting of the sensitive portion; and including the metadata before the encrypted payload in the data stream, wherein the metadata is delimited using an encryption metadata start sentinel and an encryption metadata end sentinel. | 3,600 |
344,317 | 16,803,756 | 3,636 | A communication method, a communications device, and a storage medium, where, in the method, a first communications device receives, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, where for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device assigns the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, or cancels, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. | 1. A flexible Ethernet protocol FlexE network-based communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, canceling, by the first communications device based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 3. The method according to claim 2, after the receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device, further comprising:
updating, by the first communications device, the APS protocol request, and sending an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, canceling, by the first communications device, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 7. The method according to claim 6, after the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, further comprising:
assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establishing, by the first communications device, an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and
for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. 11. A communications device, comprising:
a transceiver, configured to receive, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and a processor, configured to assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 12. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the processor is configured to: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 13. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
update the APS protocol request; and the transceiver is further configured to: send an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to a second FlexE group. 14. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 15. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assign the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, cancel the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 16. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the processor is configured to: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 17. The communications device according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
assign a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 18. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establish an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 19. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 20. The communications device according to claim 19, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. | A communication method, a communications device, and a storage medium, where, in the method, a first communications device receives, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, where for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device assigns the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, or cancels, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot.1. A flexible Ethernet protocol FlexE network-based communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, canceling, by the first communications device based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 3. The method according to claim 2, after the receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device, further comprising:
updating, by the first communications device, the APS protocol request, and sending an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, canceling, by the first communications device, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 7. The method according to claim 6, after the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, further comprising:
assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establishing, by the first communications device, an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and
for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. 11. A communications device, comprising:
a transceiver, configured to receive, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and a processor, configured to assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 12. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the processor is configured to: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 13. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
update the APS protocol request; and the transceiver is further configured to: send an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to a second FlexE group. 14. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 15. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assign the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, cancel the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 16. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the processor is configured to: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 17. The communications device according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
assign a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 18. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establish an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 19. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 20. The communications device according to claim 19, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. | 3,600 |
344,318 | 16,803,823 | 2,859 | A communication method, a communications device, and a storage medium, where, in the method, a first communications device receives, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, where for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device assigns the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, or cancels, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. | 1. A flexible Ethernet protocol FlexE network-based communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, canceling, by the first communications device based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 3. The method according to claim 2, after the receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device, further comprising:
updating, by the first communications device, the APS protocol request, and sending an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, canceling, by the first communications device, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 7. The method according to claim 6, after the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, further comprising:
assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establishing, by the first communications device, an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and
for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. 11. A communications device, comprising:
a transceiver, configured to receive, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and a processor, configured to assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 12. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the processor is configured to: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 13. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
update the APS protocol request; and the transceiver is further configured to: send an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to a second FlexE group. 14. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 15. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assign the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, cancel the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 16. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the processor is configured to: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 17. The communications device according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
assign a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 18. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establish an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 19. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 20. The communications device according to claim 19, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. | A communication method, a communications device, and a storage medium, where, in the method, a first communications device receives, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, where for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device assigns the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, or cancels, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot.1. A flexible Ethernet protocol FlexE network-based communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, the method further comprises:
receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, canceling, by the first communications device based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 3. The method according to claim 2, after the receiving, by the first communications device by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device, further comprising:
updating, by the first communications device, the APS protocol request, and sending an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot comprises:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the first communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, canceling, by the first communications device, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 7. The method according to claim 6, after the receiving, by a first communications device by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, further comprising:
assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or canceling, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the first communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the assigning, by the first communications device, a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group based on the first indication information comprises:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the first communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assigning, by the first communications device, the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned by the first communications device to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establishing, by the first communications device, an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and
for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. 11. A communications device, comprising:
a transceiver, configured to receive, by using a link corresponding to a first FlexE group, first indication information sent by a second communications device, wherein for a slot in N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communications device has assigned a FlexE client to the slot, or used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned a FlexE client to the slot, wherein N is a positive integer; and a processor, configured to assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group. 12. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, by using the link corresponding to the first FlexE group, an APS protocol request sent by the second communications device; and the processor is configured to: if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset first type, assign the FlexE client to the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group based on the first indication information; or if a type of the APS protocol request is a preset second type, cancel, based on the first indication information, the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 13. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
update the APS protocol request; and the transceiver is further configured to: send an updated APS protocol request by using a link corresponding to a second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to a second FlexE group. 14. The communications device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the first indication information or the APS protocol request is carried in a FlexE overhead frame. 15. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to:
for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, assign the FlexE client to the slot; and/or if the first indication information indicates that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot, and the communications device has assigned the FlexE client to the slot, cancel the FlexE client that has been assigned to the slot. 16. The communications device according to claim 11, wherein for the slot in the N slots of the first FlexE group, the first indication information comprises a FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot or comprises a non-assignment identifier, wherein
the FlexE client identifier corresponding to the slot is an identifier of the FlexE client assigned by the second communications device to the slot; and the non-assignment identifier is used to indicate that the second communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the slot; and the processor is configured to: for K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the first FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the first FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same. 17. The communications device according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
assign a FlexE client to a slot in N slots of a second FlexE group based on the first indication information, or cancel, based on the first indication information, a FlexE client that has been assigned to a slot in N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein the communications device is connected to a third communications device by using the link corresponding to the second FlexE group. 18. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to:
for K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group, wherein K is a positive integer not greater than N, if the FlexE client identifiers that are comprised in the first indication information and that are corresponding to the K slots of the first FlexE group are the same, and the communications device has not assigned the FlexE client to the K slots of the second FlexE group, assign the FlexE client to each of the K slots of the second FlexE group, wherein when K is greater than 1, FlexE client identifiers assigned to any two of the K slots of the second FlexE group are the same; and establish an association relationship between the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the first FlexE group and the FlexE client assigned to the K slots of the second FlexE group. 19. The communications device according to claim 17, wherein the first FlexE group comprises M11 working slots and M12 guard periods, wherein (M11+M12) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M12 is a positive integer not less than K;
the K slots in the N slots of the first FlexE group are K slots in the M12 guard periods of the first FlexE group; the second FlexE group comprises M21 working slots and M22 guard periods, wherein (M21+M22) is a positive integer not greater than N, and M22 is a positive integer not less than K; the K slots in the N slots of the second FlexE group are K slots in the M22 guard periods of the second FlexE group; and M22 is not less than M11, and M12 is not less than M21. 20. The communications device according to claim 19, wherein the K slots of the first FlexE group are in a one-to-one correspondence with the K slots of the second FlexE group; and for a slot in the K slots of the first FlexE group, a rank of the slot in the M12 guard periods is the same as a rank, of a slot that is corresponding to the slot and that is in the K slots of the second FlexE group, in the M22 guard periods. | 2,800 |
344,319 | 16,803,813 | 1,745 | Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material. | 1. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape, comprising:
a waterproof polymeric top layer having an upper surface and a lower surface; an adhesive coating on the lower surface of the polymeric top layer; a metal-containing layer adhered to the adhesive coating on the lower surface of the polymeric top layer; a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to a lower side of the metal-containing layer; and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. 2. The self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing layer comprises a metal foil bonded to a reinforcement mat. 3. A method of making a self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape, the method comprising:
applying an adhesive coating to a lower side of a polymeric layer; adhering a metal-containing layer to the adhesive coating, the metal-containing layer including a layer of metal; adhering a pressure sensitive adhesive layer to the metal-containing layer; and placing a release liner on a lower surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal-containing layer comprises a metal foil bonded to a reinforcement mat. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises modified bitumen. | Materials and methods for mitigating passive intermodulation. A membrane for reducing passive intermodulation includes a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and a continuous metal layer encapsulated between the first and second polymeric layers. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape includes a waterproof polymeric top layer, a metal-containing layer adhered by an adhesive layer to the polymeric top layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to the metal-containing layer, and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. A method of mitigating passive intermodulation includes passing a probe over an area of interest, the probe being sensitive to an intermodulation frequency of interest, and identifying a suspected source of passive intermodulation when the amplitude of the probe output exceeds a threshold at the frequency of interest. The method further includes covering the suspected passive intermodulation source with a radio frequency barrier material.1. A self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape, comprising:
a waterproof polymeric top layer having an upper surface and a lower surface; an adhesive coating on the lower surface of the polymeric top layer; a metal-containing layer adhered to the adhesive coating on the lower surface of the polymeric top layer; a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered to a lower side of the metal-containing layer; and a release liner on a bottom surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. 2. The self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing layer comprises a metal foil bonded to a reinforcement mat. 3. A method of making a self-adhesive radio frequency barrier tape, the method comprising:
applying an adhesive coating to a lower side of a polymeric layer; adhering a metal-containing layer to the adhesive coating, the metal-containing layer including a layer of metal; adhering a pressure sensitive adhesive layer to the metal-containing layer; and placing a release liner on a lower surface of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal-containing layer comprises a metal foil bonded to a reinforcement mat. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the polymeric layer comprises modified bitumen. | 1,700 |
344,320 | 16,803,769 | 1,745 | A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and a first through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the first internal electrode; a second through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the second internal electrode; first and second external electrodes formed on the first and second surfaces and connected to the first through-electrode; and third and fourth external electrodes spaced apart from the first and second external electrodes and connected to the second through-electrode, wherein the first to fourth external electrodes are sintered electrodes including nickel, and each comprises a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes. | 1. A multilayer ceramic capacitor comprising:
a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and including fifth and sixth surfaces opposing each other in a first direction, third and fourth surfaces opposing each other in a second direction, and first and second surfaces opposing each other in a third direction; a first through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the first internal electrode; a second through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the second internal electrode; first and second external electrodes formed on the first and second surfaces and connected to the first through-electrode; and third and fourth external electrodes spaced apart from the first and second external electrodes and connected to the second through-electrode, wherein the first to fourth external electrodes are sintered electrodes including nickel, and each comprises a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes, wherein the first plating layer and the second plating layer extend to and are disposed on the third and fourth surfaces of the body, respectively. 2. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a ratio (T2/T1) of a thickness (T1) of the body to a length (T2) of the first or second plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is in a range from ⅓ to ⅖. 3. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a center line average roughness (Ra) of the sintered electrode is in a range from 1 nm to 100 nm. 4. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first plating layer comprises nickel. 5. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the second plating layer comprises copper or tin. 6. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, when a thickness of the first plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is t2, and a thickness of the first plating layer disposed on the sintered electrode is t1, the multilayer ceramic capacitor satisfies the relationship t2≥t1. 7. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, when a thickness of the second plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is t4, and a thickness of the second plating layer disposed on the sintered electrode is t3, the multilayer ceramic capacitor satisfies the relationship t4t3. 8. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first and second internal electrodes comprises nickel. 9. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first and second through-electrode comprises nickel. 10. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first through-electrode comprises first and fourth connection electrodes connecting to first and second external electrodes, and
the second through-electrode comprises second and third connection electrodes connecting to third and fourth external electrodes. 11. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the first and second internal electrodes are T-shaped to be point-symmetrical to each other,
the first and fourth connection electrodes pass through a region in which the second internal electrode is not disposed, and the second and third connection electrodes pass through a region in which the first internal electrode is not disposed. 12. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the first and second internal electrodes are rectangular to be point-symmetrical to each other,
the first internal electrode comprises second and third via holes, the second internal electrode comprises first and fourth via holes, the first and fourth connection electrodes pass through the first and fourth via holes of the second internal electrode, and the second and third connection electrodes pass through the second and third via holes of the first internal electrode. 13. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 12, wherein a ratio (D1/D3) of a distance (D1) of the first and fourth connection electrodes or a distance (D1) of the second and third connection electrodes to a distance (D3) between the first via hole and the second via hole is in a range from 2.08 to 4.7. 14. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 12, wherein a ratio (D2/D3) of a diameter (D2) of the first connection electrode or the second connection electrode to a distance (D3) between the first via hole and the second via hole is in a range from 0.375 to 0.52. 15. A multilayer ceramic capacitor, comprising:
a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, the first and second internal electrodes being point-symmetrical to each other; a pair of first external electrodes disposed on a first pair of opposing surfaces of the body; a pair of second external electrodes disposed on the first pair of opposing surfaces of the body and spaced apart from the first pair of external electrodes; a first connection electrode connected to the pair of first external electrodes, passing through first via holes in the second internal electrodes and electrically isolated from the second internal electrodes; a second connection electrode connected to the pair of second external electrodes, passing through second via holes in the first internal electrodes and electrically isolated from the first internal electrodes; wherein the first and second internal electrodes are respectively connected to the first and second external electrodes by the first and second connection electrodes. 16. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the pair of first external electrodes and the pair of second external electrodes extend to a second pair of opposing surfaces of the body, the second pair of opposing surfaces connecting the first pair of opposing surfaces to each other. 17. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein a ratio (D2/D3) of a maximum width (D2) of the first connection electrode or the second connection electrode to a distance (D3) between the first via holes and the second via holes is in a range from 0.375 to 0.52. 18. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the first pair of external electrodes and the second pair of external electrodes each comprises a sintered layer, a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes. 19. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 18, wherein the sintered layer comprises nickel. 20. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the first internal electrodes, the second internal electrodes, the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode all comprise a same material composition. 21. A substrate embedding the multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15. | A multilayer ceramic capacitor includes a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and a first through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the first internal electrode; a second through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the second internal electrode; first and second external electrodes formed on the first and second surfaces and connected to the first through-electrode; and third and fourth external electrodes spaced apart from the first and second external electrodes and connected to the second through-electrode, wherein the first to fourth external electrodes are sintered electrodes including nickel, and each comprises a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes.1. A multilayer ceramic capacitor comprising:
a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, and including fifth and sixth surfaces opposing each other in a first direction, third and fourth surfaces opposing each other in a second direction, and first and second surfaces opposing each other in a third direction; a first through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the first internal electrode; a second through-electrode passing through the body and connected to the second internal electrode; first and second external electrodes formed on the first and second surfaces and connected to the first through-electrode; and third and fourth external electrodes spaced apart from the first and second external electrodes and connected to the second through-electrode, wherein the first to fourth external electrodes are sintered electrodes including nickel, and each comprises a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes, wherein the first plating layer and the second plating layer extend to and are disposed on the third and fourth surfaces of the body, respectively. 2. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a ratio (T2/T1) of a thickness (T1) of the body to a length (T2) of the first or second plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is in a range from ⅓ to ⅖. 3. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a center line average roughness (Ra) of the sintered electrode is in a range from 1 nm to 100 nm. 4. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first plating layer comprises nickel. 5. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the second plating layer comprises copper or tin. 6. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, when a thickness of the first plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is t2, and a thickness of the first plating layer disposed on the sintered electrode is t1, the multilayer ceramic capacitor satisfies the relationship t2≥t1. 7. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein, when a thickness of the second plating layer extending to the third and fourth surfaces of the body is t4, and a thickness of the second plating layer disposed on the sintered electrode is t3, the multilayer ceramic capacitor satisfies the relationship t4t3. 8. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first and second internal electrodes comprises nickel. 9. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first and second through-electrode comprises nickel. 10. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first through-electrode comprises first and fourth connection electrodes connecting to first and second external electrodes, and
the second through-electrode comprises second and third connection electrodes connecting to third and fourth external electrodes. 11. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the first and second internal electrodes are T-shaped to be point-symmetrical to each other,
the first and fourth connection electrodes pass through a region in which the second internal electrode is not disposed, and the second and third connection electrodes pass through a region in which the first internal electrode is not disposed. 12. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 10, wherein the first and second internal electrodes are rectangular to be point-symmetrical to each other,
the first internal electrode comprises second and third via holes, the second internal electrode comprises first and fourth via holes, the first and fourth connection electrodes pass through the first and fourth via holes of the second internal electrode, and the second and third connection electrodes pass through the second and third via holes of the first internal electrode. 13. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 12, wherein a ratio (D1/D3) of a distance (D1) of the first and fourth connection electrodes or a distance (D1) of the second and third connection electrodes to a distance (D3) between the first via hole and the second via hole is in a range from 2.08 to 4.7. 14. The multilayer ceramic capacitor according to claim 12, wherein a ratio (D2/D3) of a diameter (D2) of the first connection electrode or the second connection electrode to a distance (D3) between the first via hole and the second via hole is in a range from 0.375 to 0.52. 15. A multilayer ceramic capacitor, comprising:
a body including a dielectric layer, and first and second internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, the first and second internal electrodes being point-symmetrical to each other; a pair of first external electrodes disposed on a first pair of opposing surfaces of the body; a pair of second external electrodes disposed on the first pair of opposing surfaces of the body and spaced apart from the first pair of external electrodes; a first connection electrode connected to the pair of first external electrodes, passing through first via holes in the second internal electrodes and electrically isolated from the second internal electrodes; a second connection electrode connected to the pair of second external electrodes, passing through second via holes in the first internal electrodes and electrically isolated from the first internal electrodes; wherein the first and second internal electrodes are respectively connected to the first and second external electrodes by the first and second connection electrodes. 16. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the pair of first external electrodes and the pair of second external electrodes extend to a second pair of opposing surfaces of the body, the second pair of opposing surfaces connecting the first pair of opposing surfaces to each other. 17. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein a ratio (D2/D3) of a maximum width (D2) of the first connection electrode or the second connection electrode to a distance (D3) between the first via holes and the second via holes is in a range from 0.375 to 0.52. 18. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the first pair of external electrodes and the second pair of external electrodes each comprises a sintered layer, a first plating layer and a second plating layer sequentially stacked on the sintered electrodes. 19. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 18, wherein the sintered layer comprises nickel. 20. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15, wherein the first internal electrodes, the second internal electrodes, the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode all comprise a same material composition. 21. A substrate embedding the multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 15. | 1,700 |
344,321 | 16,803,806 | 3,723 | An ATV jack may include an adjustable jack leg and an engagement member configured to engage a bracket disposed on an ATV to non-pneumatically lift the ATV to enable changing of a tire. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A tie-down adaptor system comprising:
an adaptor having an opening for receiving a hook of a tie-down strap; and a threaded shaft attached to or attachable to the adaptor. 22. The-tie down adaptor system of claim 21, further comprising an engagement member attached to the threaded shaft, the engagement member having at least one hole extending therethrough, the hole being sized and shaped to receive a pin. 23. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 22, wherein the adaptor includes a generally tubular base portion, the base portion being sized to receive the engagement member attached to the threaded shaft. 24. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 22, wherein the base portion includes a plurality of holes alignable with the hole of the engagement member to facilitate placement of a pin through the engagement member and two of the plurality of holes in the adaptor. 25. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 24, wherein the adaptor has four holes in the base portion so that the holes in the adaptor can be aligned with the hole extending through the engagement member in 90-degree increments. 26. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 25, further comprising a pin extending through two of the holes in the adaptor and through the hole extending through the engagement member to hold the adaptor to the engagement member. 27. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 23, further comprising a wall extending from the generally tubular base portion, the opening being disposed in the wall. 28. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the base portion includes a plurality of holes alignable with the engagement member and wherein the opening in the wall is larger than each hole of the plurality of holes in the base portion. 29. The tie down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the opening is generally oblong. 30. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the base portion is cylindrical and wherein the wall extending from the base portion is semi-circular. 31. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 21, further comprising a strap having a hook disposed on the end thereof sized to be received in the opening. 32. A method for securing an ATV for transport, the method comprises:
attaching an adaptor to the suspension system of an ATV; and attaching a strap to the adaptor and applying force to the strap. 33. The method of securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, comprising selecting an ATV which has an engagement member attached to the suspension system and releasably attaching the adaptor to the engagement member. 34. The method of securing an ATV for transport of claim 33, wherein the adaptor has a plurality of holes and wherein the engagement member comprises a hole and wherein the method comprises inserting a pin through the adaptor and the engagement member. 35. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, wherein the strap is secured to a trailer to hold the ATV in place. 36. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, wherein the suspension is attached to two wheels and wherein the method comprises attaching a second adaptor to the suspension of an ATV and wherein the method comprising attaching the adaptors together with a strap and applying force to the strap to apply inward force on opposing sides of the suspension and thereby draw the wheels closer together. 37. A method for attaching accessories to an ATV having a suspension system, the method comprising:
attaching a mounting bracket to suspension system of the ATV; and attaching an accessory to the mounting bracket so that the accessory is held off the ground by the suspension system of the ATV. 38. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the accessory is an umbrella and wherein the umbrella comprises a stand attachable to the mounting bracket. 39. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the accessory is a lantern having a stand and wherein the method comprises attaching the stand to the ATV. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim. 40. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the method comprises attaching a table to the mounting bracket. | An ATV jack may include an adjustable jack leg and an engagement member configured to engage a bracket disposed on an ATV to non-pneumatically lift the ATV to enable changing of a tire.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A tie-down adaptor system comprising:
an adaptor having an opening for receiving a hook of a tie-down strap; and a threaded shaft attached to or attachable to the adaptor. 22. The-tie down adaptor system of claim 21, further comprising an engagement member attached to the threaded shaft, the engagement member having at least one hole extending therethrough, the hole being sized and shaped to receive a pin. 23. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 22, wherein the adaptor includes a generally tubular base portion, the base portion being sized to receive the engagement member attached to the threaded shaft. 24. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 22, wherein the base portion includes a plurality of holes alignable with the hole of the engagement member to facilitate placement of a pin through the engagement member and two of the plurality of holes in the adaptor. 25. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 24, wherein the adaptor has four holes in the base portion so that the holes in the adaptor can be aligned with the hole extending through the engagement member in 90-degree increments. 26. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 25, further comprising a pin extending through two of the holes in the adaptor and through the hole extending through the engagement member to hold the adaptor to the engagement member. 27. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 23, further comprising a wall extending from the generally tubular base portion, the opening being disposed in the wall. 28. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the base portion includes a plurality of holes alignable with the engagement member and wherein the opening in the wall is larger than each hole of the plurality of holes in the base portion. 29. The tie down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the opening is generally oblong. 30. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 27, wherein the base portion is cylindrical and wherein the wall extending from the base portion is semi-circular. 31. The tie-down adaptor system of claim 21, further comprising a strap having a hook disposed on the end thereof sized to be received in the opening. 32. A method for securing an ATV for transport, the method comprises:
attaching an adaptor to the suspension system of an ATV; and attaching a strap to the adaptor and applying force to the strap. 33. The method of securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, comprising selecting an ATV which has an engagement member attached to the suspension system and releasably attaching the adaptor to the engagement member. 34. The method of securing an ATV for transport of claim 33, wherein the adaptor has a plurality of holes and wherein the engagement member comprises a hole and wherein the method comprises inserting a pin through the adaptor and the engagement member. 35. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, wherein the strap is secured to a trailer to hold the ATV in place. 36. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim 32, wherein the suspension is attached to two wheels and wherein the method comprises attaching a second adaptor to the suspension of an ATV and wherein the method comprising attaching the adaptors together with a strap and applying force to the strap to apply inward force on opposing sides of the suspension and thereby draw the wheels closer together. 37. A method for attaching accessories to an ATV having a suspension system, the method comprising:
attaching a mounting bracket to suspension system of the ATV; and attaching an accessory to the mounting bracket so that the accessory is held off the ground by the suspension system of the ATV. 38. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the accessory is an umbrella and wherein the umbrella comprises a stand attachable to the mounting bracket. 39. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the accessory is a lantern having a stand and wherein the method comprises attaching the stand to the ATV. The method for securing an ATV for transport of claim. 40. The method for attaching accessories to an ATV of claim 37, wherein the method comprises attaching a table to the mounting bracket. | 3,700 |
344,322 | 16,803,821 | 3,723 | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, and a plurality of heaters. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The plurality of heaters are each flat-plate and arranged in line along a running direction of the fixing belt to be pressed against an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt, and the flat-plate heaters are arranged in a positional relation where a peak of a nip pressure of a nip region is downstream of a center of the nip region in the running direction of the fixing belt, the nip region being a region where the fixing belt and the pressure roller are in contact with each other. | 1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; and a plurality of flat-plate heaters arranged in line along a running direction of the fixing belt to be pressed against an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt, the flat-plate heaters being arranged in a positional relation where a peak of a nip pressure of a nip region is downstream of a center of the nip region in the running direction of the fixing belt, the nip region being a region where the fixing belt and the pressure roller are in contact with each other. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of heaters are mounted in a posture where contact surfaces thereof that come in contact with the fixing belt are parallel to each other, and the plurality of heaters include a first heater and a second heater, wherein a contact surface of the second heater projects toward the pressure roller more than a contact surface of the first heater. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the second heater is thicker than the first heater. 4. The fixing device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first support portion supporting the first heater by coming in contact with a surface of the first heater that is opposite from the contact surface; and a second support portion supporting the second heater by coming in contact with a surface of the second heater that is opposite from the contact surface, at a position more on the pressure roller side than the first support portion. 5. The fixing device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a support portion supporting the plurality of heaters by coming in contact with surfaces of the heaters that are opposite from the contact surfaces; and a spacer provided between the support portion and the second heater. 6. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, and a plurality of heaters. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The plurality of heaters are each flat-plate and arranged in line along a running direction of the fixing belt to be pressed against an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt, and the flat-plate heaters are arranged in a positional relation where a peak of a nip pressure of a nip region is downstream of a center of the nip region in the running direction of the fixing belt, the nip region being a region where the fixing belt and the pressure roller are in contact with each other.1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; and a plurality of flat-plate heaters arranged in line along a running direction of the fixing belt to be pressed against an inner peripheral surface of the fixing belt, the flat-plate heaters being arranged in a positional relation where a peak of a nip pressure of a nip region is downstream of a center of the nip region in the running direction of the fixing belt, the nip region being a region where the fixing belt and the pressure roller are in contact with each other. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of heaters are mounted in a posture where contact surfaces thereof that come in contact with the fixing belt are parallel to each other, and the plurality of heaters include a first heater and a second heater, wherein a contact surface of the second heater projects toward the pressure roller more than a contact surface of the first heater. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the second heater is thicker than the first heater. 4. The fixing device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first support portion supporting the first heater by coming in contact with a surface of the first heater that is opposite from the contact surface; and a second support portion supporting the second heater by coming in contact with a surface of the second heater that is opposite from the contact surface, at a position more on the pressure roller side than the first support portion. 5. The fixing device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a support portion supporting the plurality of heaters by coming in contact with surfaces of the heaters that are opposite from the contact surfaces; and a spacer provided between the support portion and the second heater. 6. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
344,323 | 16,803,817 | 3,723 | Transdermal sampling and analysis devices, methods, and systems are provided. The transdermal sampling and analysis device may include a substrate, at least one disruptor mounted on the substrate, at least a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode, a counter/reference electrode, and a plurality of well areas between a base structure and a lid structure. The at least one disruptor may be configured to generate a localized heat capable of altering permeability characteristics of a subject's skin. The plurality of well areas may be configured to receive a biological fluid sample. Within each well area, the first sensing electrode may be coated with a first analyte sensing layer, the second sensing electrode may be coated with a second analyte sensing layer different from the first analyte sensing layer, and the counter/reference electrode may be configured to be electrically connected to each of the first and second sensing electrodes. | 1. A transdermal sampling and analysis device comprising:
a substrate; at least one disruptor mounted on the substrate, wherein the at least one disruptor is configured to generate a localized heat capable of altering permeability characteristics of a subject's skin; at least a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode; a counter/reference electrode; and a plurality of well areas between a base structure and a lid structure, wherein the plurality of well areas are configured to receive a biological fluid sample, and wherein within each well area:
the first sensing electrode is coated with a first analyte sensing layer;
the second sensing electrode is coated with a second analyte sensing layer different from the first analyte sensing layer; and
the counter/reference electrode is configured to be electrically connected to each of the first and second sensing electrodes. 2. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the base substrate; and a lid substrate, wherein the second sensing electrode is formed on a surface of the lid substrate. 3. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 2, wherein within each well area the second sensing electrode is positioned directly opposed to the counter/reference electrode. 4. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein:
the first analyte sensing layer comprises a first enzyme immobilized within a hydrogel, wherein the first enzyme causes a reaction to determine levels of a first analyte in the biological fluid sample. the second analyte sensing layer comprises a second enzyme immobilized within a hydrogel, wherein the second enzyme cause a reaction to determine levels of a second analyte in the biological fluid sample. 5. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein the biological fluid sample comprises interstitial fluid (ISF), wherein the first analyte is glucose, and wherein second analyte is selected from alcohol or lactate. 6. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer further comprises at least one cofactor. 7. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 6, wherein the at least one cofactor comprises at least one of NAD and FAD. 8. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the first analyte sensing layer includes glucose oxidase and the second analyte sensing layer includes an oxidoreductase. 9. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 8, wherein the oxidoreductase is selected from alcohol dehydrogenases or lactate dehydrogenases. 10. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein the hydrogel of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer comprises a plurality of cross-linked hydrophilic polymer chains. 11. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 10, wherein the cross-linked hydrophilic polymer chains comprise a linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) coupled to an electron mediator. 12. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode, the second sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the base substrate; and a lid substrate. 13. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate; and a lid substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode, the second sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the lid substrate. 14. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer is coated with an anti-interferent barrier layer. 15. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 14, wherein at the anti-interferent barrier layer is charged such that charge-type repulsion prevents interfering reducing species in the biological fluid sample from reaching the at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer. 16. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 14, wherein the anti-interferent barrier layer comprises alginate. 17. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer is coated with a layer comprising at least one cofactor. 18. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 17, wherein the at least one cofactor comprises at least one of NAD and FAD. 19. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the at least one disruptor is aligned with a hole in the lid structure such that the at least one disruptor directly contacts the subject's skin. 20. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the at least one disruptor has a serpentine configuration. | Transdermal sampling and analysis devices, methods, and systems are provided. The transdermal sampling and analysis device may include a substrate, at least one disruptor mounted on the substrate, at least a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode, a counter/reference electrode, and a plurality of well areas between a base structure and a lid structure. The at least one disruptor may be configured to generate a localized heat capable of altering permeability characteristics of a subject's skin. The plurality of well areas may be configured to receive a biological fluid sample. Within each well area, the first sensing electrode may be coated with a first analyte sensing layer, the second sensing electrode may be coated with a second analyte sensing layer different from the first analyte sensing layer, and the counter/reference electrode may be configured to be electrically connected to each of the first and second sensing electrodes.1. A transdermal sampling and analysis device comprising:
a substrate; at least one disruptor mounted on the substrate, wherein the at least one disruptor is configured to generate a localized heat capable of altering permeability characteristics of a subject's skin; at least a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode; a counter/reference electrode; and a plurality of well areas between a base structure and a lid structure, wherein the plurality of well areas are configured to receive a biological fluid sample, and wherein within each well area:
the first sensing electrode is coated with a first analyte sensing layer;
the second sensing electrode is coated with a second analyte sensing layer different from the first analyte sensing layer; and
the counter/reference electrode is configured to be electrically connected to each of the first and second sensing electrodes. 2. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the base substrate; and a lid substrate, wherein the second sensing electrode is formed on a surface of the lid substrate. 3. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 2, wherein within each well area the second sensing electrode is positioned directly opposed to the counter/reference electrode. 4. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein:
the first analyte sensing layer comprises a first enzyme immobilized within a hydrogel, wherein the first enzyme causes a reaction to determine levels of a first analyte in the biological fluid sample. the second analyte sensing layer comprises a second enzyme immobilized within a hydrogel, wherein the second enzyme cause a reaction to determine levels of a second analyte in the biological fluid sample. 5. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein the biological fluid sample comprises interstitial fluid (ISF), wherein the first analyte is glucose, and wherein second analyte is selected from alcohol or lactate. 6. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer further comprises at least one cofactor. 7. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 6, wherein the at least one cofactor comprises at least one of NAD and FAD. 8. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the first analyte sensing layer includes glucose oxidase and the second analyte sensing layer includes an oxidoreductase. 9. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 8, wherein the oxidoreductase is selected from alcohol dehydrogenases or lactate dehydrogenases. 10. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 4, wherein the hydrogel of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer comprises a plurality of cross-linked hydrophilic polymer chains. 11. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 10, wherein the cross-linked hydrophilic polymer chains comprise a linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) coupled to an electron mediator. 12. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode, the second sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the base substrate; and a lid substrate. 13. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, further comprising:
a base substrate; and a lid substrate, wherein the first sensing electrode, the second sensing electrode and the counter/reference electrode are formed on a surface of the lid substrate. 14. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer is coated with an anti-interferent barrier layer. 15. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 14, wherein at the anti-interferent barrier layer is charged such that charge-type repulsion prevents interfering reducing species in the biological fluid sample from reaching the at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer. 16. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 14, wherein the anti-interferent barrier layer comprises alginate. 17. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first analyte sensing layer and the second analyte sensing layer is coated with a layer comprising at least one cofactor. 18. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 17, wherein the at least one cofactor comprises at least one of NAD and FAD. 19. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the at least one disruptor is aligned with a hole in the lid structure such that the at least one disruptor directly contacts the subject's skin. 20. The transdermal sampling and analysis device of claim 1, wherein the at least one disruptor has a serpentine configuration. | 3,700 |
344,324 | 16,803,764 | 3,723 | A package substrate, including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a multi-chip package, including the package substrate, are provided. | 1. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion; a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate; a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer. 2. The package substrate of claim 1, further comprising:
a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion; a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer; and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, wherein the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 3. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second structures include a solder resist. 4. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein the second structure has a planar area less than a planar area of the first structure. 5. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein internal wall surfaces of the first and second through-portions have a step with respect to each other. 6. The package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second through-portion has a planar area larger than a planar area of the first through-portion. 7. The package substrate of claim 2, further comprising:
a first wiring via layer penetrating through the first insulating layer in the first through-portion and connecting the first and second wiring layers to each other; and a second wiring via layer penetrating through the second insulating layer in the second through-portion and connecting the second and third wiring layers to each other. 8. The package substrate of claim 7, further comprising:
a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, wherein the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 9. The package substrate of claim 8, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 10. The package substrate of claim 1, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 11. A multi-chip package comprising:
a package substrate including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the package substrate and having first connection pads; and a second semiconductor chip disposed around the first semiconductor chip on the package substrate and having second connection pads, wherein at least one of the first connection pads and at least one of the second connection pads are connected to each other through the first wiring layer. 12. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the first wiring layer. 13. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the package substrate further includes a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion, a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer,
the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 14. The multi-chip package of claim 13, wherein the package further includes a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, and
the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 15. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the fourth wiring layer. 16. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 17. The multi-chip package of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a first connection member, and at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a second connection member,
at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a third connection member, and at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a fourth connection member, and each of the first to fourth connection members includes at least one of a metal bump and an electrical connection member. 18. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 19. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a dam-shaped structure disposed on the substrate; first patterns disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; second patterns disposed outside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; an insulating layer covering only the first patterns among the first patterns and the second patterns; a wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; and a via layer disposed in the first insulating layer and connecting the first patterns to the wiring layer. 20. The package substrate of claim 19, wherein the insulating layer is composed of a photosensitive insulating material. | A package substrate, including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a multi-chip package, including the package substrate, are provided.1. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion; a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate; a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer. 2. The package substrate of claim 1, further comprising:
a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion; a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer; and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, wherein the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 3. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second structures include a solder resist. 4. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein the second structure has a planar area less than a planar area of the first structure. 5. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein internal wall surfaces of the first and second through-portions have a step with respect to each other. 6. The package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second through-portion has a planar area larger than a planar area of the first through-portion. 7. The package substrate of claim 2, further comprising:
a first wiring via layer penetrating through the first insulating layer in the first through-portion and connecting the first and second wiring layers to each other; and a second wiring via layer penetrating through the second insulating layer in the second through-portion and connecting the second and third wiring layers to each other. 8. The package substrate of claim 7, further comprising:
a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, wherein the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 9. The package substrate of claim 8, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 10. The package substrate of claim 1, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 11. A multi-chip package comprising:
a package substrate including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the package substrate and having first connection pads; and a second semiconductor chip disposed around the first semiconductor chip on the package substrate and having second connection pads, wherein at least one of the first connection pads and at least one of the second connection pads are connected to each other through the first wiring layer. 12. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the first wiring layer. 13. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the package substrate further includes a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion, a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer,
the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 14. The multi-chip package of claim 13, wherein the package further includes a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, and
the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 15. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the fourth wiring layer. 16. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 17. The multi-chip package of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a first connection member, and at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a second connection member,
at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a third connection member, and at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a fourth connection member, and each of the first to fourth connection members includes at least one of a metal bump and an electrical connection member. 18. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 19. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a dam-shaped structure disposed on the substrate; first patterns disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; second patterns disposed outside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; an insulating layer covering only the first patterns among the first patterns and the second patterns; a wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; and a via layer disposed in the first insulating layer and connecting the first patterns to the wiring layer. 20. The package substrate of claim 19, wherein the insulating layer is composed of a photosensitive insulating material. | 3,700 |
344,325 | 16,803,763 | 3,723 | A package substrate, including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a multi-chip package, including the package substrate, are provided. | 1. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion; a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate; a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer. 2. The package substrate of claim 1, further comprising:
a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion; a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer; and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, wherein the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 3. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second structures include a solder resist. 4. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein the second structure has a planar area less than a planar area of the first structure. 5. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein internal wall surfaces of the first and second through-portions have a step with respect to each other. 6. The package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second through-portion has a planar area larger than a planar area of the first through-portion. 7. The package substrate of claim 2, further comprising:
a first wiring via layer penetrating through the first insulating layer in the first through-portion and connecting the first and second wiring layers to each other; and a second wiring via layer penetrating through the second insulating layer in the second through-portion and connecting the second and third wiring layers to each other. 8. The package substrate of claim 7, further comprising:
a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, wherein the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 9. The package substrate of claim 8, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 10. The package substrate of claim 1, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 11. A multi-chip package comprising:
a package substrate including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the package substrate and having first connection pads; and a second semiconductor chip disposed around the first semiconductor chip on the package substrate and having second connection pads, wherein at least one of the first connection pads and at least one of the second connection pads are connected to each other through the first wiring layer. 12. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the first wiring layer. 13. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the package substrate further includes a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion, a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer,
the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 14. The multi-chip package of claim 13, wherein the package further includes a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, and
the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 15. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the fourth wiring layer. 16. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 17. The multi-chip package of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a first connection member, and at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a second connection member,
at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a third connection member, and at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a fourth connection member, and each of the first to fourth connection members includes at least one of a metal bump and an electrical connection member. 18. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 19. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a dam-shaped structure disposed on the substrate; first patterns disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; second patterns disposed outside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; an insulating layer covering only the first patterns among the first patterns and the second patterns; a wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; and a via layer disposed in the first insulating layer and connecting the first patterns to the wiring layer. 20. The package substrate of claim 19, wherein the insulating layer is composed of a photosensitive insulating material. | A package substrate, including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and a multi-chip package, including the package substrate, are provided.1. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion; a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate; a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer. 2. The package substrate of claim 1, further comprising:
a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion; a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer; and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer, wherein the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 3. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein each of the first and second structures include a solder resist. 4. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein the second structure has a planar area less than a planar area of the first structure. 5. The package substrate of claim 2, wherein internal wall surfaces of the first and second through-portions have a step with respect to each other. 6. The package substrate of claim 4, wherein the second through-portion has a planar area larger than a planar area of the first through-portion. 7. The package substrate of claim 2, further comprising:
a first wiring via layer penetrating through the first insulating layer in the first through-portion and connecting the first and second wiring layers to each other; and a second wiring via layer penetrating through the second insulating layer in the second through-portion and connecting the second and third wiring layers to each other. 8. The package substrate of claim 7, further comprising:
a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, wherein the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 9. The package substrate of claim 8, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 10. The package substrate of claim 1, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 11. A multi-chip package comprising:
a package substrate including a substrate, a first structure disposed on the substrate and having a first through-portion, a first wiring layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate, a first insulating layer disposed in the first through-portion on the substrate and covering at least a portion of the first wiring layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a first semiconductor chip disposed on the package substrate and having first connection pads; and a second semiconductor chip disposed around the first semiconductor chip on the package substrate and having second connection pads, wherein at least one of the first connection pads and at least one of the second connection pads are connected to each other through the first wiring layer. 12. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the first wiring layer. 13. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the package substrate further includes a second structure disposed on the first structure and having a second through-portion, a second insulating layer disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and a third wiring layer disposed on the second insulating layer,
the second wiring layer is disposed in the second through-portion on the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer covers at least a portion of the second wiring layer. 14. The multi-chip package of claim 13, wherein the package further includes a fourth wiring layer disposed on an external side of the first structure on the substrate, and
the first and fourth wiring layers are disposed on levels corresponding to each other. 15. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein in a plan view of the multi-chip package, at least a portion of each of the first and second semiconductor chips overlaps at least a portion of the fourth wiring layer. 16. The multi-chip package of claim 14, wherein the third wiring layer includes a plurality of first pads having a first pitch,
the fourth wiring layer includes a plurality of second pads having a second pitch, and the first pitch is less than the second pitch. 17. The multi-chip package of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a first connection member, and at least one of the first connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a second connection member,
at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the first pads through a third connection member, and at least one of the second connection pads is connected to at least one of the second pads through a fourth connection member, and each of the first to fourth connection members includes at least one of a metal bump and an electrical connection member. 18. The multi-chip package of claim 11, wherein the first structure includes a dam-shaped structure, and
the first insulating layer is disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and is spaced apart from a region outside the dam-shaped structure. 19. A package substrate comprising:
a substrate; a dam-shaped structure disposed on the substrate; first patterns disposed inside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; second patterns disposed outside the dam-shaped structure and on the substrate; an insulating layer covering only the first patterns among the first patterns and the second patterns; a wiring layer disposed on the first insulating layer; and a via layer disposed in the first insulating layer and connecting the first patterns to the wiring layer. 20. The package substrate of claim 19, wherein the insulating layer is composed of a photosensitive insulating material. | 3,700 |
344,326 | 16,803,812 | 3,723 | A device includes a mounting platform selected from an eyeglass frame, a visor, a hat, a headlamp strap, a spectrally tunable lighting module adjustably mounted to the mounting platform and configured to illuminate an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands, adjust one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands, wherein the LED module includes a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of cool white LEDs, warm white LEDs, red LED, green LED, blue LED, and combinations thereof, and a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device. A system and computer program for use with the device are disclosed. | 1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive one or more lighting commands via a hands-free interface at a spectrally-tunable loupe for adjusting one or more color characteristics of light emitted from a spectrally-tunable lighting module for the loupe; communicate the one or more lighting commands for the one or more procedures to the spectrally-tunable lighting module of the loupe; and illuminate an area for performing the one or more procedures in response to the one or more lighting commands communicated to the spectrally-tunable lighting module of the loupe. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to receive the one or more lighting commands from an external device chosen from the group consisting of a computing device, a tablet, a smartphone, and a digital voice assistant. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to provide non-optical feedback to a wearer of the spectrally tunable loupe in response to receiving the one or more lighting commands. 4. The computer program product of claim 3, wherein the non-optical feedback is selected from a tone, a voice message, a vibration via a haptic transducer, and combinations thereof. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to customize the one or more lighting commands based on data from a first lighting profile. 6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first lighting profile comprises data from an network data source selected from a user account, a user profile, an LED manufacturer, a composite resin vendor, a dental practice group, and combinations thereof. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to select a lighting profile from the first lighting profile and a second lighting profile. 8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor:
to optimize shade matching in response to selection of the first lighting profile; and in response to selection of the second lighting profile, to minimize premature curing of composites by light emitted from the spectrally tunable lighting module. 9. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the lighting module to emit light with a color rendering index of at least 90 in response to selection of the first lighting profile. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to optimize the light emitted by the spectrally tunable light module for shade matching of dental composites to teeth in response to selected of the second lighting profile. 11. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to cause the spectrally tunable lighting module to:
emit light with a color temperature in a range selected from 4500K-5500K and 5000K-6500K in response to selection of the first lighting profile; and emit light with a color temperature in a range selected from 1200K-2000K, 1500K-3500K, and 2200K-3900K in response to selection of the second lighting profile. 12. A system comprising:
a head-mounted device for illuminating an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands; a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device; a spectrally tunable lighting module that adjusts one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands; and a rechargeable battery disposed within a portion of the head mounted device that supplies power to the spectrally tunable lighting module, and the LED module. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a computing device separate from the head mounted device that wirelessly communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands to the head-mounted device. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a display associated with the computing device separate from the head mounted device, wherein the display displays one or more lighting parameters of a selected lighting profile. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more lighting parameters include at last one parameter selected from color temperature and light intensity. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the computing device further comprises a sensor configured to be used as a calibration input for the spectrally tunable lighting module for determining whether light emitted from the spectrally tunable light module matches one or more expected characteristics for the predetermined lighting commands. 17. The system of claim 12, further comprising a diffuser lens disposed between the LED module and an area illuminated by light emitted from the LED module, wherein:
the diffuser lens is adjustable to align light emitted from the LED module with a focus point of one or more lenses of a loupe; and to minimize spectral inhomogeneities within the area illuminated by light emitted from the LED. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the wherein the computing device further comprises a hands-free audio interface that receives voice commands for communicating the one or more predetermined lighting commands. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computing device is selected from a tablet computing device, a smartphone, and a digital voice assistant. 20. A device comprising:
a mounting platform selected from an eyeglass frame, a visor, a hat, a headlamp strap; a spectrally tunable lighting module adjustably mounted to the mounting platform and configured to:
illuminate an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands; and
adjust one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands, wherein the LED module comprises a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of cool white LEDs, warm white LEDs, red LED, green LED, blue LED, and combinations thereof; and
a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device. | A device includes a mounting platform selected from an eyeglass frame, a visor, a hat, a headlamp strap, a spectrally tunable lighting module adjustably mounted to the mounting platform and configured to illuminate an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands, adjust one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands, wherein the LED module includes a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of cool white LEDs, warm white LEDs, red LED, green LED, blue LED, and combinations thereof, and a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device. A system and computer program for use with the device are disclosed.1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive one or more lighting commands via a hands-free interface at a spectrally-tunable loupe for adjusting one or more color characteristics of light emitted from a spectrally-tunable lighting module for the loupe; communicate the one or more lighting commands for the one or more procedures to the spectrally-tunable lighting module of the loupe; and illuminate an area for performing the one or more procedures in response to the one or more lighting commands communicated to the spectrally-tunable lighting module of the loupe. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to receive the one or more lighting commands from an external device chosen from the group consisting of a computing device, a tablet, a smartphone, and a digital voice assistant. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to provide non-optical feedback to a wearer of the spectrally tunable loupe in response to receiving the one or more lighting commands. 4. The computer program product of claim 3, wherein the non-optical feedback is selected from a tone, a voice message, a vibration via a haptic transducer, and combinations thereof. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to customize the one or more lighting commands based on data from a first lighting profile. 6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first lighting profile comprises data from an network data source selected from a user account, a user profile, an LED manufacturer, a composite resin vendor, a dental practice group, and combinations thereof. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to select a lighting profile from the first lighting profile and a second lighting profile. 8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor:
to optimize shade matching in response to selection of the first lighting profile; and in response to selection of the second lighting profile, to minimize premature curing of composites by light emitted from the spectrally tunable lighting module. 9. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the lighting module to emit light with a color rendering index of at least 90 in response to selection of the first lighting profile. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to optimize the light emitted by the spectrally tunable light module for shade matching of dental composites to teeth in response to selected of the second lighting profile. 11. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the program code is further executable by the processor to cause the processor to cause the spectrally tunable lighting module to:
emit light with a color temperature in a range selected from 4500K-5500K and 5000K-6500K in response to selection of the first lighting profile; and emit light with a color temperature in a range selected from 1200K-2000K, 1500K-3500K, and 2200K-3900K in response to selection of the second lighting profile. 12. A system comprising:
a head-mounted device for illuminating an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands; a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device; a spectrally tunable lighting module that adjusts one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands; and a rechargeable battery disposed within a portion of the head mounted device that supplies power to the spectrally tunable lighting module, and the LED module. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a computing device separate from the head mounted device that wirelessly communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands to the head-mounted device. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a display associated with the computing device separate from the head mounted device, wherein the display displays one or more lighting parameters of a selected lighting profile. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more lighting parameters include at last one parameter selected from color temperature and light intensity. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the computing device further comprises a sensor configured to be used as a calibration input for the spectrally tunable lighting module for determining whether light emitted from the spectrally tunable light module matches one or more expected characteristics for the predetermined lighting commands. 17. The system of claim 12, further comprising a diffuser lens disposed between the LED module and an area illuminated by light emitted from the LED module, wherein:
the diffuser lens is adjustable to align light emitted from the LED module with a focus point of one or more lenses of a loupe; and to minimize spectral inhomogeneities within the area illuminated by light emitted from the LED. 18. The system of claim 12, wherein the wherein the computing device further comprises a hands-free audio interface that receives voice commands for communicating the one or more predetermined lighting commands. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computing device is selected from a tablet computing device, a smartphone, and a digital voice assistant. 20. A device comprising:
a mounting platform selected from an eyeglass frame, a visor, a hat, a headlamp strap; a spectrally tunable lighting module adjustably mounted to the mounting platform and configured to:
illuminate an area based on one or more predetermined lighting commands; and
adjust one or more spectral characteristics of light emitted by an LED module of the head-mounted device in response to receiving the one or more predetermined lighting commands, wherein the LED module comprises a plurality of LEDs selected from the group consisting of cool white LEDs, warm white LEDs, red LED, green LED, blue LED, and combinations thereof; and
a hands-free interface that communicates the one or more predetermined lighting commands for one or more procedures to be performed to the head-mounted device. | 3,700 |
344,327 | 16,803,799 | 3,723 | Techniques for dehumidifying powder used as print material in a powder bed fusion (PBF) three-dimensional (3-D) system are disclosed. A hopper includes one or more ultrasonic transducers (UTs) positioned at strategic locations. When activated, the UTs use sound pressure at ultrasonic frequencies to agitate the powder particles held in the hopper. The movement of the particles drives moisture trapped between the particles into one or more desiccants. In various embodiments, the desiccants may be supported by desiccators suspended in the powder, such as via the casing of the hopper. In other embodiments, the desiccants may be desiccant bags provided in a desiccant insert. The moisture accumulates in the desiccants. Among other advantages, no separate thermal source is needed to dry the powder, which can be provided directly to the PBF 3-D system via the re-coater for depositing layers to form a build piece. | 1. A powder bed fusion (PBF) system, comprising:
a powder bed receptacle; a hopper to store powder, the hopper comprising an ultrasonic transducer configured to dehumidify the powder by driving moisture to a desiccant positioned in the hopper; and a re-coater to deposit layers of the dehumidified powder onto the powder bed. 2. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes an ultrasonic transducer circuit for controlling the ultrasonic transducer. 3. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is configured to dehumidify the powder by agitating particles of the powder using one or more ultrasonic frequencies without a separate thermal source. 4. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at a surface region in a casing of the hopper opposite the desiccant. 5. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers arranged across at least one surface region of the hopper. 6. The PBF system of claim 1, further comprising a desiccator protruding through a casing of the hopper and configured to suspend a desiccant in the stored powder. 7. The PBF system of claim 1, further comprising an energy beam source positioned above the powder bed to selectively fuse the layers of the dehumidified powder deposited by the re-coater. 8. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 9. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein a casing of the hopper comprises a receptacle for fitting the ultrasonic transducer to access the stored powder. 10. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the hopper comprises an insert for positioning the desiccant. 11. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer and the desiccant are oriented in the hopper relative to one another such that a direction of moisture propelled by an ultrasonic agitation of the powder caused by the ultrasonic transducer is toward the desiccant. 12. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the hopper comprises:
a casing for holding the powder; an insert in the casing for positioning a desiccant; an ultrasonic transducer coupled to the casing for ultrasonically agitating the powder and driving moisture to the desiccant to thereby produce dehumidified powder; and an aperture in the casing for providing the dehumidified powder to a re-coater. 13. A hopper for holding powder in a powder bed fusion (PBF) system, the hopper comprising:
a casing for holding the powder; an insert in the casing for positioning a desiccant; an ultrasonic transducer coupled to the casing for ultrasonically agitating the powder and driving moisture to the desiccant to thereby produce dehumidified powder; and an aperture in the casing for providing the dehumidified powder to a re-coater. 14. The hopper of claim 13, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 15. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the desiccant comprises a mechanical component including a fluid sink for receiving the moisture. 16. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is positioned within the casing. 17. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic transducer comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers arranged across at least one surface region of the casing. 18. A method for dehumidifying powder in a powder bed fusion (PBF) system comprising a hopper including an ultrasonic transducer, the method comprising:
receiving powder in the hopper; and de-humidifying the received powder using the ultrasonic transducer, comprising mechanically agitating the powder at one or more ultrasonic frequencies to drive moisture to a desiccant. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising depositing, by a re-coater coupled to the hopper, sequential layers of the dehumidified powder onto a powder bed during a print job. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising positioning the desiccant in a region of the hopper such that a direction of motion of the moisture is toward the desiccant. | Techniques for dehumidifying powder used as print material in a powder bed fusion (PBF) three-dimensional (3-D) system are disclosed. A hopper includes one or more ultrasonic transducers (UTs) positioned at strategic locations. When activated, the UTs use sound pressure at ultrasonic frequencies to agitate the powder particles held in the hopper. The movement of the particles drives moisture trapped between the particles into one or more desiccants. In various embodiments, the desiccants may be supported by desiccators suspended in the powder, such as via the casing of the hopper. In other embodiments, the desiccants may be desiccant bags provided in a desiccant insert. The moisture accumulates in the desiccants. Among other advantages, no separate thermal source is needed to dry the powder, which can be provided directly to the PBF 3-D system via the re-coater for depositing layers to form a build piece.1. A powder bed fusion (PBF) system, comprising:
a powder bed receptacle; a hopper to store powder, the hopper comprising an ultrasonic transducer configured to dehumidify the powder by driving moisture to a desiccant positioned in the hopper; and a re-coater to deposit layers of the dehumidified powder onto the powder bed. 2. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes an ultrasonic transducer circuit for controlling the ultrasonic transducer. 3. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is configured to dehumidify the powder by agitating particles of the powder using one or more ultrasonic frequencies without a separate thermal source. 4. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at a surface region in a casing of the hopper opposite the desiccant. 5. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers arranged across at least one surface region of the hopper. 6. The PBF system of claim 1, further comprising a desiccator protruding through a casing of the hopper and configured to suspend a desiccant in the stored powder. 7. The PBF system of claim 1, further comprising an energy beam source positioned above the powder bed to selectively fuse the layers of the dehumidified powder deposited by the re-coater. 8. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 9. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein a casing of the hopper comprises a receptacle for fitting the ultrasonic transducer to access the stored powder. 10. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the hopper comprises an insert for positioning the desiccant. 11. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer and the desiccant are oriented in the hopper relative to one another such that a direction of moisture propelled by an ultrasonic agitation of the powder caused by the ultrasonic transducer is toward the desiccant. 12. The PBF system of claim 1, wherein the hopper comprises:
a casing for holding the powder; an insert in the casing for positioning a desiccant; an ultrasonic transducer coupled to the casing for ultrasonically agitating the powder and driving moisture to the desiccant to thereby produce dehumidified powder; and an aperture in the casing for providing the dehumidified powder to a re-coater. 13. A hopper for holding powder in a powder bed fusion (PBF) system, the hopper comprising:
a casing for holding the powder; an insert in the casing for positioning a desiccant; an ultrasonic transducer coupled to the casing for ultrasonically agitating the powder and driving moisture to the desiccant to thereby produce dehumidified powder; and an aperture in the casing for providing the dehumidified powder to a re-coater. 14. The hopper of claim 13, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 15. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the desiccant comprises a mechanical component including a fluid sink for receiving the moisture. 16. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is positioned within the casing. 17. The hopper of claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic transducer comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers arranged across at least one surface region of the casing. 18. A method for dehumidifying powder in a powder bed fusion (PBF) system comprising a hopper including an ultrasonic transducer, the method comprising:
receiving powder in the hopper; and de-humidifying the received powder using the ultrasonic transducer, comprising mechanically agitating the powder at one or more ultrasonic frequencies to drive moisture to a desiccant. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising depositing, by a re-coater coupled to the hopper, sequential layers of the dehumidified powder onto a powder bed during a print job. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the desiccant comprises a desiccant bag. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising positioning the desiccant in a region of the hopper such that a direction of motion of the moisture is toward the desiccant. | 3,700 |
344,328 | 16,803,810 | 3,723 | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, a heater, and a reserving portion. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The heater is provided to face the pressure roller across the fixing belt and pressed against the fixing belt. The reserving portion is provided within a contact range of the heater and the fixing belt, and has a reserving space for reserving a lubricant, wherein at least a part of the reserving space on the fixing belt side is open. | 1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; a heater provided to face the pressure roller across the fixing belt and pressed against the fixing belt; and a reserving portion provided within a contact range of the heater and the fixing belt, and having a reserving space for reserving a lubricant, wherein at least a part of the reserving space on the fixing belt side is open. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein
the reserving portion is provided at an upstream end of the heater in a running direction of the fixing belt. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the heater includes a substrate, wherein a cut portion is formed at an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, the fixing device further comprising: a heater support portion configured to come in contact with an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction and a back surface of the substrate to support the heater, wherein the reserving portion is a recessed portion formed by the heater support portion and the cut portion of the substrate. 4. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of cut portions formed in line along a width direction of the fixing belt. 5. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the cut portions include a first cut portion and a second cut portion, the first cut portion including a first wall surface that faces in a direction between a direction opposite to the running direction and a first direction that is one of opposite directions of the width direction, the second cut portion including a second wall surface that faces in a direction between the direction opposite to the running direction and a second direction that is the other of the opposite directions of the width direction, and the fixing belt and the heater are arranged in a positional relation where: an upstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of a surface of the substrate and the first wall surface; and a downstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of the surface of the substrate and the second wall surface. 6. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate is formed in a shape that allows a specific end portion of the substrate to be fitted with the specific end portion of another substrate, the specific end portion including the cut portion. 7. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a pressure roller, a heater, and a reserving portion. The pressure roller is provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt. The heater is provided to face the pressure roller across the fixing belt and pressed against the fixing belt. The reserving portion is provided within a contact range of the heater and the fixing belt, and has a reserving space for reserving a lubricant, wherein at least a part of the reserving space on the fixing belt side is open.1. A fixing device comprising:
a fixing belt; a pressure roller provided in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the fixing belt; a heater provided to face the pressure roller across the fixing belt and pressed against the fixing belt; and a reserving portion provided within a contact range of the heater and the fixing belt, and having a reserving space for reserving a lubricant, wherein at least a part of the reserving space on the fixing belt side is open. 2. The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein
the reserving portion is provided at an upstream end of the heater in a running direction of the fixing belt. 3. The fixing device according to claim 2, wherein
the heater includes a substrate, wherein a cut portion is formed at an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction, the fixing device further comprising: a heater support portion configured to come in contact with an upstream end of the substrate in the running direction and a back surface of the substrate to support the heater, wherein the reserving portion is a recessed portion formed by the heater support portion and the cut portion of the substrate. 4. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of cut portions formed in line along a width direction of the fixing belt. 5. The fixing device according to claim 4, wherein
the cut portions include a first cut portion and a second cut portion, the first cut portion including a first wall surface that faces in a direction between a direction opposite to the running direction and a first direction that is one of opposite directions of the width direction, the second cut portion including a second wall surface that faces in a direction between the direction opposite to the running direction and a second direction that is the other of the opposite directions of the width direction, and the fixing belt and the heater are arranged in a positional relation where: an upstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of a surface of the substrate and the first wall surface; and a downstream end portion of the fixing belt in the first direction faces a corner portion that is formed of the surface of the substrate and the second wall surface. 6. The fixing device according to claim 3, wherein
the substrate is formed in a shape that allows a specific end portion of the substrate to be fitted with the specific end portion of another substrate, the specific end portion including the cut portion. 7. An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet by using the fixing device according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
344,329 | 16,803,797 | 3,723 | The present disclosure provides alloys for coating a steel substrate, the alloys comprising aluminum and one or more of zinc, magnesium, and zirconium. The alloy coatings have a percent total pore volume of about 5% or less and an average pore diameter about 10 microns or less. The present disclosure further provides methods of depositing aluminum alloy onto a substrate, magnetron sputtering targets, and methods for making coated steel. | 1. A method of magnetron sputtering an aluminum alloy coating onto a substrate, the method comprising:
flowing a sputter gas to a processing region of a process chamber, the process chamber having an aluminum alloy sputter target comprising one or more of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy,
about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, or
about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy;
delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas; and depositing the aluminum alloy coating onto the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sputter gas is argon. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering an average power from 2 W/cm2 to 12 W/cm2. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering a maximum sputter current from about 0.1 A to about 2 A. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering a maximum power from about 0.3 kW to about 5 kW. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing is performed at a deposition rate from about 2 micrometers per hour to about 3 micrometers per hour. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein depositing is performed at a DC power of about 300 Watts. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising evacuating the chamber with a high vacuum pump at a pressure below 5×10−4 Torr before providing the sputter gas. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing comprises applying a magnetic field of less than 300 Gauss to the chamber. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is rotated at a rate of about 20 revolutions per minute to about 200 revolutions per minute during deposition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a distance between a surface of the target and a surface of the substrate is from about 6 cm to about 10 cm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises:
delivering an average power from 2 W/cm2 to 12 W/cm2;
delivering a maximum sputter current from about 0.1 A to about 2 A; and
delivering a maximum power from about 0.3 kW to about 5 kW;
depositing is performed at a deposition rate from about 2 micrometers per hour to about 3 micrometers per hour; depositing is performed at a DC power of about 300 Watts; depositing comprises applying a magnetic field of less than 300 Gauss to the chamber; the substrate is rotated at a rate of about 20 revolutions per minute to about 200 revolutions per minute during deposition; and the method further comprises evacuating the chamber with a high vacuum pump at a pressure below 5×10−4 Torr before providing the sputter gas. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises steel. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating comprises:
aluminum; and one or more of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy,
about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, or
about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises each of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, and about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating has a percent total pore volume of about 5% or less. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating has an average pore diameter about 10 microns or less. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises zinc from about 5 wt % to about 12 wt %. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises magnesium from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the alloy. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 5 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 9 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 1 wt % Zr based on the total weight of the alloy. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises:
an alloy comprising 5 wt % Mg and 95 wt % Al, an alloy comprising 5 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, and 90 wt % Al, an alloy comprising 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, and 86 wt % Al, or an alloy comprising 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, 1 wt % Zr and 85 wt % Al. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the alloy comprises 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, 1 wt % Zr and 85 wt % Al. 28. The method of claim 19, wherein 10% or less of total pores of the alloy coating have a pore diameter greater than 0.5 microns. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 50 μm. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating has a thickness of about 2 μm to about 30 μm. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating is configured to not fracture at about 2,965 Kg load for 200 hours according to ASTM F 519. 32. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
depositing an intermediate layer onto the substrate before depositing the alloy coating onto the substrate, wherein depositing the alloy coating onto the substrate comprises depositing the alloy coating onto the intermediate layer. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a metal oxide, nitride, carbide, metal-oxynitride, or combination(s) thereof. | The present disclosure provides alloys for coating a steel substrate, the alloys comprising aluminum and one or more of zinc, magnesium, and zirconium. The alloy coatings have a percent total pore volume of about 5% or less and an average pore diameter about 10 microns or less. The present disclosure further provides methods of depositing aluminum alloy onto a substrate, magnetron sputtering targets, and methods for making coated steel.1. A method of magnetron sputtering an aluminum alloy coating onto a substrate, the method comprising:
flowing a sputter gas to a processing region of a process chamber, the process chamber having an aluminum alloy sputter target comprising one or more of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy,
about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, or
about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy;
delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas; and depositing the aluminum alloy coating onto the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sputter gas is argon. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering an average power from 2 W/cm2 to 12 W/cm2. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering a maximum sputter current from about 0.1 A to about 2 A. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises delivering a maximum power from about 0.3 kW to about 5 kW. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing is performed at a deposition rate from about 2 micrometers per hour to about 3 micrometers per hour. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein depositing is performed at a DC power of about 300 Watts. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising evacuating the chamber with a high vacuum pump at a pressure below 5×10−4 Torr before providing the sputter gas. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing comprises applying a magnetic field of less than 300 Gauss to the chamber. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is rotated at a rate of about 20 revolutions per minute to about 200 revolutions per minute during deposition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a distance between a surface of the target and a surface of the substrate is from about 6 cm to about 10 cm. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
delivering an energy pulse to the sputter gas comprises:
delivering an average power from 2 W/cm2 to 12 W/cm2;
delivering a maximum sputter current from about 0.1 A to about 2 A; and
delivering a maximum power from about 0.3 kW to about 5 kW;
depositing is performed at a deposition rate from about 2 micrometers per hour to about 3 micrometers per hour; depositing is performed at a DC power of about 300 Watts; depositing comprises applying a magnetic field of less than 300 Gauss to the chamber; the substrate is rotated at a rate of about 20 revolutions per minute to about 200 revolutions per minute during deposition; and the method further comprises evacuating the chamber with a high vacuum pump at a pressure below 5×10−4 Torr before providing the sputter gas. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises steel. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sputter target comprises about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating comprises:
aluminum; and one or more of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy,
about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, or
about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises each of:
about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy, and about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % zirconium based on the total weight of the alloy. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating has a percent total pore volume of about 5% or less. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating has an average pore diameter about 10 microns or less. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises zinc from about 5 wt % to about 12 wt %. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises magnesium from about 1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the alloy. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 5 wt % magnesium based on the total weight of the alloy. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 9 wt % zinc based on the total weight of the alloy. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the alloy coating comprises about 1 wt % Zr based on the total weight of the alloy. 26. The method of claim 17, wherein the alloy coating comprises:
an alloy comprising 5 wt % Mg and 95 wt % Al, an alloy comprising 5 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, and 90 wt % Al, an alloy comprising 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, and 86 wt % Al, or an alloy comprising 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, 1 wt % Zr and 85 wt % Al. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the alloy comprises 9 wt % Zn, 5 wt % Mg, 1 wt % Zr and 85 wt % Al. 28. The method of claim 19, wherein 10% or less of total pores of the alloy coating have a pore diameter greater than 0.5 microns. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 50 μm. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating has a thickness of about 2 μm to about 30 μm. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy coating is configured to not fracture at about 2,965 Kg load for 200 hours according to ASTM F 519. 32. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
depositing an intermediate layer onto the substrate before depositing the alloy coating onto the substrate, wherein depositing the alloy coating onto the substrate comprises depositing the alloy coating onto the intermediate layer. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a metal oxide, nitride, carbide, metal-oxynitride, or combination(s) thereof. | 3,700 |
344,330 | 16,803,766 | 3,723 | A method of remotely activating a transaction device includes receiving, at a computing system, a mobile device identifier from a mobile application executed on a mobile device. A selection of the transaction device is received from the application. The selection includes an identifier of the transaction device. A selection of a transaction amount related to purchase of a product is received from the application. An authorization request for a payment account associated with the mobile device is communicated to an issuer of the payment account. The authorization request is for a transaction of at least the transaction amount. An authorization approval for the transaction is received from the issuer and a signal to activate the transaction device to dispense the product is sent based on the identifier. The transaction device is deactivated upon dispensing the transaction amount and a receipt of the transaction is provided to the mobile device. | 1. A method of remotely activating a transaction device, the method comprising:
enrolling, by a computing system, a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, by the computing system from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, by the computing system from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, by the computing system from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing, by the computing system, the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
storing the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receiving, subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device; receiving, at the computing system from the mobile device, an identification of a transaction device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device; receiving, at the computing system from the transaction device, a first authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device; receiving, at the computing system, location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device; comparing, by the computing system, the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device; determining an authorization status of the authorization request; and transmitting, by the computing system, a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 2. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
deactivating the transaction device upon dispensing a product associated with the transaction; and providing a receipt of the transaction to the mobile device. 3. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the computing system from the mobile device, an indication of a transaction amount related to a purchase of a product associated with the transaction, wherein the authorization request comprises a purchase amount based at least part on the transaction amount. 4. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 3, wherein:
the transaction amount comprises one or more of a dollar amount or a quantity of the product to be dispensed. 5. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a product to be dispensed. 6. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, wherein:
the transaction device comprises a fuel pump; and the method further comprises sending a notification to the mobile device that the fuel pump is ready for use. 7. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 6, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a fuel grade. 8. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the location information from the mobile device does not correspond to the location information from the transaction device; communicating one or more challenge questions to the mobile device in response to determine that the location information from the mobile device does not correspond to the location information from the transaction device; receiving a response to the one or more challenge questions from the mobile device; and authenticating the transaction based on the response. 9. A computing system for remotely activating a transaction device, comprising:
a communications interface; at least one processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing system to:
enroll a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, using the communications interface from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, using the communications interface from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, using the communications interface from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
store the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receive, using the communications interface subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device;
receive, using the communications interface from the mobile device, an identification of a transaction device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device;
receive, using the communications interface from the transaction device, an authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device;
receive, using the communications interface, location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device;
compare the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device;
determine an authorization status of the authorization request; and
send, using the communications interface, a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 10. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving from a point of sale device of a merchant using the communications interface, payment information associated with one or more payment accounts, including the payment account, and originating from a use of the one or more payment accounts at the point of sale device during one or more purchase transactions;
storing the payment information; and
associating the mobile device identifier with the payment information. 11. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 10, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
sending a communication to the mobile device, the communication providing access to a download for a mobile application associated with the merchant. 12. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
the signal causes the transaction device to dispense a product associated with the transaction. 13. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to determine the authorization status cause the computing system to:
transmit, using the communications interface to an issuer of the payment account, the authorization request for the payment account; and
receive, using the communications interface, an authorization approval for the transaction from the issuer. 14. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving authentication credentials comprising a user identifier and password from a mobile application being executed on the mobile device; and
creating a user account associated with the mobile device identifier, the payment information, the authentication credentials, and one or both of the first user identity information and the second user identity information. 15. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
enroll a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
storing the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receive, subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device; receive an identification of a transaction device from the mobile device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device; receive, from the transaction device, an authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device; receive location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device; compare the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device; determine an authorization status of the authorization request; and send a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the signal causes the transaction device to dispense a product associated with the transaction. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
deactivate the transaction device upon dispensing a product associated with the transaction. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a product to be dispensed. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the location information from the mobile device does not match the location information from the transaction device; communicate one or more challenge questions to the mobile device in response to determine that the location information from the mobile device does not match the location information from the transaction device; receive a response to the one or more challenge questions from the mobile device; and authenticate the transaction based on the response. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving authentication credentials comprising a user identifier and password from a mobile application being executed on the mobile device; and
