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341,600 | 16,801,959 | 3,784 | A plank exercise assembly for performing a plank exercise includes a panel that has a curved portion that can be positioned on a support surface. A block is coupled to and extends perpendicularly away from the panel and a pair of foot pegs is coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from the block in opposite directions from each other. Each of the foot pegs has a respective one of a user's feet is positioned between the foot pegs and the panel to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise. A pair of wedges is each coupled to the panel on an opposite side of the panel from the block. Each of the wedges has a sloped surface with respect to the panel that rests on the support surface when the panel is positioned in a ready position. | 1. A plank exercise assembly being configured to support a user's feet in a preferred orientation while performing a plank exercise, said assembly comprising:
a panel having a curved portion wherein said curved portion is configured to be positioned on a support surface; a block being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said panel; a pair of foot pegs, each of said foot pegs being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said block in opposite directions from each other, each of said foot pegs being spaced from said panel, each of said foot pegs having a respective one of a user's feet being positioned between said foot pegs and said panel wherein said panel is configured to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise; a pair of wedges, each of said wedges being coupled to said panel on an opposite side of said panel from said block, each of said wedges having a sloped surface with respect to said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges resting on the support surface when said panel is positioned in a ready position wherein said pair of wedges is configured to retain said panel at a preferred angle for positioning the user's feet beneath said pair of foot pegs; a pair of engagements, each of said engagements being pivotally coupled to a respective one of said wedges, each of said engagements having a respective end of a carrying strap being removably coupled thereto for carrying said panel; and a weight rod being removably attachable to said panel for increasing difficulty of the plank exercise. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising said panel has a front surface, a back surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a first lateral side, a second lateral side, a front side and a back side, said front side being convexly arcuate between each of said first lateral side and said second lateral side to define said curved portion of said panel, each of said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side being comprised of a resilient material wherein said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side are configured to resist being degraded by friction, said front surface being textured for enhancing gripping said front surface. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said back side of said perimeter edge has a rod well extending toward said front side of said perimeter edge, said rod well being centrally positioned along said back side 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said block is positioned on said front surface of said panel, said block having a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface and a distal surface with respect to said front surface of said panel, said block being oriented to extend along an axis being oriented parallel to said first lateral side and said second lateral side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said block being centrally positioned on said panel, said block being positioned adjacent to said front side of said perimeter edge of said panel. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein each of said foot pegs extends away from a respective one of said first lateral surface or said second lateral surface of said block, each of said foot pegs being positioned adjacent to said distal surface of said block. 6. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a pair of cushions, each of said cushions being positioned around a respective one of said foot pegs, each of said cushions being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein each of said cushions is configured to enhance comfort for the user, each of said cushions extending substantially along the length of said respective foot peg. 7. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of said wedges has a first end, a second end and a coupled surface extending therebetween, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being coupled to said back surface of said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges angling away from said back surface of said panel between said second end and said first end of said wedges. 8. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein said coupled surface of each of said wedges is curved between said first end and said second end, each of said wedges extending substantially between said front side and said back side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said wedges being spaced apart from each other having said second end of each of said wedges being directed toward each other. 9. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of said engagements is positioned on an outwardly facing surface of said respective wedge, each of said engagements being positioned adjacent to said first end of said respective wedge. 10. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said weight rod has a first end and a second end, said first end being insertable into said rod well. 11. The assembly according to claim 10, further comprising a weight being positionable around said weight rod wherein said weight is configured to increase resistance placed on the user's back muscles while performing the plank exercise. 10. A plank exercise assembly being configured to support a user's feet in a preferred orientation while performing a plank exercise, said assembly comprising:
a panel having a curved portion wherein said curved portion is configured to be positioned on a support surface, said panel having a front surface, a back surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a first lateral side, a second lateral side, a front side and a back side, said front side being convexly arcuate between each of said first lateral side and said second lateral side to define said curved portion of said panel, each of said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side being comprised of a resilient material wherein said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side are configured to resist being degraded by friction, said front surface being textured for enhancing gripping said front surface, said back side of said perimeter edge has a rod well extending toward said front side of said perimeter edge, said rod well being centrally positioned along said back side; a block being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said panel, said block being positioned on said front surface of said panel, said block having a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface and a distal surface with respect to said front surface of said panel, said block being oriented to extend along an axis being oriented parallel to said first lateral side and said second lateral side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said block being centrally positioned on said panel, said block being positioned adjacent to said front side of said perimeter edge of said panel; a pair of foot pegs, each of said foot pegs being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said block in opposite directions from each other, each of said foot pegs being spaced from said panel, each of said foot pegs having a respective one of a user's feet being positioned between said foot pegs and said panel wherein said panel is configured to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise, each of said foot pegs extending away from a respective one of said first lateral surface or said second lateral surface of said block, each of said foot pegs being positioned adjacent to said distal surface of said block; a pair of cushions, each of said cushions being positioned around a respective one of said foot pegs, each of said cushions being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein each of said cushions is configured to enhance comfort for the user, each of said cushions extending substantially along the length of said respective foot peg; a pair of wedges, each of said wedges being coupled to said panel on an opposite side of said panel from said block, each of said wedges having a sloped surface with respect to said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges resting on the support surface when said panel is positioned in a ready position wherein said pair of wedges is configured to retain said panel at a preferred angle for positioning the user's feet beneath said pair of foot pegs, each of said wedges having a first end, a second end and a coupled surface extending therebetween, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being coupled to said back surface of said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges angling away from said back surface of said panel between said second end and said first end of said wedges, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being curved between said first end and said second end, each of said wedges extending substantially between said front side and said back side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said wedges being spaced apart from each other having said second end of each of said wedges being directed toward each other; a pair of engagements, each of said engagements being pivotally coupled to a respective one of said wedges, each of said engagements having a respective end of a carrying strap being removably coupled thereto for carrying said panel, each of said engagements being positioned on an outwardly facing surface of said respective wedge, each of said engagements being positioned adjacent to said first end of said respective wedge; a weight rod being removably attachable to said panel for increasing difficulty of the plank exercise, said weight rod having a first end and a second end, said first end being insertable into said rod well; and a weight being positionable around said weight rod wherein said weight is configured to increase resistance placed on the user's back muscles while performing the plank exercise. | A plank exercise assembly for performing a plank exercise includes a panel that has a curved portion that can be positioned on a support surface. A block is coupled to and extends perpendicularly away from the panel and a pair of foot pegs is coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from the block in opposite directions from each other. Each of the foot pegs has a respective one of a user's feet is positioned between the foot pegs and the panel to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise. A pair of wedges is each coupled to the panel on an opposite side of the panel from the block. Each of the wedges has a sloped surface with respect to the panel that rests on the support surface when the panel is positioned in a ready position.1. A plank exercise assembly being configured to support a user's feet in a preferred orientation while performing a plank exercise, said assembly comprising:
a panel having a curved portion wherein said curved portion is configured to be positioned on a support surface; a block being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said panel; a pair of foot pegs, each of said foot pegs being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said block in opposite directions from each other, each of said foot pegs being spaced from said panel, each of said foot pegs having a respective one of a user's feet being positioned between said foot pegs and said panel wherein said panel is configured to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise; a pair of wedges, each of said wedges being coupled to said panel on an opposite side of said panel from said block, each of said wedges having a sloped surface with respect to said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges resting on the support surface when said panel is positioned in a ready position wherein said pair of wedges is configured to retain said panel at a preferred angle for positioning the user's feet beneath said pair of foot pegs; a pair of engagements, each of said engagements being pivotally coupled to a respective one of said wedges, each of said engagements having a respective end of a carrying strap being removably coupled thereto for carrying said panel; and a weight rod being removably attachable to said panel for increasing difficulty of the plank exercise. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising said panel has a front surface, a back surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a first lateral side, a second lateral side, a front side and a back side, said front side being convexly arcuate between each of said first lateral side and said second lateral side to define said curved portion of said panel, each of said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side being comprised of a resilient material wherein said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side are configured to resist being degraded by friction, said front surface being textured for enhancing gripping said front surface. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said back side of said perimeter edge has a rod well extending toward said front side of said perimeter edge, said rod well being centrally positioned along said back side 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said block is positioned on said front surface of said panel, said block having a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface and a distal surface with respect to said front surface of said panel, said block being oriented to extend along an axis being oriented parallel to said first lateral side and said second lateral side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said block being centrally positioned on said panel, said block being positioned adjacent to said front side of said perimeter edge of said panel. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein each of said foot pegs extends away from a respective one of said first lateral surface or said second lateral surface of said block, each of said foot pegs being positioned adjacent to said distal surface of said block. 6. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a pair of cushions, each of said cushions being positioned around a respective one of said foot pegs, each of said cushions being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein each of said cushions is configured to enhance comfort for the user, each of said cushions extending substantially along the length of said respective foot peg. 7. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of said wedges has a first end, a second end and a coupled surface extending therebetween, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being coupled to said back surface of said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges angling away from said back surface of said panel between said second end and said first end of said wedges. 8. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein said coupled surface of each of said wedges is curved between said first end and said second end, each of said wedges extending substantially between said front side and said back side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said wedges being spaced apart from each other having said second end of each of said wedges being directed toward each other. 9. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of said engagements is positioned on an outwardly facing surface of said respective wedge, each of said engagements being positioned adjacent to said first end of said respective wedge. 10. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said weight rod has a first end and a second end, said first end being insertable into said rod well. 11. The assembly according to claim 10, further comprising a weight being positionable around said weight rod wherein said weight is configured to increase resistance placed on the user's back muscles while performing the plank exercise. 10. A plank exercise assembly being configured to support a user's feet in a preferred orientation while performing a plank exercise, said assembly comprising:
a panel having a curved portion wherein said curved portion is configured to be positioned on a support surface, said panel having a front surface, a back surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a first lateral side, a second lateral side, a front side and a back side, said front side being convexly arcuate between each of said first lateral side and said second lateral side to define said curved portion of said panel, each of said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side being comprised of a resilient material wherein said first lateral side, said second lateral side and said front side are configured to resist being degraded by friction, said front surface being textured for enhancing gripping said front surface, said back side of said perimeter edge has a rod well extending toward said front side of said perimeter edge, said rod well being centrally positioned along said back side; a block being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said panel, said block being positioned on said front surface of said panel, said block having a first lateral surface, a second lateral surface and a distal surface with respect to said front surface of said panel, said block being oriented to extend along an axis being oriented parallel to said first lateral side and said second lateral side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said block being centrally positioned on said panel, said block being positioned adjacent to said front side of said perimeter edge of said panel; a pair of foot pegs, each of said foot pegs being coupled to and extending perpendicularly away from said block in opposite directions from each other, each of said foot pegs being spaced from said panel, each of said foot pegs having a respective one of a user's feet being positioned between said foot pegs and said panel wherein said panel is configured to position the user's feet in a preferred orientation for performing a plank exercise, each of said foot pegs extending away from a respective one of said first lateral surface or said second lateral surface of said block, each of said foot pegs being positioned adjacent to said distal surface of said block; a pair of cushions, each of said cushions being positioned around a respective one of said foot pegs, each of said cushions being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein each of said cushions is configured to enhance comfort for the user, each of said cushions extending substantially along the length of said respective foot peg; a pair of wedges, each of said wedges being coupled to said panel on an opposite side of said panel from said block, each of said wedges having a sloped surface with respect to said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges resting on the support surface when said panel is positioned in a ready position wherein said pair of wedges is configured to retain said panel at a preferred angle for positioning the user's feet beneath said pair of foot pegs, each of said wedges having a first end, a second end and a coupled surface extending therebetween, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being coupled to said back surface of said panel, said sloped surface of each of said wedges angling away from said back surface of said panel between said second end and said first end of said wedges, said coupled surface of each of said wedges being curved between said first end and said second end, each of said wedges extending substantially between said front side and said back side of said perimeter edge of said panel, said wedges being spaced apart from each other having said second end of each of said wedges being directed toward each other; a pair of engagements, each of said engagements being pivotally coupled to a respective one of said wedges, each of said engagements having a respective end of a carrying strap being removably coupled thereto for carrying said panel, each of said engagements being positioned on an outwardly facing surface of said respective wedge, each of said engagements being positioned adjacent to said first end of said respective wedge; a weight rod being removably attachable to said panel for increasing difficulty of the plank exercise, said weight rod having a first end and a second end, said first end being insertable into said rod well; and a weight being positionable around said weight rod wherein said weight is configured to increase resistance placed on the user's back muscles while performing the plank exercise. | 3,700 |
341,601 | 16,801,960 | 3,784 | A rotor of a rotary electric machine includes: a rotor core; a plurality of magnets; and a rotor shaft. The rotor core includes: a plurality of magnet attaching grooves formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core and in which the magnets are disposed; an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; and a refrigerant distribution plate. The refrigerant distribution plate includes: a first refrigerant distribution plate in which an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from an in-shaft flow path toward the in-core flow path as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and a second refrigerant distribution plate in which an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-core flow path toward the magnet attaching groove as viewed from the axial direction is formed. The first refrigerant distribution plate and the second refrigerant distribution plate are stacked in the axial direction. | 1. A rotor of a rotary electric machine comprising:
a rotor core: a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core, wherein: the rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied; the rotor core includes:
a plurality of magnet attaching grooves formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core and in which the magnets are disposed;
an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; and
a refrigerant distribution plate;
the refrigerant distribution plate includes:
a first refrigerant distribution plate in which an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path toward the in-core flow path as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and
a second refrigerant distribution plate in which an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-core flow path toward the magnet attaching groove as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and
the first refrigerant distribution plate and the second refrigerant distribution plate are stacked in the axial direction. 2. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the first refrigerant distribution plate includes a first refrigerant storage portion provided to overlap with the in-core flow path in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extends in a radial direction of the rotor core from the in-shaft flow path toward the first refrigerant storage portion; the second refrigerant distribution plate includes a second refrigerant storage portion provided to overlap with the in-core flow path in the circumferential direction of the rotor core; and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extends in the radial direction from the second refrigerant storage portion toward the magnet attaching groove. 3. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein
a plurality of the in-core flow paths, the first refrigerant storage portions, and the second refrigerant storage portions are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. 4. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 3, wherein
the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extend in the radial direction between the magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction. 5. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein
a circumferential width of the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path becomes wider from the second refrigerant storage portion toward the magnet attaching groove. 6. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
an axial width of the first refrigerant distribution plate is set to be wider than an axial width of the second refrigerant distribution plate. 7. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second refrigerant distribution plate is disposed between a pair of the first refrigerant distribution plates. 8. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of magnet attaching grooves in which magnets are arranged are provided on an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant distribution plate; and the magnet is arranged in the magnet attaching groove. 9. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor core includes a first rotor core and a second rotor core; and the first rotor core and the second rotor core are arranged so as to face each other across the refrigerant distribution plate in the axial direction. | A rotor of a rotary electric machine includes: a rotor core; a plurality of magnets; and a rotor shaft. The rotor core includes: a plurality of magnet attaching grooves formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core and in which the magnets are disposed; an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; and a refrigerant distribution plate. The refrigerant distribution plate includes: a first refrigerant distribution plate in which an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from an in-shaft flow path toward the in-core flow path as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and a second refrigerant distribution plate in which an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-core flow path toward the magnet attaching groove as viewed from the axial direction is formed. The first refrigerant distribution plate and the second refrigerant distribution plate are stacked in the axial direction.1. A rotor of a rotary electric machine comprising:
a rotor core: a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core, wherein: the rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied; the rotor core includes:
a plurality of magnet attaching grooves formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core and in which the magnets are disposed;
an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; and
a refrigerant distribution plate;
the refrigerant distribution plate includes:
a first refrigerant distribution plate in which an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path toward the in-core flow path as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and
a second refrigerant distribution plate in which an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extending from the in-core flow path toward the magnet attaching groove as viewed from the axial direction is formed; and
the first refrigerant distribution plate and the second refrigerant distribution plate are stacked in the axial direction. 2. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the first refrigerant distribution plate includes a first refrigerant storage portion provided to overlap with the in-core flow path in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extends in a radial direction of the rotor core from the in-shaft flow path toward the first refrigerant storage portion; the second refrigerant distribution plate includes a second refrigerant storage portion provided to overlap with the in-core flow path in the circumferential direction of the rotor core; and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extends in the radial direction from the second refrigerant storage portion toward the magnet attaching groove. 3. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein
a plurality of the in-core flow paths, the first refrigerant storage portions, and the second refrigerant storage portions are arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. 4. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 3, wherein
the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path extend in the radial direction between the magnets adjacent in the circumferential direction. 5. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein
a circumferential width of the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path becomes wider from the second refrigerant storage portion toward the magnet attaching groove. 6. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
an axial width of the first refrigerant distribution plate is set to be wider than an axial width of the second refrigerant distribution plate. 7. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
the second refrigerant distribution plate is disposed between a pair of the first refrigerant distribution plates. 8. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of magnet attaching grooves in which magnets are arranged are provided on an outer peripheral surface of the refrigerant distribution plate; and the magnet is arranged in the magnet attaching groove. 9. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor core includes a first rotor core and a second rotor core; and the first rotor core and the second rotor core are arranged so as to face each other across the refrigerant distribution plate in the axial direction. | 3,700 |
341,602 | 16,801,934 | 3,784 | An amplification waveguide device and an amplification beam steering apparatus are provided. The amplification beam steering apparatus includes a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom, a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer, and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams traveling through the plurality of waveguides. | 1. An amplification beam steering apparatus comprising:
a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom; a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer; and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams output from the beam steerer and traveling through the plurality of waveguides, wherein an interval of output ports of the plurality of waveguides is wider than an interval of input ports of the plurality of waveguides such that output directions of light are adjusted at various angles. 2. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier or an ion-doped amplifier. 3. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a first clad layer, a second clad layer, and a core layer disposed between the first clad layer and the second clad layer, and
wherein a refractive index of the core layer is higher than refractive indices of the first clad layer and the second clad layer. 4. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 3, wherein at least one of the core layer, the first clad layer and the second clad layer is doped with doping ions comprising erbium (Er). 5. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a coupler configured to couple the light beams from the beam steerer, such that light beams output from the coupler are incident on the light amplifier. 6. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupler comprises at least one of a collimating lens, an optical fiber, and a grating. 7. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a groove configured to receive the coupler. 8. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a first conductive layer, a III-V family or II-VI family compound semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer. 9. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection coating layer provided on each of an incident surface and an emitting surface of the light amplifier. 10. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier is provided above the plurality of waveguides. 11. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier is stacked on the plurality of waveguides. 12. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam steerer is configured to cause the light beams to be incident on the plurality of waveguides from above the plurality of waveguides, and
each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a first grating on a surface on which a light beam is incident, and a second grating on a surface from which the light beam amplified by the light amplifier is output. 13. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a lower clad layer, an active layer, and an upper clad layer. 14. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 13, wherein the active layer comprises InGaAs, InGaNAs, InGaAsP, or InAlGaAs. 15. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the lower clad layer and the upper clad layer comprises GaAs, GaP, AlGaAs, InGaP, GaAs, or InP. 16. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam steerer has a meta structure or an optical phased array (OPA) structure. 17. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein a core layer of the plurality of waveguides is in direct contact with the light amplifier. 18. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output ports of the plurality of waveguides are arranged radially . 19. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of waveguides comprise at least one of curved structure, straight structure, and bent structure. | An amplification waveguide device and an amplification beam steering apparatus are provided. The amplification beam steering apparatus includes a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom, a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer, and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams traveling through the plurality of waveguides.1. An amplification beam steering apparatus comprising:
a beam steerer configured to control emission directions of light beams output therefrom; a plurality of waveguides configured to guide the light beams output from the beam steerer; and a light amplifier configured to amplify the light beams output from the beam steerer and traveling through the plurality of waveguides, wherein an interval of output ports of the plurality of waveguides is wider than an interval of input ports of the plurality of waveguides such that output directions of light are adjusted at various angles. 2. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier or an ion-doped amplifier. 3. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a first clad layer, a second clad layer, and a core layer disposed between the first clad layer and the second clad layer, and
wherein a refractive index of the core layer is higher than refractive indices of the first clad layer and the second clad layer. 4. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 3, wherein at least one of the core layer, the first clad layer and the second clad layer is doped with doping ions comprising erbium (Er). 5. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a coupler configured to couple the light beams from the beam steerer, such that light beams output from the coupler are incident on the light amplifier. 6. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupler comprises at least one of a collimating lens, an optical fiber, and a grating. 7. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 5, wherein each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a groove configured to receive the coupler. 8. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a first conductive layer, a III-V family or II-VI family compound semiconductor layer, and a second conductive layer. 9. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection coating layer provided on each of an incident surface and an emitting surface of the light amplifier. 10. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier is provided above the plurality of waveguides. 11. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier is stacked on the plurality of waveguides. 12. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam steerer is configured to cause the light beams to be incident on the plurality of waveguides from above the plurality of waveguides, and
each of the plurality of waveguides comprises a first grating on a surface on which a light beam is incident, and a second grating on a surface from which the light beam amplified by the light amplifier is output. 13. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light amplifier comprises a lower clad layer, an active layer, and an upper clad layer. 14. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 13, wherein the active layer comprises InGaAs, InGaNAs, InGaAsP, or InAlGaAs. 15. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the lower clad layer and the upper clad layer comprises GaAs, GaP, AlGaAs, InGaP, GaAs, or InP. 16. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam steerer has a meta structure or an optical phased array (OPA) structure. 17. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein a core layer of the plurality of waveguides is in direct contact with the light amplifier. 18. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the output ports of the plurality of waveguides are arranged radially . 19. The amplification beam steering apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of waveguides comprise at least one of curved structure, straight structure, and bent structure. | 3,700 |
341,603 | 16,801,958 | 3,724 | The invention relates to tube perforating machine for perforating a hollow tube. The powered machine includes a mechanical timing system comprising a Geneva mechanism so that perforations are punched when the tube is held stationary and perforations cannot be punched when the tube is rotating or moving longitudinally within the machine. | 1. A tube perforating machine for perforating a hollow tube, wherein the machine comprises:
a. a drive motor; b. a punch head powered by the drive motor, wherein the punch head comprises:
i. an actuator hub comprising an annulus for receiving the tube and also comprising one or more tube perforating sets, each tube perforating set comprising a clamp, a clamp actuator, a punch and a punch actuator, wherein each tube perforating set is housed within an actuator housing located in the actuator hub and is able to move between an engaged position in which the clamp presses against the tube when located in the annulus and the punch punches through the tube, and a disengaged position in which the clamp and punch both release contact with the tube;
ii. a rotating portion comprising an annulus within which the actuator hub is received, wherein the rotating portion is configured to engage and disengage with the clamp actuator and punch actuator to move the clamp and punch between the engaged and disengaged positions;
c. an axial drive system comprising a carriage on which the tube is mounted; and d. a timing system powered by the motor and comprising a Geneva mechanism operatively connected to the carriage to move the carriage toward and away from the punch head when each perforating set is in the disengaged position. 2. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the annulus of the actuator hub comprises a replaceable tube guide. 3. The tube perforating machine of claim 2, wherein the actuator housing(s) is/are each defined by a first aperture, provided in an inner wall of the tube guide, a second aperture provided in a circular outer peripheral surface of the actuator hub, and a hollow extending between the first and second apertures. 4. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein each perforating set also comprises a punch holder that holds the punch and engages with the punch actuator to move the punch between the disengaged position to the engaged position. 5. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the actuator hub comprises eight actuator housings, spaced equidistant about the actuator hub, and eight perforating sets, each set being located in a respective one of the actuator housings. 6. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a first drive wheel driven by the drive motor and operatively connected to a Geneva drive wheel of the Geneva mechanism to rotate the Geneva drive wheel. 7. The tube perforating machine of claim 6, wherein the Geneva mechanism also comprises a Geneva driven wheel,
wherein the Geneva drive wheel comprises one or more outwardly facing curved bearing surfaces, one or more gaps located between the bearing surfaces, and an engagement member located within each of the gaps; wherein the Geneva driven wheel comprises an outwardly facing surface comprising one or more recessed regions, a projection between adjacent recessed regions, and a radial opening that extends from a maximum point of each projection toward a central point of the Geneva driven wheel; and wherein each radial opening of the Geneva driven wheel is configured to slidingly receive one of the engagement members of the Geneva drive wheel to rotate the Geneva driven wheel when engaged with the rotating Geneva drive wheel. 8. The tube perforating machine of claim 7, wherein the radial openings define channels formed in a rear surface of the Geneva driven wheel. 9. The tube perforating machine of claim 7, wherein the Geneva drive wheel comprises four bearing surfaces, a gap between each of the bearing surfaces, and an engagement member located within each gap. 10. The tube perforating machine of claim 9, wherein the Geneva driven wheel comprises four projections and four recessed regions to form a Maltese cross shape. 11. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a radial drive system operatively connected to the Geneva mechanism to rotate the tube when each perforating set is in the disengaged position. 12. The tube perforating machine of claim 11, wherein the linear drive system further comprises an axial drive shaft operatively connected to the Geneva driven wheel; a radial drive pulley; a radial driven pulley; and a radial drive belt operatively connected to the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley to rotate the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley. 13. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley rotate in a 2:1 ratio. 14. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the carriage comprises a chuck to receive and hold one end of the tube. 15. The tube perforating machine of claim 14, wherein the chuck comprises a plurality of collets that clamp onto to the tube to hold the tube within the chuck. 16. The tube perforating machine of claim 15, wherein the axial drive system comprises a ball spline that engages with a carriage driving gear, which engages with a carriage driven gear, which engages with the chuck to rotate the chuck as the radial drive pulley rotates. 17. The tube perforating machine of claim 16, wherein the chuck rotates 22.5° for every 90° rotation of the radial drive pulley. 18. The tube perforating machine of claim 16, wherein the chuck is able to rotate the tube when each of the tube perforating sets is in the disengaged position. 19. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the linear drive system further comprises a linear drive pulley, a linear driven pulley and a linear drive belt operatively connected to the radial driven pulley, linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley so that rotation of the radial driven pulley causes rotation of the linear drive belt and the linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley. 20. The tube perforating machine of claim 19, wherein the linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley are interchangeable with pulleys of different tooth counts to change the linear pitch of the machine. 21. The tube perforating machine of claim 19, wherein the linear drive system further comprises a ball screw having a longitudinal axis generally parallel with the tube, and wherein the ball screw engages with the linear driven pulley and is caused to rotate as the linear driven pulley rotates. 22. The tube perforating machine of 21, wherein the ball screw is operatively connected to the carriage such that rotation of the ball screw in one direction causes the carriage to move toward or away from the punch head. 23. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a carriage backstop to selectively adjust the position of the carriage in relation to the punch head. 24. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a proximity sensor operatively connected with the motor to cut power to the motor when the carriage reaches a predetermined distance from the punch head. 25. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the machine further comprises a die locatable within the tube and comprising one or more bores, each bore comprising a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of a cutting end of one of the punches plus a clearance based on the thickness of the material of the tube to be perforated. | The invention relates to tube perforating machine for perforating a hollow tube. The powered machine includes a mechanical timing system comprising a Geneva mechanism so that perforations are punched when the tube is held stationary and perforations cannot be punched when the tube is rotating or moving longitudinally within the machine.1. A tube perforating machine for perforating a hollow tube, wherein the machine comprises:
a. a drive motor; b. a punch head powered by the drive motor, wherein the punch head comprises:
i. an actuator hub comprising an annulus for receiving the tube and also comprising one or more tube perforating sets, each tube perforating set comprising a clamp, a clamp actuator, a punch and a punch actuator, wherein each tube perforating set is housed within an actuator housing located in the actuator hub and is able to move between an engaged position in which the clamp presses against the tube when located in the annulus and the punch punches through the tube, and a disengaged position in which the clamp and punch both release contact with the tube;
ii. a rotating portion comprising an annulus within which the actuator hub is received, wherein the rotating portion is configured to engage and disengage with the clamp actuator and punch actuator to move the clamp and punch between the engaged and disengaged positions;
c. an axial drive system comprising a carriage on which the tube is mounted; and d. a timing system powered by the motor and comprising a Geneva mechanism operatively connected to the carriage to move the carriage toward and away from the punch head when each perforating set is in the disengaged position. 2. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the annulus of the actuator hub comprises a replaceable tube guide. 3. The tube perforating machine of claim 2, wherein the actuator housing(s) is/are each defined by a first aperture, provided in an inner wall of the tube guide, a second aperture provided in a circular outer peripheral surface of the actuator hub, and a hollow extending between the first and second apertures. 4. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein each perforating set also comprises a punch holder that holds the punch and engages with the punch actuator to move the punch between the disengaged position to the engaged position. 5. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the actuator hub comprises eight actuator housings, spaced equidistant about the actuator hub, and eight perforating sets, each set being located in a respective one of the actuator housings. 6. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a first drive wheel driven by the drive motor and operatively connected to a Geneva drive wheel of the Geneva mechanism to rotate the Geneva drive wheel. 7. The tube perforating machine of claim 6, wherein the Geneva mechanism also comprises a Geneva driven wheel,
wherein the Geneva drive wheel comprises one or more outwardly facing curved bearing surfaces, one or more gaps located between the bearing surfaces, and an engagement member located within each of the gaps; wherein the Geneva driven wheel comprises an outwardly facing surface comprising one or more recessed regions, a projection between adjacent recessed regions, and a radial opening that extends from a maximum point of each projection toward a central point of the Geneva driven wheel; and wherein each radial opening of the Geneva driven wheel is configured to slidingly receive one of the engagement members of the Geneva drive wheel to rotate the Geneva driven wheel when engaged with the rotating Geneva drive wheel. 8. The tube perforating machine of claim 7, wherein the radial openings define channels formed in a rear surface of the Geneva driven wheel. 9. The tube perforating machine of claim 7, wherein the Geneva drive wheel comprises four bearing surfaces, a gap between each of the bearing surfaces, and an engagement member located within each gap. 10. The tube perforating machine of claim 9, wherein the Geneva driven wheel comprises four projections and four recessed regions to form a Maltese cross shape. 11. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a radial drive system operatively connected to the Geneva mechanism to rotate the tube when each perforating set is in the disengaged position. 12. The tube perforating machine of claim 11, wherein the linear drive system further comprises an axial drive shaft operatively connected to the Geneva driven wheel; a radial drive pulley; a radial driven pulley; and a radial drive belt operatively connected to the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley to rotate the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley. 13. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the radial drive pulley and the radial driven pulley rotate in a 2:1 ratio. 14. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the carriage comprises a chuck to receive and hold one end of the tube. 15. The tube perforating machine of claim 14, wherein the chuck comprises a plurality of collets that clamp onto to the tube to hold the tube within the chuck. 16. The tube perforating machine of claim 15, wherein the axial drive system comprises a ball spline that engages with a carriage driving gear, which engages with a carriage driven gear, which engages with the chuck to rotate the chuck as the radial drive pulley rotates. 17. The tube perforating machine of claim 16, wherein the chuck rotates 22.5° for every 90° rotation of the radial drive pulley. 18. The tube perforating machine of claim 16, wherein the chuck is able to rotate the tube when each of the tube perforating sets is in the disengaged position. 19. The tube perforating machine of claim 12, wherein the linear drive system further comprises a linear drive pulley, a linear driven pulley and a linear drive belt operatively connected to the radial driven pulley, linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley so that rotation of the radial driven pulley causes rotation of the linear drive belt and the linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley. 20. The tube perforating machine of claim 19, wherein the linear drive pulley and linear driven pulley are interchangeable with pulleys of different tooth counts to change the linear pitch of the machine. 21. The tube perforating machine of claim 19, wherein the linear drive system further comprises a ball screw having a longitudinal axis generally parallel with the tube, and wherein the ball screw engages with the linear driven pulley and is caused to rotate as the linear driven pulley rotates. 22. The tube perforating machine of 21, wherein the ball screw is operatively connected to the carriage such that rotation of the ball screw in one direction causes the carriage to move toward or away from the punch head. 23. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a carriage backstop to selectively adjust the position of the carriage in relation to the punch head. 24. The tube perforating machine of claim 1 and further comprising a proximity sensor operatively connected with the motor to cut power to the motor when the carriage reaches a predetermined distance from the punch head. 25. The tube perforating machine of claim 1, wherein the machine further comprises a die locatable within the tube and comprising one or more bores, each bore comprising a diameter that corresponds to the diameter of a cutting end of one of the punches plus a clearance based on the thickness of the material of the tube to be perforated. | 3,700 |
341,604 | 16,801,906 | 3,724 | A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein includes a core substrate including first and second wiring layers disposed on different levels and one or more insulating layers disposed between the first and second wiring layers, having a cavity in which a stopper layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the cavity, and including a groove disposed around the stopper layer on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; an insulating material covering at least a portion of each of the core substrate and the electronic component and disposed in at least a portion of each of the cavity and the groove; and a third wiring layer disposed on the insulating material. The stopper layer protrudes on the bottom surface. | 1. A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein, comprising:
a core substrate including first and second wiring layers disposed on different levels and one or more insulating layers disposed between the first and second wiring layers, having a cavity in which a stopper layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the cavity, and including a groove disposed around the stopper layer on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; and an insulating material covering at least a portion of each of the core substrate and the electronic component and disposed in at least a portion of each of the cavity and the groove, wherein the stopper layer protrudes on the bottom surface. 2. The substrate of claim 1,
wherein the one or more insulating layers include a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and wherein the stopper layer protrudes on the first insulating layer in the cavity. 3. The substrate of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of a side surface of the stopper layer is covered with the insulating material. 4. The substrate of claim 2,
wherein the cavity penetrates through the second insulating layer from a surface opposing a surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, towards the surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, and wherein the groove extends in a portion of the first insulating layer from a surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer towards a surface opposing the surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer. 5. The substrate of claim 2, wherein the first wiring layer is disposed on a surface of the first insulating layer opposing the surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer, the second wiring layer is disposed on a surface of the second insulating layer opposing the surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, and the first and second wiring layers are connected to each other through a through-via penetrating the first and second insulating layers. 6. The substrate of claim 5, wherein the stopper layer is disposed on a level between the first and second wiring layers. 7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the stopper layer has a thickness less than a thickness of each of the first and second wiring layers. 8. The substrate of claim 7, wherein the stopper layer is disposed only in a region surrounded by the cavity. 9. The substrate of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the stopper layer has a tapered profile. 10. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the electronic component has a first surface on which a connection pad is disposed and a second surface opposing the first surface, and is disposed in the cavity such that the second surface faces the stopper layer. 11. The substrate of claim 10, further comprising an adhesive disposed between the second surface of the electronic component and the stopper layer to attach the second surface of the electronic component to the stopper layer. 12. The substrate of claim 1, further comprising a third wiring layer disposed on the insulating material. 13. The substrate of claim 12, wherein the third wiring layer is connected to the second wiring layer and a connection pad of the electronic component through a connection via penetrating the insulating material. 14. The substrate of claim 12, further comprising:
a first passivation layer disposed on a side opposing a side of the core substrate on which the insulating material is disposed, and having a first opening for exposing a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second passivation layer disposed on a side opposing a side of the insulating material on which the core substrate is disposed, and having a second opening for exposing a portion of the third wiring layer. 15. The substrate of claim 14, further comprising:
an electrical connector metal disposed on the first opening and connected to a portion of the exposed first wiring layer. 16. The substrate of claim 14, further comprising:
a component disposed on the second passivation layer and connected to a portion of the exposed third wiring layer, wherein the component includes at least one of an active component or a passive component. 17. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the stopper layer is composed of a metal. 18. A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein, comprising:
a core substrate including a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed on an upper surface of the first insulating layer, a first wiring layer disposed on a lower surface of the first insulating layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on an upper surface of the second insulating layer, having a cavity penetrating the second insulating layer and having an upper surface of the first insulating layer as a bottom surface of the cavity and a groove extending in a portion of the first insulating layer disposed around the bottom surface, and having a stopper layer disposed on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; an insulating material laminated on the core substrate and the electronic component; and a third wiring layer disposed on the insulting material, wherein the stopper layer is disposed between the first and second wiring layers. 19. The substrate of claim 18,
wherein the cavity has first and second walls having first and second slopes, respectively, wherein the groove extends from the first wall of the cavity, and wherein a slope of the first wall is less than a slope of the second wall. 20. The substrate of claim 18, wherein the stopper layer is composed of a metal. | A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein includes a core substrate including first and second wiring layers disposed on different levels and one or more insulating layers disposed between the first and second wiring layers, having a cavity in which a stopper layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the cavity, and including a groove disposed around the stopper layer on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; an insulating material covering at least a portion of each of the core substrate and the electronic component and disposed in at least a portion of each of the cavity and the groove; and a third wiring layer disposed on the insulating material. The stopper layer protrudes on the bottom surface.1. A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein, comprising:
a core substrate including first and second wiring layers disposed on different levels and one or more insulating layers disposed between the first and second wiring layers, having a cavity in which a stopper layer is disposed on a bottom surface of the cavity, and including a groove disposed around the stopper layer on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; and an insulating material covering at least a portion of each of the core substrate and the electronic component and disposed in at least a portion of each of the cavity and the groove, wherein the stopper layer protrudes on the bottom surface. 2. The substrate of claim 1,
wherein the one or more insulating layers include a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, and wherein the stopper layer protrudes on the first insulating layer in the cavity. 3. The substrate of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of a side surface of the stopper layer is covered with the insulating material. 4. The substrate of claim 2,
wherein the cavity penetrates through the second insulating layer from a surface opposing a surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, towards the surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, and wherein the groove extends in a portion of the first insulating layer from a surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer towards a surface opposing the surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer. 5. The substrate of claim 2, wherein the first wiring layer is disposed on a surface of the first insulating layer opposing the surface of the first insulating layer connected to the second insulating layer, the second wiring layer is disposed on a surface of the second insulating layer opposing the surface of the second insulating layer connected to the first insulating layer, and the first and second wiring layers are connected to each other through a through-via penetrating the first and second insulating layers. 6. The substrate of claim 5, wherein the stopper layer is disposed on a level between the first and second wiring layers. 7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the stopper layer has a thickness less than a thickness of each of the first and second wiring layers. 8. The substrate of claim 7, wherein the stopper layer is disposed only in a region surrounded by the cavity. 9. The substrate of claim 1, wherein a side surface of the stopper layer has a tapered profile. 10. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the electronic component has a first surface on which a connection pad is disposed and a second surface opposing the first surface, and is disposed in the cavity such that the second surface faces the stopper layer. 11. The substrate of claim 10, further comprising an adhesive disposed between the second surface of the electronic component and the stopper layer to attach the second surface of the electronic component to the stopper layer. 12. The substrate of claim 1, further comprising a third wiring layer disposed on the insulating material. 13. The substrate of claim 12, wherein the third wiring layer is connected to the second wiring layer and a connection pad of the electronic component through a connection via penetrating the insulating material. 14. The substrate of claim 12, further comprising:
a first passivation layer disposed on a side opposing a side of the core substrate on which the insulating material is disposed, and having a first opening for exposing a portion of the first wiring layer; and a second passivation layer disposed on a side opposing a side of the insulating material on which the core substrate is disposed, and having a second opening for exposing a portion of the third wiring layer. 15. The substrate of claim 14, further comprising:
an electrical connector metal disposed on the first opening and connected to a portion of the exposed first wiring layer. 16. The substrate of claim 14, further comprising:
a component disposed on the second passivation layer and connected to a portion of the exposed third wiring layer, wherein the component includes at least one of an active component or a passive component. 17. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the stopper layer is composed of a metal. 18. A substrate having an electronic component embedded therein, comprising:
a core substrate including a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer disposed on an upper surface of the first insulating layer, a first wiring layer disposed on a lower surface of the first insulating layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on an upper surface of the second insulating layer, having a cavity penetrating the second insulating layer and having an upper surface of the first insulating layer as a bottom surface of the cavity and a groove extending in a portion of the first insulating layer disposed around the bottom surface, and having a stopper layer disposed on the bottom surface; an electronic component disposed on the stopper layer in the cavity; an insulating material laminated on the core substrate and the electronic component; and a third wiring layer disposed on the insulting material, wherein the stopper layer is disposed between the first and second wiring layers. 19. The substrate of claim 18,
wherein the cavity has first and second walls having first and second slopes, respectively, wherein the groove extends from the first wall of the cavity, and wherein a slope of the first wall is less than a slope of the second wall. 20. The substrate of claim 18, wherein the stopper layer is composed of a metal. | 3,700 |
341,605 | 16,801,872 | 3,724 | Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) using the uplink grant, wherein the MAC PDU includes data associated with at least one radio bearer supporting a TTI duration indicated by the first TTI duration information. | 1. A method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a protocol data unit (PDU) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of transmission duration configurations; receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 5. A device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory that is operably connectable to the at least one processor and that stores thereon at least one code which, when executed, causes the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 9. A computer readable storage medium that stores thereon at least one code which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 13. A method for receiving, by a base station, a protocol data unit (PDU) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a plurality of transmission duration configurations to a user equipment; transmitting an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration to the user equipment; receiving the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations is associated with one of the plurality of radio bearers, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the at least one radio bearers. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the PDU does not include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein receiving the PDU comprises:
receiving the PDU based on the first transmission duration. | Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) using the uplink grant, wherein the MAC PDU includes data associated with at least one radio bearer supporting a TTI duration indicated by the first TTI duration information.1. A method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a protocol data unit (PDU) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of transmission duration configurations; receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 5. A device comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one computer memory that is operably connectable to the at least one processor and that stores thereon at least one code which, when executed, causes the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 9. A computer readable storage medium that stores thereon at least one code which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration; selecting, based on the plurality of transmission duration configurations and the first transmission duration, at least one radio bearer among a plurality of radio bearers; generating the PDU based on the selected at least one radio bearer; and transmitting the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the selected at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the selected at least one radio bearers. 10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein generating the PDU comprises:
generating the PDU not to include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein transmitting the PDU comprises:
transmitting the PDU based on the first transmission duration. 13. A method for receiving, by a base station, a protocol data unit (PDU) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a plurality of transmission duration configurations to a user equipment; transmitting an uplink grant associated with a first transmission duration to the user equipment; receiving the PDU based on the uplink grant, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations is associated with one of the plurality of radio bearers, wherein each of the plurality of radio bearers is associated with one of the plurality of transmission duration configurations, wherein each of the plurality of transmission duration configurations provides at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the plurality of radio bearers, and wherein each of the at least one radio bearer satisfies at least a following condition:
the first transmission duration is included in at least one transmission duration allowed for a corresponding one of the at least one radio bearers. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of transmission duration configurations includes at least one transmission duration configuration that provides a plurality of allowed transmission durations for a corresponding radio bearer. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the PDU does not include data of any radio bearer that does not satisfy the condition. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein receiving the PDU comprises:
receiving the PDU based on the first transmission duration. | 3,700 |
341,606 | 16,801,954 | 3,761 | A PTC heating element comprises at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities and which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element and are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element. The PTC heating element has improved heat discharge due to the provision of an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths. | 1. A PTC heating element comprising:
at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities, which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element, and which are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element; and an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths. 2. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the PTC element and the conductor paths are accommodated, in a fluid-tight manner, in a heating element housing. 3. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein electrical terminal lugs, assigned to the conductor paths, project over the shielding on the same sides in parallel alignment with one another. 4. The PTC heating element according to claim 3, wherein at least one shielding terminal lug, which is electrically conductively connected to the shielding and which extends parallel to the terminal lugs, projects over the shielding. 5. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the shielding is spaced apart, at least in sections thereof, from a heat-emitting surface of the PTC element in a heat-conducting manner in such a manner that a flow gap is formed between the heat-emitting surface and the shielding. 6. The PTC heating element according to claim 5, wherein the heat-emitting surface is an outer surface of a heating element housing which accommodates the PTC element and the conductor paths in a fluid-tight manner. 7. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding is accommodated in a holding frame which is initially produced separately from the electromagnetic shielding, which is connected to the electromagnetic shielding, and which is integrated into the heating element housing. 8. The PTC heating element according to claim 7, wherein the holding frame is connected to the heating element housing by way of injection molding. 9. An electrical heating device comprising:
a heater housing which forms a circulation chamber and a connection chamber which is sealed in a fluid-tight manner with respect to said circulation chamber, at least one PTC heating element comprising at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities, which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element and are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element, and an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths, wherein a partition separating the circulation chamber from the connection chamber is penetrated by the connection elements of the at least one PTC heating element and by a shielding terminal lug, which is electrically connected to the shielding. 10. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein the PTC element and the conductor paths are accommodated, in a fluid-tight manner, in a heating element housing. 11. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein electrical terminal lugs, assigned to the conductor paths, project over the shielding on the same sides in parallel alignment with one another. 12. The electrical heating device to claim 9, wherein at least one shielding terminal lug, which is electrically conductively connected to the shielding and which extends parallel to the terminal lugs, projects over the shielding. 13. The electrical heating device according to claim 12, comprising a plurality of PTC heating elements, wherein the shielding terminal lug is formed by a conductor rail which electrically conductively connects the shieldings of the plurality of PTC elements to one another. 14. The electrical heating device to claim 9, wherein the shielding is spaced apart, at least in sections thereof, from a heat-emitting surface of the PTC element in such a manner that a flow gap is formed between the heat-emitting surface and the shielding. 15. The electrical heating device to claim 14, wherein the heat-emitting surface is an outer surface of a heating element housing which accommodates the PTC element and the conductor paths in a fluid-tight manner. 16. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein the electromagnetic shielding is accommodated in a holding frame which is initially produced separately from the electromagnetic shielding, which is connected to the electromagnetic shielding, and which is integrated into the heating element housing. 17. The electrical heating device according to claim 16, wherein the holding frame is connected to the heating element housing by way of injection molding. 18. The electrical heating device according to claim 13, wherein the conductor rail forms a U-shaped receptacle in which the shielding is accommodated in an electrically conductive manner. 19. The electrical heating device according to claim 11, wherein a printed circuit board is provided in the connection chamber, which printed circuit board electrically conductively connects the terminal lugs of a plurality of PTC heating elements to one another. 20. The electrical heating device according to claim 12, wherein a printed circuit board is provided in the connection chamber, which printed circuit board electrically conductively connects the shielding terminal lug of a plurality of PTC heating elements to one another. 21. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of PTC heating elements are accommodated in a shielding cage formed from the fluid-permeable metal structure. | A PTC heating element comprises at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities and which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element and are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element. The PTC heating element has improved heat discharge due to the provision of an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths.1. A PTC heating element comprising:
at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities, which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element, and which are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element; and an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths. 2. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the PTC element and the conductor paths are accommodated, in a fluid-tight manner, in a heating element housing. 3. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein electrical terminal lugs, assigned to the conductor paths, project over the shielding on the same sides in parallel alignment with one another. 4. The PTC heating element according to claim 3, wherein at least one shielding terminal lug, which is electrically conductively connected to the shielding and which extends parallel to the terminal lugs, projects over the shielding. 5. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the shielding is spaced apart, at least in sections thereof, from a heat-emitting surface of the PTC element in a heat-conducting manner in such a manner that a flow gap is formed between the heat-emitting surface and the shielding. 6. The PTC heating element according to claim 5, wherein the heat-emitting surface is an outer surface of a heating element housing which accommodates the PTC element and the conductor paths in a fluid-tight manner. 7. The PTC heating element according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic shielding is accommodated in a holding frame which is initially produced separately from the electromagnetic shielding, which is connected to the electromagnetic shielding, and which is integrated into the heating element housing. 8. The PTC heating element according to claim 7, wherein the holding frame is connected to the heating element housing by way of injection molding. 9. An electrical heating device comprising:
a heater housing which forms a circulation chamber and a connection chamber which is sealed in a fluid-tight manner with respect to said circulation chamber, at least one PTC heating element comprising at least one PTC element and two conductor paths which are assigned to different polarities, which are electrically conductively connected to the PTC element and are provided with connection elements for the electrical connection of the PTC element, and an electromagnetic shielding which is formed from a fluid-permeable metal structure and which surrounds the PTC element and the conductor paths, wherein a partition separating the circulation chamber from the connection chamber is penetrated by the connection elements of the at least one PTC heating element and by a shielding terminal lug, which is electrically connected to the shielding. 10. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein the PTC element and the conductor paths are accommodated, in a fluid-tight manner, in a heating element housing. 11. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein electrical terminal lugs, assigned to the conductor paths, project over the shielding on the same sides in parallel alignment with one another. 12. The electrical heating device to claim 9, wherein at least one shielding terminal lug, which is electrically conductively connected to the shielding and which extends parallel to the terminal lugs, projects over the shielding. 13. The electrical heating device according to claim 12, comprising a plurality of PTC heating elements, wherein the shielding terminal lug is formed by a conductor rail which electrically conductively connects the shieldings of the plurality of PTC elements to one another. 14. The electrical heating device to claim 9, wherein the shielding is spaced apart, at least in sections thereof, from a heat-emitting surface of the PTC element in such a manner that a flow gap is formed between the heat-emitting surface and the shielding. 15. The electrical heating device to claim 14, wherein the heat-emitting surface is an outer surface of a heating element housing which accommodates the PTC element and the conductor paths in a fluid-tight manner. 16. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein the electromagnetic shielding is accommodated in a holding frame which is initially produced separately from the electromagnetic shielding, which is connected to the electromagnetic shielding, and which is integrated into the heating element housing. 17. The electrical heating device according to claim 16, wherein the holding frame is connected to the heating element housing by way of injection molding. 18. The electrical heating device according to claim 13, wherein the conductor rail forms a U-shaped receptacle in which the shielding is accommodated in an electrically conductive manner. 19. The electrical heating device according to claim 11, wherein a printed circuit board is provided in the connection chamber, which printed circuit board electrically conductively connects the terminal lugs of a plurality of PTC heating elements to one another. 20. The electrical heating device according to claim 12, wherein a printed circuit board is provided in the connection chamber, which printed circuit board electrically conductively connects the shielding terminal lug of a plurality of PTC heating elements to one another. 21. The electrical heating device according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of PTC heating elements are accommodated in a shielding cage formed from the fluid-permeable metal structure. | 3,700 |
341,607 | 16,801,929 | 3,761 | An electronic device according to the disclosure includes an infrared signal receiver, an infrared signal transmitter, a memory that stores computer instruction code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: receive a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device through the infrared signal receiver, identify a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal, and control the infrared signal transmitter to output the determined second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
an infrared signal receiver; an infrared signal transmitter; a memory that stores computer instruction code; and
a processor that executes the computer instruction code, which causes the processor to: receive a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device through the infrared signal receiver,
identify a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal,
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal based on a type of the first infrared signal, and
control the infrared signal transmitter to output the identified second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the type of the first infrared signal based on at least one of the length, the cycle, or the pattern of the first infrared signal. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a first type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period shorter than a predetermined time period, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal as a first output timing corresponding to the first type, and based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a second type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal as a second output timing corresponding to the second type and different from the first output timing. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
receive a plurality of first infrared signals repetitively output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period from the remote control device through the infrared signal receiver, and based on receiving each of the plurality of first infrared signals, control the infrared signal transmitter to repetitively output the identified second infrared signal. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output timings of the plurality of second infrared signals repetitively output does not overlap with each of the receiving timings of the plurality of received first infrared signals. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output sections of the plurality of second infrared signals has a time interval in a predetermined range with each of the receiving sections of the plurality of first infrared signals. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
based on receiving the plurality of first infrared signals by a predetermined cycle through the infrared signal receiver, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that the plurality of second infrared signals are output through the infrared signal transmitter by the same cycle as the predetermined cycle by which the plurality of first infrared signals are received. 8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the time interval in a predetermined range is from 15 milliseconds (ms) to 37 milliseconds. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising: a display, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
blast the second infrared signal to the front surface of the electronic device through a waveguide included in the display. 10. A method of controlling an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device; identifying a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal; identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal; and outputting the identified second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal further comprises:
identifying the type of the first infrared signal based on at least one of the length, the cycle, or the pattern of the first infrared signal. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal further comprises:
based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a first type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period shorter than a predetermined time period, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal as a first output timing corresponding to the first type; and based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a second type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal as a second output timing corresponding to the second type and different from the first output timing. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the receiving a first infrared signal further comprises: receiving a plurality of first infrared signals repetitively output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period from the remote control device; and the outputting the second infrared signal further comprises: based on receiving each of the plurality of first infrared signals, repetitively outputting the identified second infrared signal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output timings of the plurality of second infrared signals repetitively output does not overlap with each of the receiving timings of the plurality of received first infrared signals. 15. The controlling method of claim 14, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output sections of the plurality of second infrared signals has a time interval in a predetermined range with each of the receiving sections of the plurality of first infrared signals. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: based on receiving the plurality of first infrared signals by a predetermined cycle, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that the plurality of second infrared signals are output by the same cycle as the predetermined cycle by which the plurality of first infrared signals are received. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the time interval in a predetermined range is from 15 milliseconds (ms) to 37 milliseconds. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the outputting the second infrared signal comprises: blasting the second infrared signal to the front surface of the electronic device through a waveguide included in the display of the electronic device. 19. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium including a program executing a method of controlling an electronic device, wherein the method of controlling the electronic device comprises:
based on receiving a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device, identifying a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal; identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal; and outputting the second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. | An electronic device according to the disclosure includes an infrared signal receiver, an infrared signal transmitter, a memory that stores computer instruction code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: receive a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device through the infrared signal receiver, identify a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal, and control the infrared signal transmitter to output the determined second infrared signal based on the identified output timing.1. An electronic device comprising:
an infrared signal receiver; an infrared signal transmitter; a memory that stores computer instruction code; and
a processor that executes the computer instruction code, which causes the processor to: receive a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device through the infrared signal receiver,
identify a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal,
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal based on a type of the first infrared signal, and
control the infrared signal transmitter to output the identified second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the type of the first infrared signal based on at least one of the length, the cycle, or the pattern of the first infrared signal. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a first type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period shorter than a predetermined time period, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal as a first output timing corresponding to the first type, and based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a second type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal as a second output timing corresponding to the second type and different from the first output timing. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
receive a plurality of first infrared signals repetitively output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period from the remote control device through the infrared signal receiver, and based on receiving each of the plurality of first infrared signals, control the infrared signal transmitter to repetitively output the identified second infrared signal. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output timings of the plurality of second infrared signals repetitively output does not overlap with each of the receiving timings of the plurality of received first infrared signals. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output sections of the plurality of second infrared signals has a time interval in a predetermined range with each of the receiving sections of the plurality of first infrared signals. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
based on receiving the plurality of first infrared signals by a predetermined cycle through the infrared signal receiver, identify the output timing of the second infrared signal such that the plurality of second infrared signals are output through the infrared signal transmitter by the same cycle as the predetermined cycle by which the plurality of first infrared signals are received. 8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the time interval in a predetermined range is from 15 milliseconds (ms) to 37 milliseconds. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising: a display, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer instruction code to:
blast the second infrared signal to the front surface of the electronic device through a waveguide included in the display. 10. A method of controlling an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device; identifying a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal; identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal; and outputting the identified second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal further comprises:
identifying the type of the first infrared signal based on at least one of the length, the cycle, or the pattern of the first infrared signal. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal further comprises:
based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a first type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period shorter than a predetermined time period, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal as a first output timing corresponding to the first type; and based on the received first infrared signal being an infrared signal of a second type output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal as a second output timing corresponding to the second type and different from the first output timing. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the receiving a first infrared signal further comprises: receiving a plurality of first infrared signals repetitively output according to a user input of pushing one of a plurality of control buttons included in the remote control device for a time period longer than or equal to the predetermined time period from the remote control device; and the outputting the second infrared signal further comprises: based on receiving each of the plurality of first infrared signals, repetitively outputting the identified second infrared signal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output timings of the plurality of second infrared signals repetitively output does not overlap with each of the receiving timings of the plurality of received first infrared signals. 15. The controlling method of claim 14, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that each of the output sections of the plurality of second infrared signals has a time interval in a predetermined range with each of the receiving sections of the plurality of first infrared signals. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal comprises: based on receiving the plurality of first infrared signals by a predetermined cycle, identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal such that the plurality of second infrared signals are output by the same cycle as the predetermined cycle by which the plurality of first infrared signals are received. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the time interval in a predetermined range is from 15 milliseconds (ms) to 37 milliseconds. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the outputting the second infrared signal comprises: blasting the second infrared signal to the front surface of the electronic device through a waveguide included in the display of the electronic device. 19. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium including a program executing a method of controlling an electronic device, wherein the method of controlling the electronic device comprises:
based on receiving a first infrared signal output from a remote control device according to a user input for controlling an external device connected with the electronic device, identifying a second infrared signal corresponding to one of control commands for controlling the operation of the external device based on control information included in the received first infrared signal; identifying the output timing of the second infrared signal based on the type of the first infrared signal; and outputting the second infrared signal based on the identified output timing. | 3,700 |
341,608 | 16,801,914 | 3,761 | A disposition system in which a location and description of a physical asset can be tracked to allow for a future change in ownership, as well as an impartial valuation of the physical asset relative to a nexus of the possible new owners with the physical asset and/or the owner of the physical asset. The disposition system securely values physical assets based on inputted events. | 1. A method of receiving and classifying physical assets of an owner comprising:
a computer receiving a catalogue of owned physical assets with associated metadata from the owner of the physical asset; the computer receiving allocation rules with classification criteria to be applied to the owned physical assets of the catalogue, wherein the allocation rules include at least an identification of individuals and/or entities to receive at least one of the owned physical assets; the computer applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets; the computer determining a value of each of the physical assets of the catalogue; and the computer determining a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 2. The method claim 1, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein after applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets, the computer calculating a nexus score for each physical asset representing a relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the nexus score comprises the computer:
determining direct relationships of identified potential new owners designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the nonobvious relationships are determined through nonobvious relationship awareness and data mining. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein after the computer determining a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset, the computer generating a report with the valuation and distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation includes destruction or decommissioning of the physical asset. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation includes to whom the physical asset can potentially belong to. 10. A method of determining a recommendation for allocation of a physical asset of an owner to identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset, based on an event which impacts a right to use the physical asset by the owner comprising:
a computer receiving input regarding the event; the computer determining at least one physical asset affected by the event; the computer reevaluating a value associated with the physical asset relative to the event; and the computer determining a recommendation of distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 11. The method claim 10, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising the computer calculating a nexus score representing a relative affinity of a nexus between the physical asset and the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein calculated the nexus score comprises:
determining direct relationships of potential new owners from the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the nonobvious relationships are determined through nonobvious relationship awareness and data mining. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 16. A computer program product for receiving and classifying physical assets of an owner with a computer comprising at least one processor, one or more memories, one or more computer readable storage media, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by the computer to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by the computer, a catalogue of owned physical assets with associated metadata from the owner of the physical asset; receiving, by the computer, allocation rules with classification criteria to be applied to the owned physical assets of the catalogue, wherein the allocation rules include at least an identification of individuals and/or entities to receive at least one of the owned physical assets; applying, by the computer, allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets; determining, by the computer, a value of each of the physical assets of the catalogue; and determining, by the computer, a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein after applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets, calculating, by the computer, a nexus score for each physical asset representing a relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein calculating the nexus score comprises the computer:
determining direct relationships of identified potential new owners designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 20. The computer program product claim 16, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. | A disposition system in which a location and description of a physical asset can be tracked to allow for a future change in ownership, as well as an impartial valuation of the physical asset relative to a nexus of the possible new owners with the physical asset and/or the owner of the physical asset. The disposition system securely values physical assets based on inputted events.1. A method of receiving and classifying physical assets of an owner comprising:
a computer receiving a catalogue of owned physical assets with associated metadata from the owner of the physical asset; the computer receiving allocation rules with classification criteria to be applied to the owned physical assets of the catalogue, wherein the allocation rules include at least an identification of individuals and/or entities to receive at least one of the owned physical assets; the computer applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets; the computer determining a value of each of the physical assets of the catalogue; and the computer determining a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 2. The method claim 1, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein after applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets, the computer calculating a nexus score for each physical asset representing a relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the nexus score comprises the computer:
determining direct relationships of identified potential new owners designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the nonobvious relationships are determined through nonobvious relationship awareness and data mining. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein after the computer determining a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset, the computer generating a report with the valuation and distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation includes destruction or decommissioning of the physical asset. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation includes to whom the physical asset can potentially belong to. 10. A method of determining a recommendation for allocation of a physical asset of an owner to identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset, based on an event which impacts a right to use the physical asset by the owner comprising:
a computer receiving input regarding the event; the computer determining at least one physical asset affected by the event; the computer reevaluating a value associated with the physical asset relative to the event; and the computer determining a recommendation of distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 11. The method claim 10, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising the computer calculating a nexus score representing a relative affinity of a nexus between the physical asset and the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein calculated the nexus score comprises:
determining direct relationships of potential new owners from the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the nonobvious relationships are determined through nonobvious relationship awareness and data mining. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 16. A computer program product for receiving and classifying physical assets of an owner with a computer comprising at least one processor, one or more memories, one or more computer readable storage media, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by the computer to perform a method comprising:
receiving, by the computer, a catalogue of owned physical assets with associated metadata from the owner of the physical asset; receiving, by the computer, allocation rules with classification criteria to be applied to the owned physical assets of the catalogue, wherein the allocation rules include at least an identification of individuals and/or entities to receive at least one of the owned physical assets; applying, by the computer, allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets; determining, by the computer, a value of each of the physical assets of the catalogue; and determining, by the computer, a recommendation for distribution of the physical assets to the identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein after applying allocation rules and classification criteria to the catalogue of physical assets received to generate a metadata tiered classification model of the physical assets, calculating, by the computer, a nexus score for each physical asset representing a relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein calculating the nexus score comprises the computer:
determining direct relationships of identified potential new owners designated by the owner and associated with the physical asset; determining nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; building a model of the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships associated with the physical asset; assigning a score to the direct relationships and the nonobvious relationships of the model representative of the relative affinity of a nexus between identified individuals and entities other than the owner of the physical asset to the physical asset; determining whether additional weight has been assigned to an identified identify or entity relative to the physical asset; and altering the score for each additional weight assigned. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the value of the physical asset is calculated based on reference schedules, asset classification and associated metadata, and the nexus score of the physical asset. 20. The computer program product claim 16, wherein the value of the each of the physical assets of the catalogue is determined looking up comparable value of other such physical assets which have been recently sold based on the metadata. | 3,700 |
341,609 | 16,801,943 | 3,761 | These compounds are useful in methods for treating cancer, selectively targeting cancerous cells via the proton coupled folate transporter, folate receptor alpha, and/or folate receptor beta pathways, inhibiting GARFTase in cancerous cells, and selectively targeting activated macrophages in a patient having an autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis. | 1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 6, and further comprising wherein the carbon atom at position 5, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 3. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 5, and further comprising wherein the carbon atom at position 6, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 4. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said heterocycloalkyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a dihydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a monohydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a piperidyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and stereoisomers thereof. 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y and (C)z. 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein said heterocycloaryl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a thiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a furan-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a pyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a pyridine-carbonyl-L-glutamate group. 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein said side chain of Formula I has one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 8. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula I: 9. A pharmaceutical composition of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula I: 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 6, and further wherein the carbon atom at position 5, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 5, and further wherein the carbon atom at position 6, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said heterocycloalkyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a dihydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a monohydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a piperidyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and stereoisomers thereof. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y and (C). 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said heterocycloaryl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a thiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a furan-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a pyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a pyridine-carbonyl-L-glutamate group. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain of Formula I has one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 16. A compound of Formula II: 17. The compound of claim 16, consisting of said side chain having one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y 1-7. 18. The compound of claim 16 wherein said side chain of Formula II has or one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula II: 20. The compound of Formula II of claim 19 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y 1-7. | These compounds are useful in methods for treating cancer, selectively targeting cancerous cells via the proton coupled folate transporter, folate receptor alpha, and/or folate receptor beta pathways, inhibiting GARFTase in cancerous cells, and selectively targeting activated macrophages in a patient having an autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.1. A compound of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 6, and further comprising wherein the carbon atom at position 5, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 3. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 5, and further comprising wherein the carbon atom at position 6, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 4. The compound of claim 1 comprising wherein said heterocycloalkyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a dihydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a monohydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a piperidyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and stereoisomers thereof. 5. The compound of claim 1 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y and (C)z. 6. The compound of claim 1 wherein said heterocycloaryl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a thiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a furan-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a pyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a pyridine-carbonyl-L-glutamate group. 7. The compound of claim 1 wherein said side chain of Formula I has one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 8. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula I: 9. A pharmaceutical composition of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Formula I: 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 6, and further wherein the carbon atom at position 5, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain attachment is at carbon atom position 5, and further wherein the carbon atom at position 6, independently has attached thereto either (a) two hydrogen atoms if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond or one hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a double bond, or (b) an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms if the bond between carbon atoms of positions 5 and 6 is a double bond or an alkyl group having from one to six carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom if the bond between carbon atoms at positions 5 and 6 is a single bond, and combinations thereof. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said heterocycloalkyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a dihydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrothiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydrofuran-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a tetrahydropyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a monohydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a dihydropyridyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a piperidyl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and stereoisomers thereof. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y and (C). 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said heterocycloaryl-carbonyl-L-glutamate group is selected from the group consisting of a thiophene-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a furan-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, a pyrrole-carbonyl-L-glutamate group, and a pyridine-carbonyl-L-glutamate group. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 wherein said side chain of Formula I has one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 16. A compound of Formula II: 17. The compound of claim 16, consisting of said side chain having one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y 1-7. 18. The compound of claim 16 wherein said side chain of Formula II has or one or more double bonds comprising E-isomers and Z-isomers. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula II: 20. The compound of Formula II of claim 19 wherein said side chain has one or more carbon to carbon double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms of (C)y 1-7. | 3,700 |
341,610 | 16,801,948 | 3,761 | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly, a moving portion, a chain guide assembly, and a driving assembly. The linkage assembly is pivotally connected to the fixing portion. The moving portion is pivotally connected to the linkage assembly. The chain guide assembly is connected to the moving portion. The driving assembly includes a motor and a driving gear assembly connected to the linkage assembly. The motor includes an output shaft for driving the driving gear assembly. The output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. A pivot shaft and a detachable battery module are disposed on the moving portion. The chain guide assembly is pivotally connected to the pivot shaft. The battery module provides an electric power to the motor. | 1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor and a driving gear assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the linkage assembly; the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; wherein a pivot shaft and a detachable battery module are disposed on the moving portion; the chain guide assembly is pivotally connected to the pivot shaft; the detachable battery module is adapted to provide an electric power to the motor. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the moving portion comprises a housing; the housing has a first receiving space and a second receiving space; the pivot shaft is disposed in the first receiving space; the detachable battery module is disposed in the second receiving space. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing has an outer surface located away from the chain guide assembly and an inner surface; the second receiving space is located between the outer surface and the inner surface; the inner surface and the chain guide assembly are spaced from each other by a distance. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the second receiving space is located on an outer periphery of a wall of the first receiving space. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 4, wherein a minimum thickness between a wall of the second receiving space and the wall of the first receiving space is smaller than or equal to 5 mm. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises a body and a cover; the body has the first receiving space and at least a part of the second receiving space; a side wall of the body has an opening communicating with the second receiving space; the cover is engaged with the side wall of the body and close the opening. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the opening is disposed on the side wall of the body that faces a direction away from either the linkage assembly or the chain guide assembly. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the cover has a space which constitutes a part of the second receiving space. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the second receiving space is located below the pivot shaft. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing has a cord hole communicating the second receiving space and an outside of the housing; the detachable battery module comprises a battery box, at least one battery, and a power cord; the at least one battery is disposed inside the battery box and transmits the electric power via the power cord; the power cord passes through the cord hole. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 10, wherein the battery box has a perforation communicating inside and outside the battery box; the perforation is disposed corresponding to the cord hole; the power cord respectively passes through the perforation and the cord hole. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 1, further comprising a coil and a wireless charging circuit, wherein the wireless charging circuit is electrically connected to the coil; the detachable battery module comprises at least one rechargeable battery electrically connected to the wireless charging circuit; the coil is disposed on one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the coil has a receiving surface adapted to receive an external charging power; the receiving surface faces a direction away from the chain guide assembly. | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly, a moving portion, a chain guide assembly, and a driving assembly. The linkage assembly is pivotally connected to the fixing portion. The moving portion is pivotally connected to the linkage assembly. The chain guide assembly is connected to the moving portion. The driving assembly includes a motor and a driving gear assembly connected to the linkage assembly. The motor includes an output shaft for driving the driving gear assembly. The output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. A pivot shaft and a detachable battery module are disposed on the moving portion. The chain guide assembly is pivotally connected to the pivot shaft. The battery module provides an electric power to the motor.1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor and a driving gear assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the linkage assembly; the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; wherein a pivot shaft and a detachable battery module are disposed on the moving portion; the chain guide assembly is pivotally connected to the pivot shaft; the detachable battery module is adapted to provide an electric power to the motor. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the moving portion comprises a housing; the housing has a first receiving space and a second receiving space; the pivot shaft is disposed in the first receiving space; the detachable battery module is disposed in the second receiving space. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing has an outer surface located away from the chain guide assembly and an inner surface; the second receiving space is located between the outer surface and the inner surface; the inner surface and the chain guide assembly are spaced from each other by a distance. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the second receiving space is located on an outer periphery of a wall of the first receiving space. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 4, wherein a minimum thickness between a wall of the second receiving space and the wall of the first receiving space is smaller than or equal to 5 mm. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises a body and a cover; the body has the first receiving space and at least a part of the second receiving space; a side wall of the body has an opening communicating with the second receiving space; the cover is engaged with the side wall of the body and close the opening. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the opening is disposed on the side wall of the body that faces a direction away from either the linkage assembly or the chain guide assembly. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the cover has a space which constitutes a part of the second receiving space. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the second receiving space is located below the pivot shaft. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the housing has a cord hole communicating the second receiving space and an outside of the housing; the detachable battery module comprises a battery box, at least one battery, and a power cord; the at least one battery is disposed inside the battery box and transmits the electric power via the power cord; the power cord passes through the cord hole. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 10, wherein the battery box has a perforation communicating inside and outside the battery box; the perforation is disposed corresponding to the cord hole; the power cord respectively passes through the perforation and the cord hole. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 1, further comprising a coil and a wireless charging circuit, wherein the wireless charging circuit is electrically connected to the coil; the detachable battery module comprises at least one rechargeable battery electrically connected to the wireless charging circuit; the coil is disposed on one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the coil has a receiving surface adapted to receive an external charging power; the receiving surface faces a direction away from the chain guide assembly. | 3,700 |
341,611 | 16,801,969 | 3,761 | A DNA methylation editing kit comprises: (1) a fusion protein of inactivated CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (dCas9) having no nuclease activity and a tag peptide array in which plural tag peptides are linked by linkers, or an RNA or DNA coding therefor; (2) a fusion protein(s) of a tag peptide-binding portion and a methylase or demethylase, or an RNA(s) or DNA(s) coding therefor; and (3) a guide RNA(s) (gRNA(s)) comprising a sequence complementary to a DNA sequence within 1 kb of a desired site of methylation or demethylation, or a DNA(s) expressing the gRNA(s). | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A DNA methylation editing method comprising transfecting a cell with the following (1) to (3):
(1) a first fusion protein comprising (i) inactivated CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (dCas9) having no nuclease activity and (ii) a tag peptide array comprising a plurality of tag peptides and peptide linkers which consist of 15 to 50 amino acids and link said tag peptides, or an RNA or DNA coding the first fusion protein, wherein the tag peptides are peptide epitopes, and the tag peptide-binding portion is an anti-peptide-epitope antibody and wherein the peptide epitopes are general control non-derepressible 4 (GCN4) peptide epitopes, and the anti-peptide-epitope antibody is an anti-GCN4 peptide epitope antibody; (2) a second fusion protein(s) comprising a tag peptide-binding portion and a methylase or demethylase, or an RNA(s) or DNA(s) coding the second fusion protein, wherein the demethylase is a catalytic domain often-eleven translocation 1 (TET1CD) and the methylase is DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B); and (3) a guide RNA(s) (gRNA(s)) comprising a sequence complementary to a DNA sequence within 1 kb of a desired site of methylation or demethylation, or a DNA(s) expressing the gRNA(s). 21. The DNA methylation editing method according to claim 20, wherein the fusion proteins of the (1) and/or (2) further comprise a selection marker. 22. The DNA methylation editing method according to claim 21, further comprising selecting and collecting a cell expressing the selection marker as a part of the fusion protein. | A DNA methylation editing kit comprises: (1) a fusion protein of inactivated CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (dCas9) having no nuclease activity and a tag peptide array in which plural tag peptides are linked by linkers, or an RNA or DNA coding therefor; (2) a fusion protein(s) of a tag peptide-binding portion and a methylase or demethylase, or an RNA(s) or DNA(s) coding therefor; and (3) a guide RNA(s) (gRNA(s)) comprising a sequence complementary to a DNA sequence within 1 kb of a desired site of methylation or demethylation, or a DNA(s) expressing the gRNA(s).1-19. (canceled) 20. A DNA methylation editing method comprising transfecting a cell with the following (1) to (3):
(1) a first fusion protein comprising (i) inactivated CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (dCas9) having no nuclease activity and (ii) a tag peptide array comprising a plurality of tag peptides and peptide linkers which consist of 15 to 50 amino acids and link said tag peptides, or an RNA or DNA coding the first fusion protein, wherein the tag peptides are peptide epitopes, and the tag peptide-binding portion is an anti-peptide-epitope antibody and wherein the peptide epitopes are general control non-derepressible 4 (GCN4) peptide epitopes, and the anti-peptide-epitope antibody is an anti-GCN4 peptide epitope antibody; (2) a second fusion protein(s) comprising a tag peptide-binding portion and a methylase or demethylase, or an RNA(s) or DNA(s) coding the second fusion protein, wherein the demethylase is a catalytic domain often-eleven translocation 1 (TET1CD) and the methylase is DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3B); and (3) a guide RNA(s) (gRNA(s)) comprising a sequence complementary to a DNA sequence within 1 kb of a desired site of methylation or demethylation, or a DNA(s) expressing the gRNA(s). 21. The DNA methylation editing method according to claim 20, wherein the fusion proteins of the (1) and/or (2) further comprise a selection marker. 22. The DNA methylation editing method according to claim 21, further comprising selecting and collecting a cell expressing the selection marker as a part of the fusion protein. | 3,700 |
341,612 | 16,801,936 | 3,761 | An equipment mounting rail for use in tool-less securement of one or more cable management accessories in an electronic equipment enclosure includes a fastening portion, a generally flat first support portion, a generally flat second support portion, and a generally flat third support portion. The first support portion extends at an angle from the fastening portion, the second support portion extends at an angle from the first support portion, and the third support portion extends at an angle from, and is generally coextensive with, the second support portion. The fastening portion is adapted to interface with one or more structural members of a frame structure of an electronic equipment enclosure. The first support portion includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening for accommodating a boss and alignment tab, respectively, of at least one cable management accessory. The second support portion includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and the third support portion includes a column of equipment mounting holes. | 1. A method of securing a cable management accessory in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the fastening portion, and includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, is generally coextensive with the second support portion, and includes a column of equipment mounting holes;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; and (c) securing the cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail without a separate fastener. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory includes a boss and an alignment tab that are received, respectively, within the keyhole-shaped opening and the slotted opening of the first support portion. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a first cable management accessory, and wherein the method further comprises securing a second cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail without a separate fastener. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second cable management accessory is of a different type than the first cable management accessory. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fastening portion includes an embossed section that interfaces with a clamp that secures the equipment mounting rail to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the equipment mounting rail to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure includes clamping the fastening portion to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a D-ring cable guide. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a T-channel cable manager array. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a cable manager spool. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a vertical C-channel cable manager. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a multi-finger cable manager array. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic equipment enclosure is at least substantially enclosed by one or more panels supported by a frame structure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more panels include a top panel having one or more panel knockouts arranged therein and configured to be removable therefrom to provide a pass-through opening for a cable. 15. A method of securing a cable management accessory in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat and extends at an angle from the fastening portion,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, and is generally coextensive with the second support portion;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; and (c) securing a flat base portion of a multi-fingered cable guide against the second portion of the equipment mounting rail, the multi-fingered cable guide including a plurality of fingers extending forwardly from the base portion. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the electronic equipment enclosure includes a door secured to a distal end of one or more of the plurality of fingers. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 18. A method of securing a plurality of cable management accessories in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the fastening portion, and includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, and is generally coextensive with the second support portion;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; (c) securing a first cable management accessory, which is a cable guide or a cable spool, to the first support portion, the first cable management accessory including a boss and an alignment tab that are received, respectively, within the keyhole-shaped opening and the slotted opening of the first support portion, thereby permitting securement of the first cable management accessory without a separate fastener; and (d) securing a second cable management accessory to the second portion of the equipment mounting rail, the second cable management accessory including a plurality of fingers for guiding or arranging cables. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising securing a third cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail. | An equipment mounting rail for use in tool-less securement of one or more cable management accessories in an electronic equipment enclosure includes a fastening portion, a generally flat first support portion, a generally flat second support portion, and a generally flat third support portion. The first support portion extends at an angle from the fastening portion, the second support portion extends at an angle from the first support portion, and the third support portion extends at an angle from, and is generally coextensive with, the second support portion. The fastening portion is adapted to interface with one or more structural members of a frame structure of an electronic equipment enclosure. The first support portion includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening for accommodating a boss and alignment tab, respectively, of at least one cable management accessory. The second support portion includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and the third support portion includes a column of equipment mounting holes.1. A method of securing a cable management accessory in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the fastening portion, and includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, is generally coextensive with the second support portion, and includes a column of equipment mounting holes;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; and (c) securing the cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail without a separate fastener. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory includes a boss and an alignment tab that are received, respectively, within the keyhole-shaped opening and the slotted opening of the first support portion. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a first cable management accessory, and wherein the method further comprises securing a second cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail without a separate fastener. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second cable management accessory is of a different type than the first cable management accessory. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fastening portion includes an embossed section that interfaces with a clamp that secures the equipment mounting rail to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the equipment mounting rail to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure includes clamping the fastening portion to the one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a D-ring cable guide. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a T-channel cable manager array. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a cable manager spool. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a vertical C-channel cable manager. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the cable management accessory is a multi-finger cable manager array. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic equipment enclosure is at least substantially enclosed by one or more panels supported by a frame structure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more panels include a top panel having one or more panel knockouts arranged therein and configured to be removable therefrom to provide a pass-through opening for a cable. 15. A method of securing a cable management accessory in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat and extends at an angle from the fastening portion,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, and is generally coextensive with the second support portion;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; and (c) securing a flat base portion of a multi-fingered cable guide against the second portion of the equipment mounting rail, the multi-fingered cable guide including a plurality of fingers extending forwardly from the base portion. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the electronic equipment enclosure includes a door secured to a distal end of one or more of the plurality of fingers. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 18. A method of securing a plurality of cable management accessories in an electronic equipment enclosure, the method comprising:
(a) providing an equipment mounting rail having a fastening portion, a first support portion, a second support portion, and a third support portion, wherein,
(i) the first support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the fastening portion, and includes at least one keyhole-shaped opening disposed adjacent to a slotted opening,
(ii) the second support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the first support portion, and includes a plurality of generally circular openings, and
(iii) the third support portion is generally flat, extends at an angle from the second support portion, and is generally coextensive with the second support portion;
(b) securing the equipment mounting rail to one or more structural members of the electronic equipment enclosure; (c) securing a first cable management accessory, which is a cable guide or a cable spool, to the first support portion, the first cable management accessory including a boss and an alignment tab that are received, respectively, within the keyhole-shaped opening and the slotted opening of the first support portion, thereby permitting securement of the first cable management accessory without a separate fastener; and (d) securing a second cable management accessory to the second portion of the equipment mounting rail, the second cable management accessory including a plurality of fingers for guiding or arranging cables. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the first support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the fastening portion; the second support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the first support portion; and the third support portion is oriented generally perpendicular relative to the second support portion. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising securing a third cable management accessory to at least one of the first support portion, the second support portion, or the third support portion of the equipment mounting rail. | 3,700 |
341,613 | 16,801,940 | 3,761 | A method includes receiving, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container. The method further includes generating a container networking configuration based on the network information. The container networking configuration is to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container. The method further includes providing the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system. The container orchestration system is to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container; generating, based on the network information, by a processing device, a container networking configuration, the container networking configuration to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container; and providing the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system, the container orchestration system to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a secondary network for the container in view of the container orchestration system and the container networking configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the container networking configuration comprises:
generating network traffic ingress rules for communications received from systems external to the container orchestration system; and generating network traffic egress rules for communications to systems external to the container orchestration system. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the container networking configuration further comprises:
identifying network access associated with processes of the virtual machine; generating at least one network access rule for a container to provide access to the processes migrated from the virtual machine; and generating the container networking configuration including the at least one network access rule for the container. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conflict between the network information and the container orchestration system; and recommending a user to perform a manual intervention. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, firewall configuration rules, or a network interface configuration. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between containers and processes within the container orchestration system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between the container in the container orchestration system and networks external to the container orchestration system. 9. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to: receive, by an agent executed by the processing device, an indication that a virtual machine is to be migrated to a container; in response to receiving the indication, retrieve, by the agent, network information associated with the virtual machine, the network information corresponding to a networking configuration of the virtual machine; and forward, by the agent, the network information associated with the virtual machine to a networking migration controller, the networking migration controller to generate, based on the network information of the virtual machine, a container networking configuration. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, a firewall configuration, or a network interface configuration. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the migration controller is further to provide the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the container networking configuration provides network access to at least one process migrated from the virtual machine to the container. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the agent continuously retrieves and forwards the network information of the virtual machine to the networking migration controller. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
receive, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container; generate, based on the network information, by the processing device, a container networking configuration, the container networking configuration to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container; and provide the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system, the container orchestration system to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
configure a secondary network for the container in view of the container orchestration system and the container networking configuration. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein to generate the container networking configuration, the processing device is further to:
identify network access associated with processes of the virtual machine; generate at least one network access rule for a container to provide access to the processes migrated from the virtual machine; and generate the container networking configuration including the at least one network access rule for the container. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a conflict between the network information and the container orchestration system; and recommend a user to perform a manual intervention. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, firewall configuration rules, or a network interface configuration. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between containers and processes within the container orchestration system. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between the container in the container orchestration system and networks external to the container orchestration system. | A method includes receiving, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container. The method further includes generating a container networking configuration based on the network information. The container networking configuration is to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container. The method further includes providing the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system. The container orchestration system is to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container.1. A method comprising:
receiving, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container; generating, based on the network information, by a processing device, a container networking configuration, the container networking configuration to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container; and providing the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system, the container orchestration system to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
configuring a secondary network for the container in view of the container orchestration system and the container networking configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the container networking configuration comprises:
generating network traffic ingress rules for communications received from systems external to the container orchestration system; and generating network traffic egress rules for communications to systems external to the container orchestration system. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the container networking configuration further comprises:
identifying network access associated with processes of the virtual machine; generating at least one network access rule for a container to provide access to the processes migrated from the virtual machine; and generating the container networking configuration including the at least one network access rule for the container. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conflict between the network information and the container orchestration system; and recommending a user to perform a manual intervention. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, firewall configuration rules, or a network interface configuration. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between containers and processes within the container orchestration system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between the container in the container orchestration system and networks external to the container orchestration system. 9. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory, the processing device to: receive, by an agent executed by the processing device, an indication that a virtual machine is to be migrated to a container; in response to receiving the indication, retrieve, by the agent, network information associated with the virtual machine, the network information corresponding to a networking configuration of the virtual machine; and forward, by the agent, the network information associated with the virtual machine to a networking migration controller, the networking migration controller to generate, based on the network information of the virtual machine, a container networking configuration. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, a firewall configuration, or a network interface configuration. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the migration controller is further to provide the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the container networking configuration provides network access to at least one process migrated from the virtual machine to the container. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the agent continuously retrieves and forwards the network information of the virtual machine to the networking migration controller. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
receive, from an agent executing in a virtual machine, network information associated with the virtual machine, the virtual machine to be migrated to a container; generate, based on the network information, by the processing device, a container networking configuration, the container networking configuration to provide network access to processes migrated from the virtual machine to the container; and provide the container networking configuration to a container orchestration system, the container orchestration system to use the container networking configuration to provide network access to the container. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
configure a secondary network for the container in view of the container orchestration system and the container networking configuration. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein to generate the container networking configuration, the processing device is further to:
identify network access associated with processes of the virtual machine; generate at least one network access rule for a container to provide access to the processes migrated from the virtual machine; and generate the container networking configuration including the at least one network access rule for the container. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a conflict between the network information and the container orchestration system; and recommend a user to perform a manual intervention. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the network information comprises at least one of: an Internet protocol table, firewall configuration rules, or a network interface configuration. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between containers and processes within the container orchestration system. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the container networking configuration defines networking rules between the container in the container orchestration system and networks external to the container orchestration system. | 3,700 |
341,614 | 16,801,919 | 3,761 | Access to computing assets is controlled by dynamically selecting an authentication process for an access attempt to a computing asset. In an example embodiment, when an indication of an access attempt for a computing asset is received, a security level associated with the computing asset is determined. Based on the security level associated with the computing asset, an authentication process is selected from a plurality of authentication processes, and the selected authentication process is executed in relation to the access attempt for the computing asset. In further embodiments, the authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of an access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the computing asset and an access characteristic for a user associated with the access attempt. | 1. A computer-implement method comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the second authentication process requires additional information not required in the first authentication process. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined by:
analyzing, by a machine learning algorithm, the access data to generate a set of access characteristics for the first user that includes the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a requested privilege level associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset. 9. One or more computer-readable media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 10. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 11. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 10, wherein the second authentication process requires additional information not required in the first authentication process. 12. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user. 13. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 14. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined by:
analyzing, by a machine learning algorithm, the access data to generate a set of access characteristics for the first user that includes the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 15. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 16. The one or more computer-readable media of claim of claim 9, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a requested privilege level associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset. 17. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user, and wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. | Access to computing assets is controlled by dynamically selecting an authentication process for an access attempt to a computing asset. In an example embodiment, when an indication of an access attempt for a computing asset is received, a security level associated with the computing asset is determined. Based on the security level associated with the computing asset, an authentication process is selected from a plurality of authentication processes, and the selected authentication process is executed in relation to the access attempt for the computing asset. In further embodiments, the authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of an access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the computing asset and an access characteristic for a user associated with the access attempt.1. A computer-implement method comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the second authentication process requires additional information not required in the first authentication process. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined by:
analyzing, by a machine learning algorithm, the access data to generate a set of access characteristics for the first user that includes the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a requested privilege level associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset. 9. One or more computer-readable media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 10. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 9, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 11. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 10, wherein the second authentication process requires additional information not required in the first authentication process. 12. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 9, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user. 13. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 14. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 13, wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined by:
analyzing, by a machine learning algorithm, the access data to generate a set of access characteristics for the first user that includes the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 15. The one or more computer-readable media of claim 12, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. 16. The one or more computer-readable media of claim of claim 9, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a requested privilege level associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset. 17. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving an indication of an access attempt for a first computing asset using an identity of a first user of a plurality of users; determining a security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the first computing asset, a first authentication process from a plurality of authentication processes; and executing the first authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the first computing asset. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving an indication of an access attempt for a second computing asset using the identity of the first user; determining a security level associated with the second computing asset, the security level associated with the second computing asset being higher than the security level associated with the first computing asset; selecting, based on the security level associated with the second computing asset, a second authentication process from the plurality of authentication processes; and executing the second authentication process in relation to the access attempt for the second computing asset. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the first authentication process is further selected based on a comparison of at least one access characteristic associated with the access attempt for the first computing asset and at least one access characteristic for the first user, and wherein the at least one access characteristic for the first user is determined from access data indicating an access history of the first user to one or more computing assets. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first authentication process is selected based on the at least one characteristic associated with the current access attempt for the first computing asset being anomalous to the at least one access characteristic for the first user. | 3,700 |
341,615 | 16,801,973 | 3,761 | An original risk relationship data store may contain records representing potential risk relationships (and each record may include an identifier and original risk attribute values). An adjusted risk relationship data store may contain records representing the plurality of potential risk relationships and at least some risk attribute values may have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value. A computer server may receive, from a remote user device, a selected potential risk relationship and retrieve the appropriate records from the original and adjusted risk relationship data stores. The server may then execute a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values and flag those values to the remote user device. After receiving information to explain each difference, a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference, may be transmitted. | 1. A system to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, comprising:
(a) an original risk relationship data store containing electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity, wherein each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; (b) an adjusted risk relationship data store containing electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships, wherein each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; (c) the back-end application computer server, coupled to the risk relationship data store, programmed to:
(i) receive, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and the entity,
(ii) retrieve, from the original risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values,
(iii) retrieve, from the adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship,
(iv) execute a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship,
(v) flag the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device,
(vi) receive, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values, and
(vii) transmit a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference; and
(d) a communication port coupled to the back-end application computer server to facilitate an exchange of data with the remote user device in support of a graphical interactive user interface display via a distributed communication network, the interactive user interface display including the summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values and the information to explain each difference. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is associated with a communication address and said transmission of the summary is automatically sent to the communication address. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the communication address is associated with at least one of: (i) a postal address, (ii) an email address, (iii) a telephone number, (iv) a text message, (v) a chat interface, and (vi) a video communication link. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the comparison tool further executes based on internal data of the enterprise and external data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein information to explain a difference associated with a plurality of automatically identified risk attribute values is received as a bulk explanation. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the summary further includes at least one of: (i) assumable information received from the remote user device, and (ii) a request for missing information. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the receipt of information to explain a difference is received from the remote user device via selection from a list of possible explanations. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the list of possible explanations represents a list of previously received explanations. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is a potential insurance policy between an insurer and an insured. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the potential insurance policy is associated with at least one of: (i) a general liability insurance policy, (ii) a property insurance policy, (iii) a workers' compensation insurance policy, and (iv) business insurance. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the remote user device is associated with an insurance agent or broker. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the original risk relationship data store is associated with original submissions from the insurance agent or broker. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store is associated with a quote proposal from an insurance underwriter. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the summary includes at least one of: (i) an insured identifier, (ii) an insurer identifier, (iii) a report creation date, (iv) an agency or broker identifier, (v) an insurance policy number, (vi) a line of business, and (vii) a policy period. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the summary further includes at least one of: (i) a policy element, (ii) an original policy value, (iii) a quoted policy value, (iv) a justification rational, and (v) assumed values. 16. A computerized method to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, comprising:
receiving, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and an entity; retrieving, by the back-end application computer server from an original risk relationship data store, an electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values, wherein the original risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; retrieving, from an adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; executing a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship; flagging the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device; receiving, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values; and transmitting a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is associated with a communication address, said transmission of the summary is automatically sent to the communication address, and the communication address is associated with at least one of: (i) a postal address, (ii) an email address, (iii) a telephone number, (iv) a text message, (v) a chat interface, and (vi) a video communication link. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein information to explain a difference associated with a plurality of automatically identified risk attribute values is received as a bulk explanation. 19. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions, that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, the method comprising:
receiving, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and an entity; retrieving, by the back-end application computer server from an original risk relationship data store, an electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values, wherein the original risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; retrieving, from an adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; executing a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship; flagging the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device; receiving, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values; and transmitting a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is a potential insurance policy between an insurer and an insured, the remote user device is associated with an insurance agent or broker, the original risk relationship data store is associated with original submissions from the insurance agent or broker, and the adjusted risk relationship data store is associated with a quote proposal from an insurance underwriter. 21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the summary includes at least four of: (i) an insured identifier, (ii) an insurer identifier, (iii) a report creation date, (iv) an agency or broker identifier, (v) an insurance policy number, (vi) a line of business, (vii) a policy period, (viii) a policy element, (ix) an original policy value, (x) a quoted policy value, (xi) a justification rational, and (xii) assumed values. | An original risk relationship data store may contain records representing potential risk relationships (and each record may include an identifier and original risk attribute values). An adjusted risk relationship data store may contain records representing the plurality of potential risk relationships and at least some risk attribute values may have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value. A computer server may receive, from a remote user device, a selected potential risk relationship and retrieve the appropriate records from the original and adjusted risk relationship data stores. The server may then execute a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values and flag those values to the remote user device. After receiving information to explain each difference, a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference, may be transmitted.1. A system to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, comprising:
(a) an original risk relationship data store containing electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity, wherein each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; (b) an adjusted risk relationship data store containing electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships, wherein each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; (c) the back-end application computer server, coupled to the risk relationship data store, programmed to:
(i) receive, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and the entity,
(ii) retrieve, from the original risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values,
(iii) retrieve, from the adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship,
(iv) execute a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship,
(v) flag the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device,
(vi) receive, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values, and
(vii) transmit a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference; and
(d) a communication port coupled to the back-end application computer server to facilitate an exchange of data with the remote user device in support of a graphical interactive user interface display via a distributed communication network, the interactive user interface display including the summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values and the information to explain each difference. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is associated with a communication address and said transmission of the summary is automatically sent to the communication address. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the communication address is associated with at least one of: (i) a postal address, (ii) an email address, (iii) a telephone number, (iv) a text message, (v) a chat interface, and (vi) a video communication link. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the comparison tool further executes based on internal data of the enterprise and external data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein information to explain a difference associated with a plurality of automatically identified risk attribute values is received as a bulk explanation. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the summary further includes at least one of: (i) assumable information received from the remote user device, and (ii) a request for missing information. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the receipt of information to explain a difference is received from the remote user device via selection from a list of possible explanations. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the list of possible explanations represents a list of previously received explanations. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is a potential insurance policy between an insurer and an insured. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the potential insurance policy is associated with at least one of: (i) a general liability insurance policy, (ii) a property insurance policy, (iii) a workers' compensation insurance policy, and (iv) business insurance. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the remote user device is associated with an insurance agent or broker. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the original risk relationship data store is associated with original submissions from the insurance agent or broker. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store is associated with a quote proposal from an insurance underwriter. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the summary includes at least one of: (i) an insured identifier, (ii) an insurer identifier, (iii) a report creation date, (iv) an agency or broker identifier, (v) an insurance policy number, (vi) a line of business, and (vii) a policy period. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the summary further includes at least one of: (i) a policy element, (ii) an original policy value, (iii) a quoted policy value, (iv) a justification rational, and (v) assumed values. 16. A computerized method to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, comprising:
receiving, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and an entity; retrieving, by the back-end application computer server from an original risk relationship data store, an electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values, wherein the original risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; retrieving, from an adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; executing a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship; flagging the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device; receiving, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values; and transmitting a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is associated with a communication address, said transmission of the summary is automatically sent to the communication address, and the communication address is associated with at least one of: (i) a postal address, (ii) an email address, (iii) a telephone number, (iv) a text message, (v) a chat interface, and (vi) a video communication link. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein information to explain a difference associated with a plurality of automatically identified risk attribute values is received as a bulk explanation. 19. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions, that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method to provide an automated comparison tool platform via a back-end application computer server of an enterprise, the method comprising:
receiving, from a remote user device, an indication of a selected potential risk relationship between the enterprise and an entity; retrieving, by the back-end application computer server from an original risk relationship data store, an electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, including the original risk attribute values, wherein the original risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent a plurality of potential risk relationships between the enterprise and at least one entity and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and original risk attribute values; retrieving, from an adjusted risk relationship data store, the electronic record associated with the selected potential risk relationship, wherein the adjusted risk relationship data store contains electronic records that represent the plurality of potential risk relationships and each electronic record includes an electronic record identifier and at least some risk attribute values have been adjusted from the original risk attribute value; executing a comparison tool to automatically identify risk attribute values from the adjusted risk relationship data store that differ from the original risk attribute values for the selected potential risk relationship; flagging the automatically identified risk attribute values to the remote user device; receiving, from the remote user device, information to explain each difference associated with the automatically identified risk attribute values; and transmitting a summary of the automatically identified risk attribute values, including the information to explain each difference. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the selected potential risk relationship is a potential insurance policy between an insurer and an insured, the remote user device is associated with an insurance agent or broker, the original risk relationship data store is associated with original submissions from the insurance agent or broker, and the adjusted risk relationship data store is associated with a quote proposal from an insurance underwriter. 21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the summary includes at least four of: (i) an insured identifier, (ii) an insurer identifier, (iii) a report creation date, (iv) an agency or broker identifier, (v) an insurance policy number, (vi) a line of business, (vii) a policy period, (viii) a policy element, (ix) an original policy value, (x) a quoted policy value, (xi) a justification rational, and (xii) assumed values. | 3,700 |
341,616 | 16,801,966 | 3,761 | Methods of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. Methods of fluorinating a carbon containing compound comprising halogenation with Cl or Br followed by nucleophilic substitution with F are provided. Methods of direct oxidative C—H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. The halogenated products of the methods are provided. | 1. A method of direct oxidative C—H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond to form an sp3 C-F bond, the method comprising:
mixing a fluorinating catalyst, a fluorinating agent, and the carbon containing compound in an organic solvent to form a first mixture;
providing an inert gas over the first mixture; and
adding an oxidant to the first mixture to form a second mixture,
wherein the fluorinating agent is a fluoride ion source. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon containing compound is a drug or drug candidate precursor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of silver (I) fluoride, silver (II) fluoride, tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, silver fluoride and tetra alkyl ammonium fluoride, trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride R3N(HF)3, the ammonium salt [R3NH][H2F3], and potassium crown ether fluoride. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Mn(TPP)Cl, Mn(TMP)Cl, MnIII(TPP)C, MnIII(TMP)Cl, MnIV(TMP)F2, Mn(III) [tetra-2,6-dichlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetra-2-nitrophenyl porphyrin], Mn(III) [tetra-2-naphthyl porphyrin, Mn(III)[pentachlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octachloroporphyrin], Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octabromoporphyrin], and Mn(III)Retraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octanitroporphyrin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), idosylbenzene, peroxyacid, alkyl peroxide, peroxy sulfate(oxone), peroxycarbonate, peroxyborate, iodosyl mesitylene, pentafluoro-iodosylbenzene, benzene difluoroiodinane [phenyl-IF2], diacetoxyiodobenzene, 2-iodosylbenzoic acid, and peroxyacetic acid, peroxyphthalic acid, and peroxytungstic acid. 6. A composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 3-fluoro-5α-cholestane; 2- and 3-fluoro-sclareolide; 1, 3, 5(10)-estratrien-17-one; fluoro-(1R,4aS, 8aS)-octahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-naphthalenone; (1R, 4S, 6S,10S)-4,12,12-trimethyl-tricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecan-9-one; fluoro-levomethorphan; fluoro-lupine; fluoro-20-methyl-5alpha(H)-pregnane; fluoro-isolongifolanone; fluoro-caryophyllene acetate; fluoro-N-acetylgabapentin methyl ester; fluoro-acetyl-amantidine; phthalimido-fluoro-amantadine; methylene-fluorinated methyloctanoate; methylene fluorinated saturated fatty acid esters; N-acetyl-fluoro-Lyrica methyl ester; fluoro-artemisinin, fluoro-adapalene; fluoro-finasteride; N-acetyl-methyl-fluoro-phenidate; fluoro-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-fluoro-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-fluoro-memantine; hthalimido-fluoro-memantine; N-acetyl-fluoro-enanapril precursor methyl ester; fluoro-progesterone; fluoro-dopamine derivative; fluoro-pregabalin; fluoro-cholestane; methyl-fluoro-phenidate derivative; fluoro-gabapentin; fluoro-memantine derivative; fluoro-rimantadine derivative; fluoro-tramadol; fluoro-enalapril precursor; fluoro-donepezil precursor; fluoro-amphetamine; fluoro-tocopherol form of vitamin E; fluoro-melatonin; homophenylalanine; DOPA; fluoro-ibuprofen methyl ester; fluoro-buspirone; fluoro-eticyclidine; fluoro-amantadine; fluoro-lubiprostone; fluoro-penridopril; fluoro-fosinopril; fluoro-2-adamantanone; fluoro-rimantadine analogue; fluoro-adapalene precursor; fluoro-perindopril precursor; protected fluoro-gabapentin; methyl fluoro-octanoate; methyl fluoro-nonanate; methyl fluoro-hexanoate; fluoro-cyclohexyl acetate; and fluoro-cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester; or an analog of any of the foregoing. 7. A method of visualization comprising:
fluorinating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond by the method of claim 1, where the fluorinating agent includes 18F and a product produced by the method includes 18F to create an imaging agent; administering the imaging agent to a patient; and performing positron emission tomography on the patient. 8. A composition comprising a trans-difluoromanganese(IV) porphyrin MnIV(TMP)F2. 9. A composition comprising at least two or more of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond, a fluorinating agent, a fluorinating catalyst, or an oxidant. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the carbon containing compound includes a compound selected from the group consisting of neopentane; toluene; cyclohexane; norcarane; trans-decalin; 5α-cholestane; sclareolide; 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one; (1R,4aS, 8aS)-octahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-naphtalenone; (1R, 4S, 6S, 10S)-4,12,12-trimethyl-tricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecan-9-one; levomethorphan; lupine; 20-methyl-5alpha(H)-pregnane; isolongifolanone; caryophyllene acetate; N-acetyl-gabapentin methyl ester; acetyl-amantidine; phthalimido-amantadline; methyloctanoate; saturated fatty acid esters; N-acetyl-Lyrica methyl ester; artemisinin, adapalene; finasteride; N-acetyl-methylphenidate; mecamylamine; N-acetyl-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-memantine; phthalimidi-memantine; N-acetyl-enanapril precursor methyl ester; progesterone; artemisinin; adapalene; dopamine derivative; pregabalin; cholestane; finasteride; methylphenidate derivative; mecamylamine; gabapentin; memantine derivative; gabapentin; rimantadine derivative; isoleucine derivative; leucine derivative; valine derivative; pregesterone; tramadol; enalapril precursor; (1R, 4aS, 8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)octahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one; phenylalanine; donepezil precursor; amphetamine; δ-tocopherol form of vitamin E; tyrosine; melatonin; tryptophan; estrone acetate; progesterone; dopamine; homophenylalanine; DOPA; ibuprofen methyl ester; buspirone; eticyclidine; memantine; amantadine; lyrica; lubiprostone; penridopril; fosinopril; N-Phth amantadine; N-Phth Memantine; 2-adamantanone; rimantadine analogue; adapalene precursor; perindopril precursor; protected gabapentin; methyl octanoate; methyl nonanate; methyl hexanoate; cyclohexyl acetate; and cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester; or an analog of any one of the foregoing. 11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of silver (I) fluoride, silver (II) fluoride, tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, silver fluoride and tetra alkyl ammonium fluoride, trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride R3N(HF)3, the ammonium salt [R3NH][H2F3] and potassium crown ether fluoride. 12. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst includes a metal complexed with a ligand selected from the group consisting of a porphyrin, a phthalocyanine, a corrole, an N-pyridylmethyl-tri-aza-cycononane, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl cyclohexadiamine, a tetra-aza-cyclotetra-decane, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl 2,2′-dipyrrolidine, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl ethylenediamine, a tripyridyl amine (TPA), a salen, a salophen, a phthalocyanine, and a porphyrazine. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of manganese, copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel. 14. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese porphyrin, a manganese salen, or a manganese salophen. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the manganese porphyrin is selected from the group consisting of Mn(TPP)Cl, Mn(TMP)Cl, MnIII(TPP)C, MnIII(TMP)Cl, MnIV(TMP)F2, Mn(III) [tetra-2,6-dichlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetra-2-nitrophenyl porphyrin], Mn(III) [tetra-2-naphthyl porphyrin, Mn(III)[pentachlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octachloroporphyrin], Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octabromoporphyrin], and Mn(III)Retraphenyl-2,3, 7,8,12,13,17,18-Octanitroporphyrin. 16. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having at least one fluoride ligand bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(IV)-F, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 17. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having at least one fluoride ligand bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(V)-F, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 18. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having one or two fluoride ligands bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(IV)-F or L5Mn(IV)-F2, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 19. The composition of claim 9, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), idosylbenzene, peroxyacid, alkyl peroxide, peroxy sulfate(oxone), peroxycarbonate, peroxyborate, iodosyl mesitylene, pentafluoro-iodosylbenzene, benzene difluoroiodinane [phenyl-IF2], diacetoxyiodobenzene, 2-iodosylbenzoic acid, peroxyacetic acid, peroxyphthalic acid, and peroxytungstic acid. 20. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating agent includes 18F. | Methods of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. Methods of fluorinating a carbon containing compound comprising halogenation with Cl or Br followed by nucleophilic substitution with F are provided. Methods of direct oxidative C—H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond are provided. The halogenated products of the methods are provided.1. A method of direct oxidative C—H fluorination of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond to form an sp3 C-F bond, the method comprising:
mixing a fluorinating catalyst, a fluorinating agent, and the carbon containing compound in an organic solvent to form a first mixture;
providing an inert gas over the first mixture; and
adding an oxidant to the first mixture to form a second mixture,
wherein the fluorinating agent is a fluoride ion source. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon containing compound is a drug or drug candidate precursor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of silver (I) fluoride, silver (II) fluoride, tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, silver fluoride and tetra alkyl ammonium fluoride, trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride R3N(HF)3, the ammonium salt [R3NH][H2F3], and potassium crown ether fluoride. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Mn(TPP)Cl, Mn(TMP)Cl, MnIII(TPP)C, MnIII(TMP)Cl, MnIV(TMP)F2, Mn(III) [tetra-2,6-dichlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetra-2-nitrophenyl porphyrin], Mn(III) [tetra-2-naphthyl porphyrin, Mn(III)[pentachlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octachloroporphyrin], Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octabromoporphyrin], and Mn(III)Retraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octanitroporphyrin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), idosylbenzene, peroxyacid, alkyl peroxide, peroxy sulfate(oxone), peroxycarbonate, peroxyborate, iodosyl mesitylene, pentafluoro-iodosylbenzene, benzene difluoroiodinane [phenyl-IF2], diacetoxyiodobenzene, 2-iodosylbenzoic acid, and peroxyacetic acid, peroxyphthalic acid, and peroxytungstic acid. 6. A composition comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 3-fluoro-5α-cholestane; 2- and 3-fluoro-sclareolide; 1, 3, 5(10)-estratrien-17-one; fluoro-(1R,4aS, 8aS)-octahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-naphthalenone; (1R, 4S, 6S,10S)-4,12,12-trimethyl-tricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecan-9-one; fluoro-levomethorphan; fluoro-lupine; fluoro-20-methyl-5alpha(H)-pregnane; fluoro-isolongifolanone; fluoro-caryophyllene acetate; fluoro-N-acetylgabapentin methyl ester; fluoro-acetyl-amantidine; phthalimido-fluoro-amantadine; methylene-fluorinated methyloctanoate; methylene fluorinated saturated fatty acid esters; N-acetyl-fluoro-Lyrica methyl ester; fluoro-artemisinin, fluoro-adapalene; fluoro-finasteride; N-acetyl-methyl-fluoro-phenidate; fluoro-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-fluoro-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-fluoro-memantine; hthalimido-fluoro-memantine; N-acetyl-fluoro-enanapril precursor methyl ester; fluoro-progesterone; fluoro-dopamine derivative; fluoro-pregabalin; fluoro-cholestane; methyl-fluoro-phenidate derivative; fluoro-gabapentin; fluoro-memantine derivative; fluoro-rimantadine derivative; fluoro-tramadol; fluoro-enalapril precursor; fluoro-donepezil precursor; fluoro-amphetamine; fluoro-tocopherol form of vitamin E; fluoro-melatonin; homophenylalanine; DOPA; fluoro-ibuprofen methyl ester; fluoro-buspirone; fluoro-eticyclidine; fluoro-amantadine; fluoro-lubiprostone; fluoro-penridopril; fluoro-fosinopril; fluoro-2-adamantanone; fluoro-rimantadine analogue; fluoro-adapalene precursor; fluoro-perindopril precursor; protected fluoro-gabapentin; methyl fluoro-octanoate; methyl fluoro-nonanate; methyl fluoro-hexanoate; fluoro-cyclohexyl acetate; and fluoro-cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester; or an analog of any of the foregoing. 7. A method of visualization comprising:
fluorinating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond by the method of claim 1, where the fluorinating agent includes 18F and a product produced by the method includes 18F to create an imaging agent; administering the imaging agent to a patient; and performing positron emission tomography on the patient. 8. A composition comprising a trans-difluoromanganese(IV) porphyrin MnIV(TMP)F2. 9. A composition comprising at least two or more of a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond, a fluorinating agent, a fluorinating catalyst, or an oxidant. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the carbon containing compound includes a compound selected from the group consisting of neopentane; toluene; cyclohexane; norcarane; trans-decalin; 5α-cholestane; sclareolide; 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one; (1R,4aS, 8aS)-octahydro-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)-naphtalenone; (1R, 4S, 6S, 10S)-4,12,12-trimethyl-tricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecan-9-one; levomethorphan; lupine; 20-methyl-5alpha(H)-pregnane; isolongifolanone; caryophyllene acetate; N-acetyl-gabapentin methyl ester; acetyl-amantidine; phthalimido-amantadline; methyloctanoate; saturated fatty acid esters; N-acetyl-Lyrica methyl ester; artemisinin, adapalene; finasteride; N-acetyl-methylphenidate; mecamylamine; N-acetyl-mecamylamine; N-acetyl-memantine; phthalimidi-memantine; N-acetyl-enanapril precursor methyl ester; progesterone; artemisinin; adapalene; dopamine derivative; pregabalin; cholestane; finasteride; methylphenidate derivative; mecamylamine; gabapentin; memantine derivative; gabapentin; rimantadine derivative; isoleucine derivative; leucine derivative; valine derivative; pregesterone; tramadol; enalapril precursor; (1R, 4aS, 8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-1-(3-oxobutyl)octahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one; phenylalanine; donepezil precursor; amphetamine; δ-tocopherol form of vitamin E; tyrosine; melatonin; tryptophan; estrone acetate; progesterone; dopamine; homophenylalanine; DOPA; ibuprofen methyl ester; buspirone; eticyclidine; memantine; amantadine; lyrica; lubiprostone; penridopril; fosinopril; N-Phth amantadine; N-Phth Memantine; 2-adamantanone; rimantadine analogue; adapalene precursor; perindopril precursor; protected gabapentin; methyl octanoate; methyl nonanate; methyl hexanoate; cyclohexyl acetate; and cyclohexane carboxylic acid methyl ester; or an analog of any one of the foregoing. 11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of silver (I) fluoride, silver (II) fluoride, tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, silver fluoride and tetra alkyl ammonium fluoride, trialkyl amine trihydrofluoride R3N(HF)3, the ammonium salt [R3NH][H2F3] and potassium crown ether fluoride. 12. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst includes a metal complexed with a ligand selected from the group consisting of a porphyrin, a phthalocyanine, a corrole, an N-pyridylmethyl-tri-aza-cycononane, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl cyclohexadiamine, a tetra-aza-cyclotetra-decane, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl 2,2′-dipyrrolidine, an N,N-dipyridylmethyl ethylenediamine, a tripyridyl amine (TPA), a salen, a salophen, a phthalocyanine, and a porphyrazine. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of manganese, copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel. 14. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese porphyrin, a manganese salen, or a manganese salophen. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the manganese porphyrin is selected from the group consisting of Mn(TPP)Cl, Mn(TMP)Cl, MnIII(TPP)C, MnIII(TMP)Cl, MnIV(TMP)F2, Mn(III) [tetra-2,6-dichlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetra-2-nitrophenyl porphyrin], Mn(III) [tetra-2-naphthyl porphyrin, Mn(III)[pentachlorophenyl porphyrin, Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octachloroporphyrin], Mn(III) [tetraphenyl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octabromoporphyrin], and Mn(III)Retraphenyl-2,3, 7,8,12,13,17,18-Octanitroporphyrin. 16. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having at least one fluoride ligand bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(IV)-F, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 17. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having at least one fluoride ligand bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(V)-F, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 18. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating catalyst is a manganese complex having one or two fluoride ligands bound to the manganese and the formula L5Mn(IV)-F or L5Mn(IV)-F2, where L is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and halide, and the manganese has octahedral coordination with six total ligands and a neutral overall charge. 19. The composition of claim 9, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), idosylbenzene, peroxyacid, alkyl peroxide, peroxy sulfate(oxone), peroxycarbonate, peroxyborate, iodosyl mesitylene, pentafluoro-iodosylbenzene, benzene difluoroiodinane [phenyl-IF2], diacetoxyiodobenzene, 2-iodosylbenzoic acid, peroxyacetic acid, peroxyphthalic acid, and peroxytungstic acid. 20. The composition of claim 9, wherein the fluorinating agent includes 18F. | 3,700 |
341,617 | 16,801,967 | 3,761 | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum. | 1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum.1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | 3,700 |
341,618 | 16,801,925 | 3,761 | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum. | 1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum.1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | 3,700 |
341,619 | 16,801,927 | 3,761 | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum. | 1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum.1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | 3,700 |
341,620 | 16,801,915 | 3,761 | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum. | 1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | There is provided connectors for connecting resilient collecting tubes in fluid collection systems. The connectors comprise sealing elements to prevent leakages such as air leakage in fluid collection systems operating under vacuum.1. A connector in a fluid collection system for fluidly connecting a resilient collecting tube thereto, the connector comprising:
one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end fluidly connected through a connector body comprising a conduit having a long axis and an outer diameter, at least one of said one or more fluid receiving end and one or more fluid efflux end is a resilient collecting tube coupling end comprising a resilient collecting tube retention structure having at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member comprising a retention edge, wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a diameter, at the retention edge, greater than the outer diameter of the connector body, the resilient collecting tube adopting a constricting curvature on either side of the retention edge, a resilient sealing member, first and second sealing flanges to position the sealing member therebetween and having relative heights configured to define a sloping sealing line of contact that forms a sealing angle with the long axis of the conduit and enables the resilient collecting tube to sealingly compress the resilient sealing member along the sloping sealing line of contact to form a sealing contact zone and whereby the tube is free to engage the retention edge to form a retention coupling. 2. The connector of claim 1 wherein the sloping sealing line of contact substantially matches the constricting curvature of the collecting tube in the sealing contact zone. 3. The connector of claim 2 wherein the resilient sealing member has an uncompressed diameter greater than the height of the first and second sealing flanges. 4. The connector of claim 2 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located between the proximal and distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding members. 5. The connector of claim 4 wherein the proximal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a greatest diameter smaller than a greatest diameter of the distal resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member. 6. The connector of claim 4 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member is a barb. 7. The connector of claim 6 for use in a fluid collection system operated under vacuum. 8. The connector of claim 7 wherein the connector is used in a sap collection system from collecting sap from trees. 9. The connector of claim 8 wherein the height of the proximal barb is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 10. The connector of claim 9 wherein the height of the adjacent sealing flange is between about 1.2 and 1.7 times the height of the second sealing flange distant to the proximal barb. 11. The connector of claim 10 wherein a height of the resilient sealing member is between about 1.2 and 4 times the height of the first sealing flange adjacent to the proximal barb. 12. The connector of claim 1 wherein the tube retention structure comprises a first resilient tube diameter expanding member proximal to a coupling end opening and a second resilient tube diameter expanding member located distal to the opening, and wherein the resilient sealing member is located after the distal resilient tube diameter expanding member. 13. The connector of claim 1 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serves as the first sealing flange and collaborate with the second sealing flange and the resilient sealing member to form the sealing line of contact with the resilient collecting tube. 14. The connector of claim 13 wherein the at least one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member has a height of about 0.9 mm and the second sealing flange has a height of between approximately 0.65 mm and 0.75 mm and the resilient sealing member has a height of approximately 1 mm. 15. The connector of claim 14 wherein the sealing angle is between approximately 4.5 and 7.5 degrees. 16. The connector of claim 15 wherein there is more than one resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member and the resilient collecting tube diameter expanding member serving as the first sealing flange is proximal to the coupling end opening. 17. The connector of claim 16 wherein the resilient sealing member is an O-ring. 18. The connector of claim 17 wherein the O-ring is made of silicone. 19. The connector of claim 18 wherein the connector is a spout. 20. The connector of claim 19 wherein the retention structures are molded in an injection mold and wherein a multi-part steel cavity is employed to mold the retention structures to generate a sharp retention edge. | 3,700 |
341,621 | 16,801,942 | 3,761 | In order to maintain flexible system bandwidth and a flexible center frequency, without requiring a cyclic prefix or guard interval, a transmitter apparatus transmits a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform having a mixed symbol structure, in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval and transmits data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval. The data may be based on input data processed using overlapping FFT windows, and an amount of overlap between the FFT windows may be configurable by the transmitter or the receiver. An apparatus receiving the downlink transmission comprising data based on a single carrier waveform may process the data based on overlapping FFT windows. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is prepared for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
transmit a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and
transmit data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to prepare the data for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
means for transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and means for transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the data is prepared for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. | In order to maintain flexible system bandwidth and a flexible center frequency, without requiring a cyclic prefix or guard interval, a transmitter apparatus transmits a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform having a mixed symbol structure, in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval and transmits data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval. The data may be based on input data processed using overlapping FFT windows, and an amount of overlap between the FFT windows may be configurable by the transmitter or the receiver. An apparatus receiving the downlink transmission comprising data based on a single carrier waveform may process the data based on overlapping FFT windows.1. A method of wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is prepared for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
transmit a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and
transmit data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to prepare the data for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
means for transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and means for transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the data is prepared for transmission using overlapping FFT windows. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a first FFT window comprises input data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the transmitter. 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap for FFT windows is configurable by the receiver. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
transmitting a reference signal to a receiver based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; and transmitting data to the receiver based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window. | 3,700 |
341,622 | 16,801,941 | 3,761 | The present application is directed to a shelving system having a coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler, said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. | 1. A shelving system comprising:
a plurality of support posts; at least one tab coupler mounted on each support post such that each tab coupler faces at least one equi-leveled tab coupler mounted on a neighboring support post; and a plurality of socket couplers each fitted at respective opposite ends of support beams, said tab coupler comprising at least one locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round T-like sectioned shape, said socket coupler comprising at least one U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the shelving system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes and defining a support surface on the support beams. 2. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a neck of the locking tab and a head of the locking tab are cylindrical, and a locking socket head and the tab arresting grove have a U-like shape, thereby facilitating sliding displacement of the socket coupler into engagement with the tab coupler, into the unlocked position, and wherein rotation of the socket coupler or the tab coupler entails engagement therebetween at the locked position. 3. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler and the socket coupler are each integrally articulated with, or articulable integrated, with a respective first construction member and a second construction member. 4. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler further comprises at least one barrier member spaced from the locking tab, wherein the socket coupler is slidably detachable from the tab coupler only at the unlocked position, along a path of displacement. 5. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is disposed so as to prevent sliding displacement of the socket coupler in a direction perpendicular to a path of displacement of the socket coupler with respect to the tab coupler. 6. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is a wall portion extending parallel to the path of displacement. 7. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at the unlocked position an opening of the tab arresting groove faces in a direction of the path of displacement. 8. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a foolproof guard is provided at the tab coupler, configured for prevention rotation of the socket coupler beyond the locked position. 9. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard can extend at a 4th quadrant of the round neck of the locking tab. 10. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard is configured as a tangential extension of the neck of the locking tab, said extension extending at either or both tangents at the 4th quadrant. 11. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at least one tab coupler extends from a tab mounting unit, said tab mounting unit intercoupling the at least one tab coupler with any support unit. 12. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a side bar of the shelving system, and wherein the plurality of support posts comprises at least two right support posts and at least two left support posts, each of the right support posts and the left support posts interconnect with one another through a side bar, wherein said side bar is configured with at least one tab coupler, said at least one tab coupler disposed on a side face of the side bar and facing a tab coupler of the other of the right support posts and the left support posts. 13. The shelving system of claim 12, wherein the side bar is configured with at least one secondary tab coupler, said secondary tab coupler disposed at a front face or rear face of the side bar. 14. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein each end of the side bar is configured with a right side tab coupler, a front or rear side tab coupler, and a left side tab coupler. 15. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is articulable to any support structure. 16. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a prismatic body configured with at least one tab coupler over at least one face of the prismatic body. 17. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is configured for mounting over a support post, said tab mounting unit comprising one or more radially disposed tab couplers. 18. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit comprises several tab couplers, for articulating respective socket couplers thereto, at a coextensive configuration, at an angled configuration, or at coextensive and angled configurations. 19. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a tolerance cancelation arrangement is configured between the tab coupler and the socket coupler, to thereby cancel or reduce to minimum tolerances therebetween. 20. The shelving system of claim 19, wherein the tolerance cancelation arrangement comprises one or more socket tolerance projections configured at one of the mounting face and a head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and a head face of the locking tab; and a complimentary one or more tab tolerance projections configured at the other one of the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and the head face of the locking tab; wherein at the unlocked position said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections are coaxially oriented and do not interlace with one another, and at the locked position, said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections bear against one another so as to apply axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 21. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections project from the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler substantially the same extent as the tab tolerance projections projects from the locking face and the head face of the locking tab, whereby at the unlocked position, they zero each other, and at the locked position their axial projection accumulates to apply the axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 22. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections and the tab tolerance projections are co-oriented at the unlocked position, and intersect one another at the locked position. 23. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a securing arrangement is configured at one or both of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, for preventing spontaneous displacement from the locked position into the unlocked position. 24. The shelving system of claim 23, wherein the securing arrangement is a projection configured at one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, and a depression configured at the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, wherein said projection is snappingly engageable by the depression. 25. A construction assembly comprising at least one first construction member and at least one second construction member, and a coupling system, said coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler; wherein one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with one of the first construction member and the second construction member, and the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with the other one of the first construction member and the second construction member; and wherein said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configured between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. 26. The shelving system of claim 1 comprising one or more utility modules applicable over the support beams. 27. The shelving system of claim 26, wherein a post mounting assembly is configured for detachably axially articulating a tab mounting unit over a one of the plurality of support posts, said post mounting assembly comprising a post configured with at least one radial post engaging member, and a mounting shim comprising at least one shell member having an inside, concave surface corresponding with an external surface of the support post, and fitted at the concave surface with at least one radial shim engaging member configured for snug engagement with a corresponding radial post engaging member, and wherein an outside convex surface of the mounting shim has an arresting mechanism configured for engaging within a bore of the tab mounting unit. 28. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises a single shell member configured for snug engagement over the support post, the single shell member spanning approximately 180°. 29. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises two or more shell members configured for snug engagement plying over the support post. 30. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the two or more shims of the post mounting assembly interconnect with one another. 31. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein an outside surface of the mounting shim is configured with a tapering surface facilitating as an arresting mechanism for engaging within a correspondingly tapering cross section of within the bore of the tab mounting unit. 32. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the radial shim engaging member of the at least one shim member comprises one or more radial ribs or radial grooves, configured for engaging with corresponding other of radial ribs or radial grooves configured at the external surface of the support post. | The present application is directed to a shelving system having a coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler, said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes.1. A shelving system comprising:
a plurality of support posts; at least one tab coupler mounted on each support post such that each tab coupler faces at least one equi-leveled tab coupler mounted on a neighboring support post; and a plurality of socket couplers each fitted at respective opposite ends of support beams, said tab coupler comprising at least one locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round T-like sectioned shape, said socket coupler comprising at least one U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the shelving system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes and defining a support surface on the support beams. 2. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a neck of the locking tab and a head of the locking tab are cylindrical, and a locking socket head and the tab arresting grove have a U-like shape, thereby facilitating sliding displacement of the socket coupler into engagement with the tab coupler, into the unlocked position, and wherein rotation of the socket coupler or the tab coupler entails engagement therebetween at the locked position. 3. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler and the socket coupler are each integrally articulated with, or articulable integrated, with a respective first construction member and a second construction member. 4. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler further comprises at least one barrier member spaced from the locking tab, wherein the socket coupler is slidably detachable from the tab coupler only at the unlocked position, along a path of displacement. 5. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is disposed so as to prevent sliding displacement of the socket coupler in a direction perpendicular to a path of displacement of the socket coupler with respect to the tab coupler. 6. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is a wall portion extending parallel to the path of displacement. 7. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at the unlocked position an opening of the tab arresting groove faces in a direction of the path of displacement. 8. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a foolproof guard is provided at the tab coupler, configured for prevention rotation of the socket coupler beyond the locked position. 9. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard can extend at a 4th quadrant of the round neck of the locking tab. 10. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard is configured as a tangential extension of the neck of the locking tab, said extension extending at either or both tangents at the 4th quadrant. 11. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at least one tab coupler extends from a tab mounting unit, said tab mounting unit intercoupling the at least one tab coupler with any support unit. 12. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a side bar of the shelving system, and wherein the plurality of support posts comprises at least two right support posts and at least two left support posts, each of the right support posts and the left support posts interconnect with one another through a side bar, wherein said side bar is configured with at least one tab coupler, said at least one tab coupler disposed on a side face of the side bar and facing a tab coupler of the other of the right support posts and the left support posts. 13. The shelving system of claim 12, wherein the side bar is configured with at least one secondary tab coupler, said secondary tab coupler disposed at a front face or rear face of the side bar. 14. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein each end of the side bar is configured with a right side tab coupler, a front or rear side tab coupler, and a left side tab coupler. 15. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is articulable to any support structure. 16. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a prismatic body configured with at least one tab coupler over at least one face of the prismatic body. 17. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is configured for mounting over a support post, said tab mounting unit comprising one or more radially disposed tab couplers. 18. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit comprises several tab couplers, for articulating respective socket couplers thereto, at a coextensive configuration, at an angled configuration, or at coextensive and angled configurations. 19. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a tolerance cancelation arrangement is configured between the tab coupler and the socket coupler, to thereby cancel or reduce to minimum tolerances therebetween. 20. The shelving system of claim 19, wherein the tolerance cancelation arrangement comprises one or more socket tolerance projections configured at one of the mounting face and a head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and a head face of the locking tab; and a complimentary one or more tab tolerance projections configured at the other one of the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and the head face of the locking tab; wherein at the unlocked position said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections are coaxially oriented and do not interlace with one another, and at the locked position, said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections bear against one another so as to apply axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 21. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections project from the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler substantially the same extent as the tab tolerance projections projects from the locking face and the head face of the locking tab, whereby at the unlocked position, they zero each other, and at the locked position their axial projection accumulates to apply the axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 22. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections and the tab tolerance projections are co-oriented at the unlocked position, and intersect one another at the locked position. 23. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a securing arrangement is configured at one or both of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, for preventing spontaneous displacement from the locked position into the unlocked position. 24. The shelving system of claim 23, wherein the securing arrangement is a projection configured at one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, and a depression configured at the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, wherein said projection is snappingly engageable by the depression. 25. A construction assembly comprising at least one first construction member and at least one second construction member, and a coupling system, said coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler; wherein one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with one of the first construction member and the second construction member, and the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with the other one of the first construction member and the second construction member; and wherein said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configured between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. 26. The shelving system of claim 1 comprising one or more utility modules applicable over the support beams. 27. The shelving system of claim 26, wherein a post mounting assembly is configured for detachably axially articulating a tab mounting unit over a one of the plurality of support posts, said post mounting assembly comprising a post configured with at least one radial post engaging member, and a mounting shim comprising at least one shell member having an inside, concave surface corresponding with an external surface of the support post, and fitted at the concave surface with at least one radial shim engaging member configured for snug engagement with a corresponding radial post engaging member, and wherein an outside convex surface of the mounting shim has an arresting mechanism configured for engaging within a bore of the tab mounting unit. 28. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises a single shell member configured for snug engagement over the support post, the single shell member spanning approximately 180°. 29. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises two or more shell members configured for snug engagement plying over the support post. 30. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the two or more shims of the post mounting assembly interconnect with one another. 31. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein an outside surface of the mounting shim is configured with a tapering surface facilitating as an arresting mechanism for engaging within a correspondingly tapering cross section of within the bore of the tab mounting unit. 32. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the radial shim engaging member of the at least one shim member comprises one or more radial ribs or radial grooves, configured for engaging with corresponding other of radial ribs or radial grooves configured at the external surface of the support post. | 3,700 |
341,623 | 16,801,924 | 3,761 | The present application is directed to a shelving system having a coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler, said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. | 1. A shelving system comprising:
a plurality of support posts; at least one tab coupler mounted on each support post such that each tab coupler faces at least one equi-leveled tab coupler mounted on a neighboring support post; and a plurality of socket couplers each fitted at respective opposite ends of support beams, said tab coupler comprising at least one locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round T-like sectioned shape, said socket coupler comprising at least one U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the shelving system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes and defining a support surface on the support beams. 2. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a neck of the locking tab and a head of the locking tab are cylindrical, and a locking socket head and the tab arresting grove have a U-like shape, thereby facilitating sliding displacement of the socket coupler into engagement with the tab coupler, into the unlocked position, and wherein rotation of the socket coupler or the tab coupler entails engagement therebetween at the locked position. 3. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler and the socket coupler are each integrally articulated with, or articulable integrated, with a respective first construction member and a second construction member. 4. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler further comprises at least one barrier member spaced from the locking tab, wherein the socket coupler is slidably detachable from the tab coupler only at the unlocked position, along a path of displacement. 5. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is disposed so as to prevent sliding displacement of the socket coupler in a direction perpendicular to a path of displacement of the socket coupler with respect to the tab coupler. 6. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is a wall portion extending parallel to the path of displacement. 7. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at the unlocked position an opening of the tab arresting groove faces in a direction of the path of displacement. 8. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a foolproof guard is provided at the tab coupler, configured for prevention rotation of the socket coupler beyond the locked position. 9. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard can extend at a 4th quadrant of the round neck of the locking tab. 10. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard is configured as a tangential extension of the neck of the locking tab, said extension extending at either or both tangents at the 4th quadrant. 11. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at least one tab coupler extends from a tab mounting unit, said tab mounting unit intercoupling the at least one tab coupler with any support unit. 12. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a side bar of the shelving system, and wherein the plurality of support posts comprises at least two right support posts and at least two left support posts, each of the right support posts and the left support posts interconnect with one another through a side bar, wherein said side bar is configured with at least one tab coupler, said at least one tab coupler disposed on a side face of the side bar and facing a tab coupler of the other of the right support posts and the left support posts. 13. The shelving system of claim 12, wherein the side bar is configured with at least one secondary tab coupler, said secondary tab coupler disposed at a front face or rear face of the side bar. 14. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein each end of the side bar is configured with a right side tab coupler, a front or rear side tab coupler, and a left side tab coupler. 15. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is articulable to any support structure. 16. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a prismatic body configured with at least one tab coupler over at least one face of the prismatic body. 17. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is configured for mounting over a support post, said tab mounting unit comprising one or more radially disposed tab couplers. 18. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit comprises several tab couplers, for articulating respective socket couplers thereto, at a coextensive configuration, at an angled configuration, or at coextensive and angled configurations. 19. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a tolerance cancelation arrangement is configured between the tab coupler and the socket coupler, to thereby cancel or reduce to minimum tolerances therebetween. 20. The shelving system of claim 19, wherein the tolerance cancelation arrangement comprises one or more socket tolerance projections configured at one of the mounting face and a head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and a head face of the locking tab; and a complimentary one or more tab tolerance projections configured at the other one of the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and the head face of the locking tab; wherein at the unlocked position said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections are coaxially oriented and do not interlace with one another, and at the locked position, said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections bear against one another so as to apply axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 21. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections project from the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler substantially the same extent as the tab tolerance projections projects from the locking face and the head face of the locking tab, whereby at the unlocked position, they zero each other, and at the locked position their axial projection accumulates to apply the axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 22. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections and the tab tolerance projections are co-oriented at the unlocked position, and intersect one another at the locked position. 23. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a securing arrangement is configured at one or both of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, for preventing spontaneous displacement from the locked position into the unlocked position. 24. The shelving system of claim 23, wherein the securing arrangement is a projection configured at one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, and a depression configured at the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, wherein said projection is snappingly engageable by the depression. 25. A construction assembly comprising at least one first construction member and at least one second construction member, and a coupling system, said coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler; wherein one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with one of the first construction member and the second construction member, and the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with the other one of the first construction member and the second construction member; and wherein said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configured between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. 26. The shelving system of claim 1 comprising one or more utility modules applicable over the support beams. 27. The shelving system of claim 26, wherein a post mounting assembly is configured for detachably axially articulating a tab mounting unit over a one of the plurality of support posts, said post mounting assembly comprising a post configured with at least one radial post engaging member, and a mounting shim comprising at least one shell member having an inside, concave surface corresponding with an external surface of the support post, and fitted at the concave surface with at least one radial shim engaging member configured for snug engagement with a corresponding radial post engaging member, and wherein an outside convex surface of the mounting shim has an arresting mechanism configured for engaging within a bore of the tab mounting unit. 28. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises a single shell member configured for snug engagement over the support post, the single shell member spanning approximately 180°. 29. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises two or more shell members configured for snug engagement plying over the support post. 30. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the two or more shims of the post mounting assembly interconnect with one another. 31. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein an outside surface of the mounting shim is configured with a tapering surface facilitating as an arresting mechanism for engaging within a correspondingly tapering cross section of within the bore of the tab mounting unit. 32. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the radial shim engaging member of the at least one shim member comprises one or more radial ribs or radial grooves, configured for engaging with corresponding other of radial ribs or radial grooves configured at the external surface of the support post. | The present application is directed to a shelving system having a coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler, said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes.1. A shelving system comprising:
a plurality of support posts; at least one tab coupler mounted on each support post such that each tab coupler faces at least one equi-leveled tab coupler mounted on a neighboring support post; and a plurality of socket couplers each fitted at respective opposite ends of support beams, said tab coupler comprising at least one locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round T-like sectioned shape, said socket coupler comprising at least one U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the shelving system is configurable between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes and defining a support surface on the support beams. 2. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a neck of the locking tab and a head of the locking tab are cylindrical, and a locking socket head and the tab arresting grove have a U-like shape, thereby facilitating sliding displacement of the socket coupler into engagement with the tab coupler, into the unlocked position, and wherein rotation of the socket coupler or the tab coupler entails engagement therebetween at the locked position. 3. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler and the socket coupler are each integrally articulated with, or articulable integrated, with a respective first construction member and a second construction member. 4. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein the tab coupler further comprises at least one barrier member spaced from the locking tab, wherein the socket coupler is slidably detachable from the tab coupler only at the unlocked position, along a path of displacement. 5. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is disposed so as to prevent sliding displacement of the socket coupler in a direction perpendicular to a path of displacement of the socket coupler with respect to the tab coupler. 6. The shelving system of claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member is a wall portion extending parallel to the path of displacement. 7. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at the unlocked position an opening of the tab arresting groove faces in a direction of the path of displacement. 8. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a foolproof guard is provided at the tab coupler, configured for prevention rotation of the socket coupler beyond the locked position. 9. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard can extend at a 4th quadrant of the round neck of the locking tab. 10. The shelving system of claim 8, wherein the foolproof guard is configured as a tangential extension of the neck of the locking tab, said extension extending at either or both tangents at the 4th quadrant. 11. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein at least one tab coupler extends from a tab mounting unit, said tab mounting unit intercoupling the at least one tab coupler with any support unit. 12. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a side bar of the shelving system, and wherein the plurality of support posts comprises at least two right support posts and at least two left support posts, each of the right support posts and the left support posts interconnect with one another through a side bar, wherein said side bar is configured with at least one tab coupler, said at least one tab coupler disposed on a side face of the side bar and facing a tab coupler of the other of the right support posts and the left support posts. 13. The shelving system of claim 12, wherein the side bar is configured with at least one secondary tab coupler, said secondary tab coupler disposed at a front face or rear face of the side bar. 14. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein each end of the side bar is configured with a right side tab coupler, a front or rear side tab coupler, and a left side tab coupler. 15. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is articulable to any support structure. 16. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is a prismatic body configured with at least one tab coupler over at least one face of the prismatic body. 17. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit is configured for mounting over a support post, said tab mounting unit comprising one or more radially disposed tab couplers. 18. The shelving system of claim 11, wherein the tab mounting unit comprises several tab couplers, for articulating respective socket couplers thereto, at a coextensive configuration, at an angled configuration, or at coextensive and angled configurations. 19. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a tolerance cancelation arrangement is configured between the tab coupler and the socket coupler, to thereby cancel or reduce to minimum tolerances therebetween. 20. The shelving system of claim 19, wherein the tolerance cancelation arrangement comprises one or more socket tolerance projections configured at one of the mounting face and a head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and a head face of the locking tab; and a complimentary one or more tab tolerance projections configured at the other one of the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler, and the locking face and the head face of the locking tab; wherein at the unlocked position said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections are coaxially oriented and do not interlace with one another, and at the locked position, said socket tolerance projections and said tab tolerance projections bear against one another so as to apply axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 21. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections project from the mounting face and the head face of the socket coupler substantially the same extent as the tab tolerance projections projects from the locking face and the head face of the locking tab, whereby at the unlocked position, they zero each other, and at the locked position their axial projection accumulates to apply the axial pressure between the tab coupler and the socket coupler. 22. The shelving system of claim 20, wherein the socket tolerance projections and the tab tolerance projections are co-oriented at the unlocked position, and intersect one another at the locked position. 23. The shelving system of claim 1, wherein a securing arrangement is configured at one or both of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, for preventing spontaneous displacement from the locked position into the unlocked position. 24. The shelving system of claim 23, wherein the securing arrangement is a projection configured at one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, and a depression configured at the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler, wherein said projection is snappingly engageable by the depression. 25. A construction assembly comprising at least one first construction member and at least one second construction member, and a coupling system, said coupling system comprising a tab coupler and a socket coupler; wherein one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with one of the first construction member and the second construction member, and the other one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler is articulable with the other one of the first construction member and the second construction member; and wherein said tab coupler comprising a locking tab extending from a locking face along a locking axis and configured with a round, T-like sectioned shape; said socket coupler comprising a U-shaped locking socket projecting from a mounting face of the socket coupler along a coupler axis and configured with a U-shaped tab arresting groove; the coupling system is configured between an unlocked position whereat the locking socket slidingly receives the locking tab so that the locking axis and the coupler axis coincide, and a locked position upon rotating one of the tab coupler and the socket coupler about the coinciding axes, entailing snugly arresting of the locking tab by the locking socket, preventing sliding displacement and axial displacement along the coinciding axes. 26. The shelving system of claim 1 comprising one or more utility modules applicable over the support beams. 27. The shelving system of claim 26, wherein a post mounting assembly is configured for detachably axially articulating a tab mounting unit over a one of the plurality of support posts, said post mounting assembly comprising a post configured with at least one radial post engaging member, and a mounting shim comprising at least one shell member having an inside, concave surface corresponding with an external surface of the support post, and fitted at the concave surface with at least one radial shim engaging member configured for snug engagement with a corresponding radial post engaging member, and wherein an outside convex surface of the mounting shim has an arresting mechanism configured for engaging within a bore of the tab mounting unit. 28. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises a single shell member configured for snug engagement over the support post, the single shell member spanning approximately 180°. 29. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the mounting shim of the post mounting assembly comprises two or more shell members configured for snug engagement plying over the support post. 30. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the two or more shims of the post mounting assembly interconnect with one another. 31. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein an outside surface of the mounting shim is configured with a tapering surface facilitating as an arresting mechanism for engaging within a correspondingly tapering cross section of within the bore of the tab mounting unit. 32. The shelving system of claim 27, wherein the radial shim engaging member of the at least one shim member comprises one or more radial ribs or radial grooves, configured for engaging with corresponding other of radial ribs or radial grooves configured at the external surface of the support post. | 3,700 |
341,624 | 16,801,964 | 2,652 | A beamforming microphone array is described herein, comprising: a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. | 1. A beamforming microphone array comprising:
a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 2. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is further adapted to generate a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The beamforming area according to claim 4 wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 5, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to adapt one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 13, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and further wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to generate one or more fixed beam positions covering a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm adapted to determine direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals. 19. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 18, wherein
the direction of arrival algorithm is adapted to determine a direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the wave sensor system can determine motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit can eliminate fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be used by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be transmitted to a room monitoring system. 24. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to generate one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1 further comprising:
a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the plurality of microphones, wherein each is adapted to receive the mic audio signal from a respective one of the plurality of microphones, perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received mic audio signal, and output an echo-corrected mic audio signal. 27. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 26, further comprising:
a first communication device adapted to receive a reference signal from a remote source, and forward the same to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to delete the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices. 28. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 27, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 29. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 30. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to extract location information for each person in the conference room and is further adapted to adapt a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 31. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, then the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to modify one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 32. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adjust a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 33. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an automixer algorithm, and wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adapt multiple beams and then combine the multiple beams to produce a single audio signal using the automixer algorithm. 34. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, further comprising:
an active noise reduction circuit adapted to remove noise from an output of the adaptive beamforming circuit, and output a noise reduced audio signal; an Ethernet communication device adapted to receive a far end audio signal from a remote location and output the same to one or more speakers and to each of the acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
the Ethernet communication device is further adapted to receive as an input the noise reduced audio signal from the active noise reduction circuit, and output the same to the remote location; and
a power-over-Ethernet device adapted to extract electrical power over Ethernet communications cables and provide the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming array. 35. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 34, further comprising:
one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, and wherein
the beamforming microphone array is adapted to receive as inputs outputs from each of the sensors, and output the sensor outputs through the Ethernet communication device. 36. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to recognize gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 37. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 36, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | A beamforming microphone array is described herein, comprising: a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area.1. A beamforming microphone array comprising:
a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 2. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is further adapted to generate a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The beamforming area according to claim 4 wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 5, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to adapt one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 13, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and further wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to generate one or more fixed beam positions covering a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm adapted to determine direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals. 19. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 18, wherein
the direction of arrival algorithm is adapted to determine a direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the wave sensor system can determine motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit can eliminate fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be used by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be transmitted to a room monitoring system. 24. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to generate one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1 further comprising:
a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the plurality of microphones, wherein each is adapted to receive the mic audio signal from a respective one of the plurality of microphones, perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received mic audio signal, and output an echo-corrected mic audio signal. 27. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 26, further comprising:
a first communication device adapted to receive a reference signal from a remote source, and forward the same to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to delete the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices. 28. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 27, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 29. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 30. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to extract location information for each person in the conference room and is further adapted to adapt a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 31. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, then the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to modify one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 32. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adjust a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 33. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an automixer algorithm, and wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adapt multiple beams and then combine the multiple beams to produce a single audio signal using the automixer algorithm. 34. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, further comprising:
an active noise reduction circuit adapted to remove noise from an output of the adaptive beamforming circuit, and output a noise reduced audio signal; an Ethernet communication device adapted to receive a far end audio signal from a remote location and output the same to one or more speakers and to each of the acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
the Ethernet communication device is further adapted to receive as an input the noise reduced audio signal from the active noise reduction circuit, and output the same to the remote location; and
a power-over-Ethernet device adapted to extract electrical power over Ethernet communications cables and provide the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming array. 35. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 34, further comprising:
one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, and wherein
the beamforming microphone array is adapted to receive as inputs outputs from each of the sensors, and output the sensor outputs through the Ethernet communication device. 36. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to recognize gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 37. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 36, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | 2,600 |
341,625 | 16,801,952 | 2,652 | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema using a purge-free system. The invention provides devices and methods useful for treating edema by means of an indwelling catheter that is placed in a blood vessel of a patient and used to pump blood to cause a decrease in pressure at an outlet of a lymphatic duct. The catheter pumps blood by means of an impeller but is purge-free in that the catheter does not include a system for purging or flushing catheter components with a purge fluid. The purge-free catheter avoids blood-related mechanical complications such as clotting or thrombosis by means of an impermeable sleeve or shroud that protects moving parts of the impeller drive system. | 1. A device comprising:
a catheter comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion; an impeller connected to the distal portion of the catheter; a motor connected to the proximal portion of the catheter; a drive cable extending through the catheter from the motor to the impeller; and an impermeable sleeve extending through the catheter over the drive cable, the sleeve comprising a distal seal at the impeller and a proximal seal at the motor such that a body fluid external to the impermeable sleeve is prevented from entering the impermeable sleeve and contacting the drive cable. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve and at least the distal seal exclude fluid from the drive cable. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the proximal seal includes an O-ring. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a first lumen and a second lumen, both extending through the catheter, wherein the first lumen and the second lumen have respective first and second proximal ends accessible outside of the motor housing. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the first lumen and the second lumen are symmetrically disposed about the drive cable to impart balance to the device. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein when the catheter does not include a purge system or a purge fluid. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the impeller sits in an impeller housing, the device further comprising at least a first expandable member connected to the distal portion of the catheter. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first expandable member is connected to the impeller housing, wherein the device further comprises a second expandable member disposed along the catheter. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first expandable member comprises a toroidal balloon connected directly to a surface of the impeller housing. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one pressure sensor disposed along the catheter proximal to the impeller. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the proximal seal comprises a fitting between the impermeable sleeve and a portion of the impeller, wherein the fitting excludes fluids and allows the impeller and drive cable to rotate within the device. 12. The device of claim 1 wherein the distal portion of the catheter is configured for insertion into a vessel of a patient and the proximal portion of the catheter is configured to extend exterior of the patient. 13. The device of claim 1 wherein the motor is configured to rotate at high speed and the catheter is configured to transmit said rotational speed through the catheter to the impeller. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the catheter is configured to transmit a rotational speed of greater than 5,000 rpms to the impeller. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the catheter is configured for heatless operation while transmitting high rotational speeds to the impeller. 16. The device of claim 15 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises a thick walled PTFE tubing. 17. The device of claim 16 wherein the thick walled PTFE tubing comprises a wall thickness of greater than 75 micrometers. 18. (canceled) 19. The device of claim 1 wherein the drive cable comprises a cylindrical superelastic member over at least a portion of the length of a drive shaft comprising the drive cable. 20. The device of claim 14 wherein the clearance between the drive shaft is less than 0.1 micrometers. 21. The device of claim 1 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises hydrophobic material. 22. The device of claim 1 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises a material with a Hildebrand solubility parameter of less than 16 MPa{circumflex over ( )}(0.5). | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema using a purge-free system. The invention provides devices and methods useful for treating edema by means of an indwelling catheter that is placed in a blood vessel of a patient and used to pump blood to cause a decrease in pressure at an outlet of a lymphatic duct. The catheter pumps blood by means of an impeller but is purge-free in that the catheter does not include a system for purging or flushing catheter components with a purge fluid. The purge-free catheter avoids blood-related mechanical complications such as clotting or thrombosis by means of an impermeable sleeve or shroud that protects moving parts of the impeller drive system.1. A device comprising:
a catheter comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion; an impeller connected to the distal portion of the catheter; a motor connected to the proximal portion of the catheter; a drive cable extending through the catheter from the motor to the impeller; and an impermeable sleeve extending through the catheter over the drive cable, the sleeve comprising a distal seal at the impeller and a proximal seal at the motor such that a body fluid external to the impermeable sleeve is prevented from entering the impermeable sleeve and contacting the drive cable. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the sleeve and at least the distal seal exclude fluid from the drive cable. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the proximal seal includes an O-ring. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a first lumen and a second lumen, both extending through the catheter, wherein the first lumen and the second lumen have respective first and second proximal ends accessible outside of the motor housing. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the first lumen and the second lumen are symmetrically disposed about the drive cable to impart balance to the device. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein when the catheter does not include a purge system or a purge fluid. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the impeller sits in an impeller housing, the device further comprising at least a first expandable member connected to the distal portion of the catheter. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first expandable member is connected to the impeller housing, wherein the device further comprises a second expandable member disposed along the catheter. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first expandable member comprises a toroidal balloon connected directly to a surface of the impeller housing. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one pressure sensor disposed along the catheter proximal to the impeller. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the proximal seal comprises a fitting between the impermeable sleeve and a portion of the impeller, wherein the fitting excludes fluids and allows the impeller and drive cable to rotate within the device. 12. The device of claim 1 wherein the distal portion of the catheter is configured for insertion into a vessel of a patient and the proximal portion of the catheter is configured to extend exterior of the patient. 13. The device of claim 1 wherein the motor is configured to rotate at high speed and the catheter is configured to transmit said rotational speed through the catheter to the impeller. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the catheter is configured to transmit a rotational speed of greater than 5,000 rpms to the impeller. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the catheter is configured for heatless operation while transmitting high rotational speeds to the impeller. 16. The device of claim 15 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises a thick walled PTFE tubing. 17. The device of claim 16 wherein the thick walled PTFE tubing comprises a wall thickness of greater than 75 micrometers. 18. (canceled) 19. The device of claim 1 wherein the drive cable comprises a cylindrical superelastic member over at least a portion of the length of a drive shaft comprising the drive cable. 20. The device of claim 14 wherein the clearance between the drive shaft is less than 0.1 micrometers. 21. The device of claim 1 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises hydrophobic material. 22. The device of claim 1 wherein the impermeable sleeve comprises a material with a Hildebrand solubility parameter of less than 16 MPa{circumflex over ( )}(0.5). | 2,600 |
341,626 | 16,801,956 | 2,652 | The growth factor profile, connective tissue matrix constituents, and immunoprivileged status of urodele extracellular matrix (ECM) and accompanying cutaneous tissue, plus the presence of antimicrobial peptides there, render urodele-derived tissue an ideal source for biological scaffolds for xenotransplantation. In particular, a biological scaffold biomaterial can be obtained by a process that entails (A) obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, where the tissue comprises ECM, inclusive of the basement membrane, and (B) subjecting the tissue sample to a decellularization process that maintains the structural and functional integrity of the extracellular matrix, by virtue of retaining its fibrous and on-fibrous proteins, glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans, while removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity and immunogenicity for xenograft purposes. The resultant urodele-derived biomaterial can be used to enhance restoration of skin homeostasis, to reduce the severity, durations and associated damage caused by post-surgical inflammation, and to promote progression of natural healing and regeneration processes. In addition, the biomaterial promotes the formation of remodeled tissue that is comparable in quality, function, and compliance to undamaged human tissue. | 1. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 2. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment. 3. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein said decellularized ECM is subjected to sterilization. 4. The decellularized ECM of claim 3 further comprising devitalized cells. 5. The decellularized ECM of claim 1 wherein the ECM is derived from Axolotl tissue. 6. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM includes basement membrane. 7. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is infused with, coated with, or attached to an agent xenogenic to a Urodele that is a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a protein, a carbohydrate, a sugar, a steroid, an antimicrobial agent, a synthetic polymer, an adhesive, a drug or a human agent. 8. The decellularized ECM of claim 7, wherein the agent is a cell, optionally a human cell 9. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is in a form selected from the group consisting of a sheet, a powder, a gel, a paste, a sheet, or a mesh, and wherein the ECM is parietal ECM, mesothelial ECM, thoracic cavity ECM, abdominal cavity ECM, pericardium ECM or dermal tissue ECM. 10. The decellularized ECM according to claim 1 contained within a package. 11. A tissue culture system comprising (a) a decellularized ECM according to claim 1, (b) tissue culture medium, and (c) cells xenogenic to a Urodele. 12. The tissue culture system of claim 11, wherein the cells are human cells. 13. A method for making a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) according to claim 1 derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and
b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises performing the decellularization in a manner to retain structural and functional integrity of the decellularized ECM sufficient to permit the decellularized ECM to be useful as a matrix upon and within which cells can grow. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising homogenizing the decellularized ECM to form a powder, and, optionally reconstituting the powder as a gel. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising sterilizing the decellularized ECM. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising attaching the decellularized ECM to an agent xenogenic to a Urodele. 18. The ECM according to claim 9, wherein the powder has a particle size between 125 and 850 microns. 19. The ECM according to claim 9, wherein the powder has a particle size of less than 250 microns. 20. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a paste. 21. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a gel. 22. The ECM of claim 21, wherein the gel comprises a synthetic polymer. 23. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a mesh. 24. The ECM according to claim 1 comprising sterile, isolated, decellularized Urodele extra cellular matrix (ECM), wherein the ECM is a sheet, wherein the ECM is parietal ECM, mesothelial ECM, thoracic cavity ECM, abdominal cavity ECM, pericardium ECM or dermal tissue ECM, and the sheet of ECM is infused with, coated with, or attached to an agent xenogeneic to a Urodele that is a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a protein, a carbohydrate, a sugar, a steroid, an antimicrobial agent, a synthetic polymer, an adhesive, or a drug. 25. The ECM of claim 24, wherein the agent is an anti-microbial agent. 26. The ECM of claim 24, wherein the agent is a growth factor. 27. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the sheet is at least two sheets of isolated Urodele decellularized ECM laminated to one another. 28. A method for making the ECM of claim 1, comprising extracellular matrix components derived from a Urodele, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized extracellular matrix by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment, and wherein said process further optionally comprises subjecting said sample to sterilization, and wherein the Urodele is an Axolotl. 30. A method for making the ECM of claim 29, comprising sterile, isolated, decellularized Urodele Extracellular Matrix (ECM) or a sterile Urodele fraction derived from the isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; b. decellularizing and sterilizing said tissue sample, to produce the sterile decellularized extracellular matrix, by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial, making it suitable for use as a xenograft; and sterilizing said tissue. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the ECM is a biocompatible sheet, mesh, gel, graft, tissue, device, or is a material coated with, impregnated with, encapsulated with or that is encapsulated by, or having attached thereto the isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM. 32. The method according to claim 30, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment, wherein said process further comprises subjecting said sample to sterilization, wherein the Urodele is an Axolotl. 33. A method for making the material coated with, impregnated with, encapsulating, or having attached thereto isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM of claim 1, wherein said isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM is produced by a process comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized extracellular matrix by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft; and sterilizing said tissue. 34. A biomaterial comprising decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 35. A method of making a biomaterial comprising decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. | The growth factor profile, connective tissue matrix constituents, and immunoprivileged status of urodele extracellular matrix (ECM) and accompanying cutaneous tissue, plus the presence of antimicrobial peptides there, render urodele-derived tissue an ideal source for biological scaffolds for xenotransplantation. In particular, a biological scaffold biomaterial can be obtained by a process that entails (A) obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, where the tissue comprises ECM, inclusive of the basement membrane, and (B) subjecting the tissue sample to a decellularization process that maintains the structural and functional integrity of the extracellular matrix, by virtue of retaining its fibrous and on-fibrous proteins, glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans, while removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity and immunogenicity for xenograft purposes. The resultant urodele-derived biomaterial can be used to enhance restoration of skin homeostasis, to reduce the severity, durations and associated damage caused by post-surgical inflammation, and to promote progression of natural healing and regeneration processes. In addition, the biomaterial promotes the formation of remodeled tissue that is comparable in quality, function, and compliance to undamaged human tissue.1. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 2. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment. 3. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein said decellularized ECM is subjected to sterilization. 4. The decellularized ECM of claim 3 further comprising devitalized cells. 5. The decellularized ECM of claim 1 wherein the ECM is derived from Axolotl tissue. 6. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM includes basement membrane. 7. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is infused with, coated with, or attached to an agent xenogenic to a Urodele that is a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a protein, a carbohydrate, a sugar, a steroid, an antimicrobial agent, a synthetic polymer, an adhesive, a drug or a human agent. 8. The decellularized ECM of claim 7, wherein the agent is a cell, optionally a human cell 9. The decellularized ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is in a form selected from the group consisting of a sheet, a powder, a gel, a paste, a sheet, or a mesh, and wherein the ECM is parietal ECM, mesothelial ECM, thoracic cavity ECM, abdominal cavity ECM, pericardium ECM or dermal tissue ECM. 10. The decellularized ECM according to claim 1 contained within a package. 11. A tissue culture system comprising (a) a decellularized ECM according to claim 1, (b) tissue culture medium, and (c) cells xenogenic to a Urodele. 12. The tissue culture system of claim 11, wherein the cells are human cells. 13. A method for making a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) according to claim 1 derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and
b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises performing the decellularization in a manner to retain structural and functional integrity of the decellularized ECM sufficient to permit the decellularized ECM to be useful as a matrix upon and within which cells can grow. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising homogenizing the decellularized ECM to form a powder, and, optionally reconstituting the powder as a gel. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising sterilizing the decellularized ECM. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising attaching the decellularized ECM to an agent xenogenic to a Urodele. 18. The ECM according to claim 9, wherein the powder has a particle size between 125 and 850 microns. 19. The ECM according to claim 9, wherein the powder has a particle size of less than 250 microns. 20. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a paste. 21. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a gel. 22. The ECM of claim 21, wherein the gel comprises a synthetic polymer. 23. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the ECM is a mesh. 24. The ECM according to claim 1 comprising sterile, isolated, decellularized Urodele extra cellular matrix (ECM), wherein the ECM is a sheet, wherein the ECM is parietal ECM, mesothelial ECM, thoracic cavity ECM, abdominal cavity ECM, pericardium ECM or dermal tissue ECM, and the sheet of ECM is infused with, coated with, or attached to an agent xenogeneic to a Urodele that is a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a protein, a carbohydrate, a sugar, a steroid, an antimicrobial agent, a synthetic polymer, an adhesive, or a drug. 25. The ECM of claim 24, wherein the agent is an anti-microbial agent. 26. The ECM of claim 24, wherein the agent is a growth factor. 27. The ECM of claim 1, wherein the sheet is at least two sheets of isolated Urodele decellularized ECM laminated to one another. 28. A method for making the ECM of claim 1, comprising extracellular matrix components derived from a Urodele, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized extracellular matrix by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment, and wherein said process further optionally comprises subjecting said sample to sterilization, and wherein the Urodele is an Axolotl. 30. A method for making the ECM of claim 29, comprising sterile, isolated, decellularized Urodele Extracellular Matrix (ECM) or a sterile Urodele fraction derived from the isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; b. decellularizing and sterilizing said tissue sample, to produce the sterile decellularized extracellular matrix, by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial, making it suitable for use as a xenograft; and sterilizing said tissue. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the ECM is a biocompatible sheet, mesh, gel, graft, tissue, device, or is a material coated with, impregnated with, encapsulated with or that is encapsulated by, or having attached thereto the isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM. 32. The method according to claim 30, wherein said decellularizing comprises subjecting said tissue sample to an alkaline treatment, wherein said process further comprises subjecting said sample to sterilization, wherein the Urodele is an Axolotl. 33. A method for making the material coated with, impregnated with, encapsulating, or having attached thereto isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM of claim 1, wherein said isolated, decellularized Urodele ECM is produced by a process comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises extracellular matrix; b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized extracellular matrix by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft; and sterilizing said tissue. 34. A biomaterial comprising decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM derived by:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. 35. A method of making a biomaterial comprising decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a Urodele said decellularized ECM said method comprising:
a. obtaining a tissue sample from a urodele, which tissue sample comprises ECM; and b. decellularizing said tissue sample to produce decellularized ECM by removing sufficient cellular components of the sample to reduce or eliminate antigenicity of the biomaterial making it suitable for use as a xenograft. | 2,600 |
341,627 | 16,801,937 | 2,652 | A drive circuit of an electro-optical panel (10) is provided with a driving signal generation unit (240) that output a plurality of driving signals to the electro-optical panel (10), a control circuit (400) that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel (10), a processing circuit (210) configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit (240) based on the display image data, and an error detection circuit (410) configured to detect an error in the input data. | 1. A drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a control circuit that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel; and a processing circuit configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit based on the display image data, wherein the processing circuit includes a data transfer portion configured to transfer the input data to the control circuit, and the control circuit includes an error detection circuit configured to detect an error in the input data. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the driving signal includes a first driving signal and a second driving signal, the electro-optical panel includes a first data line and a second data line, the processing circuit includes an input data storage that stores the display image data including first image data and second image data, and outputs the input data including the stored first image data and second image data, the driving signal generation unit outputs the first driving signal to the first data line based on the first image data in the input data, and outputs the second driving signal to the second data line based on the second image data in the input data, and the data transfer portion performs a parallel input operation for taking in the input data from the input data storage at the same time, and a serial output operation for sequentially outputting the taken-in input data including the first image data and the second image data to the control circuit. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the input data storage sequentially stores the display image data including the first image data and the second image data in synchronization with a first clock, and outputs the stored display image data including the first image data and the second image data as the input data in synchronization with a second clock, and the data transfer portion performs the serial output operation in synchronization with a third clock in a period in which the input data storage stores the display image data including the first image data and the second image data. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the error detection circuit includes: a first error detection data storage that stores first error detection data generated from the display image data that the control circuit outputs to the processing circuit; a first error detection computation portion configured to generate second error detection data generated from the input data transferred from the data transfer portion; and a first collator configured to collate the first error detection data with the second error detection data. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 4, wherein the first error detection computation portion is configured to generate the first error detection data from the display image data. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 4,
wherein the error detection circuit includes an acceptor that accepts input image data to which the first error detection data is added; and is configured to generate the display image data from the input image data. 7. A drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a control circuit that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel; and a processing circuit configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit based on the display image data, wherein the processing circuit includes an error detection circuit configured to detect an error in the input data. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein the control circuit outputs the display image data and third error detection data generated from the display image data to the processing circuit. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8,
wherein the error detection circuit includes: a second error detection computation portion configured to generate fourth error detection data from the input data; and a second collator configured to collate the fourth error detection data with the third error detection data. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit outputs the third error detection data to the processing circuit in a vertical blanking period. 11. A data line drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; an input data storage that receives display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel, and outputs the received data to the driving signal generation unit as input data; and a data transfer portion configured to transfer the input data to the outside. 12. A data line drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a second acceptor that receives display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel and fifth error detection data generated from the display image data; an input data storage that outputs the display image data to the driving signal generation unit as input data; a third error detection computation portion configured to generate sixth error detection data from the input data; and a third collator configured to collate the fifth error detection data with the sixth error detection data. 13. An electro-optical device comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 14. An electro-optical device comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. 15. An electronic apparatus comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 16. An electronic apparatus comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. 17. A mobile body comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 18. A mobile body comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. | A drive circuit of an electro-optical panel (10) is provided with a driving signal generation unit (240) that output a plurality of driving signals to the electro-optical panel (10), a control circuit (400) that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel (10), a processing circuit (210) configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit (240) based on the display image data, and an error detection circuit (410) configured to detect an error in the input data.1. A drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a control circuit that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel; and a processing circuit configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit based on the display image data, wherein the processing circuit includes a data transfer portion configured to transfer the input data to the control circuit, and the control circuit includes an error detection circuit configured to detect an error in the input data. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the driving signal includes a first driving signal and a second driving signal, the electro-optical panel includes a first data line and a second data line, the processing circuit includes an input data storage that stores the display image data including first image data and second image data, and outputs the input data including the stored first image data and second image data, the driving signal generation unit outputs the first driving signal to the first data line based on the first image data in the input data, and outputs the second driving signal to the second data line based on the second image data in the input data, and the data transfer portion performs a parallel input operation for taking in the input data from the input data storage at the same time, and a serial output operation for sequentially outputting the taken-in input data including the first image data and the second image data to the control circuit. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the input data storage sequentially stores the display image data including the first image data and the second image data in synchronization with a first clock, and outputs the stored display image data including the first image data and the second image data as the input data in synchronization with a second clock, and the data transfer portion performs the serial output operation in synchronization with a third clock in a period in which the input data storage stores the display image data including the first image data and the second image data. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the error detection circuit includes: a first error detection data storage that stores first error detection data generated from the display image data that the control circuit outputs to the processing circuit; a first error detection computation portion configured to generate second error detection data generated from the input data transferred from the data transfer portion; and a first collator configured to collate the first error detection data with the second error detection data. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 4, wherein the first error detection computation portion is configured to generate the first error detection data from the display image data. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 4,
wherein the error detection circuit includes an acceptor that accepts input image data to which the first error detection data is added; and is configured to generate the display image data from the input image data. 7. A drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a control circuit that outputs display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel; and a processing circuit configured to generate input data to the driving signal generation unit based on the display image data, wherein the processing circuit includes an error detection circuit configured to detect an error in the input data. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein the control circuit outputs the display image data and third error detection data generated from the display image data to the processing circuit. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8,
wherein the error detection circuit includes: a second error detection computation portion configured to generate fourth error detection data from the input data; and a second collator configured to collate the fourth error detection data with the third error detection data. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein the control circuit outputs the third error detection data to the processing circuit in a vertical blanking period. 11. A data line drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; an input data storage that receives display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel, and outputs the received data to the driving signal generation unit as input data; and a data transfer portion configured to transfer the input data to the outside. 12. A data line drive circuit comprising:
a driving signal generation unit that outputs a driving signal to an electro-optical panel; a second acceptor that receives display image data indicating an image to be displayed in the electro-optical panel and fifth error detection data generated from the display image data; an input data storage that outputs the display image data to the driving signal generation unit as input data; a third error detection computation portion configured to generate sixth error detection data from the input data; and a third collator configured to collate the fifth error detection data with the sixth error detection data. 13. An electro-optical device comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 14. An electro-optical device comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. 15. An electronic apparatus comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 16. An electronic apparatus comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. 17. A mobile body comprising the drive circuit according to claim 1. 18. A mobile body comprising the data line drive circuit according to claim 11. | 2,600 |
341,628 | 16,801,932 | 2,652 | A package or container is disclosed that includes an opening device in conjunction with a self-sealing valve for facilitating opening of the package and for dispensing fluids in a controlled manner. In one embodiment, the opening device can comprise a breachable bubble. The breachable bubble can be in communication with a fluid channel that operates in conjunction with the self-sealing valve. The package can include a folded portion for sealing the fluid channel and allowing the bubble to be breached when a user applies pressure. Once the bubble is breached, the folded portion can be unfolded for dispensing a fluid. | 1. A package comprising:
a flexible container defining an interior volume for receiving a liquid; a fluid outlet in communication with a fluid channel, the fluid channel including a first end and an opposite second end, the fluid channel being connected to the fluid outlet at the first end and being connected to the interior volume of the flexible container at the second end; a self-sealing valve positioned at the second end of the fluid channel; a folded portion of the flexible container located along the perimeter of the flexible container, the folded portion laying against an exterior surface of the flexible container, wherein the folded portion intersects with the fluid channel and blocks fluid flow through the channel; and a breachable bubble located on the folded portion and extending in a direction opposite the exterior surface of the flexible container, the breachable bubble surrounding the fluid outlet such that fluids flowing through the fluid outlet are prevented from exiting the flexible container, wherein, when the bubble is breached, fluid communication is established between the fluid outlet and the ambient, and wherein, unfolding the folded portion after the bubble is breached allows fluid to be dispensed from the interior volume through the self-sealing valve and fluid channel when pressure is applied to the flexible container. 2. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the self-sealing valve comprises at least one barrier member formed by attaching together opposing container walls, the at least one barrier member being located opposite the second end of the fluid channel in a manner that forms at least one valve-like passageway between the second end of the fluid channel and the interior volume of the container. 3. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the at least one barrier member is positioned and has a shape that forms folds in the flexible container that cause the flexible container walls to prevent liquid flow through the valve-like passageway absent external pressure. 4. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the at least one barrier member is traverse to the second end of the fluid channel and has a length that extends beyond a width of the fluid channel at each end. 5. A package as defined in claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member forms two valve-like passageways on opposite sides of the second end of the fluid channel. 6. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the package includes two barrier members spaced apart opposite the second end of the fluid channel, the two barrier members forming a valve-like passageway therebetween that connects the fluid channel to the interior volume of the container. 7. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble has a reclosable attachment such that the bubble can be reclosed after being breached. 8. A package as defined in claim 7, wherein the reclosable attachment comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 9. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container only includes a single breachable bubble. 10. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the folded portion of the flexible container comprises a folded corner of the flexible container. 11. A package as defined in claim 10, wherein the flexible container defines a top edge and wherein the folded corner forms an obtuse angle with the top edge. 12. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble only extends in one direction from the flexible container, the direction being opposite of the surface of the folded portion laying against the exterior surface of the flexible container. 13. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid outlet of the fluid channel resides within the breachable bubble and is in fluid communication with the breachable bubble. 14. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble includes a bubble seal, the bubble seal being formed around the first end of the fluid channel. 15. A package as defined in claim 14, wherein the folded portion defines a fold line and wherein the fold line prevents fluid in the bubble from emptying the bubble through the fluid channel. 16. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble includes a bubble seal, the bubble seal including a breaching point comprising a weakened portion of the seal and wherein the breachable bubble breaches along the breaching point when sufficient pressure is applied to the bubble, the breaching point being located along the bubble seal opposite a fold line of the folded portion. 17. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the folded portion includes a folded position and an unfolded position and when the folded portion is in the folded position the breachable bubble is sealed from the interior volume of the flexible container and when in the unfolded position is in fluid communication with the interior volume. 18. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container includes a flowable product within the interior volume. 19. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container is comprised of a flexible polymer film. 20. A method for opening a package comprising:
applying pressure to the breachable bubble of the package defined in claim 1 causing the breachable bubble to breach and thereby exposing the fluid outlet to the ambient; unfolding the folded portion; and applying pressure to the flexible container in order to cause a flowable product contained within the interior volume to exit the flexible container through the self-sealing valve and the fluid outlet. | A package or container is disclosed that includes an opening device in conjunction with a self-sealing valve for facilitating opening of the package and for dispensing fluids in a controlled manner. In one embodiment, the opening device can comprise a breachable bubble. The breachable bubble can be in communication with a fluid channel that operates in conjunction with the self-sealing valve. The package can include a folded portion for sealing the fluid channel and allowing the bubble to be breached when a user applies pressure. Once the bubble is breached, the folded portion can be unfolded for dispensing a fluid.1. A package comprising:
a flexible container defining an interior volume for receiving a liquid; a fluid outlet in communication with a fluid channel, the fluid channel including a first end and an opposite second end, the fluid channel being connected to the fluid outlet at the first end and being connected to the interior volume of the flexible container at the second end; a self-sealing valve positioned at the second end of the fluid channel; a folded portion of the flexible container located along the perimeter of the flexible container, the folded portion laying against an exterior surface of the flexible container, wherein the folded portion intersects with the fluid channel and blocks fluid flow through the channel; and a breachable bubble located on the folded portion and extending in a direction opposite the exterior surface of the flexible container, the breachable bubble surrounding the fluid outlet such that fluids flowing through the fluid outlet are prevented from exiting the flexible container, wherein, when the bubble is breached, fluid communication is established between the fluid outlet and the ambient, and wherein, unfolding the folded portion after the bubble is breached allows fluid to be dispensed from the interior volume through the self-sealing valve and fluid channel when pressure is applied to the flexible container. 2. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the self-sealing valve comprises at least one barrier member formed by attaching together opposing container walls, the at least one barrier member being located opposite the second end of the fluid channel in a manner that forms at least one valve-like passageway between the second end of the fluid channel and the interior volume of the container. 3. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the at least one barrier member is positioned and has a shape that forms folds in the flexible container that cause the flexible container walls to prevent liquid flow through the valve-like passageway absent external pressure. 4. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the at least one barrier member is traverse to the second end of the fluid channel and has a length that extends beyond a width of the fluid channel at each end. 5. A package as defined in claim 4, wherein the at least one barrier member forms two valve-like passageways on opposite sides of the second end of the fluid channel. 6. A package as defined in claim 2, wherein the package includes two barrier members spaced apart opposite the second end of the fluid channel, the two barrier members forming a valve-like passageway therebetween that connects the fluid channel to the interior volume of the container. 7. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble has a reclosable attachment such that the bubble can be reclosed after being breached. 8. A package as defined in claim 7, wherein the reclosable attachment comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 9. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container only includes a single breachable bubble. 10. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the folded portion of the flexible container comprises a folded corner of the flexible container. 11. A package as defined in claim 10, wherein the flexible container defines a top edge and wherein the folded corner forms an obtuse angle with the top edge. 12. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble only extends in one direction from the flexible container, the direction being opposite of the surface of the folded portion laying against the exterior surface of the flexible container. 13. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the fluid outlet of the fluid channel resides within the breachable bubble and is in fluid communication with the breachable bubble. 14. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble includes a bubble seal, the bubble seal being formed around the first end of the fluid channel. 15. A package as defined in claim 14, wherein the folded portion defines a fold line and wherein the fold line prevents fluid in the bubble from emptying the bubble through the fluid channel. 16. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the breachable bubble includes a bubble seal, the bubble seal including a breaching point comprising a weakened portion of the seal and wherein the breachable bubble breaches along the breaching point when sufficient pressure is applied to the bubble, the breaching point being located along the bubble seal opposite a fold line of the folded portion. 17. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the folded portion includes a folded position and an unfolded position and when the folded portion is in the folded position the breachable bubble is sealed from the interior volume of the flexible container and when in the unfolded position is in fluid communication with the interior volume. 18. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container includes a flowable product within the interior volume. 19. A package as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible container is comprised of a flexible polymer film. 20. A method for opening a package comprising:
applying pressure to the breachable bubble of the package defined in claim 1 causing the breachable bubble to breach and thereby exposing the fluid outlet to the ambient; unfolding the folded portion; and applying pressure to the flexible container in order to cause a flowable product contained within the interior volume to exit the flexible container through the self-sealing valve and the fluid outlet. | 2,600 |
341,629 | 16,801,933 | 2,652 | A computing system can be configured to input data that describes sensor data into an object detection model and receive, as an output of the object detection model, object detection data describing features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle. The computing system can generate an input sequence that describes the object detection data. The computing system can analyze the input sequence using an interaction model to produce, as an output of the interaction model, an attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors. The computing system can be configured to input the attention embedding into a recurrent model and determine respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of the recurrent model. | 1. A computing system, comprising:
an object detection model configured to receive an input representation that describes sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; an interaction model configured to receive an input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate an attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; a recurrent model configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; a memory that stores a set of instructions; one or more processors which use the set of instructions to:
input the input representation that describes the sensor data into the object detection model;
receive, as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle;
generate an input sequence that describes the object detection data;
analyze the input sequence using an interaction model to produce, as an output of the interaction model, the attention embedding;
input the attention embedding into the recurrent model; and
determine respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of the recurrent model. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the interaction model comprises an attention model and a context aggregation model, and wherein:
the attention model is configured to receive the input sequence describing the object detection data and, in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate attentional weights; the context aggregation model is configured to receive the attentional weights and the input sequence, and in response to receipt of the attentional weights and the input sequence, generate the attention embedding. 3. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the interaction model is configured to generate the input sequence by projecting one or more features of the object detection data to a query and a pair of keys and values. 4. The computing system of claim 2, wherein:
the interaction model is further configured to generate a relative location embedding based on the object detection data in response to receipt of the object detection data, and wherein the relative location embedding describes relative respective locations of the plurality of actors with respect to the autonomous vehicle; and the interaction model is further configured to generate, based at least in part on the relative location embedding, the data describing the object detection data that is received by the attention model. 5. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the context aggregation model is configured to apply the attentional weights with respect to the object detection data to generate the attention embedding. 6. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one residual block. 7. The computing system of claim 6, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one multi-layer perceptron. 8. The computing system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors further use the set of instructions to:
input the attention embedding into the at least one multi-layer perceptron of the recurrent model; receive an output from the at least one multi-layer perceptron; and combine the output from the least one multi-layer perceptron with the data that describes the object detection data. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors further use the set of instructions to generate the input representation that describes the sensor data by:
voxelizing the sensor data to generate voxel representations; and augmenting the voxel representations with map data to generate the input representations. 10. A computer-implement method for forecasting actor motion, the method comprising:
inputting, by a computing system comprising one or more computing devices, an input representation that describes sensor data into an object detection model that is configured to receive the input representation that describes the sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; receiving, by the computing system and as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle; generating, by the computing system, an input sequence that describes the object detection data; analyzing, by the computing system, the input sequence using an interaction model to produce an attention embedding, the interaction model configured to receive the input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate the attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into a recurrent model that is configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; and determining, by the computing system, respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of a recurrent model, the recurrent model being configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the interaction model comprises an attention model and a context aggregation model, and wherein:
the attention model is configured to receive data describing the object detection data and, in response to receipt of the data describing the object detection data, generate attentional weights; the context aggregation model is configured to receive the attentional weights and the data describing the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the attentional weights and the data describing the object detection data, generate the attention embedding. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the interaction model is further configured to generate a relative location embedding based on the object detection data in response to receipt of the object detection data, and wherein the relative location embedding describes relative respective locations of the plurality of actors with respect to the autonomous vehicle; and the interaction model is further configured to generate, based on the relative location embedding, the data describing the object detection data that is received by the attention model. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the context aggregation model is configured to apply the attentional weights with respect to the object detection data to generate the attention embedding. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one residual block. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one multi-layer perceptron. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into the at least one multi-layer perceptron of the recurrent model; receiving, by the computing system, an output from the at least one multi-layer perceptron; and combining, by the computing system, the output from the least one multi-layer perceptron with the data that describes the object detection data. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises generating, by the computing system, the input sequence 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the computing system, the input representation that describes the sensor data by voxelizing the sensor data to generate voxel representation and augmenting the voxel representations with map data to generate the input representations. 19. A computer-implement method for training one or more machine-learned systems, the method comprising:
inputting, by a computing system comprising one or more computing devices, an input representation that describes sensor data into an object detection model that is configured to receive the input representation that describes the sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; receiving, by the computing system and as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle; generating, by the computing system, an input sequence that describes the object detection data; analyzing, by the computing system, the input sequence using an interaction model to produce an attention embedding, the interaction model configured to receive the input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate the attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into a recurrent model that is configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; determining, by the computing system, respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of a recurrent model, the recurrent model being configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors; and updating, by the computing system, one or more parameters of at least one of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein updating, by the computing system, one or more parameters of the at least one of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model comprises training, in an end-to-end configuration, at least two of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model. | A computing system can be configured to input data that describes sensor data into an object detection model and receive, as an output of the object detection model, object detection data describing features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle. The computing system can generate an input sequence that describes the object detection data. The computing system can analyze the input sequence using an interaction model to produce, as an output of the interaction model, an attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors. The computing system can be configured to input the attention embedding into a recurrent model and determine respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of the recurrent model.1. A computing system, comprising:
an object detection model configured to receive an input representation that describes sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; an interaction model configured to receive an input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate an attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; a recurrent model configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; a memory that stores a set of instructions; one or more processors which use the set of instructions to:
input the input representation that describes the sensor data into the object detection model;
receive, as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle;
generate an input sequence that describes the object detection data;
analyze the input sequence using an interaction model to produce, as an output of the interaction model, the attention embedding;
input the attention embedding into the recurrent model; and
determine respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of the recurrent model. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the interaction model comprises an attention model and a context aggregation model, and wherein:
the attention model is configured to receive the input sequence describing the object detection data and, in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate attentional weights; the context aggregation model is configured to receive the attentional weights and the input sequence, and in response to receipt of the attentional weights and the input sequence, generate the attention embedding. 3. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the interaction model is configured to generate the input sequence by projecting one or more features of the object detection data to a query and a pair of keys and values. 4. The computing system of claim 2, wherein:
the interaction model is further configured to generate a relative location embedding based on the object detection data in response to receipt of the object detection data, and wherein the relative location embedding describes relative respective locations of the plurality of actors with respect to the autonomous vehicle; and the interaction model is further configured to generate, based at least in part on the relative location embedding, the data describing the object detection data that is received by the attention model. 5. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the context aggregation model is configured to apply the attentional weights with respect to the object detection data to generate the attention embedding. 6. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one residual block. 7. The computing system of claim 6, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one multi-layer perceptron. 8. The computing system of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors further use the set of instructions to:
input the attention embedding into the at least one multi-layer perceptron of the recurrent model; receive an output from the at least one multi-layer perceptron; and combine the output from the least one multi-layer perceptron with the data that describes the object detection data. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors further use the set of instructions to generate the input representation that describes the sensor data by:
voxelizing the sensor data to generate voxel representations; and augmenting the voxel representations with map data to generate the input representations. 10. A computer-implement method for forecasting actor motion, the method comprising:
inputting, by a computing system comprising one or more computing devices, an input representation that describes sensor data into an object detection model that is configured to receive the input representation that describes the sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; receiving, by the computing system and as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle; generating, by the computing system, an input sequence that describes the object detection data; analyzing, by the computing system, the input sequence using an interaction model to produce an attention embedding, the interaction model configured to receive the input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate the attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into a recurrent model that is configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; and determining, by the computing system, respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of a recurrent model, the recurrent model being configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the interaction model comprises an attention model and a context aggregation model, and wherein:
the attention model is configured to receive data describing the object detection data and, in response to receipt of the data describing the object detection data, generate attentional weights; the context aggregation model is configured to receive the attentional weights and the data describing the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the attentional weights and the data describing the object detection data, generate the attention embedding. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein:
the interaction model is further configured to generate a relative location embedding based on the object detection data in response to receipt of the object detection data, and wherein the relative location embedding describes relative respective locations of the plurality of actors with respect to the autonomous vehicle; and the interaction model is further configured to generate, based on the relative location embedding, the data describing the object detection data that is received by the attention model. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the context aggregation model is configured to apply the attentional weights with respect to the object detection data to generate the attention embedding. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one residual block. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the recurrent model comprises at least one multi-layer perceptron. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising:
inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into the at least one multi-layer perceptron of the recurrent model; receiving, by the computing system, an output from the at least one multi-layer perceptron; and combining, by the computing system, the output from the least one multi-layer perceptron with the data that describes the object detection data. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises generating, by the computing system, the input sequence 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the computing system, the input representation that describes the sensor data by voxelizing the sensor data to generate voxel representation and augmenting the voxel representations with map data to generate the input representations. 19. A computer-implement method for training one or more machine-learned systems, the method comprising:
inputting, by a computing system comprising one or more computing devices, an input representation that describes sensor data into an object detection model that is configured to receive the input representation that describes the sensor data, and in response to receipt of the input representation that describes the sensor data, output object detection data describing features of a plurality of actors relative to an autonomous vehicle; receiving, by the computing system and as an output of the object detection model, the object detection data describing the features of the plurality of the actors relative to the autonomous vehicle; generating, by the computing system, an input sequence that describes the object detection data; analyzing, by the computing system, the input sequence using an interaction model to produce an attention embedding, the interaction model configured to receive the input sequence that describes the object detection data, and in response to receipt of the input sequence, generate the attention embedding with respect to the plurality of actors; inputting, by the computing system, the attention embedding into a recurrent model that is configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors, the motion forecast data describing respective trajectories for the plurality of actors; determining, by the computing system, respective trajectories for the plurality of actors based on motion forecast data received as an output of a recurrent model, the recurrent model being configured to receive the attention embedding, and in response to receipt of the attention embedding, generate motion forecast data with respect to the plurality of actors; and updating, by the computing system, one or more parameters of at least one of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein updating, by the computing system, one or more parameters of the at least one of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model comprises training, in an end-to-end configuration, at least two of the object detection model, the interaction model, or the recurrent model. | 2,600 |
341,630 | 16,801,944 | 2,652 | A wireless access point device is full-duplex capable and serves wireless communication for at least first and second wireless client devices. The wireless access point device sends to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point after a first time interval. The wireless access point device waits a second time interval after the first wireless client is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission. The wireless access point device receives the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. After the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, the wireless access point device sends to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. | 1. A method comprising:
at a wireless access point device that is full-duplex capable and that serves wireless communication for at least a first wireless client device and a second wireless client device: sending to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after a first time interval; waiting a second time interval after the first wireless client device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission; receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether to wait the second time interval before sending the downlink transmission based on a duration of the uplink transmission to be sent by the first wireless client device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a power level to use for the downlink transmission based on a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device as well as a separation between the second wireless client device and the wireless access point device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation is based on whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device send uplink transmissions at the same time to the wireless access point device indicating that the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device do not defer to each other based on a clear channel access determination, which in turn indicates that the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device have at least a minimum separation from each other. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes:
sending a Request-to-Send frame to the second wireless client device while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; determining whether the second wireless client device transmits a Clear-to-Send frame in response to the Request-to-Send frame; and if the Clear-to-Send frame is received from the second wireless client device, declaring that transmissions from the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are not interfering with each other. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes employing one or more location-based techniques based on transmissions made by the first wireless client device and by the second wireless client device. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes obtaining from the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device, reports indicating measurements of strength of reception of transmissions from each other. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, sending to the first wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the cascaded sequence further includes:
receiving from the first wireless client device an uplink transmission sent in response to the trigger frame included in the downlink transmission sent by the wireless access point device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the downlink transmission sent to the first wireless client device further includes an acknowledgement indicating reception by the wireless access point device of the uplink transmission sent by the first wireless client device and the downlink transmission sent to the second wireless client device further includes an acknowledgment indicating reception by the wireless access point device of the uplink transmission sent by the second wireless client device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
sending the trigger frame comprises sending a multi-user trigger frame to a first cluster of wireless client devices to cause multiple wireless client devices in the first cluster to send a multi-user uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving comprises receiving the multi-user uplink transmission from the multiple wireless client devices in the first cluster; and sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a multi-user downlink transmission to multiple clients in a second cluster of wireless client devices. 13. An apparatus comprising:
one or more wireless transceivers; one or more modems coupled to the wireless transceivers; a controller configured to cause the apparatus to perform operations including:
sending to a first wireless device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after a first time interval;
waiting a second time interval after the first wireless device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission;
receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device; and
after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, sending to a second wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless device. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether to wait the second time interval before sending the downlink transmission based on a duration of the uplink transmission to be sent by the first wireless device. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to perform operations including:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless device and the second wireless device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to perform a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless device, sending to the first wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to perform the cascaded sequence by:
receiving from the first wireless device an uplink transmission sent in response to the trigger frame included in the downlink transmission sent by the apparatus; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, sending to the second wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, wherein the downlink transmission to the second wireless device includes a trigger frame that causes the second wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval. 18. One or more non-transitory computer readable storage media encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations on behalf of a wireless access point device that is full-duplex capable and that serves wireless communication for at least a first wireless client device and a second wireless client device, the operations including:
sending to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after a first time interval; waiting a second time interval after the first wireless client device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission; receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, further comprising instructions for performing operations including:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, further comprising instructions for performing operations for a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, sending to the first wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. | A wireless access point device is full-duplex capable and serves wireless communication for at least first and second wireless client devices. The wireless access point device sends to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point after a first time interval. The wireless access point device waits a second time interval after the first wireless client is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission. The wireless access point device receives the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. After the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, the wireless access point device sends to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device.1. A method comprising:
at a wireless access point device that is full-duplex capable and that serves wireless communication for at least a first wireless client device and a second wireless client device: sending to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after a first time interval; waiting a second time interval after the first wireless client device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission; receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether to wait the second time interval before sending the downlink transmission based on a duration of the uplink transmission to be sent by the first wireless client device. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a power level to use for the downlink transmission based on a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device as well as a separation between the second wireless client device and the wireless access point device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation is based on whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device send uplink transmissions at the same time to the wireless access point device indicating that the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device do not defer to each other based on a clear channel access determination, which in turn indicates that the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device have at least a minimum separation from each other. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes:
sending a Request-to-Send frame to the second wireless client device while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; determining whether the second wireless client device transmits a Clear-to-Send frame in response to the Request-to-Send frame; and if the Clear-to-Send frame is received from the second wireless client device, declaring that transmissions from the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are not interfering with each other. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes employing one or more location-based techniques based on transmissions made by the first wireless client device and by the second wireless client device. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the measure of separation includes obtaining from the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device, reports indicating measurements of strength of reception of transmissions from each other. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, sending to the first wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein performing the cascaded sequence further includes:
receiving from the first wireless client device an uplink transmission sent in response to the trigger frame included in the downlink transmission sent by the wireless access point device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the downlink transmission sent to the first wireless client device further includes an acknowledgement indicating reception by the wireless access point device of the uplink transmission sent by the first wireless client device and the downlink transmission sent to the second wireless client device further includes an acknowledgment indicating reception by the wireless access point device of the uplink transmission sent by the second wireless client device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein:
sending the trigger frame comprises sending a multi-user trigger frame to a first cluster of wireless client devices to cause multiple wireless client devices in the first cluster to send a multi-user uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving comprises receiving the multi-user uplink transmission from the multiple wireless client devices in the first cluster; and sending the downlink transmission comprises sending a multi-user downlink transmission to multiple clients in a second cluster of wireless client devices. 13. An apparatus comprising:
one or more wireless transceivers; one or more modems coupled to the wireless transceivers; a controller configured to cause the apparatus to perform operations including:
sending to a first wireless device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after a first time interval;
waiting a second time interval after the first wireless device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission;
receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device; and
after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, sending to a second wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless device. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to determine whether to wait the second time interval before sending the downlink transmission based on a duration of the uplink transmission to be sent by the first wireless device. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is further configured to perform operations including:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless device and the second wireless device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to perform a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless device, sending to the first wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to perform the cascaded sequence by:
receiving from the first wireless device an uplink transmission sent in response to the trigger frame included in the downlink transmission sent by the apparatus; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, sending to the second wireless device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless device, wherein the downlink transmission to the second wireless device includes a trigger frame that causes the second wireless device to send an uplink transmission to the apparatus after the first time interval. 18. One or more non-transitory computer readable storage media encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations on behalf of a wireless access point device that is full-duplex capable and that serves wireless communication for at least a first wireless client device and a second wireless client device, the operations including:
sending to the first wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after a first time interval; waiting a second time interval after the first wireless client device is expected to begin sending the uplink transmission; receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device, sending to the second wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the first wireless client device. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, further comprising instructions for performing operations including:
determining a measure of separation between the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device; and based on the measure of separation, determining whether the first wireless client device and the second wireless client device are good pair candidates for overlapping downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer readable storage media of claim 18, further comprising instructions for performing operations for a cascaded sequence comprising:
including in the downlink transmission to the second wireless client device a trigger frame that causes the second wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval; receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device; and after the second time interval, and while receiving the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, sending to the first wireless client device a downlink transmission that overlaps at least partially in frequency and time with the uplink transmission from the second wireless client device, wherein the downlink transmission to the first wireless client device includes a trigger frame that causes the first wireless client device to send an uplink transmission to the wireless access point device after the first time interval. | 2,600 |
341,631 | 16,801,955 | 2,652 | A system includes a disinfection chamber having an interior volume, a radiation source to emit radiation into the interior volume, a radiation sensor circuit to detect radiation in the interior volume, an independent monitoring circuit to detect radiation in the interior volume, and a computing device that has a memory and a processor. The memory stores first radiation values captured by the radiation sensor circuit, second radiation values captured by the independent monitoring circuit, and computer instructions. The processing unit executes the computer instructions to start the emission of radiation, generate first and second accumulated radiation values from the stored values, respectively, and stop the emission of radiation after reaching a first radiation threshold. Based on a comparison of the first accumulated radiation value to the second accumulated radiation value, a validated disinfection signal or an error signal will be asserted. | 1. A disinfection device, comprising:
a disinfection chamber having an interior volume; at least one radiation source configured to emit radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a processing unit arranged to execute computer instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to direct a delivery of a disinfection dose of the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; at least one radiation sensor circuit configured to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber and further configured, based on how much of the radiation is detected, to determine when said disinfection dose has been delivered; and an independent monitoring circuit arranged to validate a proper operation of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 2. The disinfection device of claim 1, wherein the computer instructions comprise further computer instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to:
direct the at least one radiation source to begin emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; generate an accumulated radiation value, the accumulated radiation value representing an amount of radiation detected by the at least one radiation sensor; verify that the accumulated radiation value reaches a first radiation threshold; and direct the at least one radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber. 3. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first photodiode arranged in the at least one radiation sensor circuit the first photodiode positioned at a first location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a second photodiode arranged in the at least one radiation sensor circuit the second photodiode positioned at a second location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; and a third photodiode arranged in the independent monitoring circuit, the third photodiode positioned at a third location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber, wherein the first location, the second location, and the third location are different locations. 4. The disinfection device of claim 3 wherein the second location and the third location are in close proximity to each other. 5. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is arranged to receive first radiation information from the at least one radiation sensor circuit and arranged to not receive second radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit. 6. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second processing unit arranged to receive first radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit and arranged to not receive second radiation information from the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 7. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit communicate radiation information to different processing units. 8. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is communicatively coupled to both the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 9. The disinfection device of claim 8, further comprising:
a second processing unit communicatively coupled to only one of the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 10. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a power supply circuit electrically coupled to only one of the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 11. A disinfection method, comprising:
delivering, via at least one radiation source, a disinfection dose of radiation into an interior volume of a disinfection chamber; detecting, via at least one radiation sensor circuit, the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; determining, based on how much of the radiation is detected, when said disinfection dose has been delivered; and validating, via an independent monitoring circuit, a proper operation of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 12. The disinfection method of claim 11, wherein delivering the disinfection dose of the radiation comprises:
directing the at least one radiation source to begin emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; generating an accumulated radiation value that represents an amount of the radiation detected by the at least one radiation sensor; verifying that the accumulated radiation value has reached a first radiation threshold; and based on the verifying, directing the at least one radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber. 13. The disinfection method of claim 11, further comprising:
independently executing a first instance of a radiation accumulation algorithm and a second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm, wherein the first instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed using first radiation information captured by the at least one radiation sensor circuit, and wherein the second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed using second radiation information captured by the independent monitoring circuit. 14. The disinfection method of claim 13 wherein the first instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed via a first processing unit and the second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed via a second processing unit, wherein the first and second processing units are different processing units. 15. The disinfection method of claim 11 wherein determining how much of the radiation is detected includes applying a calibration factor to radiation information received by at least one photodiode of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 16. A system, comprising:
a disinfection chamber having an interior volume; a radiation source arranged to emit radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a radiation sensor circuit arranged to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; an independent monitoring circuit arranged to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; and a computing device that includes:
a memory arranged to store:
first radiation values captured by the radiation sensor circuit;
second radiation values captured by the independent monitoring circuit; and
computer instructions; and;
a processing unit arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to:
direct the radiation source to start emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber;
generate a first accumulated radiation value based on the first radiation values stored in the memory;
generate a second accumulated radiation value based on the second radiation values stored in the memory;
direct the radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber after the first accumulated radiation value has reached a first radiation threshold;
determine a validation result based on a comparison of the first accumulated radiation value to the second accumulated radiation value; and
assert, based on the validation result, at least one of a validated disinfection signal and an error signal. 17. The system of claim 16, comprising:
a first photodiode arranged in the radiation sensor circuit; a second photodiode in the radiation sensor circuit; and a third photodiode in the independent monitoring circuit. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing unit is arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit further to:
generate the first accumulated radiation value from a mathematical combination of first radiation information captured by at least the first and second photodiodes; and generate the second accumulated radiation value from second radiation information captured by the third photodiode. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit further to:
apply at least one first calibration factor during the generation of the first accumulated radiation value; and apply at least one second calibration factor during the generation of the second accumulated radiation value. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein the processing unit includes at least two different processors, the at least two different processors including a first processor arranged to receive first radiation information from the radiation sensor circuit and a second processor arranged to receive second radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit. | A system includes a disinfection chamber having an interior volume, a radiation source to emit radiation into the interior volume, a radiation sensor circuit to detect radiation in the interior volume, an independent monitoring circuit to detect radiation in the interior volume, and a computing device that has a memory and a processor. The memory stores first radiation values captured by the radiation sensor circuit, second radiation values captured by the independent monitoring circuit, and computer instructions. The processing unit executes the computer instructions to start the emission of radiation, generate first and second accumulated radiation values from the stored values, respectively, and stop the emission of radiation after reaching a first radiation threshold. Based on a comparison of the first accumulated radiation value to the second accumulated radiation value, a validated disinfection signal or an error signal will be asserted.1. A disinfection device, comprising:
a disinfection chamber having an interior volume; at least one radiation source configured to emit radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a processing unit arranged to execute computer instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to direct a delivery of a disinfection dose of the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; at least one radiation sensor circuit configured to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber and further configured, based on how much of the radiation is detected, to determine when said disinfection dose has been delivered; and an independent monitoring circuit arranged to validate a proper operation of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 2. The disinfection device of claim 1, wherein the computer instructions comprise further computer instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to:
direct the at least one radiation source to begin emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; generate an accumulated radiation value, the accumulated radiation value representing an amount of radiation detected by the at least one radiation sensor; verify that the accumulated radiation value reaches a first radiation threshold; and direct the at least one radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber. 3. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first photodiode arranged in the at least one radiation sensor circuit the first photodiode positioned at a first location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a second photodiode arranged in the at least one radiation sensor circuit the second photodiode positioned at a second location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; and a third photodiode arranged in the independent monitoring circuit, the third photodiode positioned at a third location in the interior volume of the disinfection chamber, wherein the first location, the second location, and the third location are different locations. 4. The disinfection device of claim 3 wherein the second location and the third location are in close proximity to each other. 5. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is arranged to receive first radiation information from the at least one radiation sensor circuit and arranged to not receive second radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit. 6. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second processing unit arranged to receive first radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit and arranged to not receive second radiation information from the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 7. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit communicate radiation information to different processing units. 8. The disinfection device of claim 1 wherein the processing unit is communicatively coupled to both the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 9. The disinfection device of claim 8, further comprising:
a second processing unit communicatively coupled to only one of the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 10. The disinfection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a power supply circuit electrically coupled to only one of the at least one radiation sensor circuit and the independent monitoring circuit. 11. A disinfection method, comprising:
delivering, via at least one radiation source, a disinfection dose of radiation into an interior volume of a disinfection chamber; detecting, via at least one radiation sensor circuit, the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; determining, based on how much of the radiation is detected, when said disinfection dose has been delivered; and validating, via an independent monitoring circuit, a proper operation of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 12. The disinfection method of claim 11, wherein delivering the disinfection dose of the radiation comprises:
directing the at least one radiation source to begin emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; generating an accumulated radiation value that represents an amount of the radiation detected by the at least one radiation sensor; verifying that the accumulated radiation value has reached a first radiation threshold; and based on the verifying, directing the at least one radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber. 13. The disinfection method of claim 11, further comprising:
independently executing a first instance of a radiation accumulation algorithm and a second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm, wherein the first instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed using first radiation information captured by the at least one radiation sensor circuit, and wherein the second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed using second radiation information captured by the independent monitoring circuit. 14. The disinfection method of claim 13 wherein the first instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed via a first processing unit and the second instance of the radiation accumulation algorithm is executed via a second processing unit, wherein the first and second processing units are different processing units. 15. The disinfection method of claim 11 wherein determining how much of the radiation is detected includes applying a calibration factor to radiation information received by at least one photodiode of the at least one radiation sensor circuit. 16. A system, comprising:
a disinfection chamber having an interior volume; a radiation source arranged to emit radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; a radiation sensor circuit arranged to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; an independent monitoring circuit arranged to detect the radiation within the interior volume of the disinfection chamber; and a computing device that includes:
a memory arranged to store:
first radiation values captured by the radiation sensor circuit;
second radiation values captured by the independent monitoring circuit; and
computer instructions; and;
a processing unit arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to:
direct the radiation source to start emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber;
generate a first accumulated radiation value based on the first radiation values stored in the memory;
generate a second accumulated radiation value based on the second radiation values stored in the memory;
direct the radiation source to stop emitting the radiation into the interior volume of the disinfection chamber after the first accumulated radiation value has reached a first radiation threshold;
determine a validation result based on a comparison of the first accumulated radiation value to the second accumulated radiation value; and
assert, based on the validation result, at least one of a validated disinfection signal and an error signal. 17. The system of claim 16, comprising:
a first photodiode arranged in the radiation sensor circuit; a second photodiode in the radiation sensor circuit; and a third photodiode in the independent monitoring circuit. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing unit is arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit further to:
generate the first accumulated radiation value from a mathematical combination of first radiation information captured by at least the first and second photodiodes; and generate the second accumulated radiation value from second radiation information captured by the third photodiode. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is arranged to execute the computer instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit further to:
apply at least one first calibration factor during the generation of the first accumulated radiation value; and apply at least one second calibration factor during the generation of the second accumulated radiation value. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein the processing unit includes at least two different processors, the at least two different processors including a first processor arranged to receive first radiation information from the radiation sensor circuit and a second processor arranged to receive second radiation information from the independent monitoring circuit. | 2,600 |
341,632 | 16,801,971 | 2,652 | A sealing device includes a seal member and a slinger. The slinger has a slinger fixing part, a first radial part, a first axial part, a second radial part, and a second axial part facing a seal fixing part of the seal member in a radial direction across a first clearance. The seal member has a large-diameter part facing, in an axial direction, an end of the second axial part on the other side in an axial direction across a second clearance. An outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and an outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are included in a flow passage surface of a continuous outside flow passage that extends in a straight line along the axial direction. The first clearance and the second clearance communicate with each other, and the sealing device has a labyrinth clearance including the first clearance and the second clearance. | 1. A sealing device comprising:
an annular seal member mounted on an outer member; and an annular slinger mounted on an inner member that rotates relatively to the outer member, wherein: the annular seal member has a cylindrical seal fixing part that is mounted on a part of an outer circumferential surface of the outer member, and a seal main body that has a seal lip; the annular slinger has a slinger fixing part that is mounted on a part of an outer circumferential surface of the inner member; a first radial part which extends from an end of the slinger fixing part on one side in an axial direction toward a radially outer side and with which the seal lip comes into contact; a first axial part that extends from an end of the first radial part on the radially outer side toward the other side in the axial direction; a second radial part that extends from an end of the first axial part on the other side in the axial direction toward the radially outer side; and a second axial part that extends from an end of the second radial part on the radially outer side toward the other side in the axial direction and faces the cylindrical seal fixing part in a radial direction across a first clearance; the annular seal member has a large-diameter part that has a larger outside diameter than the cylindrical seal fixing part and faces, in the axial direction, an end of the second axial part on the other side in the axial direction across a second clearance; an outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and an outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are included in a flow passage surface of a continuous outside flow passage that extends in a straight line along the axial direction; and the first clearance and the second clearance communicate with each other, and the sealing device has a labyrinth clearance including the first clearance and the second clearance. 2. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and the outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are equivalent in diameter. 3. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein:
at least a portion of the first radial part has a contact surface that is in contact with an annular wall surface of the inner member that extends toward the radially outer side from a part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member; and an outer circumferential surface of the first axial part and a stepped surface of the inner member that extends from an end of the annular wall surface on the radially outer side toward the one side in the axial direction constitute a bottom surface of a common gutter structure. 4. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the second clearance has a dimension of 0.6 mm or smaller. 5. A rolling bearing device comprising:
an outer member; an inner member; a plurality of rolling elements provided between the outer member and the inner member; and a sealing device that prevents foreign objects from entering a bearing inner space which is between the outer member and the inner member and in which the rolling elements are provided, wherein the sealing device is the sealing device according to claim 1. 6. The rolling bearing device according to claim 5, wherein:
the inner member has a shaft main body that has the part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member, and a flange that extends from one side of the shaft main body in the axial direction toward a radially outer side; the flange has an annular wall surface that extends toward the radially outer side from the part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member, and a stepped surface that extends from an end of the annular wall surface on the radially outer side toward the one side in the axial direction; at least a portion of the first radial part of the annular slinger has a contact surface that is in contact with the annular wall surface; and an outer circumferential surface of the first axial part and the stepped surface constitute a bottom surface of a common gutter structure. | A sealing device includes a seal member and a slinger. The slinger has a slinger fixing part, a first radial part, a first axial part, a second radial part, and a second axial part facing a seal fixing part of the seal member in a radial direction across a first clearance. The seal member has a large-diameter part facing, in an axial direction, an end of the second axial part on the other side in an axial direction across a second clearance. An outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and an outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are included in a flow passage surface of a continuous outside flow passage that extends in a straight line along the axial direction. The first clearance and the second clearance communicate with each other, and the sealing device has a labyrinth clearance including the first clearance and the second clearance.1. A sealing device comprising:
an annular seal member mounted on an outer member; and an annular slinger mounted on an inner member that rotates relatively to the outer member, wherein: the annular seal member has a cylindrical seal fixing part that is mounted on a part of an outer circumferential surface of the outer member, and a seal main body that has a seal lip; the annular slinger has a slinger fixing part that is mounted on a part of an outer circumferential surface of the inner member; a first radial part which extends from an end of the slinger fixing part on one side in an axial direction toward a radially outer side and with which the seal lip comes into contact; a first axial part that extends from an end of the first radial part on the radially outer side toward the other side in the axial direction; a second radial part that extends from an end of the first axial part on the other side in the axial direction toward the radially outer side; and a second axial part that extends from an end of the second radial part on the radially outer side toward the other side in the axial direction and faces the cylindrical seal fixing part in a radial direction across a first clearance; the annular seal member has a large-diameter part that has a larger outside diameter than the cylindrical seal fixing part and faces, in the axial direction, an end of the second axial part on the other side in the axial direction across a second clearance; an outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and an outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are included in a flow passage surface of a continuous outside flow passage that extends in a straight line along the axial direction; and the first clearance and the second clearance communicate with each other, and the sealing device has a labyrinth clearance including the first clearance and the second clearance. 2. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter part and the outer circumferential surface of the second axial part are equivalent in diameter. 3. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein:
at least a portion of the first radial part has a contact surface that is in contact with an annular wall surface of the inner member that extends toward the radially outer side from a part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member; and an outer circumferential surface of the first axial part and a stepped surface of the inner member that extends from an end of the annular wall surface on the radially outer side toward the one side in the axial direction constitute a bottom surface of a common gutter structure. 4. The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the second clearance has a dimension of 0.6 mm or smaller. 5. A rolling bearing device comprising:
an outer member; an inner member; a plurality of rolling elements provided between the outer member and the inner member; and a sealing device that prevents foreign objects from entering a bearing inner space which is between the outer member and the inner member and in which the rolling elements are provided, wherein the sealing device is the sealing device according to claim 1. 6. The rolling bearing device according to claim 5, wherein:
the inner member has a shaft main body that has the part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member, and a flange that extends from one side of the shaft main body in the axial direction toward a radially outer side; the flange has an annular wall surface that extends toward the radially outer side from the part of the outer circumferential surface of the inner member at which the slinger fixing part is fixed to the inner member, and a stepped surface that extends from an end of the annular wall surface on the radially outer side toward the one side in the axial direction; at least a portion of the first radial part of the annular slinger has a contact surface that is in contact with the annular wall surface; and an outer circumferential surface of the first axial part and the stepped surface constitute a bottom surface of a common gutter structure. | 2,600 |
341,633 | 16,801,970 | 2,652 | A locking structure for a rectilinear center rail is provided. The locking structure includes a rectilinear center rail mounted on a sliding door, a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail, and a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and a vehicle body. The center roller unit includes a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail. The locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever. | 1. A locking structure for a rectilinear center rail for opposite sliding doors, the locking structure comprising:
a rectilinear center rail mounted on a sliding door in a longitudinal direction of the sliding door; a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail; and a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and a vehicle body, wherein the center roller unit comprises a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail, wherein the locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever, and wherein, in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be released from the catching portion formed on the center rail. 2. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein when in the first posture, the second lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center swing arm and rotated, and the second lever and the first lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the second posture. 3. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein when in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center rail and rotated, and the first lever and the second lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the first posture. 4. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein a center rail striker formed in a width direction of the center rail is formed on the center rail so that the first lever is configured to be caught by the center rail striker and rotated, and a center roller striker is formed on the center swing arm so that the second lever is configured to be caught by the center roller striker and rotated. 5. The locking structure of claim 4, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first insertion portion into which the center rail striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple first insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the first insertion portion. 6. The locking structure of claim 5, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second insertion portion into which the center roller striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple second insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the second insertion portion. 7. The locking structure of claim 6, wherein one first insertion guide protrusion, which is formed at a first side among the multiple first insertion guide protrusions, is longer than another first insertion guide protrusion formed at a second side, and one second insertion guide protrusion, which is formed at a first side among the multiple second insertion guide protrusions, is longer than another second insertion guide protrusion formed at a second side. 8. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first locking portion having a shape protruding outward and configured to be caught by the second lever in the first posture; and a first locking groove having a shape recessed inward and configured to be caught by the second lever in the second posture. 9. The locking structure of claim 8, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second locking portion having a shape protruding outward and configured to be inserted into the first locking groove; and a second locking groove having a shape recessed inward and configured to receive the first locking portion. 10. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein the center roller unit has a rotation restricting member configured to restrict a rotation of the first lever, and the first lever has a catching portion configured to be caught by the rotation restricting member in accordance with a rotation state. 11. A vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body; and a sliding door, wherein the sliding door comprises a locking structure comprising:
a rectilinear center rail mounted on the sliding door in a longitudinal direction of the sliding door;
a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail; and
a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and the vehicle body,
wherein the center roller unit comprises a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail,
wherein the locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever, and
wherein, in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be released from the catching portion formed on the center rail. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein when in the first posture, the second lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center swing arm and rotated, and the second lever and the first lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the second posture. 13. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein when in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center rail and rotated, and the first lever and the second lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the first posture. 14. The vehicle of claim 11, further comprising:
a center rail striker formed on the center rail in a width direction of the center rail, wherein the first lever is configured to be caught by the center rail striker and rotated; and a center roller striker formed on the center swing arm, wherein the second lever is configured to be caught by the center roller striker and rotated. 15. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first insertion portion into which the center rail striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple first insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the first insertion portion. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second insertion portion into which the center roller striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple second insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the second insertion portion. 17. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein:
one of the first insertion guide protrusions located at a first side of the first insertion portion is longer than another of the first insertion guide protrusions located at a second side of the first insertion portion; and one of the second insertion guide protrusions located at a first side of the second insertion portion is longer than another of the second insertion guide protrusions located at a second side of the second insertion portion. 18. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first locking portion having a shape protruding outward, wherein the first locking portion is configured to be caught by the second lever in the first posture; and a first locking groove having a shape recessed inward, wherein the first locking groove is configured to be caught by the second lever in the second posture. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second locking portion having a shape protruding outward, wherein the second locking portion is configured to be inserted into the first locking groove; and a second locking groove having a shape recessed inward, wherein the first locking portion is configured to be inserted into the second locking groove. 20. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the center roller unit has a rotation restricting member configured to restrict a rotation of the first lever, and the first lever has a catching portion configured to be caught by the rotation restricting member in accordance with a rotation state. | A locking structure for a rectilinear center rail is provided. The locking structure includes a rectilinear center rail mounted on a sliding door, a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail, and a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and a vehicle body. The center roller unit includes a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail. The locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever.1. A locking structure for a rectilinear center rail for opposite sliding doors, the locking structure comprising:
a rectilinear center rail mounted on a sliding door in a longitudinal direction of the sliding door; a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail; and a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and a vehicle body, wherein the center roller unit comprises a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail, wherein the locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever, and wherein, in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be released from the catching portion formed on the center rail. 2. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein when in the first posture, the second lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center swing arm and rotated, and the second lever and the first lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the second posture. 3. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein when in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center rail and rotated, and the first lever and the second lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the first posture. 4. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein a center rail striker formed in a width direction of the center rail is formed on the center rail so that the first lever is configured to be caught by the center rail striker and rotated, and a center roller striker is formed on the center swing arm so that the second lever is configured to be caught by the center roller striker and rotated. 5. The locking structure of claim 4, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first insertion portion into which the center rail striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple first insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the first insertion portion. 6. The locking structure of claim 5, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second insertion portion into which the center roller striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple second insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the second insertion portion. 7. The locking structure of claim 6, wherein one first insertion guide protrusion, which is formed at a first side among the multiple first insertion guide protrusions, is longer than another first insertion guide protrusion formed at a second side, and one second insertion guide protrusion, which is formed at a first side among the multiple second insertion guide protrusions, is longer than another second insertion guide protrusion formed at a second side. 8. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first locking portion having a shape protruding outward and configured to be caught by the second lever in the first posture; and a first locking groove having a shape recessed inward and configured to be caught by the second lever in the second posture. 9. The locking structure of claim 8, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second locking portion having a shape protruding outward and configured to be inserted into the first locking groove; and a second locking groove having a shape recessed inward and configured to receive the first locking portion. 10. The locking structure of claim 1, wherein the center roller unit has a rotation restricting member configured to restrict a rotation of the first lever, and the first lever has a catching portion configured to be caught by the rotation restricting member in accordance with a rotation state. 11. A vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body; and a sliding door, wherein the sliding door comprises a locking structure comprising:
a rectilinear center rail mounted on the sliding door in a longitudinal direction of the sliding door;
a center roller unit rollably connected to the center rail; and
a center swing arm rotatably connected to the center roller unit and the vehicle body,
wherein the center roller unit comprises a first lever and a second lever that are configured to rotate about rotation axes formed in a width direction of the center rail,
wherein the locking structure is configured to switch between a first posture in which the first lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center rail, rotated, and then locked with the second lever and a second posture in which the second lever is configured to be caught by a catching portion formed on the center swing arm, rotated, and then locked with the first lever, and
wherein, in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be released from the catching portion formed on the center rail. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein when in the first posture, the second lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center swing arm and rotated, and the second lever and the first lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the second posture. 13. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein when in the second posture, the first lever is configured to be caught by the catching portion formed on the center rail and rotated, and the first lever and the second lever are configured to be unlocked and to assume the first posture. 14. The vehicle of claim 11, further comprising:
a center rail striker formed on the center rail in a width direction of the center rail, wherein the first lever is configured to be caught by the center rail striker and rotated; and a center roller striker formed on the center swing arm, wherein the second lever is configured to be caught by the center roller striker and rotated. 15. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first insertion portion into which the center rail striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple first insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the first insertion portion. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second insertion portion into which the center roller striker is configured to be inserted; and multiple second insertion guide protrusions formed at both sides of the second insertion portion. 17. The vehicle of claim 16, wherein:
one of the first insertion guide protrusions located at a first side of the first insertion portion is longer than another of the first insertion guide protrusions located at a second side of the first insertion portion; and one of the second insertion guide protrusions located at a first side of the second insertion portion is longer than another of the second insertion guide protrusions located at a second side of the second insertion portion. 18. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the first lever comprises:
a first locking portion having a shape protruding outward, wherein the first locking portion is configured to be caught by the second lever in the first posture; and a first locking groove having a shape recessed inward, wherein the first locking groove is configured to be caught by the second lever in the second posture. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the second lever comprises:
a second locking portion having a shape protruding outward, wherein the second locking portion is configured to be inserted into the first locking groove; and a second locking groove having a shape recessed inward, wherein the first locking portion is configured to be inserted into the second locking groove. 20. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the center roller unit has a rotation restricting member configured to restrict a rotation of the first lever, and the first lever has a catching portion configured to be caught by the rotation restricting member in accordance with a rotation state. | 2,600 |
341,634 | 16,801,950 | 2,652 | Joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks networks is described. A set of rules for clustering users and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric is developed. The energy efficiency is maximized by allocating power to users based on quality of service (QoS) constraints. The present disclosure jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off to minimize inter-cell interference. Numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to the traditional methods of clustering and AP assignment. | 1-7 (canceled) 8. A method for joint power allocation and cell formation for an energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) network, comprising:
grouping, by a control system, a plurality of user devices each connected to a photodiode photodetector into user centric clusters based on their distance to each other, wherein the visible light communication network includes a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points (AP) having a half power light emission of from 10-30° and a plurality of photodiode photodetectors, wherein each photodiode photodetector is connected to a user device of one or more user centric clusters; forming, by the control system, cells of the light-emitting diode access points, by associating an access point to each user centric cluster, wherein associating is based on maximizing cell capacity within each cell and minimizing inter-cell interference from other cells; allocating power, by the control system, to the APs associated with each user centric cluster to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of each user centric cluster; calculating, by the control system an inter-cell interference, an energy efficiency of each user centric cluster and a global energy efficiency of the visible light communication (VLC) network; and adjusting, by the control system, the operational status of each one of the plurality of APs based on the inter-cell interference and the global energy efficiency. 9. The method for of claim 8, further comprising
grouping, by the control system, the user devices into K clusters, wherein K is a predefined number based on the number of APs in the system and wherein and the distances between the K clusters are dij, i=1, . . . , K, j=i+1, . . . , K; choosing, by the control system, a cluster center ck and the user devices for each cluster j so that the sum of the squares of the distances between each user device and the cluster center ck in the cluster K is less than a first predefined threshold U; wherein the cluster centers ck are determined such that the product of the distances between all cluster centers is maximized such that the sum of the distances is less than or equal to a second predefined threshold D. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein associating an access point (AP) maximizes a cell capacity and minimizes an inter-cell interference in the other cells such that the global and cell cluster energy efficiencies are maximized. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising
intensity modulating a light signal applied to a plurality of LEDs included in each access point to transmit information signals to a plurality of user devices in a cluster associated with the access point, wherein the photodiode photodetector of each user device receives the light signal. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising
associating, by the control system, a first set of APs of the plurality of APs with a user device by finding a maximum channel value between a first AP of the first set and a first user device, wherein the channel value hij is given by 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising
calculating, by the control system, the average per-cell energy efficiency, EE of each cluster based on 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising
calculating, by the control system, the global energy efficiency, GEE, of the network based on 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising
determining, by the control system, the inter-cell interference by measuring the strength of a signal received at a user device and the interference at the user device and calculating the ratio, i,c, of the square of the signal strength to the interference; adjusting, by the control system, the status of the APs by sorting the APs by their i,c ratios; calculating a first global energy efficiency; for each AP, starting from the AP having the lowest i,c ratio,
determining whether the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster;
if the number of active APs is not greater than the number of users in each cluster, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the number of active APs is greater than the number of user devices in each cluster, changing the status of the AP having the lowest i,c ratio;
calculating a second global energy efficiency;
comparing the second global energy efficiency to the first global energy efficiency;
if the second global energy efficiency is not greater than the first global energy efficiency, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the second global energy efficiency is greater than the first global energy efficiency, changing the status of the AP having the third lowest i,c ratio, calculating a third global energy efficiency and comparing the third global energy efficiency to the second global energy efficiency;
ceasing the determination of the inter-cell interference if the third global energy efficiency is not greater than the second global energy efficiency,
continuing to change the status of each AP having the next lowest i,c ratio if the third global energy efficiency is greater than the second global energy efficiency, then
calculating the next global energy efficiency, and comparing to the previous global energy efficiency until the difference between the next global energy efficiency, and the previous global energy efficiency equals zero. 16-20 (canceled) | Joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks networks is described. A set of rules for clustering users and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric is developed. The energy efficiency is maximized by allocating power to users based on quality of service (QoS) constraints. The present disclosure jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off to minimize inter-cell interference. Numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to the traditional methods of clustering and AP assignment.1-7 (canceled) 8. A method for joint power allocation and cell formation for an energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) network, comprising:
grouping, by a control system, a plurality of user devices each connected to a photodiode photodetector into user centric clusters based on their distance to each other, wherein the visible light communication network includes a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points (AP) having a half power light emission of from 10-30° and a plurality of photodiode photodetectors, wherein each photodiode photodetector is connected to a user device of one or more user centric clusters; forming, by the control system, cells of the light-emitting diode access points, by associating an access point to each user centric cluster, wherein associating is based on maximizing cell capacity within each cell and minimizing inter-cell interference from other cells; allocating power, by the control system, to the APs associated with each user centric cluster to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of each user centric cluster; calculating, by the control system an inter-cell interference, an energy efficiency of each user centric cluster and a global energy efficiency of the visible light communication (VLC) network; and adjusting, by the control system, the operational status of each one of the plurality of APs based on the inter-cell interference and the global energy efficiency. 9. The method for of claim 8, further comprising
grouping, by the control system, the user devices into K clusters, wherein K is a predefined number based on the number of APs in the system and wherein and the distances between the K clusters are dij, i=1, . . . , K, j=i+1, . . . , K; choosing, by the control system, a cluster center ck and the user devices for each cluster j so that the sum of the squares of the distances between each user device and the cluster center ck in the cluster K is less than a first predefined threshold U; wherein the cluster centers ck are determined such that the product of the distances between all cluster centers is maximized such that the sum of the distances is less than or equal to a second predefined threshold D. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein associating an access point (AP) maximizes a cell capacity and minimizes an inter-cell interference in the other cells such that the global and cell cluster energy efficiencies are maximized. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising
intensity modulating a light signal applied to a plurality of LEDs included in each access point to transmit information signals to a plurality of user devices in a cluster associated with the access point, wherein the photodiode photodetector of each user device receives the light signal. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising
associating, by the control system, a first set of APs of the plurality of APs with a user device by finding a maximum channel value between a first AP of the first set and a first user device, wherein the channel value hij is given by 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising
calculating, by the control system, the average per-cell energy efficiency, EE of each cluster based on 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising
calculating, by the control system, the global energy efficiency, GEE, of the network based on 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising
determining, by the control system, the inter-cell interference by measuring the strength of a signal received at a user device and the interference at the user device and calculating the ratio, i,c, of the square of the signal strength to the interference; adjusting, by the control system, the status of the APs by sorting the APs by their i,c ratios; calculating a first global energy efficiency; for each AP, starting from the AP having the lowest i,c ratio,
determining whether the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster;
if the number of active APs is not greater than the number of users in each cluster, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the number of active APs is greater than the number of user devices in each cluster, changing the status of the AP having the lowest i,c ratio;
calculating a second global energy efficiency;
comparing the second global energy efficiency to the first global energy efficiency;
if the second global energy efficiency is not greater than the first global energy efficiency, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the second global energy efficiency is greater than the first global energy efficiency, changing the status of the AP having the third lowest i,c ratio, calculating a third global energy efficiency and comparing the third global energy efficiency to the second global energy efficiency;
ceasing the determination of the inter-cell interference if the third global energy efficiency is not greater than the second global energy efficiency,
continuing to change the status of each AP having the next lowest i,c ratio if the third global energy efficiency is greater than the second global energy efficiency, then
calculating the next global energy efficiency, and comparing to the previous global energy efficiency until the difference between the next global energy efficiency, and the previous global energy efficiency equals zero. 16-20 (canceled) | 2,600 |
341,635 | 16,801,972 | 2,652 | Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body. | 1. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned with respect to the sets of electrode elements to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; a circuit configured for implantation within the person's body configured for collecting temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors; and an AC voltage generator configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a battery configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to charge the battery. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein each of the capacitively coupled electrode elements comprises a ceramic disc. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, the circuit, and the AC voltage generator are all implanted in the person's body. 9. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; and a circuit configured for implantation within the person's body configured for collecting temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the circuit are all implanted in the person's body. 13. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; and an AC voltage generator configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a battery configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to charge the battery. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the capacitively coupled electrode elements comprises a ceramic disc. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the AC voltage generator are all implanted in the person's body. | Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.1. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned with respect to the sets of electrode elements to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; a circuit configured for implantation within the person's body configured for collecting temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors; and an AC voltage generator configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a battery configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to charge the battery. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein each of the capacitively coupled electrode elements comprises a ceramic disc. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, the circuit, and the AC voltage generator are all implanted in the person's body. 9. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; and a circuit configured for implantation within the person's body configured for collecting temperature measurements from the plurality of temperature sensors. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the circuit are all implanted in the person's body. 13. An apparatus for delivering tumor treating fields, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sets of electrode elements, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements is configured for implantation within a person's body; a plurality of temperature sensors configured for implantation within the person's body and positioned to measure a temperature at each of the sets of electrode elements; and an AC voltage generator configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a battery configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to power the AC voltage generator. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an inductively coupled circuit configured for implantation within the person's body and configured to charge the battery. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the sets of electrode elements comprises a plurality of capacitively coupled electrode elements. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the capacitively coupled electrode elements comprises a ceramic disc. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the temperature sensors comprises a thermistor. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of sets of electrode elements, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the AC voltage generator are all implanted in the person's body. | 2,600 |