creating a user account associated with the mobile device identifier, the payment account information, the authentication credentials, and one or both of the first user identity information and the second user identity information. | A method of remotely activating a transaction device includes receiving, at a computing system, a mobile device identifier from a mobile application executed on a mobile device. A selection of the transaction device is received from the application. The selection includes an identifier of the transaction device. A selection of a transaction amount related to purchase of a product is received from the application. An authorization request for a payment account associated with the mobile device is communicated to an issuer of the payment account. The authorization request is for a transaction of at least the transaction amount. An authorization approval for the transaction is received from the issuer and a signal to activate the transaction device to dispense the product is sent based on the identifier. The transaction device is deactivated upon dispensing the transaction amount and a receipt of the transaction is provided to the mobile device.1. A method of remotely activating a transaction device, the method comprising:
enrolling, by a computing system, a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, by the computing system from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, by the computing system from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, by the computing system from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing, by the computing system, the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
storing the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receiving, subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device; receiving, at the computing system from the mobile device, an identification of a transaction device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device; receiving, at the computing system from the transaction device, a first authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device; receiving, at the computing system, location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device; comparing, by the computing system, the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device; determining an authorization status of the authorization request; and transmitting, by the computing system, a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 2. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
deactivating the transaction device upon dispensing a product associated with the transaction; and providing a receipt of the transaction to the mobile device. 3. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the computing system from the mobile device, an indication of a transaction amount related to a purchase of a product associated with the transaction, wherein the authorization request comprises a purchase amount based at least part on the transaction amount. 4. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 3, wherein:
the transaction amount comprises one or more of a dollar amount or a quantity of the product to be dispensed. 5. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a product to be dispensed. 6. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, wherein:
the transaction device comprises a fuel pump; and the method further comprises sending a notification to the mobile device that the fuel pump is ready for use. 7. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 6, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a fuel grade. 8. The method of remotely activating a transaction device of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the location information from the mobile device does not correspond to the location information from the transaction device; communicating one or more challenge questions to the mobile device in response to determine that the location information from the mobile device does not correspond to the location information from the transaction device; receiving a response to the one or more challenge questions from the mobile device; and authenticating the transaction based on the response. 9. A computing system for remotely activating a transaction device, comprising:
a communications interface; at least one processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing system to:
enroll a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, using the communications interface from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, using the communications interface from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, using the communications interface from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
store the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receive, using the communications interface subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device;
receive, using the communications interface from the mobile device, an identification of a transaction device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device;
receive, using the communications interface from the transaction device, an authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device;
receive, using the communications interface, location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device;
compare the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device;
determine an authorization status of the authorization request; and
send, using the communications interface, a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 10. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving from a point of sale device of a merchant using the communications interface, payment information associated with one or more payment accounts, including the payment account, and originating from a use of the one or more payment accounts at the point of sale device during one or more purchase transactions;
storing the payment information; and
associating the mobile device identifier with the payment information. 11. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 10, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
sending a communication to the mobile device, the communication providing access to a download for a mobile application associated with the merchant. 12. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
the signal causes the transaction device to dispense a product associated with the transaction. 13. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
the instructions to determine the authorization status cause the computing system to:
transmit, using the communications interface to an issuer of the payment account, the authorization request for the payment account; and
receive, using the communications interface, an authorization approval for the transaction from the issuer. 14. The computing system for remotely activating a transaction device of claim 9, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving authentication credentials comprising a user identifier and password from a mobile application being executed on the mobile device; and
creating a user account associated with the mobile device identifier, the payment information, the authentication credentials, and one or both of the first user identity information and the second user identity information. 15. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
enroll a mobile device for use in mobile transactions, wherein enrolling the mobile device comprises:
receiving, from the mobile device, a mobile device identifier associated with the mobile device;
receiving, from a carrier network provider of the mobile device, first user identity information associated with a user of the mobile device;
receiving, from a financial institution, payment account information associated with a payment account and second user identity information associated with a user of the payment account;
comparing the first user identity information with the second user identity information to verify that the user of the mobile device and the user of the payment account are the same; and
storing the first user identity information and the second user identity information;
receive, subsequent to enrolling the mobile device, the mobile device identifier from the mobile device; receive an identification of a transaction device from the mobile device, the identification comprising an identifier associated with the transaction device; receive, from the transaction device, an authorization request associated with the payment account for a transaction at the transaction device; receive location information from the mobile device and location information from the transaction device; compare the location information from the mobile device with the location information from the transaction device to determine whether the mobile device is in proximity to the transaction device; determine an authorization status of the authorization request; and send a signal to activate the transaction device to complete the transaction, wherein the signal is transmitted based on the identifier associated with the transaction device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
the signal causes the transaction device to dispense a product associated with the transaction. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
deactivate the transaction device upon dispensing a product associated with the transaction. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the selection of the transaction device further comprises receiving a selection of a product to be dispensed. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:
determine that the location information from the mobile device does not match the location information from the transaction device; communicate one or more challenge questions to the mobile device in response to determine that the location information from the mobile device does not match the location information from the transaction device; receive a response to the one or more challenge questions from the mobile device; and authenticate the transaction based on the response. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein:
enrolling the mobile device further comprises:
receiving authentication credentials comprising a user identifier and password from a mobile application being executed on the mobile device; and
creating a user account associated with the mobile device identifier, the payment account information, the authentication credentials, and one or both of the first user identity information and the second user identity information. | 3,700 |
344,331 | 16,803,794 | 3,723 | Systems and methods herein recognize that form factors executing personal computer (PC) operating systems experience limited connectivity when traveling between WiFi connections and/or wired connections. Not only does this limit research capabilities of the PC form factor while between WiFi and/or wired connections, but the limitations place data integrity at risk. Systems and methods herein monitor for conditions that cause data integrity risks and seamlessly implement solutions that resolve, reduce, and/or manage identified data integrity risk conditions at least by simplifying a user's ability to identify and connect to networks, which offer data integrity risk solutions. | 1. A system for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system comprising:
at least one memory; at least one processor, coupled to the memory, that:
monitors connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC;
based at least on the monitoring, detects one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis,
based on the triggering, performs the connectivity analysis, which at least determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections;
based at least on the connectivity analysis, generates an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; and
an interactive graphical user interface that at least:
displays the generated interactive notification, and
obtains selection input indicating a preferred connection between the existing WiFi connection and the one or more target cellular connections. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor further at least:
monitors accessibility of a plurality of target cellular connections; and the connectivity analysis determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of accessible ones of the one or more target cellular connections. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the connectivity analysis is triggered at least by a detected condition, of the one or more conditions, that indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 4. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a cellular modem that establishes a background cellular connection to a cellular network, and
wherein responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, the at least one processor executes a foreground online application that causes the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor further obtains input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections, and
wherein the cellular modem, responsive to the input, establishes a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input and disconnects the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the one or more conditions is a threshold bandwidth measurement. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that:
a connection to the existing WiFi connection is not a secure connection; and a connection to the one or more target cellular connections is a secure connection. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that the at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections indicates a higher bandwidth measurement than the existing WiFi connection. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; bandwidth measurements; quality of service measurements; foreground apps running on the mobile PC; background apps running on the mobile PC; a detected location of the mobile PC; data usage measurements; user preference settings; and usage patterns of the mobile PC. 10. A method for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system comprising:
monitoring, by at least one processor, connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC; based at least on the monitoring, detecting one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis, based on the triggering, performing the connectivity analysis at least by determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections; based at least on the connectivity analysis, generating an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; displaying the generated interactive notification on an interactive graphical user interface; and obtaining selection input indicating a preferred connection between the existing WiFi connection and the one or more target cellular connections. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
monitoring accessibility of a plurality of target cellular connections; and
determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of accessible ones of the one or more target cellular connections. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the connectivity analysis is triggered at least by a detected condition, of the one or more conditions, that indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
establishing, by a cellular modem, a background cellular connection to a cellular network; and
responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, executing a foreground online application causing the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
obtaining input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections;
responsive to the input, establishing, by the cellular modem, a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input; and
disconnecting the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of the one or more conditions is a threshold bandwidth measurement. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that:
a connection to the existing WiFi connection is not a secure connection; and a connection to the one or more target cellular connections is a secure connection. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more conditions of the WiFi network that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; bandwidth measurements; quality of service measurements; foreground apps running on the mobile PC; background apps running on the mobile PC; a detected location of the mobile PC; data usage measurements; user preference settings; and usage patterns of the mobile PC. 18. One or more computer storage devices having computer-executable instructions stored thereon for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system, which, on execution by a computer, cause the computer to perform operations comprising:
monitoring connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC; based at least on the monitoring, detecting one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis; establishing, by a cellular modem, a background cellular connection to a cellular network; based on the triggering, performing the connectivity analysis at least by determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections; based at least on the connectivity analysis, generating an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; displaying the generated interactive notification on an interactive graphical user interface; obtaining selection input indicating which connection is preferred; responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, executing a foreground online application causing the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections; obtaining input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections; responsive to the input, establishing, by the cellular modem, a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input; and disconnecting the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 19. The one or more computer storage devices of claim 18 wherein at least one of the one or more detected conditions indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 20. The one or more computer storage devices of claim 18 wherein the one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; and
a detected location of the mobile PC. | Systems and methods herein recognize that form factors executing personal computer (PC) operating systems experience limited connectivity when traveling between WiFi connections and/or wired connections. Not only does this limit research capabilities of the PC form factor while between WiFi and/or wired connections, but the limitations place data integrity at risk. Systems and methods herein monitor for conditions that cause data integrity risks and seamlessly implement solutions that resolve, reduce, and/or manage identified data integrity risk conditions at least by simplifying a user's ability to identify and connect to networks, which offer data integrity risk solutions.1. A system for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system comprising:
at least one memory; at least one processor, coupled to the memory, that:
monitors connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC;
based at least on the monitoring, detects one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis,
based on the triggering, performs the connectivity analysis, which at least determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections;
based at least on the connectivity analysis, generates an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; and
an interactive graphical user interface that at least:
displays the generated interactive notification, and
obtains selection input indicating a preferred connection between the existing WiFi connection and the one or more target cellular connections. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor further at least:
monitors accessibility of a plurality of target cellular connections; and the connectivity analysis determines dynamic connectivity characteristics of accessible ones of the one or more target cellular connections. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the connectivity analysis is triggered at least by a detected condition, of the one or more conditions, that indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 4. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a cellular modem that establishes a background cellular connection to a cellular network, and
wherein responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, the at least one processor executes a foreground online application that causes the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor further obtains input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections, and
wherein the cellular modem, responsive to the input, establishes a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input and disconnects the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the one or more conditions is a threshold bandwidth measurement. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that:
a connection to the existing WiFi connection is not a secure connection; and a connection to the one or more target cellular connections is a secure connection. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that the at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections indicates a higher bandwidth measurement than the existing WiFi connection. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; bandwidth measurements; quality of service measurements; foreground apps running on the mobile PC; background apps running on the mobile PC; a detected location of the mobile PC; data usage measurements; user preference settings; and usage patterns of the mobile PC. 10. A method for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system comprising:
monitoring, by at least one processor, connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC; based at least on the monitoring, detecting one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis, based on the triggering, performing the connectivity analysis at least by determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections; based at least on the connectivity analysis, generating an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; displaying the generated interactive notification on an interactive graphical user interface; and obtaining selection input indicating a preferred connection between the existing WiFi connection and the one or more target cellular connections. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
monitoring accessibility of a plurality of target cellular connections; and
determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of accessible ones of the one or more target cellular connections. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the connectivity analysis is triggered at least by a detected condition, of the one or more conditions, that indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 13. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
establishing, by a cellular modem, a background cellular connection to a cellular network; and
responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, executing a foreground online application causing the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
obtaining input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections;
responsive to the input, establishing, by the cellular modem, a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input; and
disconnecting the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein at least one of the one or more conditions is a threshold bandwidth measurement. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the generated interactive notification indicates at least that:
a connection to the existing WiFi connection is not a secure connection; and a connection to the one or more target cellular connections is a secure connection. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more conditions of the WiFi network that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; bandwidth measurements; quality of service measurements; foreground apps running on the mobile PC; background apps running on the mobile PC; a detected location of the mobile PC; data usage measurements; user preference settings; and usage patterns of the mobile PC. 18. One or more computer storage devices having computer-executable instructions stored thereon for controlling network connectivity of a mobile Personal Computer (PC) that executes a PC operating system, which, on execution by a computer, cause the computer to perform operations comprising:
monitoring connectivity of an existing WiFi connection of the mobile PC; based at least on the monitoring, detecting one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers a connectivity analysis; establishing, by a cellular modem, a background cellular connection to a cellular network; based on the triggering, performing the connectivity analysis at least by determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of the existing WiFi connection and determining dynamic connectivity characteristics of one or more target cellular connections; based at least on the connectivity analysis, generating an interactive notification including at least one determined characteristic of the existing WiFi connection and at least one determined characteristic of the one or more target cellular connections; displaying the generated interactive notification on an interactive graphical user interface; obtaining selection input indicating which connection is preferred; responsive to the selection input indicating the one or more target cellular connections is the preferred connection, executing a foreground online application causing the interactive graphical user interface to display one or more selectable cellular connections associated with the one or more target cellular connections; obtaining input indicating a selection of a cellular connection of the one or more selectable cellular connections; responsive to the input, establishing, by the cellular modem, a foreground cellular connection with the selected cellular connection indicated by the input; and disconnecting the background cellular connection from the cellular network. 19. The one or more computer storage devices of claim 18 wherein at least one of the one or more detected conditions indicates the mobile PC lost connectivity of the existing WiFi connection. 20. The one or more computer storage devices of claim 18 wherein the one or more conditions of the existing WiFi connection that triggers the connectivity analysis comprises at least one of:
security properties; and
a detected location of the mobile PC. | 3,700 |
344,332 | 16,803,846 | 3,763 | A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat is disclosed. The system includes a fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat. The fluid compartment is disposed between a heat source in a hull cavity of the boat and the external wall of the boat such that heat energy released from the heat source is transferred to a fluid in the fluid compartment. A fluid mover moves a first volume of the fluid out of the fluid compartment and replaces at least a portion of the first volume with a second volume of fluid, wherein the second volume of fluid has a different temperature than the first volume of fluid before entering the fluid compartment. | 1. A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat, the system comprising:
a fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat, wherein the fluid compartment is:
disposed between a heat source in a hull cavity of the boat and the external wall of the boat such that heat energy released from the heat source is transferred to a fluid in the fluid compartment; and
a fluid mover that moves a first volume of the fluid out of the fluid compartment and replaces at least a portion of the first volume with a second volume of fluid, wherein the second volume of fluid has a different temperature than the first volume of fluid before entering the fluid compartment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid in the fluid compartment is a liquid, and wherein the fluid compartment is liquid-tight for selectively containing and flowing the liquid fluid within and out of the fluid compartment. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the fluid compartment is a ballast tank and wherein the fluid additionally serves as ballast fluid. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an agitator disposed within the fluid compartment and operative to mix the fluid to reduce a temperature gradient in the fluid. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the fluid compartment is a fuel tank and wherein the fluid is fuel. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment includes an internal barrier separating the fluid from a second fluid. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment is defined between spaced-apart inner and outer hulls of the boat extending along at least a portion of a length of the boat, the inner hull defining the hull cavity of the boat. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger, wherein the fluid mover couples the first volume of the fluid to the heat exchanger, such that at least a portion of the heat energy of the first volume of the fluid is transferred to a working fluid of the heat exchanger to cool the first volume of the fluid before returning the cooled first volume of fluid as the second volume of fluid to the fluid compartment. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed adjacent to, or formed integrally with, the external wall. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is located between an inner and outer hull of the boat, the inner hull defining the hull cavity of the boat. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein a substantial portion of the heat exchange surface is below a waterline of the boat. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment is one of a plurality of fluid compartments including a first fluid compartment located between the heat source and a first external side of the boat, the plurality of fluid compartments further comprising a second fluid compartment adjacent to a second external side of the boat opposite the first side, and
wherein the fluid mover is configured to move fluid from either the first fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment out of the respective fluid compartment for replacing the fluid removed from the respective fluid compartment with cooler fluid. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first and second fluid compartments, wherein the first and second compartments are coupled to the heat exchanger via at least one conduit and wherein the fluid mover generates a fluid flow through the at least one conduit. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first fluid compartment is located on a starboard side of the boat, and the second fluid compartment is located on a port side of the boat. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein one of the fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment is located fore of the other of the fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a refrigerant, a mixture of glycol, or water. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the fluid comprises air; the fluid compartment is defined by a baffle; the fluid compartment is in fluid communication with the hull cavity; and the fluid mover discharges the air from the boat. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein a portion of the external wall is insulated. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the external wall is a hull. 20. A method of controlling a thermal signature of a boat comprising:
determining a set point temperature for a thermally-controlled portion of an external wall of the boat; determining, by a processing element, a temperature of the thermally-controlled portion; comparing the temperature of the thermally-controlled portion to the set point to determine an error therebetween; and controlling a flow of a fluid to a fluid compartment in thermal communication with the thermally-controlled portion. 21. A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat, the system comprising:
a first fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat and configured to store a fluid; a heat source disposed within a hull cavity of the boat and configured to reject heat into the hull cavity, wherein the first fluid compartment is disposed between the heat source and the external wall of the boat; a first fluid mover configured to remove a first volume of the fluid from the first fluid compartment and to replace the first volume of the fluid with a second volume of fluid at a lower temperature than a temperature of the first volume of the fluid such that a thermal signature of the external wall is controlled. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first fluid mover discharges the first volume of the fluid into the environment surrounding the boat and draws the second volume of fluid into the boat from the environment. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein:
the fluid is a liquid; the first fluid mover is configured to move the liquid; the first fluid compartment is configured to hold the liquid with a liquid-tight seal, the system further comprising:
a second fluid compartment defined by a baffle and disposed between the heat source and the first fluid compartment; and
a second fluid mover configured to remove a first volume of a gas from the hull cavity and replace the first volume of gas with a second volume of gas drawn into the hull cavity via the second fluid compartment, wherein the second volume of gas is at a lower temperature than a temperature of the first volume of gas. | A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat is disclosed. The system includes a fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat. The fluid compartment is disposed between a heat source in a hull cavity of the boat and the external wall of the boat such that heat energy released from the heat source is transferred to a fluid in the fluid compartment. A fluid mover moves a first volume of the fluid out of the fluid compartment and replaces at least a portion of the first volume with a second volume of fluid, wherein the second volume of fluid has a different temperature than the first volume of fluid before entering the fluid compartment.1. A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat, the system comprising:
a fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat, wherein the fluid compartment is:
disposed between a heat source in a hull cavity of the boat and the external wall of the boat such that heat energy released from the heat source is transferred to a fluid in the fluid compartment; and
a fluid mover that moves a first volume of the fluid out of the fluid compartment and replaces at least a portion of the first volume with a second volume of fluid, wherein the second volume of fluid has a different temperature than the first volume of fluid before entering the fluid compartment. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid in the fluid compartment is a liquid, and wherein the fluid compartment is liquid-tight for selectively containing and flowing the liquid fluid within and out of the fluid compartment. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the fluid compartment is a ballast tank and wherein the fluid additionally serves as ballast fluid. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an agitator disposed within the fluid compartment and operative to mix the fluid to reduce a temperature gradient in the fluid. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the fluid compartment is a fuel tank and wherein the fluid is fuel. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment includes an internal barrier separating the fluid from a second fluid. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment is defined between spaced-apart inner and outer hulls of the boat extending along at least a portion of a length of the boat, the inner hull defining the hull cavity of the boat. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger, wherein the fluid mover couples the first volume of the fluid to the heat exchanger, such that at least a portion of the heat energy of the first volume of the fluid is transferred to a working fluid of the heat exchanger to cool the first volume of the fluid before returning the cooled first volume of fluid as the second volume of fluid to the fluid compartment. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed adjacent to, or formed integrally with, the external wall. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is located between an inner and outer hull of the boat, the inner hull defining the hull cavity of the boat. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein a substantial portion of the heat exchange surface is below a waterline of the boat. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid compartment is one of a plurality of fluid compartments including a first fluid compartment located between the heat source and a first external side of the boat, the plurality of fluid compartments further comprising a second fluid compartment adjacent to a second external side of the boat opposite the first side, and
wherein the fluid mover is configured to move fluid from either the first fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment out of the respective fluid compartment for replacing the fluid removed from the respective fluid compartment with cooler fluid. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first and second fluid compartments, wherein the first and second compartments are coupled to the heat exchanger via at least one conduit and wherein the fluid mover generates a fluid flow through the at least one conduit. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first fluid compartment is located on a starboard side of the boat, and the second fluid compartment is located on a port side of the boat. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein one of the fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment is located fore of the other of the fluid compartment or the second fluid compartment. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the fluid comprises a refrigerant, a mixture of glycol, or water. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the fluid comprises air; the fluid compartment is defined by a baffle; the fluid compartment is in fluid communication with the hull cavity; and the fluid mover discharges the air from the boat. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein a portion of the external wall is insulated. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the external wall is a hull. 20. A method of controlling a thermal signature of a boat comprising:
determining a set point temperature for a thermally-controlled portion of an external wall of the boat; determining, by a processing element, a temperature of the thermally-controlled portion; comparing the temperature of the thermally-controlled portion to the set point to determine an error therebetween; and controlling a flow of a fluid to a fluid compartment in thermal communication with the thermally-controlled portion. 21. A system for controlling a thermal signature of a boat, the system comprising:
a first fluid compartment adjacent to an external wall of the boat and configured to store a fluid; a heat source disposed within a hull cavity of the boat and configured to reject heat into the hull cavity, wherein the first fluid compartment is disposed between the heat source and the external wall of the boat; a first fluid mover configured to remove a first volume of the fluid from the first fluid compartment and to replace the first volume of the fluid with a second volume of fluid at a lower temperature than a temperature of the first volume of the fluid such that a thermal signature of the external wall is controlled. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first fluid mover discharges the first volume of the fluid into the environment surrounding the boat and draws the second volume of fluid into the boat from the environment. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein:
the fluid is a liquid; the first fluid mover is configured to move the liquid; the first fluid compartment is configured to hold the liquid with a liquid-tight seal, the system further comprising:
a second fluid compartment defined by a baffle and disposed between the heat source and the first fluid compartment; and
a second fluid mover configured to remove a first volume of a gas from the hull cavity and replace the first volume of gas with a second volume of gas drawn into the hull cavity via the second fluid compartment, wherein the second volume of gas is at a lower temperature than a temperature of the first volume of gas. | 3,700 |
344,333 | 16,803,816 | 3,763 | Disclosed herein are interleukin (IL) conjugates (e.g., IL-2 conjugates) and use in the treatment of one or more indications. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising one or more of the interleukin conjugates (e.g., IL-2 conjugates). | 1. An isolated and modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid at a position on the polypeptide that reduces binding between the modified IL-2 polypeptide and interleukin 2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) but retains significant binding with interleukin 2 βγ receptor (IL-2Rβγ) signaling complex to form an IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex, wherein the reduced binding to IL-2Rα is compared to binding between a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide and IL-2Rα. 2. An isolated and modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide exhibits a first receptor signaling potency to an IL-2βγ signaling complex and a second receptor signaling potency to an IL-2αβγ signaling complex, and wherein a difference between the first receptor signaling potency and the second receptor signaling potency is less than 10-fold. 3. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 2, wherein the difference in receptor signaling potency is less than 5-fold, less than 4-fold, less than 3-fold, less than 2-fold, or less than 1-fold. 4. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from K35, T37, R38, T41, F42, K43, F44, Y45, E60, E61, E62, K64, P65, E68, V69, N71, L72, M104, C105, and Y107, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 104, 105, and 107 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from T37, R38, T41, F42, K43, F44, Y45, E61, E62, P65, E68, and L72, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 61, 62, 65, 68, and 72 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 6. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from K35, K64, V69, N71, M104, C105, and Y107, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 35, 64, 69, 71, 104, 105, and 107 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 7. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from T37, R38, T41, Y45, E61, E68, and L72, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 37, 38, 41, 45, 61, 68, and 72 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 8. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from F42, K43, F44, E62, and P65, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 42, 43, 44, 62, and 65 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 9. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid:
is a lysine analogue;
comprises an aromatic side chain;
comprises an azido group;
comprises an alkyne group; or
comprises an aldehyde or ketone group. 10. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid does not comprise an aromatic side chain. 11. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid comprises N6-azidoethoxy-L-lysine (AzK), N6-propargylethoxy-L-lysine (PraK), BCN-L-lysine, norbornene lysine, TCO-lysine, methyltetrazine lysine, allyloxycarbonyllysine, 2-amino-8-oxononanoic acid, 2-amino-8-oxooctanoic acid, p-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, p-azidomethyl-L-phenylalanine (pAMF), p-iodo-L-phenylalanine, m-acetylphenylalanine, 2-amino-8-oxononanoic acid, p-propargyloxyphenylalanine, p-propargyl-phenylalanine, 3-methyl-phenylalanine, L-Dopa, fluorinated phenylalanine, isopropyl-L-phenylalanine, p-azido-L-phenylalanine, p-acyl-L-phenylalanine, p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine, p-bromophenylalanine, p-amino-L-phenylalanine, isopropyl-L-phenylalanine, O-allyltyrosine, O-methyl-L-tyrosine, O-4-allyl-L-tyrosine, 4-propyl-L-tyrosine, phosphonotyrosine, tri-O-acetyl-GlcNAcp-serine, L-phosphoserine, phosphonoserine, L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine, 2-amino-3-((2-((3-(benzyloxy)-3-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)selanyl)propanoic acid, 2-amino-3-(phenylselanyl)propanoic, or selenocysteine. 12. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid is incorporated into the modified IL-2 polypeptide by an orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. 13. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 12, wherein the orthogonal tRNA of the orthogonal synthetase/tRNA pair comprises at least one unnatural nucleobase. 14. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide is covalently attached to a conjugating moiety through the at least one unnatural amino acid. 15. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety comprises a water-soluble polymer, a lipid, a protein, or a peptide. 16. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, poly(oxyethylated polyol), poly(olefinic alcohol), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylamide), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylate), poly(saccharides), poly(u-hydroxy acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyphosphazene, polyoxazolines (POZ), poly(N-acryloylmorpholine), or a combination thereof. 17. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a PEG molecule. 18. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 17, wherein the PEG molecule is a linear PEG. 19. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 17, wherein the PEG molecule is a branched PEG. 20. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a polysaccharide. 21. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 20, wherein the polysaccharide comprises dextran, polysialic acid (PSA), hyaluronic acid (HA), amylose, heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), dextrin, or hydroxyethyl-starch (HES). 22. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the lipid comprises a fatty acid. 23. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 22, wherein the fatty acid comprises from about 6 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 20 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 20 carbon atoms, or from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. 24. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 22, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid. 25. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the protein comprises an albumin, a transferrin, or a transthyretin. 26. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety comprises a TLR agonist. 27. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the protein comprises an antibody or its binding fragments thereof. 28. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 27, wherein the antibody or its binding fragments thereof comprises an Fc portion of an antibody. 29. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the peptide comprises a XTEN peptide, a glycine-rich homoamino acid polymer (HAP), a PAS polypeptide, an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), a CTP peptide, or a gelatin-like protein (GLK) polymer. 30. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety is indirectly bound to the at least one unnatural amino acid of the modified IL-2 through a linker. 31. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 30, wherein the linker comprises a homobifunctional linker, a heterobifunctional linker, a zero-length linker, a cleavable or a non-cleavable dipeptide linker, a maleimide group, a spacer, or a combination thereof. 32. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the decrease in binding affinity is about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% decrease in binding affinity to IL-2Rα relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 33. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the decrease in binding affinity is about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, or more to IL-2Rα relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 34. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide is:
a functionally active fragment of a full-length IL-2 polypeptide;
a recombinant IL-2 polypeptide; or
a recombinant human IL-2 polypeptide. 35. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises an N-terminal deletion, a C-terminal deletion, or a combination thereof. 36. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the N-terminal deletion comprises a deletion of the first 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, or 30 residues from the N-terminus, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 37. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the C-terminal deletion comprises a deletion of the last 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, or more residues from the C-terminus, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 38. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 34, wherein the functionally active fragment comprises IL-2 region 10-133, 20-133, 30-133, 10-130, 20-130, 30-130, 10-125, 20-125, 30-125, 1-130, or 1-125, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 39. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. 40. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide with the decrease in binding affinity to IL-2Rα is capable of expanding CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, Natural killer T (NKT) cell populations, or a combination thereof. 41. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety or the unnatural amino acid impairs or blocks the binding of IL-2 with IL-2Rα. 42. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein activation of CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell population via the IL-2Rβγ complex by the modified IL-2 polypeptide retains significant potency of activation of said cell population relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 43. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 42, wherein the receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ complex is higher than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ complex. 44. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 42, wherein the receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide the IL-2Rβγ complex is lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide the IL-2Rβγ complex. 45. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide exhibits a first receptor signaling potency to IL-2Rβγ and a second receptor signaling potency to IL-2Rαβγ, and wherein the first receptor signaling potency is at least 1-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 500-fold, or higher than the second receptor signaling potency. 46. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 45, wherein the first receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is higher than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ, and the second receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rαβγ. 47. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 45, wherein the first receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is at least 1-fold lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 48. An interleukin 2 (IL-2) conjugate comprising an unnatural amino acid covalently attached to a conjugating moiety, wherein the IL-2 comprises at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. 49. An interleukin 2 (IL-2) conjugate comprising an unnatural amino acid covalently attached to a conjugating moiety, wherein the unnatural amino acid is located in region 35-107, and wherein the region 35-107 corresponds to residues K35-Y107 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 50. An interleukin 2 βγ receptor (IL-2Rβγ) binding protein, wherein the binding affinity for an interleukin 2 α receptor (IL-2Rα) of said binding protein is less than that of wild-type human IL-2 (hIL-2), and wherein said binding protein comprises at least one unnatural amino acid. 51. The IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, wherein said binding protein is a modified IL-2 polypeptide or a functionally active fragment thereof, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises at least one unnatural amino acid. 52. The IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid is located in region 35-107, and wherein the region 35-107 corresponds to residues K35-Y107 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 53. An IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex comprising a modified IL-2 polypeptide comprising an unnatural amino acid and an IL-2Rβγ, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide has a reduced binding affinity toward IL-2Rα, and wherein the reduced binding affinity is compared to a binding affinity between a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide and IL-2Rα. 54. The IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex of claim 53, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide further comprises a conjugating moiety covalently attached to the unnatural amino acid. 55. An activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell that selectively expands CD4+ helper cells, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, or Natural killer T (NKT) cells in a cell population, wherein said activator comprises a modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid. 56. The activator of claim 55, wherein said activator expands CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells by less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.1% when said activator is in contact with said cell population. 57. The activator of claim 55, wherein said activator does not expand Treg cells in said cell population. 58. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an in vivo cell population. 59. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an in vitro cell population. 60. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an ex vivo cell population. 61. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1-47, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claims 50-52, or an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claims 55-60; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for systemic delivery. 63. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for parenteral administration. 64. A method of treating a proliferative disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1 or 2, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 61. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the proliferative disease or condition is a cancer. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor cancer. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the solid tumor cancer is bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, eye cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the cancer is a hematologic malignancy. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the hematologic malignancy is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt high grade B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma, intravascular large B cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, or lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 70. The method of claim 64, further comprising administering an additional therapeutic agent. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition and the additional therapeutic agent are administered simultaneously. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition and the additional therapeutic agent are administered sequentially. 73. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition is administered prior to the additional therapeutic agent. 74. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition is administered after the administration of the additional therapeutic agent. 75. A method of expanding a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell population, comprising:
contacting a cell population with an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1 or 2, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 for a time sufficient to induce formation of a complex with an IL-2Rβγ, thereby stimulating the expansion of the Teff and/or NK cell population. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 expands CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells by less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% in the CD3+ cell population compared to an expansion of CD4+ Treg cells in the CD3+ cell population contacted with a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 77. The method of claim 75, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 does not expand CD4+ Treg cells in the cell population. 78. The method of claim 75, wherein the ratio of the Teff cells to Treg cells in the cell population after incubation with the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 is about or at least 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, or 100:1. 79. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an in vivo method. 80. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an in vitro method. 81. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an ex vivo method. 82. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject is a human.
A kit comprising an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1-47, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claims 50-52, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claims 55-60, or a pharmaceutical composition of claims 61-63. | Disclosed herein are interleukin (IL) conjugates (e.g., IL-2 conjugates) and use in the treatment of one or more indications. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising one or more of the interleukin conjugates (e.g., IL-2 conjugates).1. An isolated and modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid at a position on the polypeptide that reduces binding between the modified IL-2 polypeptide and interleukin 2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) but retains significant binding with interleukin 2 βγ receptor (IL-2Rβγ) signaling complex to form an IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex, wherein the reduced binding to IL-2Rα is compared to binding between a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide and IL-2Rα. 2. An isolated and modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide exhibits a first receptor signaling potency to an IL-2βγ signaling complex and a second receptor signaling potency to an IL-2αβγ signaling complex, and wherein a difference between the first receptor signaling potency and the second receptor signaling potency is less than 10-fold. 3. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 2, wherein the difference in receptor signaling potency is less than 5-fold, less than 4-fold, less than 3-fold, less than 2-fold, or less than 1-fold. 4. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from K35, T37, R38, T41, F42, K43, F44, Y45, E60, E61, E62, K64, P65, E68, V69, N71, L72, M104, C105, and Y107, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71, 72, 104, 105, and 107 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from T37, R38, T41, F42, K43, F44, Y45, E61, E62, P65, E68, and L72, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 61, 62, 65, 68, and 72 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 6. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from K35, K64, V69, N71, M104, C105, and Y107, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 35, 64, 69, 71, 104, 105, and 107 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 7. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from T37, R38, T41, Y45, E61, E68, and L72, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 37, 38, 41, 45, 61, 68, and 72 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 8. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the at least one unnatural amino acid is selected from F42, K43, F44, E62, and P65, wherein the residue positions correspond to the positions 42, 43, 44, 62, and 65 as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 9. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid:
is a lysine analogue;
comprises an aromatic side chain;
comprises an azido group;
comprises an alkyne group; or
comprises an aldehyde or ketone group. 10. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid does not comprise an aromatic side chain. 11. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid comprises N6-azidoethoxy-L-lysine (AzK), N6-propargylethoxy-L-lysine (PraK), BCN-L-lysine, norbornene lysine, TCO-lysine, methyltetrazine lysine, allyloxycarbonyllysine, 2-amino-8-oxononanoic acid, 2-amino-8-oxooctanoic acid, p-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, p-azidomethyl-L-phenylalanine (pAMF), p-iodo-L-phenylalanine, m-acetylphenylalanine, 2-amino-8-oxononanoic acid, p-propargyloxyphenylalanine, p-propargyl-phenylalanine, 3-methyl-phenylalanine, L-Dopa, fluorinated phenylalanine, isopropyl-L-phenylalanine, p-azido-L-phenylalanine, p-acyl-L-phenylalanine, p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine, p-bromophenylalanine, p-amino-L-phenylalanine, isopropyl-L-phenylalanine, O-allyltyrosine, O-methyl-L-tyrosine, O-4-allyl-L-tyrosine, 4-propyl-L-tyrosine, phosphonotyrosine, tri-O-acetyl-GlcNAcp-serine, L-phosphoserine, phosphonoserine, L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine, 2-amino-3-((2-((3-(benzyloxy)-3-oxopropyl)amino)ethyl)selanyl)propanoic acid, 2-amino-3-(phenylselanyl)propanoic, or selenocysteine. 12. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid is incorporated into the modified IL-2 polypeptide by an orthogonal tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. 13. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 12, wherein the orthogonal tRNA of the orthogonal synthetase/tRNA pair comprises at least one unnatural nucleobase. 14. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide is covalently attached to a conjugating moiety through the at least one unnatural amino acid. 15. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety comprises a water-soluble polymer, a lipid, a protein, or a peptide. 16. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, poly(oxyethylated polyol), poly(olefinic alcohol), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylamide), poly(hydroxyalkylmethacrylate), poly(saccharides), poly(u-hydroxy acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyphosphazene, polyoxazolines (POZ), poly(N-acryloylmorpholine), or a combination thereof. 17. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a PEG molecule. 18. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 17, wherein the PEG molecule is a linear PEG. 19. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 17, wherein the PEG molecule is a branched PEG. 20. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises a polysaccharide. 21. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 20, wherein the polysaccharide comprises dextran, polysialic acid (PSA), hyaluronic acid (HA), amylose, heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), dextrin, or hydroxyethyl-starch (HES). 22. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the lipid comprises a fatty acid. 23. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 22, wherein the fatty acid comprises from about 6 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, from about 20 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 26 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 20 carbon atoms, or from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. 24. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 22, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid. 25. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the protein comprises an albumin, a transferrin, or a transthyretin. 26. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety comprises a TLR agonist. 27. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the protein comprises an antibody or its binding fragments thereof. 28. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 27, wherein the antibody or its binding fragments thereof comprises an Fc portion of an antibody. 29. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 15, wherein the peptide comprises a XTEN peptide, a glycine-rich homoamino acid polymer (HAP), a PAS polypeptide, an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), a CTP peptide, or a gelatin-like protein (GLK) polymer. 30. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety is indirectly bound to the at least one unnatural amino acid of the modified IL-2 through a linker. 31. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 30, wherein the linker comprises a homobifunctional linker, a heterobifunctional linker, a zero-length linker, a cleavable or a non-cleavable dipeptide linker, a maleimide group, a spacer, or a combination thereof. 32. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the decrease in binding affinity is about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% decrease in binding affinity to IL-2Rα relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 33. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the decrease in binding affinity is about 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, or more to IL-2Rα relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 34. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide is:
a functionally active fragment of a full-length IL-2 polypeptide;
a recombinant IL-2 polypeptide; or
a recombinant human IL-2 polypeptide. 35. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises an N-terminal deletion, a C-terminal deletion, or a combination thereof. 36. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the N-terminal deletion comprises a deletion of the first 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, or 30 residues from the N-terminus, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 37. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the C-terminal deletion comprises a deletion of the last 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, or more residues from the C-terminus, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 38. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 34, wherein the functionally active fragment comprises IL-2 region 10-133, 20-133, 30-133, 10-130, 20-130, 30-130, 10-125, 20-125, 30-125, 1-130, or 1-125, wherein the residue positions are in reference to the positions in SEQ ID NO: 1. 39. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. 40. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide with the decrease in binding affinity to IL-2Rα is capable of expanding CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, Natural killer T (NKT) cell populations, or a combination thereof. 41. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 14, wherein the conjugating moiety or the unnatural amino acid impairs or blocks the binding of IL-2 with IL-2Rα. 42. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein activation of CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell population via the IL-2Rβγ complex by the modified IL-2 polypeptide retains significant potency of activation of said cell population relative to a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 43. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 42, wherein the receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ complex is higher than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ complex. 44. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 42, wherein the receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide the IL-2Rβγ complex is lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide the IL-2Rβγ complex. 45. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide exhibits a first receptor signaling potency to IL-2Rβγ and a second receptor signaling potency to IL-2Rαβγ, and wherein the first receptor signaling potency is at least 1-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 500-fold, or higher than the second receptor signaling potency. 46. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 45, wherein the first receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is higher than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rβγ, and the second receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide to the IL-2Rαβγ. 47. The isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 45, wherein the first receptor signaling potency of the modified IL-2 polypeptide is at least 1-fold lower than a receptor signaling potency of the wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 48. An interleukin 2 (IL-2) conjugate comprising an unnatural amino acid covalently attached to a conjugating moiety, wherein the IL-2 comprises at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. 49. An interleukin 2 (IL-2) conjugate comprising an unnatural amino acid covalently attached to a conjugating moiety, wherein the unnatural amino acid is located in region 35-107, and wherein the region 35-107 corresponds to residues K35-Y107 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 50. An interleukin 2 βγ receptor (IL-2Rβγ) binding protein, wherein the binding affinity for an interleukin 2 α receptor (IL-2Rα) of said binding protein is less than that of wild-type human IL-2 (hIL-2), and wherein said binding protein comprises at least one unnatural amino acid. 51. The IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, wherein said binding protein is a modified IL-2 polypeptide or a functionally active fragment thereof, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide comprises at least one unnatural amino acid. 52. The IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, wherein the at least one unnatural amino acid is located in region 35-107, and wherein the region 35-107 corresponds to residues K35-Y107 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 53. An IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex comprising a modified IL-2 polypeptide comprising an unnatural amino acid and an IL-2Rβγ, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide has a reduced binding affinity toward IL-2Rα, and wherein the reduced binding affinity is compared to a binding affinity between a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide and IL-2Rα. 54. The IL-2/IL-2Rβγ complex of claim 53, wherein the modified IL-2 polypeptide further comprises a conjugating moiety covalently attached to the unnatural amino acid. 55. An activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell that selectively expands CD4+ helper cells, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, or Natural killer T (NKT) cells in a cell population, wherein said activator comprises a modified interleukin 2 (IL-2) polypeptide comprising at least one unnatural amino acid. 56. The activator of claim 55, wherein said activator expands CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells by less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.1% when said activator is in contact with said cell population. 57. The activator of claim 55, wherein said activator does not expand Treg cells in said cell population. 58. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an in vivo cell population. 59. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an in vitro cell population. 60. The activator of claim 55, wherein said cell population is an ex vivo cell population. 61. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1-47, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claims 50-52, or an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claims 55-60; and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for systemic delivery. 63. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 61, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for parenteral administration. 64. A method of treating a proliferative disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1 or 2, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 61. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the proliferative disease or condition is a cancer. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the cancer is a solid tumor cancer. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the solid tumor cancer is bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, eye cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer. 68. The method of claim 65, wherein the cancer is a hematologic malignancy. 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the hematologic malignancy is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt high grade B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, B cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, plasmacytoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma, intravascular large B cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, or lymphomatoid granulomatosis. 70. The method of claim 64, further comprising administering an additional therapeutic agent. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition and the additional therapeutic agent are administered simultaneously. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition and the additional therapeutic agent are administered sequentially. 73. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition is administered prior to the additional therapeutic agent. 74. The method of claim 70, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide, the IL-2 conjugate, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell, or the pharmaceutical composition is administered after the administration of the additional therapeutic agent. 75. A method of expanding a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell population, comprising:
contacting a cell population with an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1 or 2, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 for a time sufficient to induce formation of a complex with an IL-2Rβγ, thereby stimulating the expansion of the Teff and/or NK cell population. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 expands CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells by less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% in the CD3+ cell population compared to an expansion of CD4+ Treg cells in the CD3+ cell population contacted with a wild-type IL-2 polypeptide. 77. The method of claim 75, wherein the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 does not expand CD4+ Treg cells in the cell population. 78. The method of claim 75, wherein the ratio of the Teff cells to Treg cells in the cell population after incubation with the isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claim 1 or 2, the IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, the IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claim 50, the activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claim 55, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 61 is about or at least 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, or 100:1. 79. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an in vivo method. 80. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an in vitro method. 81. The method of claim 75, wherein the method is an ex vivo method. 82. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject is a human.
A kit comprising an isolated and modified IL-2 polypeptide of claims 1-47, an IL-2 conjugate of claim 48 or 49, an IL-2Rβγ binding protein of claims 50-52, an activator of a CD4+ helper cell, CD8+ effector naïve and memory cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, or Natural killer T (NKT) cell of claims 55-60, or a pharmaceutical composition of claims 61-63. | 3,700 |
344,334 | 16,803,837 | 1,777 | A method of air scouring an immersed membrane is described in this specification. The method comprises a step of adjusting one or more aeration parameters during a permeation cycle, or between a permeation cycle and a back pulse or relaxation cycle, or between successive cycles. The method may be used with a gas delivery device described in this specification in which a supply of gas is provided to a manifold with multiple ports connected to multiple conduits. The method may further comprise bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to near or below the bottom of a membrane module. At about this elevation, the flow of pressurized gas is split into multiple flows of pressurized gas. Each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas is directed to a different lateral position and then released as bubbles. | 1. A method of air scouring an immersed membrane comprising a step of adjusting one or more aeration parameters between successive permeation, back pulse or relaxation cycles; during a permeation cycle; or, between a permeation cycle and a backpulse or relaxation cycle. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising,
a) a manifold adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and,
b) a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the manifold through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having a generally open bottom. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising,
a) a distribution plenum adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and,
b) a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the distribution plenum through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having an outlet adapted to discharge gas,
wherein the ports have a smaller area than the channels and the ports are located close together relative to a spacing between the openings. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising steps of,
a) bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to near or below the bottom of a membrane module;
b) splitting the flow of pressurized gas into multiple flows of pressurized gas;
c) directing each of the multiple flows of pressurized to a different lateral position;
d) releasing bubbles from the different lateral positions. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is increased within a permeation cycle. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided intermittently during a permeation cycle. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein a continuous or instantaneous aeration flow rate increases generally linearly over time during a permeation cycle. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the aeration flow rate increases further during a backpulse or relaxation cycle. 12. A method of air scouring an immersed membrane comprising adjusting one or more aeration parameters: between successive permeation, back pulse or relaxation cycles; during a permeation cycle; or between a permeation cycle and a backpulse or relaxation cycle wherein air scouring during the backpulse or relaxation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising:
a manifold adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and a plurality of open-bottomed channels, each of the plurality of channels having a single outlet and being in fluid communication with the manifold through a distinct associated port. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising:
a distribution plenum adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and, a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the distribution plenum through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having an outlet at the end of the channel adapted to discharge gas, wherein the ports have a smaller area than the channels and the ports are located close together relative to a variation in the lengths of the channels. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to a manifold near or below the bottom of a membrane module; splitting the flow of pressurized gas into multiple flows of pressurized gas extending from the manifold; directing each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas to a different lateral position, such that each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas travel a different distance from the manifold; and releasing bubbles from the different lateral positions. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. | A method of air scouring an immersed membrane is described in this specification. The method comprises a step of adjusting one or more aeration parameters during a permeation cycle, or between a permeation cycle and a back pulse or relaxation cycle, or between successive cycles. The method may be used with a gas delivery device described in this specification in which a supply of gas is provided to a manifold with multiple ports connected to multiple conduits. The method may further comprise bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to near or below the bottom of a membrane module. At about this elevation, the flow of pressurized gas is split into multiple flows of pressurized gas. Each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas is directed to a different lateral position and then released as bubbles.1. A method of air scouring an immersed membrane comprising a step of adjusting one or more aeration parameters between successive permeation, back pulse or relaxation cycles; during a permeation cycle; or, between a permeation cycle and a backpulse or relaxation cycle. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising,
a) a manifold adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and,
b) a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the manifold through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having a generally open bottom. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising,
a) a distribution plenum adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and,
b) a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the distribution plenum through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having an outlet adapted to discharge gas,
wherein the ports have a smaller area than the channels and the ports are located close together relative to a spacing between the openings. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising steps of,
a) bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to near or below the bottom of a membrane module;
b) splitting the flow of pressurized gas into multiple flows of pressurized gas;
c) directing each of the multiple flows of pressurized to a different lateral position;
d) releasing bubbles from the different lateral positions. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein an aeration flow rate is increased within a permeation cycle. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided intermittently during a permeation cycle. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein a continuous or instantaneous aeration flow rate increases generally linearly over time during a permeation cycle. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the aeration flow rate increases further during a backpulse or relaxation cycle. 12. A method of air scouring an immersed membrane comprising adjusting one or more aeration parameters: between successive permeation, back pulse or relaxation cycles; during a permeation cycle; or between a permeation cycle and a backpulse or relaxation cycle wherein air scouring during the backpulse or relaxation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising:
a manifold adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and a plurality of open-bottomed channels, each of the plurality of channels having a single outlet and being in fluid communication with the manifold through a distinct associated port. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided by a gas delivery device comprising:
a distribution plenum adapted to be connected to a source of a pressurized gas; and, a plurality of channels, each of the plurality of channels being in fluid communication with the distribution plenum through a distinct associated port, each of the plurality of channels having an outlet at the end of the channel adapted to discharge gas, wherein the ports have a smaller area than the channels and the ports are located close together relative to a variation in the lengths of the channels. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
bringing a flow of pressurized gas into a tank to a manifold near or below the bottom of a membrane module; splitting the flow of pressurized gas into multiple flows of pressurized gas extending from the manifold; directing each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas to a different lateral position, such that each of the multiple flows of pressurized gas travel a different distance from the manifold; and releasing bubbles from the different lateral positions. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein aeration is provided only during a backpulse or a relaxation cycle. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein an aeration flow rate is varied between successive permeation cycles. 23. The method of claim 14, wherein air scouring during the permeation cycle comprises releasing a series of bursts of bubbles and an aeration flow rate is increased during a backpulse or relaxation cycle relative to the aeration flow rate during a preceding permeation cycle. | 1,700 |
344,335 | 16,803,840 | 1,777 | A secondary manipulator device for positioning a distal portion of an elongated medical instrument inside a patient is disclosed. The secondary manipulator device includes a retaining member having a channel configured to receive therein an intermediate portion of the elongated medical instrument. The retaining member can include a lock comprising a seat against which the elongated medical instrument can rest and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat. The lock, when in the securing state, can retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow translating and/or rotating of the distal portion. | 1. A method of manipulating a distal portion of an elongated medical instrument, comprising:
securing a secondary manipulator device to an intermediate portion of an elongated body of the elongated medical instrument; actuating a primary device of the elongated medical instrument to control a shape of the distal portion; and rotating and/or axially translating the secondary manipulator device relative to the primary device to rotate and/or axially translate the distal portion of the elongated medical instrument. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary manipulator device is secured to the intermediate portion before the distal portion is positioned inside a patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary manipulator device is secured to the intermediate portion after the distal portion is positioned inside a patient. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the secondary manipulator device comprises:
disposing the intermediate portion into an insertion path of the secondary manipulator device; moving the intermediate portion into a channel of a retention member of the secondary manipulator device; and actuating a lock of the retention member to transition the retention member into a securing state. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the retention member is transitioned to the securing state by actuating a first lever of the lock. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the retention member is transitioned to an open state by actuating a second lever of the lock 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
actuating the second lever to transition the retention member from the securing state to the open state; axially repositioning the secondary manipulator device along the elongated body; and actuating the first lever to transition the retention member to the securing state. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the intermediate portion into the channel excludes passing the distal portion through the channel. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongated medical instrument is a steering catheter. 10. An elongated medical instrument manipulating system, comprising:
an elongated medical instrument comprising:
an elongated body having a distal portion and an intermediate portion; and
a primary manipulator device coupled to a proximal end of the elongated body and configured to control a shape of the distal portion; and
a secondary manipulator device selectively coupled to the intermediate portion and configured to axially translate and rotate the distal portion. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the secondary manipulator device comprises:
a retention member, comprising:
a channel configured to receive therein the intermediate portion;
a lock comprising a seat against which the intermediate portion is disposed, and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat, wherein at least a portion of the channel is defined by the seat and the retention arm; and
a handle, comprising:
an insertion path in communication with the channel and configured to receive the intermediate portion; and
a cavity, wherein the retention member is disposed within the cavity. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock is configured to be selectively transitioned between an open state and a securing state, the retention arm being closer to the seat when the lock is in the securing state, as compared with the open state. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the insertion path is configured to permit the intermediate portion to enter the channel when the lock is in the open state without the distal portion of passing through the channel. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock, when in the securing state, is configured to retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow rotation and axial translation of the elongated body relative, to a hub coupled to the proximal end. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock further comprises a first lever coupled to the seat via a first hinge, and a second lever coupled to the retention arm via a second hinge, wherein the lock is transitionable to the securing state by actuation of the first lever and transitionable to the open state by actuation of the second lever. 16. An elongated medical instrument manipulator device comprising:
a retention member, comprising:
a channel configured to receive therein an intermediate portion of an elongated body of the elongated medical instrument;
a lock comprising a seat against which the intermediate portion is disposed and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat, wherein at least a portion of the channel is defined by the seat and the retention arm; and
a handle, comprising:
an insertion path in communication with the channel and configured to receive the intermediate portion; and
a cavity, wherein the retention member is disposed within the cavity. 17. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the lock is configured to be selectively transitioned between an open state and a securing state, wherein the lock, when in the securing state, is configured to retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow rotation and axial translation of the elongated body relative to a hub coupled to a proximal end of the elongated body. 18. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the lock further comprises a first lever coupled to the seat via a first hinge, and a second lever coupled to the retention arm via a second hinge, wherein the lock is transitionable to the securing state by actuation of the first lever and transitionable to the open state by actuation of the second lever. 19. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the seat and the retention arm comprise a gripping surface comprising any one of ridges, grooves, bumps, recesses, high-frictional coatings, high-frictional material inserts, attachments, or overmoldings of rubber, silicone, or thermoplastic elastomer. 20. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the channel constrains the elongated body within the manipulator device in at least two locations along a length of the channel. | A secondary manipulator device for positioning a distal portion of an elongated medical instrument inside a patient is disclosed. The secondary manipulator device includes a retaining member having a channel configured to receive therein an intermediate portion of the elongated medical instrument. The retaining member can include a lock comprising a seat against which the elongated medical instrument can rest and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat. The lock, when in the securing state, can retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow translating and/or rotating of the distal portion.1. A method of manipulating a distal portion of an elongated medical instrument, comprising:
securing a secondary manipulator device to an intermediate portion of an elongated body of the elongated medical instrument; actuating a primary device of the elongated medical instrument to control a shape of the distal portion; and rotating and/or axially translating the secondary manipulator device relative to the primary device to rotate and/or axially translate the distal portion of the elongated medical instrument. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary manipulator device is secured to the intermediate portion before the distal portion is positioned inside a patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary manipulator device is secured to the intermediate portion after the distal portion is positioned inside a patient. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the secondary manipulator device comprises:
disposing the intermediate portion into an insertion path of the secondary manipulator device; moving the intermediate portion into a channel of a retention member of the secondary manipulator device; and actuating a lock of the retention member to transition the retention member into a securing state. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the retention member is transitioned to the securing state by actuating a first lever of the lock. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the retention member is transitioned to an open state by actuating a second lever of the lock 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
actuating the second lever to transition the retention member from the securing state to the open state; axially repositioning the secondary manipulator device along the elongated body; and actuating the first lever to transition the retention member to the securing state. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein moving the intermediate portion into the channel excludes passing the distal portion through the channel. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the elongated medical instrument is a steering catheter. 10. An elongated medical instrument manipulating system, comprising:
an elongated medical instrument comprising:
an elongated body having a distal portion and an intermediate portion; and
a primary manipulator device coupled to a proximal end of the elongated body and configured to control a shape of the distal portion; and
a secondary manipulator device selectively coupled to the intermediate portion and configured to axially translate and rotate the distal portion. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the secondary manipulator device comprises:
a retention member, comprising:
a channel configured to receive therein the intermediate portion;
a lock comprising a seat against which the intermediate portion is disposed, and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat, wherein at least a portion of the channel is defined by the seat and the retention arm; and
a handle, comprising:
an insertion path in communication with the channel and configured to receive the intermediate portion; and
a cavity, wherein the retention member is disposed within the cavity. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock is configured to be selectively transitioned between an open state and a securing state, the retention arm being closer to the seat when the lock is in the securing state, as compared with the open state. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the insertion path is configured to permit the intermediate portion to enter the channel when the lock is in the open state without the distal portion of passing through the channel. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock, when in the securing state, is configured to retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow rotation and axial translation of the elongated body relative, to a hub coupled to the proximal end. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the lock further comprises a first lever coupled to the seat via a first hinge, and a second lever coupled to the retention arm via a second hinge, wherein the lock is transitionable to the securing state by actuation of the first lever and transitionable to the open state by actuation of the second lever. 16. An elongated medical instrument manipulator device comprising:
a retention member, comprising:
a channel configured to receive therein an intermediate portion of an elongated body of the elongated medical instrument;
a lock comprising a seat against which the intermediate portion is disposed and a resiliently deformable retention arm that is movable relative to the seat, wherein at least a portion of the channel is defined by the seat and the retention arm; and
a handle, comprising:
an insertion path in communication with the channel and configured to receive the intermediate portion; and
a cavity, wherein the retention member is disposed within the cavity. 17. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the lock is configured to be selectively transitioned between an open state and a securing state, wherein the lock, when in the securing state, is configured to retain the intermediate portion within the channel to allow rotation and axial translation of the elongated body relative to a hub coupled to a proximal end of the elongated body. 18. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the lock further comprises a first lever coupled to the seat via a first hinge, and a second lever coupled to the retention arm via a second hinge, wherein the lock is transitionable to the securing state by actuation of the first lever and transitionable to the open state by actuation of the second lever. 19. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the seat and the retention arm comprise a gripping surface comprising any one of ridges, grooves, bumps, recesses, high-frictional coatings, high-frictional material inserts, attachments, or overmoldings of rubber, silicone, or thermoplastic elastomer. 20. The manipulator device of claim 16, wherein the channel constrains the elongated body within the manipulator device in at least two locations along a length of the channel. | 1,700 |
344,336 | 16,803,827 | 3,617 | An integrated thruster and ballast system in accordance with some examples herein may include a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat. The conduit includes a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water, a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and an outlet disposed within the boat. The integrated thruster and ballast system includes a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet, a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit, a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank; and a second valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water. | 1. An integrated thruster and ballast system for a boat, the integrated thruster and ballast system comprising:
a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat, the conduit including:
a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water,
a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and
an outlet disposed within the boat;
a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet; a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit; a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank; and a second valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water. 2. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein:
when the first valve is in an open position, the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank is established; and when the second valve is in a closed position, the fluid communication between the body of water and the second opening is divided. 3. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 2, wherein the thruster is configured to fill or empty the ballast tank with ballast water. 4. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein:
when the first valve is in a closed position, the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank is divided; and when the second valve is in an open position, the fluid communication between the body of water and the second opening is established. 5. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 4, wherein the thruster is configured to provide a thrust to the boat athwartships. 6. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 5, wherein the thrust pushes the boat in a port or starboard direction. 7. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 4, wherein the thruster is configured to provide propulsive thrust to the boat. 8. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 7, wherein the thrust pushes the boat one of forward or reverse. 9. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second conduit disposed within the hull of the boat, the second conduit including:
a third opening in fluid communication with the body of water,
a fourth opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and
a second outlet disposed within the boat;
a second ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the second conduit via the second outlet; a second thruster disposed within the second conduit and configured to move water through the second conduit; a third valve disposed in the second conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second conduit and the second ballast tank; and a fourth valve disposed in the second conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the fourth opening and the body of water. 10. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein one of the second opening or the fourth opening is disposed on a starboard side of the boat, and the other of the second opening or the fourth opening is disposed on the port side of the boat. 11. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein as one of the first valve or second valve transitions between an open and closed position, a flow of the thruster is reduced. 12. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein the thruster and the second thruster generate thrusts in a starboard direction in one configuration, and generate thrusts in a port direction in another configuration. 13. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein one of the thruster or the second thruster generates a thrust in a starboard direction and the other of the thruster or the second thruster generates a thrust in a port direction to generate a couple on the boat causing a rotation about a vertical axis of the boat. 14. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the thruster is configured to dewater a compartment in the boat in a damage control situation. 15. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the thruster generates a moment which rotates the boat about a vertical axis. 16. A boat comprising the integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the integrated thruster and ballast system is configured as a bow thruster to provide thrust athwartships to the boat. 17. An integrated thruster and ballast system for a boat, the integrated thruster and ballast system comprising:
a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat, the conduit including:
a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water,
an outlet disposed within the boat;
a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet; a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit; a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first opening is situated at the transom of the boat. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water; a second valve disposed configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second opening is located in a keel of the boat. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the second valve includes a flapper operable to selectively open or close the second opening. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the second opening expels water such that the expelled water causes a thrust on the boat that has a horizontal component tending to move the boat backward. 23. The system of claim 17, further comprising a deflector that is selectively positionable over the first opening and operable to deflect water expelled from the opening to cause a thrust on the boat tending to move the boat backward. 24. A boat including the integrated thruster and ballast systems of claim 18, wherein the ballast tank is selectively fluidly connected to the body of water using a plurality of first openings spaced apart from one another along the transom of the boat. | An integrated thruster and ballast system in accordance with some examples herein may include a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat. The conduit includes a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water, a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and an outlet disposed within the boat. The integrated thruster and ballast system includes a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet, a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit, a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank; and a second valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water.1. An integrated thruster and ballast system for a boat, the integrated thruster and ballast system comprising:
a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat, the conduit including:
a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water,
a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and
an outlet disposed within the boat;
a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet; a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit; a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank; and a second valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water. 2. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein:
when the first valve is in an open position, the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank is established; and when the second valve is in a closed position, the fluid communication between the body of water and the second opening is divided. 3. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 2, wherein the thruster is configured to fill or empty the ballast tank with ballast water. 4. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein:
when the first valve is in a closed position, the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank is divided; and when the second valve is in an open position, the fluid communication between the body of water and the second opening is established. 5. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 4, wherein the thruster is configured to provide a thrust to the boat athwartships. 6. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 5, wherein the thrust pushes the boat in a port or starboard direction. 7. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 4, wherein the thruster is configured to provide propulsive thrust to the boat. 8. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 7, wherein the thrust pushes the boat one of forward or reverse. 9. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, further comprising:
a second conduit disposed within the hull of the boat, the second conduit including:
a third opening in fluid communication with the body of water,
a fourth opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water, and
a second outlet disposed within the boat;
a second ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the second conduit via the second outlet; a second thruster disposed within the second conduit and configured to move water through the second conduit; a third valve disposed in the second conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second conduit and the second ballast tank; and a fourth valve disposed in the second conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the fourth opening and the body of water. 10. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein one of the second opening or the fourth opening is disposed on a starboard side of the boat, and the other of the second opening or the fourth opening is disposed on the port side of the boat. 11. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein as one of the first valve or second valve transitions between an open and closed position, a flow of the thruster is reduced. 12. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein the thruster and the second thruster generate thrusts in a starboard direction in one configuration, and generate thrusts in a port direction in another configuration. 13. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 9, wherein one of the thruster or the second thruster generates a thrust in a starboard direction and the other of the thruster or the second thruster generates a thrust in a port direction to generate a couple on the boat causing a rotation about a vertical axis of the boat. 14. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the thruster is configured to dewater a compartment in the boat in a damage control situation. 15. The integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the thruster generates a moment which rotates the boat about a vertical axis. 16. A boat comprising the integrated thruster and ballast system of claim 1, wherein the integrated thruster and ballast system is configured as a bow thruster to provide thrust athwartships to the boat. 17. An integrated thruster and ballast system for a boat, the integrated thruster and ballast system comprising:
a conduit disposed within a hull of the boat, the conduit including:
a first opening in fluid communication with a body of water,
an outlet disposed within the boat;
a ballast tank in selective fluid communication with the conduit via the outlet; a thruster disposed within the conduit and configured to move water through the conduit; a first valve disposed in the conduit and configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the conduit and the ballast tank. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first opening is situated at the transom of the boat. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
a second opening in selective fluid communication with the body of water; a second valve disposed configured to selectively divide or establish the fluid communication between the second opening and the body of water. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second opening is located in a keel of the boat. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the second valve includes a flapper operable to selectively open or close the second opening. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the second opening expels water such that the expelled water causes a thrust on the boat that has a horizontal component tending to move the boat backward. 23. The system of claim 17, further comprising a deflector that is selectively positionable over the first opening and operable to deflect water expelled from the opening to cause a thrust on the boat tending to move the boat backward. 24. A boat including the integrated thruster and ballast systems of claim 18, wherein the ballast tank is selectively fluidly connected to the body of water using a plurality of first openings spaced apart from one another along the transom of the boat. | 3,600 |
344,337 | 16,803,804 | 3,617 | A package comprising a substrate, an integrated device, and an interconnect structure. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The substrate further includes a plurality of interconnects for providing at least one electrical connection to a board. The integrated device is coupled to the first surface of the substrate. The interconnect structure is coupled to the first surface of the substrate. The integrated device, the interconnect structure and the substrate are coupled together in such a way that when a first electrical signal travels between the integrated device and the board, the first electrical signal travels through at least the substrate, then through the interconnect structure and back through the substrate. | 1. A package comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of first interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; an integrated device coupled to the substrate; and an interconnect structure coupled to the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the interconnect structure and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the interconnect structure, and from the interconnect structure back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 2. The package of claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the interconnect structure comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 3. The package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect structure comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 4. The package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect structure comprises another substrate having a plurality of fourth interconnects. 5. The package of claim 1,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 6. The package of claim 5, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 7. The package of claim 5,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical path bypasses the interconnect structure. 8. The package of claim 1, wherein the package is coupled to the board such that the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located between the substrate and the board. 9. The package of claim 8, wherein the package is part of a package on package (PoP). 10. (canceled) 11. The package of claim 1, further comprising
a second integrated device coupled to a second surface of the substrate, and a second interconnect structure coupled to a second surface of the substrate. 12. The package of claim 1, wherein the package is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, an internet of things (IoT) device, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 13. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; an integrated device coupled to the substrate; and means for interconnect redistribution coupled to a surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the means for interconnect redistribution are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the means for interconnect redistribution and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the means for interconnect redistribution, and from the means for interconnect redistribution back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 14. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises another substrate having a plurality of fourth interconnects. 17. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the means for interconnect redistribution, and back through the substrate. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the means for interconnect redistribution, and back through the substrate. 19. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical signal path bypasses the means for interconnect redistribution. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, an internet of things (IoT) device, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 21. A method for fabricating a package, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a plurality of interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; coupling an integrated device to the substrate; and coupling an interconnect structure to of the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the interconnect structure, and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the interconnect structure, and from the interconnect structure back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the interconnect structure comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the interconnect structure comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the interconnect structure comprises another substrate having a plurality of interconnects. 25. The method of claim 21,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 27. The method of claim 25,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical path bypasses the interconnect structure. 28. The package of claim 1, further comprising
a third integrated device coupled to the surface of the second substrate; and a third interconnect structure coupled to the surface of the second substrate. | A package comprising a substrate, an integrated device, and an interconnect structure. The substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The substrate further includes a plurality of interconnects for providing at least one electrical connection to a board. The integrated device is coupled to the first surface of the substrate. The interconnect structure is coupled to the first surface of the substrate. The integrated device, the interconnect structure and the substrate are coupled together in such a way that when a first electrical signal travels between the integrated device and the board, the first electrical signal travels through at least the substrate, then through the interconnect structure and back through the substrate.1. A package comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of first interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; an integrated device coupled to the substrate; and an interconnect structure coupled to the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the interconnect structure and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the interconnect structure, and from the interconnect structure back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 2. The package of claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the interconnect structure comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 3. The package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect structure comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 4. The package of claim 1, wherein the interconnect structure comprises another substrate having a plurality of fourth interconnects. 5. The package of claim 1,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 6. The package of claim 5, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 7. The package of claim 5,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical path bypasses the interconnect structure. 8. The package of claim 1, wherein the package is coupled to the board such that the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located between the substrate and the board. 9. The package of claim 8, wherein the package is part of a package on package (PoP). 10. (canceled) 11. The package of claim 1, further comprising
a second integrated device coupled to a second surface of the substrate, and a second interconnect structure coupled to a second surface of the substrate. 12. The package of claim 1, wherein the package is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, an internet of things (IoT) device, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 13. An apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a plurality of interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; an integrated device coupled to the substrate; and means for interconnect redistribution coupled to a surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the means for interconnect redistribution are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the means for interconnect redistribution and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the means for interconnect redistribution, and from the means for interconnect redistribution back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 14. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the means for interconnect redistribution comprises another substrate having a plurality of fourth interconnects. 17. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the means for interconnect redistribution, and back through the substrate. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the means for interconnect redistribution, and back through the substrate. 19. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical signal path bypasses the means for interconnect redistribution. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is incorporated into a device selected from a group consisting of a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communications device, a mobile device, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a fixed location terminal, a tablet computer, a computer, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a server, an internet of things (IoT) device, and a device in an automotive vehicle. 21. A method for fabricating a package, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a plurality of interconnects and a plurality of second interconnects, the plurality of second interconnects located on a first surface of the substrate and configured to electrically couple the substrate to a board or to a second substrate; coupling an integrated device to the substrate; and coupling an interconnect structure to of the substrate, wherein the integrated device and the interconnect structure are located laterally to the plurality of second interconnects and located on the first surface of the substrate, wherein the integrated device, the interconnect structure, and the substrate provide an electrical path from the integrated device to the substrate, from the substrate to the interconnect structure, and from the interconnect structure back to the substrate for a first electrical signal of the integrated device. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the plurality of first interconnects of the substrate comprises a first minimum pitch, and wherein the interconnect structure comprises a plurality of third interconnects having a second minimum pitch that is less than the first minimum pitch. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the interconnect structure comprises at least one dielectric layer and a plurality of redistribution interconnects. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the interconnect structure comprises another substrate having a plurality of interconnects. 25. The method of claim 21,
wherein the integrated device is configured to perform a first function and a second function, and wherein the first function is configured to send the first electrical signal through the electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, then through the interconnect structure, and back through the substrate. 27. The method of claim 25,
wherein the second function is associated with a second electrical path for a second electrical signal, the second electrical path from the integrated device, through the substrate, and wherein the second electrical path bypasses the interconnect structure. 28. The package of claim 1, further comprising
a third integrated device coupled to the surface of the second substrate; and a third interconnect structure coupled to the surface of the second substrate. | 3,600 |
344,338 | 16,803,818 | 3,617 | In one embodiment, a processing device receives a request to claim ownership of a first hosted media item on a first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is incorporated into the first hosted media item. The processing device adds an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store. The processing device determines that a second hosted media item having a threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is hosted by a second media sharing platform. The processing device automatically adds an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a request to claim ownership of a first hosted media item on a first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is at least partially incorporated into the first hosted media item that is hosted by the first media sharing platform; adding an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store; determining that a second hosted media item having a threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is hosted by a second media sharing platform; and automatically adding an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the rights holder to block access o the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; causing the first media sharing platform to block access to the first hosted media item, and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to block access to the second hosted media item. 3. The method of claim 2, farther comprising:
causing the first media sharing platform to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to remove the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the request comprises instructions to block access to all hosted media items comprising at least portions of the claimed media item that share a category with the first hosted media item, the method further comprising:
determining a plurality of additional hosted media items that also contain at least a portion of the claimed media item, wherein each of the plurality of additional hosted media items is hosted by one of a plurality of media sharing platforms, and wherein the second hosted media item is one of the plurality of additional hosted media items; determining the category of the first hosted media item; determining a category of the each of the plurality of additional hosted media items; and determining that the category of the second hosted media item matches the category of the first hosted media item. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the rights holder to block access to the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; causing the first media sharing platform to perform at least one of muting the first hosted media item or replacing audio of the first hosted media item; and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to perform at least one of muting the second hosted media item or replacing audio of the second hosted media item. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a first amount of resources due to the rights holder based on the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; determining a second amount of resources due to the rights holder based on the second hosted media item on the second media sharing platform; aggregating the first amount of resources and the second amount of resources; and providing an aggregate of the first amount of resources and the second amount of resources to the rights holder. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving at least one of a) the first hosted media item or b) at least one of a first digital fingerprint of audio data of the first hosted media item or a second digital fingerprint of video data of the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; generating at least one of the first digital fingerprint from the audio data of the first hosted media item or the second digital fingerprint from the video data of the first hosted media item if the at least one of the first digital fingerprint or the second digital fingerprint were not received; generating the first entry for the first hosted media item in the data store, the first entry comprising at least one of the first digital fingerprint or the second digital fingerprint; receiving at least one of a) the second hosted media item or b) at least one of a third digital fingerprint of audio data of the second hosted media item or a fourth digital fingerprint of video data of the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform; generating at least one of the third digital fingerprint from the audio data of the second hosted media item or the fourth digital fingerprint from the video data of the second hosted media item if the at least one of the third digital fingerprint or the fourth digital fingerprint were not received; generating the second entry for the second hosted media item in the data store, the second entry comprising at least one of the third digital fingerprint or the fourth digital fingerprint; and determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item by at least one of: a) identifying a match between the first digital fingerprint and the third digital fingerprint or b) identifying a match between the second digital fingerprint and the fourth digital fingerprint. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the claimed media item is an audio recording, wherein the first hosted media item comprises at least a first portion of the audio recording and at least a first portion of a video, and wherein the second hosted media item comprises at least a second portion of the audio recording and at least a second portion of the video, the method further comprising:
receiving at least one of the claimed media item or a fifth digital fingerprint of the audio recording; generating the fifth digital fingerprint of the audio recording if the fifth digital fingerprint was not received; determining that the first digital fingerprint matches the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least the first portion of the audio recording based on the first digital fingerprint matching the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item comprises at least the second portion of the audio recording based on the third digital fingerprint matching the fifth digital fingerprint; responsive to determining that both the first hosted media item and the second hosted media item comprise portions of the claimed media item, comparing the second digital fingerprint to the fourth digital fingerprint; and determining that at least a first portion of the second digital fingerprint of at least the first portion of the video matches at least a first portion of the fourth digital fingerprint of at least the second portion of the video. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is performed prior to receiving the request to claim ownership of the first hosted media item. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a plurality of additional hosted media items that also contain at least a portion of the claimed media item, wherein each of the plurality of additional hosted media items is hosted by one of a plurality of media sharing platforms, and wherein the second hosted media item is one of the plurality of additional hosted media items; comparing a digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of the plurality of additional hosted media items; and determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item based on determining that the digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item matches a digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the claimed media item is a recording of a performance of a song, the method further comprising:
determining that the first hosted media item comprises a cover of the song; and determining that the second hosted media item comprises an additional cover of the song. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the claimed media item is a recording of a performance of a song, the method further comprising:
determining lyrics of the song; processing the second hosted media item, using a trained machine learning model to generate a transcription of the second hosted media item; and determining that the transcription of the second hosted media item comprises the lyrics of the song. 13. A method comprising:
receiving at least one of a) a first hosted media item or b) a first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item from a first media sharing platform, wherein the first hosted media item is associated with a first user account on the first media sharing platform; generating a first digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the first hosted media item or video data of the first hosted media item if the first digital fingerprint was not received; generating a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store, the first entry comprising an indication of the first media sharing platform, an indication of the first user account, and the first digital fingerprint; receiving at least one of a) a second hosted media item or b) a second digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item from a second media sharing platform, wherein the second hosted media item is associated with a second user account on the second media sharing platform; generating a second digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the second hosted media item or video data of the second hosted media item if the second digital fingerprint was not received; determining that the second digital fingerprint has at least a threshold similarity to the first digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item is a copy of the first hosted media item; and determining correct ownership of the second hosted media item. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the second user account is not associated with the first user account; determining a third user account on the second media sharing platform that is associated with the first user account on the first media sharing platform; generating a second entry for the second hosted media item in the data store, the second entry comprising an indication of the second media sharing platform, an indication of the third user account, and the second digital fingerprint; and attributing ownership of the second hosted media item to the third user account rather than to the second user account. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a request to link the first user account on the first media sharing platform with the third user account on the second media sharing platform; and linking the first user account with the third user account. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the second user account is not associated with the first user account; and causing access to the second hosted media item on the second media sharing platform to be blocked. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the first user account is linked to a fourth user account on a third media sharing platform; automatically uploading the first hosted media item to the third media sharing platform using the fourth user account; and generating a third entry for the first hosted media item in the data store, the third entry comprising an indication of the third media sharing platform, an indication of the fourth user account, and the first digital fingerprint. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to:
receive, from a first media sharing platform, at least one of a first hosted media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item;
generate a first digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the first hosted media item or video data of the first hosted media item if the first digital fingerprint was not received;
generate a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store, the first entry comprising an indication of the first media sharing platform and the first digital fingerprint;
compare the first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of a plurality of other hosted media items hosted by a plurality of media sharing platforms;
determine that the first digital fingerprint has at least a threshold similarity to a second digital fingerprint associated with a second hosted media item hosted by a second media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms; and
determine that the first hosted media item is a copy of the second hosted media item. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
compare the first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of a plurality of known claimed media items; determine that the first digital fingerprint has a threshold similarity to a third digital fingerprint of a known claimed media item; determine that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the known claimed media item; and add an indication in the first entry that the first hosted media item comprises at least the portion of the known claimed media item. 20. The computing device of claim 19, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a plurality of additional hosted media items that also comprise at least a portion of the known claimed media item, wherein the first digital fingerprint is compared to digital fingerprints of the plurality of additional hosted media items that also comprise at least a portion of the known claimed media item. 21. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request to claim ownership of the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is at least partially incorporated into the first hosted media item; add an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to the first entry for the first hosted media item in the data store; and automatically add an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item. 22. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request from the rights holder to block access to the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; cause the first media sharing platform to block access to the first hosted media item; and automatically cause the second media sharing platform to block access to the second hosted media item. 23. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request from the rights holder to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; cause the first media sharing platform to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; and automatically cause the second media sharing platform to remove the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform. | In one embodiment, a processing device receives a request to claim ownership of a first hosted media item on a first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is incorporated into the first hosted media item. The processing device adds an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store. The processing device determines that a second hosted media item having a threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is hosted by a second media sharing platform. The processing device automatically adds an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item.1. A method comprising:
receiving a request to claim ownership of a first hosted media item on a first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is at least partially incorporated into the first hosted media item that is hosted by the first media sharing platform; adding an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store; determining that a second hosted media item having a threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is hosted by a second media sharing platform; and automatically adding an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the rights holder to block access o the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; causing the first media sharing platform to block access to the first hosted media item, and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to block access to the second hosted media item. 3. The method of claim 2, farther comprising:
causing the first media sharing platform to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to remove the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the request comprises instructions to block access to all hosted media items comprising at least portions of the claimed media item that share a category with the first hosted media item, the method further comprising:
determining a plurality of additional hosted media items that also contain at least a portion of the claimed media item, wherein each of the plurality of additional hosted media items is hosted by one of a plurality of media sharing platforms, and wherein the second hosted media item is one of the plurality of additional hosted media items; determining the category of the first hosted media item; determining a category of the each of the plurality of additional hosted media items; and determining that the category of the second hosted media item matches the category of the first hosted media item. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the rights holder to block access to the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; causing the first media sharing platform to perform at least one of muting the first hosted media item or replacing audio of the first hosted media item; and automatically causing the second media sharing platform to perform at least one of muting the second hosted media item or replacing audio of the second hosted media item. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a first amount of resources due to the rights holder based on the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; determining a second amount of resources due to the rights holder based on the second hosted media item on the second media sharing platform; aggregating the first amount of resources and the second amount of resources; and providing an aggregate of the first amount of resources and the second amount of resources to the rights holder. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving at least one of a) the first hosted media item or b) at least one of a first digital fingerprint of audio data of the first hosted media item or a second digital fingerprint of video data of the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; generating at least one of the first digital fingerprint from the audio data of the first hosted media item or the second digital fingerprint from the video data of the first hosted media item if the at least one of the first digital fingerprint or the second digital fingerprint were not received; generating the first entry for the first hosted media item in the data store, the first entry comprising at least one of the first digital fingerprint or the second digital fingerprint; receiving at least one of a) the second hosted media item or b) at least one of a third digital fingerprint of audio data of the second hosted media item or a fourth digital fingerprint of video data of the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform; generating at least one of the third digital fingerprint from the audio data of the second hosted media item or the fourth digital fingerprint from the video data of the second hosted media item if the at least one of the third digital fingerprint or the fourth digital fingerprint were not received; generating the second entry for the second hosted media item in the data store, the second entry comprising at least one of the third digital fingerprint or the fourth digital fingerprint; and determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item by at least one of: a) identifying a match between the first digital fingerprint and the third digital fingerprint or b) identifying a match between the second digital fingerprint and the fourth digital fingerprint. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the claimed media item is an audio recording, wherein the first hosted media item comprises at least a first portion of the audio recording and at least a first portion of a video, and wherein the second hosted media item comprises at least a second portion of the audio recording and at least a second portion of the video, the method further comprising:
receiving at least one of the claimed media item or a fifth digital fingerprint of the audio recording; generating the fifth digital fingerprint of the audio recording if the fifth digital fingerprint was not received; determining that the first digital fingerprint matches the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least the first portion of the audio recording based on the first digital fingerprint matching the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the fifth digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item comprises at least the second portion of the audio recording based on the third digital fingerprint matching the fifth digital fingerprint; responsive to determining that both the first hosted media item and the second hosted media item comprise portions of the claimed media item, comparing the second digital fingerprint to the fourth digital fingerprint; and determining that at least a first portion of the second digital fingerprint of at least the first portion of the video matches at least a first portion of the fourth digital fingerprint of at least the second portion of the video. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item is performed prior to receiving the request to claim ownership of the first hosted media item. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a plurality of additional hosted media items that also contain at least a portion of the claimed media item, wherein each of the plurality of additional hosted media items is hosted by one of a plurality of media sharing platforms, and wherein the second hosted media item is one of the plurality of additional hosted media items; comparing a digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of the plurality of additional hosted media items; and determining that the second hosted media item has the threshold similarity to the first hosted media item based on determining that the digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item matches a digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the claimed media item is a recording of a performance of a song, the method further comprising:
determining that the first hosted media item comprises a cover of the song; and determining that the second hosted media item comprises an additional cover of the song. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the claimed media item is a recording of a performance of a song, the method further comprising:
determining lyrics of the song; processing the second hosted media item, using a trained machine learning model to generate a transcription of the second hosted media item; and determining that the transcription of the second hosted media item comprises the lyrics of the song. 13. A method comprising:
receiving at least one of a) a first hosted media item or b) a first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item from a first media sharing platform, wherein the first hosted media item is associated with a first user account on the first media sharing platform; generating a first digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the first hosted media item or video data of the first hosted media item if the first digital fingerprint was not received; generating a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store, the first entry comprising an indication of the first media sharing platform, an indication of the first user account, and the first digital fingerprint; receiving at least one of a) a second hosted media item or b) a second digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item from a second media sharing platform, wherein the second hosted media item is associated with a second user account on the second media sharing platform; generating a second digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the second hosted media item or video data of the second hosted media item if the second digital fingerprint was not received; determining that the second digital fingerprint has at least a threshold similarity to the first digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item is a copy of the first hosted media item; and determining correct ownership of the second hosted media item. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the second user account is not associated with the first user account; determining a third user account on the second media sharing platform that is associated with the first user account on the first media sharing platform; generating a second entry for the second hosted media item in the data store, the second entry comprising an indication of the second media sharing platform, an indication of the third user account, and the second digital fingerprint; and attributing ownership of the second hosted media item to the third user account rather than to the second user account. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a request to link the first user account on the first media sharing platform with the third user account on the second media sharing platform; and linking the first user account with the third user account. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the second user account is not associated with the first user account; and causing access to the second hosted media item on the second media sharing platform to be blocked. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the first user account is linked to a fourth user account on a third media sharing platform; automatically uploading the first hosted media item to the third media sharing platform using the fourth user account; and generating a third entry for the first hosted media item in the data store, the third entry comprising an indication of the third media sharing platform, an indication of the fourth user account, and the first digital fingerprint. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to:
receive, from a first media sharing platform, at least one of a first hosted media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item;
generate a first digital fingerprint of at least one of audio data of the first hosted media item or video data of the first hosted media item if the first digital fingerprint was not received;
generate a first entry for the first hosted media item in a data store, the first entry comprising an indication of the first media sharing platform and the first digital fingerprint;
compare the first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of a plurality of other hosted media items hosted by a plurality of media sharing platforms;
determine that the first digital fingerprint has at least a threshold similarity to a second digital fingerprint associated with a second hosted media item hosted by a second media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms; and
determine that the first hosted media item is a copy of the second hosted media item. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
compare the first digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item to digital fingerprints of a plurality of known claimed media items; determine that the first digital fingerprint has a threshold similarity to a third digital fingerprint of a known claimed media item; determine that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the known claimed media item; and add an indication in the first entry that the first hosted media item comprises at least the portion of the known claimed media item. 20. The computing device of claim 19, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a plurality of additional hosted media items that also comprise at least a portion of the known claimed media item, wherein the first digital fingerprint is compared to digital fingerprints of the plurality of additional hosted media items that also comprise at least a portion of the known claimed media item. 21. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request to claim ownership of the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform, wherein the request is received from a rights holder that holds one or more rights to a claimed media item that is at least partially incorporated into the first hosted media item; add an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to the first entry for the first hosted media item in the data store; and automatically add an indicator of the ownership of the rights holder to a second entry for the second hosted media item without receiving a separate request to claim ownership of the second hosted media item. 22. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request from the rights holder to block access to the first hosted media item on the first media sharing platform; cause the first media sharing platform to block access to the first hosted media item; and automatically cause the second media sharing platform to block access to the second hosted media item. 23. The computing device of claim 21, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a request from the rights holder to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; cause the first media sharing platform to remove the first hosted media item from the first media sharing platform; and automatically cause the second media sharing platform to remove the second hosted media item from the second media sharing platform. | 3,600 |
344,339 | 16,803,783 | 3,617 | A system for processing a sample includes a chamber having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, where the chamber is configured to accommodate flow of the sample from the at least one inlet toward the at least one outlet, and an imager array configured to image the flow of the sample in the chamber, where the imager array includes at least one lensless image sensor configurable opposite at least one light source. | 1-81. (canceled) 82. A system for enabling selection of a cell of interest from a population of cells, the system comprising:
an encapsulation reagent comprising a density greater than about 1.0; and a first plurality of particles suspended in aqueous media, wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the cell of interest. 83. The system of claim 82, wherein the encapsulation reagent comprises a surfactant. 84. (canceled) 85. The system of claim 82, further comprising a first cluster site formed by a binding of the first and second binding partners. 86. (canceled) 87. The system of claim 82, wherein the first plurality of particles comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: polystyrene, gold, cellulose, latex, agarose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), glass, and magnetic beads, and wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles comprises a diameter between about 30 nm to about 50 μm. 88. The system of claim 82, wherein the first binding partner comprises a first protein or peptide, and the second binding partner comprises a second protein or peptide. 89. The system of claim 88, wherein the first binding partner or the second binding partner is an antigen or antibody. 90. (canceled) 91. The system of claim 82, further comprising a second plurality of particles, wherein each particle of the second plurality of particles comprises a third binding partner that is specific to a fourth binding partner secreted by the cell of interest. 92. The system of claim 91, further comprising a first cluster site and a second cluster site for enabling the selection of the cell of interest from the population of cells, the first cluster site formed by a binding of the first and second binding partners, and the second cluster site formed by a binding of the third and fourth binding partners. 93. The system of claim 92, wherein the second binding partner and the fourth binding partner secreted by the cell of interest are a first component and a second component of an antibody, respectively. 94. (canceled) 95. The system of claim 82, wherein the first plurality of particles comprise a second population of cells, and the first binding partner comprises antigens expressed on the second population of cells. 96. A mixture comprising:
an encapsulation reagent; one or more first particles suspended in aqueous media, each first particle comprising a first binding partner; and a population of cells, comprising at least one cell of interest that secretes a protein of interest having a second binding partner, wherein the first binding partner is specific to the second binding partner. 97-115. (canceled) 116. A method of preparing a sample for a clustering assay system, the method comprising:
providing a population of cells, the population of cells comprising at least one cell of interest; combining the population of cells, a first plurality of particles, and an encapsulation reagent to create a mixture, wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles is suspended in aqueous media and comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest; and agitating the mixture to create an emulsion, thereby encapsulating the population of cells into a plurality of polydisperse sample entities. 117-131. (canceled) 132. A method of selecting at least one cell of interest from a population of cells, the method comprising:
providing an emulsion comprising the population of cells and a first plurality of particles, wherein the population of cells and the first plurality of particles are encapsulated into a plurality of polydisperse sample entities, and wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles is suspended in aqueous media and comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest; measuring a signal for at least one sample entity, wherein the signal is at least partially associated with binding of the first and second binding partners; and identifying the at least one cell of interest based at least in part on the measured signal. 133. The method of claim 132, wherein the second binding partner is coupled to a first component of a protein of interest secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the measured signal quantifies the protein of interest in the at least one sample entity. 134. The method of claim 133, wherein identifying the at least one cell of interest comprises identifying at least a portion of the sample entities that has a measured signal greater than a predetermined threshold. 135. (canceled) 136. The method of claim 132, wherein measuring the signal for the at least one sample entity comprises receiving at least one shadow image of the at least one sample entity, and determining a size score of at least one object in the sample entity based on the at least one shadow image, wherein the measured signal is based at least in part on the size score. 137. (canceled) 138. The method of claim 132, the emulsion further comprising a second plurality of particles encapsulated into the plurality of polydisperse sample entities, wherein each particle of the second plurality of particles comprises a third binding partner that is specific to a fourth binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the signal is at least partially associated with a binding of the first and second binding partners, and at least partially associated with a binding of the third and fourth binding partners. 139. (canceled) 140. The method of claim 138, wherein the second binding partner and the fourth binding partner are associated with a protein of interest secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the measured signal quantifies binding affinity of the protein of interest to the first binding partner or the third binding partner. 141. (canceled) 142. The method of claim 132, further comprising the step of removing the at least one cell of interest from the polydisperse sample entities. 143. (canceled) 144. The method of claim 132, wherein the first plurality of particles comprise a second population of cells, and the first binding partner comprises antigens expressed on the second population of cells. | A system for processing a sample includes a chamber having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, where the chamber is configured to accommodate flow of the sample from the at least one inlet toward the at least one outlet, and an imager array configured to image the flow of the sample in the chamber, where the imager array includes at least one lensless image sensor configurable opposite at least one light source.1-81. (canceled) 82. A system for enabling selection of a cell of interest from a population of cells, the system comprising:
an encapsulation reagent comprising a density greater than about 1.0; and a first plurality of particles suspended in aqueous media, wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the cell of interest. 83. The system of claim 82, wherein the encapsulation reagent comprises a surfactant. 84. (canceled) 85. The system of claim 82, further comprising a first cluster site formed by a binding of the first and second binding partners. 86. (canceled) 87. The system of claim 82, wherein the first plurality of particles comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: polystyrene, gold, cellulose, latex, agarose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), glass, and magnetic beads, and wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles comprises a diameter between about 30 nm to about 50 μm. 88. The system of claim 82, wherein the first binding partner comprises a first protein or peptide, and the second binding partner comprises a second protein or peptide. 89. The system of claim 88, wherein the first binding partner or the second binding partner is an antigen or antibody. 90. (canceled) 91. The system of claim 82, further comprising a second plurality of particles, wherein each particle of the second plurality of particles comprises a third binding partner that is specific to a fourth binding partner secreted by the cell of interest. 92. The system of claim 91, further comprising a first cluster site and a second cluster site for enabling the selection of the cell of interest from the population of cells, the first cluster site formed by a binding of the first and second binding partners, and the second cluster site formed by a binding of the third and fourth binding partners. 93. The system of claim 92, wherein the second binding partner and the fourth binding partner secreted by the cell of interest are a first component and a second component of an antibody, respectively. 94. (canceled) 95. The system of claim 82, wherein the first plurality of particles comprise a second population of cells, and the first binding partner comprises antigens expressed on the second population of cells. 96. A mixture comprising:
an encapsulation reagent; one or more first particles suspended in aqueous media, each first particle comprising a first binding partner; and a population of cells, comprising at least one cell of interest that secretes a protein of interest having a second binding partner, wherein the first binding partner is specific to the second binding partner. 97-115. (canceled) 116. A method of preparing a sample for a clustering assay system, the method comprising:
providing a population of cells, the population of cells comprising at least one cell of interest; combining the population of cells, a first plurality of particles, and an encapsulation reagent to create a mixture, wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles is suspended in aqueous media and comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest; and agitating the mixture to create an emulsion, thereby encapsulating the population of cells into a plurality of polydisperse sample entities. 117-131. (canceled) 132. A method of selecting at least one cell of interest from a population of cells, the method comprising:
providing an emulsion comprising the population of cells and a first plurality of particles, wherein the population of cells and the first plurality of particles are encapsulated into a plurality of polydisperse sample entities, and wherein each particle of the first plurality of particles is suspended in aqueous media and comprises a first binding partner that is specific to a second binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest; measuring a signal for at least one sample entity, wherein the signal is at least partially associated with binding of the first and second binding partners; and identifying the at least one cell of interest based at least in part on the measured signal. 133. The method of claim 132, wherein the second binding partner is coupled to a first component of a protein of interest secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the measured signal quantifies the protein of interest in the at least one sample entity. 134. The method of claim 133, wherein identifying the at least one cell of interest comprises identifying at least a portion of the sample entities that has a measured signal greater than a predetermined threshold. 135. (canceled) 136. The method of claim 132, wherein measuring the signal for the at least one sample entity comprises receiving at least one shadow image of the at least one sample entity, and determining a size score of at least one object in the sample entity based on the at least one shadow image, wherein the measured signal is based at least in part on the size score. 137. (canceled) 138. The method of claim 132, the emulsion further comprising a second plurality of particles encapsulated into the plurality of polydisperse sample entities, wherein each particle of the second plurality of particles comprises a third binding partner that is specific to a fourth binding partner secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the signal is at least partially associated with a binding of the first and second binding partners, and at least partially associated with a binding of the third and fourth binding partners. 139. (canceled) 140. The method of claim 138, wherein the second binding partner and the fourth binding partner are associated with a protein of interest secreted by the at least one cell of interest, and wherein the measured signal quantifies binding affinity of the protein of interest to the first binding partner or the third binding partner. 141. (canceled) 142. The method of claim 132, further comprising the step of removing the at least one cell of interest from the polydisperse sample entities. 143. (canceled) 144. The method of claim 132, wherein the first plurality of particles comprise a second population of cells, and the first binding partner comprises antigens expressed on the second population of cells. | 3,600 |
344,340 | 16,803,800 | 3,617 | A secure, reliable telehealth delivery platform that also provides flexibility and scalability. The platform includes a plurality of geographically dispersed communication servers that facilitate communication sessions between remotely located patients and healthcare providers over a public communications network. The platform includes a connectivity server that manages access among users and locations. The platform also includes a monitoring server that monitors the health and usage of devices coupled to the network and proactively identifies issues requiring intervention before service interruptions occur. That platform may also provide clients in heavily-restricted network environments with seamless access to multiple third-party web service providers. | 1. A telehealth system, comprising:
a public communications network (PCN); a first server coupled to the PCN, the first server having a first address on the PCN; a second server coupled to the PCN, the second server having a second address on the PCN; a user device coupled to the PCN via a firewall that is configured to allow communications between the first address and the user device and block communications between the second address and the user device, wherein, when the first server receives a request from the user device that includes a request for a service provided by the second server, the first server relays the request from the user device to the second server and relays a response to the request from the second server to the user device. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an access control server that can be configured to deny access by the user device to the service provided by the second server. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the service is a videoconferencing service. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the videoconferencing service receives video from the user device via the first server and transmits the video from the user device to a second user device coupled to the PCN. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a third server that provides a clinical documentation service accessible to the user device via the first server. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the access control server can be configured to deny access by the user device to the clinical documentation service. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a third server, wherein the first server relays a first request for the service provided by the second server to the second server and relays a second request for the service to the third server. 8. A method in a telehealth server, the method comprising:
receiving a first request from a client device via a firewall configured to allow connections between the client device and the telehealth server and block connections between the client device and a second server, the first request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies a target resource; generating a second request for the target resource; transmitting the second request to the second server; receiving a response to the second request from the second server; and transmitting the response to the client device via the firewall. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein generating the second request includes determining a host name of the second server using the second portion of the first request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the second request includes appending the second portion of the first request to the host name of the second server. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising changing the host name of the second server to the host name of a third server. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving a third request from the client device, the third request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies the target resource. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a fourth request by appending the second portion of the third request to the host name of the third server. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the target resource is a videoconferencing service. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a third request from the client device, the third request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies a second target resource associated with a third server; generating a fourth request for the second target resource; transmitting the fourth request to the third server; receiving a response to the fourth request from the third server; and transmitting the response to the fourth request to the client device via the firewall. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second target resource is a medical imaging system. | A secure, reliable telehealth delivery platform that also provides flexibility and scalability. The platform includes a plurality of geographically dispersed communication servers that facilitate communication sessions between remotely located patients and healthcare providers over a public communications network. The platform includes a connectivity server that manages access among users and locations. The platform also includes a monitoring server that monitors the health and usage of devices coupled to the network and proactively identifies issues requiring intervention before service interruptions occur. That platform may also provide clients in heavily-restricted network environments with seamless access to multiple third-party web service providers.1. A telehealth system, comprising:
a public communications network (PCN); a first server coupled to the PCN, the first server having a first address on the PCN; a second server coupled to the PCN, the second server having a second address on the PCN; a user device coupled to the PCN via a firewall that is configured to allow communications between the first address and the user device and block communications between the second address and the user device, wherein, when the first server receives a request from the user device that includes a request for a service provided by the second server, the first server relays the request from the user device to the second server and relays a response to the request from the second server to the user device. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an access control server that can be configured to deny access by the user device to the service provided by the second server. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the service is a videoconferencing service. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the videoconferencing service receives video from the user device via the first server and transmits the video from the user device to a second user device coupled to the PCN. 5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a third server that provides a clinical documentation service accessible to the user device via the first server. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the access control server can be configured to deny access by the user device to the clinical documentation service. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a third server, wherein the first server relays a first request for the service provided by the second server to the second server and relays a second request for the service to the third server. 8. A method in a telehealth server, the method comprising:
receiving a first request from a client device via a firewall configured to allow connections between the client device and the telehealth server and block connections between the client device and a second server, the first request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies a target resource; generating a second request for the target resource; transmitting the second request to the second server; receiving a response to the second request from the second server; and transmitting the response to the client device via the firewall. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein generating the second request includes determining a host name of the second server using the second portion of the first request. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the second request includes appending the second portion of the first request to the host name of the second server. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising changing the host name of the second server to the host name of a third server. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving a third request from the client device, the third request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies the target resource. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising generating a fourth request by appending the second portion of the third request to the host name of the third server. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the target resource is a videoconferencing service. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a third request from the client device, the third request including a first portion that identifies the telehealth server and a second portion that identifies a second target resource associated with a third server; generating a fourth request for the second target resource; transmitting the fourth request to the third server; receiving a response to the fourth request from the third server; and transmitting the response to the fourth request to the client device via the firewall. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second target resource is a medical imaging system. | 3,600 |
344,341 | 16,803,814 | 3,617 | In one embodiment, a processing device receives a first digital fingerprint of a media item along with a first content management rule. The processing device separately receives a second digital fingerprint of the media item along with a second content management rule. The processing device determines that the received digital fingerprints are for the same media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint. The processing device determines that all rights to the media item have been accounted for, and then determines a set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule. Processing logic may also perform a conflict resolution process for conflicting rights claims to the media item. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a first rights holder, a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights holder owns a first set of rights to the claimed media item; receiving, from a second rights holder, a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the second rights holder owns a second set of rights to the claimed media item; generating a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received; generating a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received; comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint; determining whether all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and responsive to determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for, determining a set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein each action in the set of actions is associated with at least one of a territory, a media sharing platform, or a date range, and wherein the set of actions comprises actions for a plurality of media sharing platforms. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first request from a first media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generating the third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was included in the first request; comparing the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining a first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item based at least upon an identify of the first media sharing platform; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first unique identifier (ID) for the first hosted media item; notifying the first media sharing platform of the first unique ID for the first hosted media item; receiving a second request from the first media sharing platform responsive to a user attempting to view the first hosted media item from a first territory, the second request comprising the first unique ID and an identification of the first territory; determining an action to be performed for the first hosted media item based on the identity of the first media sharing platform, the first unique ID and the first territory; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the action to be performed for the first hosted media item. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a second request from a second media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the second request comprising at least one of a second hosted media item uploaded to the second media sharing platform or a fourth digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item; generating the fourth digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the second hosted media item unless the fourth digital fingerprint was included in the second request; comparing the fourth digital fingerprint to the plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items; determining that the fourth digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining a second subset of the set of actions to be performed for the second hosted media item based at least upon an identity of the second media sharing platform, wherein the second subset is different from the first subset; and notifying the second media sharing platform of the second subset of the set of actions to be performed for the second hosted media item. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first media sharing platform has exclusivity to the claimed media item for a specific territory, and wherein the second subset of actions comprises an action to prevent the second hosted media item from being shown in the specific territory. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first media sharing platform has exclusivity to the claimed media item, and wherein the second subset of actions comprises an action to a) mute the second hosted media item or b) replace audio of the second hosted media item with different audio during playback of the second hosted media item. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the first request further comprises an account ID of a first account on the first media sharing platform associated with the first hosted media item, the method further comprising:
determining that the first account is whitelisted for the claimed media item, wherein the first subset of actions includes actions that are not included in a second subset of the set of actions associated with a second account on the first media sharing platform and the second hosted media item that also comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that not all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and determining that hosted media items comprising the claimed media item are to be removed from or blocked on the plurality of different media sharing platforms. 9. The method of claim 1, wilier comprising:
receiving an instruction from the first rights holder to modify the first content management rule; and determining an updated set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the modified first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein an action for at least one of a media sharing platform or a territory is different between the set of actions and the updated set of actions. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, from a first rights holder, a first message comprising a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first rights claim associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights claim identifies a first set of rights to the claimed media item; receiving, from a second rights holder, a second message comprising a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second rights claim associated with the second copy of the claimed media item, wherein the second rights claim identifies a second set of rights to the claimed media item; generating a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received from the first rights holder; generating a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received from the second rights holder; comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first set of rights includes a particular right that is also included in the second set of rights; determining that a rights conflict exists between the first rights holder and the second rights holder with regards to the claimed media item; initiating a conflict resolution process between the first rights holder and the second rights holder to determine a proper rights holder for the particular right; sending a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the particular right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receiving a response from the first rights holder relinquishing their claim to the particular right; determining that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder; and resolving the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first message further comprises a first content management rule and the second message further comprises a second content management rule, the method further comprising:
receiving a first request from a first media sharing platform of a plurality of media sharing platforms during the conflict resolution process, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generating a third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was received; comparing the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; determining one or more actions that are permitted for the first hosted media item by both the first content management rule and the second content management rule; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the one or more actions to that are permitted for the first hosted media item. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining an amount of resources due to a holder of the particular right based on the first hosted media item; adding the amount of resources to an escrow account during the conflict resolution process; and providing the amount of resources to the second rights holder after resolving the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the particular right is a right to the claimed media item on a first media sharing platform, the method further comprising:
determining that the first set of rights includes an additional right that is also included in the second set of rights, wherein the conflict resolution process is further to determine the proper rights holder for the additional right, wherein the additional right is a right to the claimed media item on a second media sharing platform; sending a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the additional right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receiving a response from the second rights holder relinquishing their claim to the additional right; and determining that the additional right belongs to the first rights holder. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the particular right is a right associated at least one of a first territory, a first media sharing platform, or a first time range, the method further comprising:
determining that the first set of rights includes an additional right that is also included in the second set of rights, wherein the conflict resolution process is further to determine the proper rights holder for the additional right, wherein the additional right is associated with at least one of a second territory, a second media sharing platform or a second time range; determining that the rights conflict for the particular right was resolved in favor of the second rights holder; and suggesting that the rights conflict for the additional right also be resolved in favor of the second rights holder based on similarities between the particular right and the additional right. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining that the first rights holder and the second rights holder have agreed to automatic rights conflict resolution; and automatically resolving the rights conflict for the additional right in favor of the second rights holder. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
computing a first data credibility rating for the first rights holder based on at least one of a) a number of rights conflicts caused by rights claims of the first rights holder or b) a number of rights conflicts resolutions that resolved in favor of the first rights holder; computing a second data credibility rating for the second rights holder based on at least one of a) a number of rights conflicts caused by rights claims of the second rights holder or b) a number of rights conflicts resolutions that resolved in favor of the second rights holder; determining that the second data credibility rating is higher than the first data credibility rating; and suggesting that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first message further comprises first metadata describing the claimed media item, and wherein the second message further comprises second metadata describing the claimed media item, the method further comprising:
making a determination that a similarity between the first metadata and the second metadata meets or exceeds a similarity threshold; and comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint responsive to making the determination. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to:
receive, from a first rights holder, a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights holder owns a first set of rights to the claimed media item;
receive, from a second rights holder, a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the second rights holder owns a second set of rights to the claimed media item;
generate a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received from the first rights holder;
generate a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received from the second rights holder;
compare the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint;
determine that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint;
determine whether all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and
responsive to determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for, determine a set of actions to be performed for content comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein each action in the set of actions is associated with at least one of a territory, media sharing platform, or a date range, and wherein the set of actions comprises actions for a plurality of media sharing platforms. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a first request from a first media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generate a third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was included in the first request; compare the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determine that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determine that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determine a first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item based at least upon an identify of the first media sharing platform; and notify the first media sharing platform of the first subset of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive, from the first rights holder, a first rights claim associated with the first copy of the claimed media item, wherein the first rights claim identifies the first set of rights to the claimed media item; receive, from the second rights holder, a second rights claim associated with the second copy of the claimed media item, wherein the second rights claim identifies the second set of rights to the claimed media item; determine that the first set of rights includes a particular right that is also included in the second set of rights; determine that a rights conflict exists between the first rights holder and the second rights holder with regards to the claimed media item; initiate a conflict resolution process between the first rights holder and the second rights holder to determine a proper rights holder for the particular right; send a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the particular right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receive a response from the first rights holder relinquishing their claim to the particular right; determine that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder; and resolve the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. | In one embodiment, a processing device receives a first digital fingerprint of a media item along with a first content management rule. The processing device separately receives a second digital fingerprint of the media item along with a second content management rule. The processing device determines that the received digital fingerprints are for the same media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint. The processing device determines that all rights to the media item have been accounted for, and then determines a set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule. Processing logic may also perform a conflict resolution process for conflicting rights claims to the media item.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from a first rights holder, a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights holder owns a first set of rights to the claimed media item; receiving, from a second rights holder, a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the second rights holder owns a second set of rights to the claimed media item; generating a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received; generating a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received; comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint; determining whether all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and responsive to determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for, determining a set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein each action in the set of actions is associated with at least one of a territory, a media sharing platform, or a date range, and wherein the set of actions comprises actions for a plurality of media sharing platforms. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a first request from a first media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generating the third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was included in the first request; comparing the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining a first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item based at least upon an identify of the first media sharing platform; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first unique identifier (ID) for the first hosted media item; notifying the first media sharing platform of the first unique ID for the first hosted media item; receiving a second request from the first media sharing platform responsive to a user attempting to view the first hosted media item from a first territory, the second request comprising the first unique ID and an identification of the first territory; determining an action to be performed for the first hosted media item based on the identity of the first media sharing platform, the first unique ID and the first territory; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the action to be performed for the first hosted media item. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a second request from a second media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the second request comprising at least one of a second hosted media item uploaded to the second media sharing platform or a fourth digital fingerprint of the second hosted media item; generating the fourth digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the second hosted media item unless the fourth digital fingerprint was included in the second request; comparing the fourth digital fingerprint to the plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items; determining that the fourth digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the second hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining a second subset of the set of actions to be performed for the second hosted media item based at least upon an identity of the second media sharing platform, wherein the second subset is different from the first subset; and notifying the second media sharing platform of the second subset of the set of actions to be performed for the second hosted media item. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first media sharing platform has exclusivity to the claimed media item for a specific territory, and wherein the second subset of actions comprises an action to prevent the second hosted media item from being shown in the specific territory. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first media sharing platform has exclusivity to the claimed media item, and wherein the second subset of actions comprises an action to a) mute the second hosted media item or b) replace audio of the second hosted media item with different audio during playback of the second hosted media item. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the first request further comprises an account ID of a first account on the first media sharing platform associated with the first hosted media item, the method further comprising:
determining that the first account is whitelisted for the claimed media item, wherein the first subset of actions includes actions that are not included in a second subset of the set of actions associated with a second account on the first media sharing platform and the second hosted media item that also comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that not all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and determining that hosted media items comprising the claimed media item are to be removed from or blocked on the plurality of different media sharing platforms. 9. The method of claim 1, wilier comprising:
receiving an instruction from the first rights holder to modify the first content management rule; and determining an updated set of actions to be performed for hosted media items comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the modified first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein an action for at least one of a media sharing platform or a territory is different between the set of actions and the updated set of actions. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, from a first rights holder, a first message comprising a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first rights claim associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights claim identifies a first set of rights to the claimed media item; receiving, from a second rights holder, a second message comprising a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second rights claim associated with the second copy of the claimed media item, wherein the second rights claim identifies a second set of rights to the claimed media item; generating a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received from the first rights holder; generating a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received from the second rights holder; comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint; determining that the first set of rights includes a particular right that is also included in the second set of rights; determining that a rights conflict exists between the first rights holder and the second rights holder with regards to the claimed media item; initiating a conflict resolution process between the first rights holder and the second rights holder to determine a proper rights holder for the particular right; sending a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the particular right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receiving a response from the first rights holder relinquishing their claim to the particular right; determining that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder; and resolving the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first message further comprises a first content management rule and the second message further comprises a second content management rule, the method further comprising:
receiving a first request from a first media sharing platform of a plurality of media sharing platforms during the conflict resolution process, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generating a third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was received; comparing the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determining that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determining that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; determining one or more actions that are permitted for the first hosted media item by both the first content management rule and the second content management rule; and notifying the first media sharing platform of the one or more actions to that are permitted for the first hosted media item. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining an amount of resources due to a holder of the particular right based on the first hosted media item; adding the amount of resources to an escrow account during the conflict resolution process; and providing the amount of resources to the second rights holder after resolving the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the particular right is a right to the claimed media item on a first media sharing platform, the method further comprising:
determining that the first set of rights includes an additional right that is also included in the second set of rights, wherein the conflict resolution process is further to determine the proper rights holder for the additional right, wherein the additional right is a right to the claimed media item on a second media sharing platform; sending a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the additional right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receiving a response from the second rights holder relinquishing their claim to the additional right; and determining that the additional right belongs to the first rights holder. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the particular right is a right associated at least one of a first territory, a first media sharing platform, or a first time range, the method further comprising:
determining that the first set of rights includes an additional right that is also included in the second set of rights, wherein the conflict resolution process is further to determine the proper rights holder for the additional right, wherein the additional right is associated with at least one of a second territory, a second media sharing platform or a second time range; determining that the rights conflict for the particular right was resolved in favor of the second rights holder; and suggesting that the rights conflict for the additional right also be resolved in favor of the second rights holder based on similarities between the particular right and the additional right. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining that the first rights holder and the second rights holder have agreed to automatic rights conflict resolution; and automatically resolving the rights conflict for the additional right in favor of the second rights holder. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
computing a first data credibility rating for the first rights holder based on at least one of a) a number of rights conflicts caused by rights claims of the first rights holder or b) a number of rights conflicts resolutions that resolved in favor of the first rights holder; computing a second data credibility rating for the second rights holder based on at least one of a) a number of rights conflicts caused by rights claims of the second rights holder or b) a number of rights conflicts resolutions that resolved in favor of the second rights holder; determining that the second data credibility rating is higher than the first data credibility rating; and suggesting that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first message further comprises first metadata describing the claimed media item, and wherein the second message further comprises second metadata describing the claimed media item, the method further comprising:
making a determination that a similarity between the first metadata and the second metadata meets or exceeds a similarity threshold; and comparing the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint responsive to making the determination. 18. A computing device comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to:
receive, from a first rights holder, a) at least one of a first copy of a claimed media item or a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item and b) a first content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the first rights holder owns a first set of rights to the claimed media item;
receive, from a second rights holder, a) at least one of a second copy of the claimed media item or a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item and b) a second content management rule associated with the claimed media item, wherein the second rights holder owns a second set of rights to the claimed media item;
generate a first digital fingerprint of the first copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the first copy or video data in the first copy unless the first digital fingerprint was received from the first rights holder;
generate a second digital fingerprint of the second copy of the claimed media item based on at least one of audio data in the second copy or video data in the second copy unless the second digital fingerprint was received from the second rights holder;
compare the first digital fingerprint to the second digital fingerprint;
determine that the first copy and the second copy are copies of the same claimed media item based upon a match between the first digital fingerprint and the second digital fingerprint;
determine whether all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for; and
responsive to determining that all rights to the claimed media item have been accounted for, determine a set of actions to be performed for content comprising the claimed media item based at least in part upon the first content management rule and the second content management rule, wherein each action in the set of actions is associated with at least one of a territory, media sharing platform, or a date range, and wherein the set of actions comprises actions for a plurality of media sharing platforms. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a first request from a first media sharing platform of the plurality of media sharing platforms, the first request comprising at least one of a) a first hosted media item uploaded to the first media sharing platform or b) a third digital fingerprint of the first hosted media item; generate a third digital fingerprint from at least one of audio data or video data of the first hosted media item unless the third digital fingerprint was included in the first request; compare the third digital fingerprint to a plurality of digital fingerprints of known claimed media items, wherein the plurality of digital fingerprints comprises the first digital fingerprint; determine that the third digital fingerprint matches the first digital fingerprint; determine that the first hosted media item comprises at least a portion of the claimed media item; determine a first subset of the set of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item based at least upon an identify of the first media sharing platform; and notify the first media sharing platform of the first subset of actions to be performed for the first hosted media item. 20. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive, from the first rights holder, a first rights claim associated with the first copy of the claimed media item, wherein the first rights claim identifies the first set of rights to the claimed media item; receive, from the second rights holder, a second rights claim associated with the second copy of the claimed media item, wherein the second rights claim identifies the second set of rights to the claimed media item; determine that the first set of rights includes a particular right that is also included in the second set of rights; determine that a rights conflict exists between the first rights holder and the second rights holder with regards to the claimed media item; initiate a conflict resolution process between the first rights holder and the second rights holder to determine a proper rights holder for the particular right; send a notice of a conflicting rights claim for the particular right to the first rights holder and the second rights holder; receive a response from the first rights holder relinquishing their claim to the particular right; determine that the particular right belongs to the second rights holder; and resolve the rights conflict in favor of the second rights holder. | 3,600 |
344,342 | 16,803,779 | 3,617 | A dielectric ceramic composition and a multilayer ceramic capacitor including the same are provided. The dielectric ceramic composition includes a BaTiO3-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, where the accessory ingredient includes dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients. A total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the base material main ingredient. | 1. A dielectric ceramic composition, comprising;
a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, the accessory ingredient comprising dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients, wherein a total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 2. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein a content of the Nb satisfies 0.05 mol≤Nb≤0.20 mol based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 3. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.1 mol to 2.0 mol, inclusive, of a second accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the second accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and/or one or more carbonates comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn. 4. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.2 mol to 0.7 mol, inclusive, of a third accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the third accessory ingredient is an oxide or carbonate comprising a fixed-valence acceptor element of magnesium (Mg). 5. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.001 mol to 0.5 mol, inclusive, of a fourth accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the fourth accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element of silicon (Si) or aluminum (Al), or a glass compound comprising Si. 6. A multilayer ceramic capacitor, comprising:
a ceramic body comprising dielectric layers and first and second internal electrodes disposed to face each other with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; and a first external electrode and a second external electrode disposed on external surfaces of the ceramic body, the first external electrode being electrically connected to the first internal electrode and the second external electrode being electrically connected to the second internal electrode, wherein the dielectric layers comprise dielectric grains comprising a dielectric ceramic composition, the dielectric ceramic composition comprises a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, and the accessory ingredient comprising dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients, and wherein a total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the barium titanate-based base material main ingredient. 7. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a content of the Nb satisfies 0.05 mol≤Nb≤0.20 mol based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 8. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.1 mol to 2.0 mol, inclusive, of a second accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the second accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and/or one or more carbonates comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn. 9. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.2 mol to 0.7 mol, inclusive, of a third accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the third accessory ingredient is an oxide or carbonate comprising a fixed-valence acceptor element of magnesium (Mg). 10. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.001 mol to 0.5 mol of a fourth accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the fourth accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element of silicon (Si) or aluminum (Al), or a glass compound comprising Si. 11. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a thickness of each of the dielectric layers is 0.4 μm or less, and a thickness of each of the first and second internal electrodes is 0.4 μm or less. 12. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a size of the multilayer ceramic capacitor is 1005 (length×width, 1.0 mm×0.5 mm) or less. 13. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein Nb is disposed at a boundary of the dielectric grain. | A dielectric ceramic composition and a multilayer ceramic capacitor including the same are provided. The dielectric ceramic composition includes a BaTiO3-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, where the accessory ingredient includes dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients. A total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the base material main ingredient.1. A dielectric ceramic composition, comprising;
a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, the accessory ingredient comprising dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients, wherein a total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 2. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein a content of the Nb satisfies 0.05 mol≤Nb≤0.20 mol based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 3. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.1 mol to 2.0 mol, inclusive, of a second accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the second accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and/or one or more carbonates comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn. 4. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.2 mol to 0.7 mol, inclusive, of a third accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the third accessory ingredient is an oxide or carbonate comprising a fixed-valence acceptor element of magnesium (Mg). 5. The dielectric ceramic composition of claim 1, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.001 mol to 0.5 mol, inclusive, of a fourth accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the fourth accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element of silicon (Si) or aluminum (Al), or a glass compound comprising Si. 6. A multilayer ceramic capacitor, comprising:
a ceramic body comprising dielectric layers and first and second internal electrodes disposed to face each other with respective dielectric layers interposed therebetween; and a first external electrode and a second external electrode disposed on external surfaces of the ceramic body, the first external electrode being electrically connected to the first internal electrode and the second external electrode being electrically connected to the second internal electrode, wherein the dielectric layers comprise dielectric grains comprising a dielectric ceramic composition, the dielectric ceramic composition comprises a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, and the accessory ingredient comprising dysprosium (Dy) and niobium (Nb) as first accessory ingredients, and wherein a total content of the Dy and Nb is greater than 0.2 mol and less than or equal to 1.5 mol based on 100 mol of titanium (Ti) of the barium titanate-based base material main ingredient. 7. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a content of the Nb satisfies 0.05 mol≤Nb≤0.20 mol based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient. 8. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.1 mol to 2.0 mol, inclusive, of a second accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the second accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and/or one or more carbonates comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn. 9. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.2 mol to 0.7 mol, inclusive, of a third accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of Ti of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the third accessory ingredient is an oxide or carbonate comprising a fixed-valence acceptor element of magnesium (Mg). 10. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein the dielectric ceramic composition comprises 0.001 mol to 0.5 mol of a fourth accessory ingredient based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient,
wherein the fourth accessory ingredient comprises one or more oxides comprising at least one element of silicon (Si) or aluminum (Al), or a glass compound comprising Si. 11. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a thickness of each of the dielectric layers is 0.4 μm or less, and a thickness of each of the first and second internal electrodes is 0.4 μm or less. 12. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein a size of the multilayer ceramic capacitor is 1005 (length×width, 1.0 mm×0.5 mm) or less. 13. The multilayer ceramic capacitor of claim 6, wherein Nb is disposed at a boundary of the dielectric grain. | 3,600 |
344,343 | 16,803,808 | 3,617 | A node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment can be selectively hibernated and the execution of the node selectively restarted by first detecting a condition of the node that satisfies a criterion for hibernating the node. The node may then be hibernated by suspending execution of the node on a server and initiating execution of a listener. The listener can use a network port that the node used before the execution of the node was suspended. At a later time, a request from a client to the application instance can be received by the listener. The request can be a request to restart execution of the node. Responsive to the request and a determination that the server has a predefined amount of resources for permitting execution of the node, the execution of the node on the server can be restarted. | 1. A system for selectively hibernating and restarting execution of a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor; and a memory, accessible by the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
in response to determining that a criterion for hibernation of the node is satisfied, hibernating the node;
receiving a request from a client for the application instance;
providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation;
responsive to the request and a determination that a server hosting the node has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, restarting execution of the node; and
redirecting the client to the application instance upon the node restarting. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
in response to providing the redirect page, providing an authentication page to authenticate the client prior to restarting the node. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations comprise:
providing an authentication page instead of the redirect page, wherein the authentication page requests login information and indicates that the application instance is in hibernation. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the operations comprise:
requesting authentication data via the authentication page; in response to determining that the authentication data is incorrect, redirecting the client back to the authentication page, providing an error message, or a combination thereof. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
suspending execution of the node on the server and initiating execution of a listener using a network port to reserve the node used before the suspension. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein restarting execution of the node comprises using the listener to direct the request to a control instance configured to manage the listener. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control instance maintains a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and the network port with the node. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a watcher executed on the server manages the hibernation and the restarting of the node, wherein a listener executed on the server sends a signal to the watcher and the watcher restarts execution of the node based on the signal, wherein the listener comprises an application that listens for network connections on a same network port as used by the node before hibernation. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the watcher observes usage of resources of the server to determine that the server has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
responsive to a determination that the server does not have the predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, initiating an instance move to a different server. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the node is an application node and the criterion comprises a first criterion, wherein the operations comprise:
hibernating a database node of the application instance when a second criterion for hibernation of the database node is satisfied, wherein the first criterion used to hibernate the application node is decoupled from the second criterion used to hibernate the database node. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
determining whether restarting execution of the node was successful by polling the application instance; and in response to receiving no response from the application instance, determining that the restart was unsuccessful. 13. A method for selectively hibernating and restarting execution of a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment, the method comprising:
in response to determining that a criterion for hibernating the node is satisfied, hibernating the node; receiving a request from a client for the application instance; providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation; receiving input from the client at the redirect page indicating that the client is authorized to access the application instance; requesting the hibernated node to be restarted based on the client being authorized to access the application instance; and responsive to the request and determining that a server hosting the node has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, restarting execution of the node. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein hibernating the node comprises suspending execution of the node on the server and initiating execution of a listener executing on the server using a network port to reserve the node used before the suspending. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein restarting execution of the node comprises using the listener to direct the request to a control instance configured to manage the listener, wherein the control instance maintains a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and the network port with the node. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the criterion for hibernating comprises: determining the application instance being idle for a predetermined threshold period of time;
determining the application instance exceeding a time period for evaluating the application instance, detecting a malfunction in the application instance; determining a relatively higher priority access for a second client; or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein determining that the server has a predefined amount of resources comprises executing a watcher on a server device to examine historical records of resource usage of the server device, perform a scan of available resources in the server, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the node comprises a database node, an application node, or a combination thereof, and wherein the node to be hibernated comprises a particular type of the database node, a particular type of the application node, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication that the client is authorized to access the application instance comprises confirmation of a username, a password, a biometric data, or a combination thereof. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising processor-executable routines that, when executed by a processor, facilitate a performance of operations comprising:
observing an operation of a node executed by a processor on a first server, wherein the node is a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment; in response to determining that a criterion for hibernation of the node is satisfied based on the observing, hibernating the node by suspending execution of the node on the first server; receiving a request from a client for the application instance using a network interface of the first server and a network interface of the client; providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation; receiving input from the client at the redirect page indicating that the client is authorized to access the application instance; requesting the hibernated node to be restarted based on the client being authorized to access the application instance; restarting execution of the node in response to the request, a determination that the first server has a predefined amount of available resources to permit execution of the node, and wherein the authorization comprises an authentication of the client using a control server connected to the first server using the network interface of the first server and a network interface of the control server, wherein the control server comprises a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and a network port with the node; and redirecting the client to the application instance upon the node restarting. | A node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment can be selectively hibernated and the execution of the node selectively restarted by first detecting a condition of the node that satisfies a criterion for hibernating the node. The node may then be hibernated by suspending execution of the node on a server and initiating execution of a listener. The listener can use a network port that the node used before the execution of the node was suspended. At a later time, a request from a client to the application instance can be received by the listener. The request can be a request to restart execution of the node. Responsive to the request and a determination that the server has a predefined amount of resources for permitting execution of the node, the execution of the node on the server can be restarted.1. A system for selectively hibernating and restarting execution of a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor; and a memory, accessible by the processor, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
in response to determining that a criterion for hibernation of the node is satisfied, hibernating the node;
receiving a request from a client for the application instance;
providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation;
responsive to the request and a determination that a server hosting the node has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, restarting execution of the node; and
redirecting the client to the application instance upon the node restarting. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
in response to providing the redirect page, providing an authentication page to authenticate the client prior to restarting the node. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the operations comprise:
providing an authentication page instead of the redirect page, wherein the authentication page requests login information and indicates that the application instance is in hibernation. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the operations comprise:
requesting authentication data via the authentication page; in response to determining that the authentication data is incorrect, redirecting the client back to the authentication page, providing an error message, or a combination thereof. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
suspending execution of the node on the server and initiating execution of a listener using a network port to reserve the node used before the suspension. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein restarting execution of the node comprises using the listener to direct the request to a control instance configured to manage the listener. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the control instance maintains a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and the network port with the node. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein a watcher executed on the server manages the hibernation and the restarting of the node, wherein a listener executed on the server sends a signal to the watcher and the watcher restarts execution of the node based on the signal, wherein the listener comprises an application that listens for network connections on a same network port as used by the node before hibernation. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the watcher observes usage of resources of the server to determine that the server has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
responsive to a determination that the server does not have the predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, initiating an instance move to a different server. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the node is an application node and the criterion comprises a first criterion, wherein the operations comprise:
hibernating a database node of the application instance when a second criterion for hibernation of the database node is satisfied, wherein the first criterion used to hibernate the application node is decoupled from the second criterion used to hibernate the database node. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations comprise:
determining whether restarting execution of the node was successful by polling the application instance; and in response to receiving no response from the application instance, determining that the restart was unsuccessful. 13. A method for selectively hibernating and restarting execution of a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment, the method comprising:
in response to determining that a criterion for hibernating the node is satisfied, hibernating the node; receiving a request from a client for the application instance; providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation; receiving input from the client at the redirect page indicating that the client is authorized to access the application instance; requesting the hibernated node to be restarted based on the client being authorized to access the application instance; and responsive to the request and determining that a server hosting the node has a predefined amount of resources to permit execution of the node, restarting execution of the node. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein hibernating the node comprises suspending execution of the node on the server and initiating execution of a listener executing on the server using a network port to reserve the node used before the suspending. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein restarting execution of the node comprises using the listener to direct the request to a control instance configured to manage the listener, wherein the control instance maintains a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and the network port with the node. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the criterion for hibernating comprises: determining the application instance being idle for a predetermined threshold period of time;
determining the application instance exceeding a time period for evaluating the application instance, detecting a malfunction in the application instance; determining a relatively higher priority access for a second client; or a combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein determining that the server has a predefined amount of resources comprises executing a watcher on a server device to examine historical records of resource usage of the server device, perform a scan of available resources in the server, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the node comprises a database node, an application node, or a combination thereof, and wherein the node to be hibernated comprises a particular type of the database node, a particular type of the application node, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the indication that the client is authorized to access the application instance comprises confirmation of a username, a password, a biometric data, or a combination thereof. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising processor-executable routines that, when executed by a processor, facilitate a performance of operations comprising:
observing an operation of a node executed by a processor on a first server, wherein the node is a node of an application instance in a distributed computing environment; in response to determining that a criterion for hibernation of the node is satisfied based on the observing, hibernating the node by suspending execution of the node on the first server; receiving a request from a client for the application instance using a network interface of the first server and a network interface of the client; providing a redirect page indicating that the application instance is in hibernation; receiving input from the client at the redirect page indicating that the client is authorized to access the application instance; requesting the hibernated node to be restarted based on the client being authorized to access the application instance; restarting execution of the node in response to the request, a determination that the first server has a predefined amount of available resources to permit execution of the node, and wherein the authorization comprises an authentication of the client using a control server connected to the first server using the network interface of the first server and a network interface of the control server, wherein the control server comprises a configuration management database including one or more records that associate an address and a network port with the node; and redirecting the client to the application instance upon the node restarting. | 3,600 |
344,344 | 16,803,801 | 3,617 | An electrostatic fluid delivery system is configured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto a surface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into a mist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such as a surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using a high-pressure fluid stream and passes the fluid through an electrode of a nozzle assembly to charge droplets of the atomized fluid. | 1.-18. (canceled) 19. An electrostatic sprayer device, comprising:
a housing; an electrostatic module inside the housing; a reservoir having a cavity adapted to contain a fluid, the reservoir contained within the housing; a duckbill valve attached to the reservoir, wherein the duckbill valve provides a vent for fluid to enter into an interior of the reservoir; at least one nozzle fluidly connected to the reservoir wherein the nozzles emit fluid in a direction along a flow pathway; a pump that propels fluid from the reservoir to the at least one nozzle; a direct current battery that powers at least one of the electrostatic module and the pump; and an electrode assembly that electrostatically charges the fluid. 20. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the electrode assembly is at least one of:
(a) a first electrode assembly formed of a plurality electrodes electrically attached to the electrostatic module, wherein each electrode emits ions along an axis that is parallel to the flow pathway of the fluid emitted from the nozzle such that a static electrical field is formed through which the fluid passes; and (b) a second electrode assembly formed of a tube that through which fluid flows from the reservoir toward the at least one nozzle, wherein at least a conductive portion of the tube is electrically attached to the electrostatic module, and wherein the conductive portion of the tube physically contacts the fluid as it flows through the tube and applies an electrical charge to the fluid. 21. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the electrode assembly includes both the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly. 22. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the electrode assembly includes only one of the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly. 23. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the plurality electrodes of the first electrode assembly are positioned on a ring through which the flow pathways passes. 24. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the plurality electrodes includes three electrodes spaced in 120 degree increments about the ring. 25. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein each electrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin that extends along an electrode axis that is parallel with a direction along which the at least one nozzle emits fluid. 26. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the at least one nozzle includes three nozzles 27. A sprayer device as in claim 6, wherein each of the three nozzles are movable so that a user can selectively couple a desired nozzle to the reservoir. 28. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the at least one nozzle is positioned on a nozzle housing, and wherein the nozzle housing and the at least one nozzle is removable from the housing. 29. A sprayer device as in claim 28, further comprising a tool that can remove the nozzle housing. 30. A sprayer device as in claim 29, wherein the at least one nozzle includes three nozzles that are movable so that a user can selectively couple a desired nozzle to the reservoir, and wherein the tool can also move the nozzles. 31. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing is sized and shaped to be held in a single hand of a user. 32. A sprayer device as in claim 31, wherein the housing includes a handle and a trigger that is actuated to active the device. 33. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing at least partially forms a backpack. 34. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein each electrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin, and further comprising an insulator that contacts and covers the pin such that only a tip of the pin is not insulated. 35. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the reservoir is removable from the housing. 36. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the pump pulls a vacuum in the housing to cause fluid to flow from the reservoir to the at least one nozzle. 37. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing includes a handle and further comprising a ground wire in the handle, the ground wire positioned so that the ground wire contacts a user's hand when a user grasps the handle. | An electrostatic fluid delivery system is configured to deliver fluid, such as a disinfectant fluid, onto a surface by electrically charging the fluid and forming the fluid into a mist, fog, plume, or spray that can be directed onto a surface, such as a surface to be cleaned. The system atomizes the fluid using a high-pressure fluid stream and passes the fluid through an electrode of a nozzle assembly to charge droplets of the atomized fluid.1.-18. (canceled) 19. An electrostatic sprayer device, comprising:
a housing; an electrostatic module inside the housing; a reservoir having a cavity adapted to contain a fluid, the reservoir contained within the housing; a duckbill valve attached to the reservoir, wherein the duckbill valve provides a vent for fluid to enter into an interior of the reservoir; at least one nozzle fluidly connected to the reservoir wherein the nozzles emit fluid in a direction along a flow pathway; a pump that propels fluid from the reservoir to the at least one nozzle; a direct current battery that powers at least one of the electrostatic module and the pump; and an electrode assembly that electrostatically charges the fluid. 20. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the electrode assembly is at least one of:
(a) a first electrode assembly formed of a plurality electrodes electrically attached to the electrostatic module, wherein each electrode emits ions along an axis that is parallel to the flow pathway of the fluid emitted from the nozzle such that a static electrical field is formed through which the fluid passes; and (b) a second electrode assembly formed of a tube that through which fluid flows from the reservoir toward the at least one nozzle, wherein at least a conductive portion of the tube is electrically attached to the electrostatic module, and wherein the conductive portion of the tube physically contacts the fluid as it flows through the tube and applies an electrical charge to the fluid. 21. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the electrode assembly includes both the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly. 22. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the electrode assembly includes only one of the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly. 23. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the plurality electrodes of the first electrode assembly are positioned on a ring through which the flow pathways passes. 24. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein the plurality electrodes includes three electrodes spaced in 120 degree increments about the ring. 25. A sprayer device as in claim 20, wherein each electrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin that extends along an electrode axis that is parallel with a direction along which the at least one nozzle emits fluid. 26. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the at least one nozzle includes three nozzles 27. A sprayer device as in claim 6, wherein each of the three nozzles are movable so that a user can selectively couple a desired nozzle to the reservoir. 28. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the at least one nozzle is positioned on a nozzle housing, and wherein the nozzle housing and the at least one nozzle is removable from the housing. 29. A sprayer device as in claim 28, further comprising a tool that can remove the nozzle housing. 30. A sprayer device as in claim 29, wherein the at least one nozzle includes three nozzles that are movable so that a user can selectively couple a desired nozzle to the reservoir, and wherein the tool can also move the nozzles. 31. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing is sized and shaped to be held in a single hand of a user. 32. A sprayer device as in claim 31, wherein the housing includes a handle and a trigger that is actuated to active the device. 33. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing at least partially forms a backpack. 34. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein each electrode of the first electrode assembly is an elongated pin, and further comprising an insulator that contacts and covers the pin such that only a tip of the pin is not insulated. 35. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the reservoir is removable from the housing. 36. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the pump pulls a vacuum in the housing to cause fluid to flow from the reservoir to the at least one nozzle. 37. A sprayer device as in claim 19, wherein the housing includes a handle and further comprising a ground wire in the handle, the ground wire positioned so that the ground wire contacts a user's hand when a user grasps the handle. | 3,600 |
344,345 | 16,803,720 | 3,617 | Computer-implemented methods, non-transitory, computer-readable media, and computer-implemented systems for blockchain-based payment settlement are provided. A payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on a blockchain is monitored. A target payment transaction is obtained that corresponds to the last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order. A target payment write-off transaction is obtained that corresponds to the last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order. If an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, fund settlement is performed based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the target payment write-off transaction. | 1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based settlement, comprising:
monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein:
the accumulated value in the target payment transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments; and the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated write-offs and a total number of accumulated write-offs. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein:
the payment information comprises a payment amount; the payment system maintains a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list; and the constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information comprises:
obtaining the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of a current payment transaction linked list;
generating a hash index of the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list;
determining the total amount of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total amount of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system and the payment amount included in the payment message;
determining the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system; and
constructing the payment transaction based on the payment information, the hash index, and the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein after the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage, the computer-implemented method further comprises:
updating the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system, by using the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments recorded in the payment transaction, respectively. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprises:
clearing the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system after the fund settlement is completed. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprises:
constructing a payment settlement certificate transaction based on a fund settlement result after the fund settlement is completed; and publishing the payment settlement certificate transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 10. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the accumulated value in the target payment transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments; and the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated write-offs and a total number of accumulated write-offs. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 14, wherein:
the payment information comprises a payment amount; the payment system maintains a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list; and the constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information comprises:
obtaining the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of a current payment transaction linked list;
generating a hash index of the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list;
determining the total amount of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total amount of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system and the payment amount included in the payment message;
determining the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system; and
constructing the payment transaction based on the payment information, the hash index, and the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
constructing a payment settlement certificate transaction based on a fund settlement result after the fund settlement is completed; and publishing the payment settlement certificate transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. | Computer-implemented methods, non-transitory, computer-readable media, and computer-implemented systems for blockchain-based payment settlement are provided. A payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on a blockchain is monitored. A target payment transaction is obtained that corresponds to the last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order. A target payment write-off transaction is obtained that corresponds to the last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order. If an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, fund settlement is performed based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the target payment write-off transaction.1. A computer-implemented method for blockchain-based settlement, comprising:
monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 2, wherein:
the accumulated value in the target payment transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments; and the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated write-offs and a total number of accumulated write-offs. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 4, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 5, wherein:
the payment information comprises a payment amount; the payment system maintains a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list; and the constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information comprises:
obtaining the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of a current payment transaction linked list;
generating a hash index of the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list;
determining the total amount of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total amount of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system and the payment amount included in the payment message;
determining the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system; and
constructing the payment transaction based on the payment information, the hash index, and the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein after the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage, the computer-implemented method further comprises:
updating the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system, by using the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments recorded in the payment transaction, respectively. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprises:
clearing the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system after the fund settlement is completed. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the computer-implemented method further comprises:
constructing a payment settlement certificate transaction based on a fund settlement result after the fund settlement is completed; and publishing the payment settlement certificate transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 10. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein:
the accumulated value in the target payment transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments; and the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction comprises a total amount of accumulated write-offs and a total number of accumulated write-offs. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 14, wherein:
the payment information comprises a payment amount; the payment system maintains a total amount of accumulated payments and a total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list; and the constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information comprises:
obtaining the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of a current payment transaction linked list;
generating a hash index of the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the payment transaction linked list;
determining the total amount of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total amount of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system and the payment amount included in the payment message;
determining the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction based on the total number of accumulated payments maintained by the payment system; and
constructing the payment transaction based on the payment information, the hash index, and the total amount of accumulated payments and the total number of accumulated payments in the payment transaction. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
constructing a payment settlement certificate transaction based on a fund settlement result after the fund settlement is completed; and publishing the payment settlement certificate transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: monitoring, by a payment system connected to a blockchain, a payment settlement request transaction of a payee system whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to detecting the payment settlement request transaction:
obtaining a target payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment transaction linked list comprising payment transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment order, wherein the target payment transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment transaction in the payment transaction linked list; and
obtaining a target payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a payment write-off transaction linked list comprising payment write-off transactions whose certificates have been stored on the blockchain in a payment write-off order, wherein the target payment write-off transaction comprises an accumulated value corresponding to accumulation of unsettled transactions up to the target payment write-off transaction in the payment write-off transaction linked list;
determining whether an accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to an accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction; and in response to determining that the accumulated value in the target payment transaction is identical to the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction, performing fund settlement based on the accumulated value in the target payment transaction or the accumulated value in the target payment write-off transaction. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a payment message sent by a user terminal, wherein the payment message comprises payment information; constructing a payment transaction based on the payment information in response to the payment message; and publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage that causes the payee system to perform payment write-off based on the payment information in the payment transaction after detecting the payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and to publish a payment write-off transaction based on a payment write-off result to the blockchain for certificate storage. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 18, wherein the publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage comprises:
detecting whether an accumulated value in a payment transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment transaction linked list is identical to an accumulated value in a payment write-off transaction corresponding to a last node of a current payment write-off linked list; and in response to detecting that the accumulated value in the payment transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment transaction linked list is identical to the accumulated value in the payment write-off transaction corresponding to the last node of the current payment write-off linked list, publishing the payment transaction to the blockchain for certificate storage. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein:
the target payment transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; and the target payment write-off transaction further comprises a hash index pointing to a previous payment write-off transaction whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, and a hash index pointing to a payment transaction corresponding to the target payment write-off transaction. | 3,600 |
344,346 | 16,803,847 | 3,617 | A method and apparatus for sealing a plastic enclosure is provided. The apparatus includes a handle including elements pivotally coupled together at a first end. The apparatus also includes a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of an element and connected to a power source where a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel with a longitudinal axis of the element. Plastic material including first and second plastic layers is positioned at an interface between the second elements. Upon pivoting the first elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first and second plastic layers. | 1. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; and a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source, wherein a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel to a longitudinal axis of the at least one element; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between the pair of elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon pivoting of the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements are configured to increase a temperature at the interface to form the pair of spaced apart seals. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of a first element of the pair of elements, wherein said cutting element is positioned adjacent to the pair of spaced apart heating elements and not positioned between the pair of spaced apart heating elements and wherein said cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface to cut the plastic material along the interface adjacent to the seals. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said cutting element is slidably received in a first slot of the first element so that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface of the first element and wherein an inner surface of a second element of the pair of elements includes a second slot to slidably receive the cutting element along the interface when the plastic material is cut by the cutting element. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second slot and the heating element are positioned along the inner surface of the second element such that the second slot is spaced apart from the heating element by a minimum spacing. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a length of the second slot is greater than or equal to a length of the heating element along the inner surface of the second element. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first element further includes a button along a side of the first element, wherein the button is connected to the cutting element through the first slot such that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface based on movement of the button along the side of the first element. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cutting element is offset from a center of a width of the first element. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface the system is configured to vacuum seal an enclosure defined by the plastic material. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a manual switch configured to stop the pump from drawing air from the enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a pressure sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the pump is configured to draw air until the measured pressures falls below a pressure threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a one way valve to be placed over an opening of a container excluding the plastic material and defining the enclosure and a tube with a first end connected to the one way valve and a second end opposite the first end connected to an inlet of the pump such that the pump inlet and the enclosure are in flow communication and the pump is configured to draw air out of the enclosure. 13. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source; and a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of at least one element wherein the cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface of the at least one element to cur the plastic material along the interface adjacent the seal; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at the interface between the elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer across the interface. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
an air pump connected to the power source and configured to draw air from an enclosure defined by the plastic material upon positioning the plastic material at the interface between the elements; wherein the air pump is configured to create a vacuum seal in the enclosure defined by the plastic material. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a switch to manually stop the air pump drawing air from the enclosure. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a pressures sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the air pump is configured to stop drawing air from the enclosure when the measured pressure falls below a pressure threshold. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is portable such that operation of the apparatus including the plastic material being positioned at the interface between the pair of elements, the pair of elements being pivoted from the open position to the closed position and the formation of the seal are performed while the apparatus is held in a hand of a user. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery and wherein at least one of the elements includes a compartment to house the battery. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a layer of heat insulation material positioned between the cutting element and the heating element. 20. A method for sealing an enclosure of plastic material, comprising:
positioning the plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between a pair of elements pivotally coupled together, wherein a pair of spaced apart heating elements are positioned along an inner surface of at least one of the elements; pivoting the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position such that the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; forming a pair of spaced apart first seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; filling the enclosure of the plastic material with contents through an opening in the enclosure of the plastic material; positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface; pivoting the pair of elements from the open position to the closed position such that the heating elements increase the temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; and forming a pair of spaced apart second seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer, wherein the enclosure of plastic material is formed between the first seal and the second seal. | A method and apparatus for sealing a plastic enclosure is provided. The apparatus includes a handle including elements pivotally coupled together at a first end. The apparatus also includes a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of an element and connected to a power source where a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel with a longitudinal axis of the element. Plastic material including first and second plastic layers is positioned at an interface between the second elements. Upon pivoting the first elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first and second plastic layers.1. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; and a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source, wherein a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel to a longitudinal axis of the at least one element; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between the pair of elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon pivoting of the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements are configured to increase a temperature at the interface to form the pair of spaced apart seals. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of a first element of the pair of elements, wherein said cutting element is positioned adjacent to the pair of spaced apart heating elements and not positioned between the pair of spaced apart heating elements and wherein said cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface to cut the plastic material along the interface adjacent to the seals. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said cutting element is slidably received in a first slot of the first element so that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface of the first element and wherein an inner surface of a second element of the pair of elements includes a second slot to slidably receive the cutting element along the interface when the plastic material is cut by the cutting element. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second slot and the heating element are positioned along the inner surface of the second element such that the second slot is spaced apart from the heating element by a minimum spacing. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a length of the second slot is greater than or equal to a length of the heating element along the inner surface of the second element. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first element further includes a button along a side of the first element, wherein the button is connected to the cutting element through the first slot such that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface based on movement of the button along the side of the first element. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cutting element is offset from a center of a width of the first element. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface the system is configured to vacuum seal an enclosure defined by the plastic material. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a manual switch configured to stop the pump from drawing air from the enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a pressure sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the pump is configured to draw air until the measured pressures falls below a pressure threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a one way valve to be placed over an opening of a container excluding the plastic material and defining the enclosure and a tube with a first end connected to the one way valve and a second end opposite the first end connected to an inlet of the pump such that the pump inlet and the enclosure are in flow communication and the pump is configured to draw air out of the enclosure. 13. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source; and a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of at least one element wherein the cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface of the at least one element to cur the plastic material along the interface adjacent the seal; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at the interface between the elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer across the interface. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
an air pump connected to the power source and configured to draw air from an enclosure defined by the plastic material upon positioning the plastic material at the interface between the elements; wherein the air pump is configured to create a vacuum seal in the enclosure defined by the plastic material. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a switch to manually stop the air pump drawing air from the enclosure. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a pressures sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the air pump is configured to stop drawing air from the enclosure when the measured pressure falls below a pressure threshold. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is portable such that operation of the apparatus including the plastic material being positioned at the interface between the pair of elements, the pair of elements being pivoted from the open position to the closed position and the formation of the seal are performed while the apparatus is held in a hand of a user. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery and wherein at least one of the elements includes a compartment to house the battery. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a layer of heat insulation material positioned between the cutting element and the heating element. 20. A method for sealing an enclosure of plastic material, comprising:
positioning the plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between a pair of elements pivotally coupled together, wherein a pair of spaced apart heating elements are positioned along an inner surface of at least one of the elements; pivoting the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position such that the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; forming a pair of spaced apart first seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; filling the enclosure of the plastic material with contents through an opening in the enclosure of the plastic material; positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface; pivoting the pair of elements from the open position to the closed position such that the heating elements increase the temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; and forming a pair of spaced apart second seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer, wherein the enclosure of plastic material is formed between the first seal and the second seal. | 3,600 |
344,347 | 16,803,844 | 3,617 | A method and apparatus for sealing a plastic enclosure is provided. The apparatus includes a handle including elements pivotally coupled together at a first end. The apparatus also includes a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of an element and connected to a power source where a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel with a longitudinal axis of the element. Plastic material including first and second plastic layers is positioned at an interface between the second elements. Upon pivoting the first elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first and second plastic layers. | 1. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; and a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source, wherein a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel to a longitudinal axis of the at least one element; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between the pair of elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon pivoting of the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements are configured to increase a temperature at the interface to form the pair of spaced apart seals. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of a first element of the pair of elements, wherein said cutting element is positioned adjacent to the pair of spaced apart heating elements and not positioned between the pair of spaced apart heating elements and wherein said cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface to cut the plastic material along the interface adjacent to the seals. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said cutting element is slidably received in a first slot of the first element so that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface of the first element and wherein an inner surface of a second element of the pair of elements includes a second slot to slidably receive the cutting element along the interface when the plastic material is cut by the cutting element. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second slot and the heating element are positioned along the inner surface of the second element such that the second slot is spaced apart from the heating element by a minimum spacing. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a length of the second slot is greater than or equal to a length of the heating element along the inner surface of the second element. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first element further includes a button along a side of the first element, wherein the button is connected to the cutting element through the first slot such that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface based on movement of the button along the side of the first element. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cutting element is offset from a center of a width of the first element. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface the system is configured to vacuum seal an enclosure defined by the plastic material. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a manual switch configured to stop the pump from drawing air from the enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a pressure sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the pump is configured to draw air until the measured pressures falls below a pressure threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a one way valve to be placed over an opening of a container excluding the plastic material and defining the enclosure and a tube with a first end connected to the one way valve and a second end opposite the first end connected to an inlet of the pump such that the pump inlet and the enclosure are in flow communication and the pump is configured to draw air out of the enclosure. 13. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source; and a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of at least one element wherein the cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface of the at least one element to cur the plastic material along the interface adjacent the seal; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at the interface between the elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer across the interface. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
an air pump connected to the power source and configured to draw air from an enclosure defined by the plastic material upon positioning the plastic material at the interface between the elements; wherein the air pump is configured to create a vacuum seal in the enclosure defined by the plastic material. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a switch to manually stop the air pump drawing air from the enclosure. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a pressures sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the air pump is configured to stop drawing air from the enclosure when the measured pressure falls below a pressure threshold. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is portable such that operation of the apparatus including the plastic material being positioned at the interface between the pair of elements, the pair of elements being pivoted from the open position to the closed position and the formation of the seal are performed while the apparatus is held in a hand of a user. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery and wherein at least one of the elements includes a compartment to house the battery. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a layer of heat insulation material positioned between the cutting element and the heating element. 20. A method for sealing an enclosure of plastic material, comprising:
positioning the plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between a pair of elements pivotally coupled together, wherein a pair of spaced apart heating elements are positioned along an inner surface of at least one of the elements; pivoting the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position such that the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; forming a pair of spaced apart first seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; filling the enclosure of the plastic material with contents through an opening in the enclosure of the plastic material; positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface; pivoting the pair of elements from the open position to the closed position such that the heating elements increase the temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; and forming a pair of spaced apart second seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer, wherein the enclosure of plastic material is formed between the first seal and the second seal. | A method and apparatus for sealing a plastic enclosure is provided. The apparatus includes a handle including elements pivotally coupled together at a first end. The apparatus also includes a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of an element and connected to a power source where a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel with a longitudinal axis of the element. Plastic material including first and second plastic layers is positioned at an interface between the second elements. Upon pivoting the first elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first and second plastic layers.1. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; and a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source, wherein a longitudinal axis of the heating elements is oriented parallel to a longitudinal axis of the at least one element; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between the pair of elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon pivoting of the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position the heating elements are configured to increase a temperature at the interface to form the pair of spaced apart seals. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of a first element of the pair of elements, wherein said cutting element is positioned adjacent to the pair of spaced apart heating elements and not positioned between the pair of spaced apart heating elements and wherein said cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface to cut the plastic material along the interface adjacent to the seals. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said cutting element is slidably received in a first slot of the first element so that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface of the first element and wherein an inner surface of a second element of the pair of elements includes a second slot to slidably receive the cutting element along the interface when the plastic material is cut by the cutting element. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second slot and the heating element are positioned along the inner surface of the second element such that the second slot is spaced apart from the heating element by a minimum spacing. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a length of the second slot is greater than or equal to a length of the heating element along the inner surface of the second element. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first element further includes a button along a side of the first element, wherein the button is connected to the cutting element through the first slot such that the cutting element is configured to slide along the inner surface based on movement of the button along the side of the first element. 8. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cutting element is offset from a center of a width of the first element. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein upon positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface the system is configured to vacuum seal an enclosure defined by the plastic material. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a manual switch configured to stop the pump from drawing air from the enclosure. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a pump configured to draw air from the enclosure and a pressure sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the pump is configured to draw air until the measured pressures falls below a pressure threshold. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a one way valve to be placed over an opening of a container excluding the plastic material and defining the enclosure and a tube with a first end connected to the one way valve and a second end opposite the first end connected to an inlet of the pump such that the pump inlet and the enclosure are in flow communication and the pump is configured to draw air out of the enclosure. 13. An apparatus for sealing an enclosure of plastic material comprising:
a pair of elements pivotally coupled together at a first end of the elements; a pair of spaced apart heating elements positioned along an inner surface of at least one element and connected to a power source; and a cutting element positioned at an inner surface of at least one element wherein the cutting element is configured to move relative to the inner surface of the at least one element to cur the plastic material along the interface adjacent the seal; wherein upon positioning plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at the interface between the elements, the pair of spaced apart heating elements are configured to melt the plastic material and form a pair of spaced apart seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer across the interface. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
an air pump connected to the power source and configured to draw air from an enclosure defined by the plastic material upon positioning the plastic material at the interface between the elements; wherein the air pump is configured to create a vacuum seal in the enclosure defined by the plastic material. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a switch to manually stop the air pump drawing air from the enclosure. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a pressures sensor to measure a pressure within the enclosure and wherein the air pump is configured to stop drawing air from the enclosure when the measured pressure falls below a pressure threshold. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is portable such that operation of the apparatus including the plastic material being positioned at the interface between the pair of elements, the pair of elements being pivoted from the open position to the closed position and the formation of the seal are performed while the apparatus is held in a hand of a user. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery and wherein at least one of the elements includes a compartment to house the battery. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a layer of heat insulation material positioned between the cutting element and the heating element. 20. A method for sealing an enclosure of plastic material, comprising:
positioning the plastic material including a first plastic layer and a second plastic layer at an interface between a pair of elements pivotally coupled together, wherein a pair of spaced apart heating elements are positioned along an inner surface of at least one of the elements; pivoting the pair of elements from an open position to a closed position such that the heating elements increase a temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; forming a pair of spaced apart first seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; filling the enclosure of the plastic material with contents through an opening in the enclosure of the plastic material; positioning the plastic material including the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer at the interface; pivoting the pair of elements from the open position to the closed position such that the heating elements increase the temperature at the interface to melt the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer; and forming a pair of spaced apart second seals between the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer based on the melting of the first plastic layer and the second plastic layer, wherein the enclosure of plastic material is formed between the first seal and the second seal. | 3,600 |
344,348 | 16,803,809 | 3,617 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Aspects include a UE communicating, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application via a data radio bearer. The UE may receive, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station. Aspects may include the UE initiating a connection procedure with the second cell while the connected state with the first cell. The UE may suspend the signal radio bearer and maintain the data radio bearer during the connection procedure with the second cell. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
communicating, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application data via a data radio bearer; receiving, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station; initiating, while in the connected state with the first cell, a connection procedure with the second cell; suspending, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the signaling radio bearer; and maintaining, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the data radio bearer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the suspending the signaling radio bearer comprises:
receiving, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a configuration message via the signaling radio bearer associated with updating the configuration for the connected state; and suppressing the updating of the configuration based at least in part on the initiating of the connection procedure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maintaining the data radio bearer comprises:
communicating, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a data message associated with the application data via the data radio bearer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
suspending the data radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure with the second cell was successful. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the data radio bearer comprises an uplink radio bearer, and further comprising:
maintaining a downlink data radio bearer with the first cell after suspending the uplink data radio bearer; receiving an indication from the second cell to release the downlink radio bearer after suspending the uplink data radio bearer; and releasing the downlink data radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving an indication from the second cell to release the connection with the first cell; and releasing the data radio bearer and the signaling radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
establishing, over the second cell, a second data radio bearer for communicating the application data with the second base station. 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
resuming the source cell connection, data radio bearer, and signaling radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure was unsuccessful or a radio link failure occurred for the second cell. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover command comprises a condition for initiating the connection procedure with the second cell, and wherein the suspending the signaling radio bearer is based at least in part on determining that the condition for initiating the connection procedure is satisfied. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
suspending monitoring for at least one short message or paging message based at least in part on receiving the handover command; and suspending, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a radio resource management procedure for the first cell. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
continuing a radio link monitoring procedure, a beam failure recovery procedure, or a combination thereof on the first cell during the connection procedure with the second cell. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a radio link failure has occurred on the first cell during the connection procedure with the second cell; and suspending a connection re-establishment procedure. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment procedure upon determining that a radio link failure has occurred on the first cell and the connection procedure was unsuccessful for the second cell. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the suspending the radio resource management procedure comprises:
suspending measurements for a measurement gap for the first cell, releasing the measurement gap for the first cell, suppressing monitoring for one or more radio resource management events, or a combination thereof. 15. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
communicating according to a carrier aggregation configuration, the carrier aggregation configuration comprising a first primary cell served by a first base station and at least one secondary cell served by the first base station; receiving a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover of the first primary cell to a second primary cell served by a second base station; initiating a connection procedure to the second primary cell while maintaining a connected state with the first primary cell; and determining a modification of the carrier aggregation configuration for the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on the receiving the handover command. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
releasing the at least one secondary cell served by the first base station from the carrier aggregation configuration. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
deactivating the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on receiving the handover command from the first base station. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the deactivating the at least one secondary cell comprises suspending a radio resource monitoring procedure for the at least one secondary cell. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
maintaining the at least one secondary cell in an activated state during a handover procedure with the second base station. 20. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application data via a data radio bearer;
receive, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station;
initiate, while in the connected state with the first cell, a connection procedure with the second cell;
suspend, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the signaling radio bearer; and
maintain, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the data radio bearer. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for suspending the signaling radio bearer are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a configuration message via the signaling radio bearer associated with updating the configuration for the connected state; and suppress the updating of the configuration based at least in part on the initiating of the connection procedure. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for maintaining the data radio bearer are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a data message associated with the application data via the data radio bearer. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
suspend the data radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure with the second cell was successful. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication from the second cell to release the connection with the first cell; and release the data radio bearer and the signaling radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
establish, over the second cell, a second data radio bearer for communicating the application data with the second base station. 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
resume the source cell connection, data radio bearer, and signaling radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure was unsuccessful or a radio link failure occurred for the second cell. 27. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate according to a carrier aggregation configuration, the carrier aggregation configuration comprising a first primary cell served by a first base station and at least one secondary cell served by the first base station;
receive a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover of the first primary cell to a second primary cell served by a second base station;
initiate a connection procedure to the second primary cell while maintaining a connected state with the first primary cell; and
determine a modification of the carrier aggregation configuration for the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on the receiving the handover command. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for determining the modification are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
release the at least one secondary cell served by the first base station from the carrier aggregation configuration. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for determining the modification are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
deactivate the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on receiving the handover command from the first base station. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for deactivating the at least one secondary cell are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
suspend a radio resource monitoring procedure for the at least one secondary cell. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Aspects include a UE communicating, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application via a data radio bearer. The UE may receive, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station. Aspects may include the UE initiating a connection procedure with the second cell while the connected state with the first cell. The UE may suspend the signal radio bearer and maintain the data radio bearer during the connection procedure with the second cell.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
communicating, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application data via a data radio bearer; receiving, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station; initiating, while in the connected state with the first cell, a connection procedure with the second cell; suspending, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the signaling radio bearer; and maintaining, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the data radio bearer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the suspending the signaling radio bearer comprises:
receiving, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a configuration message via the signaling radio bearer associated with updating the configuration for the connected state; and suppressing the updating of the configuration based at least in part on the initiating of the connection procedure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the maintaining the data radio bearer comprises:
communicating, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a data message associated with the application data via the data radio bearer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
suspending the data radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure with the second cell was successful. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the data radio bearer comprises an uplink radio bearer, and further comprising:
maintaining a downlink data radio bearer with the first cell after suspending the uplink data radio bearer; receiving an indication from the second cell to release the downlink radio bearer after suspending the uplink data radio bearer; and releasing the downlink data radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving an indication from the second cell to release the connection with the first cell; and releasing the data radio bearer and the signaling radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
establishing, over the second cell, a second data radio bearer for communicating the application data with the second base station. 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
resuming the source cell connection, data radio bearer, and signaling radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure was unsuccessful or a radio link failure occurred for the second cell. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the handover command comprises a condition for initiating the connection procedure with the second cell, and wherein the suspending the signaling radio bearer is based at least in part on determining that the condition for initiating the connection procedure is satisfied. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
suspending monitoring for at least one short message or paging message based at least in part on receiving the handover command; and suspending, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a radio resource management procedure for the first cell. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
continuing a radio link monitoring procedure, a beam failure recovery procedure, or a combination thereof on the first cell during the connection procedure with the second cell. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a radio link failure has occurred on the first cell during the connection procedure with the second cell; and suspending a connection re-establishment procedure. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing a radio resource control (RRC) reestablishment procedure upon determining that a radio link failure has occurred on the first cell and the connection procedure was unsuccessful for the second cell. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the suspending the radio resource management procedure comprises:
suspending measurements for a measurement gap for the first cell, releasing the measurement gap for the first cell, suppressing monitoring for one or more radio resource management events, or a combination thereof. 15. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
communicating according to a carrier aggregation configuration, the carrier aggregation configuration comprising a first primary cell served by a first base station and at least one secondary cell served by the first base station; receiving a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover of the first primary cell to a second primary cell served by a second base station; initiating a connection procedure to the second primary cell while maintaining a connected state with the first primary cell; and determining a modification of the carrier aggregation configuration for the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on the receiving the handover command. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
releasing the at least one secondary cell served by the first base station from the carrier aggregation configuration. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
deactivating the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on receiving the handover command from the first base station. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the deactivating the at least one secondary cell comprises suspending a radio resource monitoring procedure for the at least one secondary cell. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the modification comprises:
maintaining the at least one secondary cell in an activated state during a handover procedure with the second base station. 20. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate, with a first base station while in a connected state with a first cell served by the first base station, information associated with a configuration for the connected state via a signaling radio bearer and application data via a data radio bearer;
receive, while in the connected state with the first cell, a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover to a second cell served by a second base station;
initiate, while in the connected state with the first cell, a connection procedure with the second cell;
suspend, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the signaling radio bearer; and
maintain, during the connection procedure with the second cell, the data radio bearer. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for suspending the signaling radio bearer are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a configuration message via the signaling radio bearer associated with updating the configuration for the connected state; and suppress the updating of the configuration based at least in part on the initiating of the connection procedure. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for maintaining the data radio bearer are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate, during the connection procedure with the second cell, a data message associated with the application data via the data radio bearer. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
suspend the data radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure with the second cell was successful. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication from the second cell to release the connection with the first cell; and release the data radio bearer and the signaling radio bearer based at least in part on the indication. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
establish, over the second cell, a second data radio bearer for communicating the application data with the second base station. 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
resume the source cell connection, data radio bearer, and signaling radio bearer based at least in part on determining that the connection procedure was unsuccessful or a radio link failure occurred for the second cell. 27. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
communicate according to a carrier aggregation configuration, the carrier aggregation configuration comprising a first primary cell served by a first base station and at least one secondary cell served by the first base station;
receive a handover command from the first base station indicating a handover of the first primary cell to a second primary cell served by a second base station;
initiate a connection procedure to the second primary cell while maintaining a connected state with the first primary cell; and
determine a modification of the carrier aggregation configuration for the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on the receiving the handover command. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for determining the modification are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
release the at least one secondary cell served by the first base station from the carrier aggregation configuration. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for determining the modification are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
deactivate the at least one secondary cell based at least in part on receiving the handover command from the first base station. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions stored in the memory for deactivating the at least one secondary cell are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
suspend a radio resource monitoring procedure for the at least one secondary cell. | 3,600 |
344,349 | 16,803,838 | 3,617 | A portable biosensor for detecting and quantifying a target molecule in a biological sample and method of use include a biosensor fabricated with a recognition layer with an imprinted polymer, an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer, and a logic circuit that may include a processor and non-transitory memory with computer executable instructions embedded thereon, wherein the imprinted polymer is shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, such that the target molecule can form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer, thus changing an electrical property of the polymer layer that may be detected to identify the presence of the target molecule. | 1. A biosensor for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample, the biosensor comprising:
a recognition layer comprising an imprinted polymer; an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer; and a logic circuit comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with computer executable instructions embedded thereon; wherein the imprinted polymer is shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, such that the target molecule can form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer; the electrode is configured to detect a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer; and the logic circuit is electrically coupled to the electrode and the computer executable instructions cause the processor to identify the electrical property detected with the electrode when the target molecule binds to the imprinted polymer. 2. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the recognition layer is regenerated in-situ. 3. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the recognition layer is arranged into an array having multiple rows, each of the rows having at least one imprinted polymer that is independently electrically coupled to an electrode. 4. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical current. 5. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical voltage. 6. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical impedance. 7. The biosensor of claim 1, further comprising a uniform redox probe, wherein the uniform redox probe is deposited on a surface of the electrode. 8. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to generate an indication identifying the presence of the target molecule based on the electrical property of the recognition layer detected with the electrode. 9. The biosensor of claim 8, further comprising a display, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to output the indication identifying the presence of the target molecule to the display. 10. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a catalytically active substrate. 11. A method for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample using a biosensor comprised of a recognition layer with at least one imprinted polymer, the imprinted polymer being shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer, and a logic circuit, the method comprising:
introducing the biological sample to the biosensor, wherein the target molecule will form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer when the target molecule is present in the biological sample; obtaining, with the electrode, a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer; and generating, with the logic circuit, an indication that the target molecule is present in the biological sample based on the measurement of the electrical property. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising sweeping the electrode to regenerate the recognition layer in-situ. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical current. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical voltage. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical impedance. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the target molecule further comprises an electroactive molecule. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electroactive molecule is tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, dopamine, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, uric acid, mycophenolic acid, caffeine, methionine, cortisol, noradrenaline, or adrenaline. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising depositing a uniform redox probe on a surface of the electrode. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the target molecule further comprises an non-electroactive molecule. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the target molecule is leucine, iso-leucine, valine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, creatinine, or urea. 21. A method for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample using a biosensor comprised of a recognition layer with at least one imprinted polymer, the imprinted polymer being shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, an electrode electrically coupled to the polymer layer and having at least one surface with an uniform redox probe, a logic circuit, and a display, the method comprising:
introducing the biological sample to the biosensor, wherein the target molecule will form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer when the target molecule is present in the biological sample; obtaining, with the electrode, a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer upon the target molecule binding to the imprinted polymer; generating, with the logic circuit, an indication that the target molecule is present in the biological sample based on the measurement of the electrical property; and causing the display to display the indication identifying the presence of the target molecule. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising sweeping the electrode to regenerate the recognition layer in-situ. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the uniform redox probe comprises ferric ferrocyanide. | A portable biosensor for detecting and quantifying a target molecule in a biological sample and method of use include a biosensor fabricated with a recognition layer with an imprinted polymer, an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer, and a logic circuit that may include a processor and non-transitory memory with computer executable instructions embedded thereon, wherein the imprinted polymer is shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, such that the target molecule can form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer, thus changing an electrical property of the polymer layer that may be detected to identify the presence of the target molecule.1. A biosensor for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample, the biosensor comprising:
a recognition layer comprising an imprinted polymer; an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer; and a logic circuit comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with computer executable instructions embedded thereon; wherein the imprinted polymer is shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, such that the target molecule can form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer; the electrode is configured to detect a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer; and the logic circuit is electrically coupled to the electrode and the computer executable instructions cause the processor to identify the electrical property detected with the electrode when the target molecule binds to the imprinted polymer. 2. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the recognition layer is regenerated in-situ. 3. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the recognition layer is arranged into an array having multiple rows, each of the rows having at least one imprinted polymer that is independently electrically coupled to an electrode. 4. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical current. 5. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical voltage. 6. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical property is an electrical impedance. 7. The biosensor of claim 1, further comprising a uniform redox probe, wherein the uniform redox probe is deposited on a surface of the electrode. 8. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the computer executable instructions cause the processor to generate an indication identifying the presence of the target molecule based on the electrical property of the recognition layer detected with the electrode. 9. The biosensor of claim 8, further comprising a display, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the processor to output the indication identifying the presence of the target molecule to the display. 10. The biosensor of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a catalytically active substrate. 11. A method for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample using a biosensor comprised of a recognition layer with at least one imprinted polymer, the imprinted polymer being shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, an electrode electrically coupled to the recognition layer, and a logic circuit, the method comprising:
introducing the biological sample to the biosensor, wherein the target molecule will form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer when the target molecule is present in the biological sample; obtaining, with the electrode, a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer; and generating, with the logic circuit, an indication that the target molecule is present in the biological sample based on the measurement of the electrical property. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising sweeping the electrode to regenerate the recognition layer in-situ. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical current. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical voltage. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the electrical property is an electrical impedance. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the target molecule further comprises an electroactive molecule. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electroactive molecule is tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, dopamine, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, uric acid, mycophenolic acid, caffeine, methionine, cortisol, noradrenaline, or adrenaline. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising depositing a uniform redox probe on a surface of the electrode. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the target molecule further comprises an non-electroactive molecule. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the target molecule is leucine, iso-leucine, valine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, creatinine, or urea. 21. A method for detecting a target molecule in a biological sample using a biosensor comprised of a recognition layer with at least one imprinted polymer, the imprinted polymer being shaped to have a profile that substantially matches a profile of the target molecule, an electrode electrically coupled to the polymer layer and having at least one surface with an uniform redox probe, a logic circuit, and a display, the method comprising:
introducing the biological sample to the biosensor, wherein the target molecule will form-fit and bind to the imprinted polymer when the target molecule is present in the biological sample; obtaining, with the electrode, a measurement of an electrical property of the recognition layer upon the target molecule binding to the imprinted polymer; generating, with the logic circuit, an indication that the target molecule is present in the biological sample based on the measurement of the electrical property; and causing the display to display the indication identifying the presence of the target molecule. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising sweeping the electrode to regenerate the recognition layer in-situ. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the uniform redox probe comprises ferric ferrocyanide. | 3,600 |
344,350 | 16,803,831 | 3,617 | Systems and methods for an integrated photonics vertical coupler are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a device includes a first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes. Further, the device includes a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein a physical relationship between the first waveguide and the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion causes an adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion. | 1. A device comprising:
a first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes; and a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein a physical relationship between the first waveguide and the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion causes an adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into the second waveguide preserves the orthogonal modes of the first photon and the second photon when propagating in the first waveguide. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon is in a TE mode and the second photon is in a TM mode. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon is coupled into the second coupling portion before the second photon. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the second waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made from materials having different indexes of refraction. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the first waveguide layer is made of periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the second waveguide layer is made of silicon nitride. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are generated within the first waveguide. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the physical relationship comprises changing a width of the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the width gradually changes by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 11. A device comprising:
a first waveguide layer having a first waveguide therein, the first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes; and a second waveguide layer having a second waveguide therein, the second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein the first photon and the second photon are adiabatically transferred into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made of materials having different indexes of refraction. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the second coupling portion. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the width gradually changes by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the first photon and the second photon are coupled into the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the first photon is coupled into the second coupling portion before the second photon. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the first waveguide layer is made of periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 17. The device of claim 10, wherein the second waveguide layer is made of silicon nitride. 18. A method comprising:
generating a first photon and a second photon in a first waveguide formed in a first waveguide layer, where the first photon is in a first mode and the second photon is in a second mode orthogonal to the first mode; coupling the first photon from the first waveguide into a second waveguide at a first location within a coupling portion of the second waveguide, wherein the coupling portion is a section of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide; and coupling the second photon from the first waveguide into the second waveguide at a second location distinct from the first location within the coupling portion, wherein the first photon and the second photon are coupled into one of the first location and the second location based on whether propagation within the first waveguide is in the first mode or the second mode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein a width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the coupling portion by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the second waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made from materials having different indexes of refraction. | Systems and methods for an integrated photonics vertical coupler are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a device includes a first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes. Further, the device includes a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein a physical relationship between the first waveguide and the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion causes an adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion.1. A device comprising:
a first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes; and a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein a physical relationship between the first waveguide and the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion causes an adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the adiabatic transfer of the first photon and the second photon into the second waveguide preserves the orthogonal modes of the first photon and the second photon when propagating in the first waveguide. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon is in a TE mode and the second photon is in a TM mode. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon is coupled into the second coupling portion before the second photon. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the second waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made from materials having different indexes of refraction. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the first waveguide layer is made of periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the second waveguide layer is made of silicon nitride. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are generated within the first waveguide. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the physical relationship comprises changing a width of the second waveguide along the length of the second coupling portion. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the width gradually changes by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 11. A device comprising:
a first waveguide layer having a first waveguide therein, the first waveguide having a first photon and a second photon propagating therein, wherein the first photon and the second photon are propagating in orthogonal modes; and a second waveguide layer having a second waveguide therein, the second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein the first photon and the second photon are adiabatically transferred into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made of materials having different indexes of refraction. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the second coupling portion. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the width gradually changes by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the first photon and the second photon are coupled into the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion. 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the first photon is coupled into the second coupling portion before the second photon. 16. The device of claim 10, wherein the first waveguide layer is made of periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 17. The device of claim 10, wherein the second waveguide layer is made of silicon nitride. 18. A method comprising:
generating a first photon and a second photon in a first waveguide formed in a first waveguide layer, where the first photon is in a first mode and the second photon is in a second mode orthogonal to the first mode; coupling the first photon from the first waveguide into a second waveguide at a first location within a coupling portion of the second waveguide, wherein the coupling portion is a section of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide; and coupling the second photon from the first waveguide into the second waveguide at a second location distinct from the first location within the coupling portion, wherein the first photon and the second photon are coupled into one of the first location and the second location based on whether propagation within the first waveguide is in the first mode or the second mode. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein a width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the coupling portion by widening along the direction of propagation of the first photon and the second photon within the second waveguide. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the second waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer are made from materials having different indexes of refraction. | 3,600 |
344,351 | 16,803,845 | 1,761 | The devices and methods described herein push forward the resolution limits of directed self-assembly (DSA) technology for advanced device applications. Specifically described herein, are compositions of bioinspired DSA materials and methods using these bioinspired DSA materials to form sub-7 nm line-space patterns and to achieve functional nanoscopic structures, e.g., conducting nanowires on a substrate. | 1. A hybrid nanomaterial composition comprising:
an amphiphilic molecule comprising a polar head and a lipophilic tail; and a metal conjugated to the polar head of the amphiphilic molecule. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic molecule comprises one or both of a phospholipid, a multicarboxylated fatty acid, or any derivative thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic molecule has photopolymerizable side chains. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is an M2+ cation. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is metal oxide. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is a copper or a nickel. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein composition self assembles to form line and/or space patterns of 10 nm, 8 nm, 6 nm, 5 nm, 4 nm, 3 nm, 2 nm, 1 nm, or less than 1 nm. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition assembles into atomic scale random patterns on solid substrates, the patterns comprising conductive metal oxide or metal nodes decorated on lamellar structures of lipid bilayers. 9. A method of fabricating a self-assembled functional nanostructure comprising:
dissolving a composition according to claim 1 in a first solvent to faun a solubilized component; and mixing the solubilized component into a second solvent, wherein the composition is soluble in the first solvent and insoluble in the second solvent. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure comprises an inverse vesicle or micelle. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising sonicating the solubilized component when mixing into the second solvent. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein mixing the solubilized component into the second solvent is performed at approximately room temperature. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure self assembles as the solubilized component is mixed into the second solvent. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure is a nanowire. | The devices and methods described herein push forward the resolution limits of directed self-assembly (DSA) technology for advanced device applications. Specifically described herein, are compositions of bioinspired DSA materials and methods using these bioinspired DSA materials to form sub-7 nm line-space patterns and to achieve functional nanoscopic structures, e.g., conducting nanowires on a substrate.1. A hybrid nanomaterial composition comprising:
an amphiphilic molecule comprising a polar head and a lipophilic tail; and a metal conjugated to the polar head of the amphiphilic molecule. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic molecule comprises one or both of a phospholipid, a multicarboxylated fatty acid, or any derivative thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic molecule has photopolymerizable side chains. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is an M2+ cation. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is metal oxide. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the metal is a copper or a nickel. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein composition self assembles to form line and/or space patterns of 10 nm, 8 nm, 6 nm, 5 nm, 4 nm, 3 nm, 2 nm, 1 nm, or less than 1 nm. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition assembles into atomic scale random patterns on solid substrates, the patterns comprising conductive metal oxide or metal nodes decorated on lamellar structures of lipid bilayers. 9. A method of fabricating a self-assembled functional nanostructure comprising:
dissolving a composition according to claim 1 in a first solvent to faun a solubilized component; and mixing the solubilized component into a second solvent, wherein the composition is soluble in the first solvent and insoluble in the second solvent. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure comprises an inverse vesicle or micelle. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising sonicating the solubilized component when mixing into the second solvent. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein mixing the solubilized component into the second solvent is performed at approximately room temperature. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure self assembles as the solubilized component is mixed into the second solvent. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the self-assembled functional nanostructure is a nanowire. | 1,700 |
344,352 | 16,803,829 | 1,761 | A vehicle includes one or more cameras that capture a plurality of two-dimensional images of a three-dimensional object. A light detector and/or a semantic classifier search within those images for lights of the three-dimensional object. A vehicle signal detection module fuses information from the light detector and/or the semantic classifier to produce a semantic meaning for the lights. The vehicle can be controlled based on the semantic meaning. Further, the vehicle can include a depth sensor and an object projector. The object projector can determine regions of interest within the two-dimensional images, based on the depth sensor. The light detector and/or the semantic classifier can use these regions of interest to efficiently perform the search for the lights. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body; receiving a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object; projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image; determining a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and searching for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
controlling a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determining a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
cropping the two-dimensional image to the region of interest to produce a cropped image, wherein the searching is performed on the cropped image. 8. One or more non-transitory, computer-readable media encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more processing units, perform a method comprising:
receiving a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body; receiving a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object; projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image; determining a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and searching for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
controlling a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determining a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
cropping the two-dimensional image to the region of interest to produce a cropped image, wherein the searching is performed on the cropped image. 15. A system, comprising:
a memory including instructions; a processor to execute the instructions; and an object projector, encoded in the instructions, to:
receive a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body;
receive a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object;
project the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image;
determine a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and
search for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a vehicle control system to accelerate, brake, or steer a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the object projector further is to:
receive a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determine a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the first signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. | A vehicle includes one or more cameras that capture a plurality of two-dimensional images of a three-dimensional object. A light detector and/or a semantic classifier search within those images for lights of the three-dimensional object. A vehicle signal detection module fuses information from the light detector and/or the semantic classifier to produce a semantic meaning for the lights. The vehicle can be controlled based on the semantic meaning. Further, the vehicle can include a depth sensor and an object projector. The object projector can determine regions of interest within the two-dimensional images, based on the depth sensor. The light detector and/or the semantic classifier can use these regions of interest to efficiently perform the search for the lights.1. A method, comprising:
receiving a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body; receiving a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object; projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image; determining a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and searching for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
controlling a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determining a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
cropping the two-dimensional image to the region of interest to produce a cropped image, wherein the searching is performed on the cropped image. 8. One or more non-transitory, computer-readable media encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more processing units, perform a method comprising:
receiving a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body; receiving a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object; projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image; determining a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and searching for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
controlling a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determining a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein the signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
cropping the two-dimensional image to the region of interest to produce a cropped image, wherein the searching is performed on the cropped image. 15. A system, comprising:
a memory including instructions; a processor to execute the instructions; and an object projector, encoded in the instructions, to:
receive a two-dimensional image of a first three-dimensional object from a camera on a body;
receive a first signal indicating first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object;
project the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image;
determine a region of interest in the two-dimensional image based on the projection; and
search for a light of the three-dimensional object within the region of interest. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates onto the two-dimensional image comprises applying a matrix transformation to the first three-dimensional coordinates. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a vehicle control system to accelerate, brake, or steer a vehicle, based on the light of the three-dimensional object. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the object projector further is to:
receive a second signal indicating second three-dimensional coordinates of a second three-dimensional object; and determine a portion of the first three-dimensional object is occluded in the two-dimensional image by the second three-dimensional object, based on the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object, and the second three-dimensional coordinates of the second three-dimensional object. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein projecting the first three-dimensional coordinates comprises projecting a surface of a three-dimensional polygon corresponding to the first three-dimensional object. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the first signal indicating the three-dimensional coordinates of the first three-dimensional object includes three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object, and the region of interest is determined based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the plurality of surfaces of the first three-dimensional object. | 1,700 |
344,353 | 16,803,833 | 1,761 | A processing device reads data from a memory device in response to a received request and performs a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data. The processing device determines that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data, modifies the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic and performs a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading data from the memory device in response to a received request;
performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data;
determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data;
modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and
performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is to perform further operations comprising:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the modified operating characteristic is different than the initial operating characteristic. 8. A method comprising:
reading data from a memory device in response to a received request; performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data; determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data; modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying the operating characteristic comprises:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the modified operating characteristic is different than the initial operating characteristic. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading data from a memory device in response to a received request; performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data; determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data; modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein to identify the initial operating characteristic, the operations further comprise:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. | A processing device reads data from a memory device in response to a received request and performs a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data. The processing device determines that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data, modifies the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic and performs a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data.1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
reading data from the memory device in response to a received request;
performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data;
determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data;
modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and
performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is to perform further operations comprising:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the modified operating characteristic is different than the initial operating characteristic. 8. A method comprising:
reading data from a memory device in response to a received request; performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data; determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data; modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein identifying the operating characteristic comprises:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the modified operating characteristic is different than the initial operating characteristic. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
reading data from a memory device in response to a received request; performing a first error control operation on the data based on an initial operating characteristic to correct one or more errors in the data; determining that the first error control operation based on the initial operating characteristic failed to correct the one or more errors in the data; modifying the initial operating characteristic to generate a modified operating characteristic; and performing a second error control operation on the data based on the modified operating characteristic to correct the one or more errors in the data. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein to identify the initial operating characteristic, the operations further comprise:
identifying critical data, wherein the initial operating characteristic is based on the critical data, and wherein the first error control operation is performed by using the critical data. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the critical data specifies a temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the initial operating characteristic corresponds to a first offset value that is to be used with the first error control operation, and wherein the first offset value pertains to the temperature associated with the memory device when the data was written to the memory device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the modified operating characteristic specifies a second offset value that is to be used with the second error control operation at a subsequent time, and wherein the second offset value is different than the first offset value. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the first offset value is based on a first read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data, and the second offset value is based on a second read threshold voltage that is applied to the memory device to retrieve the data. | 1,700 |
344,354 | 16,803,820 | 1,761 | Systems and embodiments for an integrated photonics mode splitter and converter are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a system includes a substrate having a first index of refraction. Additionally, the system includes a waveguide layer on the substrate, wherein the waveguide has a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction. Also, the waveguide layer includes one or more mode splitters that receive at least one of a first photon in a first mode and a second photon in a second mode through an input port and provide one of the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port. The waveguide layer also includes a mode converter coupled to the second output of a mode splitter, wherein the mode converter receives the second photon through a port and outputs the second photon in the first mode through the port. | 1. A device comprising:
an input port configured to receive a first photon propagating in a first mode and a second photon propagating in a second mode that is orthogonal to the first mode; a first output port; a second output port; a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the first output port, wherein the first waveguide receives the first photon and the second photon through the input port and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall and the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are on a substrate of a first material and within a waveguide layer of a second material, where the first material and the second material have a different index of refraction. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first material is periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are generated within the substrate layer. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second material is silicon nitride. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are entangled photons. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first mode is a TE mode and the second mode is a TM mode. 7. A system comprising:
a substrate layer having a first index of refraction; a waveguide layer formed on the substrate layer, the waveguide layer having a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, wherein the waveguide layer comprises:
one or more waveguides formed therein, wherein at least one waveguide in the one or more waveguides comprises a modulated sidewall; and
one or more ports for receiving one or more input photons and providing one or more output photons, where an output mode of the one or more output photons and a port in the one or more ports associated with the output photons is based on an input mode of the one or more input photons. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more waveguides and the one or more ports form a mode splitter, the mode splitter comprising:
a first waveguide in the one or more waveguides coupled to an input port and a first output port in the one or more ports, wherein the first waveguide receives a first photon and a second photon through the input port and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide in the one or more waveguides coupled to a second output port in the one or more ports, wherein the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more waveguides and the one or more ports form a mode converter, the mode converter comprising:
a port in the one or more ports configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and a waveguide coupled to the port that causes the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the waveguide comprises a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide. 12. A device comprising:
a substrate having a first index of refraction; a waveguide layer on the substrate, the waveguide layer having a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, the waveguide layer comprising:
a port configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and
a waveguide coupled to the port, the waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide, wherein the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall cause the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first material is periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the second material is silicon nitride. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the first mode is a TE mode. 16. A system comprising
a substrate having a first index of refraction; and a waveguide layer on the substrate, wherein the waveguide layer has a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, the waveguide layer comprising:
one or more mode splitters that receive at least one of a first photon in a first mode and a second photon in a second mode through an input port and provide at least one of the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port; and
a mode converter coupled to the second output of a mode splitter in the one or more mode splitters, wherein the mode converter receives the second photon through a port and outputs the second photon in the first mode through the port. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a mode splitter in the one or more mode splitters comprises:
a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide from the first waveguide and output through the second output port. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide is a modulated sidewall. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein a mode converter in the one or more mode converters comprises a waveguide coupled to the port that causes the photon to output through the port propagating in the first mode. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the waveguide comprises a first modulated sidewall and a second modulated sidewall, wherein the first modulated sidewall is out of phase with the second modulated sidewall. | Systems and embodiments for an integrated photonics mode splitter and converter are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a system includes a substrate having a first index of refraction. Additionally, the system includes a waveguide layer on the substrate, wherein the waveguide has a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction. Also, the waveguide layer includes one or more mode splitters that receive at least one of a first photon in a first mode and a second photon in a second mode through an input port and provide one of the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port. The waveguide layer also includes a mode converter coupled to the second output of a mode splitter, wherein the mode converter receives the second photon through a port and outputs the second photon in the first mode through the port.1. A device comprising:
an input port configured to receive a first photon propagating in a first mode and a second photon propagating in a second mode that is orthogonal to the first mode; a first output port; a second output port; a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the first output port, wherein the first waveguide receives the first photon and the second photon through the input port and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall and the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are on a substrate of a first material and within a waveguide layer of a second material, where the first material and the second material have a different index of refraction. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first material is periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are generated within the substrate layer. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second material is silicon nitride. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first photon and the second photon are entangled photons. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first mode is a TE mode and the second mode is a TM mode. 7. A system comprising:
a substrate layer having a first index of refraction; a waveguide layer formed on the substrate layer, the waveguide layer having a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, wherein the waveguide layer comprises:
one or more waveguides formed therein, wherein at least one waveguide in the one or more waveguides comprises a modulated sidewall; and
one or more ports for receiving one or more input photons and providing one or more output photons, where an output mode of the one or more output photons and a port in the one or more ports associated with the output photons is based on an input mode of the one or more input photons. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more waveguides and the one or more ports form a mode splitter, the mode splitter comprising:
a first waveguide in the one or more waveguides coupled to an input port and a first output port in the one or more ports, wherein the first waveguide receives a first photon and a second photon through the input port and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide in the one or more waveguides coupled to a second output port in the one or more ports, wherein the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more waveguides and the one or more ports form a mode converter, the mode converter comprising:
a port in the one or more ports configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and a waveguide coupled to the port that causes the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the waveguide comprises a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide. 12. A device comprising:
a substrate having a first index of refraction; a waveguide layer on the substrate, the waveguide layer having a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, the waveguide layer comprising:
a port configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and
a waveguide coupled to the port, the waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide, wherein the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall cause the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first material is periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate. 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the second material is silicon nitride. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the first mode is a TE mode. 16. A system comprising
a substrate having a first index of refraction; and a waveguide layer on the substrate, wherein the waveguide layer has a second index of refraction different from the first index of refraction, the waveguide layer comprising:
one or more mode splitters that receive at least one of a first photon in a first mode and a second photon in a second mode through an input port and provide at least one of the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port; and
a mode converter coupled to the second output of a mode splitter in the one or more mode splitters, wherein the mode converter receives the second photon through a port and outputs the second photon in the first mode through the port. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a mode splitter in the one or more mode splitters comprises:
a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide from the first waveguide and output through the second output port. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide is a modulated sidewall. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein a mode converter in the one or more mode converters comprises a waveguide coupled to the port that causes the photon to output through the port propagating in the first mode. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the waveguide comprises a first modulated sidewall and a second modulated sidewall, wherein the first modulated sidewall is out of phase with the second modulated sidewall. | 1,700 |
344,355 | 16,803,825 | 1,761 | An information recommendation method and a related device. The method includes: receiving first recommended information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommended information being information associated with a first type of information associated with viewed information of a user with a viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving second recommended information recommended by the server in a second time period; and receiving third recommended information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommended information being information associated with a second type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user. | 1. A method for information recommendation, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, first recommendation information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving, by the terminal device, second recommendation information recommended by the server in a second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and receiving, by the terminal device, third recommendation information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user; and the second behavior record being a record of a behavior of the user in the second time period. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; and the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first time period is adjacent to the second time period; and
the method further comprises: before receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period: displaying, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation button on a display interface at a target time point; wherein the target time point is located within the first time period, and a time interval between the target time point and an ending time point of the first time period is less than a third threshold; and in response to detecting a clicking operation on the random-recommendation button, sending, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation request to the server in a target duration; wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, receiving, by the terminal device, fourth recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user, the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, hiding, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation button. 7. A method for information recommendation, comprising:
recommending, by a server, first recommendation information to a terminal device in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; recommending, by the server, second recommendation information to the terminal device in a second time period and recording a second behavior record of the user in the second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and recommending, by the server, third recommendation information to the terminal device in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to the second behavior record. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; and the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
before recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period: receiving, by the server, a random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period, and the random-recommendation request is triggered in response to the terminal device detecting a clicking operation on a random-recommendation button. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
in response to the server receiving no random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, recommending, by the server, fourth recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user; the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 12. A terminal device, comprising at least one processor, at least one non-transitory memory, and at least one program; wherein the at least one program is stored in the at least one non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the at least one processor to perform an information recommendation method, the method comprises:
receiving, by a terminal device, first recommendation information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving, by the terminal device, second recommendation information recommended by the server in a second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and receiving, by the terminal device, third recommendation information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user; the second behavior record being a record of a behavior of the user in the second time period. 13. The terminal device according to claim 12, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 14. The terminal device according to claim 12, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 15. The terminal device according to claim 13, wherein the first time period is adjacent to the second time period; and
the method further comprises: before receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period: displaying, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation button on a display interface at a target time point; wherein the target time point is located within the first time period, and a time interval between the target time point and an ending time point of the first time period is less than a third threshold; and in response to detecting a clicking operation on the random-recommendation button, sending, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation request to the server in a target duration; wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period. 16. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, receiving, by the terminal device, fourth recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user, the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 17. A server, comprising at least one processor, at least one non-transitory memory, and at least one program; wherein the at least one program is stored in the at least one non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the at least one processor to perform an information recommendation method, the method comprises:
recommending, by a server, first recommendation information to a terminal device in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; recommending, by the server, second recommendation information to the terminal device in a second time period and recording a second behavior record of the user in the second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and recommending, by the server, third recommendation information to the terminal device in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to the second behavior record. 18. The server according to claim 17, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 19. The server according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
before recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period: receiving, by the server, a random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period, and the random-recommendation request is triggered in response to the terminal device detecting a clicking operation on a random-recommendation button. 20. The server according to claim 19, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
in response to the server receiving no random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, recommending, by the server, fourth recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user; the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. | An information recommendation method and a related device. The method includes: receiving first recommended information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommended information being information associated with a first type of information associated with viewed information of a user with a viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving second recommended information recommended by the server in a second time period; and receiving third recommended information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommended information being information associated with a second type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user.1. A method for information recommendation, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, first recommendation information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving, by the terminal device, second recommendation information recommended by the server in a second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and receiving, by the terminal device, third recommendation information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user; and the second behavior record being a record of a behavior of the user in the second time period. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; and the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first time period is adjacent to the second time period; and
the method further comprises: before receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period: displaying, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation button on a display interface at a target time point; wherein the target time point is located within the first time period, and a time interval between the target time point and an ending time point of the first time period is less than a third threshold; and in response to detecting a clicking operation on the random-recommendation button, sending, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation request to the server in a target duration; wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, receiving, by the terminal device, fourth recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user, the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, hiding, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation button. 7. A method for information recommendation, comprising:
recommending, by a server, first recommendation information to a terminal device in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; recommending, by the server, second recommendation information to the terminal device in a second time period and recording a second behavior record of the user in the second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and recommending, by the server, third recommendation information to the terminal device in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to the second behavior record. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; and the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
before recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period: receiving, by the server, a random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period, and the random-recommendation request is triggered in response to the terminal device detecting a clicking operation on a random-recommendation button. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
in response to the server receiving no random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, recommending, by the server, fourth recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user; the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 12. A terminal device, comprising at least one processor, at least one non-transitory memory, and at least one program; wherein the at least one program is stored in the at least one non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the at least one processor to perform an information recommendation method, the method comprises:
receiving, by a terminal device, first recommendation information recommended by a server in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; receiving, by the terminal device, second recommendation information recommended by the server in a second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and receiving, by the terminal device, third recommendation information recommended by the server in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to a second behavior record of the user; the second behavior record being a record of a behavior of the user in the second time period. 13. The terminal device according to claim 12, wherein a duration of the first time period is greater than a duration of the second time period, and a duration of the third time period is greater than the duration of the second time period; the second time period follows the first time period, and the third time period follows the second time period. 14. The terminal device according to claim 12, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 15. The terminal device according to claim 13, wherein the first time period is adjacent to the second time period; and
the method further comprises: before receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period: displaying, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation button on a display interface at a target time point; wherein the target time point is located within the first time period, and a time interval between the target time point and an ending time point of the first time period is less than a third threshold; and in response to detecting a clicking operation on the random-recommendation button, sending, by the terminal device, a random-recommendation request to the server in a target duration; wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period. 16. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein receiving, by the terminal device, the second recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period comprises:
in response to detecting no clicking operation on the random-recommendation button in the target duration, receiving, by the terminal device, fourth recommendation information recommended by the server in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user, the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, receiving, by the terminal device, the random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server in the second time period. 17. A server, comprising at least one processor, at least one non-transitory memory, and at least one program; wherein the at least one program is stored in the at least one non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by the at least one processor to perform an information recommendation method, the method comprises:
recommending, by a server, first recommendation information to a terminal device in a first time period, the first recommendation information being information associated with a first type, and the first type being a type of information associated with first viewed information of a user with a first viewed amount not less than a first threshold and determined according to a first behavior record of the user; recommending, by the server, second recommendation information to the terminal device in a second time period and recording a second behavior record of the user in the second time period, wherein the second recommendation information comprises random-recommendation information randomly recommended by the server or target recommendation information recommended by the server; and recommending, by the server, third recommendation information to the terminal device in a third time period, the third recommendation information being information associated with a second type, and the second type being a type of information associated with second viewed information of the user with a second viewed amount not less than a second threshold and determined according to the second behavior record. 18. The server according to claim 17, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. 19. The server according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
before recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period: receiving, by the server, a random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, wherein the random-recommendation request is configured to instruct the server to randomly recommend information to the terminal device in the second time period, and the random-recommendation request is triggered in response to the terminal device detecting a clicking operation on a random-recommendation button. 20. The server according to claim 19, wherein recommending, by the server, the second recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period comprises:
in response to the server receiving no random-recommendation request transmitted by the terminal device, recommending, by the server, fourth recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period; wherein the fourth recommendation information is information associated with a third type, and the third type is a type of information associated with third viewed information of the user with a third viewed amount not less than a third threshold and determined according to a third behavior record of the user; the third behavior record is a record of the behavior of the user in the first time period, and the fourth recommendation information is utilized as the target recommendation information of the second recommendation information; and in response to the server receiving the random-recommendation request, randomly recommending, by the server, the random-recommendation information to the terminal device in the second time period. | 1,700 |
344,356 | 16,803,832 | 1,761 | Techniques are described for a vectorized queue, which implements a vectorized ‘contains’ function that determines whether a value is in the queue. A three-phase vectorized shortest-path graph search splits each expanding and probing iteration into three phases that utilize vectorized instructions: (1) The neighbors of nodes that are in a next queue are fetched and written into a current queue. (2) It is determined whether the destination node is among the fetched neighbor nodes in the current queue. (3) The fetched neighbor nodes that have not yet been visited are put into the next queue. According to an embodiment, a vectorized copy operation performs vector-based data copying using vectorized load and store instructions. Specifically, vectors of data are copied from a source to a destination. Any invalid data copied to the destination is overwritten, either with a vector of additional valid data or with a vector of nonce data. | 1. A computer-executed method for identifying a path, in a graph database, between a pair of nodes that comprises a source node and a destination node, the method comprising:
performing a first phase by identifying, in the graph database, one or more neighbor nodes of nodes in a next_queue; performing a second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes; and in response to determining that the destination node is not included in the one or more neighbor nodes, performing a third phase by, for each node of the one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes comprises:
populating a destination-node vector with an identifier of the destination node; wherein information identifying the one or more neighbor nodes is stored in a current queue; for each vector of data in the current queue:
using a vectorized instruction to compare the respective vector of data to the destination-node vector to produce a respective result vector, and
determining whether the destination node is included in the respective vector of data based, at least in part, on the respective result vector. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, in an adjacency list, a first portion of data that stores a list of neighbor nodes of a first node in the next_queue; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a current queue, the first portion of data. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 3, wherein:
performance of the first copy operation results in neighbor node data stored in the current queue; and performing the second phase is based, at least in part, on the neighbor node data stored in the current queue. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 3, further comprising:
identifying a second portion of data, in the adjacency list, that stores a second list of neighbor nodes of a second node in the next_queue; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to a location in the current queue that marks an end of neighbor node information, the second portion of data; wherein copying the second portion of data comprises overwriting data copied in the first copy operation. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 3, further comprising:
after copying data by the first copy operation and before performing the second phase, overwriting, with nonce data, a particular portion of data in the current queue directly following data that reflects neighbor information for nodes in the next queue; wherein the particular portion of data reflects information other than neighbor information for nodes in the next_queue. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise all neighbor nodes of all nodes in the next_queue. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise neighbor nodes of a first set of nodes, comprising less than all nodes from the next queue. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing a second iteration of the first phase by identifying, in the graph database, second one or more neighbor nodes of a second set of nodes, from the next_queue, that are other than the first set of nodes; performing a second iteration of the second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the second one or more neighbor nodes; and performing a second iteration of the third phase by, for each node of the second one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 10. A computer-executed method comprising:
identifying a first portion of data in a data source; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a data destination, the first portion of data; wherein performance of the first copy operation results in a second portion of data, located after the first portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and identifying a third portion of data in the data source; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to the data destination, the third portion of data; wherein performance of the second copy operation overwrites the second portion of data; and wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 11. The computer-executed method of claim 10, wherein:
performance of the second copy operation results in a fourth portion of data, located after the third portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and the method further comprises, after copying the third portion of data to the data destination, overwriting, with nonce data, the fourth portion of data in the data destination. 12. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
performing a first phase by identifying, in the graph database, one or more neighbor nodes of nodes in a next_queue; performing a second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes; and in response to determining that the destination node is not included in the one or more neighbor nodes, performing a third phase by, for each node of the one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes comprises:
populating a destination-node vector with an identifier of the destination node; wherein information identifying the one or more neighbor nodes is stored in a current queue; for each vector of data in the current queue:
using a vectorized instruction to compare the respective vector of data to the destination-node vector to produce a respective result vector, and
determining whether the destination node is included in the respective vector of data based, at least in part, on the respective result vector. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying, in an adjacency list, a first portion of data that stores a list of neighbor nodes of a first node in the next_queue; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a current queue, the first portion of data. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein:
performance of the first copy operation results in neighbor node data stored in the current queue; and performing the second phase is based, at least in part, on the neighbor node data stored in the current queue. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying a second portion of data, in the adjacency list, that stores a second list of neighbor nodes of a second node in the next_queue; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to a location in the current queue that marks an end of neighbor node information, the second portion of data; wherein copying the second portion of data comprises overwriting data copied in the first copy operation. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
after copying data by the first copy operation and before performing the second phase, overwriting, with nonce data, a particular portion of data in the current queue directly following data that reflects neighbor information for nodes in the next queue; wherein the particular portion of data reflects information other than neighbor information for nodes in the next_queue. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise all neighbor nodes of all nodes in the next_queue. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise neighbor nodes of a first set of nodes, comprising less than all nodes from the next_queue. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
performing a second iteration of the first phase by identifying, in the graph database, second one or more neighbor nodes of a second set of nodes, from the next_queue, that are other than the first set of nodes; performing a second iteration of the second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the second one or more neighbor nodes; and performing a second iteration of the third phase by, for each node of the second one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 21. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying a first portion of data in a data source; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a data destination, the first portion of data; wherein performance of the first copy operation results in a second portion of data, located after the first portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and identifying a third portion of data in the data source; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to the data destination, the third portion of data; wherein performance of the second copy operation overwrites the second portion of data. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
performance of the second copy operation results in a fourth portion of data, located after the third portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, after copying the third portion of data to the data destination, overwriting, with nonce data, the fourth portion of data in the data destination. | Techniques are described for a vectorized queue, which implements a vectorized ‘contains’ function that determines whether a value is in the queue. A three-phase vectorized shortest-path graph search splits each expanding and probing iteration into three phases that utilize vectorized instructions: (1) The neighbors of nodes that are in a next queue are fetched and written into a current queue. (2) It is determined whether the destination node is among the fetched neighbor nodes in the current queue. (3) The fetched neighbor nodes that have not yet been visited are put into the next queue. According to an embodiment, a vectorized copy operation performs vector-based data copying using vectorized load and store instructions. Specifically, vectors of data are copied from a source to a destination. Any invalid data copied to the destination is overwritten, either with a vector of additional valid data or with a vector of nonce data.1. A computer-executed method for identifying a path, in a graph database, between a pair of nodes that comprises a source node and a destination node, the method comprising:
performing a first phase by identifying, in the graph database, one or more neighbor nodes of nodes in a next_queue; performing a second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes; and in response to determining that the destination node is not included in the one or more neighbor nodes, performing a third phase by, for each node of the one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes comprises:
populating a destination-node vector with an identifier of the destination node; wherein information identifying the one or more neighbor nodes is stored in a current queue; for each vector of data in the current queue:
using a vectorized instruction to compare the respective vector of data to the destination-node vector to produce a respective result vector, and
determining whether the destination node is included in the respective vector of data based, at least in part, on the respective result vector. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, in an adjacency list, a first portion of data that stores a list of neighbor nodes of a first node in the next_queue; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a current queue, the first portion of data. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 3, wherein:
performance of the first copy operation results in neighbor node data stored in the current queue; and performing the second phase is based, at least in part, on the neighbor node data stored in the current queue. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 3, further comprising:
identifying a second portion of data, in the adjacency list, that stores a second list of neighbor nodes of a second node in the next_queue; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to a location in the current queue that marks an end of neighbor node information, the second portion of data; wherein copying the second portion of data comprises overwriting data copied in the first copy operation. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 3, further comprising:
after copying data by the first copy operation and before performing the second phase, overwriting, with nonce data, a particular portion of data in the current queue directly following data that reflects neighbor information for nodes in the next queue; wherein the particular portion of data reflects information other than neighbor information for nodes in the next_queue. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise all neighbor nodes of all nodes in the next_queue. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise neighbor nodes of a first set of nodes, comprising less than all nodes from the next queue. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing a second iteration of the first phase by identifying, in the graph database, second one or more neighbor nodes of a second set of nodes, from the next_queue, that are other than the first set of nodes; performing a second iteration of the second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the second one or more neighbor nodes; and performing a second iteration of the third phase by, for each node of the second one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 10. A computer-executed method comprising:
identifying a first portion of data in a data source; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a data destination, the first portion of data; wherein performance of the first copy operation results in a second portion of data, located after the first portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and identifying a third portion of data in the data source; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to the data destination, the third portion of data; wherein performance of the second copy operation overwrites the second portion of data; and wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 11. The computer-executed method of claim 10, wherein:
performance of the second copy operation results in a fourth portion of data, located after the third portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and the method further comprises, after copying the third portion of data to the data destination, overwriting, with nonce data, the fourth portion of data in the data destination. 12. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
performing a first phase by identifying, in the graph database, one or more neighbor nodes of nodes in a next_queue; performing a second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes; and in response to determining that the destination node is not included in the one or more neighbor nodes, performing a third phase by, for each node of the one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein determining whether the destination node is included in the one or more neighbor nodes comprises:
populating a destination-node vector with an identifier of the destination node; wherein information identifying the one or more neighbor nodes is stored in a current queue; for each vector of data in the current queue:
using a vectorized instruction to compare the respective vector of data to the destination-node vector to produce a respective result vector, and
determining whether the destination node is included in the respective vector of data based, at least in part, on the respective result vector. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying, in an adjacency list, a first portion of data that stores a list of neighbor nodes of a first node in the next_queue; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a current queue, the first portion of data. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein:
performance of the first copy operation results in neighbor node data stored in the current queue; and performing the second phase is based, at least in part, on the neighbor node data stored in the current queue. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying a second portion of data, in the adjacency list, that stores a second list of neighbor nodes of a second node in the next_queue; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to a location in the current queue that marks an end of neighbor node information, the second portion of data; wherein copying the second portion of data comprises overwriting data copied in the first copy operation. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
after copying data by the first copy operation and before performing the second phase, overwriting, with nonce data, a particular portion of data in the current queue directly following data that reflects neighbor information for nodes in the next queue; wherein the particular portion of data reflects information other than neighbor information for nodes in the next_queue. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise all neighbor nodes of all nodes in the next_queue. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes comprise neighbor nodes of a first set of nodes, comprising less than all nodes from the next_queue. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
performing a second iteration of the first phase by identifying, in the graph database, second one or more neighbor nodes of a second set of nodes, from the next_queue, that are other than the first set of nodes; performing a second iteration of the second phase by determining whether the destination node is included in the second one or more neighbor nodes; and performing a second iteration of the third phase by, for each node of the second one or more neighbor nodes: determining whether the respective node has previously been visited, and, in response to determining that the respective node has not previously been visited, including the respective node in the next_queue. 21. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying a first portion of data in a data source; by a first copy operation, copying, by vectors to a data destination, the first portion of data; wherein performance of the first copy operation results in a second portion of data, located after the first portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and identifying a third portion of data in the data source; by a second copy operation, copying, by vectors to the data destination, the third portion of data; wherein performance of the second copy operation overwrites the second portion of data. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
performance of the second copy operation results in a fourth portion of data, located after the third portion of data in the data source, being copied to the data destination; and the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, after copying the third portion of data to the data destination, overwriting, with nonce data, the fourth portion of data in the data destination. | 1,700 |
344,357 | 16,803,826 | 1,761 | In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related disease and, in particular, a method of blood lipid therapy comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of reducing an apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) level of a subject on statin therapy and having baseline fasting triglycerides of about 200 mg/dl to about 499 mg/dl, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosapentaenoic acid. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 5%. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 15%. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject per day. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein about 2 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein about 3.8 g to about 4 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject daily for a period of 1 to about 12 weeks. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the reduction in APOC3 level is in comparison to control subjects having fasting triglycerides of about 200 mg/dl to about 499 mg/dl who have received the statin but not the pharmaceutical composition. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least about 95%, by weight of all fatty acids present, ethyl eicosapentaenoate. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosahexaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 32. A method of reducing an apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) level of a subject having fasting baseline triglycerides of at least about 500 mg/dl, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosapentaenoic acid. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 5%. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 25%. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject per day. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein about 2 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein about 3.8 g to about 4 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject daily for a period of 1 to about 12 weeks. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the reduction in APOC3 level is in comparison to control subjects having fasting triglycerides of at least about 500 mg/dl who have not received the pharmaceutical composition. 40. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least about 95%, by weight of all fatty acids present, ethyl eicosapentaenoate. 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 42. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosahexaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. | In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related disease and, in particular, a method of blood lipid therapy comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of reducing an apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) level of a subject on statin therapy and having baseline fasting triglycerides of about 200 mg/dl to about 499 mg/dl, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosapentaenoic acid. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 5%. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 15%. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject per day. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein about 2 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein about 3.8 g to about 4 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject daily for a period of 1 to about 12 weeks. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the reduction in APOC3 level is in comparison to control subjects having fasting triglycerides of about 200 mg/dl to about 499 mg/dl who have received the statin but not the pharmaceutical composition. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least about 95%, by weight of all fatty acids present, ethyl eicosapentaenoate. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosahexaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 32. A method of reducing an apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) level of a subject having fasting baseline triglycerides of at least about 500 mg/dl, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosapentaenoic acid. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 5%. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the APOC3 level is reduced by at least about 25%. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject per day. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein about 2 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein about 3.8 g to about 4 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject daily for a period of 1 to about 12 weeks. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the reduction in APOC3 level is in comparison to control subjects having fasting triglycerides of at least about 500 mg/dl who have not received the pharmaceutical composition. 40. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least about 95%, by weight of all fatty acids present, ethyl eicosapentaenoate. 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. 42. The method of claim 32, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises no more than about 10%, by weight of all fatty acids present, docosahexaenoic acid or a derivative thereof, if any. | 1,700 |
344,358 | 16,803,828 | 1,761 | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Methods, network entities, and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DoS) attack in a wireless network (e.g., access network (AN), core network (CN)). Embodiments herein disclose methods and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in wireless networks, by performing admission control by verifying a User Equipment's (UE's) registration request via a Closed Access Group (CAG) cell without performing a primary authentication. Embodiments herein disclose methods and system for verifying permissions of the UE to access a CAG cell based on the UE's Subscription identifier, before performing the primary authentication. Methods and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DoS) attack in a wireless network. A method for mitigating Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in wireless networks includes requesting a public land mobile network (PLMN) for accessing a non-public network (NPN) through a Closed Access Group (CAG) cell, verifying the permissions of a user equipment (UE) to access the requested NPN through the CAG cell, and performing a primary authentication. | 1. A method performed by a unified data management (UDM) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, a request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE), and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
deconcealing the SUCI of the UE; and verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell or not. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the UE is not allowed to access the CAG Cell, transmitting, to the AUSF entity, a reject message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell, performing an authentication procedure comprising a generation of an authentication vector. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE based on the deconcealing of SUCI, wherein the SUPI of the UE is used to verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the UDM entity is associated with at least one of a subscription identifier deconcealing function (SIDF) or an authentication credential repository and processing function, and wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name. 5. A method performed by an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, a first request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE); and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
transmitting, to a unified data management (UDM) entity, a second request message including:
the SUCI of the UE; and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the UDM entity, a second response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and transmitting, to the AMF entity, a first response message including the information for indicating the rejection of the CAG Cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 7. The method of claim 5,
wherein the first request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the second request message further includes the SN name. 8. A method performed by an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from a user equipment (UE) via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE;
transmitting, to an unified data management (UDM) entity, a request message including: the SUCI of the UE, and the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving, from the UDM entity, a response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not, 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the AMF entity is associated with a security anchor function (SEAF). 11. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, to an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, from the AMF entity, a registration rejection including information for a cause value in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, and wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 13. A unified data management (UDM) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, a request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE), and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
deconceal the SUCI of the UE; and verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell or not. 14. The UDM entity of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
if the UE is not allowed to access the CAG Cell, transmit, to the AUSF entity, a reject message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell, perform an authentication procedure comprising a generation of an authentication vector. 15. The UDM entity of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
identify a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE based on the deconcealing of SUCI, wherein the SUPI of the UE is used to verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 16. The UDM entity of claim 13,
wherein the UDM entity is associated with at least one of a subscription identifier deconcealing function (SIDF) or an authentication credential repository and processing function, and wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name. 17. An authentication server function (AUSF) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, a first request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE); and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
transmit, to a unified data management (UDM) entity, a second request message including:
the SUCI of the UE; and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 18. The AUSF entity of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the UDM entity, a second response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and transmit, to the AMF entity, a first response message including the information for indicating the rejection of the CAG Cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 19. The AUSF entity of claim 17,
wherein the first request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the second request message further includes the SN name. 20. An access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from a user equipment (UE) via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE;
transmit, to an unified data management (UDM) entity, a request message including:
the SUCI of the UE, and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 21. The AMF entity of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the UDM entity, a response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not, 22. The AMF entity of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the AMF entity is associated with a security anchor function (SEAF). 23. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
transmit, to an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the AMF entity, a registration rejection including information for a cause value in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, and wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). Methods, network entities, and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DoS) attack in a wireless network (e.g., access network (AN), core network (CN)). Embodiments herein disclose methods and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in wireless networks, by performing admission control by verifying a User Equipment's (UE's) registration request via a Closed Access Group (CAG) cell without performing a primary authentication. Embodiments herein disclose methods and system for verifying permissions of the UE to access a CAG cell based on the UE's Subscription identifier, before performing the primary authentication. Methods and systems for mitigating Denial of Service (DoS) attack in a wireless network. A method for mitigating Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in wireless networks includes requesting a public land mobile network (PLMN) for accessing a non-public network (NPN) through a Closed Access Group (CAG) cell, verifying the permissions of a user equipment (UE) to access the requested NPN through the CAG cell, and performing a primary authentication.1. A method performed by a unified data management (UDM) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, a request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE), and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
deconcealing the SUCI of the UE; and verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell or not. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the UE is not allowed to access the CAG Cell, transmitting, to the AUSF entity, a reject message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell, performing an authentication procedure comprising a generation of an authentication vector. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE based on the deconcealing of SUCI, wherein the SUPI of the UE is used to verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the UDM entity is associated with at least one of a subscription identifier deconcealing function (SIDF) or an authentication credential repository and processing function, and wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name. 5. A method performed by an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, a first request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE); and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
transmitting, to a unified data management (UDM) entity, a second request message including:
the SUCI of the UE; and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the UDM entity, a second response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and transmitting, to the AMF entity, a first response message including the information for indicating the rejection of the CAG Cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 7. The method of claim 5,
wherein the first request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the second request message further includes the SN name. 8. A method performed by an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, the method comprising:
receiving, from a user equipment (UE) via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE;
transmitting, to an unified data management (UDM) entity, a request message including: the SUCI of the UE, and the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving, from the UDM entity, a response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not, 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the AMF entity is associated with a security anchor function (SEAF). 11. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
transmitting, to an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, from the AMF entity, a registration rejection including information for a cause value in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, and wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 13. A unified data management (UDM) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from an authentication server function (AUSF) entity, a request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE), and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
deconceal the SUCI of the UE; and verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell or not. 14. The UDM entity of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
if the UE is not allowed to access the CAG Cell, transmit, to the AUSF entity, a reject message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and if the UE is allowed to access the CAG Cell, perform an authentication procedure comprising a generation of an authentication vector. 15. The UDM entity of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
identify a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE based on the deconcealing of SUCI, wherein the SUPI of the UE is used to verify if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 16. The UDM entity of claim 13,
wherein the UDM entity is associated with at least one of a subscription identifier deconcealing function (SIDF) or an authentication credential repository and processing function, and wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name. 17. An authentication server function (AUSF) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, a first request message including:
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of a user equipment (UE); and
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
transmit, to a unified data management (UDM) entity, a second request message including:
the SUCI of the UE; and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 18. The AUSF entity of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the UDM entity, a second response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell; and transmit, to the AMF entity, a first response message including the information for indicating the rejection of the CAG Cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. 19. The AUSF entity of claim 17,
wherein the first request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the second request message further includes the SN name. 20. An access and mobility management function (AMF) entity, comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
receive, from a user equipment (UE) via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell;
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE;
transmit, to an unified data management (UDM) entity, a request message including:
the SUCI of the UE, and
the CAG identifier of the CAG cell. 21. The AMF entity of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the UDM entity, a response message including information for indicating a rejection of the CAG Cell in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not, 22. The AMF entity of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
wherein the request message further includes a serving network (SN) name, and wherein the AMF entity is associated with a security anchor function (SEAF). 23. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver, configured to:
transmit, to an authentication an access and mobility management function (AMF) entity via a base station, a registration request including:
a closed access group (CAG) identifier of a CAG cell,
a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI) of the UE. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
receive, from the AMF entity, a registration rejection including information for a cause value in case that the UE is not allowed to access the CAG cell, and wherein the SUCI is used to obtain a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) of the UE for verifying if the UE is allowed to access the CAG cell or not. | 1,700 |
344,359 | 16,803,819 | 1,761 | Techniques are described herein for a vectorized hash table that uses very efficient grow and insert techniques. A single-probe hash table is grown via vectorized instructions that split each bucket, of the hash table, into a respective upper and lower bucket of the expanded hash table. Further, vacant slots are indicated using a vacant-slot-indicator value, e.g., ‘0’, and all vacant slots follow to the right of all occupied slots in a bucket. A vectorized compare instruction determines whether a value is already in the bucket. If not, the vectorized compare instruction is also used to determine whether the bucket has a vacant slot based on whether the bucket contains the vacant-slot-indicator value. To insert the value into the bucket, vectorized instructions are used to shift the values in the bucket to the right by one slot and to insert the new value into the left-most slot. | 1. A computer-executed method comprising:
increasing a cardinality of buckets of a particular hash table, which comprises a set of buckets, to produce an expanded hash table by, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
executing a first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask, for the respective bucket, based on a hash function for the expanded hash table,
executing a second SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a first set of values of a plurality of values in the respective bucket,
populating a first derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the first set of values,
executing a third SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a second set of values of the plurality of values, and
populating a second derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the second set of values;
wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
executing the second SIMD instruction instance produces a first vector of values comprising the first set of values; a representation of the first vector of values comprises a first plurality of ordered value slots; the first vector of values includes the first set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the first plurality of ordered value slots; executing the third SIMD instruction instance produces a second vector of values comprising the second set of values; a representation of the second vector of values comprises a second plurality of ordered value slots; and the second vector of values includes the second set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the second plurality of ordered value slots. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 2, wherein each of one or more vacant slots, of the first plurality of ordered value slots and second plurality of ordered value slots, stores a vacant-slot-indicator value. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a hash-target bit position based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table; wherein the hash function for the expanded hash table is based, at least in part, on the hash-target bit position; wherein, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
said executing the first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask for each bucket of the set of buckets is based on bits, of the plurality of values in the respective bucket, at the hash-target bit position,
each value, of the first set of values for the respective bucket, has a set bit at the hash-target bit position, and
each value, of the second set of values for the respective bucket, has an unset bit at the hash-target bit position. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
the first SIMD instruction instance comprises a first SIMD instruction; the second SIMD instruction instance and the third SIMD instruction instance respectively comprise a second SIMD instruction; and an AVX-512 instruction set comprises the first SIMD instruction and the second SIMD instruction. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
the expanded hash table comprises a particular first derived bucket and a particular second derived bucket, both derived from a particular bucket of the set of buckets of the particular hash table; a first bucket number of the particular first derived bucket in the expanded hash table is a bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table; and a second bucket number of the second derived bucket in the expanded hash table is the bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table offset by a size of the particular hash table. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
adding a particular value to the particular hash table by:
identifying a target bucket, of the set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value;
determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots;
in response to determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots, performing said increasing the cardinality of buckets of the particular hash table to produce the expanded hash table;
wherein the expanded hash table comprises a second set of buckets;
after the expanded hash table is produced:
identifying a second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value,
determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots, and
in response to determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot, adding the particular value to the second target bucket. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
the target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value,
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector,
determining, based on the result vector, that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value, and
wherein determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots is based on determining that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 8, wherein the vacant-slot-indicator value is zero. 10. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
the second target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value;
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the second target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector;
determining, based on the result vector, that one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value; and
wherein determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot is based on determining that the one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 11. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
occupied slots of the second target bucket are stored contiguously at a first extreme of the second target bucket; and adding the particular value to the second target bucket comprises performing a single SIMD instruction to:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shift, by one slot, values in the second target bucket toward a second extreme of the second target bucket to produce a vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, insert the particular value into the vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket. 12. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein identifying the second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value is based, at least in part, on a modulo hash function that divides the particular value by a value that is based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table. 13. A computer-executed method comprising:
inserting a particular value into a vector that comprises a plurality of values; wherein the plurality of values is stored contiguously at a first extreme of the vector; wherein inserting the particular value comprises:
determining whether there are one or more empty slots in the vector, and
in response to determining that there are one or more empty slots in the vector, performing a single SIMD instruction to perform:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shifting the plurality of values in the vector toward a second extreme of the vector, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, inserting the particular value at the first extreme of the vector;
wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 14. The computer-executed method of claim 13, wherein the vector is a first vector, the method further comprising, prior to inserting the particular value into the vector:
identifying a set of values, from a second vector, with which to populate the first vector; executing a single second SIMD instruction to perform compressing the set of values into contiguous slots at the first extreme of the first vector. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
increasing a cardinality of buckets of a particular hash table, which comprises a set of buckets, to produce an expanded hash table by, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
executing a first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask, for the respective bucket, based on a hash function for the expanded hash table,
executing a second SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a first set of values of a plurality of values in the respective bucket,
populating a first derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the first set of values,
executing a third SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a second set of values of the plurality of values, and
populating a second derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the second set of values. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
executing the second SIMD instruction instance produces a first vector of values comprising the first set of values; a representation of the first vector of values comprises a first plurality of ordered value slots; the first vector of values includes the first set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the first plurality of ordered value slots; executing the third SIMD instruction instance produces a second vector of values comprising the second set of values; a representation of the second vector of values comprises a second plurality of ordered value slots; and the second vector of values includes the second set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the second plurality of ordered value slots. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein each of one or more vacant slots, of the first plurality of ordered value slots and second plurality of ordered value slots, stores a vacant-slot-indicator value. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
determining a hash-target bit position based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table; wherein the hash function for the expanded hash table is based, at least in part, on the hash-target bit position; wherein, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
said executing the first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask for each bucket of the set of buckets is based on bits, of the plurality of values in the respective bucket, at the hash-target bit position,
each value, of the first set of values for the respective bucket, has a set bit at the hash-target bit position, and
each value, of the second set of values for the respective bucket, has an unset bit at the hash-target bit position. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the first SIMD instruction instance comprises a first SIMD instruction; the second SIMD instruction instance and the third SIMD instruction instance respectively comprise a second SIMD instruction; and an AVX-512 instruction set comprises the first SIMD instruction and the second SIMD instruction. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the expanded hash table comprises a particular first derived bucket and a particular second derived bucket, both derived from a particular bucket of the set of buckets of the particular hash table; a first bucket number of the particular first derived bucket in the expanded hash table is a bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table; and a second bucket number of the second derived bucket in the expanded hash table is the bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table offset by a size of the particular hash table. 21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
adding a particular value to the particular hash table by:
identifying a target bucket, of the set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value;
determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots;
in response to determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots, performing said increasing the cardinality of buckets of the particular hash table to produce the expanded hash table;
wherein the expanded hash table comprises a second set of buckets;
after the expanded hash table is produced:
identifying a second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value,
determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots, and
in response to determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot, adding the particular value to the second target bucket. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
the target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value,
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector,
determining, based on the result vector, that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value, and
wherein determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots is based on determining that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 23. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 22, wherein the vacant-slot-indicator value is zero. 24. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
the second target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value;
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the second target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector;
determining, based on the result vector, that one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value; and
wherein determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot is based on determining that the one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 25. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
occupied slots of the second target bucket are stored contiguously at a first extreme of the second target bucket; and adding the particular value to the second target bucket comprises performing a single SIMD instruction to:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shift, by one slot, values in the second target bucket toward a second extreme of the second target bucket to produce a vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, insert the particular value into the vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket. 26. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein identifying the second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value is based, at least in part, on a modulo hash function that divides the particular value by a value that is based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table. 27. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
inserting a particular value into a vector that comprises a plurality of values; wherein the plurality of values is stored contiguously at a first extreme of the vector; wherein inserting the particular value comprises:
determining whether there are one or more empty slots in the vector, and
in response to determining that there are one or more empty slots in the vector, performing a single SIMD instruction to perform:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shifting the plurality of values in the vector toward a second extreme of the vector, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, inserting the particular value at the first extreme of the vector. 28. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 27, wherein:
the vector is a first vector; and the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, prior to inserting the particular value into the vector:
identifying a set of values, from a second vector, with which to populate the first vector, and
executing a single second SIMD instruction to perform compressing the set of values into contiguous slots at the first extreme of the first vector. | Techniques are described herein for a vectorized hash table that uses very efficient grow and insert techniques. A single-probe hash table is grown via vectorized instructions that split each bucket, of the hash table, into a respective upper and lower bucket of the expanded hash table. Further, vacant slots are indicated using a vacant-slot-indicator value, e.g., ‘0’, and all vacant slots follow to the right of all occupied slots in a bucket. A vectorized compare instruction determines whether a value is already in the bucket. If not, the vectorized compare instruction is also used to determine whether the bucket has a vacant slot based on whether the bucket contains the vacant-slot-indicator value. To insert the value into the bucket, vectorized instructions are used to shift the values in the bucket to the right by one slot and to insert the new value into the left-most slot.1. A computer-executed method comprising:
increasing a cardinality of buckets of a particular hash table, which comprises a set of buckets, to produce an expanded hash table by, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
executing a first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask, for the respective bucket, based on a hash function for the expanded hash table,
executing a second SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a first set of values of a plurality of values in the respective bucket,
populating a first derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the first set of values,
executing a third SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a second set of values of the plurality of values, and
populating a second derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the second set of values;
wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
executing the second SIMD instruction instance produces a first vector of values comprising the first set of values; a representation of the first vector of values comprises a first plurality of ordered value slots; the first vector of values includes the first set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the first plurality of ordered value slots; executing the third SIMD instruction instance produces a second vector of values comprising the second set of values; a representation of the second vector of values comprises a second plurality of ordered value slots; and the second vector of values includes the second set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the second plurality of ordered value slots. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 2, wherein each of one or more vacant slots, of the first plurality of ordered value slots and second plurality of ordered value slots, stores a vacant-slot-indicator value. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a hash-target bit position based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table; wherein the hash function for the expanded hash table is based, at least in part, on the hash-target bit position; wherein, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
said executing the first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask for each bucket of the set of buckets is based on bits, of the plurality of values in the respective bucket, at the hash-target bit position,
each value, of the first set of values for the respective bucket, has a set bit at the hash-target bit position, and
each value, of the second set of values for the respective bucket, has an unset bit at the hash-target bit position. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
the first SIMD instruction instance comprises a first SIMD instruction; the second SIMD instruction instance and the third SIMD instruction instance respectively comprise a second SIMD instruction; and an AVX-512 instruction set comprises the first SIMD instruction and the second SIMD instruction. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein:
the expanded hash table comprises a particular first derived bucket and a particular second derived bucket, both derived from a particular bucket of the set of buckets of the particular hash table; a first bucket number of the particular first derived bucket in the expanded hash table is a bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table; and a second bucket number of the second derived bucket in the expanded hash table is the bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table offset by a size of the particular hash table. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
adding a particular value to the particular hash table by:
identifying a target bucket, of the set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value;
determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots;
in response to determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots, performing said increasing the cardinality of buckets of the particular hash table to produce the expanded hash table;
wherein the expanded hash table comprises a second set of buckets;
after the expanded hash table is produced:
identifying a second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value,
determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots, and
in response to determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot, adding the particular value to the second target bucket. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
the target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value,
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector,
determining, based on the result vector, that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value, and
wherein determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots is based on determining that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 8, wherein the vacant-slot-indicator value is zero. 10. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
the second target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value;
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the second target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector;
determining, based on the result vector, that one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value; and
wherein determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot is based on determining that the one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 11. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein:
occupied slots of the second target bucket are stored contiguously at a first extreme of the second target bucket; and adding the particular value to the second target bucket comprises performing a single SIMD instruction to:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shift, by one slot, values in the second target bucket toward a second extreme of the second target bucket to produce a vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, insert the particular value into the vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket. 12. The computer-executed method of claim 7, wherein identifying the second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value is based, at least in part, on a modulo hash function that divides the particular value by a value that is based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table. 13. A computer-executed method comprising:
inserting a particular value into a vector that comprises a plurality of values; wherein the plurality of values is stored contiguously at a first extreme of the vector; wherein inserting the particular value comprises:
determining whether there are one or more empty slots in the vector, and
in response to determining that there are one or more empty slots in the vector, performing a single SIMD instruction to perform:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shifting the plurality of values in the vector toward a second extreme of the vector, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, inserting the particular value at the first extreme of the vector;
wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 14. The computer-executed method of claim 13, wherein the vector is a first vector, the method further comprising, prior to inserting the particular value into the vector:
identifying a set of values, from a second vector, with which to populate the first vector; executing a single second SIMD instruction to perform compressing the set of values into contiguous slots at the first extreme of the first vector. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
increasing a cardinality of buckets of a particular hash table, which comprises a set of buckets, to produce an expanded hash table by, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
executing a first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask, for the respective bucket, based on a hash function for the expanded hash table,
executing a second SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a first set of values of a plurality of values in the respective bucket,
populating a first derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the first set of values,
executing a third SIMD instruction instance, based at least in part on the split mask, to identify a second set of values of the plurality of values, and
populating a second derived bucket, of the expanded hash table, with the second set of values. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
executing the second SIMD instruction instance produces a first vector of values comprising the first set of values; a representation of the first vector of values comprises a first plurality of ordered value slots; the first vector of values includes the first set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the first plurality of ordered value slots; executing the third SIMD instruction instance produces a second vector of values comprising the second set of values; a representation of the second vector of values comprises a second plurality of ordered value slots; and the second vector of values includes the second set of values in contiguous value slots at a first extreme of the second plurality of ordered value slots. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein each of one or more vacant slots, of the first plurality of ordered value slots and second plurality of ordered value slots, stores a vacant-slot-indicator value. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
determining a hash-target bit position based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table; wherein the hash function for the expanded hash table is based, at least in part, on the hash-target bit position; wherein, for each bucket of the set of buckets:
said executing the first SIMD instruction instance to produce a split mask for each bucket of the set of buckets is based on bits, of the plurality of values in the respective bucket, at the hash-target bit position,
each value, of the first set of values for the respective bucket, has a set bit at the hash-target bit position, and
each value, of the second set of values for the respective bucket, has an unset bit at the hash-target bit position. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the first SIMD instruction instance comprises a first SIMD instruction; the second SIMD instruction instance and the third SIMD instruction instance respectively comprise a second SIMD instruction; and an AVX-512 instruction set comprises the first SIMD instruction and the second SIMD instruction. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the expanded hash table comprises a particular first derived bucket and a particular second derived bucket, both derived from a particular bucket of the set of buckets of the particular hash table; a first bucket number of the particular first derived bucket in the expanded hash table is a bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table; and a second bucket number of the second derived bucket in the expanded hash table is the bucket number of the particular bucket in the particular hash table offset by a size of the particular hash table. 21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
adding a particular value to the particular hash table by:
identifying a target bucket, of the set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value;
determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots;
in response to determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots, performing said increasing the cardinality of buckets of the particular hash table to produce the expanded hash table;
wherein the expanded hash table comprises a second set of buckets;
after the expanded hash table is produced:
identifying a second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value,
determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots, and
in response to determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot, adding the particular value to the second target bucket. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
the target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value,
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector,
determining, based on the result vector, that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value, and
wherein determining that the target bucket has no vacant slots is based on determining that no slots of the target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 23. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 22, wherein the vacant-slot-indicator value is zero. 24. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
the second target bucket comprises a plurality of slots; and determining whether the second target bucket has any vacant slots comprises:
populating a vector with a vacant-slot-indicator value;
using a single SIMD instruction to compare values stored in the plurality of slots of the second target bucket with values of the vector to produce a result vector;
determining, based on the result vector, that one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value; and
wherein determining that the second target bucket has at least one vacant slot is based on determining that the one or more slots of the second target bucket contain the vacant-slot-indicator value. 25. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein:
occupied slots of the second target bucket are stored contiguously at a first extreme of the second target bucket; and adding the particular value to the second target bucket comprises performing a single SIMD instruction to:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shift, by one slot, values in the second target bucket toward a second extreme of the second target bucket to produce a vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, insert the particular value into the vacant slot at the first extreme of the second target bucket. 26. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 21, wherein identifying the second target bucket, of the second set of buckets, that corresponds to the particular value is based, at least in part, on a modulo hash function that divides the particular value by a value that is based, at least in part, on a size of the expanded hash table. 27. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
inserting a particular value into a vector that comprises a plurality of values; wherein the plurality of values is stored contiguously at a first extreme of the vector; wherein inserting the particular value comprises:
determining whether there are one or more empty slots in the vector, and
in response to determining that there are one or more empty slots in the vector, performing a single SIMD instruction to perform:
based, at least on a permutation mask, shifting the plurality of values in the vector toward a second extreme of the vector, and
based, at least in part, on a value vector populated with the particular value, inserting the particular value at the first extreme of the vector. 28. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 27, wherein:
the vector is a first vector; and the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, prior to inserting the particular value into the vector:
identifying a set of values, from a second vector, with which to populate the first vector, and
executing a single second SIMD instruction to perform compressing the set of values into contiguous slots at the first extreme of the first vector. | 1,700 |
344,360 | 16,803,856 | 1,761 | Methods, systems, and devices for extended error detection for a memory device are described. For example, during a read operation, the memory device may perform an error detection operation capable of detecting single-bit errors, double-bit errors, and errors that impact more than two bits and indicate the detected error to a host device. The memory device may use parity information to perform an error detection procedure to detect and/or correct errors within data retrieved during the read operation. In some cases, the memory device may associate each bit of the data read during the read operation with two or more bits of parity information. For example, the memory device may use two or more sets of parity bits to detect errors within a matrix of the data. Each set of parity bits may correspond to a dimension of the matrix of data. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a memory device comprising a memory array, a read command from a host device; reading data and a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data; performing an error detection operation on the data read from the memory array based at least in part on the first set of parity bits and the second set of parity bits; and outputting an indicator of an error to the host device based at least in part on performing the error detection operation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data is a multiple of a width of a bus between the memory device and the host device, and the second dimension of the matrix of the data is a multiple of a burst length associated with the read command. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reading a third set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, wherein the second set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a first portion of the data and the third set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a second portion of the data that is different than the first portion of the data. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reading a third set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, the third set of parity bits corresponding to parity information for a third dimension of the matrix of the data, and wherein the performing the error detection operation is based at least in part on the third set of parity bits. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the error detection operation comprises obtaining second data based at least in part on the data read from the memory array and the first and second sets of parity bits, the method further comprising outputting the second data to the host device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the memory device is operating in a first mode, wherein the first mode is associated with a lower latency than a second mode; and outputting the data read from the memory array to the host device based at least in part on the determining, wherein the outputting comprises bypassing an error correction operation. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the data read from the memory array concurrently with performing the error detection operation. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing at least one of a single error correction (SEC) operation or a single error correction double error detection (SECDED) operation on the data read from the memory array to obtain second data; and outputting the second data to the host device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator of the error comprises an indication of an error impacting a single bit, two bits, three bits, four bits, five bits, an even quantity of bits, or an odd quantity of bits, or a combination thereof. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells, each memory cell comprising a capacitive storage element; an interface couplable with a host device via a channel; a controller configured to receive a read command from the host device via the interface and to read data from the array of memory cells; and error detection logic coupled with the interface and the array of memory cells and configured to perform an error detection operation based at least in part on a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to detect whether the data includes an error based at least in part on performing the error detection operation, and the controller is further configured to set a value of a register indicating whether the data includes the error. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a width of the channel; and the second dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a burst length associated with the read command. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to obtain second data based at least in part on the data and the first and second sets of parity bits, and the interface is configured to output the second data to the host device. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is configured to identify that the error detection logic is operating in a first mode, the first mode being associated with a lower latency than a second mode, and the interface is configured to output the data read from the array of memory cells via a data path that bypasses the error detection logic based at least in part on the identifying that the error detection logic is operating in the first mode. 17. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells, each memory cell comprising a capacitive storage element; an interface couplable with a host device via a channel; a controller configured to receive a write command from the host device via the interface and to write data to the array of memory cells; and error detection logic coupled with the interface and the array of memory cells and configured to generate a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data, wherein the array of memory cells are further configured to store the data, the first set of parity bits, and the second set of parity bits. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a width of the channel, and the second dimension corresponds to a burst length associated with the write command. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to generate a third set of parity bits, the second set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a first portion of the data and the third set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a second portion of the data that is different than the first portion of the data, and the array of memory cells is configured to store, based at least in part on the write command, the third set of parity bits. | Methods, systems, and devices for extended error detection for a memory device are described. For example, during a read operation, the memory device may perform an error detection operation capable of detecting single-bit errors, double-bit errors, and errors that impact more than two bits and indicate the detected error to a host device. The memory device may use parity information to perform an error detection procedure to detect and/or correct errors within data retrieved during the read operation. In some cases, the memory device may associate each bit of the data read during the read operation with two or more bits of parity information. For example, the memory device may use two or more sets of parity bits to detect errors within a matrix of the data. Each set of parity bits may correspond to a dimension of the matrix of data.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a memory device comprising a memory array, a read command from a host device; reading data and a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data; performing an error detection operation on the data read from the memory array based at least in part on the first set of parity bits and the second set of parity bits; and outputting an indicator of an error to the host device based at least in part on performing the error detection operation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data is a multiple of a width of a bus between the memory device and the host device, and the second dimension of the matrix of the data is a multiple of a burst length associated with the read command. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reading a third set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, wherein the second set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a first portion of the data and the third set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a second portion of the data that is different than the first portion of the data. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reading a third set of parity bits from the memory array based at least in part on the read command, the third set of parity bits corresponding to parity information for a third dimension of the matrix of the data, and wherein the performing the error detection operation is based at least in part on the third set of parity bits. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the error detection operation comprises obtaining second data based at least in part on the data read from the memory array and the first and second sets of parity bits, the method further comprising outputting the second data to the host device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the memory device is operating in a first mode, wherein the first mode is associated with a lower latency than a second mode; and outputting the data read from the memory array to the host device based at least in part on the determining, wherein the outputting comprises bypassing an error correction operation. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the data read from the memory array concurrently with performing the error detection operation. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing at least one of a single error correction (SEC) operation or a single error correction double error detection (SECDED) operation on the data read from the memory array to obtain second data; and outputting the second data to the host device. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator of the error comprises an indication of an error impacting a single bit, two bits, three bits, four bits, five bits, an even quantity of bits, or an odd quantity of bits, or a combination thereof. 11. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells, each memory cell comprising a capacitive storage element; an interface couplable with a host device via a channel; a controller configured to receive a read command from the host device via the interface and to read data from the array of memory cells; and error detection logic coupled with the interface and the array of memory cells and configured to perform an error detection operation based at least in part on a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to detect whether the data includes an error based at least in part on performing the error detection operation, and the controller is further configured to set a value of a register indicating whether the data includes the error. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a width of the channel; and the second dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a burst length associated with the read command. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to obtain second data based at least in part on the data and the first and second sets of parity bits, and the interface is configured to output the second data to the host device. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the error detection logic is configured to identify that the error detection logic is operating in a first mode, the first mode being associated with a lower latency than a second mode, and the interface is configured to output the data read from the array of memory cells via a data path that bypasses the error detection logic based at least in part on the identifying that the error detection logic is operating in the first mode. 17. An apparatus, comprising:
an array of memory cells, each memory cell comprising a capacitive storage element; an interface couplable with a host device via a channel; a controller configured to receive a write command from the host device via the interface and to write data to the array of memory cells; and error detection logic coupled with the interface and the array of memory cells and configured to generate a first set of parity bits and a second set of parity bits, each parity bit of the first set corresponding to parity information for a respective first subset of the data and each parity bit of the second set corresponding to parity information for a respective second subset of the data, wherein each of the respective first subsets overlap with at least one of the respective second subsets for at least one bit of the data, wherein the array of memory cells are further configured to store the data, the first set of parity bits, and the second set of parity bits. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the respective first subsets are associated with a first dimension of a matrix of the data and the respective second subsets are associated with a second dimension of the matrix of the data. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the first dimension of the matrix of the data corresponds to a width of the channel, and the second dimension corresponds to a burst length associated with the write command. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the error detection logic is further configured to generate a third set of parity bits, the second set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a first portion of the data and the third set of parity bits corresponds to parity information for the second dimension for a second portion of the data that is different than the first portion of the data, and the array of memory cells is configured to store, based at least in part on the write command, the third set of parity bits. | 1,700 |
344,361 | 16,803,863 | 1,761 | According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile memory device includes a first wiring extending in a first direction, a second wiring extending in a second direction, a third wiring extending in the second direction and spaced from the second wiring in the first direction. An insulating layer includes a first portion between the second wiring and the third wiring, and a second portion protruding from the first portion in a third direction. A chalcogenide layer is between the first wiring and the second wiring, the first wiring and the third wiring, and also the first wiring and the insulating layer. The chalcogenide layer includes a first layer portion, a second layer portion, and a third layer portion. A concentration of a first element in the third layer portion is higher than that in the first and second layer portions. | 1. A nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
a first wiring extending in a first direction; a second wiring extending in a second direction that intersects with the first direction; a third wiring extending in the second direction and spaced from the second wiring in the first direction; an insulating layer including a first portion between the second wiring and the third wiring in the first direction and a second portion protruding from the first portion in a third direction beyond ends of the second and third wirings in the third direction, the third direction intersecting with the first and second directions; and a chalcogenide layer between the first wiring and the second wiring, between first wiring and the third wiring, and between the first wiring and insulating layer, wherein the chalcogenide layer includes a first layer portion between the first wiring and the second wiring, a second layer portion between the first wiring and the third wiring, and a third layer portion between the first wiring and the insulating layer, concentration of a first element in the third layer portion being higher than a concentration of the first element in the first layer portion and a concentration of the first element in the second layer portion. 2. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the third layer portion is on the second layer portion, the portion of the third layer portion being between the first wiring and the second layer portion in the third direction. 3. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the chalcogenide layer is a conformal layer, a portion of the third layer portion directly contacts the second layer portion, and the portion of the third layer portion is between the first wiring and the second layer portion in the third direction. 4. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third layer portion has a higher electrical resistivity than that of each of the first layer portion and the second layer portion. 5. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third layer portion is an electrical insulator. 6. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the first wiring extends in the third direction past an interface position between the first layer portion and the third layer portion. 7. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer is a conformal layer. 8. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer between the chalcogenide layer and the second wiring and between the chalcogenide layer and the third wiring. 9. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second insulating layer including a first insulating portion directly above the second wiring in the first direction and a second insulating portion protruding from the first insulating portion in the third direction beyond the end of the second wiring in the third direction, wherein a portion of the third layer portion extends in the third direction to be between the second portion of the insulating layer and the second insulating portion of the second insulating layer in first direction. 10. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer comprises at least one first element selected from a group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te). 11. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first element is an element selected from a group consisting of argon (Ar), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), germanium (Ge), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). 12. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer contains a second element that is electrically conductive. 13. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 12, wherein the second element is an element selected from a group consisting of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W). 14. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 12, wherein,
in the first layer portion of the chalcogenide layer, a concentration of the second element is higher at a first position near a boundary between the first layer portion and the second wiring than at a second position farther from the boundary than the first position in the third direction, and in the second layer portion of the chalcogenide layer, a concentration of the second element is higher at a third position near a boundary between the second layer portion and the third wiring than at a fourth position farther from the boundary than the third position in the third direction. 15. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer at a boundary between the first layer portion and the second wiring; and another oxide layer at a boundary between the second layer portion and the third wiring. 16. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second layer portions is in a first resistance state or in a second resistance state having a higher resistance than that of the first resistance state. 17. A nonvolatile memory array, comprising:
a bit line extending in a first direction; a first word line extending in a second direction interesting the first direction; a second word line extending in the second direction, the second word line being above the first word line in the first direction; an insulator film between the first and second word lines in the first direction, the insulator film including a first portion directly between and contacting the first and second word lines and a second portion extending in a third direction from the first portion beyond ends of the first and second word lines, the third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; a memory film having a first film portion between the bit line and the first word line, a second film portion between the bit line and the second word line, and a third film portion between the bit line and the insulator film, wherein the first film portion and the second film portion have a same dopant concentration level, and the third film portion has a dopant concentration level higher than the first and second film portions. 18. The nonvolatile memory array according claim 17, wherein
the memory film is a chalcogenide material, and the dopant is an element selected from a group consisting of argon (Ar), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), germanium (Ge), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). 19. The nonvolatile memory array according to claim 17, wherein the memory film is a conformal film. 20. The nonvolatile memory array according to claim 19, wherein
a portion of the third film portion directly contacts the second film portion, and the portion of the third film portion is between the bit line and the second film portion in the third direction. | According to one embodiment, a nonvolatile memory device includes a first wiring extending in a first direction, a second wiring extending in a second direction, a third wiring extending in the second direction and spaced from the second wiring in the first direction. An insulating layer includes a first portion between the second wiring and the third wiring, and a second portion protruding from the first portion in a third direction. A chalcogenide layer is between the first wiring and the second wiring, the first wiring and the third wiring, and also the first wiring and the insulating layer. The chalcogenide layer includes a first layer portion, a second layer portion, and a third layer portion. A concentration of a first element in the third layer portion is higher than that in the first and second layer portions.1. A nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
a first wiring extending in a first direction; a second wiring extending in a second direction that intersects with the first direction; a third wiring extending in the second direction and spaced from the second wiring in the first direction; an insulating layer including a first portion between the second wiring and the third wiring in the first direction and a second portion protruding from the first portion in a third direction beyond ends of the second and third wirings in the third direction, the third direction intersecting with the first and second directions; and a chalcogenide layer between the first wiring and the second wiring, between first wiring and the third wiring, and between the first wiring and insulating layer, wherein the chalcogenide layer includes a first layer portion between the first wiring and the second wiring, a second layer portion between the first wiring and the third wiring, and a third layer portion between the first wiring and the insulating layer, concentration of a first element in the third layer portion being higher than a concentration of the first element in the first layer portion and a concentration of the first element in the second layer portion. 2. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the third layer portion is on the second layer portion, the portion of the third layer portion being between the first wiring and the second layer portion in the third direction. 3. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the chalcogenide layer is a conformal layer, a portion of the third layer portion directly contacts the second layer portion, and the portion of the third layer portion is between the first wiring and the second layer portion in the third direction. 4. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third layer portion has a higher electrical resistivity than that of each of the first layer portion and the second layer portion. 5. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the third layer portion is an electrical insulator. 6. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the first wiring extends in the third direction past an interface position between the first layer portion and the third layer portion. 7. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer is a conformal layer. 8. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer between the chalcogenide layer and the second wiring and between the chalcogenide layer and the third wiring. 9. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second insulating layer including a first insulating portion directly above the second wiring in the first direction and a second insulating portion protruding from the first insulating portion in the third direction beyond the end of the second wiring in the third direction, wherein a portion of the third layer portion extends in the third direction to be between the second portion of the insulating layer and the second insulating portion of the second insulating layer in first direction. 10. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer comprises at least one first element selected from a group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te). 11. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first element is an element selected from a group consisting of argon (Ar), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), germanium (Ge), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). 12. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein the chalcogenide layer contains a second element that is electrically conductive. 13. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 12, wherein the second element is an element selected from a group consisting of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W). 14. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 12, wherein,
in the first layer portion of the chalcogenide layer, a concentration of the second element is higher at a first position near a boundary between the first layer portion and the second wiring than at a second position farther from the boundary than the first position in the third direction, and in the second layer portion of the chalcogenide layer, a concentration of the second element is higher at a third position near a boundary between the second layer portion and the third wiring than at a fourth position farther from the boundary than the third position in the third direction. 15. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an oxide layer at a boundary between the first layer portion and the second wiring; and another oxide layer at a boundary between the second layer portion and the third wiring. 16. The nonvolatile memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second layer portions is in a first resistance state or in a second resistance state having a higher resistance than that of the first resistance state. 17. A nonvolatile memory array, comprising:
a bit line extending in a first direction; a first word line extending in a second direction interesting the first direction; a second word line extending in the second direction, the second word line being above the first word line in the first direction; an insulator film between the first and second word lines in the first direction, the insulator film including a first portion directly between and contacting the first and second word lines and a second portion extending in a third direction from the first portion beyond ends of the first and second word lines, the third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions; a memory film having a first film portion between the bit line and the first word line, a second film portion between the bit line and the second word line, and a third film portion between the bit line and the insulator film, wherein the first film portion and the second film portion have a same dopant concentration level, and the third film portion has a dopant concentration level higher than the first and second film portions. 18. The nonvolatile memory array according claim 17, wherein
the memory film is a chalcogenide material, and the dopant is an element selected from a group consisting of argon (Ar), arsenic (As), phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), germanium (Ge), fluorine (F), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). 19. The nonvolatile memory array according to claim 17, wherein the memory film is a conformal film. 20. The nonvolatile memory array according to claim 19, wherein
a portion of the third film portion directly contacts the second film portion, and the portion of the third film portion is between the bit line and the second film portion in the third direction. | 1,700 |
344,362 | 16,803,771 | 1,761 | Features for a vapor compression system configured to cool and/or cat (i.e. thermally condition) two or more distinct climate controlled vehicle interior components via a common thermal bus are disclosed. Some embodiments employ a single compressor. Some embodiments employ multiple compressors and/or thermal buses, each servicing components located within respective interior thermal zones of a vehicle, for example a front row seat zone, second and/or third row seat zones, and/or an overhead zone and/or a trunk zone. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A thermal conditioning system for providing heating and cooling to multiple thermal regions of a vehicle, the system comprising:
a fluid circuit configured to circulate a first working fluid in the fluid circuit; a thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the thermal energy source configured to selectively heat and cool the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the thermal energy source is separate from a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle; a first conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the first conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a first heat transfer device in thermal communication with the first conduit; a first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the first thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the second conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit; a second heat transfer device in thermal communication with the second conduit; a second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the second thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the seat and heats or cools the seat via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 27. The system of claim 24, further comprising a third conduit in thermal communication with the first heat transfer device and the first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the first conduit and the third conduit. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the first thermal region comprises a fan configured to convey air in the third conduit, wherein the air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the first thermal region comprises an open loop air system. 31. The system of claim 24, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the second thermal region comprises a fan and a vent that are configured to blow conditioned air towards the occupant area. 33. The system of claim 24, wherein the second thermal region comprises a closed loop air system. 34. The system of claim 24, further comprising a fourth conduit in thermal communication with the second heat transfer device and the second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the second conduit and the fourth conduit. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the second thermal region comprises a fan configured to convey air in the fourth conduit, wherein the air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle. 37. The system of claim 36, further comprising a vent, wherein the fan and vent are configured to blow the air towards the occupant area. 38. The system of claim 24, wherein a portion of the fluid circuit is in thermal communication with an evaporator of the thermal energy source and another portion of the line is in thermal communication with a condenser of the thermal energy source. 39. The system of claim 38, further comprising a valve configured to control which portion of the fluid circuit receives the working fluid. 40. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a first flow control device configured to regulate flow of the first working fluid through the first conduit; and a second flow control device configured to regulate flow of the first working fluid through the second conduit. 41. The system of claim 24, wherein the first working fluid is a liquid. 42. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a pump configured to circulate the first working fluid through the fluid circuit; and a flow sensor coupled with the fluid circuit and configured to detect a flow of the first working fluid pumped through the fluid circuit. 43. The system of claim 24, further comprising a first temperature sensor in the first thermal region and a second thermal sensor in the second thermal region, wherein the thermal energy source is configured to be adjusted based on one or more temperatures detected by the first or second sensor. 44. The system of claim 24, further comprising a control system configured to adjust an output of heating or cooling provided to the first or second thermal region. 45. The system of claim 24, further comprising a second heat source separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle and configured to heat the first working fluid. 46. The system of claim 24, further comprising an other thermal energy source separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle and in selective thermal communication with the first thermal region. 47. The system of claim 46, wherein the other thermal energy source is in selective thermal communication with the first thermal region via the fluid circuit. 48. The system of claim 46, wherein the other thermal energy source is configured to heat the first thermal region via heating the at least some of the first working fluid conveyed in the first conduit. 49. A thermal conditioning system for providing heating and cooling to multiple thermal regions of a vehicle, the system comprising:
a fluid circuit configured to circulate a first working fluid in the fluid circuit; a first thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the first thermal energy source configured to selectively heat the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the first thermal energy source is separate from a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle; a second thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the second thermal energy source configured to selectively cool the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the second thermal energy source is separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle; a first conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the first conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a first heat transfer device in thermal communication with the first conduit; a first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the first thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the second conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit; a second heat transfer device in thermal communication with the second conduit; a second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the second thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the seat and heats or cools the seat via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit. 51. The system of claim 50, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 52. The system of claim 49, further comprising:
a third conduit in thermal communication with the first heat transfer device and the first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the first conduit and the third conduit, wherein the first thermal region comprises a first fan configured to convey first air in the third conduit, wherein the first air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device, and wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat. 53. The system of claim 52, further comprising:
a fourth conduit in thermal communication with the second heat transfer device and the second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the second conduit and the fourth conduit, wherein the second thermal region comprises a second fan configured to convey second air in the fourth conduit, wherein the second air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device, and wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle; and a vent, wherein the second fan and vent are configured to blow the second air towards the occupant area. | Features for a vapor compression system configured to cool and/or cat (i.e. thermally condition) two or more distinct climate controlled vehicle interior components via a common thermal bus are disclosed. Some embodiments employ a single compressor. Some embodiments employ multiple compressors and/or thermal buses, each servicing components located within respective interior thermal zones of a vehicle, for example a front row seat zone, second and/or third row seat zones, and/or an overhead zone and/or a trunk zone.1-23. (canceled) 24. A thermal conditioning system for providing heating and cooling to multiple thermal regions of a vehicle, the system comprising:
a fluid circuit configured to circulate a first working fluid in the fluid circuit; a thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the thermal energy source configured to selectively heat and cool the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the thermal energy source is separate from a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle; a first conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the first conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a first heat transfer device in thermal communication with the first conduit; a first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the first thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the second conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit; a second heat transfer device in thermal communication with the second conduit; a second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the second thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the seat and heats or cools the seat via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 27. The system of claim 24, further comprising a third conduit in thermal communication with the first heat transfer device and the first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the first conduit and the third conduit. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the first thermal region comprises a fan configured to convey air in the third conduit, wherein the air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the first thermal region comprises an open loop air system. 31. The system of claim 24, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the second thermal region comprises a fan and a vent that are configured to blow conditioned air towards the occupant area. 33. The system of claim 24, wherein the second thermal region comprises a closed loop air system. 34. The system of claim 24, further comprising a fourth conduit in thermal communication with the second heat transfer device and the second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the second conduit and the fourth conduit. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the second thermal region comprises a fan configured to convey air in the fourth conduit, wherein the air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle. 37. The system of claim 36, further comprising a vent, wherein the fan and vent are configured to blow the air towards the occupant area. 38. The system of claim 24, wherein a portion of the fluid circuit is in thermal communication with an evaporator of the thermal energy source and another portion of the line is in thermal communication with a condenser of the thermal energy source. 39. The system of claim 38, further comprising a valve configured to control which portion of the fluid circuit receives the working fluid. 40. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a first flow control device configured to regulate flow of the first working fluid through the first conduit; and a second flow control device configured to regulate flow of the first working fluid through the second conduit. 41. The system of claim 24, wherein the first working fluid is a liquid. 42. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a pump configured to circulate the first working fluid through the fluid circuit; and a flow sensor coupled with the fluid circuit and configured to detect a flow of the first working fluid pumped through the fluid circuit. 43. The system of claim 24, further comprising a first temperature sensor in the first thermal region and a second thermal sensor in the second thermal region, wherein the thermal energy source is configured to be adjusted based on one or more temperatures detected by the first or second sensor. 44. The system of claim 24, further comprising a control system configured to adjust an output of heating or cooling provided to the first or second thermal region. 45. The system of claim 24, further comprising a second heat source separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle and configured to heat the first working fluid. 46. The system of claim 24, further comprising an other thermal energy source separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle and in selective thermal communication with the first thermal region. 47. The system of claim 46, wherein the other thermal energy source is in selective thermal communication with the first thermal region via the fluid circuit. 48. The system of claim 46, wherein the other thermal energy source is configured to heat the first thermal region via heating the at least some of the first working fluid conveyed in the first conduit. 49. A thermal conditioning system for providing heating and cooling to multiple thermal regions of a vehicle, the system comprising:
a fluid circuit configured to circulate a first working fluid in the fluid circuit; a first thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the first thermal energy source configured to selectively heat the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the first thermal energy source is separate from a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the vehicle; a second thermal energy source in thermal communication with the fluid circuit, the second thermal energy source configured to selectively cool the first working fluid in the fluid circuit, wherein the second thermal energy source is separate from the HVAC system of the vehicle; a first conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the first conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a first heat transfer device in thermal communication with the first conduit; a first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the first thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with the fluid circuit, the second conduit configured to convey at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit; a second heat transfer device in thermal communication with the second conduit; a second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the first thermal region and heats or cools the second thermal region via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat, wherein the first heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the seat and heats or cools the seat via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the first conduit. 51. The system of claim 50, wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle, wherein the second heat transfer device is in thermal communication with the occupant area and heats or cools the occupant area via thermal energy transferred from or to the at least some of the first working fluid in the second conduit. 52. The system of claim 49, further comprising:
a third conduit in thermal communication with the first heat transfer device and the first thermal region, wherein the first heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the first conduit and the third conduit, wherein the first thermal region comprises a first fan configured to convey first air in the third conduit, wherein the first air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device, and wherein the first thermal region comprises a seat. 53. The system of claim 52, further comprising:
a fourth conduit in thermal communication with the second heat transfer device and the second thermal region, wherein the second heat transfer device transfers thermal energy between the second conduit and the fourth conduit, wherein the second thermal region comprises a second fan configured to convey second air in the fourth conduit, wherein the second air is heated or cooled via thermal energy transferred from or to the first working fluid in the second conduit by the second heat transfer device, and wherein the second thermal region comprises an occupant area of the vehicle; and a vent, wherein the second fan and vent are configured to blow the second air towards the occupant area. | 1,700 |
344,363 | 16,803,824 | 1,629 | The present disclosure relates to a method of preventing and/or treating liver disease comprising administering an ACC inhibitor in combination with an FXR agonist to a patient in need thereof. | 1.-2. (canceled) 3. A method of treating a liver disease in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (II): 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (II) and the compound of Formula (III) are administered together. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (II) and the compound of Formula (III) are administered separately. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the liver disease is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 8.-9. (canceled) 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (II): 11. (canceled) | The present disclosure relates to a method of preventing and/or treating liver disease comprising administering an ACC inhibitor in combination with an FXR agonist to a patient in need thereof.1.-2. (canceled) 3. A method of treating a liver disease in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (II): 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (II) and the compound of Formula (III) are administered together. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound of Formula (II) and the compound of Formula (III) are administered separately. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the liver disease is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 8.-9. (canceled) 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (II): 11. (canceled) | 1,600 |
344,364 | 16,803,855 | 1,629 | A buffer logic unit of a packet processing device including a power gate controller. The buffer logic unit for organizing and/or allocating available pages to packets for storing the packet data based on which of a plurality of separately accessible physical memories that pages are associated with. As a result, the power gate controller is able to more efficiently cut off power from one or more of the physical memories. | 1. A packet processing system comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of one or more of the physical memory units; a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages; and a buffer memory logic coupled with the buffer memory, wherein for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored, the buffer memory logic is configured to:
allocate a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data;
identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and
identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 9. (canceled) 10. A packet processing system comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool; a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages of the associated pool; and a buffer memory logic coupled with the buffer memory. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units are becoming unallocated. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 18. A buffer logic unit stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, and a buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages and for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored, the buffer memory logic is configured to:
allocate a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data; identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 19. The buffer logic unit of claim 18, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 20. The buffer logic unit of claim 19, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 21. The buffer logic unit of claim 20, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 22. The buffer logic unit of claim 21, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 23. The buffer logic unit of claim 22, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 24. The buffer logic unit of claim 23, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 25. The buffer logic unit of claim 24, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 26. (canceled) 27. A buffer logic unit stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, and a buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages of the associated pool, the buffer logic unit coupled with the buffer memory. 28. The buffer logic unit of claim 27, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 29. The buffer logic unit of claim 28, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 30. The buffer logic unit of claim 29, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer which is paired with the page state table of that entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 31. The buffer logic unit of claim 30, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 32. The buffer logic unit of claim 31, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 33. The buffer logic unit of claim 32, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 34. The buffer logic unit of claim 33, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 35. A method of reducing static power consumption within a packet processing system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of the physical memory units, a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages, and a buffer logic coupled with the buffer memory, the method comprising:
for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored:
allocating a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data with the buffer logic unit;
identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and
identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 38. The method of claim 37, further comprising cutting power to one or more of the physical memory units with a power gate controller in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated, wherein the power gate controller is coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, the method further comprising cutting power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units with the power gate controller in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 43. (canceled) 44. A method of reducing static power consumption within a packet processing system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 46. The method of claim 45, further comprising cutting power to one or more of the physical memory units with a power gate controller in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated, wherein the power gate controller is coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 52. The system of claim 1, wherein the buffer memory logic allocates the page of the plurality of pages that was last added within the one of the page buffers such that the allocated page of the plurality of pages is the page within the one of the page buffers that has been in the one of the page buffers for the shortest amount of time out of all of the pages currently within the one of the page buffers. | A buffer logic unit of a packet processing device including a power gate controller. The buffer logic unit for organizing and/or allocating available pages to packets for storing the packet data based on which of a plurality of separately accessible physical memories that pages are associated with. As a result, the power gate controller is able to more efficiently cut off power from one or more of the physical memories.1. A packet processing system comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of one or more of the physical memory units; a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages; and a buffer memory logic coupled with the buffer memory, wherein for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored, the buffer memory logic is configured to:
allocate a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data;
identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and
identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 9. (canceled) 10. A packet processing system comprising:
a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool; a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages of the associated pool; and a buffer memory logic coupled with the buffer memory. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units are becoming unallocated. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 18. A buffer logic unit stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, and a buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages and for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored, the buffer memory logic is configured to:
allocate a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data; identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 19. The buffer logic unit of claim 18, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 20. The buffer logic unit of claim 19, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 21. The buffer logic unit of claim 20, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 22. The buffer logic unit of claim 21, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 23. The buffer logic unit of claim 22, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 24. The buffer logic unit of claim 23, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 25. The buffer logic unit of claim 24, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 26. (canceled) 27. A buffer logic unit stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the non-transitory computer-readable comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, and a buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages of the associated pool, the buffer logic unit coupled with the buffer memory. 28. The buffer logic unit of claim 27, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 29. The buffer logic unit of claim 28, further comprising a power gate controller coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units, wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the physical memory units in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated. 30. The buffer logic unit of claim 29, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer which is paired with the page state table of that entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 31. The buffer logic unit of claim 30, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 32. The buffer logic unit of claim 31, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 33. The buffer logic unit of claim 32, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 34. The buffer logic unit of claim 33, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 35. A method of reducing static power consumption within a packet processing system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages is associated with a separate portion of the physical memory units, a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising one or more page buffers, wherein each of the page buffers is filled with one or more of the pages, and a buffer logic coupled with the buffer memory, the method comprising:
for each portion of packet data that needs to be stored:
allocating a page of the plurality of pages that was last added within one of the page buffers to store the portion of the packet data with the buffer logic unit;
identify the allocated page as in use while the portion of the packet data is stored on the portion of the physical memory units associated with the allocated page; and
identify the allocated page as available when the portion of the packet data is no longer stored on the physical memory units associated with the allocated page. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the buffer memory logic initially fills each of the page buffers with the pages such that the pages are grouped according to the portion of the plurality of the physical memory units associated with the pages. 38. The method of claim 37, further comprising cutting power to one or more of the physical memory units with a power gate controller in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated, wherein the power gate controller is coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the pages that are associated with portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, the method further comprising cutting power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units with the power gate controller in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the buffer memory comprises a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 43. (canceled) 44. A method of reducing static power consumption within a packet processing system comprising a non-transitory computer-readable packet memory comprising a plurality of physical memory units logically divided into one or more pools, wherein each of the physical memory units of each of the one or more pools is ranked within a memory ranking with respect to each other of the physical memory units of the pool, wherein each of the pools is divided into a plurality of pages such that each of the pages define a separate portion of the physical memory units of the pool, a non-transitory computer-readable buffer memory comprising a separate page buffer for each of the pools. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein packet data of incoming packets is stored on the physical memory units at the separate portions of the memory units based on the pages. 46. The method of claim 45, further comprising cutting power to one or more of the physical memory units with a power gate controller in response to all of the pages defining the portions of the one or more of the physical memory units becoming unallocated, wherein the power gate controller is coupled with the buffer memory and each of the physical memory units. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein:
the buffer memory comprises a separate page state table for each of the page buffers such that each of the page state tables is paired with a different one of the page buffers and for each of the pair; each entry of each of the page state tables is associated with a different page of the pages of the page buffer that is paired with the page state table of the entry; and page state data of each of the allocated pages is stored in the entry associated with the page until the allocated page is no longer allocated. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the pages that define portions of the same physical memory unit form a set, wherein the entries that are associated with those pages form a group, wherein each of the groups of entries of each of the page state tables are stored on separate clusters of one or more additional physical memory units of the buffer memory, and further wherein the power gate controller is configured to cut power to one or more of the clusters of the additional physical memory units in response to the sets of pages associated with the groups of the entries stored on the one or more of the clusters becoming unallocated. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the buffer memory comprising a counter for each of the sets of pages, wherein the counter indicates a number of the pages of the set that are currently allocated. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the page state data comprises one or more of a pointer to a next page used to store a packet, a start of a packet indicator, an end of the packet indicator, a byte count, errors incurred and a number of references. 51. The method of claim 50, wherein each of the pools comprise a plurality of memory banks. 52. The system of claim 1, wherein the buffer memory logic allocates the page of the plurality of pages that was last added within the one of the page buffers such that the allocated page of the plurality of pages is the page within the one of the page buffers that has been in the one of the page buffers for the shortest amount of time out of all of the pages currently within the one of the page buffers. | 1,600 |