341,636 | 16,801,962 | 2,652 | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for communicating by a user equipment with a macro cell base station and a small cell base station in a communication system is provided. The method comprises applying a first base station security key to a first communication link with the macro cell base station; generating a second base station security key to be used for a second communication link with the small cell base station based on the first base station security key; applying the second base station security key to the second communication link with the small cell base station; and communicating through at least one of the first communication link and the second communication link. | 1. A method for communicating by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station; receiving a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station; generating a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station; and applying the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating an encryption key; and communicating data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before the communicating of the data, the method further comprises:
transmitting a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station; and performing a random access procedure with the second base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added; and generating a new security key for another communication link with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
deleting the new security key in a case that the another communication link with the newly added base station is released. 6. A user equipment (UE) for communicating in a communication system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station,
control the transceiver to receive a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station,
generate a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station, and
apply the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate an encryption key, and control the transceiver to communicate data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein, the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to transmit a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station, and perform a random access procedure with the second base station. 9. The UE of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added, and generate a new security key for another communication link associated with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
delete the new security key in a case that the another communication link associated with the newly added base station is released. 11. A method for communicating by a first base station in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a user equipment(UE); and transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE, wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
performing a random access procedure with the UE; and communicating data through the first communication link with the UE. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. 16. A first base station for communicating in a communication system, the first base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a user equipment(UE), and
control the transceiver to transmit a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE,
wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 18. The first base station of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a random access procedure with the UE, and communicate data through the first communication link with the UE. 19. The first base station of claim 16,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 20. The first base station of claim 19, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for communicating by a user equipment with a macro cell base station and a small cell base station in a communication system is provided. The method comprises applying a first base station security key to a first communication link with the macro cell base station; generating a second base station security key to be used for a second communication link with the small cell base station based on the first base station security key; applying the second base station security key to the second communication link with the small cell base station; and communicating through at least one of the first communication link and the second communication link.1. A method for communicating by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station; receiving a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station; generating a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station; and applying the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating an encryption key; and communicating data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before the communicating of the data, the method further comprises:
transmitting a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station; and performing a random access procedure with the second base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added; and generating a new security key for another communication link with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
deleting the new security key in a case that the another communication link with the newly added base station is released. 6. A user equipment (UE) for communicating in a communication system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station,
control the transceiver to receive a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station,
generate a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station, and
apply the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate an encryption key, and control the transceiver to communicate data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein, the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to transmit a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station, and perform a random access procedure with the second base station. 9. The UE of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added, and generate a new security key for another communication link associated with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
delete the new security key in a case that the another communication link associated with the newly added base station is released. 11. A method for communicating by a first base station in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a user equipment(UE); and transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE, wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
performing a random access procedure with the UE; and communicating data through the first communication link with the UE. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. 16. A first base station for communicating in a communication system, the first base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a user equipment(UE), and
control the transceiver to transmit a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE,
wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 18. The first base station of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a random access procedure with the UE, and communicate data through the first communication link with the UE. 19. The first base station of claim 16,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 20. The first base station of claim 19, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. | 2,600 |
341,637 | 16,801,974 | 2,652 | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for communicating by a user equipment with a macro cell base station and a small cell base station in a communication system is provided. The method comprises applying a first base station security key to a first communication link with the macro cell base station; generating a second base station security key to be used for a second communication link with the small cell base station based on the first base station security key; applying the second base station security key to the second communication link with the small cell base station; and communicating through at least one of the first communication link and the second communication link. | 1. A method for communicating by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station; receiving a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station; generating a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station; and applying the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating an encryption key; and communicating data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before the communicating of the data, the method further comprises:
transmitting a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station; and performing a random access procedure with the second base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added; and generating a new security key for another communication link with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
deleting the new security key in a case that the another communication link with the newly added base station is released. 6. A user equipment (UE) for communicating in a communication system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station,
control the transceiver to receive a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station,
generate a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station, and
apply the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate an encryption key, and control the transceiver to communicate data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein, the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to transmit a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station, and perform a random access procedure with the second base station. 9. The UE of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added, and generate a new security key for another communication link associated with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
delete the new security key in a case that the another communication link associated with the newly added base station is released. 11. A method for communicating by a first base station in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a user equipment(UE); and transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE, wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
performing a random access procedure with the UE; and communicating data through the first communication link with the UE. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. 16. A first base station for communicating in a communication system, the first base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a user equipment(UE), and
control the transceiver to transmit a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE,
wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 18. The first base station of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a random access procedure with the UE, and communicate data through the first communication link with the UE. 19. The first base station of claim 16,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 20. The first base station of claim 19, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for communicating by a user equipment with a macro cell base station and a small cell base station in a communication system is provided. The method comprises applying a first base station security key to a first communication link with the macro cell base station; generating a second base station security key to be used for a second communication link with the small cell base station based on the first base station security key; applying the second base station security key to the second communication link with the small cell base station; and communicating through at least one of the first communication link and the second communication link.1. A method for communicating by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station; receiving a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station; generating a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station; and applying the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating an encryption key; and communicating data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein, before the communicating of the data, the method further comprises:
transmitting a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station; and performing a random access procedure with the second base station. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added; and generating a new security key for another communication link with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
deleting the new security key in a case that the another communication link with the newly added base station is released. 6. A user equipment (UE) for communicating in a communication system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a first base station and a second communication link with a second base station,
control the transceiver to receive a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for the second base station, from the first base station,
generate a second security key for the second communication link with the second base station based on a first security key and the counter, wherein the first security key is applied to the first communication link with the first base station, and
apply the second security key to the second communication link with the second base station. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
generate an encryption key, and control the transceiver to communicate data through the second communication link with the second base station, wherein the encryption key is used for encrypting the data. 8. The UE of claim 7, wherein, the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to transmit a RRC reconfiguration complete message to the first base station, and perform a random access procedure with the second base station. 9. The UE of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive, from the first base station, a new counter in a case that another base station is newly added, and generate a new security key for another communication link associated with the newly added base station based on the new counter. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
delete the new security key in a case that the another communication link associated with the newly added base station is released. 11. A method for communicating by a first base station in a communication system, the method comprising:
establishing a first communication link with a user equipment(UE); and transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE, wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
performing a random access procedure with the UE; and communicating data through the first communication link with the UE. 14. The method of claim 11,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. 16. A first base station for communicating in a communication system, the first base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
establish a first communication link with a user equipment(UE), and
control the transceiver to transmit a radio resource control (RRC) connection reconfiguration message including a counter for a second base station, to the UE,
wherein a first security key is used for the first communication link, wherein a second security key used for a second communication link between the UE and the second base station is generated based on the counter and the first security key, and wherein the second security key is transmitted, from the first base station, to the second base station. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
control the transceiver to receive a RRC reconfiguration complete message from the UE. 18. The first base station of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform a random access procedure with the UE, and communicate data through the first communication link with the UE. 19. The first base station of claim 16,
wherein the RRC connection reconfiguration message including the counter is transmitted when the second base station is newly added in a communication network, and wherein the counter is a next hop chaining counter (NCC) for the second base station. 20. The first base station of claim 19, wherein the generated second security key is a new security key for the newly added second base station. | 2,600 |
341,638 | 16,801,965 | 2,652 | The techniques may include maintaining a thread of events for a plurality of users, where each element of the thread corresponds to an event/activity and includes at least a next field that includes a first subset of the plurality of users and a previous field that includes a second subset of the plurality of users. These techniques may allow new events to be quickly added and prior elements may be updated to reflect the addition. Further, the thread elements may allow the thread to be quickly traversed to identify queried information such that the information may be displayed to a user. | 1. A method for data processing, comprising:
identifying a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; adding, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identifying, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identifying, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmitting an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identifying each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmitting an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identifying the thread of events using the thread identifier; adding, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein receiving the indication of the new event comprises:
detecting transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each event corresponds to a meeting, an email, a message, or a phone call. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes a respective contributor field that includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that includes user identifiers of the plurality of user identifiers that either contributed to an event of a current element or an event prior to the current element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes an insight field indicating one or more of the plurality of user identifiers based on which users of the plurality of user identifiers were a contributor to an event corresponding to a current element with an insight or any prior element corresponding to an event with an insight. 10. An apparatus for data processing, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field;
add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and
update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
store a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data processing, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. | The techniques may include maintaining a thread of events for a plurality of users, where each element of the thread corresponds to an event/activity and includes at least a next field that includes a first subset of the plurality of users and a previous field that includes a second subset of the plurality of users. These techniques may allow new events to be quickly added and prior elements may be updated to reflect the addition. Further, the thread elements may allow the thread to be quickly traversed to identify queried information such that the information may be displayed to a user.1. A method for data processing, comprising:
identifying a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; adding, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identifying, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identifying, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmitting an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identifying each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmitting an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identifying the thread of events using the thread identifier; adding, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein receiving the indication of the new event comprises:
detecting transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each event corresponds to a meeting, an email, a message, or a phone call. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes a respective contributor field that includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that includes user identifiers of the plurality of user identifiers that either contributed to an event of a current element or an event prior to the current element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes an insight field indicating one or more of the plurality of user identifiers based on which users of the plurality of user identifiers were a contributor to an event corresponding to a current element with an insight or any prior element corresponding to an event with an insight. 10. An apparatus for data processing, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field;
add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and
update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
store a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data processing, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. | 2,600 |
341,639 | 16,801,968 | 3,775 | The techniques may include maintaining a thread of events for a plurality of users, where each element of the thread corresponds to an event/activity and includes at least a next field that includes a first subset of the plurality of users and a previous field that includes a second subset of the plurality of users. These techniques may allow new events to be quickly added and prior elements may be updated to reflect the addition. Further, the thread elements may allow the thread to be quickly traversed to identify queried information such that the information may be displayed to a user. | 1. A method for data processing, comprising:
identifying a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; adding, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identifying, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identifying, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmitting an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identifying each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmitting an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identifying the thread of events using the thread identifier; adding, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein receiving the indication of the new event comprises:
detecting transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each event corresponds to a meeting, an email, a message, or a phone call. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes a respective contributor field that includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that includes user identifiers of the plurality of user identifiers that either contributed to an event of a current element or an event prior to the current element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes an insight field indicating one or more of the plurality of user identifiers based on which users of the plurality of user identifiers were a contributor to an event corresponding to a current element with an insight or any prior element corresponding to an event with an insight. 10. An apparatus for data processing, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field;
add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and
update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
store a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data processing, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. | The techniques may include maintaining a thread of events for a plurality of users, where each element of the thread corresponds to an event/activity and includes at least a next field that includes a first subset of the plurality of users and a previous field that includes a second subset of the plurality of users. These techniques may allow new events to be quickly added and prior elements may be updated to reflect the addition. Further, the thread elements may allow the thread to be quickly traversed to identify queried information such that the information may be displayed to a user.1. A method for data processing, comprising:
identifying a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; adding, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identifying, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identifying, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmitting an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identifying each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmitting an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identifying the thread of events using the thread identifier; adding, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and updating, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein receiving the indication of the new event comprises:
detecting transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each event corresponds to a meeting, an email, a message, or a phone call. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes a respective contributor field that includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that includes user identifiers of the plurality of user identifiers that either contributed to an event of a current element or an event prior to the current element. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each element of the thread of events further includes an insight field indicating one or more of the plurality of user identifiers based on which users of the plurality of user identifiers were a contributor to an event corresponding to a current element with an insight or any prior element corresponding to an event with an insight. 10. An apparatus for data processing, comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field;
add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and
update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
store a table in association with the thread of events, wherein the table includes a summary of the thread of events. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for data processing, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
identify a first element of a thread of events based at least in part on a first event associated with a plurality of user identifiers, wherein the first element includes a respective next field; add, for each subsequent event associated with at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, a new element in the thread of events, each new element including the respective next field and a respective previous field, wherein the respective previous field of the new element includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to a current element in the thread of events. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein:
receive a query for a leading edge event of the thread of events for a target user of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the query indicates the target user; identify, starting with a latest element in the thread of events arranged in a chronological order, a first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; identify, as the leading edge event for the target user, an event corresponding to the first element that does not include the target user in the respective next field; and transmit an indication of the leading edge event of the thread of events based at least in part on the query. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication to expand the leading edge event for the target user to a thread for the target user; identify each element prior to the first element corresponding to the leading edge event that includes the target user in the next field until an element does not include the target user in the previous field; and transmit an indication of each element as the thread for the target user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable to:
receive an indication of a new event comprising at least a subset of the plurality of user identifiers, wherein the new event is associated with the thread of events in accordance with a thread identifier; identify the thread of events using the thread identifier; add, to the thread of events, a new element corresponding to the new event, wherein the new element includes the respective previous field including one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one prior event to the new element in the thread of events; and update, based at least in part on adding the new element to the new event, the respective next field of each element of the thread of events such that the respective next field includes one or more of the plurality of user identifiers that are associated with at least one subsequent event to the current element in the thread of events. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions to receive the indication of the new event are executable to:
detect transmission of a new message between one or more of the plurality of user identifiers. | 3,700 |
341,640 | 16,801,946 | 3,775 | A method for fabricating an optical sensor includes: forming, over a substrate, a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; and forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition. The first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. | 1. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; and wherein the first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compositions of germanium of the graded material increase along the direction that is from the first material layer to the second material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first material layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second material layer. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a lens over the second material layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the graded material layer is gradient-doped. 11. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple first-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the first graded material layer is of a first material and a second material, and the compositions of the second material of the first graded material layer vary along a particular direction; forming, over the first graded material layer, an absorption layer comprising the second material, forming, over the absorption layer, a second graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple second-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the second graded material layer is of the first material and the second material, wherein compositions of the second material of the second graded material layer vary along the particular direction; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; and bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; wherein the particular direction is a direction from the first graded material layer to the second graded material layer, wherein the compositions of second material of the first graded material layer increase along the particular direction, and wherein the compositions of second material of the second graded material layer decrease along the particular direction, wherein a doping polarity of the first-doped levels and a doping polarity of the second-doped levels are different. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second material is germanium and the first material is silicon. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first graded material layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second graded material layer. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
forming a lens over the second graded material layer. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the multiple first-doped levels gradually decrease along the particular direction and/or the multiple second doped levels gradually increase along the particular direction. | A method for fabricating an optical sensor includes: forming, over a substrate, a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; and forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition. The first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate.1. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; and wherein the first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compositions of germanium of the graded material increase along the direction that is from the first material layer to the second material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first material layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second material layer. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a lens over the second material layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the graded material layer is gradient-doped. 11. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple first-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the first graded material layer is of a first material and a second material, and the compositions of the second material of the first graded material layer vary along a particular direction; forming, over the first graded material layer, an absorption layer comprising the second material, forming, over the absorption layer, a second graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple second-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the second graded material layer is of the first material and the second material, wherein compositions of the second material of the second graded material layer vary along the particular direction; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; and bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; wherein the particular direction is a direction from the first graded material layer to the second graded material layer, wherein the compositions of second material of the first graded material layer increase along the particular direction, and wherein the compositions of second material of the second graded material layer decrease along the particular direction, wherein a doping polarity of the first-doped levels and a doping polarity of the second-doped levels are different. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second material is germanium and the first material is silicon. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first graded material layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second graded material layer. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
forming a lens over the second graded material layer. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the multiple first-doped levels gradually decrease along the particular direction and/or the multiple second doped levels gradually increase along the particular direction. | 3,700 |
341,641 | 16,801,963 | 3,775 | A method for fabricating an optical sensor includes: forming, over a substrate, a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; and forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition. The first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. | 1. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; and wherein the first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compositions of germanium of the graded material increase along the direction that is from the first material layer to the second material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first material layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second material layer. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a lens over the second material layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the graded material layer is gradient-doped. 11. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple first-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the first graded material layer is of a first material and a second material, and the compositions of the second material of the first graded material layer vary along a particular direction; forming, over the first graded material layer, an absorption layer comprising the second material, forming, over the absorption layer, a second graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple second-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the second graded material layer is of the first material and the second material, wherein compositions of the second material of the second graded material layer vary along the particular direction; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; and bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; wherein the particular direction is a direction from the first graded material layer to the second graded material layer, wherein the compositions of second material of the first graded material layer increase along the particular direction, and wherein the compositions of second material of the second graded material layer decrease along the particular direction, wherein a doping polarity of the first-doped levels and a doping polarity of the second-doped levels are different. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second material is germanium and the first material is silicon. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first graded material layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second graded material layer. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
forming a lens over the second graded material layer. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the multiple first-doped levels gradually decrease along the particular direction and/or the multiple second doped levels gradually increase along the particular direction. | A method for fabricating an optical sensor includes: forming, over a substrate, a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; and forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition. The first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate.1. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first material layer comprising a first alloy of germanium and silicon having a first germanium composition; forming, over the first material layer, a graded material layer comprising germanium and silicon; forming, over the graded material layer, a second material layer comprising a second alloy of germanium and silicon having a second germanium composition; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; and wherein the first germanium composition is lower than the second germanium composition and a germanium composition of the graded material layer is between the first germanium composition and the second germanium composition and varies along a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compositions of germanium of the graded material increase along the direction that is from the first material layer to the second material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first material layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second material layer. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before the bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a lens over the second material layer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the graded material layer is gradient-doped. 11. A method for fabricating an optical sensor, the method comprising:
forming a first graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple first-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the first graded material layer is of a first material and a second material, and the compositions of the second material of the first graded material layer vary along a particular direction; forming, over the first graded material layer, an absorption layer comprising the second material, forming, over the absorption layer, a second graded material layer comprising a composition or multiple second-doped levels along a particular direction, wherein the composition of the second graded material layer is of the first material and the second material, wherein compositions of the second material of the second graded material layer vary along the particular direction; forming a first dielectric layer over the second material layer; and bonding the first dielectric layer to a circuitry formed over a carrier substrate; wherein the particular direction is a direction from the first graded material layer to the second graded material layer, wherein the compositions of second material of the first graded material layer increase along the particular direction, and wherein the compositions of second material of the second graded material layer decrease along the particular direction, wherein a doping polarity of the first-doped levels and a doping polarity of the second-doped levels are different. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second material is germanium and the first material is silicon. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a segregation layer over a substrate before the forming of the first graded material layer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the substrate and the segregation layer after the bonding of the first dielectric to the circuitry. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a coating layer over the second graded material layer. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming multiple first interconnects in the first dielectric layer before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a second dielectric layer on the circuitry before bonding of the first dielectric layer to the circuitry. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming multiple second interconnects in the second dielectric layer after the forming of the second dielectric layer. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
forming a lens over the second graded material layer. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the multiple first-doped levels gradually decrease along the particular direction and/or the multiple second doped levels gradually increase along the particular direction. | 3,700 |
341,642 | 16,801,961 | 3,775 | Provided herein are embodiments related to metered dose inhalers and formulations for such inhalers. In some embodiments, the inhalers are configured so as to allow a more comfortable experience for the subject receiving the formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises various ingredients, such as terpenes and/or waxes, which can further enhance the level of comfort for the subject receiving the formulation. | 1.-42. (canceled) 43. A formulation for metered dose inhalation, said formulation comprising:
an extract comprising an amount of at least one cannabinoid, wherein the at least one cannabinoid comprises a cannabidiol (CBD), and wherein the amount of the cannabidiol is at least 0.2 mg/mL and less than 350 mg/mL; an amount of a propellant suitable for metered dose inhalation application to a human subject, wherein the propellant comprises at least a HFA; a polar solvent, wherein the polar solvent is miscible with the propellant and the cannabinoid(s), wherein extract: polar solvent: HFA propellant is in a ratio ranging from 0.5:0.5:99 to 30:30:40; and a terpene, in an amount of at least 3 μg/mL. 44. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the terpene is selected from the group consisting of at least one of: Pinene, Limonene, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Carene, Terpinene, Linalool, Fenchol, Borneol, Terpineol, Geraniol, Humulene, Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene Oxide, Bisabolol, Citronellol, Menthol, Ocimene, Camphene or Phytol. 45. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises at least one activated cannabinoid. 46. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises at least one cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). 47. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises THC. 48. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the solvent comprises an amount of ethanol. 49. The formulation of claim 48, where the ethanol is present in an amount of up to 30% w/w. 50. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the HFA is at least one of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFA 227ea). 51. A formulation for metered dose inhalation, said formulation comprising:
an amount of an activated cannabinoid, wherein the activated cannabinoid comprises at least Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), wherein the amount of the Cannabidiol is at least 0.2 mg/mL and less than 350 mg/mL; an amount of ethanol sufficient to serve as a solvent; an amount of a propellant, wherein the propellant is at least one of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFA 227ea), wherein an extract comprises the activated cannabinoid, and an amount of a natural terpene, in an amount of at least 3 μg/mL, wherein the natural terpene is one that is present in a cannabis plant, and wherein extract: ethanol: HFA propellant is in a ratio ranging from 0.5:0.5:99 to 30:30:40. 52. A metered dose inhaler canister comprising:
a formulation according to claim 51; and a coating over an interior surface of the canister, wherein the coating comprises at least one of anodized aluminum or a fluoropolymer. 53. A metered dose inhaler comprising:
a formulation according to claim 51; and an actuator drug/propellant pathway, comprising an actuator orifice cylinder configured to provide an appropriate mean mass aerosol diameter (MMAD) particulate size distribution of the formulation, and of sufficient surface area and heat sink properties to provide for single and rapid dispensing cycles of the formulation, and propellant, to maintain dose content uniformity, particle size distribution, and the comfort of the patient; wherein the actuator orifice cylinder is configured by at least one of:
a) an appropriate surface area, internal geometry jet length or shape, surface texture, or material of the actuator orifice cylinder; or
b) an increased mass of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder, as compared to the mass of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder without a heat sink, to act as a heat sink by at least 5% additional mass. 54. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein an increased surface area, as compared to the surface area of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder without a heat sink, is achieved by increasing the texture of the cylinder area by at least one of a cut, a groove, a ridge, or by a mold etched texture. 55. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein a MDI valve is located between the MDI canister and the orifice cylinder, wherein the MDI valve is configured to dispense between 20 and 125 microliters of formulation per actuation, and wherein the MDI valve is made of at least one of polyoxymethalate (POM), polybutylterephalate (PBT), ABS, acrylic, polycarbonate, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), or silicon. 56. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein the appropriate mean mass aerosol diameter (MMAD) particulate size distribution is between 0.5 and 5.0 micron of the formulation. 57. The formulation of claim 50, wherein the CBD, and terpene are from the extract, wherein the extract is plant based, and wherein the solvent is ethanol, and wherein the ethanol is present in an amount of up to 30% w/w. | Provided herein are embodiments related to metered dose inhalers and formulations for such inhalers. In some embodiments, the inhalers are configured so as to allow a more comfortable experience for the subject receiving the formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises various ingredients, such as terpenes and/or waxes, which can further enhance the level of comfort for the subject receiving the formulation.1.-42. (canceled) 43. A formulation for metered dose inhalation, said formulation comprising:
an extract comprising an amount of at least one cannabinoid, wherein the at least one cannabinoid comprises a cannabidiol (CBD), and wherein the amount of the cannabidiol is at least 0.2 mg/mL and less than 350 mg/mL; an amount of a propellant suitable for metered dose inhalation application to a human subject, wherein the propellant comprises at least a HFA; a polar solvent, wherein the polar solvent is miscible with the propellant and the cannabinoid(s), wherein extract: polar solvent: HFA propellant is in a ratio ranging from 0.5:0.5:99 to 30:30:40; and a terpene, in an amount of at least 3 μg/mL. 44. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the terpene is selected from the group consisting of at least one of: Pinene, Limonene, Myrcene, Phellandrene, Carene, Terpinene, Linalool, Fenchol, Borneol, Terpineol, Geraniol, Humulene, Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene Oxide, Bisabolol, Citronellol, Menthol, Ocimene, Camphene or Phytol. 45. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises at least one activated cannabinoid. 46. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises at least one cannabinoid selected from the group consisting of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). 47. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the at least one cannabinoid further comprises THC. 48. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the solvent comprises an amount of ethanol. 49. The formulation of claim 48, where the ethanol is present in an amount of up to 30% w/w. 50. The formulation of claim 43, wherein the HFA is at least one of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFA 227ea). 51. A formulation for metered dose inhalation, said formulation comprising:
an amount of an activated cannabinoid, wherein the activated cannabinoid comprises at least Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), wherein the amount of the Cannabidiol is at least 0.2 mg/mL and less than 350 mg/mL; an amount of ethanol sufficient to serve as a solvent; an amount of a propellant, wherein the propellant is at least one of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (HFA 227ea), wherein an extract comprises the activated cannabinoid, and an amount of a natural terpene, in an amount of at least 3 μg/mL, wherein the natural terpene is one that is present in a cannabis plant, and wherein extract: ethanol: HFA propellant is in a ratio ranging from 0.5:0.5:99 to 30:30:40. 52. A metered dose inhaler canister comprising:
a formulation according to claim 51; and a coating over an interior surface of the canister, wherein the coating comprises at least one of anodized aluminum or a fluoropolymer. 53. A metered dose inhaler comprising:
a formulation according to claim 51; and an actuator drug/propellant pathway, comprising an actuator orifice cylinder configured to provide an appropriate mean mass aerosol diameter (MMAD) particulate size distribution of the formulation, and of sufficient surface area and heat sink properties to provide for single and rapid dispensing cycles of the formulation, and propellant, to maintain dose content uniformity, particle size distribution, and the comfort of the patient; wherein the actuator orifice cylinder is configured by at least one of:
a) an appropriate surface area, internal geometry jet length or shape, surface texture, or material of the actuator orifice cylinder; or
b) an increased mass of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder, as compared to the mass of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder without a heat sink, to act as a heat sink by at least 5% additional mass. 54. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein an increased surface area, as compared to the surface area of the external geometry of the actuator orifice cylinder without a heat sink, is achieved by increasing the texture of the cylinder area by at least one of a cut, a groove, a ridge, or by a mold etched texture. 55. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein a MDI valve is located between the MDI canister and the orifice cylinder, wherein the MDI valve is configured to dispense between 20 and 125 microliters of formulation per actuation, and wherein the MDI valve is made of at least one of polyoxymethalate (POM), polybutylterephalate (PBT), ABS, acrylic, polycarbonate, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), or silicon. 56. The metered dose inhaler of claim 53, wherein the appropriate mean mass aerosol diameter (MMAD) particulate size distribution is between 0.5 and 5.0 micron of the formulation. 57. The formulation of claim 50, wherein the CBD, and terpene are from the extract, wherein the extract is plant based, and wherein the solvent is ethanol, and wherein the ethanol is present in an amount of up to 30% w/w. | 3,700 |
341,643 | 16,801,953 | 3,775 | Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for determining time for blockchain data. One of the methods includes: obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. | 1. A computer-implemented method for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. 8. A computer-implemented system for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data;
obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction;
obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and
determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer-implemented system to perform operations for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. | Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for determining time for blockchain data. One of the methods includes: obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated.1. A computer-implemented method for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. 8. A computer-implemented system for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform operations comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data;
obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction;
obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and
determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 9. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 10. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 11. The computer-implemented system of claim 10, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 12. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 8, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer-implemented system to perform operations for determining time for blockchain data, comprising:
obtaining a first transaction identifier of a target transaction stored on a blockchain, wherein the target transaction comprises first target data, and wherein the first target data is generated by adding a second transaction identifier of a reference transaction stored on the blockchain to a second target data; obtaining, based on the first transaction identifier, a first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction; obtaining, based on the second transaction identifier, a second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction; and determining, based on the first timestamp and the second timestamp, a time period during which the second target data was generated. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first transaction identifier is a hash value of the reference transaction and the second transaction identifier is a hash value of the target transaction. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the target transaction comprises a hash value of the first target data, and obtaining the first timestamp comprises:
identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the target transaction; and receiving, from a blockchain node associated with the blockchain, the hash value of the first target data and the first timestamp corresponding to the target transaction. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein a local version of the first target data is stored by a data verifier, and obtaining the second timestamp comprises:
calculating a hash value of the local version; determining that the hash value of the local version is same as a hash value of the first target data; identify the first transaction identifier from the local version; identifying, based on the first transaction identifier, the reference transaction stored on the blockchain; and obtaining the second timestamp corresponding to the reference transaction. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the time period is between a time of the first timestamp and a time of the second timestamp. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the target transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the target transaction included in the target transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the target transaction included in the target transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the target transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the target transaction is received by the blockchain node. 21. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second timestamp is one of:
a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of a block that includes the reference transaction, a timestamp corresponding to a creation time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction, or a timestamp corresponding to a receiving time of the reference transaction included in the reference transaction; and wherein the timestamp corresponding to the receiving time of the reference transaction is added by a blockchain node associated with the blockchain when the reference transaction is received by the blockchain node. | 3,700 |
341,644 | 16,801,910 | 2,891 | A method for selectively depositing silicon nitride on a first material relative to a second material is disclosed. An exemplary method includes treating the first material, and then selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material. Exemplary methods can further include treating the deposited silicon nitride. | 1. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber, the substrate comprising a surface comprising a first material and a second material, the first material comprising an oxide and the second material comprising a nitride; treating the first material with a plasma treatment; and selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively depositing comprises atomic layer deposition. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of selectively depositing is between about 100° C. and about 500° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of treating comprises generating a plasma comprising noble gas species and hydrogen species. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the noble gas comprises argon. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a source gas for the hydrogen species comprises hydrogen. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a plasma for the plasma treatment is formed using a noble gas and a gas comprising hydrogen and wherein a ratio of the noble gas to gas comprising hydrogen ranges from about 0.1:1 to about 1:0.1. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of densifying the layer comprising silicon nitride. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of densifying comprises exposing the layer comprising silicon nitride to a plasma comprising one or more noble gases. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of densifying comprises exposing the layer comprising silicon nitride to a plasma comprising helium. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a ratio of argon to helium is between about 0.1:0.9 and about 0.9:0.1. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises an oxide selected from the group consisting of a Group IV oxide and a metal oxide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises a nitride selected from the group consisting of a Group IV nitride and a metal nitride. 14. A structure formed according to the method of claim 1. 15. The structure of claim 14 comprising a self-aligned contact nitride. 16. The structure of claim 15 comprising the layer comprising silicon nitride overlying and in contact with the self-aligned contact nitride. 17. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber, the substrate comprising a surface comprising a first material and a second material, the first material comprising an oxide and the second material comprising a nitride; treating the first material with a plasma treatment formed using a noble gas and a gas comprising hydrogen; selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material; and densifying the layer comprising silicon nitride. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of selectively depositing comprises atomic layer deposition. 19. A structure formed according to the method of claim 17. 20. The structure of claim 19 comprising a self-aligned contact nitride. | A method for selectively depositing silicon nitride on a first material relative to a second material is disclosed. An exemplary method includes treating the first material, and then selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material. Exemplary methods can further include treating the deposited silicon nitride.1. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber, the substrate comprising a surface comprising a first material and a second material, the first material comprising an oxide and the second material comprising a nitride; treating the first material with a plasma treatment; and selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selectively depositing comprises atomic layer deposition. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a temperature of a susceptor within the reaction chamber during the step of selectively depositing is between about 100° C. and about 500° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of treating comprises generating a plasma comprising noble gas species and hydrogen species. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the noble gas comprises argon. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein a source gas for the hydrogen species comprises hydrogen. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a plasma for the plasma treatment is formed using a noble gas and a gas comprising hydrogen and wherein a ratio of the noble gas to gas comprising hydrogen ranges from about 0.1:1 to about 1:0.1. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of densifying the layer comprising silicon nitride. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of densifying comprises exposing the layer comprising silicon nitride to a plasma comprising one or more noble gases. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of densifying comprises exposing the layer comprising silicon nitride to a plasma comprising helium. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a ratio of argon to helium is between about 0.1:0.9 and about 0.9:0.1. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises an oxide selected from the group consisting of a Group IV oxide and a metal oxide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises a nitride selected from the group consisting of a Group IV nitride and a metal nitride. 14. A structure formed according to the method of claim 1. 15. The structure of claim 14 comprising a self-aligned contact nitride. 16. The structure of claim 15 comprising the layer comprising silicon nitride overlying and in contact with the self-aligned contact nitride. 17. A method of forming a structure, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate within a reaction chamber, the substrate comprising a surface comprising a first material and a second material, the first material comprising an oxide and the second material comprising a nitride; treating the first material with a plasma treatment formed using a noble gas and a gas comprising hydrogen; selectively depositing a layer comprising silicon nitride on the second material relative to the first material; and densifying the layer comprising silicon nitride. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of selectively depositing comprises atomic layer deposition. 19. A structure formed according to the method of claim 17. 20. The structure of claim 19 comprising a self-aligned contact nitride. | 2,800 |
341,645 | 16,801,980 | 3,763 | A mechanical subcooling system operatively connectable to a transcritical R-744 refrigeration system resulting in an energy efficiency ratio of a level comparable to that of refrigeration systems using common refrigerants. Mechanical subcooling increases the refrigeration capacity without increasing the power consumption of the refrigeration system's compressors. The compressors used to provide the refrigeration capacity for the subcooling process operate at much more favorable conditions, thus having a very high energy efficiency ratio. The result is higher refrigeration capacity and lower power consumption. | 1. A transcritical R-744 refrigeration system having at least one first compressor (1) for compressing R-744 vapors directed to a cooler (11) operatively connected to a throttling device (16), for reducing the pressure and temperature of the R-744 vapors to a level required for the normal operation of the R-744 refrigeration system, through a first heat exchanger (12), the first heat exchanger (12) being operatively connected to the at least one first compressor (1) to provide the R-744 vapors to the at least one first compressor (1) and to receive compressed R-744 vapors from the at least one first compressor (1), a by-pass valve (15) for maintaining a required flow of R-744 vapors through the first heat exchanger (12), a first receiver (17) for receiving a R-744 mix of vapour and liquid from the throttling device (16), and the transcritical R-744 refrigeration system comprising and being operatively connectable to a mechanical subcooling system (62) comprising:
a second heat exchanger (3) operatively connected between the first heat exchanger (12) and the first receiver (17) for subcooling the R-744 exiting the cooler (11); a first pressure regulating valve or flash gas by-pass valve (37) for feeding R-744 vapors from the first receiver (17) to the at least one first compressor (1); and at least one second compressor (2) for mechanically subcooling of R-744 vapors leaving the cooler (11) through the second heat exchanger (3). 2. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising a second pressure regulating valve (6) operatively connected between the at least one second compressor (2) and a condenser (49). 3. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further including a third heat exchanger (5) operatively connected between the at least one second compressor (2) and a condenser (49) for transferring heat to a circulation system to be used during warm periods for dehumidification purposes. 4. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 3, further comprising a second pressure regulating device (6) operatively connected between the third heat exchanger (5) and the condenser (49). 5. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first motorized valve (9) operatively connected between the second heat exchanger (3) and the at least one second compressor (2). 6. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 5, wherein when subcooling is required, the first motorized valve (9) is open. 7. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 5, further comprising:
a first expansion valve (8) operatively connected between a second receiver (51) and the second heat exchanger (3). 8. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 7, wherein when subcooling is not required, the first expansion valve (8) and the first motorized valve (9) are closed. 9. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 8, further comprising a second throttling device (6A) operatively connected between the second receiver (51) and a gas cooler (49), wherein the subcooling system (62) uses R-744 as its refrigerant. | A mechanical subcooling system operatively connectable to a transcritical R-744 refrigeration system resulting in an energy efficiency ratio of a level comparable to that of refrigeration systems using common refrigerants. Mechanical subcooling increases the refrigeration capacity without increasing the power consumption of the refrigeration system's compressors. The compressors used to provide the refrigeration capacity for the subcooling process operate at much more favorable conditions, thus having a very high energy efficiency ratio. The result is higher refrigeration capacity and lower power consumption.1. A transcritical R-744 refrigeration system having at least one first compressor (1) for compressing R-744 vapors directed to a cooler (11) operatively connected to a throttling device (16), for reducing the pressure and temperature of the R-744 vapors to a level required for the normal operation of the R-744 refrigeration system, through a first heat exchanger (12), the first heat exchanger (12) being operatively connected to the at least one first compressor (1) to provide the R-744 vapors to the at least one first compressor (1) and to receive compressed R-744 vapors from the at least one first compressor (1), a by-pass valve (15) for maintaining a required flow of R-744 vapors through the first heat exchanger (12), a first receiver (17) for receiving a R-744 mix of vapour and liquid from the throttling device (16), and the transcritical R-744 refrigeration system comprising and being operatively connectable to a mechanical subcooling system (62) comprising:
a second heat exchanger (3) operatively connected between the first heat exchanger (12) and the first receiver (17) for subcooling the R-744 exiting the cooler (11); a first pressure regulating valve or flash gas by-pass valve (37) for feeding R-744 vapors from the first receiver (17) to the at least one first compressor (1); and at least one second compressor (2) for mechanically subcooling of R-744 vapors leaving the cooler (11) through the second heat exchanger (3). 2. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising a second pressure regulating valve (6) operatively connected between the at least one second compressor (2) and a condenser (49). 3. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further including a third heat exchanger (5) operatively connected between the at least one second compressor (2) and a condenser (49) for transferring heat to a circulation system to be used during warm periods for dehumidification purposes. 4. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 3, further comprising a second pressure regulating device (6) operatively connected between the third heat exchanger (5) and the condenser (49). 5. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first motorized valve (9) operatively connected between the second heat exchanger (3) and the at least one second compressor (2). 6. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 5, wherein when subcooling is required, the first motorized valve (9) is open. 7. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 5, further comprising:
a first expansion valve (8) operatively connected between a second receiver (51) and the second heat exchanger (3). 8. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 7, wherein when subcooling is not required, the first expansion valve (8) and the first motorized valve (9) are closed. 9. The transcritical R-744 refrigeration system of claim 8, further comprising a second throttling device (6A) operatively connected between the second receiver (51) and a gas cooler (49), wherein the subcooling system (62) uses R-744 as its refrigerant. | 3,700 |
341,646 | 16,801,995 | 3,723 | An connection system for removably attaching a cleaning accessory to a handle comprises a handle having a socket and a cleaning element having a connector, wherein different corresponding elements on the socket and connector allow for different ranges of motion between the cleaning element and the handle. The socket is defined by a base and a wall extending from the circumference of the base, the wall defining an interior chamber with an opening opposite the base wherein the interior chamber is configured to receive an connector, a plurality of flexible fingers extending from the top of the wall. The connector is shaped to be received within the interior chamber of the socket. | 1. A connection system for removably attaching a cleaning accessory to a handle, comprising:
a handle having a socket defined by a base and a wall extending from the circumference of the base, the wall defining an interior chamber with an opening opposite the base wherein the interior chamber is configured to receive an connector; a plurality of flexible fingers extending from the top of the wall; a cleaning element having a base and a connector attached to the base, the connector being shaped to be received within the interior chamber of the socket. 2. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the flexible fingers define at least one lock slot configured to engage at least one lock element on the connector. 3. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the socket further comprises a central pin sized to be received within a corresponding opening in the connector. 4. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the interior chamber and the connector are substantially hemispherical. 5. The connection system of claim 3, wherein the flexible fingers define at least one lock slot configured to engage at least one lock element on the connector. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interior chamber and the connector are substantially hemispherical. 7. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the interior chamber of the socket and the connector are substantially spherical. 8. The connection system of claim 2, wherein the interior chamber and connector are substantially hemispherical. | An connection system for removably attaching a cleaning accessory to a handle comprises a handle having a socket and a cleaning element having a connector, wherein different corresponding elements on the socket and connector allow for different ranges of motion between the cleaning element and the handle. The socket is defined by a base and a wall extending from the circumference of the base, the wall defining an interior chamber with an opening opposite the base wherein the interior chamber is configured to receive an connector, a plurality of flexible fingers extending from the top of the wall. The connector is shaped to be received within the interior chamber of the socket.1. A connection system for removably attaching a cleaning accessory to a handle, comprising:
a handle having a socket defined by a base and a wall extending from the circumference of the base, the wall defining an interior chamber with an opening opposite the base wherein the interior chamber is configured to receive an connector; a plurality of flexible fingers extending from the top of the wall; a cleaning element having a base and a connector attached to the base, the connector being shaped to be received within the interior chamber of the socket. 2. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the flexible fingers define at least one lock slot configured to engage at least one lock element on the connector. 3. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the socket further comprises a central pin sized to be received within a corresponding opening in the connector. 4. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the interior chamber and the connector are substantially hemispherical. 5. The connection system of claim 3, wherein the flexible fingers define at least one lock slot configured to engage at least one lock element on the connector. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interior chamber and the connector are substantially hemispherical. 7. The connection system of claim 1, wherein the interior chamber of the socket and the connector are substantially spherical. 8. The connection system of claim 2, wherein the interior chamber and connector are substantially hemispherical. | 3,700 |
341,647 | 16,801,979 | 3,723 | A vibration reduction device includes a bracket configured to be mounted at a gimbal, a counterweight component movably connected to the bracket, and a damping material arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component. The counterweight component and the bracket are configured to move relative to each other when the bracket is subject to vibration, to drive the damping material to flow. | 1. A vibration reduction device comprising:
a bracket configured to be mounted at a gimbal; a counterweight component movably connected to the bracket; and a damping material arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component; wherein the counterweight component and the bracket are configured to move relative to each other when the bracket is subject to vibration, to drive the damping material to flow. 2. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the bracket is configured to be mounted at a yaw axis arm of the gimbal. 3. The vibration reduction device of claim 2, wherein the bracket is configured to be mounted at an end of the yaw axis arm away from a roll axis arm of the gimbal. 4. The vibration reduction device of claim 2, wherein the vibration reduction device is configured to absorb or reduce a vibration of the yaw axis arm. 5. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the damping material includes damping grease. 6. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, further comprising:
a gap maintaining component arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component; wherein:
the bracket includes a first movement plane;
the counterweight component includes a second movement plane; and
the gap maintaining component is configured to allow the first movement plane of the bracket to move relative to the second movement plane of the counterweight component with a pre-set gap. 7. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein the gap maintaining component includes a rolling component or an elastic component. 8. The vibration reduction device of claim 7, wherein the gap maintaining component includes the rolling component at least partially accommodated in a mounting slot at the first movement plane of the bracket or the second movement plane of the counterweight component. 9. The vibration reduction device of claim 7, wherein the rolling component includes at least one of a ball, a needle, or a roller. 10. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein the damping material is between the first movement plane of the bracket and the second movement plane of the counterweight component. 11. The vibration reduction device of claims 10, wherein:
the bracket includes a protrusion; the counterweight component includes a chamber accommodating at least a part of the protrusion; the first movement plane is formed at the protrusion of the bracket; and the second movement plane is formed at an inner wall of the chamber of the counterweight component. 12. The vibration reduction device of claim 11, wherein the counterweight component includes a first counterweight member and a second counterweight member connected to each other to form the chamber. 13. The vibration reduction device of claim 11, wherein the bracket includes a mounting member connected to the protrusion, and the bracket is configured to be mounted at the gimbal through the mounting member. 14. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein:
the bracket includes a receiving chamber configured to receive at least a part of the counterweight component; and the first movement plane is formed at an inner wall of the receiving chamber of the bracket. 15. The vibration reduction device of claim 14, wherein the counterweight component is sealed and received in the receiving chamber. 16. The vibration reduction device of claim 14, wherein the bracket includes a first cover and a second cover connected to each other to form the receiving chamber. 17. The vibration reduction device of the claim 16, wherein:
the bracket includes a mounting member; the second cover includes a support arm connected to the mounting member; and the bracket is configured to be mounted at the gimbal through the mounting member. 18. The vibration reduction device of claim 17, wherein the bracket further includes a lock member configured to lock the mounting member at the gimbal. 19. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the counterweight component is one of a plurality of counterweight components of the vibration reduction device. 20. The vibration reduction device of claim 19, wherein the plurality of counterweight components are symmetrically distributed and movably connected to the bracket. | A vibration reduction device includes a bracket configured to be mounted at a gimbal, a counterweight component movably connected to the bracket, and a damping material arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component. The counterweight component and the bracket are configured to move relative to each other when the bracket is subject to vibration, to drive the damping material to flow.1. A vibration reduction device comprising:
a bracket configured to be mounted at a gimbal; a counterweight component movably connected to the bracket; and a damping material arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component; wherein the counterweight component and the bracket are configured to move relative to each other when the bracket is subject to vibration, to drive the damping material to flow. 2. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the bracket is configured to be mounted at a yaw axis arm of the gimbal. 3. The vibration reduction device of claim 2, wherein the bracket is configured to be mounted at an end of the yaw axis arm away from a roll axis arm of the gimbal. 4. The vibration reduction device of claim 2, wherein the vibration reduction device is configured to absorb or reduce a vibration of the yaw axis arm. 5. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the damping material includes damping grease. 6. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, further comprising:
a gap maintaining component arranged between the bracket and the counterweight component; wherein:
the bracket includes a first movement plane;
the counterweight component includes a second movement plane; and
the gap maintaining component is configured to allow the first movement plane of the bracket to move relative to the second movement plane of the counterweight component with a pre-set gap. 7. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein the gap maintaining component includes a rolling component or an elastic component. 8. The vibration reduction device of claim 7, wherein the gap maintaining component includes the rolling component at least partially accommodated in a mounting slot at the first movement plane of the bracket or the second movement plane of the counterweight component. 9. The vibration reduction device of claim 7, wherein the rolling component includes at least one of a ball, a needle, or a roller. 10. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein the damping material is between the first movement plane of the bracket and the second movement plane of the counterweight component. 11. The vibration reduction device of claims 10, wherein:
the bracket includes a protrusion; the counterweight component includes a chamber accommodating at least a part of the protrusion; the first movement plane is formed at the protrusion of the bracket; and the second movement plane is formed at an inner wall of the chamber of the counterweight component. 12. The vibration reduction device of claim 11, wherein the counterweight component includes a first counterweight member and a second counterweight member connected to each other to form the chamber. 13. The vibration reduction device of claim 11, wherein the bracket includes a mounting member connected to the protrusion, and the bracket is configured to be mounted at the gimbal through the mounting member. 14. The vibration reduction device of claim 6, wherein:
the bracket includes a receiving chamber configured to receive at least a part of the counterweight component; and the first movement plane is formed at an inner wall of the receiving chamber of the bracket. 15. The vibration reduction device of claim 14, wherein the counterweight component is sealed and received in the receiving chamber. 16. The vibration reduction device of claim 14, wherein the bracket includes a first cover and a second cover connected to each other to form the receiving chamber. 17. The vibration reduction device of the claim 16, wherein:
the bracket includes a mounting member; the second cover includes a support arm connected to the mounting member; and the bracket is configured to be mounted at the gimbal through the mounting member. 18. The vibration reduction device of claim 17, wherein the bracket further includes a lock member configured to lock the mounting member at the gimbal. 19. The vibration reduction device of claim 1, wherein the counterweight component is one of a plurality of counterweight components of the vibration reduction device. 20. The vibration reduction device of claim 19, wherein the plurality of counterweight components are symmetrically distributed and movably connected to the bracket. | 3,700 |
341,648 | 16,801,983 | 3,612 | A temporary stabilizer system allows a spoiler or wing to be removably attached to a car or some other vehicle. The stabilizer then generates downforce relative to the velocity of the air passing around it to hold the car to the ground and increase the control thereof. The stabilizer is attached by suction cups or by an artificial suction force. | 1. A temporary stabilizer system comprising:
at least one aerodynamic body attached to at least one suction device via at least one support; wherein the suction devices adhere the at least one aerodynamic body to a vehicle; wherein the aerodynamic body creates downforce via the fluid passing thereabout. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one aerodynamic body is attached to the vehicle by a machine created vacuum or force. 3. A method of stabilizing a vehicle, comprising:
selecting a wing to attach to a car; attaching the wind through suction force; driving the car; allowing the wind to stabilize the car; stopping the car; and releasing the suction to remove the wing from the car. | A temporary stabilizer system allows a spoiler or wing to be removably attached to a car or some other vehicle. The stabilizer then generates downforce relative to the velocity of the air passing around it to hold the car to the ground and increase the control thereof. The stabilizer is attached by suction cups or by an artificial suction force.1. A temporary stabilizer system comprising:
at least one aerodynamic body attached to at least one suction device via at least one support; wherein the suction devices adhere the at least one aerodynamic body to a vehicle; wherein the aerodynamic body creates downforce via the fluid passing thereabout. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one aerodynamic body is attached to the vehicle by a machine created vacuum or force. 3. A method of stabilizing a vehicle, comprising:
selecting a wing to attach to a car; attaching the wind through suction force; driving the car; allowing the wind to stabilize the car; stopping the car; and releasing the suction to remove the wing from the car. | 3,600 |
341,649 | 16,801,978 | 3,612 | Various embodiments to mitigate the contamination of electroplated cobalt-platinum films on substrates are described. In one embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device includes depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate, depositing a seed layer upon the diffusion barrier, and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer. In a second embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device may include depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier. In a third embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device may include depositing an adhesion layer over a substrate, depositing a seed layer upon the adhesion layer, and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer over the seed layer. Based in part on these methods of manufacture, improvements in the interfaces between the layers can be achieved after annealing with substantial improvements in the magnetic properties of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer. | 1. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate; depositing a seed layer upon the diffusion barrier, wherein the seed layer comprises at least one of platinum, cobalt, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, or iridium; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer. 2. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, further comprising, before depositing the diffusion barrier, depositing an adhesion layer upon the substrate through a physical vapor deposition process in an atmosphere of nitrogen. 3. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of 100, 110, or 111-oriented single crystal silicon. 4. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of single crystal silicon, silicon compound, polycrystalline silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride. 5. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of germanium, gallium arsenide, quartz, or ceramic compound. 6. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein depositing the diffusion barrier comprises depositing the diffusion barrier through a physical vapor deposition process. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises at least one of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, indium oxide, nickel, tantalum, halfnium, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, or tungsten. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer at a thickness of less than about three microns. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises a face-centered tetragonal structure. 11. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises at least one of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, indium oxide, nickel, tantalum, halfnium, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, or tungsten. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier at a thickness of less than about three microns. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 15. The method of manufacture according to claim 11, wherein depositing the diffusion barrier comprises depositing the diffusion barrier through a physical vapor deposition process. 16. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing an adhesion layer over a substrate, wherein the adhesion layer comprises titanium; depositing a seed layer upon the adhesion layer, wherein the seed layer comprises at least one of platinum, cobalt, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, or iridium; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer over the seed layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer at a thickness of less than about three microns. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the adhesion layer is deposited over the substrate through a physical vapor deposition process in an atmosphere of nitrogen. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising, before depositing the adhesion layer, depositing a diffusion barrier over the substrate. | Various embodiments to mitigate the contamination of electroplated cobalt-platinum films on substrates are described. In one embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device includes depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate, depositing a seed layer upon the diffusion barrier, and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer. In a second embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device may include depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier. In a third embodiment, a method of manufacture of a device may include depositing an adhesion layer over a substrate, depositing a seed layer upon the adhesion layer, and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer over the seed layer. Based in part on these methods of manufacture, improvements in the interfaces between the layers can be achieved after annealing with substantial improvements in the magnetic properties of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer.1. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate; depositing a seed layer upon the diffusion barrier, wherein the seed layer comprises at least one of platinum, cobalt, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, or iridium; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer. 2. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, further comprising, before depositing the diffusion barrier, depositing an adhesion layer upon the substrate through a physical vapor deposition process in an atmosphere of nitrogen. 3. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of 100, 110, or 111-oriented single crystal silicon. 4. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of single crystal silicon, silicon compound, polycrystalline silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride. 5. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of germanium, gallium arsenide, quartz, or ceramic compound. 6. The method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein depositing the diffusion barrier comprises depositing the diffusion barrier through a physical vapor deposition process. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises at least one of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, indium oxide, nickel, tantalum, halfnium, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, or tungsten. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer at a thickness of less than about three microns. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises a face-centered tetragonal structure. 11. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing a diffusion barrier over a substrate; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the diffusion barrier comprises at least one of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, indium oxide, nickel, tantalum, halfnium, niobium, zirconium, vanadium, or tungsten. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the diffusion barrier at a thickness of less than about three microns. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 15. The method of manufacture according to claim 11, wherein depositing the diffusion barrier comprises depositing the diffusion barrier through a physical vapor deposition process. 16. A method of manufacture of a device including a magnetic layer, comprising:
depositing an adhesion layer over a substrate, wherein the adhesion layer comprises titanium; depositing a seed layer upon the adhesion layer, wherein the seed layer comprises at least one of platinum, cobalt, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, or iridium; and depositing a cobalt-platinum magnetic layer over the seed layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein depositing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer comprises electroplating the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer upon the seed layer at a thickness of less than about three microns. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising annealing the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer to induce a crystallographic ordering of the cobalt-platinum magnetic layer from a disordered phase to an ordered equilibrium phase. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the adhesion layer is deposited over the substrate through a physical vapor deposition process in an atmosphere of nitrogen. 20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising, before depositing the adhesion layer, depositing a diffusion barrier over the substrate. | 3,600 |