344,365 | 16,803,843 | 3,792 | A method of treating a patient comprises the steps of generating a first series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 5 kHz, a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts, and a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%; generating a second series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 5 kHz to about 50 kHz, a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts, and a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%; modulating the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses into a combined waveform of pulses; and delivering the combined waveform of pulses to the skin of said patient via an electrical circuit to thereby treat the patient. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. An electrical stimulation apparatus comprising:
a pulse generator circuit portion for generating a first series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 5 kHz and a voltage range from above 0 (zero) volts to 100 (one hundred) volts, and for generating a second series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 5 kHz to about 50 kHz and a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts; a modulator circuit portion for modulating the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses into a combined waveform of pulses; a gain adjust circuit portion for receiving the combined waveform of pulses and permitting the selective adjustment of the amplitude of the combined waveform of pulses; a control circuit portion for controlling the gain adjust circuit portion and for controlling the frequency of the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses; an amplifier circuit portion for amplifying the combined waveform of pulses received from the gain adjust circuit portion, and having an output circuit portion comprising a plurality of output channels; a load engaging portion comprising a plurality of electrodes each connected in signal receiving relation to one of said output channels, for receiving the combined waveform of pulses from the amplifier circuit portion and delivering the combined waveform of pulses to a load; a feedback signal generating portion comprising a plurality of resistors of known impedance, with said resistors each disposed between one of said output channels and the corresponding electrode, for generating feedback signals from the output circuit portion of the amplifier circuit portion; and, a feedback circuit portion comprising a plurality of amplifiers, with an input of each amplifier operatively connected across a respective one of said resistors for receiving feedback signals from the respective resistor so as to sense the voltage drop across that respective resistor, to thereby provide feedback to preclude output current from the output circuit portion from going above a maximum current. 22. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said first series of pulses has a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%, and said second series of pulses has a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%. 23. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said feedback circuit portion further comprises a feedback loop current circuit that receives the feedback signals from the feedback signal generating portion. 24. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 23, wherein outputs of said amplifiers are connected to a common input of the feedback loop current circuit. 25. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said load engaging portion receives the combined waveform of pulses from the amplifier circuit portion and delivers the combined waveform of pulses to a load without passing the combined waveform of pulses through a transformer. 26. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said pulse generator circuit portion comprises a microprocessor and related software. 27. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said modulator circuit portion comprises a signal mixer. 28. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said gain adjust circuit portion comprises a compander/expander circuit. 29. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said compander/expander circuit comprises a linear gain compander/expander circuit. 30. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said control circuit portion for controlling the gain adjust circuit portion and for controlling the frequency of the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses comprises a microprocessor and related software. 31. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said amplifier circuit portion comprises a DC-coupled amplifier circuit portion. 32. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said load engaging portion comprises a plurality of electrode pads. 33. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the frequency of the second series of pulses is an integer multiple of the frequency of the first series of pulses. | A method of treating a patient comprises the steps of generating a first series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 5 kHz, a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts, and a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%; generating a second series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 5 kHz to about 50 kHz, a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts, and a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%; modulating the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses into a combined waveform of pulses; and delivering the combined waveform of pulses to the skin of said patient via an electrical circuit to thereby treat the patient.1.-20. (canceled) 21. An electrical stimulation apparatus comprising:
a pulse generator circuit portion for generating a first series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 1 Hz to about 5 kHz and a voltage range from above 0 (zero) volts to 100 (one hundred) volts, and for generating a second series of pulses having a frequency in a range from about 5 kHz to about 50 kHz and a voltage range from about 0 (zero) volts to about 100 (one hundred) volts; a modulator circuit portion for modulating the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses into a combined waveform of pulses; a gain adjust circuit portion for receiving the combined waveform of pulses and permitting the selective adjustment of the amplitude of the combined waveform of pulses; a control circuit portion for controlling the gain adjust circuit portion and for controlling the frequency of the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses; an amplifier circuit portion for amplifying the combined waveform of pulses received from the gain adjust circuit portion, and having an output circuit portion comprising a plurality of output channels; a load engaging portion comprising a plurality of electrodes each connected in signal receiving relation to one of said output channels, for receiving the combined waveform of pulses from the amplifier circuit portion and delivering the combined waveform of pulses to a load; a feedback signal generating portion comprising a plurality of resistors of known impedance, with said resistors each disposed between one of said output channels and the corresponding electrode, for generating feedback signals from the output circuit portion of the amplifier circuit portion; and, a feedback circuit portion comprising a plurality of amplifiers, with an input of each amplifier operatively connected across a respective one of said resistors for receiving feedback signals from the respective resistor so as to sense the voltage drop across that respective resistor, to thereby provide feedback to preclude output current from the output circuit portion from going above a maximum current. 22. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said first series of pulses has a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%, and said second series of pulses has a duty cycle of about 1% to about 90%. 23. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said feedback circuit portion further comprises a feedback loop current circuit that receives the feedback signals from the feedback signal generating portion. 24. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 23, wherein outputs of said amplifiers are connected to a common input of the feedback loop current circuit. 25. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said load engaging portion receives the combined waveform of pulses from the amplifier circuit portion and delivers the combined waveform of pulses to a load without passing the combined waveform of pulses through a transformer. 26. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said pulse generator circuit portion comprises a microprocessor and related software. 27. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said modulator circuit portion comprises a signal mixer. 28. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said gain adjust circuit portion comprises a compander/expander circuit. 29. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 28, wherein said compander/expander circuit comprises a linear gain compander/expander circuit. 30. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said control circuit portion for controlling the gain adjust circuit portion and for controlling the frequency of the first series of pulses and the second series of pulses comprises a microprocessor and related software. 31. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said amplifier circuit portion comprises a DC-coupled amplifier circuit portion. 32. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said load engaging portion comprises a plurality of electrode pads. 33. The electrical stimulation apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the frequency of the second series of pulses is an integer multiple of the frequency of the first series of pulses. | 3,700 |
344,366 | 16,803,866 | 3,792 | Unikernel provisioning is disclosed. A binary is received. The received binary is converted into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a binary; and
convert the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received binary to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the received binary and the portions of the operating system required to execute the received binary. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the received binary comprises a dynamically linked binary, wherein the processor is further configured to include a dynamic linker in the generated disk image, and wherein the dynamic linker is configured to dynamically link the received binary at runtime. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive bytecode to be executed by an interpreter, wherein the received binary comprises the interpreter for executing the received bytecode; and include the interpreter and the received bytecode in the generated disk image. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the generated disk image comprises a loader for loading the interpreter and portions of an operating system required to execute the interpreter. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the received bytecode and the interpreter are concatenated to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the interpreter and the portions of the operating system required to execute the interpreter. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the disk image further includes code, which when executed at runtime, causes a path of the received bytecode to be provided as an argument to the interpreter. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the received bytecode comprises .NET bytecode, and wherein the interpreter comprises a .NET interpreter. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a binary; and converting the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received binary to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the received binary and the portions of the operating system required to execute the received binary. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the received binary comprises a dynamically linked binary, and further comprising including a dynamic linker in the generated disk image, and wherein the dynamic linker is configured to dynamically link the received binary at runtime. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving bytecode to be executed by an interpreter, wherein the received binary comprises the interpreter for executing the received bytecode; and including the interpreter and the received bytecode in the generated disk image. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the generated disk image comprises a loader for loading the interpreter and portions of an operating system required to execute the interpreter. 14. ‘The method of claim 13, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received bytecode and the interpreter to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the interpreter and the portions of the operating system required to execute the interpreter. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the disk image further includes code, which when executed at runtime, causes a path of the received bytecode to be provided as an argument to the interpreter. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the received bytecode comprises .NET bytecode, and wherein the interpreter comprises a .NET interpreter. 17. A computer program product embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a binary; and converting the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary. | Unikernel provisioning is disclosed. A binary is received. The received binary is converted into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary.1. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive a binary; and
convert the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received binary to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the received binary and the portions of the operating system required to execute the received binary. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the received binary comprises a dynamically linked binary, wherein the processor is further configured to include a dynamic linker in the generated disk image, and wherein the dynamic linker is configured to dynamically link the received binary at runtime. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive bytecode to be executed by an interpreter, wherein the received binary comprises the interpreter for executing the received bytecode; and include the interpreter and the received bytecode in the generated disk image. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the generated disk image comprises a loader for loading the interpreter and portions of an operating system required to execute the interpreter. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the received bytecode and the interpreter are concatenated to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the interpreter and the portions of the operating system required to execute the interpreter. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the disk image further includes code, which when executed at runtime, causes a path of the received bytecode to be provided as an argument to the interpreter. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the received bytecode comprises .NET bytecode, and wherein the interpreter comprises a .NET interpreter. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving a binary; and converting the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received binary to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the received binary and the portions of the operating system required to execute the received binary. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the received binary comprises a dynamically linked binary, and further comprising including a dynamic linker in the generated disk image, and wherein the dynamic linker is configured to dynamically link the received binary at runtime. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving bytecode to be executed by an interpreter, wherein the received binary comprises the interpreter for executing the received bytecode; and including the interpreter and the received bytecode in the generated disk image. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the generated disk image comprises a loader for loading the interpreter and portions of an operating system required to execute the interpreter. 14. ‘The method of claim 13, wherein generating the disk image comprises concatenating the received bytecode and the interpreter to a portion of the disk image comprising the loader for loading the interpreter and the portions of the operating system required to execute the interpreter. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the disk image further includes code, which when executed at runtime, causes a path of the received bytecode to be provided as an argument to the interpreter. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the received bytecode comprises .NET bytecode, and wherein the interpreter comprises a .NET interpreter. 17. A computer program product embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a binary; and converting the received binary into a unikernel that is deployable on a virtual machine at least in part by generating a disk image comprising the received binary, a loader for loading the received binary, and portions of an operating system required to execute the received binary. | 3,700 |
344,367 | 16,803,854 | 3,792 | An example embodiment performed by a proxy server application of a remote network management platform may involve receiving a message from a third-party application directed to an address of the proxy server application and containing an identifier related to a particular entity. The embodiment may also involve using a template associated with a protocol type of the message to parse the message and determine the identifier. The embodiment may also involve comparing the identifier to mapping data that defines pairwise associations between each of a plurality of identifiers and computational instances of a plurality of computational instances. Each such computational instance may be communicatively coupled and dedicated to a respective managed network controlled by a particular entity. The embodiment may also involve using the comparison as a basis for selecting a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances, and then transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, accessible by the processor, the memory storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances;
determining a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message;
parsing the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type;
comparing the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and
transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein parsing the message comprises parsing the message to find a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) object, and wherein the JSON object comprises the identifier. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein parsing the message comprises parsing the message to find an Extensible Markup Language (XML) tag, and wherein the identifier is content associated with the XML tag. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the plurality of computational instances are hosted by a single remote network management platform. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the template defines a location of the identifier within the message. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise receiving an additional message from the particular computational instance, wherein the additional message comprises a verification token. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the operations comprise:
verifying authenticity of the additional message based on the verification token; replacing the verification token in the additional message with an access token associated with an additional computing device executing the software application; and transmitting the additional message to the additional computing device. 28. A method, comprising:
receiving, via a server device, a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances; determining, via the server device, a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message; parsing, via the server device, the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type; comparing, via the server device, the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and transmitting, via the server device, the message to the particular computational instance. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
receiving the message from the software application executing on the computing device comprises receiving a plurality of messages from a plurality of software applications executing on a plurality of respective computing devices; determining the protocol type associated with the message comprises determining the protocol type associated with each message of the plurality of messages; parsing the message to determine the identifier based on the template associated with the protocol type comprises parsing each message of the plurality of messages to determine respective identifiers based on respective templates associated with the protocol type associated with each message; comparing the identifier to the mapping data to identify the particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message comprises comparing each identifier of the respective identifiers to the mapping data to identify respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances associated with the plurality of messages; and transmitting the message to the particular computational instance comprises transmitting each message of the plurality of messages to the respective computational instances. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein each software application of the plurality of software applications is configured with a single uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the server device. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the mapping data is stored in a database accessible by the server device in response to the software application being registered with one or more computational instances of the plurality of computational instances. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the mapping data is updated with an additional association between an additional identifier and an additional computational instance in response to the software application being registered with the additional computational instance. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the message comprises a URL associated with the software application. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the operations comprise replacing the URL associated with the software application with a URL associated with the server device. 35. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium, comprising instructions that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances; determining a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message; parsing the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type; comparing the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 36. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the mapping data is created and stored in a database in response to the software application being registered with one or more computational instances of the plurality of computational instances 37. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the protocol type is associated with a destination Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port number or a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number. 38. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the message comprises a verification token unique to the software application. 39. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the operations comprise replacing the verification token with an access token associated with the particular computational instance before transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 40. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the message is based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). | An example embodiment performed by a proxy server application of a remote network management platform may involve receiving a message from a third-party application directed to an address of the proxy server application and containing an identifier related to a particular entity. The embodiment may also involve using a template associated with a protocol type of the message to parse the message and determine the identifier. The embodiment may also involve comparing the identifier to mapping data that defines pairwise associations between each of a plurality of identifiers and computational instances of a plurality of computational instances. Each such computational instance may be communicatively coupled and dedicated to a respective managed network controlled by a particular entity. The embodiment may also involve using the comparison as a basis for selecting a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances, and then transmitting the message to the particular computational instance.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, accessible by the processor, the memory storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances;
determining a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message;
parsing the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type;
comparing the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and
transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein parsing the message comprises parsing the message to find a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) object, and wherein the JSON object comprises the identifier. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein parsing the message comprises parsing the message to find an Extensible Markup Language (XML) tag, and wherein the identifier is content associated with the XML tag. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the plurality of computational instances are hosted by a single remote network management platform. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the template defines a location of the identifier within the message. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise receiving an additional message from the particular computational instance, wherein the additional message comprises a verification token. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the operations comprise:
verifying authenticity of the additional message based on the verification token; replacing the verification token in the additional message with an access token associated with an additional computing device executing the software application; and transmitting the additional message to the additional computing device. 28. A method, comprising:
receiving, via a server device, a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances; determining, via the server device, a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message; parsing, via the server device, the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type; comparing, via the server device, the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and transmitting, via the server device, the message to the particular computational instance. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
receiving the message from the software application executing on the computing device comprises receiving a plurality of messages from a plurality of software applications executing on a plurality of respective computing devices; determining the protocol type associated with the message comprises determining the protocol type associated with each message of the plurality of messages; parsing the message to determine the identifier based on the template associated with the protocol type comprises parsing each message of the plurality of messages to determine respective identifiers based on respective templates associated with the protocol type associated with each message; comparing the identifier to the mapping data to identify the particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message comprises comparing each identifier of the respective identifiers to the mapping data to identify respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances associated with the plurality of messages; and transmitting the message to the particular computational instance comprises transmitting each message of the plurality of messages to the respective computational instances. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein each software application of the plurality of software applications is configured with a single uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the server device. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the mapping data is stored in a database accessible by the server device in response to the software application being registered with one or more computational instances of the plurality of computational instances. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the mapping data is updated with an additional association between an additional identifier and an additional computational instance in response to the software application being registered with the additional computational instance. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein the message comprises a URL associated with the software application. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the operations comprise replacing the URL associated with the software application with a URL associated with the server device. 35. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium, comprising instructions that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a message from a software application executing on a computing device disposed outside of a plurality of managed networks associated with a plurality of respective computational instances; determining a protocol type associated with the message in response to receiving the message; parsing the message to determine an identifier based on a template associated with the protocol type; comparing the identifier to mapping data to identify a particular computational instance of the plurality of computational instances associated with the message, wherein the mapping data defines a plurality of associations between respective identifiers and respective computational instances of the plurality of computational instances; and transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 36. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the mapping data is created and stored in a database in response to the software application being registered with one or more computational instances of the plurality of computational instances 37. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the protocol type is associated with a destination Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port number or a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number. 38. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the message comprises a verification token unique to the software application. 39. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the operations comprise replacing the verification token with an access token associated with the particular computational instance before transmitting the message to the particular computational instance. 40. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the message is based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). | 3,700 |
344,368 | 16,803,883 | 3,792 | A storage device includes a substrate, first wirings arranged in a first direction and extending in a second direction, second wirings arranged in the second direction and extending in the first direction, resistance portions between the first and second wirings, third wirings between the second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction and extending in a third direction, semiconductor portions each connected to second and third wirings, a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the semiconductor portions, insulating portions between the semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring, and a contact connected to each first wiring. The semiconductor portions include a first portion and a second portion closer to the contact, and a length in the second direction of an insulating portion between the first portion and the fourth wiring is greater than that of another insulating portion between the second portion and the fourth wiring. | 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring; and a first contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and a length in the second direction of one of the first insulating portions between the first semiconductor portion and the fourth wiring is greater than a length in the second direction of another one of the first insulating portions between the second semiconductor portion and the fourth wiring. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1,
wherein an area of a surface of the first semiconductor portion that faces said one of the first insulating portions is larger than an area of a surface of the second semiconductor portion that faces said another one of the first insulating portions. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction, a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of semiconductor portions comprise first and second groups of semiconductor portions arranged in the second direction, the second group of semiconductor portions are closer to the first contact than the first group of semiconductor portions, and a length in the second direction of one of the first insulating portions between each of the first group of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring is greater than a length in the second direction of another one of the first insulating portions between each of the second group of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring. 8. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring; and a first contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and a length of the first semiconductor portion in the third direction is smaller than a length of the second semiconductor portion in the third direction. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction; a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
a width in the third direction of the fourth wiring facing the first semiconductor portion is wider than a width in the third direction of the fourth wiring facing the second semiconductor portion. 14. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring, wherein the first insulating portions contain oxygen (O) and hafnium (Hf) and include a tetragonal crystal as a crystal structure. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a first contact electrically connected one end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and one of the first insulating portions facing the first semiconductor portion is positively polarized, and another one of the first insulating portions facing the second semiconductor portion is negatively polarized. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
said one of the first insulating portions has a different polarizability from said another one of the first insulating portions. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction, a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 20. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. | A storage device includes a substrate, first wirings arranged in a first direction and extending in a second direction, second wirings arranged in the second direction and extending in the first direction, resistance portions between the first and second wirings, third wirings between the second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction and extending in a third direction, semiconductor portions each connected to second and third wirings, a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the semiconductor portions, insulating portions between the semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring, and a contact connected to each first wiring. The semiconductor portions include a first portion and a second portion closer to the contact, and a length in the second direction of an insulating portion between the first portion and the fourth wiring is greater than that of another insulating portion between the second portion and the fourth wiring.1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring; and a first contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and a length in the second direction of one of the first insulating portions between the first semiconductor portion and the fourth wiring is greater than a length in the second direction of another one of the first insulating portions between the second semiconductor portion and the fourth wiring. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1,
wherein an area of a surface of the first semiconductor portion that faces said one of the first insulating portions is larger than an area of a surface of the second semiconductor portion that faces said another one of the first insulating portions. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction, a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. 7. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of semiconductor portions comprise first and second groups of semiconductor portions arranged in the second direction, the second group of semiconductor portions are closer to the first contact than the first group of semiconductor portions, and a length in the second direction of one of the first insulating portions between each of the first group of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring is greater than a length in the second direction of another one of the first insulating portions between each of the second group of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring. 8. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring; and a first contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and a length of the first semiconductor portion in the third direction is smaller than a length of the second semiconductor portion in the third direction. 9. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 10. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 11. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction; a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 12. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. 13. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 8, wherein
a width in the third direction of the fourth wiring facing the first semiconductor portion is wider than a width in the third direction of the fourth wiring facing the second semiconductor portion. 14. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of first wirings arranged above the substrate in a first direction intersecting a surface of the substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a plurality of second wirings arranged above the substrate in the second direction and extending in the first direction; a plurality of first variable resistance portions arranged between the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings; a plurality of third wirings provided between the plurality of second wirings and the substrate, arranged in the second direction, and extending in a third direction intersecting the first and second directions; a plurality of semiconductor portions each electrically connected to one end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of third wirings; a fourth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of first insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the fourth wiring, wherein the first insulating portions contain oxygen (O) and hafnium (Hf) and include a tetragonal crystal as a crystal structure. 15. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a first contact electrically connected one end of each of the plurality of first wirings in the second direction, wherein the plurality of semiconductor portions include a first semiconductor portion and a second semiconductor portion closer to the first contact than the first semiconductor portion, and one of the first insulating portions facing the first semiconductor portion is positively polarized, and another one of the first insulating portions facing the second semiconductor portion is negatively polarized. 16. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, wherein
said one of the first insulating portions has a different polarizability from said another one of the first insulating portions. 17. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of fifth wirings arranged in the first direction and extending in the second direction; a plurality of second variable resistance portions between the plurality of fifth wirings and the plurality of second wirings; and a second contact electrically connected to an end of each of the plurality of fifth wirings in the second direction and arranged opposite to the first contact. 18. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a sixth wiring extending in the second direction and facing the plurality of semiconductor portions in the third direction; a plurality of second insulating portions each provided between one of the plurality of semiconductor portions and the sixth wiring; and a voltage supply circuit capable of supplying different voltages to the fourth and sixth wirings. 19. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a plurality of seventh wirings arranged in the second direction above the plurality of second wirings and extending in the third direction, a plurality of other semiconductor portions each electrically connected to the other end of one of the plurality of second wirings in the first direction and one of the plurality of seventh wirings; an eighth wiring extending in the second direction and facing said other semiconductor portions in the third direction; and a plurality of third insulating portions each provided between one of said other semiconductor portions and the eighth wiring. 20. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of first insulating portions are connected to each other. | 3,700 |
344,369 | 16,803,867 | 3,792 | Methods and devices are disclosed, such as those involving memory cell devices with improved charge retention characteristics. In one or more embodiments, a memory cell is provided having an active area defined by sidewalls of neighboring trenches. A layer of dielectric material is blanket deposited over the memory cell, and etched to form spacers on sidewalls of the active area. Dielectric material is formed over the active area, a charge trapping structure is formed over the dielectric material over the active area, and a control gate is formed over the charge trapping structure. In some embodiments, the charge trapping structure includes nanodots. In some embodiments, the width of the spacers is between about 130% and about 170% of the thickness of the dielectric material separating the charge trapping material and an upper surface of the active area. | 1-31. (canceled) 32. A memory device, comprising:
first and second protrusions, wherein the first and second protrusions comprise a semiconductor material and are at least partially separated by a first dielectric material; charge trapping material separated from respective outer surfaces of the first and second protrusions by respective portions of a second dielectric material; a conductive material separated from the charge trapping material by a third dielectric material; a pair of opposing spacers, wherein a first spacer of the pair is adjacent the first protrusion of semiconductor material, wherein a second spacer of the pair is adjacent the second protrusion of semiconductor material, and wherein the first and second spacers each have an effective oxide thickness greater than an effective oxide thickness of the second dielectric material. 33. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first and second spacers each have an actual thickness greater than an actual thickness of the second dielectric material. 34. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first dielectric material comprises an oxide. 35. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first dielectric material is recessed relative to the outer surfaces of the first and second protrusions. 36. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the second dielectric material comprises silicon oxide. 37. The memory device of claim 32, wherein at least a portion of the second dielectric material is nitridized. 38. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the second dielectric material comprises a composite of silicon oxide and silicon nitride. 39. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first and second spacers comprise a dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material. 40. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the conductive material comprises silicon. 41. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the semiconductor material comprises silicon. | Methods and devices are disclosed, such as those involving memory cell devices with improved charge retention characteristics. In one or more embodiments, a memory cell is provided having an active area defined by sidewalls of neighboring trenches. A layer of dielectric material is blanket deposited over the memory cell, and etched to form spacers on sidewalls of the active area. Dielectric material is formed over the active area, a charge trapping structure is formed over the dielectric material over the active area, and a control gate is formed over the charge trapping structure. In some embodiments, the charge trapping structure includes nanodots. In some embodiments, the width of the spacers is between about 130% and about 170% of the thickness of the dielectric material separating the charge trapping material and an upper surface of the active area.1-31. (canceled) 32. A memory device, comprising:
first and second protrusions, wherein the first and second protrusions comprise a semiconductor material and are at least partially separated by a first dielectric material; charge trapping material separated from respective outer surfaces of the first and second protrusions by respective portions of a second dielectric material; a conductive material separated from the charge trapping material by a third dielectric material; a pair of opposing spacers, wherein a first spacer of the pair is adjacent the first protrusion of semiconductor material, wherein a second spacer of the pair is adjacent the second protrusion of semiconductor material, and wherein the first and second spacers each have an effective oxide thickness greater than an effective oxide thickness of the second dielectric material. 33. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first and second spacers each have an actual thickness greater than an actual thickness of the second dielectric material. 34. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first dielectric material comprises an oxide. 35. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first dielectric material is recessed relative to the outer surfaces of the first and second protrusions. 36. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the second dielectric material comprises silicon oxide. 37. The memory device of claim 32, wherein at least a portion of the second dielectric material is nitridized. 38. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the second dielectric material comprises a composite of silicon oxide and silicon nitride. 39. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the first and second spacers comprise a dielectric material having a dielectric constant that is greater than a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material. 40. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the conductive material comprises silicon. 41. The memory device of claim 32, wherein the semiconductor material comprises silicon. | 3,700 |
344,370 | 16,803,835 | 3,792 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a user equipment (UE) may perform path-loss estimation to support uplink transmit power control. The UE may perform path-loss estimations on path-loss reference signals configured by a base station. In some cases, the base station may update (e.g., activate, deactivate, or both) particular path-loss reference signals using a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). The UE may determine which path-loss reference signal or signals to use for path-loss estimation based on one or more techniques. For example, the UE may filter path-loss measurements over a time duration or may use a single, unfiltered path-loss measurement for path-loss estimation. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may receive deactivated path-loss reference signals (e.g., for a set amount of time or for any amount of time) or may refrain from receiving deactivated path-loss reference signals. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a configuration for a plurality of configured reference signals for path-loss estimation; updating, from the plurality of configured reference signals, a reference signal to use for the path-loss estimation; receiving, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the reference signal following the updating and based at least in part on a periodicity of the reference signal; measuring a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals; calculating a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the reference signal; and transmitting an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
updating the reference signal comprises activating the reference signal, the method further comprising:
determining the reference signal to use for the path-loss estimation based at least in part on the reference signal being an activated reference signal. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element indicating the reference signal, wherein the updating is based at least in part on the MAC control element. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing layer 3 filtering on the measured plurality of path-loss values, wherein the path-loss estimate is calculated based at least in part on the layer 3 filtering. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the plurality of active reference signals to receive for the path-loss estimation based at least in part on a threshold number of active reference signals or a threshold duration for measuring the plurality of path-loss values or both. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating an additional reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals based at least in part on updating the reference signal, wherein the updating the additional reference signal comprises deactivating the additional reference signal. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, the additional reference signal following the deactivating; and measuring an additional path-loss value based at least in part on receiving the additional reference signal. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
further updating the additional reference signal, wherein the further updating the additional reference signal comprises re-activating the additional reference signal; calculating an additional path-loss estimate using the measured additional path-loss value; and transmitting an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on the additional path-loss estimate and the re-activating the additional reference signal. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
refraining from receiving the additional reference signal following the deactivating. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
activating a timer following the deactivating; receiving, from the base station, the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is running; identifying an expiry of the timer; and refraining from receiving the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is inactive. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing an additional path-loss estimate corresponding to the additional reference signal upon the deactivating; further updating the additional reference signal, wherein the further updating the additional reference signal comprises re-activating the additional reference signal; and transmitting an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on the stored additional path-loss estimate and the re-activating the additional reference signal. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals to use for the path-loss estimation comprises:
determining a plurality of active reference signals of the plurality of configured reference signals to use for a plurality of path-loss estimations corresponding to a plurality of communication beams. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of active reference signals is less than or equal to a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting, to the base station, an indication of a UE beamforming capability, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals or a number of reference signals in the plurality of active reference signals or both is based at least in part on the UE beamforming capability. 18. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration for a plurality of configured reference signals for path-loss estimation at the UE; updating a reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals for the path-loss estimation; transmitting, to the UE, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the updated reference signal following the updating and based at least in part on a periodicity of the updated reference signal; and receiving, from the UE, an uplink message transmitted with an uplink transmit power based at least in part on a plurality of path-loss measurements for the plurality of active reference signals. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein updating the reference signal comprises:
transmitting, to the UE, a medium access control (MAC) control element indicating the reference signal. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein updating the reference signal comprises activating the reference signal. 21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting, to the UE, a deactivated reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
updating the deactivated reference signal for the path-loss estimation, wherein the updating the deactivated reference signal comprises activating the deactivated reference signal; and receiving, from the UE, an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on an additional path-loss measurement for the deactivated reference signal. 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
refraining from transmitting a deactivated reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals. 25. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating an additional reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals for the path-loss estimation, wherein the updating the additional reference signal comprises deactivating the additional reference signal; activating a timer following the deactivating; transmitting, to the UE, the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is running; identifying an expiry of the timer; and refraining from transmitting the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is inactive. 26. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating a plurality of reference signals of the plurality of configured reference signals for a plurality of path-loss estimations corresponding to a plurality of communication beams, wherein the updating the plurality of reference signals comprises activating the plurality of reference signals. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of activated reference signals is less than or equal to a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals. 28. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element updating a first reference signal; determining, from a plurality of configured reference signals, a second reference signal to use for path-loss estimation based at least in part on the updated first reference signal; receiving, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the determined second reference signal and based at least in part on a periodicity of the determined second reference signal; measuring a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals; calculating a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the determined second reference signal; and transmitting an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the MAC control element activates the first reference signal and the first reference signal is the same as the second reference signal. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive, from a base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element updating a first reference signal;
determine, from a plurality of configured reference signals, a second reference signal to use for path-loss estimation based at least in part on the updated first reference signal;
receive, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the determined second reference signal and based at least in part on a periodicity of the determined second reference signal;
measure a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals;
calculate a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the determined second reference signal; and
transmit an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the MAC control element deactivates the first reference signal and the first reference signal is different from the second reference signal. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a user equipment (UE) may perform path-loss estimation to support uplink transmit power control. The UE may perform path-loss estimations on path-loss reference signals configured by a base station. In some cases, the base station may update (e.g., activate, deactivate, or both) particular path-loss reference signals using a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). The UE may determine which path-loss reference signal or signals to use for path-loss estimation based on one or more techniques. For example, the UE may filter path-loss measurements over a time duration or may use a single, unfiltered path-loss measurement for path-loss estimation. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may receive deactivated path-loss reference signals (e.g., for a set amount of time or for any amount of time) or may refrain from receiving deactivated path-loss reference signals.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a configuration for a plurality of configured reference signals for path-loss estimation; updating, from the plurality of configured reference signals, a reference signal to use for the path-loss estimation; receiving, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the reference signal following the updating and based at least in part on a periodicity of the reference signal; measuring a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals; calculating a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the reference signal; and transmitting an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
updating the reference signal comprises activating the reference signal, the method further comprising:
determining the reference signal to use for the path-loss estimation based at least in part on the reference signal being an activated reference signal. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element indicating the reference signal, wherein the updating is based at least in part on the MAC control element. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
performing layer 3 filtering on the measured plurality of path-loss values, wherein the path-loss estimate is calculated based at least in part on the layer 3 filtering. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the plurality of active reference signals to receive for the path-loss estimation based at least in part on a threshold number of active reference signals or a threshold duration for measuring the plurality of path-loss values or both. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating an additional reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals based at least in part on updating the reference signal, wherein the updating the additional reference signal comprises deactivating the additional reference signal. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, the additional reference signal following the deactivating; and measuring an additional path-loss value based at least in part on receiving the additional reference signal. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
further updating the additional reference signal, wherein the further updating the additional reference signal comprises re-activating the additional reference signal; calculating an additional path-loss estimate using the measured additional path-loss value; and transmitting an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on the additional path-loss estimate and the re-activating the additional reference signal. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
refraining from receiving the additional reference signal following the deactivating. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
activating a timer following the deactivating; receiving, from the base station, the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is running; identifying an expiry of the timer; and refraining from receiving the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is inactive. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
storing an additional path-loss estimate corresponding to the additional reference signal upon the deactivating; further updating the additional reference signal, wherein the further updating the additional reference signal comprises re-activating the additional reference signal; and transmitting an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on the stored additional path-loss estimate and the re-activating the additional reference signal. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals to use for the path-loss estimation comprises:
determining a plurality of active reference signals of the plurality of configured reference signals to use for a plurality of path-loss estimations corresponding to a plurality of communication beams. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of active reference signals is less than or equal to a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
transmitting, to the base station, an indication of a UE beamforming capability, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals or a number of reference signals in the plurality of active reference signals or both is based at least in part on the UE beamforming capability. 18. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a configuration for a plurality of configured reference signals for path-loss estimation at the UE; updating a reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals for the path-loss estimation; transmitting, to the UE, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the updated reference signal following the updating and based at least in part on a periodicity of the updated reference signal; and receiving, from the UE, an uplink message transmitted with an uplink transmit power based at least in part on a plurality of path-loss measurements for the plurality of active reference signals. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein updating the reference signal comprises:
transmitting, to the UE, a medium access control (MAC) control element indicating the reference signal. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein updating the reference signal comprises activating the reference signal. 21. (canceled) 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transmitting, to the UE, a deactivated reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
updating the deactivated reference signal for the path-loss estimation, wherein the updating the deactivated reference signal comprises activating the deactivated reference signal; and receiving, from the UE, an additional uplink message according to an additional uplink transmit power based at least in part on an additional path-loss measurement for the deactivated reference signal. 24. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
refraining from transmitting a deactivated reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals. 25. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating an additional reference signal of the plurality of configured reference signals for the path-loss estimation, wherein the updating the additional reference signal comprises deactivating the additional reference signal; activating a timer following the deactivating; transmitting, to the UE, the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is running; identifying an expiry of the timer; and refraining from transmitting the additional reference signal following the deactivating if the timer is inactive. 26. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating a plurality of reference signals of the plurality of configured reference signals for a plurality of path-loss estimations corresponding to a plurality of communication beams, wherein the updating the plurality of reference signals comprises activating the plurality of reference signals. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein a number of reference signals in the plurality of activated reference signals is less than or equal to a number of reference signals in the plurality of configured reference signals. 28. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element updating a first reference signal; determining, from a plurality of configured reference signals, a second reference signal to use for path-loss estimation based at least in part on the updated first reference signal; receiving, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the determined second reference signal and based at least in part on a periodicity of the determined second reference signal; measuring a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals; calculating a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the determined second reference signal; and transmitting an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the MAC control element activates the first reference signal and the first reference signal is the same as the second reference signal. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled to the processor, the processor and memory configured to:
receive, from a base station, a medium access control (MAC) control element updating a first reference signal;
determine, from a plurality of configured reference signals, a second reference signal to use for path-loss estimation based at least in part on the updated first reference signal;
receive, from the base station, a plurality of active reference signals corresponding to the determined second reference signal and based at least in part on a periodicity of the determined second reference signal;
measure a plurality of path-loss values based at least in part on receiving the plurality of active reference signals;
calculate a path-loss estimate using the measured plurality of path-loss values corresponding to the determined second reference signal; and
transmit an uplink message according to an uplink transmit power based at least in part on the path-loss estimate. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the MAC control element deactivates the first reference signal and the first reference signal is different from the second reference signal. | 3,700 |
344,371 | 16,803,805 | 3,792 | A Lidar system is provided. The Lidar system comprise: a light source configured to emit a multi-pulse sequence to measure a distance between the Lidar system and a location in a three-dimensional environment, and the multi-pulse sequence comprises multiple pulses having a temporal profile; a photosensitive detector configured to detect light pulses from the three-dimensional environment; and one or more processors configured to: determine a coding scheme comprising the temporal profile, wherein the coding scheme is determined dynamically based on one or more real-time conditions including an environment condition, a condition of the Lidar system or a signal environment condition; and calculate the distance based on a time of flight of a sequence of detected light pulses, wherein the time of flight is determined by determining a match between the sequence of detected light pulses and the temporal profile. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the system comprising:
(i) a memory for storing a set of program instructions, and (ii) one or more processors configured to execute the set of program instructions to:
(a) detect one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and
(b) determine a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a predictive model. 31. A method for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the method comprising:
(a) detecting one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and (b) determining a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a set of pre-determined rules or using a predictive model. | A Lidar system is provided. The Lidar system comprise: a light source configured to emit a multi-pulse sequence to measure a distance between the Lidar system and a location in a three-dimensional environment, and the multi-pulse sequence comprises multiple pulses having a temporal profile; a photosensitive detector configured to detect light pulses from the three-dimensional environment; and one or more processors configured to: determine a coding scheme comprising the temporal profile, wherein the coding scheme is determined dynamically based on one or more real-time conditions including an environment condition, a condition of the Lidar system or a signal environment condition; and calculate the distance based on a time of flight of a sequence of detected light pulses, wherein the time of flight is determined by determining a match between the sequence of detected light pulses and the temporal profile.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the system comprising:
(i) a memory for storing a set of program instructions, and (ii) one or more processors configured to execute the set of program instructions to:
(a) detect one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and
(b) determine a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a predictive model. 31. A method for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the method comprising:
(a) detecting one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and (b) determining a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a set of pre-determined rules or using a predictive model. | 3,700 |
344,372 | 16,803,881 | 3,792 | A Lidar system is provided. The Lidar system comprise: a light source configured to emit a multi-pulse sequence to measure a distance between the Lidar system and a location in a three-dimensional environment, and the multi-pulse sequence comprises multiple pulses having a temporal profile; a photosensitive detector configured to detect light pulses from the three-dimensional environment; and one or more processors configured to: determine a coding scheme comprising the temporal profile, wherein the coding scheme is determined dynamically based on one or more real-time conditions including an environment condition, a condition of the Lidar system or a signal environment condition; and calculate the distance based on a time of flight of a sequence of detected light pulses, wherein the time of flight is determined by determining a match between the sequence of detected light pulses and the temporal profile. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the system comprising:
(i) a memory for storing a set of program instructions, and (ii) one or more processors configured to execute the set of program instructions to:
(a) detect one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and
(b) determine a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a predictive model. 31. A method for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the method comprising:
(a) detecting one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and (b) determining a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a set of pre-determined rules or using a predictive model. | A Lidar system is provided. The Lidar system comprise: a light source configured to emit a multi-pulse sequence to measure a distance between the Lidar system and a location in a three-dimensional environment, and the multi-pulse sequence comprises multiple pulses having a temporal profile; a photosensitive detector configured to detect light pulses from the three-dimensional environment; and one or more processors configured to: determine a coding scheme comprising the temporal profile, wherein the coding scheme is determined dynamically based on one or more real-time conditions including an environment condition, a condition of the Lidar system or a signal environment condition; and calculate the distance based on a time of flight of a sequence of detected light pulses, wherein the time of flight is determined by determining a match between the sequence of detected light pulses and the temporal profile.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the system comprising:
(i) a memory for storing a set of program instructions, and (ii) one or more processors configured to execute the set of program instructions to:
(a) detect one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and
(b) determine a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a predictive model. 31. A method for determining a coding scheme for a laser range and detection system, the method comprising:
(a) detecting one or more real-time conditions during operation of the laser range and detection system, wherein the one or more real-time conditions comprise at least one condition selected from the group consisting of a power consumption of the laser range and detection system, a temperature of the laser range and detection system, a signal channel condition, a weather and geolocation of the laser range and detection system and a sparsity of objects in a three-dimensional environment detectable by the laser range and detection system; and (b) determining a coding scheme from a plurality of coding schemes for generating a control signal to a light source of the laser range and detection system, wherein the control signal causes the light source to emit a sequence of light pulses to the three-dimensional environment according to the coding scheme. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme comprises a temporal profile including one or more members selected from the group consisting of an amplitude of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a duration of each light pulse from the sequence of light pulses, a time interval between consecutive light pulses and a number of the light pulses in the sequence of light pulses. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one time interval between two consecutive light pulses in the sequence of light pulses is no more than 30 nanoseconds. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more real-time conditions is detected by sampling signals selected from light pulses returned from the three-dimensional environment. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the signal channel condition comprises information about noise or exogenous signals. 36. The method of claim 31, wherein the light source comprises: (i) a light emitting device; (ii) an energy storage element coupled to the light emitting device under the control of a switching element for generating multi-pulse sequence, and (iii) a plurality of charging units, wherein each of the plurality of charging units has a built-in switching element configured to charge the energy storage element with a pre-determined amount of energy. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the control signal controls the switching element and the built-in switching element of the plurality of charging units. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the built-in switching element causes the pre-determined amount of energy supplied from the corresponding charging unit to the energy storage element. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the control signal controlling the switching element causes a sequence of electricity to be discharged from the energy storage element to the light emitting device, thereby triggering emission of the sequence of the light pulses. 40. The method of claim 31, wherein the coding scheme is determined according to a set of pre-determined rules or using a predictive model. | 3,700 |
344,373 | 16,803,852 | 3,792 | Valves constructed from low porosity leaflets are disclosed. The valves disclosed herein may be integrated into a variety of structures, such as valved conduits and transcatheter stents, and may be constructed of one or more layers. Embodiments herein are also directed to methods of using the same and methods of making the same. | 1. An conduit suitable for implantation into a human or animal, the conduit comprising at least two layers, wherein at least one layer comprises a material having a surface porosity of 1.9% to less than 15%. 2. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is plastically deformable. 3. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer comprises a fluoropolymer. 4. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a surface coating. 5. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is anisotropic. 6. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers are anisotropic. 7. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has an average pore area of less than or about 1 square micron. 8. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has an average pore diameter of less than or about 1 micron. 9. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a thickness of less than or about 0.1 mm. 10. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is generally aligned along an axial direction of the conduit. 11. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers have a total thickness of less than or about 0.1 mm. 12. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a suture retention strength from about 320 g to about 1,172 g. 13. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers are separably manufacturable. 14. A conduit suitable for implantation into a human or animal, the conduit comprising at least three layers, wherein at least two layers comprise a material having a surface porosity of 1.9% to less than 15%, and wherein at least two layers have orientations that are offset by an angle of at least 10 degrees relative to each other. 15. The conduit of claim 14, wherein the angle is from about 10 degrees to about 90 degrees. | Valves constructed from low porosity leaflets are disclosed. The valves disclosed herein may be integrated into a variety of structures, such as valved conduits and transcatheter stents, and may be constructed of one or more layers. Embodiments herein are also directed to methods of using the same and methods of making the same.1. An conduit suitable for implantation into a human or animal, the conduit comprising at least two layers, wherein at least one layer comprises a material having a surface porosity of 1.9% to less than 15%. 2. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is plastically deformable. 3. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer comprises a fluoropolymer. 4. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a surface coating. 5. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is anisotropic. 6. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers are anisotropic. 7. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has an average pore area of less than or about 1 square micron. 8. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has an average pore diameter of less than or about 1 micron. 9. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a thickness of less than or about 0.1 mm. 10. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer is generally aligned along an axial direction of the conduit. 11. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers have a total thickness of less than or about 0.1 mm. 12. The conduit of claim 1, wherein at least one layer has a suture retention strength from about 320 g to about 1,172 g. 13. The conduit of claim 1, wherein the at least two layers are separably manufacturable. 14. A conduit suitable for implantation into a human or animal, the conduit comprising at least three layers, wherein at least two layers comprise a material having a surface porosity of 1.9% to less than 15%, and wherein at least two layers have orientations that are offset by an angle of at least 10 degrees relative to each other. 15. The conduit of claim 14, wherein the angle is from about 10 degrees to about 90 degrees. | 3,700 |
344,374 | 16,803,851 | 3,792 | This disclosure relates to an apparatus for object detection. The apparatus comprises a video camera, an object detector, and a controller. The video camera may be configured to generate a video stream of frames. The object detector may be configured to accept the video stream as input data and to perform object detection. The controller may be coupled to the video camera and the object detector. The controller may be configured to manage object detection in order to satisfy a performance metric and/or operate within an operational constraint. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a video camera configured to generate a video stream of frames; an object detector configured to accept the video stream as input data and to perform object detection; and a controller coupled to the object detector, the controller configured to manage the object detection in order to satisfy a performance metric and operate within an operational constraint. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object detector comprises:
a selected object detector selected from a plurality of object detectors stored within a repository, each object detector of the plurality of object detectors comprising different attributes relative to other object detectors of the plurality of object detectors; and wherein the controller is further configured to manage the object detection using the selected object detector. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of processors coupled to the controller, the plurality of processors configured to execute logic of the selected object detector to perform the object detection; a memory coupled to the controller, the memory configured to store data for the selected object detector; and wherein the controller is further configured to select one of the plurality of object detectors as the selected object detector based on one or more of availability of the plurality of processors, and a type of each available processor, and based on an amount of memory space in the memory available for the object detection. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
an object detection result generated by the selected object detector; a baseline object detector coupled to the controller, the baseline object detector configured to generate a baseline object detection result; a detector selector coupled to a comparator, the comparator configured to measure the object detection result against the baseline object detection result and generate a performance score for the selected object detector; and wherein the detector selector is configured to change the selected object detector to another object detector of the plurality of object detectors based on the performance score. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the baseline object detector comprises one of the plurality of object detectors. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the detector selector is further configured to operate the selected object detector more often than the baseline object detector and wherein the baseline object detector uses more computing resources than the selected object detector. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a complexity level of a plurality of frames changes over time and wherein the controller is further configured to manage object detection based on the complexity level of a plurality of frames within the video stream. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller comprises:
an autoencoder configured to determine a bottleneck for each of two adjacent frames of the video stream; and a complexity module configured to determine the complexity level for the plurality of frames based on a difference between bottlenecks of adjacent frames of the video stream. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a detector selector and the controller is further configured to manage the object detection by activating the detector selector to swap the object detector with another object detector selected from a plurality of object detectors within a repository; and
wherein the detector selector is configured to choose the another object detector based on one or more factors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more factors comprise the operational constraint, the performance metric, a complexity level for one or more frames, object detection results, and an environment condition. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a mode selector and the controller is further configured to manage object detection by activating the mode selector to change a mode of the object detector. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a detector switch and the controller is further configured to manage the object detection by activating the detector switch to turn off the object detection. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object detector comprises a neural network, the neural network trained prior to use for the object detection. 14. A system, comprising:
a video camera configured to generate a video stream of frames; a plurality of processors configured to execute object detection logic to perform object detection on the frames; volatile memory configured to store data for and executable code for the object detection logic; non-volatile memory configured to store a plurality of neural networks each neural network comprising different attributes; and a power source configured to supply electrical power to the non-volatile memory, the volatile memory, the plurality of processors, and the video camera; wherein the object detection logic is configured to operate a selected neural network from the plurality of neural networks in real-time to generate object detection results; and wherein the object detection logic is further configured to determine the selected neural network to perform object detection based on attributes of the selected neural network, a plurality of performance metrics, and a plurality of operational constraints. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to change the selected neural network in response to the object detection results failing to satisfy one of the plurality of performance metrics or one of the plurality of operational constraints. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to change the selected neural network by changing an operating mode for the selected neural network. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic comprises trigger logic configured to direct the object detection logic to replace the selected neural network with another neural network from the plurality of neural networks in response to a change in one of a complexity level for frames of the video stream or a change in one or more operational constraints. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to select the selected neural network to perform object detection from the plurality of neural networks based on computing resources available for object detection within the system. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
means for reviewing a video stream generated by a video camera; means for generating detection results based on the video stream by way of a selected neural network, the selected neural network selected from a plurality of neural networks, wherein the selected neural network is selected such that attributes of the selected neural network satisfy performance metrics and operational constraints for an object detection operation; and means for automatically changing the selected neural network to another neural network of the plurality of neural networks in response to object detection results failing to satisfy at least one performance metric for the object detection operation based on one or more object detection results. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein automatically changing the selected neural network comprises changing an operating mode of the neural network. | This disclosure relates to an apparatus for object detection. The apparatus comprises a video camera, an object detector, and a controller. The video camera may be configured to generate a video stream of frames. The object detector may be configured to accept the video stream as input data and to perform object detection. The controller may be coupled to the video camera and the object detector. The controller may be configured to manage object detection in order to satisfy a performance metric and/or operate within an operational constraint.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a video camera configured to generate a video stream of frames; an object detector configured to accept the video stream as input data and to perform object detection; and a controller coupled to the object detector, the controller configured to manage the object detection in order to satisfy a performance metric and operate within an operational constraint. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object detector comprises:
a selected object detector selected from a plurality of object detectors stored within a repository, each object detector of the plurality of object detectors comprising different attributes relative to other object detectors of the plurality of object detectors; and wherein the controller is further configured to manage the object detection using the selected object detector. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of processors coupled to the controller, the plurality of processors configured to execute logic of the selected object detector to perform the object detection; a memory coupled to the controller, the memory configured to store data for the selected object detector; and wherein the controller is further configured to select one of the plurality of object detectors as the selected object detector based on one or more of availability of the plurality of processors, and a type of each available processor, and based on an amount of memory space in the memory available for the object detection. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
an object detection result generated by the selected object detector; a baseline object detector coupled to the controller, the baseline object detector configured to generate a baseline object detection result; a detector selector coupled to a comparator, the comparator configured to measure the object detection result against the baseline object detection result and generate a performance score for the selected object detector; and wherein the detector selector is configured to change the selected object detector to another object detector of the plurality of object detectors based on the performance score. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the baseline object detector comprises one of the plurality of object detectors. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the detector selector is further configured to operate the selected object detector more often than the baseline object detector and wherein the baseline object detector uses more computing resources than the selected object detector. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a complexity level of a plurality of frames changes over time and wherein the controller is further configured to manage object detection based on the complexity level of a plurality of frames within the video stream. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller comprises:
an autoencoder configured to determine a bottleneck for each of two adjacent frames of the video stream; and a complexity module configured to determine the complexity level for the plurality of frames based on a difference between bottlenecks of adjacent frames of the video stream. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a detector selector and the controller is further configured to manage the object detection by activating the detector selector to swap the object detector with another object detector selected from a plurality of object detectors within a repository; and
wherein the detector selector is configured to choose the another object detector based on one or more factors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the one or more factors comprise the operational constraint, the performance metric, a complexity level for one or more frames, object detection results, and an environment condition. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a mode selector and the controller is further configured to manage object detection by activating the mode selector to change a mode of the object detector. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a detector switch and the controller is further configured to manage the object detection by activating the detector switch to turn off the object detection. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object detector comprises a neural network, the neural network trained prior to use for the object detection. 14. A system, comprising:
a video camera configured to generate a video stream of frames; a plurality of processors configured to execute object detection logic to perform object detection on the frames; volatile memory configured to store data for and executable code for the object detection logic; non-volatile memory configured to store a plurality of neural networks each neural network comprising different attributes; and a power source configured to supply electrical power to the non-volatile memory, the volatile memory, the plurality of processors, and the video camera; wherein the object detection logic is configured to operate a selected neural network from the plurality of neural networks in real-time to generate object detection results; and wherein the object detection logic is further configured to determine the selected neural network to perform object detection based on attributes of the selected neural network, a plurality of performance metrics, and a plurality of operational constraints. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to change the selected neural network in response to the object detection results failing to satisfy one of the plurality of performance metrics or one of the plurality of operational constraints. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to change the selected neural network by changing an operating mode for the selected neural network. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic comprises trigger logic configured to direct the object detection logic to replace the selected neural network with another neural network from the plurality of neural networks in response to a change in one of a complexity level for frames of the video stream or a change in one or more operational constraints. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the object detection logic is further configured to select the selected neural network to perform object detection from the plurality of neural networks based on computing resources available for object detection within the system. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
means for reviewing a video stream generated by a video camera; means for generating detection results based on the video stream by way of a selected neural network, the selected neural network selected from a plurality of neural networks, wherein the selected neural network is selected such that attributes of the selected neural network satisfy performance metrics and operational constraints for an object detection operation; and means for automatically changing the selected neural network to another neural network of the plurality of neural networks in response to object detection results failing to satisfy at least one performance metric for the object detection operation based on one or more object detection results. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein automatically changing the selected neural network comprises changing an operating mode of the neural network. | 3,700 |
344,375 | 16,803,839 | 3,792 | An audio system includes a transducer assembly, an optical sensing pathway, a laser, a detector assembly, and a controller. The transducer assembly is coupled to a user's ear and produces an acoustic pressure wave based on an audio instruction. The optical sensing pathway moves, at least in part, with a detected acoustic pressure wave. The laser emits light that is separated into a reference beam and a sensing beam that is coupled into the optical sensing pathway. The detected acoustic pressure wave interacts with the sensing beam to alter its optical path length. The detector assembly detects the reference and sensing beams from the optical sensing pathway, and measures the detected acoustic pressure wave based on changes in optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. The controller adjusts the audio instruction based on the measurement of the detected acoustic pressure wave. | 1. A method comprising:
separating light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber; and measuring the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a beam splitter separates the light into the reference beam and the sensing beam. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
modulating a parameter of the reference beam; and identifying the reference beam based on the modulated parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is suspended from a housing of an audio system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the end of the optical fiber couples to a flexible membrane that is configured to move with the acoustic pressure wave. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the end of the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to tissue of the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a component of an eyewear device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber further comprises detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam using a photodetector to generate a signal, the method further comprising:
selecting a portion of the signal that have frequencies within 20 Hz-20 kHz. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber further comprises detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam using a photodetector to generate a signal, the method further comprising removing a portion of the signal corresponding to motion of the eyewear device. 10. An audio system comprising:
a beam splitter configured to separate light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; and a detector assembly configured to:
detect the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, and
measure the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. 11. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a reference beam modulator configured to modulate a parameter of the reference beam, wherein the detector assembly is configured to identify the reference beam based on the modulated parameter. 12. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a transducer assembly configured to be coupled to an ear of the user and to produce an acoustic pressure wave based on an audio instruction. 13. The audio system of claim 12, wherein the detector assembly is further configured to:
adjust the audio instruction based on the measurement of the acoustic pressure wave. 14. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the optical fiber is suspended from a housing of the audio system. 15. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the end of the optical fiber couples to a flexible membrane that is configured to move with the acoustic pressure wave. 16. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to tissue of the user. 17. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a transducer configured to be coupled to a back of an auricle of an ear of the user, wherein the transducer is configured to vibrate the auricle over a first frequency range to cause the auricle to produce the acoustic pressure wave based on the audio instruction, and wherein the acoustic pressure wave with which the optical fiber is configured to move is in the first frequency range. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
a second transducer configured to vibrate over a second frequency range, wherein the second transducer produces a second acoustic pressure wave, and wherein the optical fiber is further configured to move with the second acoustic pressure wave in the second frequency range. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the detector assembly includes a photodetector configured to generate a signal responsive to detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, the detector assembly further comprising a signal processer configured to remove a portion of the signal corresponding to motion of the eyewear device. 20. An optical microphone comprising:
an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave; a beam splitter configured to separate light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to the optical fiber, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; and a detector assembly configured to:
detect the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, and measure the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. | An audio system includes a transducer assembly, an optical sensing pathway, a laser, a detector assembly, and a controller. The transducer assembly is coupled to a user's ear and produces an acoustic pressure wave based on an audio instruction. The optical sensing pathway moves, at least in part, with a detected acoustic pressure wave. The laser emits light that is separated into a reference beam and a sensing beam that is coupled into the optical sensing pathway. The detected acoustic pressure wave interacts with the sensing beam to alter its optical path length. The detector assembly detects the reference and sensing beams from the optical sensing pathway, and measures the detected acoustic pressure wave based on changes in optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. The controller adjusts the audio instruction based on the measurement of the detected acoustic pressure wave.1. A method comprising:
separating light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber; and measuring the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a beam splitter separates the light into the reference beam and the sensing beam. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
modulating a parameter of the reference beam; and identifying the reference beam based on the modulated parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is suspended from a housing of an audio system. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the end of the optical fiber couples to a flexible membrane that is configured to move with the acoustic pressure wave. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the end of the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to tissue of the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a component of an eyewear device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber further comprises detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam using a photodetector to generate a signal, the method further comprising:
selecting a portion of the signal that have frequencies within 20 Hz-20 kHz. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber further comprises detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam using a photodetector to generate a signal, the method further comprising removing a portion of the signal corresponding to motion of the eyewear device. 10. An audio system comprising:
a beam splitter configured to separate light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; and a detector assembly configured to:
detect the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, and
measure the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. 11. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a reference beam modulator configured to modulate a parameter of the reference beam, wherein the detector assembly is configured to identify the reference beam based on the modulated parameter. 12. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a transducer assembly configured to be coupled to an ear of the user and to produce an acoustic pressure wave based on an audio instruction. 13. The audio system of claim 12, wherein the detector assembly is further configured to:
adjust the audio instruction based on the measurement of the acoustic pressure wave. 14. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the optical fiber is suspended from a housing of the audio system. 15. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the end of the optical fiber couples to a flexible membrane that is configured to move with the acoustic pressure wave. 16. The audio system of claim 10, wherein the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to tissue of the user. 17. The audio system of claim 10, further comprising:
a transducer configured to be coupled to a back of an auricle of an ear of the user, wherein the transducer is configured to vibrate the auricle over a first frequency range to cause the auricle to produce the acoustic pressure wave based on the audio instruction, and wherein the acoustic pressure wave with which the optical fiber is configured to move is in the first frequency range. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
a second transducer configured to vibrate over a second frequency range, wherein the second transducer produces a second acoustic pressure wave, and wherein the optical fiber is further configured to move with the second acoustic pressure wave in the second frequency range. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the detector assembly includes a photodetector configured to generate a signal responsive to detecting the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, the detector assembly further comprising a signal processer configured to remove a portion of the signal corresponding to motion of the eyewear device. 20. An optical microphone comprising:
an optical fiber that moves due to an acoustic pressure wave; a beam splitter configured to separate light into a reference beam and a sensing beam, the sensing beam coupled to the optical fiber, wherein an end of the optical fiber is suspended in air such that the end is proximate to an entrance of an ear canal of a user and movement of the optical fiber alters an optical path length of the sensing beam; and a detector assembly configured to:
detect the reference beam and the sensing beam from the optical fiber, and measure the acoustic pressure wave based in part on changes in the optical path length between the reference beam and the sensing beam. | 3,700 |
344,376 | 16,803,841 | 3,792 | Systems and methods for an integrated photon source and detector of entangled photons are provided. In certain embodiments, a system includes a first waveguide layer comprising a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in orthogonal modes of a single waveguide. The system also includes a second waveguide layer comprising a photon conditioning waveguide network, the second waveguide layer formed on the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer having a different index of refraction. Further, the system includes a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the photons as an output to an external device, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the photons from the external device and provides the photons to an interferometer. | 1. A system comprising
a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in two orthogonal modes of a single waveguide; a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the two photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the two photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the two photons as an output; and wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the two photons as an input and provides the two photons to an interferometer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon vertical coupling waveguide comprises:
a first waveguide having the two photons provided by the photon producing waveguide propagating therein; a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein the width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the second coupling portion to adiabatically transfer the first photon and second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the two photons are coupled into the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion based on the respective mode of the two photons. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the adiabatic transfer of the two photons into the second waveguide preserves the orthogonal modes of the two photons when propagating in the first waveguide. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network comprises:
a plurality of mode splitters; a mode converter; a plurality of bandpass filters; a plurality of transmission ports through which the two photons are provided as output and received as input; and a plurality of interferometer ports. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein a mode splitter in the plurality of mode splitters comprises:
a splitter input port configured to receive a first photon propagating in a first mode and a second photon propagating in a second mode that is orthogonal to the first mode; a first output port; a second output port; a first waveguide coupled to the splitter input port and the first output port, wherein the first waveguide receives the first photon and the second photon and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein the wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall and the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the mode converter comprises:
a port configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and a waveguide coupled to the port, the waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein the spatial phase of the modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall is anti-symmetric relative to the spatial phase of the second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall cause the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein a bandpass filter in the plurality of bandpass filters comprises:
an input port configured to receive a photon; an output port; a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the output port, wherein the first waveguide comprises:
a first sidewall formed as a first waveguide grating; and
a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall formed as a second waveguide grating, wherein modulation of the first waveguide grating and the second waveguide grating symmetrically, longitudinally varies along the length of the first sidewall and the second sidewall. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network is formed in a second waveguide layer formed over a first waveguide layer, the first waveguide layer acting as a substrate for the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer have different indices of refraction. 10. A method comprising:
generating a pair of photons in a photon producing waveguide; coupling the pair of photons into a photonic vertical coupling waveguide, wherein the photon polarization modes are coupled distinctly; converting one of the photons in the pair of photons so that both photons propagate in identical modes in different waveguides; providing the photons to one or more external devices; receiving the photons from the one or more external devices; and performing interferometry on the received photons. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a width of the vertical coupling waveguide changes along a length of a coupling portion of the vertical coupling waveguide and the photon producing waveguide to adiabatically transfer the pair of photons into distinct orthogonal modes of the vertical coupling waveguide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pair of photons are adiabatically transferred into the vertical coupling waveguide at different locations of the coupling portion based on the respective mode of the photons in the pair of photons. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein converting the one of the photons comprises:
splitting the pair of photons so that a first photon in the pair of photons propagates on a first waveguide and a second photon in the pair of photons propagates in a second waveguide; and converting a first mode of the first photon to be the same as a second mode of the second photon. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein splitting the pair of photons comprises:
receiving the first photon and the second photon on an input port; coupling the second photon to a second output port, wherein the second output port is coupled to the input port; and coupling the first photon to a first output port, wherein the first output port is connected to a coupled waveguide, the coupled waveguide having a modulated sidewall. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein converting the first mode of the first photon comprises:
receiving the first photon on a port; and propagating the first photon through a mode converting waveguide coupled to the port, the mode converting waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide such that the photon is output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein providing the photons to one or more external devices comprises:
passing the first photon through a first bandpass filter; passing the second photon through a second bandpass filter; passing the first photon and the second photon through associated mode splitters; and transmitting the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port to the one or more external devices. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the photons from the one or more external devices comprises:
receiving the first photon through the first output port and the second photon through the second output port, wherein a received mode of the received first photon and the received second photon is orthogonal to a transmitted mode of the transmitted first photon and the transmitted second photon; and outputting the received first photon and the received second photon through respective interferometer ports. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the photon producing waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the photonic vertical coupling waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer have different indices of refraction. 19. A system comprising
a first waveguide layer comprising a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in two orthogonal modes of a single waveguide; a second waveguide layer comprising a photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the second waveguide layer is formed on the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer having a different index of refraction from the first waveguide layer; a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the two photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the two photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the two photons as an output to an external device; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the two photons from the external device and provides the two photons to an interferometer. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network comprises:
a plurality of mode splitters; a mode converter; a plurality of bandpass filters; a plurality of transmission ports through which the two photons are provided as output and received as input; and a plurality of interferometer ports. | Systems and methods for an integrated photon source and detector of entangled photons are provided. In certain embodiments, a system includes a first waveguide layer comprising a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in orthogonal modes of a single waveguide. The system also includes a second waveguide layer comprising a photon conditioning waveguide network, the second waveguide layer formed on the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer having a different index of refraction. Further, the system includes a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the photons as an output to an external device, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the photons from the external device and provides the photons to an interferometer.1. A system comprising
a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in two orthogonal modes of a single waveguide; a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the two photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the two photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the two photons as an output; and wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the two photons as an input and provides the two photons to an interferometer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon vertical coupling waveguide comprises:
a first waveguide having the two photons provided by the photon producing waveguide propagating therein; a second waveguide having a second coupling portion in close proximity with a first coupling portion of the first waveguide, wherein the width of the second waveguide changes along the length of the second coupling portion to adiabatically transfer the first photon and second photon into distinct orthogonal modes of the second waveguide. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the two photons are coupled into the second waveguide at different locations in the second coupling portion based on the respective mode of the two photons. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the adiabatic transfer of the two photons into the second waveguide preserves the orthogonal modes of the two photons when propagating in the first waveguide. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network comprises:
a plurality of mode splitters; a mode converter; a plurality of bandpass filters; a plurality of transmission ports through which the two photons are provided as output and received as input; and a plurality of interferometer ports. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein a mode splitter in the plurality of mode splitters comprises:
a splitter input port configured to receive a first photon propagating in a first mode and a second photon propagating in a second mode that is orthogonal to the first mode; a first output port; a second output port; a first waveguide coupled to the splitter input port and the first output port, wherein the first waveguide receives the first photon and the second photon and provides the first photon to the first output port; and a second waveguide coupled to the second output port, wherein the wall of the second waveguide proximate to the first waveguide has a modulated sidewall and the second photon is coupled into the second waveguide and output through the second output port. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the mode converter comprises:
a port configured to receive a photon propagating in a first mode; and a waveguide coupled to the port, the waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein the spatial phase of the modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall is anti-symmetric relative to the spatial phase of the second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall cause the photon to output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein a bandpass filter in the plurality of bandpass filters comprises:
an input port configured to receive a photon; an output port; a first waveguide coupled to the input port and the output port, wherein the first waveguide comprises:
a first sidewall formed as a first waveguide grating; and
a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall formed as a second waveguide grating, wherein modulation of the first waveguide grating and the second waveguide grating symmetrically, longitudinally varies along the length of the first sidewall and the second sidewall. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network is formed in a second waveguide layer formed over a first waveguide layer, the first waveguide layer acting as a substrate for the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer have different indices of refraction. 10. A method comprising:
generating a pair of photons in a photon producing waveguide; coupling the pair of photons into a photonic vertical coupling waveguide, wherein the photon polarization modes are coupled distinctly; converting one of the photons in the pair of photons so that both photons propagate in identical modes in different waveguides; providing the photons to one or more external devices; receiving the photons from the one or more external devices; and performing interferometry on the received photons. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a width of the vertical coupling waveguide changes along a length of a coupling portion of the vertical coupling waveguide and the photon producing waveguide to adiabatically transfer the pair of photons into distinct orthogonal modes of the vertical coupling waveguide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pair of photons are adiabatically transferred into the vertical coupling waveguide at different locations of the coupling portion based on the respective mode of the photons in the pair of photons. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein converting the one of the photons comprises:
splitting the pair of photons so that a first photon in the pair of photons propagates on a first waveguide and a second photon in the pair of photons propagates in a second waveguide; and converting a first mode of the first photon to be the same as a second mode of the second photon. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein splitting the pair of photons comprises:
receiving the first photon and the second photon on an input port; coupling the second photon to a second output port, wherein the second output port is coupled to the input port; and coupling the first photon to a first output port, wherein the first output port is connected to a coupled waveguide, the coupled waveguide having a modulated sidewall. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein converting the first mode of the first photon comprises:
receiving the first photon on a port; and propagating the first photon through a mode converting waveguide coupled to the port, the mode converting waveguide having a first periodically modulated sidewall and a second periodically modulated sidewall, wherein modulation of the first periodically modulated sidewall and the second periodically modulated sidewall are out of phase with one another such that a width of a transverse cross-section of the mode converting waveguide is constant along the length of the mode converting waveguide such that the photon is output through the port propagating in an orthogonal mode to the first mode. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein providing the photons to one or more external devices comprises:
passing the first photon through a first bandpass filter; passing the second photon through a second bandpass filter; passing the first photon and the second photon through associated mode splitters; and transmitting the first photon through a first output port and the second photon through a second output port to the one or more external devices. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the photons from the one or more external devices comprises:
receiving the first photon through the first output port and the second photon through the second output port, wherein a received mode of the received first photon and the received second photon is orthogonal to a transmitted mode of the transmitted first photon and the transmitted second photon; and outputting the received first photon and the received second photon through respective interferometer ports. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the photon producing waveguide is formed in a first waveguide layer and the photonic vertical coupling waveguide is formed in a second waveguide layer, wherein the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer have different indices of refraction. 19. A system comprising
a first waveguide layer comprising a photon producing waveguide configured to provide two photons propagating in two orthogonal modes of a single waveguide; a second waveguide layer comprising a photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the second waveguide layer is formed on the first waveguide layer, the second waveguide layer having a different index of refraction from the first waveguide layer; a photon vertical coupling waveguide, coupling the two photons into the photon conditioning waveguide network, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network converts the two photons to propagate in two different waveguides in the same mode; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network provides the two photons as an output to an external device; wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network receives the two photons from the external device and provides the two photons to an interferometer. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the photon conditioning waveguide network comprises:
a plurality of mode splitters; a mode converter; a plurality of bandpass filters; a plurality of transmission ports through which the two photons are provided as output and received as input; and a plurality of interferometer ports. | 3,700 |
344,377 | 16,803,822 | 3,792 | One embodiment provides for a wearable electronic device comprising a display device, a memory device, and one or more processors to execute instructions stored in the memory device. The instructions cause the one or more processors to receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device, receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state, detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode, and enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most stat. Enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes, for example, increasing an execution priority of the application while the application is in the front most state. | 1. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a display device; a memory device; and one or more processors to execute instructions stored in the memory device, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device;
receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state;
detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and
enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 2. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 3. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to increase processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state. 4. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 5. The wearable electronic device as in claim 4, wherein to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 6. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 7. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. 8. A method performed by a wearable electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device; receiving a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state; detecting that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 9. The method as in claim 8, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 10. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state. 11. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 12. The method as in claim 11, wherein reducing resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 13. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 14. The method as in claim 8, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. 15. A data processing system on a wearable electronic device, the data processing system comprising:
one or more processors; a memory to store instructions to cause the one or more processors to:
receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device;
receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state;
detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and
enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 16. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 17. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to increase processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state or to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 18. The data processing system as in claim 17, wherein to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 19. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 20. The data processing system as in claim 15, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. | One embodiment provides for a wearable electronic device comprising a display device, a memory device, and one or more processors to execute instructions stored in the memory device. The instructions cause the one or more processors to receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device, receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state, detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode, and enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most stat. Enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes, for example, increasing an execution priority of the application while the application is in the front most state.1. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a display device; a memory device; and one or more processors to execute instructions stored in the memory device, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device;
receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state;
detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and
enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 2. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 3. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to increase processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state. 4. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 5. The wearable electronic device as in claim 4, wherein to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 6. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 7. The wearable electronic device as in claim 1, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. 8. A method performed by a wearable electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device; receiving a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state; detecting that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 9. The method as in claim 8, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 10. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state. 11. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 12. The method as in claim 11, wherein reducing resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 13. The method as in claim 8, wherein enabling the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 14. The method as in claim 8, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. 15. A data processing system on a wearable electronic device, the data processing system comprising:
one or more processors; a memory to store instructions to cause the one or more processors to:
receive an interaction to transition an application to a front-most state on the wearable electronic device;
receive a request to initiate an activity via the application in the front-most state;
detect that the wearable electronic device has transitioned to a low power mode; and
enable enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state during the low power mode while the application is in the front-most state, wherein enabling enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes increasing an execution priority of the application. 16. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein the application is a persistent application having a display persistence level and the enhanced functionality for the persistent application is enabled according to the display persistence level. 17. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to increase processor execution time allotted to the application in the front-most state or to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 18. The data processing system as in claim 17, wherein to reduce resource access throttling for the application in the front-most state includes to increase access to network resources relative to other applications on the wearable electronic device. 19. The data processing system as in claim 15, wherein to enable the enhanced functionality for the application in the front-most state includes to wake the application from a sleep or idle state in response to receipt of an external event for the application. 20. The data processing system as in claim 15, the one or more processors additionally to disable the enhanced functionality for the application when the application is no-longer in the front-most state. | 3,700 |
344,378 | 16,803,868 | 3,715 | A system is provided for emergency egress training. The system includes a training building including a first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building. The system further includes a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface. The system also includes an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is further operatively connected to the first story of the training building. An emergency egress training method is also provided. | 1. A system for emergency egress training, comprising:
a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface; and an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is coupled to a first story of a training building, said training building including the first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the first story of the training building and wherein the platform defines the opening along an edge of one side of the platform that is configured to adjoin the training building between the first story and the second story such that the platform simulates a second ground surface on which the second building is mounted. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the platform defines the opening along the edge of the one side at a location so that the opening is configured to be aligned with a window in the first story of the training building. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein at least one of:
a height of the egress well, defined between a top of the egress well operatively connected to the opening and the base of the egress well is not greater than a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform; and the height of the egress well is based on a height of the window in the first story. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform is sized so that the platform is configured to be aligned with a top of the window. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the platform defines the opening such that the opening is unobstructed and the platform includes an arcuate surface at the opening and wherein the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening comprises an arcuate surface based on the arcuate surface of the platform at the opening. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a top of the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening comprises an outward lip that extends radially outward from the top of the egress well to engage the platform adjacent the opening. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the training building based on one of a fastener and adhesive configured to secure the egress well to the training building. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the egress well defines one or more openings along a height of the egress well and wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the training building by one or more fasteners passed through the one or more openings and into the training building. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the egress well has a U-shaped cross section with a first portion and a second portion and an intermediate portion between the first portion and second portion, wherein the one of the fastener and adhesive is configured to secure the first portion and second portion to the training building. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a height of the egress well is defined by a top of the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening and the base of the egress well defined by a well platform positioned between the platform and the ground surface, wherein the well platform includes a well support configured to mount the well platform on the ground surface. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a ladder removably mounted to an inside surface of the egress well. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the egress well includes a first portion and a second portion that are operatively connected to the first story of the training building and an intermediate portion positioned opposite from the first story of the training building and positioned between the first portion and the second portion, wherein the ladder is mounted to the inside surface of the intermediate portion. 14. A system for emergency egress training, comprising:
a training building including a first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building; a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface; and an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is further operatively connected to the first story of the training building. 15. The system of claim 14,
wherein the platform defines the opening along an edge of one side of the platform that is configured to adjoin the training building between the first story and the second story such that the platform simulates a second ground surface on which the second building is mounted; and wherein the first story of the training building defines a window and wherein the platform defines the opening along the edge of the one side of the platform so that the opening is aligned with the window. 16. The system of claim 15,
wherein the platform defines the opening such that the opening is unobstructed; and wherein a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform is sized so that the platform is aligned with a top of the window. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the egress well defines one or more openings and wherein the first story of the training building is aligned with the one or more openings of the egress well such that one or more fasteners are passed through the one or more openings of the egress well and into the training building to secure the egress well to the first story of the training building. 18. An emergency egress training method, comprising:
providing a training building mounted to a ground surface, said training building including a first story to simulate a basement of a second building and a second story to simulate a first story of the second building; providing a platform defining an opening and including a base; mounting the platform to the ground surface with the base; operatively connecting an egress well to the platform at the opening so that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface; and operatively connecting the egress well to the first story of the training building. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the mounting the platform comprises aligning the platform with one of a top of a window in the first story of the training building and between the first story and second story of the training building. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing the platform comprises shaping the platform so that the opening is positioned along an edge of one side of the platform and wherein the mounting the platform to the ground surface comprises aligning the opening along the edge of the one side with a window in the first story of the training building. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of:
the operatively connecting the egress well to the platform at the opening includes engaging the platform with an outward lip at a top of the egress well that extends radially outward from the top of the egress well; and the operatively connecting the egress well to the training building comprises aligning one or more openings in the egress well with the training building and passing one or more fasteners through the one or more openings in the egress well and into the training building. | A system is provided for emergency egress training. The system includes a training building including a first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building. The system further includes a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface. The system also includes an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is further operatively connected to the first story of the training building. An emergency egress training method is also provided.1. A system for emergency egress training, comprising:
a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface; and an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is coupled to a first story of a training building, said training building including the first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the first story of the training building and wherein the platform defines the opening along an edge of one side of the platform that is configured to adjoin the training building between the first story and the second story such that the platform simulates a second ground surface on which the second building is mounted. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the platform defines the opening along the edge of the one side at a location so that the opening is configured to be aligned with a window in the first story of the training building. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein at least one of:
a height of the egress well, defined between a top of the egress well operatively connected to the opening and the base of the egress well is not greater than a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform; and the height of the egress well is based on a height of the window in the first story. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform is sized so that the platform is configured to be aligned with a top of the window. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the platform defines the opening such that the opening is unobstructed and the platform includes an arcuate surface at the opening and wherein the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening comprises an arcuate surface based on the arcuate surface of the platform at the opening. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a top of the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening comprises an outward lip that extends radially outward from the top of the egress well to engage the platform adjacent the opening. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the training building based on one of a fastener and adhesive configured to secure the egress well to the training building. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the egress well defines one or more openings along a height of the egress well and wherein the egress well is operatively connected to the training building by one or more fasteners passed through the one or more openings and into the training building. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the egress well has a U-shaped cross section with a first portion and a second portion and an intermediate portion between the first portion and second portion, wherein the one of the fastener and adhesive is configured to secure the first portion and second portion to the training building. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a height of the egress well is defined by a top of the egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening and the base of the egress well defined by a well platform positioned between the platform and the ground surface, wherein the well platform includes a well support configured to mount the well platform on the ground surface. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a ladder removably mounted to an inside surface of the egress well. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the egress well includes a first portion and a second portion that are operatively connected to the first story of the training building and an intermediate portion positioned opposite from the first story of the training building and positioned between the first portion and the second portion, wherein the ladder is mounted to the inside surface of the intermediate portion. 14. A system for emergency egress training, comprising:
a training building including a first story simulating a basement of a second building and a second story simulating a first story of the second building; a platform defining an opening and including a base configured to mount the platform on a ground surface; and an egress well operatively connected to the platform at the opening such that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface and wherein the egress well is further operatively connected to the first story of the training building. 15. The system of claim 14,
wherein the platform defines the opening along an edge of one side of the platform that is configured to adjoin the training building between the first story and the second story such that the platform simulates a second ground surface on which the second building is mounted; and wherein the first story of the training building defines a window and wherein the platform defines the opening along the edge of the one side of the platform so that the opening is aligned with the window. 16. The system of claim 15,
wherein the platform defines the opening such that the opening is unobstructed; and wherein a height of the platform defined between the platform and the base of the platform is sized so that the platform is aligned with a top of the window. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the egress well defines one or more openings and wherein the first story of the training building is aligned with the one or more openings of the egress well such that one or more fasteners are passed through the one or more openings of the egress well and into the training building to secure the egress well to the first story of the training building. 18. An emergency egress training method, comprising:
providing a training building mounted to a ground surface, said training building including a first story to simulate a basement of a second building and a second story to simulate a first story of the second building; providing a platform defining an opening and including a base; mounting the platform to the ground surface with the base; operatively connecting an egress well to the platform at the opening so that a base of the egress well is positioned above the ground surface; and operatively connecting the egress well to the first story of the training building. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the mounting the platform comprises aligning the platform with one of a top of a window in the first story of the training building and between the first story and second story of the training building. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing the platform comprises shaping the platform so that the opening is positioned along an edge of one side of the platform and wherein the mounting the platform to the ground surface comprises aligning the opening along the edge of the one side with a window in the first story of the training building. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein at least one of:
the operatively connecting the egress well to the platform at the opening includes engaging the platform with an outward lip at a top of the egress well that extends radially outward from the top of the egress well; and the operatively connecting the egress well to the training building comprises aligning one or more openings in the egress well with the training building and passing one or more fasteners through the one or more openings in the egress well and into the training building. | 3,700 |
344,379 | 16,803,876 | 3,715 | A method of forming a device with a silicon substrate having upwardly extending first and second fins. A first implantation forms a first source region in the first silicon fin. A second implantation forms a first drain region in the first silicon fin, and second source and drain regions in the second silicon fin. A first channel region extends between the first source and drain regions. A second channel region extends between the second source and drain regions. A first polysilicon deposition is used to form a floating gate that wraps around a first portion of the first channel region. A second polysilicon deposition is used to form an erase gate wrapping around first source region, a word line gate wrapping around a second portion of the first channel region, and a dummy gate wrapping around the second channel region. The dummy gate is replaced with a metal gate. | 1. A method of forming a device, comprising:
providing a silicon substrate with an upper surface and having first and second areas; removing portions of the silicon substrate in the first area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending first silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface, and in the second area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending second silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; performing a first implantation to form a first source region in the first silicon fin; performing a second implantation to form a first drain region in the first silicon fin and to form a second source region and a second drain region in the second silicon fin, wherein the first source region and the first drain region define a first channel region of the first silicon fm extending there between, and wherein the second source region and the second drain region define a second channel region of the second silicon fin extending there between; forming a floating gate disposed over and insulated from a first portion of the first channel region using a first polysilicon deposition, wherein the floating gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin; forming an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the first source region, and a word line gate disposed over and insulated from a second portion of the first channel region, and a dummy gate disposed over and insulated from the second channel region, using a second polysilicon deposition, wherein:
the erase gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin,
the word line gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin,
the dummy gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the second silicon fin; and
replacing the dummy gate with a metal gate that is disposed over and insulated from the second channel region, wherein the metal gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the second silicon fin. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate in the first and second areas of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins, the method further comprising:
recessing the upper surface in the first area of the silicon substrate without recessing the upper surface in the second area of the silicon substrate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the replacing of the dummy gate with the metal gate comprises:
removing the dummy gate from over the second channel region; and forming the metal gate over and insulated from the second channel region using at least one metal deposition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the first implantation is performed after the first polysilicon deposition and before the second polysilicon deposition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins comprises:
forming a first insulation layer on the silicon substrate; forming a second insulation layer on the first insulation layer; forming strips of material on the second insulation layer; forming spacers on the second insulation layer and along the strips of material; removing the strips of material; removing portions of the first and second insulation layers between the spacers to expose portions of the silicon substrate; and performing an etch of the exposed portions of the silicon substrate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins further comprises removing portions of the silicon substrate in the second area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending third silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; the performing the second implantation further includes forming a third source region and a third drain region in the third silicon fin, wherein the third source region and the third drain region define a third channel region of the third silicon fin extending there between; the forming of the dummy gate is performed so that dummy gate is disposed over and insulated from the third channel region and wraps around the top and side surfaces of the third silicon fm; and the replacing the dummy gate with the metal gate is performed so that the metal gate is disposed over and insulated from the third channel region and wraps around the top and side surfaces of the third silicon fin. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming salicide on a top surface of the word line gate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the word line gate is insulated from the second portion of the first channel region by a first oxide layer, and the metal gate is insulated from the second channel region by a layer of high K material and a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating gate is insulated from the first portion of the first channel region by a first oxide layer, the word line gate is insulated from the second portion of the first channel region by a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer, and the metal gate is insulated from the second channel region by a layer of high K material and a third oxide layer different from the second oxide layer. 10. A method of forming a device, comprising:
providing a silicon substrate with an upper surface and having first and second areas; removing portions of the silicon substrate in the first area of the silicon substrate to form a plurality of upwardly extending first silicon fins each having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface, and in the second area of the silicon substrate to form a plurality of upwardly extending second silicon fins each having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; performing a first implantation to form a first source region in each of the first silicon fins; performing a second implantation to form a first drain region in each of the first silicon fins and to form a second source region and a second drain region in each of the second silicon fins, wherein for each of the first silicon fins the first source region and the first drain region define a first channel region of the first silicon fin extending there between, and wherein for each of the second silicon fins the second source region and the second drain region define a second channel region of the second silicon fin extending there between; forming a plurality of floating gates each disposed over and insulated from a first portion of one of the first channel regions using a first polysilicon deposition, wherein each of the floating gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins; forming a plurality of erase gates each disposed over and insulated from one of the first source regions, and a plurality of word line gates each disposed over and insulated from a second portion of one of the first channel regions, and a plurality of dummy gates each disposed over and insulated from one of the second channel regions, using a second polysilicon deposition, wherein:
each of the erase gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins,
each of the word line gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins,
each of the dummy gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the second silicon fins; and
replacing each of the dummy gates with a metal gate that is disposed over and insulated from one of the second channel regions, wherein each of the metal gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the second silicon fins. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein before the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate in the first and second areas of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins, the method further comprising:
recessing the upper surface in the first area of the silicon substrate without recessing the upper surface in the second area of the silicon substrate. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the replacing of the dummy gates with the metal gates comprises:
removing the dummy gates from over the second channel regions; and forming the metal gates over and insulated from the second channel regions using at least one metal deposition. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the performing of the first implantation is performed after the first polysilicon deposition and before the second polysilicon deposition. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins comprises:
forming a first insulation layer on the silicon substrate; forming a second insulation layer on the first insulation layer; forming strips of material on the second insulation layer; forming spacers on the second insulation layer and along the strips of material; removing the strips of material; removing portions of the first and second insulation layers between the spacers to expose portions of the silicon substrate; and performing an etch of the exposed portions of the silicon substrate. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
forming salicide on a top surface of each of the word line gates. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the word line gates are insulated from the second portions of the first channel regions by a first oxide layer, and the metal gates are insulated from the second channel regions by the layer of high K material and a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the floating gates are insulated from the first portions of the first channel regions by a first oxide layer, the word line gates are insulated from the second portions of the first channel regions by a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer, and the metal gates are insulated from the second channel regions by a layer of high K material and a third oxide layer different from the second oxide layer. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of erase gates are formed as a continuous strip of polysilicon, the plurality of word line gates are formed as a continuous strip of polysilicon, and the plurality of metal gates are formed as a continuous strip of metal. | A method of forming a device with a silicon substrate having upwardly extending first and second fins. A first implantation forms a first source region in the first silicon fin. A second implantation forms a first drain region in the first silicon fin, and second source and drain regions in the second silicon fin. A first channel region extends between the first source and drain regions. A second channel region extends between the second source and drain regions. A first polysilicon deposition is used to form a floating gate that wraps around a first portion of the first channel region. A second polysilicon deposition is used to form an erase gate wrapping around first source region, a word line gate wrapping around a second portion of the first channel region, and a dummy gate wrapping around the second channel region. The dummy gate is replaced with a metal gate.1. A method of forming a device, comprising:
providing a silicon substrate with an upper surface and having first and second areas; removing portions of the silicon substrate in the first area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending first silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface, and in the second area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending second silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; performing a first implantation to form a first source region in the first silicon fin; performing a second implantation to form a first drain region in the first silicon fin and to form a second source region and a second drain region in the second silicon fin, wherein the first source region and the first drain region define a first channel region of the first silicon fm extending there between, and wherein the second source region and the second drain region define a second channel region of the second silicon fin extending there between; forming a floating gate disposed over and insulated from a first portion of the first channel region using a first polysilicon deposition, wherein the floating gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin; forming an erase gate disposed over and insulated from the first source region, and a word line gate disposed over and insulated from a second portion of the first channel region, and a dummy gate disposed over and insulated from the second channel region, using a second polysilicon deposition, wherein:
the erase gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin,
the word line gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the first silicon fin,
the dummy gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the second silicon fin; and
replacing the dummy gate with a metal gate that is disposed over and insulated from the second channel region, wherein the metal gate wraps around the top and side surfaces of the second silicon fin. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate in the first and second areas of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins, the method further comprising:
recessing the upper surface in the first area of the silicon substrate without recessing the upper surface in the second area of the silicon substrate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the replacing of the dummy gate with the metal gate comprises:
removing the dummy gate from over the second channel region; and forming the metal gate over and insulated from the second channel region using at least one metal deposition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the first implantation is performed after the first polysilicon deposition and before the second polysilicon deposition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins comprises:
forming a first insulation layer on the silicon substrate; forming a second insulation layer on the first insulation layer; forming strips of material on the second insulation layer; forming spacers on the second insulation layer and along the strips of material; removing the strips of material; removing portions of the first and second insulation layers between the spacers to expose portions of the silicon substrate; and performing an etch of the exposed portions of the silicon substrate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins further comprises removing portions of the silicon substrate in the second area of the silicon substrate to form an upwardly extending third silicon fin having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; the performing the second implantation further includes forming a third source region and a third drain region in the third silicon fin, wherein the third source region and the third drain region define a third channel region of the third silicon fin extending there between; the forming of the dummy gate is performed so that dummy gate is disposed over and insulated from the third channel region and wraps around the top and side surfaces of the third silicon fm; and the replacing the dummy gate with the metal gate is performed so that the metal gate is disposed over and insulated from the third channel region and wraps around the top and side surfaces of the third silicon fin. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming salicide on a top surface of the word line gate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the word line gate is insulated from the second portion of the first channel region by a first oxide layer, and the metal gate is insulated from the second channel region by a layer of high K material and a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the floating gate is insulated from the first portion of the first channel region by a first oxide layer, the word line gate is insulated from the second portion of the first channel region by a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer, and the metal gate is insulated from the second channel region by a layer of high K material and a third oxide layer different from the second oxide layer. 10. A method of forming a device, comprising:
providing a silicon substrate with an upper surface and having first and second areas; removing portions of the silicon substrate in the first area of the silicon substrate to form a plurality of upwardly extending first silicon fins each having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface, and in the second area of the silicon substrate to form a plurality of upwardly extending second silicon fins each having a pair of side surfaces extending up and terminating at a top surface; performing a first implantation to form a first source region in each of the first silicon fins; performing a second implantation to form a first drain region in each of the first silicon fins and to form a second source region and a second drain region in each of the second silicon fins, wherein for each of the first silicon fins the first source region and the first drain region define a first channel region of the first silicon fin extending there between, and wherein for each of the second silicon fins the second source region and the second drain region define a second channel region of the second silicon fin extending there between; forming a plurality of floating gates each disposed over and insulated from a first portion of one of the first channel regions using a first polysilicon deposition, wherein each of the floating gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins; forming a plurality of erase gates each disposed over and insulated from one of the first source regions, and a plurality of word line gates each disposed over and insulated from a second portion of one of the first channel regions, and a plurality of dummy gates each disposed over and insulated from one of the second channel regions, using a second polysilicon deposition, wherein:
each of the erase gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins,
each of the word line gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the first silicon fins,
each of the dummy gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the second silicon fins; and
replacing each of the dummy gates with a metal gate that is disposed over and insulated from one of the second channel regions, wherein each of the metal gates wraps around the top and side surfaces of one of the second silicon fins. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein before the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate in the first and second areas of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins, the method further comprising:
recessing the upper surface in the first area of the silicon substrate without recessing the upper surface in the second area of the silicon substrate. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the replacing of the dummy gates with the metal gates comprises:
removing the dummy gates from over the second channel regions; and forming the metal gates over and insulated from the second channel regions using at least one metal deposition. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the performing of the first implantation is performed after the first polysilicon deposition and before the second polysilicon deposition. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the removing of the portions of the silicon substrate to form the upwardly extending first and second silicon fins comprises:
forming a first insulation layer on the silicon substrate; forming a second insulation layer on the first insulation layer; forming strips of material on the second insulation layer; forming spacers on the second insulation layer and along the strips of material; removing the strips of material; removing portions of the first and second insulation layers between the spacers to expose portions of the silicon substrate; and performing an etch of the exposed portions of the silicon substrate. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
forming salicide on a top surface of each of the word line gates. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the word line gates are insulated from the second portions of the first channel regions by a first oxide layer, and the metal gates are insulated from the second channel regions by the layer of high K material and a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the floating gates are insulated from the first portions of the first channel regions by a first oxide layer, the word line gates are insulated from the second portions of the first channel regions by a second oxide layer different from the first oxide layer, and the metal gates are insulated from the second channel regions by a layer of high K material and a third oxide layer different from the second oxide layer. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the plurality of erase gates are formed as a continuous strip of polysilicon, the plurality of word line gates are formed as a continuous strip of polysilicon, and the plurality of metal gates are formed as a continuous strip of metal. | 3,700 |
344,380 | 16,803,893 | 3,715 | A method for manufacturing a semiconductor element includes providing a semiconductor layer on a carbide substrate, the carbide substrate having a semiconductor layer contact surface connected to the semiconductor layer and a reflective layer contact surface opposite to the semiconductor layer contact surface. A reflective layer is provided on the reflective layer contact surface of the carbide substrate. The reflective layer contains silver and at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles. | 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor element, comprising:
providing a semiconductor layer on a carbide substrate, the carbide substrate having a semiconductor layer contact surface connected to the semiconductor layer and a reflective layer contact surface opposite to the semiconductor layer contact surface; and providing a reflective layer on the reflective layer contact surface of the carbide substrate, the reflective layer containing silver and at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via sputtering or vapor deposition. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via simultaneous sputtering using a silver target and an oxide target, sputtering using an alloy target including silver and an oxide, or vapor deposition using an alloy vapor deposition material including silver and an oxide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via simultaneous sputtering using a silver target and a nitride target, sputtering using an alloy target including silver and a nitride, or vapor deposition using an alloy vapor deposition material including silver and a nitride. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via disposing the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles to be in contact with the carbide substrate or to be in a vicinity of a boundary between the carbide substrate and the reflective layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are dispersed in the reflective layer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are distributed in a vicinity of a boundary between the carbide substrate and the reflective layer. 8. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the amount in which the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are contained in the reflective layer is at least 0.01 wt % and no more than 5 wt % with respect to the total weight of the reflective layer. 9. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the oxide particles and nitride particles include at least one of Si3N4, ZnO, TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, and In2O3. 10. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor element is a semiconductor light emitting element. | A method for manufacturing a semiconductor element includes providing a semiconductor layer on a carbide substrate, the carbide substrate having a semiconductor layer contact surface connected to the semiconductor layer and a reflective layer contact surface opposite to the semiconductor layer contact surface. A reflective layer is provided on the reflective layer contact surface of the carbide substrate. The reflective layer contains silver and at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles.1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor element, comprising:
providing a semiconductor layer on a carbide substrate, the carbide substrate having a semiconductor layer contact surface connected to the semiconductor layer and a reflective layer contact surface opposite to the semiconductor layer contact surface; and providing a reflective layer on the reflective layer contact surface of the carbide substrate, the reflective layer containing silver and at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via sputtering or vapor deposition. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via simultaneous sputtering using a silver target and an oxide target, sputtering using an alloy target including silver and an oxide, or vapor deposition using an alloy vapor deposition material including silver and an oxide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via simultaneous sputtering using a silver target and a nitride target, sputtering using an alloy target including silver and a nitride, or vapor deposition using an alloy vapor deposition material including silver and a nitride. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided via disposing the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles to be in contact with the carbide substrate or to be in a vicinity of a boundary between the carbide substrate and the reflective layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are dispersed in the reflective layer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are distributed in a vicinity of a boundary between the carbide substrate and the reflective layer. 8. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the amount in which the at least one of oxide particles and nitride particles are contained in the reflective layer is at least 0.01 wt % and no more than 5 wt % with respect to the total weight of the reflective layer. 9. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of the oxide particles and nitride particles include at least one of Si3N4, ZnO, TiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, and In2O3. 10. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor element according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor element is a semiconductor light emitting element. | 3,700 |
344,381 | 16,803,885 | 3,715 | A method for forming a semiconductor structure is provided. The method includes depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate. The method further includes depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer. The method further includes exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer. The method further includes removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures. | 1. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; and removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the silver precursor layer comprises applying a silver precursor solution onto a surface of the hard mask layer in a dark environment that is substantially absence of light. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein applying the silver precursor solution onto the surface of the hard mask layer comprises applying the silver precursor solution using spin-on coating, spray coating, dip coating, or screen printing. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming the silver precursor solution, wherein forming the silver precursor solution comprises dissolving one or more silver salts into a solvent. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more silver salts comprise silver fluoride, silver chloride, and silver bromide. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the solvent comprises water or an alcohol. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises passing the radiation through a photomask with a predefine pattern. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises modulating the radiation with a predefined pattern. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises exposing the silver precursor layer to a gamma ray radiation. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing silver on the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising etching the hard mask layer and the substrate using the plurality of patterned silver structures as an etch mask. 12. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer by a developer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures; depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures; and depositing a dielectric layer over the hard mask layer and the plurality of the patterned silver structures. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures comprises depositing silver using atomic layer deposition or electroless plating. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the silver precursor layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 3 nm. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein depositing the dielectric layer comprises depositing silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, fluorine doped silicon dioxide, or carbon doped silicon dioxide. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising forming isolation structures between the plurality of patterned silver structures, wherein forming the isolation structures comprises removing portions of the dielectric layer from surfaces of the plurality of patterned silver structures. 17. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer over a substrate; forming a hard mask layer over the ILD layer; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures; depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures; forming at least one contact opening within the hard mask layer and the ILD layer using the plurality of patterned silver structures as an etch mask; depositing a contact liner layer along sidewall and bottom surfaces of the at least one contact opening and over the plurality of patterned silver structures; and depositing a contact material layer over the contact liner layer to fill the at least one contact opening, wherein the contact liner layer and the contact material layer comprise silver. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising removing portions of the contact liner layer and the contact material layer from the plurality of patterned silver structures. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising removing the plurality of patterned silver structures and the hard mask layer from the ILD layer. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the radiation is a gamma ray radiation. | A method for forming a semiconductor structure is provided. The method includes depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate. The method further includes depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer. The method further includes exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer. The method further includes removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures.1. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; and removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing the silver precursor layer comprises applying a silver precursor solution onto a surface of the hard mask layer in a dark environment that is substantially absence of light. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein applying the silver precursor solution onto the surface of the hard mask layer comprises applying the silver precursor solution using spin-on coating, spray coating, dip coating, or screen printing. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising forming the silver precursor solution, wherein forming the silver precursor solution comprises dissolving one or more silver salts into a solvent. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more silver salts comprise silver fluoride, silver chloride, and silver bromide. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the solvent comprises water or an alcohol. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises passing the radiation through a photomask with a predefine pattern. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises modulating the radiation with a predefined pattern. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing the portions of the silver precursor layer to the radiation comprises exposing the silver precursor layer to a gamma ray radiation. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising depositing silver on the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising etching the hard mask layer and the substrate using the plurality of patterned silver structures as an etch mask. 12. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing a hard mask layer over a substrate; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer by a developer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures; depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures; and depositing a dielectric layer over the hard mask layer and the plurality of the patterned silver structures. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures comprises depositing silver using atomic layer deposition or electroless plating. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the silver precursor layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 3 nm. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein depositing the dielectric layer comprises depositing silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, fluorine doped silicon dioxide, or carbon doped silicon dioxide. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising forming isolation structures between the plurality of patterned silver structures, wherein forming the isolation structures comprises removing portions of the dielectric layer from surfaces of the plurality of patterned silver structures. 17. A method for forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
depositing an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer over a substrate; forming a hard mask layer over the ILD layer; depositing a silver precursor layer over the hard mask layer; exposing portions of the silver precursor layer to a radiation, the radiation causing a reduction of silver ions in the irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer; removing non-irradiated portions of the silver precursor layer, resulting in a plurality of silver seed structures; depositing silver over the plurality of silver seed structures to provide a plurality of patterned silver structures; forming at least one contact opening within the hard mask layer and the ILD layer using the plurality of patterned silver structures as an etch mask; depositing a contact liner layer along sidewall and bottom surfaces of the at least one contact opening and over the plurality of patterned silver structures; and depositing a contact material layer over the contact liner layer to fill the at least one contact opening, wherein the contact liner layer and the contact material layer comprise silver. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising removing portions of the contact liner layer and the contact material layer from the plurality of patterned silver structures. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising removing the plurality of patterned silver structures and the hard mask layer from the ILD layer. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the radiation is a gamma ray radiation. | 3,700 |
344,382 | 16,803,865 | 3,715 | Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system that may include a replaceable module and a user device. The replaceable module may include an element and a one-wire authentication element in parallel with the element. The user device may be configured for operable coupling with the replaceable module. The user device may include a power source configured to provide power to the element, an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module, and a signal conditioning unit arranged in a communication path between the one-wire authentication element and the authentication unit. | 1. A system comprising:
a replaceable module comprising:
an element; and
a one-wire authentication element in parallel with the element; and
a user device configured for operable coupling with the replaceable module, the user device comprising:
a power source configured to provide power to the element;
an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module; and
a signal conditioning unit arranged in a communication path between the one-wire authentication element and the authentication unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element has an impedance of at least ten times greater than an impedance of the element. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the element and the one-wire authentication element are arranged in parallel such that the element and the one-wire authentication element form a first current path and a second current path, respectively. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the replaceable module is configured to divide a first current into a second current along the first current path and a third current along the second current path and wherein the third current is usable by the one-wire authentication element to modulate the first current. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the replaceable module further comprises:
a first line electrically coupled to a first side of the element and to an input/output pin of the one-wire authentication element; and a second line electrically coupled to a second side of the element and to a ground pin of the one-wire authentication element. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to send and receive signals at one input/output. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to modulate a first current by altering a second current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to provide an authentication response to an authentication challenge. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal conditioning unit is configured to receive a signal from the one-wire authentication element, condition the signal, and provide the conditioned signal to the authentication unit. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein conditioning the signal comprises one or more of: removing an offset voltage of the signal, filtering the signal, amplifying the signal, and shaping the signal. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the user device comprises a switch controlled by the authentication unit and wherein the authentication unit is configured to use the switch to allow current to flow through the replaceable module in response to verification of the authenticity of the replaceable module and wherein the authentication unit is configured to prevent current from flowing through the replaceable module in response to failure of verification of the authenticity of the replaceable module. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a switch arranged to allow current to flow through the replaceable module when the switch is closed and to prevent current from flowing through the replaceable module when the switch is open, the switch controlled by the authentication unit, the authentication unit configured to control the switch to communicate to the one-wire authentication element. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the authentication unit is configured to communicate an authentication challenge to the replaceable module by controlling the switch and the one-wire authentication element is configured to communicate an authentication response by altering a current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the user device further comprises signal-conditioning circuitry configured to: receive a signal from the one-wire authentication element based on the altered current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element, condition the signal, and provide the conditioned signal to the authentication unit. 15. A system, comprising:
a replaceable module comprising:
a catalyzing element; and
an authentication element,
a user device configured for operable coupling to the replaceable module; an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module, and to permit operable coupling between the user device and the replaceable module responsive to verifying the authenticity of the replaceable module; and a communication interface arranged between the authentication unit and the authentication element of the replaceable module. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein, while operably coupled, the replaceable module and the user device form a system configured to perform a process that would deplete an item disposed within an item region. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication interface comprises signal-conditioning circuitry. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein permitting operable coupling comprises permitting flow of power to the catalyzing element of the replaceable module. 19. A method, the method comprising:
connecting a replaceable module to a user device, the replaceable module and the user device,
when operably coupled, forming a system that performs a process for depleting an item;
receiving an authentication response; conditioning a first signal carrying the authentication response thereby generating a conditioned signal carrying the authentication response that is detectable by an authentication unit; performing a verification process using the authentication response carried by the conditioned signal; in response to performing the verification process:
operably coupling the replaceable module to the user device in response to verifying the authentication response; or
refraining from operably coupling the replaceable module to the user device in response to failing to verify the authentication response. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditioning the first signal carrying the authentication response comprises removing an offset present in the first signal. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditioning the first signal carrying the authentication response comprises:
obtaining a filtered signal by filtering the first signal; obtaining an amplified signal by amplifying the filtered signal; and obtaining a digital signal by waveform shaping the amplified signal. | Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a system that may include a replaceable module and a user device. The replaceable module may include an element and a one-wire authentication element in parallel with the element. The user device may be configured for operable coupling with the replaceable module. The user device may include a power source configured to provide power to the element, an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module, and a signal conditioning unit arranged in a communication path between the one-wire authentication element and the authentication unit.1. A system comprising:
a replaceable module comprising:
an element; and
a one-wire authentication element in parallel with the element; and
a user device configured for operable coupling with the replaceable module, the user device comprising:
a power source configured to provide power to the element;
an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module; and
a signal conditioning unit arranged in a communication path between the one-wire authentication element and the authentication unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element has an impedance of at least ten times greater than an impedance of the element. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the element and the one-wire authentication element are arranged in parallel such that the element and the one-wire authentication element form a first current path and a second current path, respectively. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the replaceable module is configured to divide a first current into a second current along the first current path and a third current along the second current path and wherein the third current is usable by the one-wire authentication element to modulate the first current. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the replaceable module further comprises:
a first line electrically coupled to a first side of the element and to an input/output pin of the one-wire authentication element; and a second line electrically coupled to a second side of the element and to a ground pin of the one-wire authentication element. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to send and receive signals at one input/output. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to modulate a first current by altering a second current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one-wire authentication element is configured to provide an authentication response to an authentication challenge. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal conditioning unit is configured to receive a signal from the one-wire authentication element, condition the signal, and provide the conditioned signal to the authentication unit. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein conditioning the signal comprises one or more of: removing an offset voltage of the signal, filtering the signal, amplifying the signal, and shaping the signal. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the user device comprises a switch controlled by the authentication unit and wherein the authentication unit is configured to use the switch to allow current to flow through the replaceable module in response to verification of the authenticity of the replaceable module and wherein the authentication unit is configured to prevent current from flowing through the replaceable module in response to failure of verification of the authenticity of the replaceable module. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a switch arranged to allow current to flow through the replaceable module when the switch is closed and to prevent current from flowing through the replaceable module when the switch is open, the switch controlled by the authentication unit, the authentication unit configured to control the switch to communicate to the one-wire authentication element. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the authentication unit is configured to communicate an authentication challenge to the replaceable module by controlling the switch and the one-wire authentication element is configured to communicate an authentication response by altering a current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the user device further comprises signal-conditioning circuitry configured to: receive a signal from the one-wire authentication element based on the altered current permitted to flow through the one-wire authentication element, condition the signal, and provide the conditioned signal to the authentication unit. 15. A system, comprising:
a replaceable module comprising:
a catalyzing element; and
an authentication element,
a user device configured for operable coupling to the replaceable module; an authentication unit configured to perform a verification process for verifying authenticity of the replaceable module, and to permit operable coupling between the user device and the replaceable module responsive to verifying the authenticity of the replaceable module; and a communication interface arranged between the authentication unit and the authentication element of the replaceable module. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein, while operably coupled, the replaceable module and the user device form a system configured to perform a process that would deplete an item disposed within an item region. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the communication interface comprises signal-conditioning circuitry. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein permitting operable coupling comprises permitting flow of power to the catalyzing element of the replaceable module. 19. A method, the method comprising:
connecting a replaceable module to a user device, the replaceable module and the user device,
when operably coupled, forming a system that performs a process for depleting an item;
receiving an authentication response; conditioning a first signal carrying the authentication response thereby generating a conditioned signal carrying the authentication response that is detectable by an authentication unit; performing a verification process using the authentication response carried by the conditioned signal; in response to performing the verification process:
operably coupling the replaceable module to the user device in response to verifying the authentication response; or
refraining from operably coupling the replaceable module to the user device in response to failing to verify the authentication response. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditioning the first signal carrying the authentication response comprises removing an offset present in the first signal. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditioning the first signal carrying the authentication response comprises:
obtaining a filtered signal by filtering the first signal; obtaining an amplified signal by amplifying the filtered signal; and obtaining a digital signal by waveform shaping the amplified signal. | 3,700 |
344,383 | 16,803,836 | 3,715 | In various implementations, methods and systems resource balancing in a distributed computing environment are provided. A client defined resource metric is received that represents a resource of nodes of the cloud computing platform. A placement plan for job instances of service applications is generated. The placement plan includes one or more movements that are executable to achieve a target placement of the job instances on the nodes. It is determined that the placement plan complies with placement rules. Each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes. The placement plan is executed based on determining that the target placement of the job instances improves balance of resources across the nodes of the cloud computing platform based on the resource represented by the client defined resource metric. | 1. A computerized system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and computer memory storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more computer processors, cause the one or more computer processors to perform operations comprising: generating a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
comparing a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, selecting the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on identifying an insufficient placement plan associated with the plurality job instances, wherein the insufficient placement plan violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules; and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein, after the one or more movements, each node location of the plurality of job instances is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing the first placement plan. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the operations further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. 8. One or more computer-storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed by a computing system having a processor and memory, cause the processor to:
generate a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
compare a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, select the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 9. The media of claim 8, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on identifying an insufficient placement plan associated with the plurality job instances, wherein the insufficient placement plan violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules; and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 10. The media of claim 8, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics. 11. The media of claim 10, wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein each node location of the plurality of job instances after the one or more movements is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 12. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing. 13. The media of claim 8, removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 14. The media of claim 8, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the operations further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. 15. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
comparing a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, selecting the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on determining that an insufficient placement plan for the plurality job instances violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules, and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics,
wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein each node location of the plurality of job instances after the one or more movements is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 18. The method of claim 15, the method further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing. 19. The method of claim 15, the method further comprising removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the method further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. | In various implementations, methods and systems resource balancing in a distributed computing environment are provided. A client defined resource metric is received that represents a resource of nodes of the cloud computing platform. A placement plan for job instances of service applications is generated. The placement plan includes one or more movements that are executable to achieve a target placement of the job instances on the nodes. It is determined that the placement plan complies with placement rules. Each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes. The placement plan is executed based on determining that the target placement of the job instances improves balance of resources across the nodes of the cloud computing platform based on the resource represented by the client defined resource metric.1. A computerized system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and computer memory storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more computer processors, cause the one or more computer processors to perform operations comprising: generating a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
comparing a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, selecting the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on identifying an insufficient placement plan associated with the plurality job instances, wherein the insufficient placement plan violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules; and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein, after the one or more movements, each node location of the plurality of job instances is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing the first placement plan. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the operations further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. 8. One or more computer-storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon that, when executed by a computing system having a processor and memory, cause the processor to:
generate a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
compare a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, select the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 9. The media of claim 8, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on identifying an insufficient placement plan associated with the plurality job instances, wherein the insufficient placement plan violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules; and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 10. The media of claim 8, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics. 11. The media of claim 10, wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein each node location of the plurality of job instances after the one or more movements is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 12. The media of claim 8, the instructions further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing. 13. The media of claim 8, removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 14. The media of claim 8, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the operations further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. 15. A computer-implemented method, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of placement plans, wherein placement plans define one or more movements of a plurality of job instances to node locations identified in corresponding placement plans;
comparing a first placement plan to a second placement plan using a multi-factor score, wherein the multi-factor score is defined based on at least one of the following: a cost factor and a resource balance factor;
based on comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan, selecting the first placement plan; and executing the first placement plan. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the generating of a placement plan is based on determining that an insufficient placement plan for the plurality job instances violates at least one placement rule of a plurality of placement rules, and
wherein a placement plan is selected based on determining that a placement score of the placement plan exceeds a placement score of a previous placement plan for the plurality of job instances. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and wherein the cost factor is defined based on a number of movements of the plurality of job instances and the resource balance factor is defined based on one or more balances that quantify the balance of one or more of the resources defined by the resource metrics,
wherein the resource metrics are calculated for one or more nodes associated with the plurality of job instances in target placements of the plurality of job instances, wherein each node location of the plurality of job instances after the one or more movements is defined as a target placement for a corresponding job instance in the plurality of job instances. 18. The method of claim 15, the method further comprising:
generating an intermediate placement plan for the job instances; determining that the intermediate placement plan complies with placement rules, the placement rules comprising client-defined placement rules or system-defined placement rules, wherein each placement rule dictates whether a given job instance of the job instances is suitable for placement on a given node of the nodes; probabilistically replacing a previously preferred placement plan for the job instances with the intermediate placement plan, wherein the intermediate placement plan diminishes the multi-factor score with respect to the previous preferred placement plan; and replacing the intermediate placement plan with the previous preferred placement plan for the executing. 19. The method of claim 15, the method further comprising removing a subset of placement plans from the plurality of placement plans prior to comparing the first placement plan to the second placement plan based on the multi-factor score. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein in each iteration, in generating the first placement plan, the method further comprising:
receiving, from a client, a designation of a subset of client-defined resource metrics to a particular job instance of the job instances wherein, at least one of the reports is from the particular job instance and specifies the utilization for the subset of the client-defined resource metrics by the particular job instance based on the designation. | 3,700 |
344,384 | 16,803,834 | 3,715 | The present disclosure relates generally to dynamic translation of text and/or audio data. The client instance hosted by one or more data centers and accessible by one or more remote client networks. In accordance with the present approach, a translation request is received from a user via a client device, wherein the translation request is associated with an untranslated file and a target language. Further, a source language of the untranslated file is identified. Further still, the untranslated file and the target language are outputted to a third party translation service. Even further, a translated file based on the target language, the untranslated file and a source language of the untranslated file is received. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory, machine-readable medium; and one or more processors configured to execute instructions stored in the non-transitory, machine-readable media to perform operations comprising:
receiving a text-based communication from a first user device, wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a first spoken language;
identifying a second user device to receive the text-based communication;
determining that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language and a target language associated with the second user device, wherein the target language is a second spoken language;
generating a translation request in response to determining that the source language does not match the target language, wherein the translation request is associated with the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language;
outputting the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language to a third-party translation service;
receiving a translated text-based communication based on the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language; and
outputting the translated text-based communication to the second user device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise:
determining that the text-based communication comprises the untranslated text-based communication in response to identifying the second user device. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the text-based communication comprises subtitles associated with a video. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise identifying the source language associated with the first user device based on a geographic location associated with the first user device, language preferences associated with the first user device, or both. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise identifying the target language associated with the second user device based on a geographic location associated with the second user device, language preferences associated with the second user device, or both. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a library of vocabulary, abbreviations, synonyms, or any combination thereof associated with the first user device; and outputting the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, the target language, and the library to the third-party translation service. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the operations comprise storing the translated text-based communication in a database accessible by the one or more processors. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the text-based communication is associated with one or more fields of a form; and wherein the operations comprise:
generating a translated form based on the translated text-based communication; and outputting the translated form to the second user device. 29. A method, comprising:
receiving, via processor, a text-based communication from a user device, wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a spoken language; identifying, via the processor, a plurality of additional user devices to receive the text-based communication; in response to identifying the plurality of additional user devices, determining, via the processor, that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language and a plurality of target languages associated with the plurality of additional user devices, wherein the plurality of target languages are a plurality of additional spoken languages; generating, via the processor, a translation request in response to determining that the source language does not match the plurality of target languages, wherein the translation request is associated with the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages; outputting, via the processor, the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages to a third-party translation service; receiving, via the processor, a plurality of translated text-based communications based on the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages; and outputting, via the processor, the plurality of translated text-based communications to the plurality of additional user devices. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein outputting, via the processor, the plurality of translated text-based communications to the plurality of additional user devices comprises:
outputting a translated text-based communication of the plurality of translated text-based communications to each additional user device of the plurality of user devices based on a target language of the plurality of target languages associated with each additional user device of the plurality of user devices. 31. The method of claim 29, comprising receiving, via the processor, a user input indicative of a preferred third-party translation service; and
outputting, via the processor, the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages to the third-party translation service based on the user input. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the text-based communication is associated with an email, a message in a chat window, an input text field of a form, or any combination thereof. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the text-based communication is a document to be shared with the plurality of additional user devices. 34. The method of claim 29, comprising identifying the plurality of target languages associated with the plurality of additional user devices based on a geographic location associated with each additional user device of the plurality of additional user devices. 35. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium, comprising instructions that are executable by a processor, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
receive a text-based communication from a first user device, wherein the text-based communication is being sent to a second user device, and wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a first spoken language; in response to receiving the text-based communication, determine that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language of the text-based communication to a target language associated with the second user device; output the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language to a third-party translation service to generate a translated text-based communication; and receive the translated text-based communication and outputting the translated text-based communication to the second user device. 36. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is received in response to a user input indicative of a selection of actionable content displayed on a form. 37. The medium of claim 35, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
display text associated with the translated text-based communication and text associated with the untranslated text-based communication on a display of the second user device. 38. The medium of claim 35, wherein a translation quality of the translated text-based communication is verified by a reviewer before the translated file is outputted to the second user device. 39. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is associated with an email, a message in a chat window, an input text field of a form, or any combination thereof. 40. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is associated with one or more fields of a form; and wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
generate a translated form based on the translated text-based communication; and output the translated form to the second user device. | The present disclosure relates generally to dynamic translation of text and/or audio data. The client instance hosted by one or more data centers and accessible by one or more remote client networks. In accordance with the present approach, a translation request is received from a user via a client device, wherein the translation request is associated with an untranslated file and a target language. Further, a source language of the untranslated file is identified. Further still, the untranslated file and the target language are outputted to a third party translation service. Even further, a translated file based on the target language, the untranslated file and a source language of the untranslated file is received.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory, machine-readable medium; and one or more processors configured to execute instructions stored in the non-transitory, machine-readable media to perform operations comprising:
receiving a text-based communication from a first user device, wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a first spoken language;
identifying a second user device to receive the text-based communication;
determining that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language and a target language associated with the second user device, wherein the target language is a second spoken language;
generating a translation request in response to determining that the source language does not match the target language, wherein the translation request is associated with the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language;
outputting the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language to a third-party translation service;
receiving a translated text-based communication based on the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language; and
outputting the translated text-based communication to the second user device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise:
determining that the text-based communication comprises the untranslated text-based communication in response to identifying the second user device. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the text-based communication comprises subtitles associated with a video. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise identifying the source language associated with the first user device based on a geographic location associated with the first user device, language preferences associated with the first user device, or both. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise identifying the target language associated with the second user device based on a geographic location associated with the second user device, language preferences associated with the second user device, or both. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a library of vocabulary, abbreviations, synonyms, or any combination thereof associated with the first user device; and outputting the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, the target language, and the library to the third-party translation service. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the operations comprise storing the translated text-based communication in a database accessible by the one or more processors. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the text-based communication is associated with one or more fields of a form; and wherein the operations comprise:
generating a translated form based on the translated text-based communication; and outputting the translated form to the second user device. 29. A method, comprising:
receiving, via processor, a text-based communication from a user device, wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a spoken language; identifying, via the processor, a plurality of additional user devices to receive the text-based communication; in response to identifying the plurality of additional user devices, determining, via the processor, that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language and a plurality of target languages associated with the plurality of additional user devices, wherein the plurality of target languages are a plurality of additional spoken languages; generating, via the processor, a translation request in response to determining that the source language does not match the plurality of target languages, wherein the translation request is associated with the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages; outputting, via the processor, the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages to a third-party translation service; receiving, via the processor, a plurality of translated text-based communications based on the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages; and outputting, via the processor, the plurality of translated text-based communications to the plurality of additional user devices. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein outputting, via the processor, the plurality of translated text-based communications to the plurality of additional user devices comprises:
outputting a translated text-based communication of the plurality of translated text-based communications to each additional user device of the plurality of user devices based on a target language of the plurality of target languages associated with each additional user device of the plurality of user devices. 31. The method of claim 29, comprising receiving, via the processor, a user input indicative of a preferred third-party translation service; and
outputting, via the processor, the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the plurality of target languages to the third-party translation service based on the user input. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the text-based communication is associated with an email, a message in a chat window, an input text field of a form, or any combination thereof. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the text-based communication is a document to be shared with the plurality of additional user devices. 34. The method of claim 29, comprising identifying the plurality of target languages associated with the plurality of additional user devices based on a geographic location associated with each additional user device of the plurality of additional user devices. 35. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium, comprising instructions that are executable by a processor, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
receive a text-based communication from a first user device, wherein the text-based communication is being sent to a second user device, and wherein the text-based communication comprises a source language that is a first spoken language; in response to receiving the text-based communication, determine that the text-based communication comprises an untranslated text-based communication based on a comparison between the source language of the text-based communication to a target language associated with the second user device; output the untranslated text-based communication, the source language, and the target language to a third-party translation service to generate a translated text-based communication; and receive the translated text-based communication and outputting the translated text-based communication to the second user device. 36. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is received in response to a user input indicative of a selection of actionable content displayed on a form. 37. The medium of claim 35, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
display text associated with the translated text-based communication and text associated with the untranslated text-based communication on a display of the second user device. 38. The medium of claim 35, wherein a translation quality of the translated text-based communication is verified by a reviewer before the translated file is outputted to the second user device. 39. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is associated with an email, a message in a chat window, an input text field of a form, or any combination thereof. 40. The medium of claim 35, wherein the text-based communication is associated with one or more fields of a form; and wherein the instructions comprise instructions to:
generate a translated form based on the translated text-based communication; and output the translated form to the second user device. | 3,700 |
344,385 | 16,803,869 | 3,715 | Described herein is a cooking pot comprising (a) a food vessel that has an opening in the shape of an oval or a polygon with more than two sides, and (b) a lid sized and shaped to substantially cover the opening of the food vessel. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lid has a ring protruding from the bottom face, concentric about a vertical axis of the vessel. When the lid is rotated about the vertical axis at an angle from a closed position, the protruding ring is positioned adjacent to an interior edge of the vessel, corners or vertices of the opening are uncovered, and corresponding corners or vertices of the lid hang over the vessel exterior. | 1. A cooking pot comprising:
(a) a food vessel having a base and a wall extending upwardly from and about a perimeter of the base, wherein said wall forms an opening in the shape of an oval or a polygon with more than two sides; and (b) a lid sized and shaped to substantially cover the opening of the food vessel of (a) when the lid is disposed in a first position relative to the opening, wherein
a bottom face of said lid has a ring protruding therefrom concentric about a vertical axis of the vessel, and
when the lid is disposed in a second position relative to the opening,
the lid is rotated about the vertical axis at an angle from the first position,
the ring is positioned adjacent to an interior edge of the opening,
corners or vertices of the opening are uncovered, and
corners or vertices of said lid hang over an exterior edge of the wall. 2. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the base of food vessel and the opening are of different shapes. 3. The cooking pot of claim 2 further comprising one or more additional rings protruding from the bottom face concentric about the vertical axis and within the ring of (b). 4. The cooking pot of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional rings protruding from the bottom face concentric about the vertical axis and within the ring of (b). 5. The cooking pot of any one of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 6. The cooking pot of any one of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 7. The cooking pot of any one of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 8. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 9. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 10. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 11. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 12. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 13. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 14. The cooking pot of claim 8, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 15. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 16. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 17. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 18. The cooking pot of claim 8, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 19. The cooking pot of claim 11, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 20. Use of the cooking pot of claim 1 for the preparation of food by heat. | Described herein is a cooking pot comprising (a) a food vessel that has an opening in the shape of an oval or a polygon with more than two sides, and (b) a lid sized and shaped to substantially cover the opening of the food vessel. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lid has a ring protruding from the bottom face, concentric about a vertical axis of the vessel. When the lid is rotated about the vertical axis at an angle from a closed position, the protruding ring is positioned adjacent to an interior edge of the vessel, corners or vertices of the opening are uncovered, and corresponding corners or vertices of the lid hang over the vessel exterior.1. A cooking pot comprising:
(a) a food vessel having a base and a wall extending upwardly from and about a perimeter of the base, wherein said wall forms an opening in the shape of an oval or a polygon with more than two sides; and (b) a lid sized and shaped to substantially cover the opening of the food vessel of (a) when the lid is disposed in a first position relative to the opening, wherein
a bottom face of said lid has a ring protruding therefrom concentric about a vertical axis of the vessel, and
when the lid is disposed in a second position relative to the opening,
the lid is rotated about the vertical axis at an angle from the first position,
the ring is positioned adjacent to an interior edge of the opening,
corners or vertices of the opening are uncovered, and
corners or vertices of said lid hang over an exterior edge of the wall. 2. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the base of food vessel and the opening are of different shapes. 3. The cooking pot of claim 2 further comprising one or more additional rings protruding from the bottom face concentric about the vertical axis and within the ring of (b). 4. The cooking pot of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional rings protruding from the bottom face concentric about the vertical axis and within the ring of (b). 5. The cooking pot of any one of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 6. The cooking pot of any one of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 7. The cooking pot of any one of claim 4, further comprising a plurality of dots protruding from the bottom face within the protruded ring of (b). 8. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 9. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 10. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the lid and the opening are in the shape of a square. 11. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 12. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 13. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 14. The cooking pot of claim 8, wherein the base of the food vessel is circular. 15. The cooking pot of claim 1, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 16. The cooking pot of claim 2, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 17. The cooking pot of claim 4, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 18. The cooking pot of claim 8, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 19. The cooking pot of claim 11, wherein the angle of rotation of the lid between the first and second position is about 45 degrees. 20. Use of the cooking pot of claim 1 for the preparation of food by heat. | 3,700 |
344,386 | 16,803,894 | 3,715 | Techniques are described for automatically reducing cheating in an interactive execution environment, such as to perform automated operations to detect and stop use of cheat software in an online game environment, and to restrict subsequent access to the online game environment for users who are identified as using cheat software. The techniques may include using deep learning techniques to train one or more models to classify particular types of gameplay actions as being unauthorized if cheat software use is detected, including to determine a likelihood of whether a separate cheat detection decision system would decide that particular gameplay actions are authorized or not authorized if the additional cheat detection decision system assesses those gameplay actions, and then using the trained model(s) and in some cases the additional cheat detection decision system for the cheat software detection and prevention. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining, for each of multiple users interacting with an interactive computing environment, that a trained machine learning model classifies observed actions of the user as unauthorized; obtaining, for each of one or more first users of the multiple users, a verification that the observed actions of the first user are not unauthorized; and updating the trained machine learning model to reflect that, for each of the first users, the observed actions of the first user are not unauthorized. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving training data about a plurality of decisions each specifying whether actions of a user in an interactive computing environment result in access of the user to the interactive computing environment being restricted due to use of cheat software to assist the actions; and training, based on the received training data, the machine learning model to classify observed actions of a user as authorized or unauthorized. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein the receiving of the training data includes obtaining information about prior decisions made for a plurality of prior actions of other users in the interactive computing environment that specify whether the plurality of prior actions previously resulted in the access being restricted of the other users to the interactive computing environment, the method further comprising using the trained machine learning model to determine a likelihood that the observed actions of the user will result in the access being restricted of the user to the interactive computing environment, and identifying the determined likelihood as exceeding a defined threshold for unauthorized actions. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein training the machine learning model comprises training a deep neural network model. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, for each of one or more second users of the multiple users, a verification that the observed actions of the second user are unauthorized; and restricting, the access of each of the second users to the interactive computing environment. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein obtaining a verification that the observed actions of the second user are unauthorized comprises interacting with one or more other cheat software detection systems that are separate from the machine learning model and that further assess the observed actions of the second user. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the interactive computing environment comprises an interactive gaming environment, and the observed actions comprise gameplay actions of the user. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium with stored contents that cause a computing system to perform automated operations, including:
determining, using a trained model, that observed actions of a user in an interactive execution environment will result in access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being similar to other unauthorized actions; obtaining, based at least in part on the determining, a decision of whether the observed actions of the user are unauthorized and result in the access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being assisted by the use of unauthorized software; and using the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment, including restricting the access of the user to the interactive execution environment if the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and otherwise updating the trained model to reflect that the observed actions of the user are not unauthorized. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein obtaining a decision of whether the observed actions of the user are unauthorized and result in the access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being assisted by the use of the unauthorized software includes interacting with one or more other unauthorized software detection systems that further assess the observed actions. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and wherein the using of the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment includes at least one of:
banning the user from accessing the interactive execution environment;
suspending the user from use of the interactive execution environment for at least one of a defined period of time or until one or more specified criteria are satisfied; or
reducing a trust score assigned to the user that affects how the interactive execution environment provides functionality to the user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and wherein the using of the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment includes adding one or more penalty indications to an accumulation for the user that results in other restrictions on the user when the accumulation reaches a specified threshold. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the interactive execution environment is an online game environment, wherein the observed actions of the user are gameplay actions, wherein the unauthorized software is cheat software executed on a client computing device of the user, and wherein the restricting of the access includes blocking use by the user of the online game environment for at least a specified amount of time. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the determining includes using the trained model to classify user actions in the interactive execution environment as being unauthorized and resulting in access to the interactive execution environment being restricted if a review of the user actions by one or more other unauthorized software detection systems would determine that the user actions are assisted by use of unauthorized software. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause the computing system to train, before the determining, the model for use in future classifying of user actions in the interactive execution environment as being assisted by unauthorized software use or not being assisted by unauthorized software use, including obtaining and using training data about a plurality of decisions each specifying whether indicated user actions in the interactive execution environment result in access being restricted to the interactive execution environment due to use of unauthorized software to assist the user actions. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein the model is a deep neural network. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein training of the model includes using deep learning techniques. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein the determining includes, before the interacting with the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems, using the trained model to determine a likelihood that the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems will decide that the observed actions of the user are assisted by the use of the unauthorized software, and identifying the determined likelihood as exceeding a defined threshold for unauthorized user actions. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause one or more computing systems to perform operations of at least one of the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems, including obtaining input from multiple other users of the interactive execution environment about wherein the observed actions of the user are assisted by the use of the unauthorized software. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause a client computing device of the user to perform operations of at least one of the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems by examining at least one of memory on the client computing device or storage on the client computing device for one or more known unauthorized software programs. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more hardware processors; and one or more memories with stored instructions that, when executed by at least one of the one or more hardware processors, cause the system to perform automated operations that include:
determining that observed actions of a user in an interactive computing environment are unauthorized due to being similar to other actions that are assisted by use of cheat software, wherein the determining includes using a model trained to classify user actions in the interactive computing environment as being assisted by use of cheat software or not assisted by use of cheat software;
obtaining, based at least in part on the determining, a decision that the observed actions of the user are unauthorized due to being assisted by the use of cheat software; and
providing information about at least one of the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized or the decision that the observed actions of the user are unauthorized,
wherein the model indicates additional observed actions of a second user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized due to being similar to other actions that are assisted by use of cheat software, and wherein the stored instructions further cause the system to perform additional operations for a model training component that include at least, in response to a second obtained decision that the additional observed actions of the second user are not being assisted by the use of cheat software, updating the model to reflect that the additional observed actions of the second user are not being assisted by the use of cheat software. 21. The system of claim 20 wherein the stored instructions further cause the system to use the obtained decision to restrict access of the user to the interactive computing environment. 22. The system of claim 21 wherein using of the obtained decision to restrict access of the user to the interactive computing environment includes preventing the access of the user to the interactive computing environment for at least one of a defined period of time or until one or more specified criteria are satisfied. 23. The system of claim 20 wherein the model is further trained to classify the user actions in the interactive computing environment as belonging to one of a plurality of types of unauthorized user actions, and wherein the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized includes identifying one of the plurality of types of unauthorized user actions to which the observed actions of the user belong. 24. The system of claim 20 wherein the model is further trained to classify the user actions in the interactive computing environment as being assisted by use of one of a plurality of types of cheat software, and wherein the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized includes identifying one of the plurality of types of cheat software used to assist the observed actions of the user. | Techniques are described for automatically reducing cheating in an interactive execution environment, such as to perform automated operations to detect and stop use of cheat software in an online game environment, and to restrict subsequent access to the online game environment for users who are identified as using cheat software. The techniques may include using deep learning techniques to train one or more models to classify particular types of gameplay actions as being unauthorized if cheat software use is detected, including to determine a likelihood of whether a separate cheat detection decision system would decide that particular gameplay actions are authorized or not authorized if the additional cheat detection decision system assesses those gameplay actions, and then using the trained model(s) and in some cases the additional cheat detection decision system for the cheat software detection and prevention.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining, for each of multiple users interacting with an interactive computing environment, that a trained machine learning model classifies observed actions of the user as unauthorized; obtaining, for each of one or more first users of the multiple users, a verification that the observed actions of the first user are not unauthorized; and updating the trained machine learning model to reflect that, for each of the first users, the observed actions of the first user are not unauthorized. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving training data about a plurality of decisions each specifying whether actions of a user in an interactive computing environment result in access of the user to the interactive computing environment being restricted due to use of cheat software to assist the actions; and training, based on the received training data, the machine learning model to classify observed actions of a user as authorized or unauthorized. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein the receiving of the training data includes obtaining information about prior decisions made for a plurality of prior actions of other users in the interactive computing environment that specify whether the plurality of prior actions previously resulted in the access being restricted of the other users to the interactive computing environment, the method further comprising using the trained machine learning model to determine a likelihood that the observed actions of the user will result in the access being restricted of the user to the interactive computing environment, and identifying the determined likelihood as exceeding a defined threshold for unauthorized actions. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein training the machine learning model comprises training a deep neural network model. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, for each of one or more second users of the multiple users, a verification that the observed actions of the second user are unauthorized; and restricting, the access of each of the second users to the interactive computing environment. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein obtaining a verification that the observed actions of the second user are unauthorized comprises interacting with one or more other cheat software detection systems that are separate from the machine learning model and that further assess the observed actions of the second user. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the interactive computing environment comprises an interactive gaming environment, and the observed actions comprise gameplay actions of the user. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium with stored contents that cause a computing system to perform automated operations, including:
determining, using a trained model, that observed actions of a user in an interactive execution environment will result in access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being similar to other unauthorized actions; obtaining, based at least in part on the determining, a decision of whether the observed actions of the user are unauthorized and result in the access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being assisted by the use of unauthorized software; and using the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment, including restricting the access of the user to the interactive execution environment if the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and otherwise updating the trained model to reflect that the observed actions of the user are not unauthorized. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein obtaining a decision of whether the observed actions of the user are unauthorized and result in the access of the user to the interactive execution environment being restricted due to being assisted by the use of the unauthorized software includes interacting with one or more other unauthorized software detection systems that further assess the observed actions. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and wherein the using of the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment includes at least one of:
banning the user from accessing the interactive execution environment;
suspending the user from use of the interactive execution environment for at least one of a defined period of time or until one or more specified criteria are satisfied; or
reducing a trust score assigned to the user that affects how the interactive execution environment provides functionality to the user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the obtained decision indicates that the observed actions are unauthorized, and wherein the using of the obtained decision to further control access to the interactive execution environment includes adding one or more penalty indications to an accumulation for the user that results in other restrictions on the user when the accumulation reaches a specified threshold. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the interactive execution environment is an online game environment, wherein the observed actions of the user are gameplay actions, wherein the unauthorized software is cheat software executed on a client computing device of the user, and wherein the restricting of the access includes blocking use by the user of the online game environment for at least a specified amount of time. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8 wherein the determining includes using the trained model to classify user actions in the interactive execution environment as being unauthorized and resulting in access to the interactive execution environment being restricted if a review of the user actions by one or more other unauthorized software detection systems would determine that the user actions are assisted by use of unauthorized software. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause the computing system to train, before the determining, the model for use in future classifying of user actions in the interactive execution environment as being assisted by unauthorized software use or not being assisted by unauthorized software use, including obtaining and using training data about a plurality of decisions each specifying whether indicated user actions in the interactive execution environment result in access being restricted to the interactive execution environment due to use of unauthorized software to assist the user actions. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein the model is a deep neural network. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein training of the model includes using deep learning techniques. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14 wherein the determining includes, before the interacting with the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems, using the trained model to determine a likelihood that the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems will decide that the observed actions of the user are assisted by the use of the unauthorized software, and identifying the determined likelihood as exceeding a defined threshold for unauthorized user actions. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause one or more computing systems to perform operations of at least one of the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems, including obtaining input from multiple other users of the interactive execution environment about wherein the observed actions of the user are assisted by the use of the unauthorized software. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 wherein the stored contents include software instructions that, when executed, further cause a client computing device of the user to perform operations of at least one of the one or more other unauthorized software detection systems by examining at least one of memory on the client computing device or storage on the client computing device for one or more known unauthorized software programs. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more hardware processors; and one or more memories with stored instructions that, when executed by at least one of the one or more hardware processors, cause the system to perform automated operations that include:
determining that observed actions of a user in an interactive computing environment are unauthorized due to being similar to other actions that are assisted by use of cheat software, wherein the determining includes using a model trained to classify user actions in the interactive computing environment as being assisted by use of cheat software or not assisted by use of cheat software;
obtaining, based at least in part on the determining, a decision that the observed actions of the user are unauthorized due to being assisted by the use of cheat software; and
providing information about at least one of the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized or the decision that the observed actions of the user are unauthorized,
wherein the model indicates additional observed actions of a second user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized due to being similar to other actions that are assisted by use of cheat software, and wherein the stored instructions further cause the system to perform additional operations for a model training component that include at least, in response to a second obtained decision that the additional observed actions of the second user are not being assisted by the use of cheat software, updating the model to reflect that the additional observed actions of the second user are not being assisted by the use of cheat software. 21. The system of claim 20 wherein the stored instructions further cause the system to use the obtained decision to restrict access of the user to the interactive computing environment. 22. The system of claim 21 wherein using of the obtained decision to restrict access of the user to the interactive computing environment includes preventing the access of the user to the interactive computing environment for at least one of a defined period of time or until one or more specified criteria are satisfied. 23. The system of claim 20 wherein the model is further trained to classify the user actions in the interactive computing environment as belonging to one of a plurality of types of unauthorized user actions, and wherein the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized includes identifying one of the plurality of types of unauthorized user actions to which the observed actions of the user belong. 24. The system of claim 20 wherein the model is further trained to classify the user actions in the interactive computing environment as being assisted by use of one of a plurality of types of cheat software, and wherein the determining that the observed actions of the user in the interactive computing environment are unauthorized includes identifying one of the plurality of types of cheat software used to assist the observed actions of the user. | 3,700 |
344,387 | 16,803,892 | 3,715 | Valves constructed from low porosity leaflets are disclosed. The valves disclosed herein may be integrated into a variety of structures, such as valved conduits and transcatheter stents, and may be constructed of one or more layers. Embodiments herein are also directed to methods of using the same and methods of making the same. | 1. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a stent having a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, the first and second V-shaped structures connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon;
wherein at least one of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is rounded; and
wherein the stent has an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a valve attached to the inner surface of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 2. The transcatheter stent of claim 1, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration. 3. The transcatheter stent of claim 1, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 4. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a proximal portion and a distal portion, each comprising a plurality of spindle-shaped structures; and an intermediate portion comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and
a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the first annular row and the second annular row oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon; and
wherein at least one of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is rounded. 5. The transcatheter stent of claim 4, further comprising a valve disposed within the intermediate portion of the stent. 6. The transcatheter stent of claim 5, wherein the valve is attached to the intermediate portion of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 7. The transcatheter stent of claim 6, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration of the stent. 8. The transcatheter stent of claim 4, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 9. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex, a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon;
wherein an additional edge extends between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex; and
wherein the stent has an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a valve attached to the inner surface of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 10. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration. 11. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein the additional edge is attached at one or more of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 12. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 13. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a proximal portion and a distal portion, each comprising a plurality of spindle-shaped structures, and an intermediate portion comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and
a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the first annular row and the second annular row oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon; and
wherein an additional edge extends between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 14. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, further comprising a valve disposed within the intermediate portion of the stent. 15. The transcatheter stent of claim 14, wherein the valve is attached to the intermediate portion of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 16. The transcatheter stent of claim 15, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration of the stent. 17. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, wherein the additional edge is attached at one or more of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 18. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. | Valves constructed from low porosity leaflets are disclosed. The valves disclosed herein may be integrated into a variety of structures, such as valved conduits and transcatheter stents, and may be constructed of one or more layers. Embodiments herein are also directed to methods of using the same and methods of making the same.1. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a stent having a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, the first and second V-shaped structures connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon;
wherein at least one of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is rounded; and
wherein the stent has an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a valve attached to the inner surface of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 2. The transcatheter stent of claim 1, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration. 3. The transcatheter stent of claim 1, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 4. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a proximal portion and a distal portion, each comprising a plurality of spindle-shaped structures; and an intermediate portion comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and
a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the first annular row and the second annular row oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon; and
wherein at least one of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is rounded. 5. The transcatheter stent of claim 4, further comprising a valve disposed within the intermediate portion of the stent. 6. The transcatheter stent of claim 5, wherein the valve is attached to the intermediate portion of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 7. The transcatheter stent of claim 6, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration of the stent. 8. The transcatheter stent of claim 4, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 9. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex, a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon;
wherein an additional edge extends between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex; and
wherein the stent has an inner surface and an outer surface; and
a valve attached to the inner surface of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 10. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration. 11. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein the additional edge is attached at one or more of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 12. The transcatheter stent of claim 9, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. 13. A transcatheter stent comprising:
a proximal portion and a distal portion, each comprising a plurality of spindle-shaped structures, and an intermediate portion comprising:
a first annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures, and
a second annular row of a plurality of chevron-shaped structures;
wherein the first annular row and the second annular row oppose each other when the stent is in a collapsed configuration and when the stent is in an expanded configuration;
wherein the plurality of chevron-shaped structures of the first and second annular rows each have a first V-shaped structure having a proximal median vertex and a second V-shaped structure having a distal median vertex, and the first and second V-shaped structures are connected by a pair of lateral edges to form a closed polygon; and
wherein an additional edge extends between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 14. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, further comprising a valve disposed within the intermediate portion of the stent. 15. The transcatheter stent of claim 14, wherein the valve is attached to the intermediate portion of the stent at a plurality of attachment points, wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the first annular row, and wherein at least one attachment point of the plurality of attachment points is at the proximal median vertex or the distal median vertex of the second annular row. 16. The transcatheter stent of claim 15, wherein within each chevron-shaped structure, a distance between the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex is substantially the same in the collapsed configuration and the expanded configuration of the stent. 17. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, wherein the additional edge is attached at one or more of the proximal median vertex and the distal median vertex. 18. The transcatheter stent of claim 13, wherein the first annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures, and the second annular row has 4 to 24 chevron-shaped structures. | 3,700 |
344,388 | 16,803,909 | 3,715 | Systems and methods for generating dashboards for healthcare providers are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient, determining an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient, generating a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order, and transmitting the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. In this way, members may be identified for intervention in a timely manner, and the most relevant information for a healthcare provider may be prioritized for display to a healthcare provider. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient; determining an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient; generating a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order; and transmitting the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the order of the plurality of display modules comprises predicting, for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determining the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the order of the plurality of display modules is determined based on a type of user for the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the order of the plurality of display modules is determined according to one or more healthcare predictions for the patient. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying, to the user via the client device, a clinical queue comprising a list of individuals prioritized for healthcare intervention based on a plurality of risk scores generated with a plurality of predictive models, wherein receiving the selection of the patient comprises receiving a selection by the user of the patient from the clinical queue. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising retrieving a prediction or risk score from a predictive model of the plurality of predictive models, wherein the prediction or the risk score is responsible for inclusion of the patient in the clinical queue, and adjusting the order of the display modules according to the prediction or the risk score. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the client device, feedback regarding the order of the display modules, and training a predictive model for determining the order with the feedback. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of display modules includes one or more of a display module depicting healthcare timelines, a display module depicting future clinical predictions, a display module depicting medical claims history in a textual format, a display module depicting medical claims history in a timeline format, a display module depicting a timeline of pharmaceutical prescriptions, a display module depicting healthcare insurance eligibility, a display module depicting contact information for the patient, and a display module depicting notes relating to the patient provided by a healthcare provider. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising retrieving the information relating to the patient from a plurality of databases stored in separate computing systems, and populating one or more display modules of the plurality of display modules with the information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a subset of the plurality of display modules in the dashboard are immediately displayed to the user via the client device, and wherein a remainder of the plurality of display modules are not immediately displayed to the user via the client device. 11. A computer-readable storage medium including an executable program stored thereon, the program configured to cause a computer processor to:
receive, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient; determine, with a predictive model, an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient; generate a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order; transmit the dashboard to the client device for display to the user; receive, from the client device, feedback regarding the order of the plurality of display modules; and update the predictive model with the feedback. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the program is further configured to predict, with the predictive model for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determine the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the order comprises a hierarchy of relevance for display to the user such that a display module with a higher predicted actionability or relevancy is displayed prominently in the dashboard while a display module with a lower predicted actionability or relevancy is displayed less prominently in the dashboard. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the program is further configured to cause the computer processor to retrieve a risk score for the patient generated by a predictive model trained to calculate the risk score according to medical claims of the patient, and adjusting the order of the display modules according to the prediction or the risk score, wherein the risk score comprises one or more of a prediction of future healthcare costs, a prediction of a length of an in-patient stay, and a prediction of a risk for healthcare episodes. 15. A system, comprising:
a client device configured for a user; and a server communicatively coupled to the client device and configured with executable instructions in non-transitory memory of the server that when executed cause a processor of the server to:
receive, from the client device, a selection of a patient by the user;
determine an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient;
generate a dashboard including the plurality of display modules arranged in the order; and
transmit the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to predict, for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determine the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to adjust the order of the plurality of display modules based on a type of user for the user. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to adjust the order of the plurality of display modules according to one or more healthcare predictions for the patient. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to:
generate, with a plurality of predictive models, a plurality of risk scores for a plurality of individuals; construct a clinical queue comprising a list of the plurality of individuals prioritized for healthcare intervention based on the plurality of risk scores; and transmit the clinical queue to the client device for display to the user, wherein the patient is selected by the user from the clinical queue. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to receive, from the client device, feedback input to the client device by the user regarding the order of the display modules, and train, based on the feedback, a predictive model for determining the order of the plurality of display modules. | Systems and methods for generating dashboards for healthcare providers are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient, determining an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient, generating a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order, and transmitting the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. In this way, members may be identified for intervention in a timely manner, and the most relevant information for a healthcare provider may be prioritized for display to a healthcare provider.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient; determining an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient; generating a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order; and transmitting the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the order of the plurality of display modules comprises predicting, for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determining the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the order of the plurality of display modules is determined based on a type of user for the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the order of the plurality of display modules is determined according to one or more healthcare predictions for the patient. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying, to the user via the client device, a clinical queue comprising a list of individuals prioritized for healthcare intervention based on a plurality of risk scores generated with a plurality of predictive models, wherein receiving the selection of the patient comprises receiving a selection by the user of the patient from the clinical queue. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising retrieving a prediction or risk score from a predictive model of the plurality of predictive models, wherein the prediction or the risk score is responsible for inclusion of the patient in the clinical queue, and adjusting the order of the display modules according to the prediction or the risk score. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the client device, feedback regarding the order of the display modules, and training a predictive model for determining the order with the feedback. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of display modules includes one or more of a display module depicting healthcare timelines, a display module depicting future clinical predictions, a display module depicting medical claims history in a textual format, a display module depicting medical claims history in a timeline format, a display module depicting a timeline of pharmaceutical prescriptions, a display module depicting healthcare insurance eligibility, a display module depicting contact information for the patient, and a display module depicting notes relating to the patient provided by a healthcare provider. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising retrieving the information relating to the patient from a plurality of databases stored in separate computing systems, and populating one or more display modules of the plurality of display modules with the information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a subset of the plurality of display modules in the dashboard are immediately displayed to the user via the client device, and wherein a remainder of the plurality of display modules are not immediately displayed to the user via the client device. 11. A computer-readable storage medium including an executable program stored thereon, the program configured to cause a computer processor to:
receive, from a user of a client device, a selection of a patient; determine, with a predictive model, an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient; generate a dashboard including the plurality of display modules displayed in the order; transmit the dashboard to the client device for display to the user; receive, from the client device, feedback regarding the order of the plurality of display modules; and update the predictive model with the feedback. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the program is further configured to predict, with the predictive model for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determine the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the order comprises a hierarchy of relevance for display to the user such that a display module with a higher predicted actionability or relevancy is displayed prominently in the dashboard while a display module with a lower predicted actionability or relevancy is displayed less prominently in the dashboard. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the program is further configured to cause the computer processor to retrieve a risk score for the patient generated by a predictive model trained to calculate the risk score according to medical claims of the patient, and adjusting the order of the display modules according to the prediction or the risk score, wherein the risk score comprises one or more of a prediction of future healthcare costs, a prediction of a length of an in-patient stay, and a prediction of a risk for healthcare episodes. 15. A system, comprising:
a client device configured for a user; and a server communicatively coupled to the client device and configured with executable instructions in non-transitory memory of the server that when executed cause a processor of the server to:
receive, from the client device, a selection of a patient by the user;
determine an order of a plurality of display modules, each display module displaying information relating to the patient;
generate a dashboard including the plurality of display modules arranged in the order; and
transmit the dashboard to the client device for display to the user. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to predict, for each display module of the plurality of display modules, an actionability or relevancy of each display module for display to the user, and determine the order according to the predicted actionability or relevancy. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to adjust the order of the plurality of display modules based on a type of user for the user. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to adjust the order of the plurality of display modules according to one or more healthcare predictions for the patient. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to:
generate, with a plurality of predictive models, a plurality of risk scores for a plurality of individuals; construct a clinical queue comprising a list of the plurality of individuals prioritized for healthcare intervention based on the plurality of risk scores; and transmit the clinical queue to the client device for display to the user, wherein the patient is selected by the user from the clinical queue. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the server is further configured with executable instructions in the non-transitory memory that when executed cause the processor to receive, from the client device, feedback input to the client device by the user regarding the order of the display modules, and train, based on the feedback, a predictive model for determining the order of the plurality of display modules. | 3,700 |
344,389 | 16,803,880 | 3,715 | An airway adjunct or airway assembly that comprises a gas administration tube and a gas sampling tube can be utilized to improve health care to a patient. The gas administration tube may be connected, for example, to an oxygen source. The gas sampling tube may be connected, for example, to capnography equipment. Internal terminal ends of the gas administration tube and gas sampling tube can be longitudinally offset from one another within the airway assembly, which may reduce diffusion of the exhaled gas to be sampled, thereby increasing monitoring accuracy. Some embodiments of the present disclosure comprise an airway adjunct adaptable to attach into or onto various types of airway devices. | 1. An airway adjunct comprising:
a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end and a first port at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end; a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end and a second port at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end; the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into an airway than the first terminal end; and the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway adjunct. 2. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein the airway adjunct is adapted to secure to an airway device. 3. The airway adjunct of claim 2, wherein the airway device comprises an oropharyngeal airway. 4. The airway adjunct of claim 2, wherein the airway device comprises a nasopharyngeal airway. 5. The airway adjunct of claim 2, further comprising a clamping tab adapted to secure the airway adjunct to a collar of the airway device. 6. The airway adjunct of claim 2, further comprising a ridge adapted to secure the airway adjunct into a throat of the airway device. 7. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein:
the gas administration tube comprises a first elbow bend and the gas sampling tube comprises a second elbow bend. 8. The airway adjunct of claim 1, further comprising an adjunct body, wherein the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube pass through the adjunct body. 9. The airway adjunct of claim 8, further comprising a ventilation through-hole in the adjunct body. 10. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein the first port and the second port comprise tubing connectors. 11. A method of maintaining a patient's airway, comprising:
providing an airway assembly, the airway assembly comprising:
a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end and a first port at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end;
a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end and a second port at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end;
the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into the patient's airway than the first terminal end; and
the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway assembly;
inserting the airway assembly into the patient's airway. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching an airway adjunct to an airway device, thereby forming the airway assembly, the airway adjunct comprising the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising connecting a tubing between the second port and a carbon dioxide monitoring machine. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising connecting a tubing between the first port and an oxygen supply. 15. An airway assembly comprising:
a housing; a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end within the housing and a first port, outside of the housing, at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end; a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end within the housing and a second port, outside of the housing, at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end; the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into the airway assembly than the first terminal end; and the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway assembly. 16. The airway assembly of claim 15, wherein the airway assembly comprises an airway adjunct secured to an airway device, the airway adjunct comprising the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube. 17. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway device comprises an oropharyngeal airway or a nasopharyngeal airway. 18. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway adjunct further comprises a clamping tab adapted to secure the airway adjunct to a collar of the airway device. 19. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway adjunct further comprises a ridge adapted to secure the airway adjunct into a throat of the airway device. 20. The airway assembly of claim 15, wherein the first port and the second port comprise tubing connectors. | An airway adjunct or airway assembly that comprises a gas administration tube and a gas sampling tube can be utilized to improve health care to a patient. The gas administration tube may be connected, for example, to an oxygen source. The gas sampling tube may be connected, for example, to capnography equipment. Internal terminal ends of the gas administration tube and gas sampling tube can be longitudinally offset from one another within the airway assembly, which may reduce diffusion of the exhaled gas to be sampled, thereby increasing monitoring accuracy. Some embodiments of the present disclosure comprise an airway adjunct adaptable to attach into or onto various types of airway devices.1. An airway adjunct comprising:
a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end and a first port at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end; a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end and a second port at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end; the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into an airway than the first terminal end; and the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway adjunct. 2. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein the airway adjunct is adapted to secure to an airway device. 3. The airway adjunct of claim 2, wherein the airway device comprises an oropharyngeal airway. 4. The airway adjunct of claim 2, wherein the airway device comprises a nasopharyngeal airway. 5. The airway adjunct of claim 2, further comprising a clamping tab adapted to secure the airway adjunct to a collar of the airway device. 6. The airway adjunct of claim 2, further comprising a ridge adapted to secure the airway adjunct into a throat of the airway device. 7. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein:
the gas administration tube comprises a first elbow bend and the gas sampling tube comprises a second elbow bend. 8. The airway adjunct of claim 1, further comprising an adjunct body, wherein the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube pass through the adjunct body. 9. The airway adjunct of claim 8, further comprising a ventilation through-hole in the adjunct body. 10. The airway adjunct of claim 1, wherein the first port and the second port comprise tubing connectors. 11. A method of maintaining a patient's airway, comprising:
providing an airway assembly, the airway assembly comprising:
a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end and a first port at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end;
a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end and a second port at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end;
the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into the patient's airway than the first terminal end; and
the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway assembly;
inserting the airway assembly into the patient's airway. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching an airway adjunct to an airway device, thereby forming the airway assembly, the airway adjunct comprising the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising connecting a tubing between the second port and a carbon dioxide monitoring machine. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising connecting a tubing between the first port and an oxygen supply. 15. An airway assembly comprising:
a housing; a gas administration tube comprising a first internal terminal end within the housing and a first port, outside of the housing, at an opposite end of the gas administration tube from the first internal terminal end; a gas sampling tube comprising a second internal terminal end within the housing and a second port, outside of the housing, at an opposite end of the gas sampling tube from the second internal terminal end; the second internal terminal end being offset at least one millimeter from the first internal terminal end, the offset being in a longitudinal direction and away from the second port, such that the second terminal end is positioned farther into the airway assembly than the first terminal end; and the longitudinal direction being defined as a direction parallel to an airway flow direction of the airway assembly. 16. The airway assembly of claim 15, wherein the airway assembly comprises an airway adjunct secured to an airway device, the airway adjunct comprising the gas administration tube and the gas sampling tube. 17. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway device comprises an oropharyngeal airway or a nasopharyngeal airway. 18. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway adjunct further comprises a clamping tab adapted to secure the airway adjunct to a collar of the airway device. 19. The airway assembly of claim 16, wherein the airway adjunct further comprises a ridge adapted to secure the airway adjunct into a throat of the airway device. 20. The airway assembly of claim 15, wherein the first port and the second port comprise tubing connectors. | 3,700 |
344,390 | 16,803,906 | 3,715 | Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for facilitating the management of assessment environments in an eLearning environment. A user may switch between assessment environments by selecting from a menu of selectable assessment environments. Educational content may be presented within a context of a selected assessment environment and assessment tasks may be completed within the context of the selected assessment environment. | 1. A system comprising: a database system implemented using a server system, the database system configurable to cause:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and updating the database corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment based, at least in part, on second user input pertaining to the learning assessment task. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 4. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
generating the credentials of the user. 5. The system as recited in claim 1, the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
replicating, in the database corresponding to the particular one of the learning assessment environments, objects stored in an organizational database associated with an organization. 7. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. 8. A computer program product comprising computer-readable program code capable of being executed by one or more processors when retrieved from a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the program code comprising instructions configurable to cause:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and 9. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 10. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
generating the credentials of the user. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
replicating, in the database corresponding to the particular one of the learning assessment environments, objects stored in an organizational database associated with an organization. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. 15. A method, comprising:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and updating the database corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment based, at least in part, on second user input pertaining to the learning assessment task. 16. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 17. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 18. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
generating the credentials of the user. 19. The method as recited in claim 15,
the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 20. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. | Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for facilitating the management of assessment environments in an eLearning environment. A user may switch between assessment environments by selecting from a menu of selectable assessment environments. Educational content may be presented within a context of a selected assessment environment and assessment tasks may be completed within the context of the selected assessment environment.1. A system comprising: a database system implemented using a server system, the database system configurable to cause:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and updating the database corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment based, at least in part, on second user input pertaining to the learning assessment task. 2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 3. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 4. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
generating the credentials of the user. 5. The system as recited in claim 1, the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 6. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
replicating, in the database corresponding to the particular one of the learning assessment environments, objects stored in an organizational database associated with an organization. 7. The system as recited in claim 1, the database system further configurable to cause:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. 8. A computer program product comprising computer-readable program code capable of being executed by one or more processors when retrieved from a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the program code comprising instructions configurable to cause:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and 9. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 10. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 11. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
generating the credentials of the user. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
replicating, in the database corresponding to the particular one of the learning assessment environments, objects stored in an organizational database associated with an organization. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 8, the program code comprising instructions further configured to cause:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. 15. A method, comprising:
processing a user request to generate a learning assessment environment; responsive to processing the user request, generating a particular learning assessment environment such that the particular learning assessment environment is associated with a corresponding Uniform Resource Locator (URL), credentials of a user in association with the particular learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; updating a set of learning assessment environments accessible via a user account associated with the user to include the particular learning assessment environment, each of the learning assessment environments being associated with a corresponding URL, credentials of the user in association with the learning assessment environment, and a corresponding database; processing first user input submitted at the user device, the first user input indicating a selection of one of the learning assessment environments; retrieving the credentials of the user associated with the selected learning assessment environment; launching the selected learning assessment environment using the corresponding URL and credentials of the user; providing a learning assessment task via the URL corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment; and updating the database corresponding to the selected learning assessment environment based, at least in part, on second user input pertaining to the learning assessment task. 16. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the user request does not identify the credentials, URL, or database. 17. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the credentials comprise at least one of: a username, password, or refresh token. 18. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
generating the credentials of the user. 19. The method as recited in claim 15,
the selected learning assessment environment being the particular learning assessment environment. 20. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising:
processing credentials of the user received in association with a learning assessment environment, the learning assessment environment being associated with a corresponding URL and a corresponding database; storing the credentials of the user received in association with the learning assessment environment; and updating the set of learning assessment environments to include the learning assessment environment. | 3,700 |
344,391 | 16,803,900 | 3,715 | A method for assessment and/or monitoring a person's cardiovascular state comprises: using a sound and vibration transducer to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person; filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold. | 1. A method for assessment and/or monitoring a person's cardiovascular state, the method comprising:
using a sound and vibration transducer to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person; filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold, wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal comprises: forming an envelope curve of the vascular sound signal; and determining a characteristic in the envelope so as to determine an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound; wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises:
identifying a sequence of wave forms, wherein each single wave form corresponds to a heartbeat and extends from a first local minimum to a second local minimum in the envelope; and
(i) selecting wave forms in the sequence of wave forms, wherein the selected wave forms are validated as representing a typical wave form; aligning the selected wave forms, and forming an average wave form of the aligned wave forms; or (ii) normalizing each wave form in the sequence of wave forms to a common norm; and computing an average wave form based on the normalized wave forms. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sound and vibration transducer is used to detect a vascular sound from an abdominal or pelvic region of a pregnant woman for assessing and/or monitoring the pregnant woman or a fetus in the pregnant woman. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising using a plurality of sound and vibration transducers, which each detect a vascular sound signal, wherein the plurality of sound and vibration transducers are positioned differently in relation to the abdominal or pelvic region of the pregnant woman. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising determining a quality of the vascular sound signal from each of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers, and selecting one of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers based on said quality for providing the vascular sound signal to be analyzed. 5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising forming an average vascular sound signal based on the signal from each of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filtering uses a band-pass filter having a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz and an upper cut-off frequency in a range of 300-20 000 Hz. 7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises deciding whether a critical point is present between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises differentiating the envelope of the vascular sound signal to calculate a derivative of the average wave form; and determining a maximum of the derivative between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form as an indication of a dicrotic notch. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the set threshold corresponds to the maximum of the derivative being zero. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises determining a rise time in the average wave form as a time from a start of the average wave form to a global maximum in the average wave form; determining a decay time in the average wave form as a time from the global maximum in the average wave form to the end of the average wave form; and comparing the decay time to the rise time to form a relative decay time as an indication of a dicrotic notch. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises determining further characteristics in the envelope so as to form further measures of a dicrotic notch. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum and a local minimum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; and determining a dicrotic notch amplitude as the difference of the signal value between the local maximum and the local minimum, said amplitude forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a heartbeat amplitude as a difference of the signal value between a global minimum and a global maximum in the single wave form, and comparing the dicrotic notch amplitude to the heartbeat amplitude to form a relative amplitude as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; and determining a peak delay time as a time between the global maximum and the local maximum, said peak delay time forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising determining a rise time in the average wave form as a time from a start of the average wave form to the global maximum in the average wave form; and comparing the peak delay time to the rise time to form a relative time of the dicrotic notch as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum and a local minimum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; determining a dicrotic notch area as an area defined between the envelope curve and a straight line at the signal value of the local minimum from the local minimum to a later point on the envelope curve crossing the signal value of the local minimum, said dicrotic notch area forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising determining a heartbeat area as an area under the envelope curve from the start to the end of the average wave form; and comparing the dicrotic notch area to the heartbeat area to form a relative area of the dicrotic notch as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 19-22. (canceled) 23. The method according to claim 1, further comprising comparing the determined characteristic to a historic characteristic previously determined for the person. 24. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using a further sound and vibration transducer to acquire a heartbeat sound signal corresponding to sounds of the heartbeat of the person; cancelling influence of the heartbeat sound on the vascular sound by filtering the vascular sound signal using the heartbeat sound signal. 25. The method according to claim 1, further comprising triggering an alert signal in response to the indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeding the set threshold. 26. A device for assessment and/or monitoring of a person's cardiovascular state, the device comprising:
a sound and vibration transducer, which is arranged to be positioned in relation to a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person so as to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from the region of the person; and a processing unit, which is arranged to receive the vascular sound signal from the sound and vibration transducer and which is further configured to process the vascular sound signal by
filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and
analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold,
wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal comprises:
forming an envelope curve of the vascular sound signal; and
determining a characteristic in the envelope so as to determine an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound;
wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises:
identifying a sequence of wave forms, wherein each single wave form corresponds to a heartbeat and extends from a first local minimum to a second local minimum in the envelope; and
(i) selecting wave forms in the sequence of wave forms, wherein the selected wave forms are validated as representing a typical wave form; aligning the selected wave forms, and forming an average wave form of the aligned wave forms; or (ii) normalizing each wave form in the sequence of wave forms to a common norm; and computing an average wave form based on the normalized wave forms. 27. The device according to claim 26, wherein the sound and vibration transducer and the processing unit are arranged in a portable unit which is wearable by the person. 28. The device according to claim 26, further comprising a communication unit for communicating a signal from the processing unit to a remote unit in dependence of whether the indication of the dicrotic notch exceeds the set threshold. 29. The device according to claim 26, further comprising an indicator, which is connected to the processing unit and which is selectively activated in dependence of whether the indication of the dicrotic notch exceeds the set threshold. | A method for assessment and/or monitoring a person's cardiovascular state comprises: using a sound and vibration transducer to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person; filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold.1. A method for assessment and/or monitoring a person's cardiovascular state, the method comprising:
using a sound and vibration transducer to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person; filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold, wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal comprises: forming an envelope curve of the vascular sound signal; and determining a characteristic in the envelope so as to determine an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound; wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises:
identifying a sequence of wave forms, wherein each single wave form corresponds to a heartbeat and extends from a first local minimum to a second local minimum in the envelope; and
(i) selecting wave forms in the sequence of wave forms, wherein the selected wave forms are validated as representing a typical wave form; aligning the selected wave forms, and forming an average wave form of the aligned wave forms; or (ii) normalizing each wave form in the sequence of wave forms to a common norm; and computing an average wave form based on the normalized wave forms. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sound and vibration transducer is used to detect a vascular sound from an abdominal or pelvic region of a pregnant woman for assessing and/or monitoring the pregnant woman or a fetus in the pregnant woman. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising using a plurality of sound and vibration transducers, which each detect a vascular sound signal, wherein the plurality of sound and vibration transducers are positioned differently in relation to the abdominal or pelvic region of the pregnant woman. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising determining a quality of the vascular sound signal from each of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers, and selecting one of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers based on said quality for providing the vascular sound signal to be analyzed. 5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising forming an average vascular sound signal based on the signal from each of the plurality of sound and vibration transducers. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filtering uses a band-pass filter having a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz and an upper cut-off frequency in a range of 300-20 000 Hz. 7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises deciding whether a critical point is present between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises differentiating the envelope of the vascular sound signal to calculate a derivative of the average wave form; and determining a maximum of the derivative between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form as an indication of a dicrotic notch. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the set threshold corresponds to the maximum of the derivative being zero. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining a characteristic comprises determining a rise time in the average wave form as a time from a start of the average wave form to a global maximum in the average wave form; determining a decay time in the average wave form as a time from the global maximum in the average wave form to the end of the average wave form; and comparing the decay time to the rise time to form a relative decay time as an indication of a dicrotic notch. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises determining further characteristics in the envelope so as to form further measures of a dicrotic notch. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum and a local minimum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; and determining a dicrotic notch amplitude as the difference of the signal value between the local maximum and the local minimum, said amplitude forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a heartbeat amplitude as a difference of the signal value between a global minimum and a global maximum in the single wave form, and comparing the dicrotic notch amplitude to the heartbeat amplitude to form a relative amplitude as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; and determining a peak delay time as a time between the global maximum and the local maximum, said peak delay time forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising determining a rise time in the average wave form as a time from a start of the average wave form to the global maximum in the average wave form; and comparing the peak delay time to the rise time to form a relative time of the dicrotic notch as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining a local maximum and a local minimum between a global maximum in the average wave form and an end of the average wave form; determining a dicrotic notch area as an area defined between the envelope curve and a straight line at the signal value of the local minimum from the local minimum to a later point on the envelope curve crossing the signal value of the local minimum, said dicrotic notch area forming a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising determining a heartbeat area as an area under the envelope curve from the start to the end of the average wave form; and comparing the dicrotic notch area to the heartbeat area to form a relative area of the dicrotic notch as a further measure of the dicrotic notch. 19-22. (canceled) 23. The method according to claim 1, further comprising comparing the determined characteristic to a historic characteristic previously determined for the person. 24. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using a further sound and vibration transducer to acquire a heartbeat sound signal corresponding to sounds of the heartbeat of the person; cancelling influence of the heartbeat sound on the vascular sound by filtering the vascular sound signal using the heartbeat sound signal. 25. The method according to claim 1, further comprising triggering an alert signal in response to the indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeding the set threshold. 26. A device for assessment and/or monitoring of a person's cardiovascular state, the device comprising:
a sound and vibration transducer, which is arranged to be positioned in relation to a cervical, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, or lower limb region of the person so as to acquire a vascular sound signal in order to detect a vascular sound from the region of the person; and a processing unit, which is arranged to receive the vascular sound signal from the sound and vibration transducer and which is further configured to process the vascular sound signal by
filtering the vascular sound signal to isolate the vascular sound, said filtering using a filter which attenuates frequencies below a lower cut-off frequency in a range of 100-300 Hz; and
analyzing the filtered sound signal in order to determine whether an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound exceeds a set threshold,
wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal comprises:
forming an envelope curve of the vascular sound signal; and
determining a characteristic in the envelope so as to determine an indication of a dicrotic notch in the vascular sound;
wherein analyzing the filtered sound signal further comprises:
identifying a sequence of wave forms, wherein each single wave form corresponds to a heartbeat and extends from a first local minimum to a second local minimum in the envelope; and
(i) selecting wave forms in the sequence of wave forms, wherein the selected wave forms are validated as representing a typical wave form; aligning the selected wave forms, and forming an average wave form of the aligned wave forms; or (ii) normalizing each wave form in the sequence of wave forms to a common norm; and computing an average wave form based on the normalized wave forms. 27. The device according to claim 26, wherein the sound and vibration transducer and the processing unit are arranged in a portable unit which is wearable by the person. 28. The device according to claim 26, further comprising a communication unit for communicating a signal from the processing unit to a remote unit in dependence of whether the indication of the dicrotic notch exceeds the set threshold. 29. The device according to claim 26, further comprising an indicator, which is connected to the processing unit and which is selectively activated in dependence of whether the indication of the dicrotic notch exceeds the set threshold. | 3,700 |
344,392 | 16,803,884 | 3,715 | A computer including a subdividing section subdividing image data into plural subdivided image data, a control section that causes each of plural cores included a first processing unit to execute in parallel tasks on the subdivided image data, the tasks enabled for processing according to their precedence dependency relationship, a registration section that, if a task is executable by a second processing unit asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit, register a finish detection task to detect completion of the task on the second processing unit in a list after causing a core of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the task on the second processing unit, and a determination section that accesses the list and to determine whether or not there is a completed finish detection task. | 1. An image processing device configured to execute image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing device comprising:
a subdividing section configured to subdivide image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; a control section configured to control each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit so as to execute, in parallel, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; a registration section configured to, in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, register a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and a determination section configured to access the finish detection task management information and to determine whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. 2. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units operates as the determination section after executing the sub-processing routine. 3. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein, after determining, as the determination section, whether or not there is a completed finish detection task, the one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units executes another sub-processing routine under control by the control section. 4. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units operates as the registration section. 5. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units successively operates as the registration section and as the determination section. 6. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section causes one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units to execute a determination task so that the one of the arithmetic logic units operates as the determination section. 7. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section performs exclusive control on access by the registration section and the determination section to the finish detection task management information. 8. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the determination section deletes the completed finish detection task from the finish detection task management information. 9. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section causes the plurality of arithmetic logic units to fetch one or more sub-processing routines stored in a task queue in sequence and to execute the one or more sub-processing routines in parallel. 10. An image processing method performed by an image processing device configured to execute image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing method comprising:
subdividing image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; executing, in parallel, by each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, registering a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and accessing the finish detection task management information and determining whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. 11. A non-transitory storage medium storing an image processing program that causes a computer to perform image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing comprising:
subdividing image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; executing in parallel, by each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, registering a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which the execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and accessing the finish detection task management information and determining whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. | A computer including a subdividing section subdividing image data into plural subdivided image data, a control section that causes each of plural cores included a first processing unit to execute in parallel tasks on the subdivided image data, the tasks enabled for processing according to their precedence dependency relationship, a registration section that, if a task is executable by a second processing unit asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit, register a finish detection task to detect completion of the task on the second processing unit in a list after causing a core of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the task on the second processing unit, and a determination section that accesses the list and to determine whether or not there is a completed finish detection task.1. An image processing device configured to execute image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing device comprising:
a subdividing section configured to subdivide image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; a control section configured to control each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit so as to execute, in parallel, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; a registration section configured to, in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, register a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and a determination section configured to access the finish detection task management information and to determine whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. 2. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units operates as the determination section after executing the sub-processing routine. 3. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein, after determining, as the determination section, whether or not there is a completed finish detection task, the one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units executes another sub-processing routine under control by the control section. 4. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units operates as the registration section. 5. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units successively operates as the registration section and as the determination section. 6. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section causes one of the plurality of arithmetic logic units to execute a determination task so that the one of the arithmetic logic units operates as the determination section. 7. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section performs exclusive control on access by the registration section and the determination section to the finish detection task management information. 8. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the determination section deletes the completed finish detection task from the finish detection task management information. 9. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the control section causes the plurality of arithmetic logic units to fetch one or more sub-processing routines stored in a task queue in sequence and to execute the one or more sub-processing routines in parallel. 10. An image processing method performed by an image processing device configured to execute image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing method comprising:
subdividing image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; executing, in parallel, by each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, registering a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and accessing the finish detection task management information and determining whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. 11. A non-transitory storage medium storing an image processing program that causes a computer to perform image processing using respective objects in an object group of a plurality of connected objects for executing image processing arranged in a directed acyclic graph pattern, the image processing comprising:
subdividing image data subject to the image processing into a plurality of subdivided image data; executing in parallel, by each of a plurality of arithmetic logic units included in a first processing unit, a sub-processing routine of the image processing to be performed on the subdivided image data, one or more sub-processing routines being included in an object, and the sub-processing routine being enabled for processing according to a precedence dependency relationship of the one or more sub-processing routines; in a case in which a sub-processing routine that is an asynchronous processing routine to be performed asynchronously with respect to the first processing unit and that is associated with a finish detection task for detecting completion of the sub-processing routine is executable by a second processing unit, after causing an arithmetic logic unit of the first processing unit to execute an execution instruction task instructing execution of the sub-processing routine at the second processing unit, registering a finish detection task associated with the sub-processing routine of which the execution has been instructed via finish detection task management information; and accessing the finish detection task management information and determining whether or not there is a completed finish detection task associated with a sub-processing routine of which the second processing unit has completed execution. | 3,700 |
344,393 | 16,803,901 | 3,771 | An embolic protection device and medical procedure for positioning the device in the aortic arch is disclosed. The device and method effectively prevent material from entering with blood flow into side branch vessels of the aortic arch. The device is a collapsible embolic protection device devised for temporary transvascular delivery to an aortic arch of a patient, wherein the device has a protection unit that comprises a selectively permeable unit adapted to prevent embolic material from passage with a blood flow into a plurality of aortic side branch vessels at the aortic arch. The protection unit is permanently attached to a transvascular delivery unit at a connection point provided at the selectively permeable unit, and a first support member for the protection unit that is at least partly arranged at a periphery of the selectively permeable unit. In an expanded state of the device, the connection point is enclosed by the first support member or arranged at said support member. | 1. A collapsible embolic protection device for transvascular delivery to an aortic arch, said protection device comprising:
a delivery unit and a protection unit comprising a selectively permeable material, a support frame provided in form of a wire, and a connection point configured for attachment to said delivery unit; wherein: said protection unit has a collapsed delivery state and an expanded state; a perimeter of said support frame, in the expanded state of said protection unit, is shaped to releasably engage with vessel tissue of the aortic arch, such that said selectively permeable material covers a plurality of side branch vessel ostia; said selectively permeable material is attached to or is integral with said support frame such that said support member surrounds an entire perimeter of said selectively permeable material and expands said selectively permeable material along a length and a width into a non-tubular shape, said selectively permeable material allows blood to pass into said plurality of side branch vessels but prevents embolic material in the blood from entering said plurality of side branch vessels during a medical procedure. 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the protection unit includes a stem connected to said support frame and extends towards said connection point for connecting said device to said delivery unit; and;
said stem is connected directly to said support frame at a proximal end of the perimeter of said support frame; and wherein said connection point is configured to be connected to said delivery unit after the collapsible embolic protection device has been arranged in said aortic arch and during said medical procedure. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said stem is isolated from said selectively permeable material. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the delivery unit is permanently attached to said connection point. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is at a proximal portion of said perimeter of said support member. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is a single connection point on said support frame. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire is forming a loop. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is arranged directly on said periphery of said support frame. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein said delivery unit is arranged at an angle with the support member in a longitudinal direction of the embolic protection device such that a force may be applied through said delivery unit onto the embolic protection device toward a wall of the aortic arch. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is an integral of said support member. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein said protection unit is sized and shaped to extend across an apex of the aortic arch. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire, which forms said perimeter of said support frame, comprises two branches of said wire that are joined at said connection point. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein said selectively permeable material is a rigid, non-elastic material which is non-conformable to ostia of aortic side branch vessels. 14. The device according to claim 1, wherein said selectively permeable material comprises a mesh of strands. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein said strands are made of a metallic material. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein said permeable material has been molded in a heat setting process to set a desired shape. 17. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire is shaped into a tongue at a distal end. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein said tongue has a width smaller than the rest of the support frame. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein said tongue has an angle deviating longitudinally from a plane of said protection unit. | An embolic protection device and medical procedure for positioning the device in the aortic arch is disclosed. The device and method effectively prevent material from entering with blood flow into side branch vessels of the aortic arch. The device is a collapsible embolic protection device devised for temporary transvascular delivery to an aortic arch of a patient, wherein the device has a protection unit that comprises a selectively permeable unit adapted to prevent embolic material from passage with a blood flow into a plurality of aortic side branch vessels at the aortic arch. The protection unit is permanently attached to a transvascular delivery unit at a connection point provided at the selectively permeable unit, and a first support member for the protection unit that is at least partly arranged at a periphery of the selectively permeable unit. In an expanded state of the device, the connection point is enclosed by the first support member or arranged at said support member.1. A collapsible embolic protection device for transvascular delivery to an aortic arch, said protection device comprising:
a delivery unit and a protection unit comprising a selectively permeable material, a support frame provided in form of a wire, and a connection point configured for attachment to said delivery unit; wherein: said protection unit has a collapsed delivery state and an expanded state; a perimeter of said support frame, in the expanded state of said protection unit, is shaped to releasably engage with vessel tissue of the aortic arch, such that said selectively permeable material covers a plurality of side branch vessel ostia; said selectively permeable material is attached to or is integral with said support frame such that said support member surrounds an entire perimeter of said selectively permeable material and expands said selectively permeable material along a length and a width into a non-tubular shape, said selectively permeable material allows blood to pass into said plurality of side branch vessels but prevents embolic material in the blood from entering said plurality of side branch vessels during a medical procedure. 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the protection unit includes a stem connected to said support frame and extends towards said connection point for connecting said device to said delivery unit; and;
said stem is connected directly to said support frame at a proximal end of the perimeter of said support frame; and wherein said connection point is configured to be connected to said delivery unit after the collapsible embolic protection device has been arranged in said aortic arch and during said medical procedure. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said stem is isolated from said selectively permeable material. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the delivery unit is permanently attached to said connection point. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is at a proximal portion of said perimeter of said support member. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is a single connection point on said support frame. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire is forming a loop. 8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is arranged directly on said periphery of said support frame. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein said delivery unit is arranged at an angle with the support member in a longitudinal direction of the embolic protection device such that a force may be applied through said delivery unit onto the embolic protection device toward a wall of the aortic arch. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein said connection point is an integral of said support member. 11. The device according to claim 1, wherein said protection unit is sized and shaped to extend across an apex of the aortic arch. 12. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire, which forms said perimeter of said support frame, comprises two branches of said wire that are joined at said connection point. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein said selectively permeable material is a rigid, non-elastic material which is non-conformable to ostia of aortic side branch vessels. 14. The device according to claim 1, wherein said selectively permeable material comprises a mesh of strands. 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein said strands are made of a metallic material. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein said permeable material has been molded in a heat setting process to set a desired shape. 17. The device according to claim 1, wherein said wire is shaped into a tongue at a distal end. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein said tongue has a width smaller than the rest of the support frame. 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein said tongue has an angle deviating longitudinally from a plane of said protection unit. | 3,700 |
344,394 | 16,803,807 | 3,771 | A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a platform including one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, in which the blockchain authorization information generation request includes a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, in which the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, in which the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a private key, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating the private key based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a private key, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating the private key based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information;
determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain;
determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain;
generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and
sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. | A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a platform including one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, in which the blockchain authorization information generation request includes a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, in which the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, in which the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a private key, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating the private key based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information; determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain; determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain; generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 13. The computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a private key, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating the private key based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm. 14. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a platform comprising one or more computing devices, a blockchain authorization information generation request from a client, wherein the blockchain authorization information generation request comprises a target blockchain identifier and user information;
determining, based on the target blockchain identifier, a target blockchain;
determining a blockchain parameter of the target blockchain, wherein the blockchain parameter indicates one or more requirements for authorization information used to join the target blockchain;
generating blockchain authorization information based on the blockchain parameter and the user information, wherein the blockchain authorization information conforms to the one or more requirements; and
sending the blockchain authorization information to the client. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
determining, based on the blockchain parameter, a password generation algorithm, wherein an output of the password generation algorithm conforms to the one or more requirements; and generating the blockchain authorization information using the password generation algorithm. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16, wherein the blockchain authorization information comprises a blockchain identity certificate, and wherein generating the blockchain authorization information comprises:
generating a blockchain identity certificate request based on the user information by using the password generation algorithm; and obtaining, based on the blockchain identity certificate request, the blockchain identity certificate. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an authentication server for signature authentication; receiving, from the authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein obtaining the blockchain identity certificate comprises:
sending the blockchain identity certificate request to an administrator of the target blockchain for approval; receiving, from an authentication server, a signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request; and using the signature-authenticated blockchain identity certificate request as the blockchain identity certificate. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 15, wherein the one or more requirements comprise one or more of: a key format, a security level of the target blockchain, and a type of encryption algorithm used to generate the blockchain authorization information. | 3,700 |
344,395 | 16,803,889 | 3,771 | A loose coupling between Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices and environmental sensors is generated. Once the loose coupling has been generated, conditions in a physical environment can be managed utilizing the loosely coupled devices. For example, a hybrid machine learning/expert system can be utilized to activate the IoT devices in an environment to achieve a desired condition in an optimized manner. | 1. A computer-implemented method performed by a computing device for provisioning Internet of things (IoT) devices in an environment to achieve a plurality of desired conditions without human interaction, the method comprising:
generating initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from the IoT devices in the environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment; generating modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and provisioning the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rules specific to the environment are obtained from an expert system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules are configured to increase an output of at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or decrease an output of at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules specify a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 9. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon which, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to:
generate initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from IoT devices in an environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment;
generate modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and
provision the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 11. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 12. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 13. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon which, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
generate initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from IoT devices in an environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment; generate modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and provision the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. | A loose coupling between Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices and environmental sensors is generated. Once the loose coupling has been generated, conditions in a physical environment can be managed utilizing the loosely coupled devices. For example, a hybrid machine learning/expert system can be utilized to activate the IoT devices in an environment to achieve a desired condition in an optimized manner.1. A computer-implemented method performed by a computing device for provisioning Internet of things (IoT) devices in an environment to achieve a plurality of desired conditions without human interaction, the method comprising:
generating initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from the IoT devices in the environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment; generating modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and provisioning the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rules specific to the environment are obtained from an expert system. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules are configured to increase an output of at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or decrease an output of at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the one or more rules specify a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 9. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon which, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to:
generate initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from IoT devices in an environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment;
generate modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and
provision the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 11. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 12. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 13. The computing device of claim 9, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereupon which, when executed by a processor, cause a computing device to:
generate initial provisioning settings based upon information collected from IoT devices in an environment, wherein the collected information also includes prior provisioning information from IoT devices in other environments similar to the environment, wherein the initial provisioning settings comprise data identifying a plurality of the IoT devices in the environment and operational parameters for the plurality of IoT devices in the environment to achieve the plurality of desired conditions of the environment; generate modified provisioning settings by applying a plurality of rules specific to the environment to the initial provisioning settings, the plurality of rules configured modify the initial provisioning settings by adding or removing IoT devices and modifying the operational parameters; and provision the IoT devices in the environment according to the modified provisioning settings to achieve the plurality of desired conditions without human interaction. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the prior provisioning information is obtained by a machine learning (ML) model. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying a time at which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein plurality of rules are further configured to modify the initial provisioning settings by specifying one or more conditions under which the plurality of IoT devices are to be activated. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the one or more rules specify a minimum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment or a maximum output for at least one of the plurality of IoT devices in the environment. | 3,700 |
344,396 | 16,803,878 | 3,771 | A virtual disk file, represented by a virtual disk that is offline, is scanned to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being an MBR or GPT partitioned disk type. A disk signature is obtained for the MBR partitioned disk. A volume GUID is obtained for the GPT partitioned disk. Partitions on the virtual disk are identified. A system registry hive file is located. The system registry hive file is read to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter. A correlation is performed of the disk signature or volume GUID against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter. Based on the correlation, the drive letter is mapped to an identified partition. | 1. A method comprising:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. 7. A system for extracting drive letters, the system comprising: a processor; and memory configured to store one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to carry out the steps of:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 9. The system of claim 7 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 11. The system of claim 7 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 12. The system of claim 7 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. 13. A computer program product, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein, the computer-readable program code adapted to be executed by one or more processors to implement a method comprising:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 14. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 15. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 16. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 17. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 18. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. | A virtual disk file, represented by a virtual disk that is offline, is scanned to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being an MBR or GPT partitioned disk type. A disk signature is obtained for the MBR partitioned disk. A volume GUID is obtained for the GPT partitioned disk. Partitions on the virtual disk are identified. A system registry hive file is located. The system registry hive file is read to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter. A correlation is performed of the disk signature or volume GUID against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter. Based on the correlation, the drive letter is mapped to an identified partition.1. A method comprising:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. 7. A system for extracting drive letters, the system comprising: a processor; and memory configured to store one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to carry out the steps of:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 9. The system of claim 7 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 11. The system of claim 7 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 12. The system of claim 7 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. 13. A computer program product, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therein, the computer-readable program code adapted to be executed by one or more processors to implement a method comprising:
scanning a virtual disk file, while a virtual disk representing the virtual disk file is offline, to obtain a binary signature indicating the virtual disk as being one of a Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioned disk type or a Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) partitioned disk type; obtaining a disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk; obtaining a volume Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) for the GPT partitioned disk; identifying partitions of the virtual disk; locating a system registry hive file; reading, from the system registry hive file, a MountedDevices entry to obtain a drive letter and one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type, checking the MountedDevices entry for a DMIO:ID signature indicating that the drive letter represents a fixed-disk; correlating one of the disk signature for the MBR partitioned disk or the volume GUID for the GPT partitioned disk against the one or more other values associated with the drive letter stored in the MountedDevices entry; and based on the correlation, mapping the drive letter to an identified partition. 14. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the locating the system registry hive file further comprises:
selecting a partition;
issuing, for the selected partition, an extraction command specifying the system registry hive file; and
repeating the selecting a partition and issuing of the extraction command until the system registry hive file is found. 15. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the MBR partitioned disk type, correlating first and second values of the one or more other values associated with the drive letter against the disk signature, and starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition, respectively,
wherein the second value corresponds to a partition offset that is within the starting and ending partition offsets of the identified partition. 16. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the correlating further comprises:
when the virtual disk is the GPT partitioned disk type,
verifying that the MountedDevices entry represents a dynamic device identifier; and
upon the verification, correlating a value of the one or more values associated with the drive letter to the volume GUID of the identified partition. 17. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein a virtual machine using the virtual disk is powered off. 18. The computer program product of claim 13 wherein the partitions comprise New Technology File System (NTFS) partitions. | 3,700 |
344,397 | 16,803,875 | 3,771 | In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a mobility management enhancer, device information from a device and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, a data session requested by the device based on the device information. The method also includes receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider, requesting, by the mobility management enhancer, network information of a network, and receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, the network information. The method further includes determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session requested by the device based on the device information, the service provider information, and the network information. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer comprising a processor, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session based on the service provider information and the network information. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the mobility management enhancer uses one or more machine learning algorithms to determine the action associated with the data session. 28. A system comprising one or more processors and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session based on the service provider information and the network information. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 32. The system of claim 28, the operations further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the mobility management enhancer uses one or more machine learning algorithms to determine the action associated with the data session. 35. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; and receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and 36. The one or non-transitory more computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 37. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, the operations further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. | In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, by a mobility management enhancer, device information from a device and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, a data session requested by the device based on the device information. The method also includes receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider, requesting, by the mobility management enhancer, network information of a network, and receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, the network information. The method further includes determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session requested by the device based on the device information, the service provider information, and the network information.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer comprising a processor, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session based on the service provider information and the network information. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the mobility management enhancer uses one or more machine learning algorithms to determine the action associated with the data session. 28. A system comprising one or more processors and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, an action associated with the data session based on the service provider information and the network information. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 32. The system of claim 28, the operations further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the mobility management enhancer uses one or more machine learning algorithms to determine the action associated with the data session. 35. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a mobility management enhancer, a data session associated with a device; receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, service provider information from a service provider; and receiving, by the mobility management enhancer, network information from a network; and 36. The one or non-transitory more computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein:
the network information comprises one or more of the following:
a signal strength received by one or more nodes of the network;
an available capacity of the one or more nodes of the network;
an available bandwidth of the one or more nodes of the network, and
a number of devices connected to each of the one or more nodes of the network; and
determining the action associated with the data session is based on prioritizing one or more of the available capacity, the available bandwidth, and the number of devices over the signal strength. 37. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the action comprises one of the following:
initiating the data session by connecting the device to a first node of the network; transferring the data session from the first node of the network to a second node of the network; and connecting the device connected to the first node of the network to the second node of the network. 38. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the action comprises at least one of the following:
adjusting a codec of the data session; adjusting a buffer of the data session; adjusting a bit rate of the data session; adjusting a frame-rate of the data session; and adjusting a resolution of the data session. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, the operations further comprising:
calculating, by the mobility management enhancer, a maximum required bandwidth for the data session by analyzing a frame rate, a bit rate, and a resolution of the data session; comparing, by the mobility management enhancer, the maximum required bandwidth to a predetermined threshold; and determining, by the mobility management enhancer, to connect the device to a selected one of an alternative node and an additional node of the network based on comparing the maximum required bandwidth to the predetermined threshold. 40. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 35, wherein the service provider information comprises on one or more of the following:
latency restraints of the data session; jitter restraints of the data session; and bandwidth restraints associated with the data session. | 3,700 |
344,398 | 16,803,862 | 3,771 | This present disclosure relates to compounds with ferroptosis inducing activity, a method of treating a subject with cancer with the compounds, and combination treatments with a second therapeutic agent. | 1. A compound of Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 2. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 3. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 4. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula II, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 5. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 6. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 7. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula III, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 8. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 9. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 10. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is C4-C10cycloalkyl. 11. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is heterocyclyl. 12. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is aryl. 13. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is heteroaryl. 14. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIII, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 15. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIIIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 16. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIIIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, —CN, —C(O)OR6, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)2, —OR7, or —C1-C6alkyl-OR7. 18. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is —C(O)OR6 or —C(O)N(R7)2. 19. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-C6alkyl. 20. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 0 or 1. 21. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IX, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 22. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IXA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 23. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IXB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 24. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 2 or 3. 25. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R4 is independently halo, —CN, —OR7, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkynyl, or C3-C10cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkynyl, or C3-C10cycloalkyl of R4 is independently optionally substituted with one to three R10. 26. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 0. 27. A compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds listed in Table 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 29. A method of inhibiting GPX4 in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, or a Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cell is a cancer cell. 31. A method of treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering to a subject having cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, or a compound of Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the cancer is adrenocortical cancer, anal cancer, biliary cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, intestinal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, sarcoma, or a soft tissue carcinoma. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cancer is osteosarcoma, glioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, cancer of the small intestine, bronchial cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, basal cell carcinoma, or melanoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the cancer is a the hematologic cancer. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the hematologic cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Hairy Cell chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), or multiple myeloma. 36. The method of claim 29, further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a second therapeutic agent. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an platinating agent, alkylating agent, anti-cancer antibiotic, antimetabolite, topoisomerase I inhibitor, topoisomerase II inhibitor, or antimicrotubule agent. 38. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or salt thereof: | This present disclosure relates to compounds with ferroptosis inducing activity, a method of treating a subject with cancer with the compounds, and combination treatments with a second therapeutic agent.1. A compound of Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 2. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 3. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 4. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula II, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 5. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 6. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 7. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula III, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 8. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 9. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IIIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 10. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is C4-C10cycloalkyl. 11. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is heterocyclyl. 12. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is aryl. 13. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring A is heteroaryl. 14. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIII, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 15. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIIIA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 16. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula VIIIB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, —CN, —C(O)OR6, —C(O)N(R7)2, —N(R7)2, —OR7, or —C1-C6alkyl-OR7. 18. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is —C(O)OR6 or —C(O)N(R7)2. 19. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-C6alkyl. 20. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 0 or 1. 21. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IX, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 22. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IXA, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 23. The compound of claim 1, represented by a compound of Formula IXB, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 24. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 2 or 3. 25. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R4 is independently halo, —CN, —OR7, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkynyl, or C3-C10cycloalkyl; wherein each C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkynyl, or C3-C10cycloalkyl of R4 is independently optionally substituted with one to three R10. 26. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein q is 0. 27. A compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds listed in Table 1, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 29. A method of inhibiting GPX4 in a cell, comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, or a Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cell is a cancer cell. 31. A method of treating cancer in a subject, comprising administering to a subject having cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1, or a compound of Formula I or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the cancer is adrenocortical cancer, anal cancer, biliary cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, intestinal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thyroid cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, sarcoma, or a soft tissue carcinoma. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the cancer is osteosarcoma, glioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, cancer of the small intestine, bronchial cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, basal cell carcinoma, or melanoma. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the cancer is a the hematologic cancer. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the hematologic cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin's lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Hairy Cell chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), or multiple myeloma. 36. The method of claim 29, further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a second therapeutic agent. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the second therapeutic agent is an platinating agent, alkylating agent, anti-cancer antibiotic, antimetabolite, topoisomerase I inhibitor, topoisomerase II inhibitor, or antimicrotubule agent. 38. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I, or a tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopically enriched analog, or salt thereof: | 3,700 |
344,399 | 16,803,871 | 3,771 | The present invention relates to a resist composition, especially for use in the production of electronic components via electron beam lithography. In addition to the usual base polymeric component (resist polymer), a secondary electron generator is included in resist compositions of the invention in order to promote secondary electron generation. This unique combination of components increases the exposure sensitivity of resists in a controlled fashion which facilitates the effective production of high-resolution patterned substrates (and consequential electronic components), but at much higher write speeds. | 1. A secondary electron generating (SEG) composition comprising:
a secondary electron generator comprising a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) greater than or equal to 30 (optionally where Zeff excludes any solvates having a boiling point less than or equal to 150° C. at 100 kPa pressure); and (ii) a base component 2. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is a resist composition, optionally an electron beam resist composition and/or a photoresist composition. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator or compound(s) thereof has a Zeff of at least 20 units higher than the base component, a density greater than that of the base component, or a density greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cm3. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator is or comprises a metal compound comprising a metal species having an oxidation state of +1 or higher and an atomic number (Z) greater than or equal to 57. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator is soluble in the SEG composition. 13. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the base component is or comprises a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) less than or equal to 10. 14-20. (canceled) 21. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is a resist composition comprising:
(i) a base component having an effective atomic number (Zeff) less than or equal to 15 and having a density less than or equal to 2 g/cm3; and (ii) a secondary electron generator comprising a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) greater than or equal to 30 and a density greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cm3; and (iii) optionally a cross-linking agent; 22-33. (canceled) 34. A method of fabricating an integrated circuit die or an integrated circuit wafer comprising a plurality of integrated circuit dice, the or each die comprising a plurality of electronic components, wherein the method comprises:
i) providing an SEG-coated substrate comprising a base substrate and an SEG coating; and ii) exposing part(s) of the SEG coating to radiation to provide an exposed SEG coating;
AND
iii) developing the exposed SEG coating to generate an SEG pattern layer, the SEG pattern layer comprising: developer-insoluble coating portions of the SEG coating (i.e. ridges); and an array of grooves extending through the SEG pattern layer; iv) modifying the substrate, substrate surface, or part(s) thereof, underlying the SEG pattern layer; v) removing the SEG pattern layer to provide a modified substrate; vi) optionally repeating, one or more times, step iv) and/or steps i)-v) with either an SEG coating or an alternative resist coating upon the modified substrate; vii) optionally conductively interconnecting the electronic components of the or each die with conductor(s) (if not already performed during one or more substrate/substrate-surface modifying steps) to provide an integrated circuit with external contact terminals; viii) optionally performing one or more further finishing steps; ix) optionally separating an integrated circuit die from a wafer comprising a plurality of integrated circuit dice; 35. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit package, the integrated circuit package comprising a plurality of pins and an integrated circuit die with external contact terminals conductively connected to the corresponding plurality of pins, wherein the method comprises:
i) fabricating an integrated circuit die by a method of fabricating an integrated circuit die as claimed in claim 34; ii) attaching the integrated circuit die to a package substrate, wherein the package substrate comprises electrical contacts, each of the electrical contacts being optionally connected or connectable to a corresponding pin; iii) conductively connecting each of the external contact terminals of the integrated circuit die to corresponding electrical contacts of the package substrate; iv) optionally (and if necessary) connecting the electrical contacts of the package substrate to corresponding pins; v) encapsulating the integrated circuit die. 36. A method of producing a circuit board, the method comprising manufacturing an integrated circuit package as claimed in claim 35; and conductively connecting the integrated circuit package to a circuit board. 37. A method of producing an electronic device, the method comprising producing a circuit board as claimed in claim 36; and incorporating the circuit board into an electronic device. 38. (canceled) 39. An integrated circuit die or integrated circuit wafer obtained by the method of claim 34. 40. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is free of any particulate matter. 41. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base component has a density less than or equal to 2.0 g/cm3, and a Zeff less than or equal to 15. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein the radiation used in exposing part(s) of the SEG coating to radiation is selected from electron beam radiation or UV radiation. | The present invention relates to a resist composition, especially for use in the production of electronic components via electron beam lithography. In addition to the usual base polymeric component (resist polymer), a secondary electron generator is included in resist compositions of the invention in order to promote secondary electron generation. This unique combination of components increases the exposure sensitivity of resists in a controlled fashion which facilitates the effective production of high-resolution patterned substrates (and consequential electronic components), but at much higher write speeds.1. A secondary electron generating (SEG) composition comprising:
a secondary electron generator comprising a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) greater than or equal to 30 (optionally where Zeff excludes any solvates having a boiling point less than or equal to 150° C. at 100 kPa pressure); and (ii) a base component 2. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is a resist composition, optionally an electron beam resist composition and/or a photoresist composition. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator or compound(s) thereof has a Zeff of at least 20 units higher than the base component, a density greater than that of the base component, or a density greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cm3. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator is or comprises a metal compound comprising a metal species having an oxidation state of +1 or higher and an atomic number (Z) greater than or equal to 57. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the secondary electron generator is soluble in the SEG composition. 13. The SEG composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the base component is or comprises a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) less than or equal to 10. 14-20. (canceled) 21. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is a resist composition comprising:
(i) a base component having an effective atomic number (Zeff) less than or equal to 15 and having a density less than or equal to 2 g/cm3; and (ii) a secondary electron generator comprising a compound having an effective atomic number (Zeff) greater than or equal to 30 and a density greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cm3; and (iii) optionally a cross-linking agent; 22-33. (canceled) 34. A method of fabricating an integrated circuit die or an integrated circuit wafer comprising a plurality of integrated circuit dice, the or each die comprising a plurality of electronic components, wherein the method comprises:
i) providing an SEG-coated substrate comprising a base substrate and an SEG coating; and ii) exposing part(s) of the SEG coating to radiation to provide an exposed SEG coating;
AND
iii) developing the exposed SEG coating to generate an SEG pattern layer, the SEG pattern layer comprising: developer-insoluble coating portions of the SEG coating (i.e. ridges); and an array of grooves extending through the SEG pattern layer; iv) modifying the substrate, substrate surface, or part(s) thereof, underlying the SEG pattern layer; v) removing the SEG pattern layer to provide a modified substrate; vi) optionally repeating, one or more times, step iv) and/or steps i)-v) with either an SEG coating or an alternative resist coating upon the modified substrate; vii) optionally conductively interconnecting the electronic components of the or each die with conductor(s) (if not already performed during one or more substrate/substrate-surface modifying steps) to provide an integrated circuit with external contact terminals; viii) optionally performing one or more further finishing steps; ix) optionally separating an integrated circuit die from a wafer comprising a plurality of integrated circuit dice; 35. A method of manufacturing an integrated circuit package, the integrated circuit package comprising a plurality of pins and an integrated circuit die with external contact terminals conductively connected to the corresponding plurality of pins, wherein the method comprises:
i) fabricating an integrated circuit die by a method of fabricating an integrated circuit die as claimed in claim 34; ii) attaching the integrated circuit die to a package substrate, wherein the package substrate comprises electrical contacts, each of the electrical contacts being optionally connected or connectable to a corresponding pin; iii) conductively connecting each of the external contact terminals of the integrated circuit die to corresponding electrical contacts of the package substrate; iv) optionally (and if necessary) connecting the electrical contacts of the package substrate to corresponding pins; v) encapsulating the integrated circuit die. 36. A method of producing a circuit board, the method comprising manufacturing an integrated circuit package as claimed in claim 35; and conductively connecting the integrated circuit package to a circuit board. 37. A method of producing an electronic device, the method comprising producing a circuit board as claimed in claim 36; and incorporating the circuit board into an electronic device. 38. (canceled) 39. An integrated circuit die or integrated circuit wafer obtained by the method of claim 34. 40. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SEG composition is free of any particulate matter. 41. The SEG composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base component has a density less than or equal to 2.0 g/cm3, and a Zeff less than or equal to 15. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein the radiation used in exposing part(s) of the SEG coating to radiation is selected from electron beam radiation or UV radiation. | 3,700 |
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