341,650 | 16,801,977 | 3,612 | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion having a first pivot portion and a second pivot portion, a linkage assembly including a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft, a moving portion, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, and a driving assembly. An end of the first connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the first pivot portion via a first pivot. An end of the second connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the second pivot portion via a second pivot. The moving portion has a third pivot portion pivotally connected to the first connecting shaft via a third pivot and a fourth pivot portion pivotally connected to the second connecting shaft via a fourth pivot. The driving assembly is disposed on either the first connecting shaft or the second connecting shaft and drives one of the first to fourth pivots to drive the linkage assembly to pivot. | 1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle and has a first pivot portion and a second pivot portion; a linkage assembly comprising a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft, wherein an end of the first connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the first pivot portion via a first pivot, and an end of the second connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the second pivot portion via a second pivot; a moving portion having a third pivot portion and a fourth pivot portion, wherein the third pivot portion is pivotally connected to the first connecting shaft via a third pivot, and the fourth pivot portion is pivotally connected to the second connecting shaft via a fourth pivot; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft, wherein the driving assembly comprises a motor and a driving gear assembly; an output shaft of the motor is connected to the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is adapted to drive one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot to drive the linkage assembly to pivot, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the driving assembly is disposed on the first connecting shaft. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the first pivot. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the third pivot. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the driving assembly is disposed on the second connecting shaft. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the second pivot. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the fourth pivot. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 1, further comprising a fixing member, wherein a positioning hole is disposed on one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot which is connected to the driving gear assembly; another positioning hole is disposed on one of the first pivot portion, the second pivot portion, the third pivot portion, and the fourth pivot portion which is connected to one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot; the fixing member passes through the positioning hole and the another positioning hole to fix a relative position between the positioning hole and the another positioning hole. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a motor bracket disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft; the motor is disposed on the motor bracket. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the motor bracket and one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft which provides with the motor bracket are integrally formed as a monolithic unit. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein a magnet is disposed on an end of one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot which provides with the fixing member away from the fixing member; a magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft which provides with the motor bracket at where the magnet corresponds to. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed in the case. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the case has a receiving slot; the driving assembly comprises a circuit board disposed in the receiving slot; the magnetic sensor is electrically connected to the circuit board. 14. The rear derailleur of claim 13, wherein the case comprises a case body and a cover; the case body has the receiving slot; the cover is engaged with the case body and close an opening of the receiving slot. 15. The rear derailleur of claim 14, wherein a top portion of the case body has an extending portion extending to be above the magnet; the magnetic sensor is located above the extending portion; the cover covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 16. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. 17. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein a clutch assembly is disposed on one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot, and comprises a first clutch member and a second clutch member which is abutted against the first clutch member in an axial direction of the clutch assembly; the first clutch member has a plurality of first clutch teeth extending toward the second clutch member; the second clutch member has a plurality of second clutch teeth extending toward the first clutch member; the second clutch teeth is meshed with the first clutch teeth. | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion having a first pivot portion and a second pivot portion, a linkage assembly including a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft, a moving portion, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, and a driving assembly. An end of the first connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the first pivot portion via a first pivot. An end of the second connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the second pivot portion via a second pivot. The moving portion has a third pivot portion pivotally connected to the first connecting shaft via a third pivot and a fourth pivot portion pivotally connected to the second connecting shaft via a fourth pivot. The driving assembly is disposed on either the first connecting shaft or the second connecting shaft and drives one of the first to fourth pivots to drive the linkage assembly to pivot.1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle and has a first pivot portion and a second pivot portion; a linkage assembly comprising a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft, wherein an end of the first connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the first pivot portion via a first pivot, and an end of the second connecting shaft is pivotally connected to the second pivot portion via a second pivot; a moving portion having a third pivot portion and a fourth pivot portion, wherein the third pivot portion is pivotally connected to the first connecting shaft via a third pivot, and the fourth pivot portion is pivotally connected to the second connecting shaft via a fourth pivot; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft, wherein the driving assembly comprises a motor and a driving gear assembly; an output shaft of the motor is connected to the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is adapted to drive one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot to drive the linkage assembly to pivot, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the driving assembly is disposed on the first connecting shaft. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the first pivot. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the third pivot. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the driving assembly is disposed on the second connecting shaft. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the second pivot. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the driving gear assembly is connected to the fourth pivot. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 1, further comprising a fixing member, wherein a positioning hole is disposed on one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot which is connected to the driving gear assembly; another positioning hole is disposed on one of the first pivot portion, the second pivot portion, the third pivot portion, and the fourth pivot portion which is connected to one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot; the fixing member passes through the positioning hole and the another positioning hole to fix a relative position between the positioning hole and the another positioning hole. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a motor bracket disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft; the motor is disposed on the motor bracket. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the motor bracket and one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft which provides with the motor bracket are integrally formed as a monolithic unit. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein a magnet is disposed on an end of one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot which provides with the fixing member away from the fixing member; a magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the first connecting shaft and the second connecting shaft which provides with the motor bracket at where the magnet corresponds to. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed in the case. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the case has a receiving slot; the driving assembly comprises a circuit board disposed in the receiving slot; the magnetic sensor is electrically connected to the circuit board. 14. The rear derailleur of claim 13, wherein the case comprises a case body and a cover; the case body has the receiving slot; the cover is engaged with the case body and close an opening of the receiving slot. 15. The rear derailleur of claim 14, wherein a top portion of the case body has an extending portion extending to be above the magnet; the magnetic sensor is located above the extending portion; the cover covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 16. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. 17. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein a clutch assembly is disposed on one of the first pivot, the second pivot, the third pivot, and the fourth pivot, and comprises a first clutch member and a second clutch member which is abutted against the first clutch member in an axial direction of the clutch assembly; the first clutch member has a plurality of first clutch teeth extending toward the second clutch member; the second clutch member has a plurality of second clutch teeth extending toward the first clutch member; the second clutch teeth is meshed with the first clutch teeth. | 3,600 |
341,651 | 16,802,000 | 3,612 | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion, a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, a driving assembly, a rechargeable battery for providing an electrical energy required for the motor, a coil, and a wireless charging circuit for receiving an electric power of the coil for charging the rechargeable battery. The driving assembly includes a motor including and a driving gear assembly connected to the linkage assembly. The motor includes an output shaft for driving the driving gear assembly and for driving the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. The coil receives an external charging power and is disposed on the fixing portion, the moving portion, or the linkage assembly. | 1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor and a driving gear assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the linkage assembly; the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; at least one rechargeable battery adapted to provide an electrical energy required for the motor; a coil and a wireless charging circuit, wherein the coil is adapted to receive an external charging power and is disposed on one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly; the wireless charging circuit is electrically connected to the coil and the at least one rechargeable battery and is adapted to receive an electric power of the coil for charging the at least one rechargeable battery. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the coil has a receiving surface for receiving the external charging power and faces an outside direction of one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the fixing portion, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the fixing portion. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the fixing portion, and the outside direction is a direction away from one of the chain guide assembly and the linkage assembly. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the fixing portion has a housing, and the coil is disposed in the housing. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the moving portion, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the moving portion. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the moving portion, and the outside direction is a direction away from one of the chain guide assembly and the linkage assembly. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the moving portion has a housing, and the coil is disposed in the housing. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the linkage assembly, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the linkage assembly. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the linkage assembly, and the outside direction is a direction away from the chain guide assembly. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly has a case, and the coil is disposed in the case. | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion, a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, a driving assembly, a rechargeable battery for providing an electrical energy required for the motor, a coil, and a wireless charging circuit for receiving an electric power of the coil for charging the rechargeable battery. The driving assembly includes a motor including and a driving gear assembly connected to the linkage assembly. The motor includes an output shaft for driving the driving gear assembly and for driving the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move. The coil receives an external charging power and is disposed on the fixing portion, the moving portion, or the linkage assembly.1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor and a driving gear assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the linkage assembly; the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; at least one rechargeable battery adapted to provide an electrical energy required for the motor; a coil and a wireless charging circuit, wherein the coil is adapted to receive an external charging power and is disposed on one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly; the wireless charging circuit is electrically connected to the coil and the at least one rechargeable battery and is adapted to receive an electric power of the coil for charging the at least one rechargeable battery. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the coil has a receiving surface for receiving the external charging power and faces an outside direction of one of the fixing portion, the moving portion, and the linkage assembly. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the fixing portion, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the fixing portion. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the fixing portion, and the outside direction is a direction away from one of the chain guide assembly and the linkage assembly. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the fixing portion has a housing, and the coil is disposed in the housing. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the moving portion, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the moving portion. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the moving portion, and the outside direction is a direction away from one of the chain guide assembly and the linkage assembly. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the moving portion has a housing, and the coil is disposed in the housing. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the linkage assembly, and the outside direction is one of an upward direction and a downward direction of the linkage assembly. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the coil is disposed on the linkage assembly, and the outside direction is a direction away from the chain guide assembly. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly has a case, and the coil is disposed in the case. | 3,600 |
341,652 | 16,801,989 | 3,612 | A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited. | 1. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
sulfonating a particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and then introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent at or above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container, the thermoplastic polymer includes a polystyrene or a high impact polystyrene; and producing at least one flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, and (b) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring, a double bond, or both. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing the particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of reducing the moisture content of the particulate thermoplastic polymer from more than 3.5 wt % to 3.5 wt % or less prior to the step of providing the particulate thermoplastic polymer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein sulfonation is performed so that an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant becomes from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonate group or the sulfonate base is, or both are, bonded more in the flame retardant factor layer than in the internal layer. 7. The method of claim 1, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the polystyrene. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the high impact polystyrene. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic includes both the polystyrene and the high impact polystyrene. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polymer material has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverizing uses frost shattering using liquid nitrogen. 16. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing a particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt % or less, the particulate thermoplastic polymer including a polystyrene or a high-impact polystyrene; sulfonating the particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first subjecting the particulate thermoplastic polymer to evaporation at 60 degrees Celsius while the particulate thermoplastic polymer is imparted with kinetic energy to become fluidized, second deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and third introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent preheated to at above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container; and producing a flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, (b) an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant of from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive, and (c) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring and a double bond. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the polystyrene. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the high impact polystyrene. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes a combination of the polystyrene and the high impact polystyrene. 21. The method of claim 16, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. | A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited.1. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
sulfonating a particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and then introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent at or above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container, the thermoplastic polymer includes a polystyrene or a high impact polystyrene; and producing at least one flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, and (b) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring, a double bond, or both. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing the particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of reducing the moisture content of the particulate thermoplastic polymer from more than 3.5 wt % to 3.5 wt % or less prior to the step of providing the particulate thermoplastic polymer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein sulfonation is performed so that an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant becomes from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonate group or the sulfonate base is, or both are, bonded more in the flame retardant factor layer than in the internal layer. 7. The method of claim 1, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the polystyrene. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the high impact polystyrene. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic includes both the polystyrene and the high impact polystyrene. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polymer material has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverizing uses frost shattering using liquid nitrogen. 16. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing a particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt % or less, the particulate thermoplastic polymer including a polystyrene or a high-impact polystyrene; sulfonating the particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first subjecting the particulate thermoplastic polymer to evaporation at 60 degrees Celsius while the particulate thermoplastic polymer is imparted with kinetic energy to become fluidized, second deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and third introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent preheated to at above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container; and producing a flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, (b) an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant of from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive, and (c) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring and a double bond. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the polystyrene. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer is the high impact polystyrene. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes a combination of the polystyrene and the high impact polystyrene. 21. The method of claim 16, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. | 3,600 |
341,653 | 16,802,009 | 3,612 | An inlet duct of an exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant. The inlet duct includes a shell body that has a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side. The inlet duct also includes a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough, and a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side. The scooped member has a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. | 1. An inlet duct of an exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant, comprising:
a shell body comprising a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side; a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough; and a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side, the scooped member comprising a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 2. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the scooped member twists the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant as the exhaust fluid and reductant exit the fluid passage of the chamber through the second opening such that a mixing volume and a time during which the fluid flow is turbulent increases. 3. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the scooped member comprises an arcuate portion with an inner surface for engaging with and twisting the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 4. The inlet duct of claim 1, further comprising an end plate connected to the second end such that the second end is closed. 5. The inlet duct of claim 4, wherein the scooped member is located adjacent to the second end such that the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant first engage with the end plate and subsequently engage with the scooped member and exit through the second opening of the scooped member. 6. The inlet duct of claim 4, wherein the end plate comprises a teardrop cross-sectional shape. 7. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the second opening is perpendicular to the first opening. 8. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the first opening has a circular cross-section and the second opening has a rectangular cross-section. 9. The inlet duct of claim 1, further comprising a lip connected to the first end. 10. An exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant, comprising:
an exhaust duct; and an inlet duct connected to the exhaust duct, and comprising:
a shell body comprising a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side;
a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough; and
a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side, the scooped member comprising a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 11. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the scooped member twists the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant as the exhaust fluid and reductant exit the fluid passage of the chamber through the second opening such that a mixing volume and a time during which the fluid flow is turbulent increases. 12. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the scooped member comprises an arcuate portion with an inner surface for engaging with and twisting the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 13. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising an end plate connected to the second end such that the second end is closed. 14. The exhaust system of claim 13, wherein the scooped member is located adjacent to the second end such that the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant first engage with the end plate and subsequently engage with the scooped member and exit through the second opening of the scooped member. 15. The exhaust system of claim 13, wherein the end plate comprises a teardrop cross-sectional shape. 16. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the second opening is perpendicular to the first opening. 17. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the first opening has a circular cross-section and the second opening has a rectangular cross-section. 18. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising a lip connected to the first end. 19. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) canister connected to the inlet duct, and the inlet duct is upstream of at least one monolith of the SCR canister. 20. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the reductant is urea, and the urea is injected into the exhaust fluid upstream of the inlet duct so that the inlet duct further mixes the exhaust fluid with the urea by turbulating the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. | An inlet duct of an exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant. The inlet duct includes a shell body that has a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side. The inlet duct also includes a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough, and a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side. The scooped member has a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant.1. An inlet duct of an exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant, comprising:
a shell body comprising a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side; a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough; and a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side, the scooped member comprising a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 2. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the scooped member twists the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant as the exhaust fluid and reductant exit the fluid passage of the chamber through the second opening such that a mixing volume and a time during which the fluid flow is turbulent increases. 3. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the scooped member comprises an arcuate portion with an inner surface for engaging with and twisting the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 4. The inlet duct of claim 1, further comprising an end plate connected to the second end such that the second end is closed. 5. The inlet duct of claim 4, wherein the scooped member is located adjacent to the second end such that the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant first engage with the end plate and subsequently engage with the scooped member and exit through the second opening of the scooped member. 6. The inlet duct of claim 4, wherein the end plate comprises a teardrop cross-sectional shape. 7. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the second opening is perpendicular to the first opening. 8. The inlet duct of claim 1, wherein the first opening has a circular cross-section and the second opening has a rectangular cross-section. 9. The inlet duct of claim 1, further comprising a lip connected to the first end. 10. An exhaust system for treating an exhaust fluid with a reductant, comprising:
an exhaust duct; and an inlet duct connected to the exhaust duct, and comprising:
a shell body comprising a first end with a first opening therein for receiving an exhaust duct, a second end, and a side;
a chamber internally disposed within the shell body and defining a fluid passageway therethrough; and
a scooped member connected to and extending outwardly from the side, the scooped member comprising a second opening, and the scooped member is configured for causing a turbulent fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 11. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the scooped member twists the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant as the exhaust fluid and reductant exit the fluid passage of the chamber through the second opening such that a mixing volume and a time during which the fluid flow is turbulent increases. 12. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the scooped member comprises an arcuate portion with an inner surface for engaging with and twisting the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. 13. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising an end plate connected to the second end such that the second end is closed. 14. The exhaust system of claim 13, wherein the scooped member is located adjacent to the second end such that the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant first engage with the end plate and subsequently engage with the scooped member and exit through the second opening of the scooped member. 15. The exhaust system of claim 13, wherein the end plate comprises a teardrop cross-sectional shape. 16. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the second opening is perpendicular to the first opening. 17. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the first opening has a circular cross-section and the second opening has a rectangular cross-section. 18. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising a lip connected to the first end. 19. The exhaust system of claim 10, further comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) canister connected to the inlet duct, and the inlet duct is upstream of at least one monolith of the SCR canister. 20. The exhaust system of claim 10, wherein the reductant is urea, and the urea is injected into the exhaust fluid upstream of the inlet duct so that the inlet duct further mixes the exhaust fluid with the urea by turbulating the fluid flow of the exhaust fluid and the reductant. | 3,600 |
341,654 | 16,801,990 | 3,612 | A memory device includes a first dynamic random access memory (DRAM) integrated circuit (IC) chip including first memory core circuitry, and first input/output (I/O) circuitry. A second DRAM IC chip is stacked vertically with the first DRAM IC chip. The second DRAM IC chip includes second memory core circuitry, and second I/O circuitry. Solely one of the first DRAM IC chip or the second DRAM IC chip includes a conductive path that electrically couples at least one of the first memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to solely one of the first I/O circuitry or the second I/O circuitry, respectively. | 1. (canceled) 2. A memory device comprising:
a first integrated circuit (IC) memory chip including
first memory core circuitry,
a first interface circuit,
a second IC memory chip vertically stacked with the first IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip including
second memory core circuitry,
a second interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller, the second interface circuit shared between the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip, and
a selector circuit coupled to the second interface circuit, the selector circuit to utilize the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to selectively couple the first memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit. 3. The memory device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a through-silicon-via coupling the selector circuit of the second IC memory chip to the first memory core circuitry of the first IC memory chip. 4. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein for a first mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the presence of the conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to transfer data between the first memory core circuitry and the second interface circuit. 5. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein for a second mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the absence of the conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to not transfer data between the first memory core circuitry and the second interface circuit. 6. The memory device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a multiplexer circuit formed in the second IC memory chip, the multiplexer circuit including
multiple inputs coupled to multiple bit lines of the second memory core circuitry; and
a single output connected to an input of the selector circuit. 7. The memory device according to claim 2, embodied as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory device. 8. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein:
the selector circuit is coupled to the second interface circuit such that during a given period of operation, the selector circuit selectively couples one of the first memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit at different time intervals in the given period of operation. 9. An integrated circuit (IC) memory chip, comprising:
memory core circuitry; an interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller, the interface circuit for shared operation between the IC memory chip and a second IC memory chip; and a selector circuit coupled to the interface circuit, the selector circuit to utilize the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to selectively couple the interface circuit to second memory core circuitry of the second IC memory chip. 10. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, further comprising:
a through-silicon-via for coupling the selector circuit to the second memory core circuitry of the second IC memory chip. 11. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein for a first mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the presence of the conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to transfer data between the second memory core circuitry and the interface circuit. 12. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein for a second mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the absence of the conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to not transfer data between the second memory core circuitry and the interface circuit. 13. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, further comprising:
a multiplexer circuit, the multiplexer circuit including
multiple inputs coupled to multiple bit lines of the memory core circuitry; and
a single output connected to the selector circuit. 14. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein:
the selector circuit is coupled to the interface circuit such that during a given period of operation, the selector circuit selectively couples one of the memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to the interface circuit at different time intervals in the given period of operation. 15. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, embodied as an IC dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory chip. 16. A method of operation in a memory device, comprising:
configuring a first integrated circuit (IC) memory chip, the first IC memory chip including first memory core circuitry and a first interface circuit; configuring a second IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip vertically stacked with the first IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip including second memory core circuitry, and a second interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller; and selectively coupling the first memory core circuitry and the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit based on the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the selectively coupling comprises:
selectively coupling one of the first memory core circuitry and the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit at different time intervals during a given period of operation. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the selectively coupling comprises:
sharing the second interface circuit with both the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
transferring data between the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip using a through-silicon via. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
routing read data from multiple bitlines associated with the first memory core circuitry to the through-silicon via using a multiplexer circuit. 21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing read and write operations in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. | A memory device includes a first dynamic random access memory (DRAM) integrated circuit (IC) chip including first memory core circuitry, and first input/output (I/O) circuitry. A second DRAM IC chip is stacked vertically with the first DRAM IC chip. The second DRAM IC chip includes second memory core circuitry, and second I/O circuitry. Solely one of the first DRAM IC chip or the second DRAM IC chip includes a conductive path that electrically couples at least one of the first memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to solely one of the first I/O circuitry or the second I/O circuitry, respectively.1. (canceled) 2. A memory device comprising:
a first integrated circuit (IC) memory chip including
first memory core circuitry,
a first interface circuit,
a second IC memory chip vertically stacked with the first IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip including
second memory core circuitry,
a second interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller, the second interface circuit shared between the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip, and
a selector circuit coupled to the second interface circuit, the selector circuit to utilize the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to selectively couple the first memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit. 3. The memory device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a through-silicon-via coupling the selector circuit of the second IC memory chip to the first memory core circuitry of the first IC memory chip. 4. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein for a first mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the presence of the conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to transfer data between the first memory core circuitry and the second interface circuit. 5. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein for a second mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the absence of the conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit to not transfer data between the first memory core circuitry and the second interface circuit. 6. The memory device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a multiplexer circuit formed in the second IC memory chip, the multiplexer circuit including
multiple inputs coupled to multiple bit lines of the second memory core circuitry; and
a single output connected to an input of the selector circuit. 7. The memory device according to claim 2, embodied as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory device. 8. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein:
the selector circuit is coupled to the second interface circuit such that during a given period of operation, the selector circuit selectively couples one of the first memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit at different time intervals in the given period of operation. 9. An integrated circuit (IC) memory chip, comprising:
memory core circuitry; an interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller, the interface circuit for shared operation between the IC memory chip and a second IC memory chip; and a selector circuit coupled to the interface circuit, the selector circuit to utilize the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to selectively couple the interface circuit to second memory core circuitry of the second IC memory chip. 10. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, further comprising:
a through-silicon-via for coupling the selector circuit to the second memory core circuitry of the second IC memory chip. 11. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein for a first mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the presence of the conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to transfer data between the second memory core circuitry and the interface circuit. 12. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein for a second mode of operation, the selector circuit utilizes the absence of the conductive path coupling the memory core circuitry to the interface circuit to not transfer data between the second memory core circuitry and the interface circuit. 13. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, further comprising:
a multiplexer circuit, the multiplexer circuit including
multiple inputs coupled to multiple bit lines of the memory core circuitry; and
a single output connected to the selector circuit. 14. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, wherein:
the selector circuit is coupled to the interface circuit such that during a given period of operation, the selector circuit selectively couples one of the memory core circuitry or the second memory core circuitry to the interface circuit at different time intervals in the given period of operation. 15. The IC memory chip according to claim 9, embodied as an IC dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory chip. 16. A method of operation in a memory device, comprising:
configuring a first integrated circuit (IC) memory chip, the first IC memory chip including first memory core circuitry and a first interface circuit; configuring a second IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip vertically stacked with the first IC memory chip, the second IC memory chip including second memory core circuitry, and a second interface circuit for transferring data with a memory controller; and selectively coupling the first memory core circuitry and the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit based on the presence or absence of a conductive path coupling the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the selectively coupling comprises:
selectively coupling one of the first memory core circuitry and the second memory core circuitry to the second interface circuit at different time intervals during a given period of operation. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the selectively coupling comprises:
sharing the second interface circuit with both the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip. 19. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
transferring data between the first IC memory chip and the second IC memory chip using a through-silicon via. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
routing read data from multiple bitlines associated with the first memory core circuitry to the through-silicon via using a multiplexer circuit. 21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
performing read and write operations in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. | 3,600 |
341,655 | 16,802,008 | 3,612 | An adjustable lift rate system on a grass mowing machine such as a riding greensmower having a lift and lower circuit including a plurality of hydraulic lift cylinders to lift and lower a plurality of cutting units, and a controller providing a current to a proportional solenoid valve to bypass the hydraulic lift cylinders. An operator control may be used to adjust the current to the proportional solenoid valve to adjust the lift and lower rate of the cutting units. | 1. An adjustable lift rate system, comprising:
a riding greensmower having a lift and lower circuit including a plurality of hydraulic lift cylinders to lift and lower a plurality of cutting units; and a controller providing a current to a proportional solenoid valve to bypass the hydraulic lift cylinders; and an operator control on the riding greensmower for adjusting the current to the proportional solenoid valve to adjust a lift rate and a lower rate of the plurality of cutting units. 2. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the current to the proportional solenoid valve increases during the lifting of the plurality of cutting units. 3. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the current to the proportional solenoid valve increases to slow the lift rate of the plurality of cutting units. 4. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the controller provides a constant starting current, a ramp of increasing current, and a constant ending current to the proportional solenoid valve. 5. An adjustable lift rate system comprising:
a lift and lower circuit for raising and lowering a plurality of cutting units of a grass mowing machine; and a controller that controls a rate of raising and lowering the cutting units based on an operator adjustable display, and reduces the rate during the raising and lowering of the plurality of cutting units. 6. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 5 wherein the lift and lower circuit is a hydraulic circuit having a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. 7. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 5 further comprising a proportional solenoid valve that receives an increased current from the controller to reduce the rate during raising of the plurality of cutting units. 8. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 7 wherein the increased current from the controller includes a starting current that is constant, a ramp of increased current, and an ending current that is constant from the controller. 9. An adjustable lift rate system comprising:
a plurality of cutting units, each cutting unit supported by a lift arm that is raised and lowered using a hydraulic cylinder; and a proportional solenoid valve that is operator adjustable to adjust how much hydraulic fluid is diverted from the hydraulic cylinders. 10. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 9 wherein a current to the proportional solenoid valve is operator adjustable and increases as the hydraulic fluid diverted from the hydraulic cylinders increases. 11. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 10 wherein the current increases as the cutting units are raised or lowered. 12. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 11, wherein the starting current is constant, then the current ramps up, and the ending current is constant. | An adjustable lift rate system on a grass mowing machine such as a riding greensmower having a lift and lower circuit including a plurality of hydraulic lift cylinders to lift and lower a plurality of cutting units, and a controller providing a current to a proportional solenoid valve to bypass the hydraulic lift cylinders. An operator control may be used to adjust the current to the proportional solenoid valve to adjust the lift and lower rate of the cutting units.1. An adjustable lift rate system, comprising:
a riding greensmower having a lift and lower circuit including a plurality of hydraulic lift cylinders to lift and lower a plurality of cutting units; and a controller providing a current to a proportional solenoid valve to bypass the hydraulic lift cylinders; and an operator control on the riding greensmower for adjusting the current to the proportional solenoid valve to adjust a lift rate and a lower rate of the plurality of cutting units. 2. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the current to the proportional solenoid valve increases during the lifting of the plurality of cutting units. 3. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the current to the proportional solenoid valve increases to slow the lift rate of the plurality of cutting units. 4. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 1 wherein the controller provides a constant starting current, a ramp of increasing current, and a constant ending current to the proportional solenoid valve. 5. An adjustable lift rate system comprising:
a lift and lower circuit for raising and lowering a plurality of cutting units of a grass mowing machine; and a controller that controls a rate of raising and lowering the cutting units based on an operator adjustable display, and reduces the rate during the raising and lowering of the plurality of cutting units. 6. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 5 wherein the lift and lower circuit is a hydraulic circuit having a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. 7. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 5 further comprising a proportional solenoid valve that receives an increased current from the controller to reduce the rate during raising of the plurality of cutting units. 8. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 7 wherein the increased current from the controller includes a starting current that is constant, a ramp of increased current, and an ending current that is constant from the controller. 9. An adjustable lift rate system comprising:
a plurality of cutting units, each cutting unit supported by a lift arm that is raised and lowered using a hydraulic cylinder; and a proportional solenoid valve that is operator adjustable to adjust how much hydraulic fluid is diverted from the hydraulic cylinders. 10. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 9 wherein a current to the proportional solenoid valve is operator adjustable and increases as the hydraulic fluid diverted from the hydraulic cylinders increases. 11. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 10 wherein the current increases as the cutting units are raised or lowered. 12. The adjustable lift rate system of claim 11, wherein the starting current is constant, then the current ramps up, and the ending current is constant. | 3,600 |
341,656 | 16,801,975 | 3,612 | A novel tubular or profile shapes of co-extruded multilayer polymers. These materials contain tens to thousands of layers of milli-, micro- to nano-polymer layers. These new shapes contain contiguous layers of milli- to nano-polymer layers in three dimensions and these contiguous layers may be twisted or turned to further expand the potential microlayer geometries. | 1. A method for creating multilayered products comprising merging multiple streams using a rotating die assembly to form contiguous layers without weld lines of a tubular or annular microlayered composite, wherein one or more layers of said tubular microlayered composite contain fibers, flakes or particles. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains fibers. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains wood fibers or particles. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains clay particles. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains nanocellulose fibers or particles. | A novel tubular or profile shapes of co-extruded multilayer polymers. These materials contain tens to thousands of layers of milli-, micro- to nano-polymer layers. These new shapes contain contiguous layers of milli- to nano-polymer layers in three dimensions and these contiguous layers may be twisted or turned to further expand the potential microlayer geometries.1. A method for creating multilayered products comprising merging multiple streams using a rotating die assembly to form contiguous layers without weld lines of a tubular or annular microlayered composite, wherein one or more layers of said tubular microlayered composite contain fibers, flakes or particles. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains fibers. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains wood fibers or particles. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains clay particles. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tubular microlayered composite contains nanocellulose fibers or particles. | 3,600 |
341,657 | 16,801,982 | 3,612 | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema, which devices use a restrictor for flow compensation. Devices and methods of the invention further use a flow-restrictor in the circulatory system, upstream of an intravascular pump, to balance pressure changes induced by the pump and to compensate for downstream flow. The device may be provided as an indwelling, intravascular catheter with a mechanical pump such as an impeller and a selectively deployable restrictor such as an inflatable balloon. Congestive heart failure or edema is treated by operating the pump in an innominate vein and using the restrictor for flow compensation, to restrict the upstream flow and thus amplify or maintain pressure reduction at the lymphatic outlet. | 1. A method for treating edema, the method comprising:
operating a pump to increase flow through an innominate vein of a patient; and subsequent to the operating step, deploying a restrictor upstream of the pump to thereby restrict flow from a jugular vein to the innominate vein in order to balance pressure downstream of the pump. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising operating the pump and then restricting the flow once the increased flow through the innominate vein affects pressure in the jugular vein. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing, with a pressure sensor, an increase in pressure in the jugular vein that results from the increased flow and restricting the flow in response to sensing the increased pressure in the jugular vein. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising adjusting restriction of the flow according to the sensed pressure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising placing a device comprising the pump within vasculature of a patient prior to the operating step. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the device comprises a catheter dimensioned to be at least partially implanted within the vasculature and the pump comprises an impeller assembly disposed at a distal portion of the catheter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a proximal portion of the catheter is connected to a motor housing and the device further includes: a pressure sensor; and a deployable restrictor attached to the catheter proximal to the pump. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the restrictor includes an inflatable balloon and restricting the flow includes inflating the restrictor. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sensing is performed using a computer system communicatively connected to the pressure sensor. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising periodically or continually adjusting inflation of the restrictor according to the sensed pressure. 11. A method for treating edema, the method comprising:
operating a pump to increase flow through an innominate vein of a patient; sensing a pressure change in a jugular vein of the patient that results from the increased flow; and adjusting a restrictor to restrict flow from the jugular vein to the innominate vein based on the sensed pressure. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inserting a catheter into the innominate vein, wherein the catheter comprises the pump, a pressure sensor, and the restrictor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the restrictor includes an inflatable balloon and adjusting the restrictor includes at least partially inflating the balloon. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the sensing is performed using the pressure sensor. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising periodically or continually adjusting inflation of the restrictor according to the sensed pressure. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising adjusting the inflation in order to balance pressure downstream of the pump. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the pump comprises an impeller assembly disposed at a distal portion of the catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a proximal portion of the catheter is connected to a motor housing having a motor therein operably coupled to the impeller assembly. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the catheter is coupled to a computer system operable to read the pressure or control the inflation. | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema, which devices use a restrictor for flow compensation. Devices and methods of the invention further use a flow-restrictor in the circulatory system, upstream of an intravascular pump, to balance pressure changes induced by the pump and to compensate for downstream flow. The device may be provided as an indwelling, intravascular catheter with a mechanical pump such as an impeller and a selectively deployable restrictor such as an inflatable balloon. Congestive heart failure or edema is treated by operating the pump in an innominate vein and using the restrictor for flow compensation, to restrict the upstream flow and thus amplify or maintain pressure reduction at the lymphatic outlet.1. A method for treating edema, the method comprising:
operating a pump to increase flow through an innominate vein of a patient; and subsequent to the operating step, deploying a restrictor upstream of the pump to thereby restrict flow from a jugular vein to the innominate vein in order to balance pressure downstream of the pump. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising operating the pump and then restricting the flow once the increased flow through the innominate vein affects pressure in the jugular vein. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing, with a pressure sensor, an increase in pressure in the jugular vein that results from the increased flow and restricting the flow in response to sensing the increased pressure in the jugular vein. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising adjusting restriction of the flow according to the sensed pressure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising placing a device comprising the pump within vasculature of a patient prior to the operating step. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the device comprises a catheter dimensioned to be at least partially implanted within the vasculature and the pump comprises an impeller assembly disposed at a distal portion of the catheter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a proximal portion of the catheter is connected to a motor housing and the device further includes: a pressure sensor; and a deployable restrictor attached to the catheter proximal to the pump. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the restrictor includes an inflatable balloon and restricting the flow includes inflating the restrictor. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the sensing is performed using a computer system communicatively connected to the pressure sensor. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising periodically or continually adjusting inflation of the restrictor according to the sensed pressure. 11. A method for treating edema, the method comprising:
operating a pump to increase flow through an innominate vein of a patient; sensing a pressure change in a jugular vein of the patient that results from the increased flow; and adjusting a restrictor to restrict flow from the jugular vein to the innominate vein based on the sensed pressure. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inserting a catheter into the innominate vein, wherein the catheter comprises the pump, a pressure sensor, and the restrictor. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the restrictor includes an inflatable balloon and adjusting the restrictor includes at least partially inflating the balloon. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the sensing is performed using the pressure sensor. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising periodically or continually adjusting inflation of the restrictor according to the sensed pressure. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising adjusting the inflation in order to balance pressure downstream of the pump. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the pump comprises an impeller assembly disposed at a distal portion of the catheter. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a proximal portion of the catheter is connected to a motor housing having a motor therein operably coupled to the impeller assembly. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the catheter is coupled to a computer system operable to read the pressure or control the inflation. | 3,600 |
341,658 | 16,801,976 | 3,612 | A wing stall compensation mechanism employs an upper door having forward upper hinge end pivotally coupled to an upper wing structure for rotation about an upper axis and a free aft upper end. A lower door has a free aft lower end and a forward lower hinge end pivotally coupled to a lower wing structure for rotation about a lower axis and a 2-bar coupler linkage is disposed between and pivotally coupled to the upper door and lower door. Downward rotation of the upper door in response to wing surface airflow separation causes contraction of the coupler linkage inducing upward rotation of the lower door from a closed position that inhibits airflow through a flap slot to an open position that enables airflow through the flap slot, to thereby restore wing surface airflow effectiveness. | 1. A wing stall compensation mechanism, comprising:
an upper door having forward upper hinge end pivotally coupled to an upper wing structure for rotation about an upper axis and a free aft upper end; a lower door having a free aft lower end and a forward lower hinge end pivotally coupled to a lower wing structure for rotation about a lower axis; a coupler linkage disposed between and pivotally coupled to the upper door and lower door; wherein downward rotation of the upper door in response to wing surface airflow separation causes contraction of the coupler linkage inducing upward rotation of the lower door from a closed position that inhibits airflow through a flap slot to an open position that enables airflow through the flap slot, to thereby restore wing surface airflow effectiveness. 2. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 wherein the coupler linkage comprises:
an upper bracket depending from the upper door;
a lower bracket extending from the lower door; and,
a coupler pivotally connected intermediate the upper bracket and lower bracket. 3. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 2 further comprising:
an upper pivot pin pivotally connecting the coupler to the upper bracket;
a lower pivot pin pivotally connecting the coupler to the lower bracket, the upper pivot pin offset aft and below the upper axis and aft of the lower pivot pin and the lower pivot pin offset above and aft of the lower axis thereby provides counter rotation of the upper and lower doors. 4. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 3 wherein the coupler linkage operates as a 4-bar linkage. 5. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 further comprising a balance weight attached proximate the aft upper free end of the upper door configured to provide an additional clockwise downward force to the upper door to enhance rotation about the upper axis. 6. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 further comprising a torsion device providing a moment about the lower axis to urge counterclockwise rotation of the lower door. 7. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 2 further comprising a hard stop extending from the lower door proximate the aft lower free end and contacting one of the coupler or a depending arm of the upper bracket with the lower door in the open position thereby limiting counterclockwise rotation of the lower door. 8. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 7 wherein the coupler linkage limits clockwise rotation of the upper door upon contact of the hard stop with the coupler or depending bracket. 9. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 7 wherein the hard stop extends laterally substantially parallel to the upper and lower axes to seal a wing cove with the lower door in the open position. 10. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 9 wherein the coupler or depending arm contacted by the hard stop extends laterally substantially parallel to the upper and lower axes to seal the wing cove with the lower door in the open position. 11. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 3 wherein the upper pivot pin and lower pivot pin are in alignment with the lower axis with the upper and lower doors in the closed position whereby tension in the coupler limits further counterclockwise rotation of the upper door and clockwise rotation of the lower door. 12. A method for stall compensation comprising:
creating suction on an upper door with laminar flow over an upper surface of a wing, the upper door configured for rotation about an upper axis, and maintaining the upper door in a closed position; reacting tension induced by the upper door in a coupler linkage connecting the upper door to a lower door rotatable about a lower axis; upon interruption of laminar flow due to separation or turbulence over the upper door with resulting reduced suction, rotating the upper door downward about the upper axis; counter-rotating the lower door about the lower axis to an open position with the coupler linkage; and, allowing air flow from a lower surface of the wing through a flap slot exposed by the open lower door and open upper door to enhance stabilized flow on an upper surface aft of the flap slot. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising contacting a coupler, bracket or structural member with a hard stop extending from an aft edge of the lower door thereby limiting opening rotation of the lower door. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising sealing a cove of the wing with the hard stop preventing influx of debris. 15. The method of claim 12 further comprising enhancing rotation tendency of the upper door with an aft balance weight proximate a trailing edge of the upper door. 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising supplementing opening of the lower door may by a torsion spring exerting a moment about the lower axis for force balance. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising upwardly rotating the upper door about the upper axis to a closed position upon restoring of laminar flow over the upper surface of the wing providing suction on the upper door. 18. The method as defined in claim 17 further comprising downwardly rotating the lower door responsive to the coupler linkage closing the flap slot. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising aligning pivot pins in the coupler linkage with the lower axis producing tension in a coupler between the pivot pins to preclude further upward rotation of the upper door and downward rotation of the lower door past the closed position. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising exerting a moment about the lower axis with a torsion spring to offset position indeterminacy due to an overcenter configuration of the coupler linkage. | A wing stall compensation mechanism employs an upper door having forward upper hinge end pivotally coupled to an upper wing structure for rotation about an upper axis and a free aft upper end. A lower door has a free aft lower end and a forward lower hinge end pivotally coupled to a lower wing structure for rotation about a lower axis and a 2-bar coupler linkage is disposed between and pivotally coupled to the upper door and lower door. Downward rotation of the upper door in response to wing surface airflow separation causes contraction of the coupler linkage inducing upward rotation of the lower door from a closed position that inhibits airflow through a flap slot to an open position that enables airflow through the flap slot, to thereby restore wing surface airflow effectiveness.1. A wing stall compensation mechanism, comprising:
an upper door having forward upper hinge end pivotally coupled to an upper wing structure for rotation about an upper axis and a free aft upper end; a lower door having a free aft lower end and a forward lower hinge end pivotally coupled to a lower wing structure for rotation about a lower axis; a coupler linkage disposed between and pivotally coupled to the upper door and lower door; wherein downward rotation of the upper door in response to wing surface airflow separation causes contraction of the coupler linkage inducing upward rotation of the lower door from a closed position that inhibits airflow through a flap slot to an open position that enables airflow through the flap slot, to thereby restore wing surface airflow effectiveness. 2. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 wherein the coupler linkage comprises:
an upper bracket depending from the upper door;
a lower bracket extending from the lower door; and,
a coupler pivotally connected intermediate the upper bracket and lower bracket. 3. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 2 further comprising:
an upper pivot pin pivotally connecting the coupler to the upper bracket;
a lower pivot pin pivotally connecting the coupler to the lower bracket, the upper pivot pin offset aft and below the upper axis and aft of the lower pivot pin and the lower pivot pin offset above and aft of the lower axis thereby provides counter rotation of the upper and lower doors. 4. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 3 wherein the coupler linkage operates as a 4-bar linkage. 5. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 further comprising a balance weight attached proximate the aft upper free end of the upper door configured to provide an additional clockwise downward force to the upper door to enhance rotation about the upper axis. 6. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 1 further comprising a torsion device providing a moment about the lower axis to urge counterclockwise rotation of the lower door. 7. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 2 further comprising a hard stop extending from the lower door proximate the aft lower free end and contacting one of the coupler or a depending arm of the upper bracket with the lower door in the open position thereby limiting counterclockwise rotation of the lower door. 8. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 7 wherein the coupler linkage limits clockwise rotation of the upper door upon contact of the hard stop with the coupler or depending bracket. 9. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 7 wherein the hard stop extends laterally substantially parallel to the upper and lower axes to seal a wing cove with the lower door in the open position. 10. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 9 wherein the coupler or depending arm contacted by the hard stop extends laterally substantially parallel to the upper and lower axes to seal the wing cove with the lower door in the open position. 11. The wing stall compensation mechanism of claim 3 wherein the upper pivot pin and lower pivot pin are in alignment with the lower axis with the upper and lower doors in the closed position whereby tension in the coupler limits further counterclockwise rotation of the upper door and clockwise rotation of the lower door. 12. A method for stall compensation comprising:
creating suction on an upper door with laminar flow over an upper surface of a wing, the upper door configured for rotation about an upper axis, and maintaining the upper door in a closed position; reacting tension induced by the upper door in a coupler linkage connecting the upper door to a lower door rotatable about a lower axis; upon interruption of laminar flow due to separation or turbulence over the upper door with resulting reduced suction, rotating the upper door downward about the upper axis; counter-rotating the lower door about the lower axis to an open position with the coupler linkage; and, allowing air flow from a lower surface of the wing through a flap slot exposed by the open lower door and open upper door to enhance stabilized flow on an upper surface aft of the flap slot. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising contacting a coupler, bracket or structural member with a hard stop extending from an aft edge of the lower door thereby limiting opening rotation of the lower door. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising sealing a cove of the wing with the hard stop preventing influx of debris. 15. The method of claim 12 further comprising enhancing rotation tendency of the upper door with an aft balance weight proximate a trailing edge of the upper door. 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising supplementing opening of the lower door may by a torsion spring exerting a moment about the lower axis for force balance. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising upwardly rotating the upper door about the upper axis to a closed position upon restoring of laminar flow over the upper surface of the wing providing suction on the upper door. 18. The method as defined in claim 17 further comprising downwardly rotating the lower door responsive to the coupler linkage closing the flap slot. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising aligning pivot pins in the coupler linkage with the lower axis producing tension in a coupler between the pivot pins to preclude further upward rotation of the upper door and downward rotation of the lower door past the closed position. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising exerting a moment about the lower axis with a torsion spring to offset position indeterminacy due to an overcenter configuration of the coupler linkage. | 3,600 |
341,659 | 16,801,992 | 3,795 | Described are colonoscopy systems and methods of using such systems. The colonoscopy systems may include an optical scanning system having at least one illuminator configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one frame to illuminate tissue within the colon, and at least one camera configured to capture the at least one image of the illuminated tissue within the colon. Additionally, the optical scanning system may include at least one control system configured to construct at least one three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon. | 1. A system, comprising:
at least one optical scanning system configured to scan and capture at least one image of a three-dimensional environment within a colon, the optical scanning system comprising: at least one illuminator configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one frame to illuminate tissue within the colon; at least one camera configured to capture the at least one image of the illuminated tissue within the colon; at least one control system configured to construct at least one three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical scanning system is within a housing mounted to an endoscopic hardware. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical scanning system is integrated within an endoscopic hardware. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the illuminator includes at least one VCSEL array, at least one projection optic and at least one diffractive optical element. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one illuminator is configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one separate frame. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one illuminator is configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one composite frame. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein operating wavelength of the illuminator and the camera includes infrared wavelengths. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein operating wavelength of the illuminator and the camera includes visible wavelengths. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the illuminator and camera are configured geometrically and optically to be used with at least one triangulation algorithm. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses at least one triangulation algorithm to process data from the camera and illuminator to construct the one or more three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data from at least two images captured by at least one camera to determine rotation and translation of the optical scanning system between frames. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control system uses rotation and translation of the optical scanning system and the at least one three dimensional point cloud representation to provide at least one three dimensional model of the tissue within the colon. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the three dimensional model traverses an extended length of the colon. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the extended length of the colon includes an entire length traversed by the optical scanning system through the colon. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one control system detects presence of a feature within the colon selected from a group consisting of a polyp or an adenoma using the at least one three dimensional point cloud. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one control system measures the feature within the colon in a lateral and depth dimension. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the control system provides data to an endoscopic system to guide positioning of at least one instrument for removal of the feature. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to detect loops in the colon. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to collect baseline data for a patient. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to mark location of tissue requiring further analysis. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system further analyzes data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data with real time data provided by operation of the optical scanning system within the colon. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the control system provides at least one alert to an operator of the optical scanning system. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical scanning system includes at least one proximity sensor. | Described are colonoscopy systems and methods of using such systems. The colonoscopy systems may include an optical scanning system having at least one illuminator configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one frame to illuminate tissue within the colon, and at least one camera configured to capture the at least one image of the illuminated tissue within the colon. Additionally, the optical scanning system may include at least one control system configured to construct at least one three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon.1. A system, comprising:
at least one optical scanning system configured to scan and capture at least one image of a three-dimensional environment within a colon, the optical scanning system comprising: at least one illuminator configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one frame to illuminate tissue within the colon; at least one camera configured to capture the at least one image of the illuminated tissue within the colon; at least one control system configured to construct at least one three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical scanning system is within a housing mounted to an endoscopic hardware. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one optical scanning system is integrated within an endoscopic hardware. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the illuminator includes at least one VCSEL array, at least one projection optic and at least one diffractive optical element. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one illuminator is configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one separate frame. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one illuminator is configured to produce spatially patterned light and solid light in at least one composite frame. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein operating wavelength of the illuminator and the camera includes infrared wavelengths. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein operating wavelength of the illuminator and the camera includes visible wavelengths. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the illuminator and camera are configured geometrically and optically to be used with at least one triangulation algorithm. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses at least one triangulation algorithm to process data from the camera and illuminator to construct the one or more three dimensional point cloud representations of the tissue within the colon. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data from at least two images captured by at least one camera to determine rotation and translation of the optical scanning system between frames. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the control system uses rotation and translation of the optical scanning system and the at least one three dimensional point cloud representation to provide at least one three dimensional model of the tissue within the colon. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the three dimensional model traverses an extended length of the colon. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the extended length of the colon includes an entire length traversed by the optical scanning system through the colon. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one control system detects presence of a feature within the colon selected from a group consisting of a polyp or an adenoma using the at least one three dimensional point cloud. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one control system measures the feature within the colon in a lateral and depth dimension. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the control system provides data to an endoscopic system to guide positioning of at least one instrument for removal of the feature. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to detect loops in the colon. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to collect baseline data for a patient. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system uses data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data to mark location of tissue requiring further analysis. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system further analyzes data of the three dimensional point cloud, mapping and registration data with real time data provided by operation of the optical scanning system within the colon. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the control system provides at least one alert to an operator of the optical scanning system. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical scanning system includes at least one proximity sensor. | 3,700 |
341,660 | 16,801,985 | 3,795 | An apparatus for controlling alcohol interlock includes a sensor that senses an environment of a driver's seat and a camera that obtains a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger. A controller activates a start lock mode of a vehicle and determines whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat. The controller determines whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger, and determines whether to detect alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on the determination result. | 1. An apparatus for controlling alcohol interlock, comprising:
a sensor configured to sense an environment of a driver's seat; a camera configured to obtain a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger; and a controller configured to:
activate a start lock mode of a vehicle and determine whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat;
determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver or the passenger based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger; and
determine whether to detect alcohol concentration included in the exhalation of the passenger based on a determination result of the exhalation of the passenger. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine whether a door at the driver's seat is opened, whether a window at the driver's seat is opened, and whether a seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened based on the environment of the driver's seat; and determine whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied based on a determination result of the door, window, and seat belt. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied in response to determining that the door is closed, the window is closed, and the seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the camera includes a thermal imaging camera configured to detect thermal images of a passenger's face and the exhalation of the passenger. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a number of face images detected based on the thermal image; detect the image of the exhalation of the passenger based on the thermal image to determine a direction of air movement by the exhalation of the passenger; detect a position of the passenger's face based on the thermal image to determine whether the number of face images in a predetermined area including the driver's seat exceeds one; and determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of face images. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to determine the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver when the number of face images detected based on the thermal image exceeds one, the direction of the air movement is not directed from a passenger's seat to the driver's seat, and the number of face images in the predetermined area including the driver's seat does not exceed one. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to determine the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver in response to determining that the number of face images detected based on the thermal image is one. 8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a number of detected face images, a direction of the passenger's face, and a degree of mouth opening based on the face image of the passenger; and determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of detected face images, the direction of the passenger's face, and the mouth opening degree. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to, when the exhalation of the passenger is determined as the exhalation of the driver, determine whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger detected as the exhalation of the driver. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to release the start lock mode when the alcohol concentration is less than a reference value. 11. A method for controlling alcohol interlock, comprising:
sensing, by a controller, an environment of a driver's seat; obtaining, by the controller, a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger; activating, by the controller, a start lock mode of a vehicle and determining whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat; determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver or the passenger based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger; and determining, by the controller, whether to detect alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on a determination result of the exhalation of the passenger. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied includes:
determining, by the controller, whether a door at the driver's seat is opened, whether a window at the driver's seat is opened, and whether a seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened based on the environment of the driver's seat; and determining, by the controller, whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied based on a determination result of the door, the window, and the seat belt. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied includes:
determining, by the controller, that the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied in response to determining that the door is closed, the window is closed, and the seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the obtaining of the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger includes;
obtaining, by the controller, thermal images of a passenger's face and the exhalation of the passenger. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, a number of face images detected based on the thermal image; detecting, by the controller, the image of the exhalation of the passenger based on the thermal image to determine a direction of air movement by the exhalation of the passenger; detecting, by the controller, a position of the passenger's face based on the thermal image to determine whether the number of face images in a predetermined area including the driver's seat exceeds one; and determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of face images. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver when the number of face images detected based on the thermal image exceeds one, the direction of the air movement is not directed from a passenger's seat to the driver's seat, and the number of face images in the predetermined area including the driver's seat does not exceed one. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver in response to determining that the number of face images detected based on the thermal image is one. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, a number of detected face images, a direction of the passenger's face, and a degree of mouth opening based on the face image of the passenger; and determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of detected face images, the direction of the passenger's face, and the mouth opening degree. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the determining of whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on the determination result includes:
in response to determining that the exhalation of the passenger is determined as the exhalation of the driver, determining, by the controller, whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger detected as the exhalation of the driver. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
releasing, by the controller, the start lock mode when the alcohol concentration is less than a reference value. | An apparatus for controlling alcohol interlock includes a sensor that senses an environment of a driver's seat and a camera that obtains a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger. A controller activates a start lock mode of a vehicle and determines whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat. The controller determines whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger, and determines whether to detect alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on the determination result.1. An apparatus for controlling alcohol interlock, comprising:
a sensor configured to sense an environment of a driver's seat; a camera configured to obtain a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger; and a controller configured to:
activate a start lock mode of a vehicle and determine whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat;
determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver or the passenger based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger; and
determine whether to detect alcohol concentration included in the exhalation of the passenger based on a determination result of the exhalation of the passenger. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine whether a door at the driver's seat is opened, whether a window at the driver's seat is opened, and whether a seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened based on the environment of the driver's seat; and determine whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied based on a determination result of the door, window, and seat belt. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied in response to determining that the door is closed, the window is closed, and the seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the camera includes a thermal imaging camera configured to detect thermal images of a passenger's face and the exhalation of the passenger. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a number of face images detected based on the thermal image; detect the image of the exhalation of the passenger based on the thermal image to determine a direction of air movement by the exhalation of the passenger; detect a position of the passenger's face based on the thermal image to determine whether the number of face images in a predetermined area including the driver's seat exceeds one; and determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of face images. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to determine the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver when the number of face images detected based on the thermal image exceeds one, the direction of the air movement is not directed from a passenger's seat to the driver's seat, and the number of face images in the predetermined area including the driver's seat does not exceed one. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to determine the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver in response to determining that the number of face images detected based on the thermal image is one. 8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a number of detected face images, a direction of the passenger's face, and a degree of mouth opening based on the face image of the passenger; and determine whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of detected face images, the direction of the passenger's face, and the mouth opening degree. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to, when the exhalation of the passenger is determined as the exhalation of the driver, determine whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger detected as the exhalation of the driver. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to release the start lock mode when the alcohol concentration is less than a reference value. 11. A method for controlling alcohol interlock, comprising:
sensing, by a controller, an environment of a driver's seat; obtaining, by the controller, a face image of a passenger and an image of exhalation of the passenger; activating, by the controller, a start lock mode of a vehicle and determining whether a condition for detecting components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied based on the environment of the driver's seat; determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of a driver or the passenger based on the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger; and determining, by the controller, whether to detect alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on a determination result of the exhalation of the passenger. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied includes:
determining, by the controller, whether a door at the driver's seat is opened, whether a window at the driver's seat is opened, and whether a seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened based on the environment of the driver's seat; and determining, by the controller, whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied based on a determination result of the door, the window, and the seat belt. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of whether the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation of the passenger is satisfied includes:
determining, by the controller, that the condition for detecting the components of the exhalation is satisfied in response to determining that the door is closed, the window is closed, and the seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the obtaining of the face image of the passenger and the image of the exhalation of the passenger includes;
obtaining, by the controller, thermal images of a passenger's face and the exhalation of the passenger. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, a number of face images detected based on the thermal image; detecting, by the controller, the image of the exhalation of the passenger based on the thermal image to determine a direction of air movement by the exhalation of the passenger; detecting, by the controller, a position of the passenger's face based on the thermal image to determine whether the number of face images in a predetermined area including the driver's seat exceeds one; and determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of face images. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver when the number of face images detected based on the thermal image exceeds one, the direction of the air movement is not directed from a passenger's seat to the driver's seat, and the number of face images in the predetermined area including the driver's seat does not exceed one. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, the exhalation of the passenger as the exhalation of the driver in response to determining that the number of face images detected based on the thermal image is one. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver includes:
determining, by the controller, a number of detected face images, a direction of the passenger's face, and a degree of mouth opening based on the face image of the passenger; and determining, by the controller, whether the exhalation of the passenger is the exhalation of the driver based on a determination result of the number of detected face images, the direction of the passenger's face, and the mouth opening degree. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the determining of whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger based on the determination result includes:
in response to determining that the exhalation of the passenger is determined as the exhalation of the driver, determining, by the controller, whether to detect the alcohol concentration in the exhalation of the passenger detected as the exhalation of the driver. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
releasing, by the controller, the start lock mode when the alcohol concentration is less than a reference value. | 3,700 |
341,661 | 16,802,019 | 3,795 | A device and a method for detecting a passenger within a vehicle are provided. The device includes a sensor mounted inside the vehicle and a vehicle network connection device that receives a position and a backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle and transmits a control signal for adjusting the position and the backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. A controller performs primary detection using the sensor in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle, and performs final detection using the sensor in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. | 1. A device for detecting a passenger in a vehicle, comprising:
a sensor mounted within the vehicle; a vehicle network connection device configured to receive a position and a backrest angle of each of a plurality of seats in the vehicle and transmit a control signal for adjusting the position and the backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and a controller configured to:
perform primary detection using the sensor in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and
perform final detection using the sensor in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
storage configured to store a reference position and a reference backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to:
perform the primary detection in the precise detection mode when one of the seats in the vehicle does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; adjust a position and a backrest angle of the seat that do not satisfy the reference position and reference backrest angle to the reference position and reference backrest angle when the passenger is detected; and perform the final detection in the general detection mode. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to:
move the seat to the forefront and adjust the backrest angle to the reference backrest angle in response to determining that the passenger is located on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; and move the seat to the forefront and adjust the backrest angle to a minimum backrest angle when the passenger is not located on the seat. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an alerting device configured to output an alert that the passenger is located within the vehicle. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to output a visually alert using an emergency light of the vehicle. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to output an audio alert using a horn of the vehicle. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to transmit an alert message to a smartphone of a driver. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted on an overhead console inside the vehicle. 10. A method for detecting a passenger in a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, by a controller, a position and a backrest angle of each of a plurality of seats within the vehicle; performing, by the controller, primary detection in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and performing, by the controller, final detection in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
storing, by the controller, a reference position and a reference backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the performing of the primary detection includes:
performing, by the controller, the primary detection in the precise detection mode when one of the seats in the vehicle does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the performing of the final detection includes:
adjusting, by the controller, a position and a backrest angle of the seat that do not satisfy the reference position and reference backrest angle to the reference position and reference backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger as the primary detection result; and performing, by the controller, the final detection of the passenger in the vehicle in the general detection mode. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the adjusting of the position and the backrest angle of the seat includes:
moving, by the controller, the seat to the forefront and adjusting the backrest angle to the reference backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; and moving, by the controller, the seat to the forefront and adjusting the backrest angle to a minimum backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger is not located on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
outputting, by the controller, an alert indicating that the passenger is located within the vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
visually outputting an alert by operating an emergency light of the vehicle. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
outputting an audio alert by operating a horn of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
transmitting, by the controller, an alert message to a smartphone of a driver. | A device and a method for detecting a passenger within a vehicle are provided. The device includes a sensor mounted inside the vehicle and a vehicle network connection device that receives a position and a backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle and transmits a control signal for adjusting the position and the backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. A controller performs primary detection using the sensor in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle, and performs final detection using the sensor in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle.1. A device for detecting a passenger in a vehicle, comprising:
a sensor mounted within the vehicle; a vehicle network connection device configured to receive a position and a backrest angle of each of a plurality of seats in the vehicle and transmit a control signal for adjusting the position and the backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and a controller configured to:
perform primary detection using the sensor in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and
perform final detection using the sensor in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
storage configured to store a reference position and a reference backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to:
perform the primary detection in the precise detection mode when one of the seats in the vehicle does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; adjust a position and a backrest angle of the seat that do not satisfy the reference position and reference backrest angle to the reference position and reference backrest angle when the passenger is detected; and perform the final detection in the general detection mode. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to:
move the seat to the forefront and adjust the backrest angle to the reference backrest angle in response to determining that the passenger is located on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; and move the seat to the forefront and adjust the backrest angle to a minimum backrest angle when the passenger is not located on the seat. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an alerting device configured to output an alert that the passenger is located within the vehicle. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to output a visually alert using an emergency light of the vehicle. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to output an audio alert using a horn of the vehicle. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein the alerting device is configured to transmit an alert message to a smartphone of a driver. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted on an overhead console inside the vehicle. 10. A method for detecting a passenger in a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, by a controller, a position and a backrest angle of each of a plurality of seats within the vehicle; performing, by the controller, primary detection in a precise detection mode determined based on the received position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle; and performing, by the controller, final detection in a general detection mode while adjusting the position and backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
storing, by the controller, a reference position and a reference backrest angle of each seat in the vehicle. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the performing of the primary detection includes:
performing, by the controller, the primary detection in the precise detection mode when one of the seats in the vehicle does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the performing of the final detection includes:
adjusting, by the controller, a position and a backrest angle of the seat that do not satisfy the reference position and reference backrest angle to the reference position and reference backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger as the primary detection result; and performing, by the controller, the final detection of the passenger in the vehicle in the general detection mode. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the adjusting of the position and the backrest angle of the seat includes:
moving, by the controller, the seat to the forefront and adjusting the backrest angle to the reference backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle; and moving, by the controller, the seat to the forefront and adjusting the backrest angle to a minimum backrest angle in response to detecting the passenger is not located on the seat that does not satisfy the reference position and the reference backrest angle. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
outputting, by the controller, an alert indicating that the passenger is located within the vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
visually outputting an alert by operating an emergency light of the vehicle. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
outputting an audio alert by operating a horn of the vehicle. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting of the alert that indicates that the passenger is located within the vehicle includes:
transmitting, by the controller, an alert message to a smartphone of a driver. | 3,700 |
341,662 | 16,801,988 | 3,795 | A vehicle transport apparatus is formed by a first robot and a second robot that enter underneath a vehicle, lift up wheels of the vehicle, and travel. The first robot and the second robot each include a distance sensor that detects a distance between the corresponding robot and an object near the corresponding robot, and a robot computing section that controls a travel operation and a loading operation of the corresponding robot. When the vehicle is to be lowered in a parking region, the robot computing section adjusts a parking position of the vehicle based on information detected by the distance sensor. | 1. A vehicle transport apparatus configured to transport a vehicle by lifting up wheels of the vehicle, comprising:
a first robot configured to enter underneath the vehicle, lift up front wheels of the vehicle, and travel; and a second robot configured to enter underneath the vehicle, lift up rear wheels of the vehicle, and travel, 2. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the robot computing section infers a distance between the vehicle and the object based on the information detected by the distance sensor, and controls a travel operation and a loading operation of the corresponding robot in a manner to lower the vehicle at a position where the distance is greater than zero and less than or equal to an upper limit value. 3. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first robot is a master device, and the second robot is a slave device. 4. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a total height of the first robot and a total height of the second robot are each less than 150 mm. | A vehicle transport apparatus is formed by a first robot and a second robot that enter underneath a vehicle, lift up wheels of the vehicle, and travel. The first robot and the second robot each include a distance sensor that detects a distance between the corresponding robot and an object near the corresponding robot, and a robot computing section that controls a travel operation and a loading operation of the corresponding robot. When the vehicle is to be lowered in a parking region, the robot computing section adjusts a parking position of the vehicle based on information detected by the distance sensor.1. A vehicle transport apparatus configured to transport a vehicle by lifting up wheels of the vehicle, comprising:
a first robot configured to enter underneath the vehicle, lift up front wheels of the vehicle, and travel; and a second robot configured to enter underneath the vehicle, lift up rear wheels of the vehicle, and travel, 2. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the robot computing section infers a distance between the vehicle and the object based on the information detected by the distance sensor, and controls a travel operation and a loading operation of the corresponding robot in a manner to lower the vehicle at a position where the distance is greater than zero and less than or equal to an upper limit value. 3. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first robot is a master device, and the second robot is a slave device. 4. The vehicle transport apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
a total height of the first robot and a total height of the second robot are each less than 150 mm. | 3,700 |
341,663 | 16,802,004 | 2,652 | A beamforming microphone array is described herein, comprising: a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt a plurality of beam signals, one for each of the microphones, to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the beam signal outputs from the adaptive beamforming circuit, wherein each of the plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to receive a respective beam signal from the adaptive beamforming circuit and perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received respective beam signal and output the echo-corrected beam signal. | 1. A beamforming microphone array comprising:
a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt a plurality of beam signals, one for each of the microphones, to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the beam signal outputs from the adaptive beamforming circuit, wherein each of the plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to receive a respective beam signal from the adaptive beamforming circuit and perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received respective beam signal and output the echo-corrected beam signal. 2. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is further adapted to generate a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4 wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 5, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to adapt one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 13, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and further wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adapt one or more fixed beam positions covering a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm adapted to determine direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals. 19. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 18, wherein
the direction of arrival algorithm is adapted to determine a direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the wave sensor system can determine motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit can eliminate fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be used by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be transmitted to a room monitoring system. 24. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to generate one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to generate new beams no faster than a first beam formation rate, and wherein the acoustic echo cancellation device is adapted to perform echo cancellation no faster than a first echo cancellation rate, and still further wherein
the first echo cancellation rate and the first beam formation rate are substantially equivalent. 27. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 28. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to extract location information for each person in the conference room and generate a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 29. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, then the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to modify one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 30. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 29, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adjust a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 31. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit further comprises:
a plurality of active noise reduction circuits, one for each acoustic echo cancellation device, and wherein each of the active noise reduction circuits is adapted to remove noise from an output of its respective acoustic echo cancellation device and output a noise reduced audio signal; an N−1 auto-mixer device adapted to receive the plurality of noise reduced audio signals from the plurality of active noise reductions circuits and combine the plurality of noise reduced audio signals to output a single near end audio signal; and an Ethernet communication device adapted to receive a reference signal (218) from a remote source, output the same to one or more speakers in the predetermined area, and forward the same to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to delete the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices; and
a power-over-Ethernet device adapted to extract electrical power over Ethernet communications cables and provide the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming array. 32. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 33. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, further comprising:
one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, and wherein
the beamforming microphone array is adapted to receive as inputs outputs from each of the sensors, and output the sensor outputs through the Ethernet communication device. 34. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to recognize gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 35. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 34, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | A beamforming microphone array is described herein, comprising: a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt a plurality of beam signals, one for each of the microphones, to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the beam signal outputs from the adaptive beamforming circuit, wherein each of the plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to receive a respective beam signal from the adaptive beamforming circuit and perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received respective beam signal and output the echo-corrected beam signal.1. A beamforming microphone array comprising:
a plurality of microphones each of which is adapted to receive an acoustic audio signal and convert the same to a microphone (mic) audio signal; a wave sensor system adapted to determine locations of one or more people within a predetermined area about the beamforming microphone array and output the same as user location data signal; and an adaptive beamforming circuit adapted to receive the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received user location data signal to adapt a plurality of beam signals, one for each of the microphones, to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and a plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices, one for each of the beam signal outputs from the adaptive beamforming circuit, wherein each of the plurality of acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to receive a respective beam signal from the adaptive beamforming circuit and perform acoustic echo cancellation on the received respective beam signal and output the echo-corrected beam signal. 2. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is further adapted to generate a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4 wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 5, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 11, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to adapt one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 13, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to modify one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to receive the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals, and perform adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and further wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adapt one or more fixed beam positions covering a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit comprises:
an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm adapted to determine direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals. 19. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 18, wherein
the direction of arrival algorithm is adapted to determine a direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 4, wherein
the wave sensor system can determine motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit can eliminate fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be used by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 21, wherein
the room occupancy status can be transmitted to a room monitoring system. 24. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to generate one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to generate new beams no faster than a first beam formation rate, and wherein the acoustic echo cancellation device is adapted to perform echo cancellation no faster than a first echo cancellation rate, and still further wherein
the first echo cancellation rate and the first beam formation rate are substantially equivalent. 27. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 28. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to extract location information for each person in the conference room and generate a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 29. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, then the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to modify one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 30. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 29, wherein
the adaptive beamforming circuit is adapted to adjust a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 31. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein the adaptive beamforming circuit further comprises:
a plurality of active noise reduction circuits, one for each acoustic echo cancellation device, and wherein each of the active noise reduction circuits is adapted to remove noise from an output of its respective acoustic echo cancellation device and output a noise reduced audio signal; an N−1 auto-mixer device adapted to receive the plurality of noise reduced audio signals from the plurality of active noise reductions circuits and combine the plurality of noise reduced audio signals to output a single near end audio signal; and an Ethernet communication device adapted to receive a reference signal (218) from a remote source, output the same to one or more speakers in the predetermined area, and forward the same to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, and wherein
each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices is adapted to delete the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices; and
a power-over-Ethernet device adapted to extract electrical power over Ethernet communications cables and provide the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming array. 32. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 33. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 31, further comprising:
one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, and wherein
the beamforming microphone array is adapted to receive as inputs outputs from each of the sensors, and output the sensor outputs through the Ethernet communication device. 34. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to recognize gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 35. The beamforming microphone array according to claim 34, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | 2,600 |
341,664 | 16,802,011 | 2,652 | Provided are a laser annealing apparatus and a method of manufacturing a substrate having a poly-Si layer using the laser annealing apparatus. The laser annealing apparatus includes a laser beam source that emits a linearly polarized laser beam, a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis and reflects the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source, a first Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror, and a first optical element that directs the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror toward an amorphous Si layer where the laser beam is irradiated upon the amorphous Si layer. | 1. A laser annealing apparatus comprising:
a laser beam source that emits a linearly polarized laser beam; a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis and reflects the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source; a first Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror; and a first optical element that directs the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror toward an amorphous Si layer where the laser beam is irradiated upon the amorphous Si layer. 2. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polygon mirror comprises a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, a first potential difference is applied to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the first reflection surface, and a second potential difference is applied to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the second reflection surface, wherein the first potential difference is different from the second potential difference. 3. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polygon mirror comprises a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, and a second potential difference applied to the first Kerr cell varies while the polygon mirror rotates and the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the second reflection surface. 4. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
a linear polarization direction of the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is in a plane parallel to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell and including a linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell, and the linear polarization direction is perpendicular to the linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell. 5. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising
a second optical element disposed on a laser beam optical path between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror, wherein the second optical element makes an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam after passing through the first Kerr cell identical to an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source when the first Kerr cell is not disposed between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror. 6. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 5, wherein
a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the polygon mirror. 7. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror; and a half-wave (λ/2) plate disposed on a laser beam path between the second Kerr cell and the first Kerr cell, wherein a direction of an electric field generated in the second Kerr cell is perpendicular to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell. 8. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first optical element includes:
a first mirror having a convex reflection surface; and a second mirror having a concave reflection surface. 9. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second optical element includes:
a first lens that is convex toward the polygon mirror; and a second lens that is convex toward the second Kerr cell. 10. A method of manufacturing a substrate having a poly-Si layer, the method comprising:
forming an amorphous Si layer on a substrate; and irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam onto the amorphous Si layer after the linearly polarized laser beam passes through a first Kerr cell, is reflected by a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis, and impinges on a first optical element. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising moving the substrate in a predetermined direction while rotating the polygon mirror. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam onto the amorphous Si layer, applying a first potential difference to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam is incident on a first reflection surface of the polygon mirror, and applying a second potential difference to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam is incident on a second reflection surface of the polygon mirror, wherein the first and second potential differences differ from each other. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by varying a second potential difference applied to the first Kerr cell while the polygon mirror rotates and the laser beam is incident on a second reflection surface of the polygon mirror. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam having a linear polarization direction is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer through the first Kerr cell, and the linear polarization direction is in a plane parallel to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell and including a linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell, and is perpendicular to the linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by passing through a second optical element between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror, and the second optical element makes an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam after passing through the first Kerr cell identical to an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam when the first Kerr cell is not disposed between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the polygon mirror. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by sequentially passing through the first Kerr cell, a half-wave (λ/2) plate, and a second Kerr cell to be incident on the polygon mirror, and a direction of an electric field generated in the second Kerr cell is perpendicular to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell. | Provided are a laser annealing apparatus and a method of manufacturing a substrate having a poly-Si layer using the laser annealing apparatus. The laser annealing apparatus includes a laser beam source that emits a linearly polarized laser beam, a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis and reflects the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source, a first Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror, and a first optical element that directs the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror toward an amorphous Si layer where the laser beam is irradiated upon the amorphous Si layer.1. A laser annealing apparatus comprising:
a laser beam source that emits a linearly polarized laser beam; a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis and reflects the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source; a first Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror; and a first optical element that directs the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror toward an amorphous Si layer where the laser beam is irradiated upon the amorphous Si layer. 2. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polygon mirror comprises a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, a first potential difference is applied to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the first reflection surface, and a second potential difference is applied to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the second reflection surface, wherein the first potential difference is different from the second potential difference. 3. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the polygon mirror comprises a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, and a second potential difference applied to the first Kerr cell varies while the polygon mirror rotates and the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is incident on the second reflection surface. 4. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
a linear polarization direction of the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source is in a plane parallel to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell and including a linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell, and the linear polarization direction is perpendicular to the linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell. 5. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising
a second optical element disposed on a laser beam optical path between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror, wherein the second optical element makes an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam after passing through the first Kerr cell identical to an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam emitted from the laser beam source when the first Kerr cell is not disposed between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror. 6. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 5, wherein
a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the polygon mirror. 7. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second Kerr cell disposed on a laser beam path between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror; and a half-wave (λ/2) plate disposed on a laser beam path between the second Kerr cell and the first Kerr cell, wherein a direction of an electric field generated in the second Kerr cell is perpendicular to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell. 8. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first optical element includes:
a first mirror having a convex reflection surface; and a second mirror having a concave reflection surface. 9. The laser annealing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second optical element includes:
a first lens that is convex toward the polygon mirror; and a second lens that is convex toward the second Kerr cell. 10. A method of manufacturing a substrate having a poly-Si layer, the method comprising:
forming an amorphous Si layer on a substrate; and irradiating a linearly polarized laser beam onto the amorphous Si layer after the linearly polarized laser beam passes through a first Kerr cell, is reflected by a polygon mirror that rotates around a rotation axis, and impinges on a first optical element. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising moving the substrate in a predetermined direction while rotating the polygon mirror. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam onto the amorphous Si layer, applying a first potential difference to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam is incident on a first reflection surface of the polygon mirror, and applying a second potential difference to the first Kerr cell while the laser beam is incident on a second reflection surface of the polygon mirror, wherein the first and second potential differences differ from each other. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by varying a second potential difference applied to the first Kerr cell while the polygon mirror rotates and the laser beam is incident on a second reflection surface of the polygon mirror. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam having a linear polarization direction is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer through the first Kerr cell, and the linear polarization direction is in a plane parallel to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell and including a linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell, and is perpendicular to the linear path of the laser beam incident on the first Kerr cell. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by passing through a second optical element between the first Kerr cell and the polygon mirror, and the second optical element makes an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam after passing through the first Kerr cell identical to an incidence point on the polygon mirror of the laser beam when the first Kerr cell is not disposed between the laser beam source and the polygon mirror. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the polygon mirror. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein
in the irradiating of the laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated onto the amorphous Si layer by sequentially passing through the first Kerr cell, a half-wave (λ/2) plate, and a second Kerr cell to be incident on the polygon mirror, and a direction of an electric field generated in the second Kerr cell is perpendicular to a direction of an electric field generated in the first Kerr cell. | 2,600 |
341,665 | 16,802,005 | 2,652 | The present disclosure provides for a rotatable side panel of a cabinet. A side panel, comprises: a primary base; one or more cable dividers; a first flange; and a second flange; wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange. | 1. A side panel, comprising:
a primary base; one or more cable dividers; a first flange; and a second flange; wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange. 2. The side panel of claim 1, wherein a distance between each of the one or more cable dividers is equivalent. 3. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the one or more cable dividers have the same length as the primary panel and are parallel to each other. 4. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the one or more cable dividers each comprise equivalent dimensions in relation to each other. 5. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange and the second flange are disposed perpendicular to the one or more cable dividers and parallel to the primary base. 6. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange is disposed about a bottom end of the one of the one or more cable dividers and along the same plane as the primary base. 7. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the second flange is disposed at a top end of the one of the one or more cable dividers. 8. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange and the second flange each comprise a plurality of holes. 9. The side panel of claim 1, further comprising a secondary base, wherein the primary base is coupled to the secondary base via the first flange. 10. The side panel of claim 9, wherein the secondary base further comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion. 11. The side panel of claim 10, wherein the first protrusion is disposed at a first side of the secondary base, wherein the second protrusion is disposed at a second side of the secondary base. 12. The side panel of claim 10, wherein the side panel is rotatable about the first protrusion and the second protrusion. 13. The side panel of claim 1, wherein a top structure is coupled to the side panel via the second flange. 14. A cabinet, comprising:
electrical equipment; a plurality of cables; and a side panel, wherein the side panel comprises:
a primary base;
one or more cable dividers;
a first flange; and
a second flange;
wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange. 15. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein the one or more cable dividers each comprise equivalent dimensions in relation to each other, wherein the one or more cable dividers have the same length as the primary panel and are parallel to each other, wherein a distance between each of the one or more cable dividers is equivalent. 16. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of cables are partially disposed within the side panel. 17. The cabinet of claim 16, wherein there is a single cable of the plurality of cables disposed between each set of one or more cable dividers. 18. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein the side panel further comprises a secondary base, wherein the primary base is coupled to the secondary base via the first flange. 19. The cabinet of claim 18, wherein the secondary base further comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion, wherein the first protrusion is disposed at a first side of the secondary base, wherein the second protrusion is disposed at a second side of the secondary base, wherein the side panel is rotatable about the first protrusion and the second protrusion. 20. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein a top structure is coupled to the side panel via the second flange. | The present disclosure provides for a rotatable side panel of a cabinet. A side panel, comprises: a primary base; one or more cable dividers; a first flange; and a second flange; wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange.1. A side panel, comprising:
a primary base; one or more cable dividers; a first flange; and a second flange; wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange. 2. The side panel of claim 1, wherein a distance between each of the one or more cable dividers is equivalent. 3. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the one or more cable dividers have the same length as the primary panel and are parallel to each other. 4. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the one or more cable dividers each comprise equivalent dimensions in relation to each other. 5. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange and the second flange are disposed perpendicular to the one or more cable dividers and parallel to the primary base. 6. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange is disposed about a bottom end of the one of the one or more cable dividers and along the same plane as the primary base. 7. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the second flange is disposed at a top end of the one of the one or more cable dividers. 8. The side panel of claim 1, wherein the first flange and the second flange each comprise a plurality of holes. 9. The side panel of claim 1, further comprising a secondary base, wherein the primary base is coupled to the secondary base via the first flange. 10. The side panel of claim 9, wherein the secondary base further comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion. 11. The side panel of claim 10, wherein the first protrusion is disposed at a first side of the secondary base, wherein the second protrusion is disposed at a second side of the secondary base. 12. The side panel of claim 10, wherein the side panel is rotatable about the first protrusion and the second protrusion. 13. The side panel of claim 1, wherein a top structure is coupled to the side panel via the second flange. 14. A cabinet, comprising:
electrical equipment; a plurality of cables; and a side panel, wherein the side panel comprises:
a primary base;
one or more cable dividers;
a first flange; and
a second flange;
wherein the one or more cable dividers are disposed on the primary base, wherein the one or more cable dividers are perpendicular to the primary base, wherein the first flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to one side of the primary base, wherein the second flange is disposed along one of the one or more cable dividers disposed furthest to the opposite side of the primary base from the first flange. 15. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein the one or more cable dividers each comprise equivalent dimensions in relation to each other, wherein the one or more cable dividers have the same length as the primary panel and are parallel to each other, wherein a distance between each of the one or more cable dividers is equivalent. 16. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of cables are partially disposed within the side panel. 17. The cabinet of claim 16, wherein there is a single cable of the plurality of cables disposed between each set of one or more cable dividers. 18. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein the side panel further comprises a secondary base, wherein the primary base is coupled to the secondary base via the first flange. 19. The cabinet of claim 18, wherein the secondary base further comprises a first protrusion and a second protrusion, wherein the first protrusion is disposed at a first side of the secondary base, wherein the second protrusion is disposed at a second side of the secondary base, wherein the side panel is rotatable about the first protrusion and the second protrusion. 20. The cabinet of claim 14, wherein a top structure is coupled to the side panel via the second flange. | 2,600 |
341,666 | 16,801,981 | 2,652 | A process for polishing the end face of a gigabit plastic optical fiber (GbPOF) to produce a mirror smooth surface without any defect. Smooth GbPOF end faces reduce the optical coupling loss when two plastic optical fibers are connected. The polishing process can be used to produce GbPOF end faces which are free of defects such as scratches. The polishing process involves the use of successive abrasive films having decreasing surface roughness to abrade the end of a GbPOF. More specifically, each subsequently applied abrasive film has a mean particle size which is less than the mean particle size of the previously applied abrasive film. | 1: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) abrading a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a first time duration using a first abrasive film having a first mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (b) after step (a), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a second time duration using a second abrasive film having a second mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; and (c) after step (b), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration using a third abrasive film having a third mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron. 2. (canceled) 3: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a) and (b), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (c). 4: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the first duration is six minutes, the second duration is four minutes, and the third duration is four minutes. 5: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the abrasive particles of the first and second abrasive films are diamond particles. 6: The process as recited in claim 5, wherein the abrasive particles of the third abrasive film are aluminum oxide particles. 7: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 8: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the plastic optical fiber has a data rate capability equal to at least 1 gigabit per second. 9: The process as recited in claim 8, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (c). 10: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) abrading a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a first time duration using a first abrasive film having a first mean particle size approximately equal to 15 microns; (b) after step (a), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a second time duration using a second abrasive film having a second mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (c) after step (b), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration using a third abrasive film having a third mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; and (d) after step (c), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a fourth time duration using a fourth abrasive film having a fourth mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron. 11. (canceled) 12: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a) through (c), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (d). 13: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein the abrasive particles of the second and third abrasive films are diamond particles, and the abrasive particles of the first and fourth abrasive films are aluminum oxide particles. 14: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 15: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) pressing a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a first abrasive film with a first pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the first abrasive film have a first mean particle size approximately equal to 15 microns; (b) moving the first abrasive film relative to the dry end faces for a first time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the first abrasive film with the first pressure; (c) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a second abrasive film with a second pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the first abrasive film have a second mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (d) moving the second abrasive film relative to the dry end face for a second time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the second abrasive film with the second pressure; (e) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a third abrasive film with a third pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the third abrasive film have a third mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; (f) moving the third abrasive film relative to the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the third abrasive film with the third pressure; (g) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a fourth abrasive film with a fourth pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the fourth abrasive film have a fourth mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron; and (h) moving the fourth abrasive film relative to the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a fourth time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the fourth abrasive film with the fourth pressure. 16. (canceled) 17: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a), (c), and (e), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (g). 18: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the abrasive particles of the second and third abrasive films are diamond particles, and the abrasive particles of the first and fourth abrasive films are aluminum oxide particles. 19-20. (canceled) 21: The process as recited in claim 10, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (d). 22: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the first duration is six minutes, the second duration is six minutes, the third duration is four minutes, and the fourth duration is four minutes. 23: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 24: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the plastic optical fiber has a data rate capability equal to at least 1 gigabit per second. 25: The process as recited in claim 15, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (h). | A process for polishing the end face of a gigabit plastic optical fiber (GbPOF) to produce a mirror smooth surface without any defect. Smooth GbPOF end faces reduce the optical coupling loss when two plastic optical fibers are connected. The polishing process can be used to produce GbPOF end faces which are free of defects such as scratches. The polishing process involves the use of successive abrasive films having decreasing surface roughness to abrade the end of a GbPOF. More specifically, each subsequently applied abrasive film has a mean particle size which is less than the mean particle size of the previously applied abrasive film.1: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) abrading a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a first time duration using a first abrasive film having a first mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (b) after step (a), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a second time duration using a second abrasive film having a second mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; and (c) after step (b), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration using a third abrasive film having a third mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron. 2. (canceled) 3: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a) and (b), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (c). 4: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the first duration is six minutes, the second duration is four minutes, and the third duration is four minutes. 5: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the abrasive particles of the first and second abrasive films are diamond particles. 6: The process as recited in claim 5, wherein the abrasive particles of the third abrasive film are aluminum oxide particles. 7: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 8: The process as recited in claim 1, wherein the plastic optical fiber has a data rate capability equal to at least 1 gigabit per second. 9: The process as recited in claim 8, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (c). 10: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) abrading a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a first time duration using a first abrasive film having a first mean particle size approximately equal to 15 microns; (b) after step (a), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a second time duration using a second abrasive film having a second mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (c) after step (b), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration using a third abrasive film having a third mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; and (d) after step (c), abrading the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a fourth time duration using a fourth abrasive film having a fourth mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron. 11. (canceled) 12: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a) through (c), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (d). 13: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein the abrasive particles of the second and third abrasive films are diamond particles, and the abrasive particles of the first and fourth abrasive films are aluminum oxide particles. 14: The process as recited in claim 10, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 15: A process for polishing an end face of a plastic optical fiber made of perfluorinated polymer material, comprising:
(a) pressing a dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a first abrasive film with a first pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the first abrasive film have a first mean particle size approximately equal to 15 microns; (b) moving the first abrasive film relative to the dry end faces for a first time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the first abrasive film with the first pressure; (c) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a second abrasive film with a second pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the first abrasive film have a second mean particle size approximately equal to 3 microns; (d) moving the second abrasive film relative to the dry end face for a second time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the second abrasive film with the second pressure; (e) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a third abrasive film with a third pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the third abrasive film have a third mean particle size approximately equal to 1 micron; (f) moving the third abrasive film relative to the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a third time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the third abrasive film with the third pressure; (g) pressing the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber against a fourth abrasive film with a fourth pressure, wherein the abrasive particles of the fourth abrasive film have a fourth mean particle size approximately equal to 0.3 micron; and (h) moving the fourth abrasive film relative to the dry end face of the plastic optical fiber for a fourth time duration while the dry end face is being pressed against the fourth abrasive film with the fourth pressure. 16. (canceled) 17: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein a pressure of 1.5 pounds is applied during steps (a), (c), and (e), and a pressure of 0.5 pound is applied during step (g). 18: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the abrasive particles of the second and third abrasive films are diamond particles, and the abrasive particles of the first and fourth abrasive films are aluminum oxide particles. 19-20. (canceled) 21: The process as recited in claim 10, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (d). 22: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the first duration is six minutes, the second duration is six minutes, the third duration is four minutes, and the fourth duration is four minutes. 23: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the plastic optical fiber is graded-index plastic optical fiber having a core and a cladding made of a transparent carbon-hydrogen bond-free perfluorinated polymer. 24: The process as recited in claim 15, wherein the plastic optical fiber has a data rate capability equal to at least 1 gigabit per second. 25: The process as recited in claim 15, further comprising installing the plastic optical fiber in an avionics network onboard an aircraft after step (h). | 2,600 |
341,667 | 16,802,016 | 1,644 | The present invention is related to NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for therapeutic and/or prophylactic therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS or multiple sclerosis. The present invention is further related to pharmaceutical compositions and a kit comprising NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of ameliorating the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method comprises therapeutic and/or a therapeutic prophylactic treatment. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method has an anti-inflammatory and/or neuroprotective effect. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the subject is a mammal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chemically modified. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered during relapse, progression and/or remission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered intravenously. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein 1-500 μg/kg of body weight of NDP-MSH or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered repeatedly in intervals of 12-72 hours. | The present invention is related to NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for therapeutic and/or prophylactic therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS or multiple sclerosis. The present invention is further related to pharmaceutical compositions and a kit comprising NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of ameliorating the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method comprises therapeutic and/or a therapeutic prophylactic treatment. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method has an anti-inflammatory and/or neuroprotective effect. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the subject is a mammal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chemically modified. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered during relapse, progression and/or remission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered intravenously. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein 1-500 μg/kg of body weight of NDP-MSH or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered repeatedly in intervals of 12-72 hours. | 1,600 |
341,668 | 16,802,006 | 1,644 | The present invention is related to NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for therapeutic and/or prophylactic therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS or multiple sclerosis. The present invention is further related to pharmaceutical compositions and a kit comprising NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of ameliorating the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method comprises therapeutic and/or a therapeutic prophylactic treatment. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method has an anti-inflammatory and/or neuroprotective effect. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the subject is a mammal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chemically modified. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered during relapse, progression and/or remission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered intravenously. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein 1-500 μg/kg of body weight of NDP-MSH or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered repeatedly in intervals of 12-72 hours. | The present invention is related to NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for therapeutic and/or prophylactic therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS or multiple sclerosis. The present invention is further related to pharmaceutical compositions and a kit comprising NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of ameliorating the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a subject in need thereof comprising administering NDP-MSH or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method comprises therapeutic and/or a therapeutic prophylactic treatment. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the method has an anti-inflammatory and/or neuroprotective effect. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the subject is a mammal. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chemically modified. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered during relapse, progression and/or remission. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered intravenously. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein 1-500 μg/kg of body weight of NDP-MSH or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein NDP-MSH is administered repeatedly in intervals of 12-72 hours. | 1,600 |
341,669 | 16,801,994 | 1,644 | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema that uses an impeller with a balloon that may be mounted on the impeller housing. The invention provides devices and methods for treatment of edema that use an indwelling catheter with an impeller to lower pressure at an outlet of a lymphatic duct and a balloon on the impeller to guide and to restrict blood flow. The balloon restricts return flow from the jugular and guides that flow into the impeller cage. By funneling the flow into the impeller cage, a rate of flow down the vessel may be increased, resulting in a lateral pressure decrease effecting the lymphatic outlet. Because the lymphatic outlet is subject to a pressure decrease, fluids in the lymphatic system drain to the outlet and into the circulatory system. | 1. A device comprising:
a catheter comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion; an impeller housing attached to the distal portion of the catheter with an impeller disposed therein; and an expandable member aligned over an outside of the impeller housing. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein an exterior surface of the expandable member is physically coupled to an exterior surface of the impeller housing. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the exterior surface of the expandable member is physically coupled directly to the exterior surface of the impeller housing without any membrane, sheath, or device between the exterior surface of the expandable member and the exterior surface of the impeller housing. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the expandable member surrounds the impeller housing. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the expandable member is a balloon. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the balloon is inflatable and further, wherein the balloon surrounds the impeller housing. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the impeller housing comprises a metal and a portion of the expandable member is fixed to a surface of the metal by an adhesive. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the metal is impregnated with a polymer to promote bonding to the adhesive. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a motor housing connected to the proximal portion of the catheter; a motor disposed within the motor housing; a drive cable extending through the catheter from the motor to the impeller; and an inflation lumen extending along the catheter to the expandable member. 10. A method of using the device of claim 1 for treating edema, the method comprising inserting the distal portion of the catheter into an innominate vein of a patient, operating the impeller, and expanding the expandable member to thereby decrease pressure at a lymphatic duct. 11. A device comprising:
a catheter with a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion dimensioned for insertion into a lumen of a patient and comprising a pump; and an expandable member connected to the pump, wherein when expanded, the expandable member comprises a toroidal shape, wherein a proximal surface of the toroidal shape directs fluid into the impeller housing. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein an inner radius of the toroidal shape is substantially the same as a radius of the proximal end of the impeller housing. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the expandable member comprises an inflatable balloon mounted on the pump. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the pump comprises an impeller housing with an impeller therein, with the balloon mounted around at least a portion of a proximal end of the impeller housing. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the impeller housing comprises a distal portion and a proximal portion, wherein an external diameter of proximal portion is smaller than an external diameter of the distal portion, wherein the expandable member, when not expanded, is disposed around the proximal portion of the impeller housing. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the impeller comprises one or more blades on a shaft, wherein a radial measurement taken from an axis of the impeller to an outer edge of the blades decreases from a distal to a proximal portion of the impeller. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the outer edge of each blade includes a dogleg defining a step-down in radius located adjacent a transition between the distal portion and the proximal portion of the impeller housing. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the distal portion of the impeller housing comprises one or more outlets and, wherein the impeller shaft flares outwards near a distal end of the impeller such that when the impeller is rotated, the impeller pumps blood through the impeller housing and out of the one or more outlets. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the pump comprises an impeller disposed within an impeller housing and the expandable member comprises an inflatable balloon connected to an exterior surface of the impeller housing. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein when the balloon is inflated, it defines a torus. | The disclosure relates to devices and methods for the treatment of edema that uses an impeller with a balloon that may be mounted on the impeller housing. The invention provides devices and methods for treatment of edema that use an indwelling catheter with an impeller to lower pressure at an outlet of a lymphatic duct and a balloon on the impeller to guide and to restrict blood flow. The balloon restricts return flow from the jugular and guides that flow into the impeller cage. By funneling the flow into the impeller cage, a rate of flow down the vessel may be increased, resulting in a lateral pressure decrease effecting the lymphatic outlet. Because the lymphatic outlet is subject to a pressure decrease, fluids in the lymphatic system drain to the outlet and into the circulatory system.1. A device comprising:
a catheter comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion; an impeller housing attached to the distal portion of the catheter with an impeller disposed therein; and an expandable member aligned over an outside of the impeller housing. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein an exterior surface of the expandable member is physically coupled to an exterior surface of the impeller housing. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the exterior surface of the expandable member is physically coupled directly to the exterior surface of the impeller housing without any membrane, sheath, or device between the exterior surface of the expandable member and the exterior surface of the impeller housing. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the expandable member surrounds the impeller housing. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the expandable member is a balloon. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the balloon is inflatable and further, wherein the balloon surrounds the impeller housing. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the impeller housing comprises a metal and a portion of the expandable member is fixed to a surface of the metal by an adhesive. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the surface of the metal is impregnated with a polymer to promote bonding to the adhesive. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a motor housing connected to the proximal portion of the catheter; a motor disposed within the motor housing; a drive cable extending through the catheter from the motor to the impeller; and an inflation lumen extending along the catheter to the expandable member. 10. A method of using the device of claim 1 for treating edema, the method comprising inserting the distal portion of the catheter into an innominate vein of a patient, operating the impeller, and expanding the expandable member to thereby decrease pressure at a lymphatic duct. 11. A device comprising:
a catheter with a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion dimensioned for insertion into a lumen of a patient and comprising a pump; and an expandable member connected to the pump, wherein when expanded, the expandable member comprises a toroidal shape, wherein a proximal surface of the toroidal shape directs fluid into the impeller housing. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein an inner radius of the toroidal shape is substantially the same as a radius of the proximal end of the impeller housing. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the expandable member comprises an inflatable balloon mounted on the pump. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the pump comprises an impeller housing with an impeller therein, with the balloon mounted around at least a portion of a proximal end of the impeller housing. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the impeller housing comprises a distal portion and a proximal portion, wherein an external diameter of proximal portion is smaller than an external diameter of the distal portion, wherein the expandable member, when not expanded, is disposed around the proximal portion of the impeller housing. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the impeller comprises one or more blades on a shaft, wherein a radial measurement taken from an axis of the impeller to an outer edge of the blades decreases from a distal to a proximal portion of the impeller. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the outer edge of each blade includes a dogleg defining a step-down in radius located adjacent a transition between the distal portion and the proximal portion of the impeller housing. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the distal portion of the impeller housing comprises one or more outlets and, wherein the impeller shaft flares outwards near a distal end of the impeller such that when the impeller is rotated, the impeller pumps blood through the impeller housing and out of the one or more outlets. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the pump comprises an impeller disposed within an impeller housing and the expandable member comprises an inflatable balloon connected to an exterior surface of the impeller housing. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein when the balloon is inflated, it defines a torus. | 1,600 |
341,670 | 16,801,997 | 1,644 | Techniques involve avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array. Along these lines, data collected for a disk array are obtained. It is determined, based on the collected data, whether a potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. In response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, an action to be taken for the disk array is determined, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. | 1. A method of avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array, comprising:
obtaining, by circuitry, data collected for the disk array; determining, based on the collected data and by the circuitry, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining, by the circuitry, an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a failure report of the disk array, to indicate the potential failure event and the action to be taken; and sending the failure report via cloud. 8. A device for avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the device to perform operations, the operation comprising:
obtaining data collected for the disk array;
determining, based on the collected data, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and
in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. 14. The device of claim 8, further comprising:
generating a failure report of the disk array, to indicate the potential failure event and the action to be taken; and sending the failure report via cloud. 15. A computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions, the machine executable instructions, when executed, causing a machine to perform operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining data collected for the disk array; determining, based on the collected data, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. | Techniques involve avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array. Along these lines, data collected for a disk array are obtained. It is determined, based on the collected data, whether a potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. In response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, an action to be taken for the disk array is determined, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event.1. A method of avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array, comprising:
obtaining, by circuitry, data collected for the disk array; determining, based on the collected data and by the circuitry, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining, by the circuitry, an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a failure report of the disk array, to indicate the potential failure event and the action to be taken; and sending the failure report via cloud. 8. A device for avoiding a potential failure event on a disk array, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the device to perform operations, the operation comprising:
obtaining data collected for the disk array;
determining, based on the collected data, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and
in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. 14. The device of claim 8, further comprising:
generating a failure report of the disk array, to indicate the potential failure event and the action to be taken; and sending the failure report via cloud. 15. A computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions, the machine executable instructions, when executed, causing a machine to perform operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining data collected for the disk array; determining, based on the collected data, whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array; and in response to determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array, determining an action to be taken for the disk array, to avoid occurrence of the potential failure event. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining whether the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array comprises:
determining, based on the collected data, whether a triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied; and in response to determining that the triggering condition of the potential failure event is satisfied, determining that the potential failure event is to occur on the disk array. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the potential failure event is one historical failure event of a plurality of historical failure events having occurred, and the method further comprises:
performing statistics on the plurality of historical failure events, to generate description information of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events, the description information comprising triggering conditions of the respective historical failure events of the plurality of historical failure events. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the description information further comprises an action for avoiding the respective historical events of the plurality of historical failure events, and determining the action to be taken for the disk array comprises:
determining the action for avoiding the one historical failure event of the plurality of historical failure events as the action to be taken for the disk array. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein obtaining the collected data comprises:
obtaining, via cloud, the collected data for the disk array. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the data are collected at the disk array in a predetermined cycle. | 1,600 |
341,671 | 16,802,031 | 1,644 | A folding chair having a side table, including a folding chair frame and a folding table frame that is foldably linked with the folding chair frame, a plurality of support connectors are provided on the upper end of the folding table frame, and the plurality of support connectors are in the same horizontal plane to support tabletop when the folding table frame is in an unfolded state. The independent folding chair frame and folding table frame are provided. A plurality of support connectors is provided on the upper end of the folding table frame so as to place tabletop. It is implemented by providing the side table and chair frame independently. The side table is provided with a relatively large size, which has relatively more items being placed. The folding chair frame and the folding table frame are formed in a folding linkage to achieve unified folding. | 1. A folding chair having a side table, comprising a folding chair frame and a folding table frame that is foldably linked with the folding chair frame, a plurality of support connectors is provided on the upper end of the folding table frame, and the plurality of support connectors are in the same horizontal plane to support table top when the folding table frame is in an unfolded state. 2. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 1, the folding table frame has a hollow accommodating space in the unfolded state. 3. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 1, the folding chair frame comprises: a seatback tube and a foldable rear chair side frame, a front chair side frame and two side chair side frames, the two side chair side frames being arranged with a space are connected between the rear chair side frame and the front chair side frame and formed in a linkage connection, the rear chair side frame is sleeved on the seatback tube, and a position limiting structure is provided between the seatback tube and the rear chair side frame to limit the folding of the folding chair frame. 4. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 3, the folding table frame comprises: a foldable rear table side frame, a front table side frame and a side table side frame, the side table side frame and one of the side chair side frames being arranged with a space are connected between the rear table side frame and the front table side frame and formed in a linkage connection. 5. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 4, the rear chair side frame, the front chair side frame, the side chair side frame, the rear table side frame, the front table side frame and the side table side frame are all X-shaped telescopic frame, the upper ends between the adjacent X-shaped telescopic frames are hinged through a connector, the lower ends between the adjacent X-shaped telescopic frames are hinged through a foot pad, and the connectors for connecting the side chair side frame and the back table side frame, the side chair side frame and the front table side frame, the front table side frame and the side table side frame, and the rear table side frame and the side table side frame serve as the support connectors on the folding table frame. 6. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 5, the rear chair side frame is sleeved on the seatback tube through the connector connected to the upper end thereof, and the seatback tube is also fixedly inserted into the foot pad at the lower end of the rear chair side frame. 7. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 5, the upper end of a connecting tube of the X-shaped telescopic frame that serves as the front chair side frame also extends upward to form an armrest tube portion. | A folding chair having a side table, including a folding chair frame and a folding table frame that is foldably linked with the folding chair frame, a plurality of support connectors are provided on the upper end of the folding table frame, and the plurality of support connectors are in the same horizontal plane to support tabletop when the folding table frame is in an unfolded state. The independent folding chair frame and folding table frame are provided. A plurality of support connectors is provided on the upper end of the folding table frame so as to place tabletop. It is implemented by providing the side table and chair frame independently. The side table is provided with a relatively large size, which has relatively more items being placed. The folding chair frame and the folding table frame are formed in a folding linkage to achieve unified folding.1. A folding chair having a side table, comprising a folding chair frame and a folding table frame that is foldably linked with the folding chair frame, a plurality of support connectors is provided on the upper end of the folding table frame, and the plurality of support connectors are in the same horizontal plane to support table top when the folding table frame is in an unfolded state. 2. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 1, the folding table frame has a hollow accommodating space in the unfolded state. 3. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 1, the folding chair frame comprises: a seatback tube and a foldable rear chair side frame, a front chair side frame and two side chair side frames, the two side chair side frames being arranged with a space are connected between the rear chair side frame and the front chair side frame and formed in a linkage connection, the rear chair side frame is sleeved on the seatback tube, and a position limiting structure is provided between the seatback tube and the rear chair side frame to limit the folding of the folding chair frame. 4. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 3, the folding table frame comprises: a foldable rear table side frame, a front table side frame and a side table side frame, the side table side frame and one of the side chair side frames being arranged with a space are connected between the rear table side frame and the front table side frame and formed in a linkage connection. 5. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 4, the rear chair side frame, the front chair side frame, the side chair side frame, the rear table side frame, the front table side frame and the side table side frame are all X-shaped telescopic frame, the upper ends between the adjacent X-shaped telescopic frames are hinged through a connector, the lower ends between the adjacent X-shaped telescopic frames are hinged through a foot pad, and the connectors for connecting the side chair side frame and the back table side frame, the side chair side frame and the front table side frame, the front table side frame and the side table side frame, and the rear table side frame and the side table side frame serve as the support connectors on the folding table frame. 6. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 5, the rear chair side frame is sleeved on the seatback tube through the connector connected to the upper end thereof, and the seatback tube is also fixedly inserted into the foot pad at the lower end of the rear chair side frame. 7. The folding chair having the side table according to claim 5, the upper end of a connecting tube of the X-shaped telescopic frame that serves as the front chair side frame also extends upward to form an armrest tube portion. | 1,600 |
341,672 | 16,802,026 | 2,834 | A rotor of a rotary electric machine includes: a rotor core; a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core. The rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied. The rotor core includes: an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; a first refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path through the in-core flow path and further in a radial direction of the rotor core; a second refrigerant flow path connected to the first refrigerant flow path and extending in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; and a third refrigerant flow path connected to the second refrigerant flow path and extending in the axial direction along the plurality of magnets. | 1. A rotor of a rotary electric machine comprising:
a rotor core; a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core, wherein: the rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied; and the rotor core includes:
an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core;
a first refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path through the in-core flow path and further in a radial direction of the rotor core;
a second refrigerant flow path connected to the first refrigerant flow path and extending in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; and
a third refrigerant flow path connected to the second refrigerant flow path and extending in the axial direction along the plurality of magnets. 2. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the first refrigerant flow path includes:
an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant is supplied from the in-shaft flow path to the in-core flow path; and
an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant is supplied from the in-core flow path to the second refrigerant flow path; and
the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path are arranged and shifted in the axial direction. 3. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths are provided in the circumferential direction; and a plurality of the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths are provided in the axial direction. 4. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein:
the rotor of the rotary electric machine further includes a sleeve provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core on which the plurality of magnets are arranged; the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path is provided on a first refrigerant distribution plate interposed in the rotor core; the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path is provided on a second refrigerant distribution plate interposed in the rotor core; and the second refrigerant flow path is formed by a space formed between an outer peripheral surface of the second refrigerant distribution plate and the sleeve at an outlet of the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path. 5. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 4, wherein
the second refrigerant flow path is provided between the magnets adjacent in a circumferential direction. 6. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor of the rotary electric machine further includes a sleeve provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core on which the plurality of magnets are arranged; and the third refrigerant flow path is formed by a flux barrier provided adjacent to a magnet attaching groove of the rotor core and the sleeve. 7. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path are provided at a central portion of the rotor core in the axial direction. | A rotor of a rotary electric machine includes: a rotor core; a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core. The rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied. The rotor core includes: an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core; a first refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path through the in-core flow path and further in a radial direction of the rotor core; a second refrigerant flow path connected to the first refrigerant flow path and extending in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; and a third refrigerant flow path connected to the second refrigerant flow path and extending in the axial direction along the plurality of magnets.1. A rotor of a rotary electric machine comprising:
a rotor core; a plurality of magnets arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the rotor core; and a rotor shaft rotating integrally with the rotor core, wherein: the rotor shaft includes an in-shaft flow path through which a refrigerant is supplied; and the rotor core includes:
an in-core flow path extending inside the rotor core in an axial direction of the rotor core;
a first refrigerant flow path extending from the in-shaft flow path through the in-core flow path and further in a radial direction of the rotor core;
a second refrigerant flow path connected to the first refrigerant flow path and extending in a circumferential direction of the rotor core; and
a third refrigerant flow path connected to the second refrigerant flow path and extending in the axial direction along the plurality of magnets. 2. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the first refrigerant flow path includes:
an inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant is supplied from the in-shaft flow path to the in-core flow path; and
an outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant is supplied from the in-core flow path to the second refrigerant flow path; and
the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path are arranged and shifted in the axial direction. 3. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths and the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths are provided in the circumferential direction; and a plurality of the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow paths are provided in the axial direction. 4. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 2, wherein:
the rotor of the rotary electric machine further includes a sleeve provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core on which the plurality of magnets are arranged; the inner-diameter-side refrigerant flow path is provided on a first refrigerant distribution plate interposed in the rotor core; the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path is provided on a second refrigerant distribution plate interposed in the rotor core; and the second refrigerant flow path is formed by a space formed between an outer peripheral surface of the second refrigerant distribution plate and the sleeve at an outlet of the outer-diameter-side refrigerant flow path. 5. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 4, wherein
the second refrigerant flow path is provided between the magnets adjacent in a circumferential direction. 6. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor of the rotary electric machine further includes a sleeve provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core on which the plurality of magnets are arranged; and the third refrigerant flow path is formed by a flux barrier provided adjacent to a magnet attaching groove of the rotor core and the sleeve. 7. The rotor of the rotary electric machine according to claim 1, wherein
the first refrigerant flow path and the second refrigerant flow path are provided at a central portion of the rotor core in the axial direction. | 2,800 |
341,673 | 16,802,020 | 2,834 | A power converter with AFC (Automatic AC Feed Control) implements zero voltage switching when switching from a first input power supply to a second input power supply. The power converter with AFC includes a relay switchover circuit and control circuitry for selectively providing power to a connected power converter. The control circuitry uses sensed amplitude and phase values for the two input power supplies for determining when the first input power supply is lost and selectively connecting the second input power supply according to precise timing control to minimize component stress. | 1. A power supply and power converter system, the system comprising:
a. a first input AC power supply; b. a second input AC power supply; c. a relay switchover circuit coupled to the first input AC power supply and a second input AC power supply, wherein under normal operating conditions the relay switchover circuit is configured to enable connection with the first input AC power supply and disable connection from the second input AC power supply; d. a power conversion circuit coupled to the relay switchover circuit; e. a voltage sensing circuit coupled to the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply; and f. a control circuit coupled to the voltage sensing circuit, the relay switchover circuit, and the power conversion circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive sensed voltage levels of the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply, to determine if the first input AC power supply is interrupted and switchover to the second input AC power supply is required, and to control switchover of the relay switchover circuit to disable connection with the first input AC power supply and enable connection with the second input AC power supply at a zero voltage crossing of the sensed voltage level of the second input AC power supply. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a main switch, and the control circuit is configured to transmit a control signal to the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the zero voltage crossing. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a power factor correction (PFC) power converter. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the power conversion circuit further comprises a DC-to-DC converter coupled to an output of the PFC power converter. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the PFC power converter is a boost converter. 6. The system of claim 3 wherein the control circuit comprises a first control circuit for providing control signals to the relay switchover circuit and a second control circuit for providing control signals to the PFC power converter, wherein the system further comprises an isolation barrier between the first control circuit and the second control circuit. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the first control circuit is configured to provide control signals to the second control circuit through the isolation barrier. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured to determine if switchover to the second input AC power supply is required by determining if the sensed voltage value of the first input AC power supply is zero for a predetermined waiting period. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the control circuit is configured to control switchover of the relay switchover circuit by calculating a next zero voltage crossing time of the second input AC power supply immediately following the predetermined waiting period, and then transmitting a control signal to the relay switchover circuit at a time equal to the calculated next zero voltage crossing time minus a predetermined switching delay time period. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the control circuit is further configured to transmit a second control signal to a main switch of the power conversion circuit prior to the next zero voltage crossing time, wherein the second control signal turns OFF the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the switchover of the relay switchover circuit. 11. A method of switching over power supplies for a power converter, the method comprising:
a. coupling a first input AC power supply and a second input AC power supply to a relay switchover circuit, wherein under normal operating conditions the relay switchover circuit is configured to enable connection of the first input AC power supply to a power conversion circuit and disable connection of the second input AC power supply to the power conversion circuit; b. sensing a voltage level of the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply; c. determining if the first input AC power supply is interrupted and switchover to the second input AC power supply is required; and d. controlling switchover of the relay switchover circuit to disable connection with the first input AC power supply and enable connection with the second input AC power supply at a zero voltage crossing of the sensed voltage level of the second input AC power supply. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a main switch, and the method further comprises transmitting a control signal to the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the zero voltage crossing. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein determining if switchover to the second input AC power supply is required comprises determining if the sensed voltage value of the first input AC power supply is zero for a predetermined waiting period. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein controlling switchover of the relay switchover circuit comprises calculating a next zero voltage crossing time of the second input AC power supply immediately following the predetermined waiting period, and then transmitting a control signal to the relay switchover circuit at a time equal to the calculated next zero voltage crossing time minus a predetermined switching delay time period. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the method further comprises transmitting a second control signal to a main switch of the power conversion circuit prior to the next zero voltage crossing time, wherein the second control signal turns OFF the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the switchover of the relay switchover circuit. | A power converter with AFC (Automatic AC Feed Control) implements zero voltage switching when switching from a first input power supply to a second input power supply. The power converter with AFC includes a relay switchover circuit and control circuitry for selectively providing power to a connected power converter. The control circuitry uses sensed amplitude and phase values for the two input power supplies for determining when the first input power supply is lost and selectively connecting the second input power supply according to precise timing control to minimize component stress.1. A power supply and power converter system, the system comprising:
a. a first input AC power supply; b. a second input AC power supply; c. a relay switchover circuit coupled to the first input AC power supply and a second input AC power supply, wherein under normal operating conditions the relay switchover circuit is configured to enable connection with the first input AC power supply and disable connection from the second input AC power supply; d. a power conversion circuit coupled to the relay switchover circuit; e. a voltage sensing circuit coupled to the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply; and f. a control circuit coupled to the voltage sensing circuit, the relay switchover circuit, and the power conversion circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to receive sensed voltage levels of the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply, to determine if the first input AC power supply is interrupted and switchover to the second input AC power supply is required, and to control switchover of the relay switchover circuit to disable connection with the first input AC power supply and enable connection with the second input AC power supply at a zero voltage crossing of the sensed voltage level of the second input AC power supply. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a main switch, and the control circuit is configured to transmit a control signal to the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the zero voltage crossing. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a power factor correction (PFC) power converter. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the power conversion circuit further comprises a DC-to-DC converter coupled to an output of the PFC power converter. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the PFC power converter is a boost converter. 6. The system of claim 3 wherein the control circuit comprises a first control circuit for providing control signals to the relay switchover circuit and a second control circuit for providing control signals to the PFC power converter, wherein the system further comprises an isolation barrier between the first control circuit and the second control circuit. 7. The system of claim 6 wherein the first control circuit is configured to provide control signals to the second control circuit through the isolation barrier. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is configured to determine if switchover to the second input AC power supply is required by determining if the sensed voltage value of the first input AC power supply is zero for a predetermined waiting period. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the control circuit is configured to control switchover of the relay switchover circuit by calculating a next zero voltage crossing time of the second input AC power supply immediately following the predetermined waiting period, and then transmitting a control signal to the relay switchover circuit at a time equal to the calculated next zero voltage crossing time minus a predetermined switching delay time period. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the control circuit is further configured to transmit a second control signal to a main switch of the power conversion circuit prior to the next zero voltage crossing time, wherein the second control signal turns OFF the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the switchover of the relay switchover circuit. 11. A method of switching over power supplies for a power converter, the method comprising:
a. coupling a first input AC power supply and a second input AC power supply to a relay switchover circuit, wherein under normal operating conditions the relay switchover circuit is configured to enable connection of the first input AC power supply to a power conversion circuit and disable connection of the second input AC power supply to the power conversion circuit; b. sensing a voltage level of the first input AC power supply and the second input AC power supply; c. determining if the first input AC power supply is interrupted and switchover to the second input AC power supply is required; and d. controlling switchover of the relay switchover circuit to disable connection with the first input AC power supply and enable connection with the second input AC power supply at a zero voltage crossing of the sensed voltage level of the second input AC power supply. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the power conversion circuit comprises a main switch, and the method further comprises transmitting a control signal to the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the zero voltage crossing. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein determining if switchover to the second input AC power supply is required comprises determining if the sensed voltage value of the first input AC power supply is zero for a predetermined waiting period. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein controlling switchover of the relay switchover circuit comprises calculating a next zero voltage crossing time of the second input AC power supply immediately following the predetermined waiting period, and then transmitting a control signal to the relay switchover circuit at a time equal to the calculated next zero voltage crossing time minus a predetermined switching delay time period. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the method further comprises transmitting a second control signal to a main switch of the power conversion circuit prior to the next zero voltage crossing time, wherein the second control signal turns OFF the main switch such that the main switch is OFF at the switchover of the relay switchover circuit. | 2,800 |
341,674 | 16,802,034 | 2,834 | Disclosed is a method for determining three-dimensional in-situ stress based on displacement measurement of borehole wall, including the following steps: selecting a testing borehole section for in-situ stress testing; arranging 6-9 measurement points in the testing borehole section; using a coring drill to perform a radial cut around the displacement measurement device to relieve the stress at the measurement point; cutting off the drilled core by the coring drill; recovering the sidewall coring device and removing the cores, and then measuring the elastic deformation parameters of each core; The beneficial effect of the technical scheme proposed in this disclosure is: the method provided by this disclosure overcomes the disadvantage that the measurement can only be performed at the bottom of a borehole and thus it has a wider application range. | 1. A method for determining three-dimensional in-situ stress based on displacement measurement of borehole wall, including the following steps:
S1: conducting well logging analysis in a shale gas exploration borehole or shale gas drilling borehole, and based on the results of the logging analysis, selecting a testing borehole section for in-situ stress testing, and then lowering the sidewall coring device to a depth of 2000-3000 meters, wherein the diameter of the shale gas exploration borehole is between φ139.7 and φ339.725 mm; S2: arranging 6-9 measurement points in the testing borehole section, and the measurement points are arranged in the form of a plum blossom, wherein the angles between the drilling axis of different measurement points is 55°-65°, and the distance in the axial direction is 90-120 mm; S3: placing a displacement measurement equipment near a measurement point at a distance of 10-15 mm in the radial direction and piercing the mud layer of the borehole wall and against the borehole wall, after the displacement measurement device contacts the measurement point, using a coring drill to perform a radial cut around the displacement measurement device to relieve the stress at the measurement point, during the stress relief process, the displacement measurement device continuously records the radial displacement change of the borehole wall during the stress relief process and transmits it to the ground in real time through a cable, after the displacement change is stable, the stress relief process is completed and the radial displacement value in one direction is obtained, wherein the size of the coring drill is between φ25-40 mm, and the stress relief depth is 40-65 mm; S4: after the strain relief process is completed, cutting off the drilled core by the coring drill, then rotating the sidewall coring device and repeating the stress relief and sidewall coring operations at other measurement points to obtain radial displacement values in 6-9 different directions; S5: after the measurement of all measurement points is completed, recovering the sidewall coring device and removing the cores, and then measuring the elastic deformation parameters of each core, including the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio through indoor supplementary tests, then combined with 6-9 radial displacement values in different directions obtained by high-precision displacement measurement, a set of linear equations including elastic deformation parameters, radial displacements and far-field stress are obtained, and the three-dimensional ground stress state of the measurement points is obtained. | Disclosed is a method for determining three-dimensional in-situ stress based on displacement measurement of borehole wall, including the following steps: selecting a testing borehole section for in-situ stress testing; arranging 6-9 measurement points in the testing borehole section; using a coring drill to perform a radial cut around the displacement measurement device to relieve the stress at the measurement point; cutting off the drilled core by the coring drill; recovering the sidewall coring device and removing the cores, and then measuring the elastic deformation parameters of each core; The beneficial effect of the technical scheme proposed in this disclosure is: the method provided by this disclosure overcomes the disadvantage that the measurement can only be performed at the bottom of a borehole and thus it has a wider application range.1. A method for determining three-dimensional in-situ stress based on displacement measurement of borehole wall, including the following steps:
S1: conducting well logging analysis in a shale gas exploration borehole or shale gas drilling borehole, and based on the results of the logging analysis, selecting a testing borehole section for in-situ stress testing, and then lowering the sidewall coring device to a depth of 2000-3000 meters, wherein the diameter of the shale gas exploration borehole is between φ139.7 and φ339.725 mm; S2: arranging 6-9 measurement points in the testing borehole section, and the measurement points are arranged in the form of a plum blossom, wherein the angles between the drilling axis of different measurement points is 55°-65°, and the distance in the axial direction is 90-120 mm; S3: placing a displacement measurement equipment near a measurement point at a distance of 10-15 mm in the radial direction and piercing the mud layer of the borehole wall and against the borehole wall, after the displacement measurement device contacts the measurement point, using a coring drill to perform a radial cut around the displacement measurement device to relieve the stress at the measurement point, during the stress relief process, the displacement measurement device continuously records the radial displacement change of the borehole wall during the stress relief process and transmits it to the ground in real time through a cable, after the displacement change is stable, the stress relief process is completed and the radial displacement value in one direction is obtained, wherein the size of the coring drill is between φ25-40 mm, and the stress relief depth is 40-65 mm; S4: after the strain relief process is completed, cutting off the drilled core by the coring drill, then rotating the sidewall coring device and repeating the stress relief and sidewall coring operations at other measurement points to obtain radial displacement values in 6-9 different directions; S5: after the measurement of all measurement points is completed, recovering the sidewall coring device and removing the cores, and then measuring the elastic deformation parameters of each core, including the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio through indoor supplementary tests, then combined with 6-9 radial displacement values in different directions obtained by high-precision displacement measurement, a set of linear equations including elastic deformation parameters, radial displacements and far-field stress are obtained, and the three-dimensional ground stress state of the measurement points is obtained. | 2,800 |
341,675 | 16,802,002 | 2,834 | A downhole tool having a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string that includes at least one flapper. The downhole tool also includes a deformable element that maintains the at least one flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed. A downhole tool having a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string that includes at least one flapper. The downhole tool also includes a sleeve slidably disposed within at least a portion of the flapper valve assembly and the downhole tool. The downhole tool includes a deformable and dissolvable seat disposed uphole and adjacent to the sleeve and a dissolvable fluid blocking member to engage with the seat to shift the sleeve from first position to a second position within the downhole tool. Methods of using these downhole tools are provided. | 1. A downhole tool, the tool comprising:
a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string, the flapper valve assembly includes a first flapper; and a deformable element that maintains the first flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed. 2. The tool of claim 1 where the first flapper has an opening disposed therein. 3. The tool of claim 2 wherein the deformable element is a pin element disposed on the flapper valve assembly and the pin element engages with the opening disposed in the first flapper. 4. The tool of claim 3 wherein the pin element is deformable and frictionally engagable with the opening when a fluid blocking member is passed through the flapper valve assembly. 5. The tool of claim 4 wherein the flapper valve assembly further includes a second flapper valve. 6. The tool of claim 5 wherein the flapper valve assembly has a second deformable pin element disposed thereon, the second deformable pin element deformable and frictionally engagable with an opening disposed in the second flapper valve. 7. A method, the method comprising:
positioning a downhole tool in a wellbore, the downhole tool comprising:
a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string, the flapper valve assembly includes a first flapper; and
a deformable element that maintains the first flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed; and
causing the deformable element to be deformed to maintain the at least one flapper in the open position. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the deformable element is deformed by pumping a fluid blocking member through the downhole tool. 9. The method of claim 7 where the first flapper has an opening disposed therein. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the deformable element is a pin element disposed on the flapper valve assembly and the pin element engages with the opening disposed in the first flapper. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the pin element is deformable and frictionally engagable with the opening when a fluid blocking member is passed through the flapper valve assembly. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the flapper valve assembly further includes a second flapper valve. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the flapper valve assembly has a second deformable pin element disposed thereon, the second deformable pin element deformable and frictionally engagable with an opening disposed in the second flapper valve. | A downhole tool having a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string that includes at least one flapper. The downhole tool also includes a deformable element that maintains the at least one flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed. A downhole tool having a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string that includes at least one flapper. The downhole tool also includes a sleeve slidably disposed within at least a portion of the flapper valve assembly and the downhole tool. The downhole tool includes a deformable and dissolvable seat disposed uphole and adjacent to the sleeve and a dissolvable fluid blocking member to engage with the seat to shift the sleeve from first position to a second position within the downhole tool. Methods of using these downhole tools are provided.1. A downhole tool, the tool comprising:
a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string, the flapper valve assembly includes a first flapper; and a deformable element that maintains the first flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed. 2. The tool of claim 1 where the first flapper has an opening disposed therein. 3. The tool of claim 2 wherein the deformable element is a pin element disposed on the flapper valve assembly and the pin element engages with the opening disposed in the first flapper. 4. The tool of claim 3 wherein the pin element is deformable and frictionally engagable with the opening when a fluid blocking member is passed through the flapper valve assembly. 5. The tool of claim 4 wherein the flapper valve assembly further includes a second flapper valve. 6. The tool of claim 5 wherein the flapper valve assembly has a second deformable pin element disposed thereon, the second deformable pin element deformable and frictionally engagable with an opening disposed in the second flapper valve. 7. A method, the method comprising:
positioning a downhole tool in a wellbore, the downhole tool comprising:
a flapper valve assembly for controlling the backflow of fluid into a tubing string, the flapper valve assembly includes a first flapper; and
a deformable element that maintains the first flapper in an open position after the deformable portion is deformed; and
causing the deformable element to be deformed to maintain the at least one flapper in the open position. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the deformable element is deformed by pumping a fluid blocking member through the downhole tool. 9. The method of claim 7 where the first flapper has an opening disposed therein. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the deformable element is a pin element disposed on the flapper valve assembly and the pin element engages with the opening disposed in the first flapper. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the pin element is deformable and frictionally engagable with the opening when a fluid blocking member is passed through the flapper valve assembly. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the flapper valve assembly further includes a second flapper valve. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the flapper valve assembly has a second deformable pin element disposed thereon, the second deformable pin element deformable and frictionally engagable with an opening disposed in the second flapper valve. | 2,800 |
341,676 | 16,801,991 | 2,834 | A method, computer system, and a computer program product for product cycle management is provided. The present invention may include storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products. The stored batch-related information may include a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products. The present invention may also include detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products. The present invention may further include recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID. The present invention may also include transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the batch-related information for the corresponding batch of products encoded in a machine-readable code on a packaging of at least one product of the corresponding batch of products. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sensing, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
encoding the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determining the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 8. A computer system for product cycle management, comprising:
one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage media, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, wherein the computer system is capable of performing a method comprising: storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 9. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting the batch-related information for the corresponding batch of products encoded in a machine-readable code on a packaging of at least one product of the corresponding batch of products. 10. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 11. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
sensing, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 13. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
encoding the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 14. The computer system of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determining the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 15. A computer program product for product cycle management, the computer program product comprising:
one or more computer-readable storage media and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer-readable storage media, the program instructions comprising: program instructions to store, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; program instructions to detect a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; program instructions to record the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and program instructions to transmit, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to identify, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to sense, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to encode the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, further comprising:
program instructions to in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determine the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. | A method, computer system, and a computer program product for product cycle management is provided. The present invention may include storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products. The stored batch-related information may include a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products. The present invention may also include detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products. The present invention may further include recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID. The present invention may also include transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting the batch-related information for the corresponding batch of products encoded in a machine-readable code on a packaging of at least one product of the corresponding batch of products. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sensing, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
encoding the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determining the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 8. A computer system for product cycle management, comprising:
one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage media, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more computer-readable tangible storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, wherein the computer system is capable of performing a method comprising: storing, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; detecting a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; recording the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and transmitting, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 9. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
detecting the batch-related information for the corresponding batch of products encoded in a machine-readable code on a packaging of at least one product of the corresponding batch of products. 10. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 11. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
sensing, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 12. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 13. The computer system of claim 8, further comprising:
encoding the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 14. The computer system of claim 13, further comprising:
in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determining the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 15. A computer program product for product cycle management, the computer program product comprising:
one or more computer-readable storage media and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer-readable storage media, the program instructions comprising: program instructions to store, in an inventory database, a batch-related information for a corresponding batch of products, wherein the stored batch-related information includes a batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products; program instructions to detect a consumer identifier (ID) in a purchase transaction for a product of the corresponding batch of products; program instructions to record the purchase transaction for the product with the detected consumer ID; and program instructions to transmit, to a device associated with the detected consumer ID, the batch date linked to the product of the corresponding batch of products. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to identify, using the detected consumer ID, a consumer profile registered with a retailer-based loyalty program. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to sense, a machine-readable code on a packaging of the product in the purchase transaction; and removing an instance of the product from a current stock stored in the inventory database. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the machine-readable code is selected from a group consisting of: a GS1 DataMatrix code and a QR code. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising:
program instructions to encode the batch date assigned to the corresponding batch of products in a QR code affixed to each product of the corresponding batch of products, wherein the encoded batch date includes an expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, further comprising:
program instructions to in response to decoding the QR code affixed to a single product of the corresponding batch of products, determine the expiration date of each product of the corresponding batch of products. | 2,800 |
341,677 | 16,802,015 | 3,753 | Leak testing is performed after filling a first tank with pressurized gas and before filling a second tank with the same via a filling circuit including first and second isolation valves. After the first tank is filled, the pressure of gas trapped between the two closed isolation valves is measured. If the pressure is below a predetermined threshold, the first isolation valve is opened until the pressure reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, at which time the first isolation valve is closed and the second isolation valve is opened so that the leak test may be performed. If the pressure is otherwise at or above the threshold, the leak test is performed. | 1. A process for filling tanks with pressurized gas via a filling station comprising at least one source of pressurized gas and a fluid circuit for the transfer of the gas from the at least one source to the tanks, the circuit comprising a first end connected to the at least one source of pressurized gas and a second end provided with a transfer pipe intended to be joined in removable fashion to the tanks to be filled, the circuit comprising, positioned between the first end and the second end, a first isolation valve, a member for regulation of flow rate or pressure, and a second so isolation valve, said process comprising the steps of:
successive fillings of a first vehicle tank and then of a second vehicle tank; and in between the filling of the first vehicle tank and the filling of the second vehicle tank, performing a leak test on the second vehicle tank which is joined in leaktight fashion to the second end of the circuit, the leak test comprising: closing the first and second isolation valves in order to trap a supply of the pressurized gas in the circuit between the first and second isolation valves; measuring a pressure of the supply of gas trapped in the circuit between the first and second isolation valves; and placing the second tank under pressure via the opening of the second isolation valve at the end of the filling of the first vehicle tank, wherein, when the measured pressure is lower than a predetermined threshold, and before said leak test is performed, said process further comprises the steps of filling the circuit between the first and second isolation valves with the at least one source of pressurized gas via an opening of the first isolation valve and closing the first isolation valve when the measured pressure reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is between 300 bar and 900 bar. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is between 700 and 860 bar. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is a pressure value greater than a pressure prevailing in the second tank before the second vehicle tank is filled. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one source of pressurized gas comprises at least one pressurized gas storage tank and said step of filling the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is carried out by pressure balancing with the at least one pressurized storage tank. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein at least between the first and second isolation valves, the circuit comprises one or more thermally insulated pipes. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein the circuit further comprises, between the first isolation valve and the second isolation valve, a heat exchanger for cooling the pressurized gas being transferred to the first and second vehicle tanks to be filled, 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the first isolation valve is disposed at a position in the circuit adjacent to the heat exchanger so that the first isolation valve is closer to the heat exchanger than the first isolation is to the first end of the circuit. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the first isolation valve is located at an inlet of the heat exchanger. 10. The process of claim 7, wherein the second isolation valve is disposed at a position in the circuit adjacent to the second end of the circuit so that the second isolation valve is closer to the second end of the circuit than the second isolation valve is to the heat exchanger. 11. The process of claim 1, wherein a volume of the circuit in between the first and second isolation valves is between 0.00005 m3 and 0.01 m3. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein a length of the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is between one and fifty meters. 13. The process of claim 1, wherein a length of the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is between two and thirty meters. 14. The process of claim 1, wherein the pressurized gas is hydrogen. 15. A filling station for filling tanks with pressurized gas, comprising at least one source of pressurized gas, a fluid circuit for the transfer of the gas from the at least one source to the tanks, and an electronic data processing and storage member, wherein the circuit comprises a first end connected to the at least one source of pressurized gas, a second end provided with a transfer pipe intended to be joined in removable fashion to the tanks to be filled, a first isolation valve positioned between the first and second ends, a member for regulation of flow rate or pressure, a second isolation valve, and a pressure sensor disposed between the first and second isolation valves, the station being suitable and configured for carrying out successive fillings of a first tank and then a second tank, the electronic data processing and storage member being adapted and configured to control the successive fillings and the first and second isolation valves and carry out a leak test between the filling of the first tank and the filling of the second tank during which the second tank is joined in leaktight fashion to the second end of the circuit, the leak test comprising the step of placing the second tank under pressure via an opening of the second valve at the end of the filling of the first tank, the electronic data processing and storage member being configured to:
close the first and second isolation valves in order to trap a supply of pressurized gas in the circuit between these two valves;
when the pressure of the trapped pressurized gas measured by the pressure sensor is greater than a predetermined threshold, cause performance of said leak test; and
when the pressure of the trapped pressurized gas measured by the pressure sensor is lower than the predetermined threshold, cause the first isolation valve to open in order to fill the circuit between the first and second isolation valves with the pressurized gas from the at least one source of pressurized gas until the predetermined threshold is reached or exceeded and subsequently cause the first isolation valve to close and cause performance of said leak test. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the circuit further comprises a heat exchanger for cooling the pressurized gas transferred to the tank to be filled that is disposed in between the first and second isolation valves. | Leak testing is performed after filling a first tank with pressurized gas and before filling a second tank with the same via a filling circuit including first and second isolation valves. After the first tank is filled, the pressure of gas trapped between the two closed isolation valves is measured. If the pressure is below a predetermined threshold, the first isolation valve is opened until the pressure reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold, at which time the first isolation valve is closed and the second isolation valve is opened so that the leak test may be performed. If the pressure is otherwise at or above the threshold, the leak test is performed.1. A process for filling tanks with pressurized gas via a filling station comprising at least one source of pressurized gas and a fluid circuit for the transfer of the gas from the at least one source to the tanks, the circuit comprising a first end connected to the at least one source of pressurized gas and a second end provided with a transfer pipe intended to be joined in removable fashion to the tanks to be filled, the circuit comprising, positioned between the first end and the second end, a first isolation valve, a member for regulation of flow rate or pressure, and a second so isolation valve, said process comprising the steps of:
successive fillings of a first vehicle tank and then of a second vehicle tank; and in between the filling of the first vehicle tank and the filling of the second vehicle tank, performing a leak test on the second vehicle tank which is joined in leaktight fashion to the second end of the circuit, the leak test comprising: closing the first and second isolation valves in order to trap a supply of the pressurized gas in the circuit between the first and second isolation valves; measuring a pressure of the supply of gas trapped in the circuit between the first and second isolation valves; and placing the second tank under pressure via the opening of the second isolation valve at the end of the filling of the first vehicle tank, wherein, when the measured pressure is lower than a predetermined threshold, and before said leak test is performed, said process further comprises the steps of filling the circuit between the first and second isolation valves with the at least one source of pressurized gas via an opening of the first isolation valve and closing the first isolation valve when the measured pressure reaches or exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is between 300 bar and 900 bar. 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is between 700 and 860 bar. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is a pressure value greater than a pressure prevailing in the second tank before the second vehicle tank is filled. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the at least one source of pressurized gas comprises at least one pressurized gas storage tank and said step of filling the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is carried out by pressure balancing with the at least one pressurized storage tank. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein at least between the first and second isolation valves, the circuit comprises one or more thermally insulated pipes. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein the circuit further comprises, between the first isolation valve and the second isolation valve, a heat exchanger for cooling the pressurized gas being transferred to the first and second vehicle tanks to be filled, 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the first isolation valve is disposed at a position in the circuit adjacent to the heat exchanger so that the first isolation valve is closer to the heat exchanger than the first isolation is to the first end of the circuit. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the first isolation valve is located at an inlet of the heat exchanger. 10. The process of claim 7, wherein the second isolation valve is disposed at a position in the circuit adjacent to the second end of the circuit so that the second isolation valve is closer to the second end of the circuit than the second isolation valve is to the heat exchanger. 11. The process of claim 1, wherein a volume of the circuit in between the first and second isolation valves is between 0.00005 m3 and 0.01 m3. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein a length of the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is between one and fifty meters. 13. The process of claim 1, wherein a length of the circuit between the first and second isolation valves is between two and thirty meters. 14. The process of claim 1, wherein the pressurized gas is hydrogen. 15. A filling station for filling tanks with pressurized gas, comprising at least one source of pressurized gas, a fluid circuit for the transfer of the gas from the at least one source to the tanks, and an electronic data processing and storage member, wherein the circuit comprises a first end connected to the at least one source of pressurized gas, a second end provided with a transfer pipe intended to be joined in removable fashion to the tanks to be filled, a first isolation valve positioned between the first and second ends, a member for regulation of flow rate or pressure, a second isolation valve, and a pressure sensor disposed between the first and second isolation valves, the station being suitable and configured for carrying out successive fillings of a first tank and then a second tank, the electronic data processing and storage member being adapted and configured to control the successive fillings and the first and second isolation valves and carry out a leak test between the filling of the first tank and the filling of the second tank during which the second tank is joined in leaktight fashion to the second end of the circuit, the leak test comprising the step of placing the second tank under pressure via an opening of the second valve at the end of the filling of the first tank, the electronic data processing and storage member being configured to:
close the first and second isolation valves in order to trap a supply of pressurized gas in the circuit between these two valves;
when the pressure of the trapped pressurized gas measured by the pressure sensor is greater than a predetermined threshold, cause performance of said leak test; and
when the pressure of the trapped pressurized gas measured by the pressure sensor is lower than the predetermined threshold, cause the first isolation valve to open in order to fill the circuit between the first and second isolation valves with the pressurized gas from the at least one source of pressurized gas until the predetermined threshold is reached or exceeded and subsequently cause the first isolation valve to close and cause performance of said leak test. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the circuit further comprises a heat exchanger for cooling the pressurized gas transferred to the tank to be filled that is disposed in between the first and second isolation valves. | 3,700 |
341,678 | 16,801,986 | 3,753 | A guidance system for a slide assembly for a mold for a plastic and/or silicone processing machine is presented. The processing machine comprises at least two mold halves with at least one slide assembly mounted to at least one mold half. The slide assembly is movable parallel to the plane of the parting line of the two mold halves and generally perpendicular to the direction of the plane of separation of the two mold halves after a part has been formed. The slide assembly comprises a carrier for holding cavity forming parts, gibs that secure the carrier to the mold half, and a series of rollers arranged to engage with the carrier such that the rollers roll with the movement of the carrier parallel to the parting line of the two mold halves. The rollers do not bear any of the compression force used to press the two mold halves together. | 1. A guidance system for a slide assembly for a mold for a plastic and/or silicone processing machine comprising:
wherein the processing machine comprises at least two mold halves with at least one slide assembly mounted to at least one mold half; wherein the slide assembly is movable parallel to the plane of the parting line of the two mold halves and generally perpendicular to the direction of the plane of separation of the two mold halves after a part has been formed; said slide assembly comprising:
a carrier for holding cavity forming parts;
gibs that secure said carrier to the mold half; and
a series of rollers arranged to engage with said carrier such that said rollers roll with the movement of said carrier parallel to the parting line of the two mold halves and said rollers do not bear any of the compression force used to press the two mold halves together. 2. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising at least one cam bar mounted to said carrier. 3. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising at least one cam bar mounted to said carrier and said rollers engage with said cam bars to engage with said carrier. 4. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising said rollers engage with said carrier. 5. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising a wear plate mounted between said carrier and said mold half. | A guidance system for a slide assembly for a mold for a plastic and/or silicone processing machine is presented. The processing machine comprises at least two mold halves with at least one slide assembly mounted to at least one mold half. The slide assembly is movable parallel to the plane of the parting line of the two mold halves and generally perpendicular to the direction of the plane of separation of the two mold halves after a part has been formed. The slide assembly comprises a carrier for holding cavity forming parts, gibs that secure the carrier to the mold half, and a series of rollers arranged to engage with the carrier such that the rollers roll with the movement of the carrier parallel to the parting line of the two mold halves. The rollers do not bear any of the compression force used to press the two mold halves together.1. A guidance system for a slide assembly for a mold for a plastic and/or silicone processing machine comprising:
wherein the processing machine comprises at least two mold halves with at least one slide assembly mounted to at least one mold half; wherein the slide assembly is movable parallel to the plane of the parting line of the two mold halves and generally perpendicular to the direction of the plane of separation of the two mold halves after a part has been formed; said slide assembly comprising:
a carrier for holding cavity forming parts;
gibs that secure said carrier to the mold half; and
a series of rollers arranged to engage with said carrier such that said rollers roll with the movement of said carrier parallel to the parting line of the two mold halves and said rollers do not bear any of the compression force used to press the two mold halves together. 2. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising at least one cam bar mounted to said carrier. 3. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising at least one cam bar mounted to said carrier and said rollers engage with said cam bars to engage with said carrier. 4. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising said rollers engage with said carrier. 5. The guidance system of claim 1 further comprising a wear plate mounted between said carrier and said mold half. | 3,700 |
341,679 | 16,801,993 | 3,753 | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer including a Ga2O3-based single crystal, and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises a Ga2O3-based single crystal; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1017/cm3. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1016/cm3. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor layer is not less than a width of a depletion layer derived from the electron carrier concentration. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an additional semiconductor layer comprising an n-type Ga2O3-based single crystal on a bottom side of the semiconductor layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6,
wherein the electron carrier concentration in the additional semiconductor layer is greater than 1×1018/cm3. 8. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises an oxide including Gallium; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode, and the semiconductor layer has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the oxide. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor layer is not less than a width of a depletion layer derived from the electron carrier concentration of the semiconductor layer. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1017/cm3. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1016/cm3. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, further comprising an additional semiconductor layer comprising a second oxide including Gallium on a bottom side of the semiconductor layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the electron carrier concentration in the additional semiconductor layer is greater than 1×1018/cm3. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the second oxide comprises an n-type Ga2O3-based crystal. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises a single layer structure or at least a dual layer structure, each layer including Ga2O3-based single crystal; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal, wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises at least the dual layer structure comprising:
a first layer including Ga2O3-based single crystal; and a second layer including an n-type Ga2O3-based single crystal on a bottom side of the first layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the first layer. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the first layer includes:
a flat upper surface formed on the opposite side to the second layer and a side surface inclined so as to extend from an outer edge of the upper surface toward the second layer,
a lower surface parallel to the upper surface is formed on the outer side of the side surface so as to surround the side surface, and
wherein the electrode layer is formed on the upper surface of the first layer at a predetermined distance from the side surface of the first layer, and further comprising a passivation film formed in a region between the periphery of the electrode layer to a portion of the lower surface of the first layer on the side surface of first layer. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, further comprising a resistive or p-type layer formed in a portion of the first layer of the semiconductor layer. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the passivation film is formed on the upper surface first layer at the periphery thereof,
wherein the electrode layer is formed at around the middle portion of the upper surface of the first layer, and wherein a portion of the electrode layer in a peripheral region covers the passivation film, and further comprising a resistive or p-type layer formed in the first layer on the upper surface side in a region including an interface between the electrode layer and the passivation film. | A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer including a Ga2O3-based single crystal, and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises a Ga2O3-based single crystal; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1017/cm3. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1016/cm3. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor layer is not less than a width of a depletion layer derived from the electron carrier concentration. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising an additional semiconductor layer comprising an n-type Ga2O3-based single crystal on a bottom side of the semiconductor layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6,
wherein the electron carrier concentration in the additional semiconductor layer is greater than 1×1018/cm3. 8. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises an oxide including Gallium; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode, and the semiconductor layer has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the oxide. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein a thickness of the semiconductor layer is not less than a width of a depletion layer derived from the electron carrier concentration of the semiconductor layer. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1017/cm3. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 8,
wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1016/cm3. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, further comprising an additional semiconductor layer comprising a second oxide including Gallium on a bottom side of the semiconductor layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13,
wherein the electron carrier concentration in the additional semiconductor layer is greater than 1×1018/cm3. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the second oxide comprises an n-type Ga2O3-based crystal. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor layer comprises a single layer structure or at least a dual layer structure, each layer including Ga2O3-based single crystal; and an electrode that is in contact with a surface of the semiconductor layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is in Schottky-contact with the electrode and has an electron carrier concentration based on reverse withstand voltage and electric field-breakdown strength of the Ga2O3-based single crystal, wherein an electron carrier concentration in the semiconductor layer is less than 1×1018/cm3. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises at least the dual layer structure comprising:
a first layer including Ga2O3-based single crystal; and a second layer including an n-type Ga2O3-based single crystal on a bottom side of the first layer and having an electron carrier concentration which is greater than the electron carrier concentration in the first layer. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 17,
wherein the first layer includes:
a flat upper surface formed on the opposite side to the second layer and a side surface inclined so as to extend from an outer edge of the upper surface toward the second layer,
a lower surface parallel to the upper surface is formed on the outer side of the side surface so as to surround the side surface, and
wherein the electrode layer is formed on the upper surface of the first layer at a predetermined distance from the side surface of the first layer, and further comprising a passivation film formed in a region between the periphery of the electrode layer to a portion of the lower surface of the first layer on the side surface of first layer. 19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, further comprising a resistive or p-type layer formed in a portion of the first layer of the semiconductor layer. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the passivation film is formed on the upper surface first layer at the periphery thereof,
wherein the electrode layer is formed at around the middle portion of the upper surface of the first layer, and wherein a portion of the electrode layer in a peripheral region covers the passivation film, and further comprising a resistive or p-type layer formed in the first layer on the upper surface side in a region including an interface between the electrode layer and the passivation film. | 3,700 |
341,680 | 16,802,035 | 3,753 | Apparatus (40) for compressing a transcatheter cardiac stent-valve (10) comprises: a first compressor stage (100) including a hollow channel (42) with a tapered interior surface configured for compressing a stent-valve in response to longitudinal advancement of the stent-valve within the channel; and a second compressor stage (102) comprising a crimper for compressing a portion of the stent-valve without longitudinal advancement. | 1. An apparatus configured to compress a cardiac stent-valve for loading into a delivery catheter, the apparatus comprising:
a first compressor stage for compressing the stent-valve, wherein the first compressor stage comprises a hollow channel, and the first compressor stage is configured for progressively compressing the stent-valve in response to, or in association with, longitudinal advancement of an advancing member against the stent-valve within the hollow channel; and a second compressor stage coupled or couplable to the first compressor stage and configured to further compress a portion of the stent-valve after passing through the first compressor stage. | Apparatus (40) for compressing a transcatheter cardiac stent-valve (10) comprises: a first compressor stage (100) including a hollow channel (42) with a tapered interior surface configured for compressing a stent-valve in response to longitudinal advancement of the stent-valve within the channel; and a second compressor stage (102) comprising a crimper for compressing a portion of the stent-valve without longitudinal advancement.1. An apparatus configured to compress a cardiac stent-valve for loading into a delivery catheter, the apparatus comprising:
a first compressor stage for compressing the stent-valve, wherein the first compressor stage comprises a hollow channel, and the first compressor stage is configured for progressively compressing the stent-valve in response to, or in association with, longitudinal advancement of an advancing member against the stent-valve within the hollow channel; and a second compressor stage coupled or couplable to the first compressor stage and configured to further compress a portion of the stent-valve after passing through the first compressor stage. | 3,700 |
341,681 | 16,802,033 | 3,654 | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly pivotally connected between the fixing portion and the moving portion, a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, and a driving assembly including a clutch assembly, a motor, and a driving gear assembly connected to the clutch assembly. The clutch assembly is disposed between the fixing portion and the linkage assembly and includes a first clutch member and a second clutch member. When a relative rotational torque between the first clutch member and the second clutch member is greater than a predetermined resistance, the first clutch teeth and the second clutch teeth shift relatively. Thereby, the driving gear assembly or the output shaft of the motor could be prevented from damaging. | 1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor, a driving gear assembly, and a clutch assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the clutch assembly, so that the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly and the clutch assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; the clutch assembly is pivotally connected between the fixing portion and the linkage assembly and comprises a first clutch member and a second clutch member which is abutted against the first clutch member in an axial direction of the clutch assembly; the first clutch member has a plurality of first clutch teeth extending toward the second clutch member; the second clutch member has a plurality of second clutch teeth extending toward the first clutch member; the second clutch teeth are meshed with the first clutch teeth; wherein when a relative rotational torque between the first clutch member and the second clutch member is greater than a predetermined resistance, the first clutch teeth and the second clutch teeth shift relatively. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the clutch assembly comprises a biasing member adapted to provide a biasing force in the axial direction as the predetermined resistance of the clutch assembly, thereby to make the second clutch teeth be meshed with the first clutch teeth. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the first clutch member has a plurality of gear teeth extending in a radial direction of the first clutch member, and is meshed with the driving gear assembly via the gear teeth; the biasing member is disposed on a biasing portion of the first clutch member; the biasing portion and the first clutch teeth face opposite directions. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 3, wherein the biasing member comprises a plurality of belleville springs. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 3, further comprising a shaft; the biasing member, the first clutch member, and the second clutch member sequentially fit around the shaft. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the biasing portion of the first clutch member has an annular groove; the biasing member is disposed in the annular groove. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the shaft has an extending section extending in a radial direction of the shaft; the biasing member is disposed between the extending section of the shaft and the extending section, and the extending section abuts against the biasing member. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 7, wherein the second clutch member has a threaded hole located at an axial direction of the second clutch member; the shaft has a threaded section, and passes through the first clutch member, and is engaged with the threaded hole of the second clutch member via the threaded section. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly comprises two connecting shafts; two ends of each of the connecting shafts are respectively and pivotally connected to the fixing portion and the moving portion; the driving assembly is disposed one of the connecting shafts. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the connecting shafts includes a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft; the second connecting shaft is located between the first connecting shaft and the chain guide assembly. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the clutch assembly is disposed on a portion of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly; one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to one of the fixing portion and the moving portion via the clutch assembly. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to a pivot end of the fixing portion via the clutch assembly. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to a pivot end of the moving portion via the clutch assembly. 14. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnet; the magnet is disposed on the pivot end and is located on one of the ends of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 15. The rear derailleur of claim 13, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnet; the magnet is disposed on the pivot end and is located on one of the ends of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 16. The rear derailleur of claim 14, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnetic sensor; the magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly and is adjacent to the magnet without physically contacting the magnet; the magnetic sensor is adapted to detect a relative position between the magnet and one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 17. The rear derailleur of claim 15, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnetic sensor; the magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly and is adjacent to the magnet without physically contacting the magnet; the magnetic sensor is adapted to detect a relative position between the magnet and one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 18. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein a surface of the magnet faces the magnetic sensor, and another surface of the magnet faces one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 19. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein a surface of the magnet faces the magnetic sensor, and another surface of the magnet faces one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 20. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein the driving assembly comprises a circuit board electrically connected to the magnetic sensor. 21. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein the driving assembly comprises a circuit board electrically connected to the magnetic sensor. 22. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly comprises a motor bracket adapted to dispose the motor; an end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the fixing portion, and another end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the moving portion. 23. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly comprises a motor bracket adapted to dispose the motor; an end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the fixing portion, and another end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the moving portion. 24. The rear derailleur of claim 22, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed on the case. 25. The rear derailleur of claim 23, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed on the case. 26. The rear derailleur of claim 24, wherein the case has an extending portion extending to be located between the magnet and the magnetic sensor. 27. The rear derailleur of claim 25, wherein the case has an extending portion extending to be located between the magnet and the magnetic sensor. 28. The rear derailleur of claim 26, wherein the case comprises a cover which covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 29. The rear derailleur of claim 27, wherein the case comprises a cover which covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 30. The rear derailleur of claim 28, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. 31. The rear derailleur of claim 29, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. | A rear derailleur of a bicycle includes a fixing portion connected to a frame of the bicycle, a linkage assembly pivotally connected between the fixing portion and the moving portion, a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly, a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion, and a driving assembly including a clutch assembly, a motor, and a driving gear assembly connected to the clutch assembly. The clutch assembly is disposed between the fixing portion and the linkage assembly and includes a first clutch member and a second clutch member. When a relative rotational torque between the first clutch member and the second clutch member is greater than a predetermined resistance, the first clutch teeth and the second clutch teeth shift relatively. Thereby, the driving gear assembly or the output shaft of the motor could be prevented from damaging.1. A rear derailleur of a bicycle, comprising:
a fixing portion which is adapted to be connected to a frame of the bicycle; a linkage assembly pivotally connected to the fixing portion; a moving portion pivotally connected to the linkage assembly; a chain guide assembly connected to the moving portion; and a driving assembly comprising a motor, a driving gear assembly, and a clutch assembly, wherein the motor comprises an output shaft adapted to drive the driving gear assembly; the driving gear assembly is connected to the clutch assembly, so that the output shaft of the motor drives the linkage assembly to pivot via the driving gear assembly and the clutch assembly, thereby to drive the moving portion and the chain guide assembly to move; the clutch assembly is pivotally connected between the fixing portion and the linkage assembly and comprises a first clutch member and a second clutch member which is abutted against the first clutch member in an axial direction of the clutch assembly; the first clutch member has a plurality of first clutch teeth extending toward the second clutch member; the second clutch member has a plurality of second clutch teeth extending toward the first clutch member; the second clutch teeth are meshed with the first clutch teeth; wherein when a relative rotational torque between the first clutch member and the second clutch member is greater than a predetermined resistance, the first clutch teeth and the second clutch teeth shift relatively. 2. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the clutch assembly comprises a biasing member adapted to provide a biasing force in the axial direction as the predetermined resistance of the clutch assembly, thereby to make the second clutch teeth be meshed with the first clutch teeth. 3. The rear derailleur of claim 2, wherein the first clutch member has a plurality of gear teeth extending in a radial direction of the first clutch member, and is meshed with the driving gear assembly via the gear teeth; the biasing member is disposed on a biasing portion of the first clutch member; the biasing portion and the first clutch teeth face opposite directions. 4. The rear derailleur of claim 3, wherein the biasing member comprises a plurality of belleville springs. 5. The rear derailleur of claim 3, further comprising a shaft; the biasing member, the first clutch member, and the second clutch member sequentially fit around the shaft. 6. The rear derailleur of claim 5, wherein the biasing portion of the first clutch member has an annular groove; the biasing member is disposed in the annular groove. 7. The rear derailleur of claim 6, wherein the shaft has an extending section extending in a radial direction of the shaft; the biasing member is disposed between the extending section of the shaft and the extending section, and the extending section abuts against the biasing member. 8. The rear derailleur of claim 7, wherein the second clutch member has a threaded hole located at an axial direction of the second clutch member; the shaft has a threaded section, and passes through the first clutch member, and is engaged with the threaded hole of the second clutch member via the threaded section. 9. The rear derailleur of claim 1, wherein the linkage assembly comprises two connecting shafts; two ends of each of the connecting shafts are respectively and pivotally connected to the fixing portion and the moving portion; the driving assembly is disposed one of the connecting shafts. 10. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the connecting shafts includes a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft; the second connecting shaft is located between the first connecting shaft and the chain guide assembly. 11. The rear derailleur of claim 9, wherein the clutch assembly is disposed on a portion of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly; one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to one of the fixing portion and the moving portion via the clutch assembly. 12. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to a pivot end of the fixing portion via the clutch assembly. 13. The rear derailleur of claim 11, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly is pivotally connected to a pivot end of the moving portion via the clutch assembly. 14. The rear derailleur of claim 12, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnet; the magnet is disposed on the pivot end and is located on one of the ends of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 15. The rear derailleur of claim 13, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnet; the magnet is disposed on the pivot end and is located on one of the ends of one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 16. The rear derailleur of claim 14, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnetic sensor; the magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly and is adjacent to the magnet without physically contacting the magnet; the magnetic sensor is adapted to detect a relative position between the magnet and one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 17. The rear derailleur of claim 15, wherein the driving assembly comprises a magnetic sensor; the magnetic sensor is disposed on one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly and is adjacent to the magnet without physically contacting the magnet; the magnetic sensor is adapted to detect a relative position between the magnet and one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 18. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein a surface of the magnet faces the magnetic sensor, and another surface of the magnet faces one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 19. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein a surface of the magnet faces the magnetic sensor, and another surface of the magnet faces one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly. 20. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein the driving assembly comprises a circuit board electrically connected to the magnetic sensor. 21. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein the driving assembly comprises a circuit board electrically connected to the magnetic sensor. 22. The rear derailleur of claim 16, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly comprises a motor bracket adapted to dispose the motor; an end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the fixing portion, and another end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the moving portion. 23. The rear derailleur of claim 17, wherein one of the connecting shafts which provides with the driving assembly comprises a motor bracket adapted to dispose the motor; an end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the fixing portion, and another end of the motor bracket is pivotally connected to the moving portion. 24. The rear derailleur of claim 22, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed on the case. 25. The rear derailleur of claim 23, wherein the linkage assembly comprises a case engaged with the motor bracket; the magnetic sensor is disposed on the case. 26. The rear derailleur of claim 24, wherein the case has an extending portion extending to be located between the magnet and the magnetic sensor. 27. The rear derailleur of claim 25, wherein the case has an extending portion extending to be located between the magnet and the magnetic sensor. 28. The rear derailleur of claim 26, wherein the case comprises a cover which covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 29. The rear derailleur of claim 27, wherein the case comprises a cover which covers the magnetic sensor and the extending portion. 30. The rear derailleur of claim 28, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. 31. The rear derailleur of claim 29, wherein the motor bracket has at least one receiving space; the motor and the driving gear assembly are disposed in the at least one receiving space. | 3,600 |
341,682 | 16,802,049 | 3,654 | A system and method for remotely monitoring confined work spaces. The system can have subcomponents including a badging station for recording ingress and egress in and out of the work space, intercom systems for inside and outside of the work space, alarm systems inside and outside of the work space, cameras located inside and outside of the work space, and a gas detector for detecting gases in the work space. The subcomponents can be connected to a control panel that can relay data and communications to and from the subcomponents to a central dispatch center. | 1. A system for remotely monitoring a confined work space, the system comprising:
a control panel configured for installation at a work site comprising the confined work space, the control panel further configured for communication with a central dispatch center (“CDC”); a badging station operatively connected to the control panel, the badging station configured for installation external to the confined work space and proximate to an entrance to the confined work space, the badging station comprising an ingress badge reader and an egress badge reader configured for monitoring ingress and egress into and out of the confined work space, the ingress badge reader configured for generating ingress data, the egress badge reader configured for generating egress data, the badging station further configured to transmit the ingress data and the egress data to the control panel; an internal intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal intercom system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving internal audible communication with the control panel; an internal alarm system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal alarm system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal alarm system further configured to emit an internal alarm when working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe; and an internal camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal camera configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal camera further configured for transmitting internal images of the confined work space to the control panel. 2. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
an external intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the external intercom system configured for installation outside of the confined work space, the external intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving external audible communications with the control panel; and an external camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the external camera configured for installation outside of an entrance to the confined work space, the external camera further configured for transmitting external images to the control panel. 3. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a gas detector operatively coupled to the control panel, the gas detector configured to detect one or more gases in the confined work space, the gas detector further configured to generate and transmit gas detection data to the CDC when the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space. 4. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a communications link to the CDC, wherein the communications link is configured to facilitate transmission of one or more of the ingress data, the egress data, the internal audible communication, the internal alarm and the internal images to or from the CDC. 5. The system as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a communications link to the CDC, wherein the communications link is configured to facilitate transmission of one or more of the external audible communication and the external images to or from the CDC. 6. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the internal intercom system further comprises a first strobe light configured to illuminate when the internal intercom system is operating. 7. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the internal alarm system further comprises one or both of a first audible alarm siren and a second strobe light, both of which are configured to operate during the internal alarm. 8. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the external intercom system further comprises a visual indicator configured to illuminate when the external intercom system is operating. 9. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein one or more of the control panel, the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system and the internal camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 10. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein one or more of the external intercom system and the external camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 11. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the control panel comprises:
an access controller configured for communication with the CDC; a power over ethernet (“POE”) switch configured to operatively connect one or more of the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system, the internal camera, the external intercom system and the external camera to the access controller; a power supply operatively coupled to the access controller and to the POE switch; and a back-up battery operatively coupled to the power supply. 12. The system as set forth in claim 11, wherein the access controller is disposed inside of an explosion-proof controller enclosure. 13. A method for remotely monitoring a confined work space, the method comprising:
installing a system at a work site comprising the confined work space, the system configured for remotely monitoring the confined work space, the system comprising:
a control panel configured for installation at a work site comprising the confined work space, the control panel further configured for communication with a central dispatch center (“CDC”);
a badging station operatively connected to the control panel, the badging station configured for installation external to the confined work space and proximate to an entrance to the confined work space, the badging station comprising an ingress badge reader and an egress badge reader configured for monitoring ingress and egress into and out of the confined work space, the ingress badge reader configured for generating ingress data, the egress badge reader configured for generating egress data, the badging station further configured to transmit the ingress data and the egress data to the control panel;
an internal intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal intercom system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving internal audible communication with the control panel;
an internal alarm system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal alarm system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal alarm system further configured to emit an internal alarm when working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe; and
an internal camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal camera configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal camera further configured for transmitting internal images of the confined work space to the control panel;
monitoring ingress and egress of personnel into and out of the confined work space with the badging station; if verbal communication is to be made with the personnel in the confined work space, then communicating with the personnel via the internal intercom system; and if working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe, then emitting the internal alarm via the internal alarm system. 14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the system further comprises:
an external intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the external intercom system configured for installation outside of the confined work space, the external intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving external audible communications with the control panel; and an external camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the external camera configured for installation outside of an entrance to the confined work space, the external camera further configured for transmitting external images to the control panel. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, further comprising:
if verbal communication is to be made with personnel located outside of the confined work space, then communicating with said personnel via the external intercom system. 16. The method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising:
installing a gas detector proximate to the confined work space, the gas detector configured to detect one or more gases in the confined work space, the gas detector further configured to generate and transmit gas detection data to the control panel when the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space; and if the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space by the gas detector, then transmitting the gas detection data to the CDC. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, further comprising transmitting one or more of the ingress data, the egress data, the internal audible communication, the internal alarm, the internal images and the gas detection data to or from the CDC. 18. The method as set forth in claim 14, further comprising transmitting one or more of the external audible communication and the external images to or from the CDC. 19. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein communicating via the internal intercom system comprises illuminating a first strobe light disposed in the confined work space. 20. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein emitting the internal alarm comprises one or more of sounding a first audible alarm siren and illuminating a second strobe light. 21. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein communicating via the external intercom system comprises illuminating a visual indicator. 22. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein one or more of the control panel, the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system and the internal camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 23. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein one or more of the external intercom system and the external camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 24. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein the control panel comprises:
an access controller configured for communication with the CDC; a power over ethernet (“POE”) switch configured to operatively connect one or more of the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system, the internal camera, the external intercom system and the external camera to the access controller; a power supply operatively coupled to the access controller and to the POE switch; and a back-up battery operatively coupled to the power supply. 25. The method as set forth in claim 24, wherein the access controller is disposed inside of an explosion-proof controller enclosure. | A system and method for remotely monitoring confined work spaces. The system can have subcomponents including a badging station for recording ingress and egress in and out of the work space, intercom systems for inside and outside of the work space, alarm systems inside and outside of the work space, cameras located inside and outside of the work space, and a gas detector for detecting gases in the work space. The subcomponents can be connected to a control panel that can relay data and communications to and from the subcomponents to a central dispatch center.1. A system for remotely monitoring a confined work space, the system comprising:
a control panel configured for installation at a work site comprising the confined work space, the control panel further configured for communication with a central dispatch center (“CDC”); a badging station operatively connected to the control panel, the badging station configured for installation external to the confined work space and proximate to an entrance to the confined work space, the badging station comprising an ingress badge reader and an egress badge reader configured for monitoring ingress and egress into and out of the confined work space, the ingress badge reader configured for generating ingress data, the egress badge reader configured for generating egress data, the badging station further configured to transmit the ingress data and the egress data to the control panel; an internal intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal intercom system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving internal audible communication with the control panel; an internal alarm system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal alarm system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal alarm system further configured to emit an internal alarm when working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe; and an internal camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal camera configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal camera further configured for transmitting internal images of the confined work space to the control panel. 2. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:
an external intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the external intercom system configured for installation outside of the confined work space, the external intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving external audible communications with the control panel; and an external camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the external camera configured for installation outside of an entrance to the confined work space, the external camera further configured for transmitting external images to the control panel. 3. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a gas detector operatively coupled to the control panel, the gas detector configured to detect one or more gases in the confined work space, the gas detector further configured to generate and transmit gas detection data to the CDC when the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space. 4. The system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a communications link to the CDC, wherein the communications link is configured to facilitate transmission of one or more of the ingress data, the egress data, the internal audible communication, the internal alarm and the internal images to or from the CDC. 5. The system as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a communications link to the CDC, wherein the communications link is configured to facilitate transmission of one or more of the external audible communication and the external images to or from the CDC. 6. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the internal intercom system further comprises a first strobe light configured to illuminate when the internal intercom system is operating. 7. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the internal alarm system further comprises one or both of a first audible alarm siren and a second strobe light, both of which are configured to operate during the internal alarm. 8. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the external intercom system further comprises a visual indicator configured to illuminate when the external intercom system is operating. 9. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein one or more of the control panel, the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system and the internal camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 10. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein one or more of the external intercom system and the external camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 11. The system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the control panel comprises:
an access controller configured for communication with the CDC; a power over ethernet (“POE”) switch configured to operatively connect one or more of the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system, the internal camera, the external intercom system and the external camera to the access controller; a power supply operatively coupled to the access controller and to the POE switch; and a back-up battery operatively coupled to the power supply. 12. The system as set forth in claim 11, wherein the access controller is disposed inside of an explosion-proof controller enclosure. 13. A method for remotely monitoring a confined work space, the method comprising:
installing a system at a work site comprising the confined work space, the system configured for remotely monitoring the confined work space, the system comprising:
a control panel configured for installation at a work site comprising the confined work space, the control panel further configured for communication with a central dispatch center (“CDC”);
a badging station operatively connected to the control panel, the badging station configured for installation external to the confined work space and proximate to an entrance to the confined work space, the badging station comprising an ingress badge reader and an egress badge reader configured for monitoring ingress and egress into and out of the confined work space, the ingress badge reader configured for generating ingress data, the egress badge reader configured for generating egress data, the badging station further configured to transmit the ingress data and the egress data to the control panel;
an internal intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal intercom system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving internal audible communication with the control panel;
an internal alarm system operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal alarm system configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal alarm system further configured to emit an internal alarm when working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe; and
an internal camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the internal camera configured for installation inside of the confined work space, the internal camera further configured for transmitting internal images of the confined work space to the control panel;
monitoring ingress and egress of personnel into and out of the confined work space with the badging station; if verbal communication is to be made with the personnel in the confined work space, then communicating with the personnel via the internal intercom system; and if working conditions at the work site or in the confined work space are unsafe, then emitting the internal alarm via the internal alarm system. 14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the system further comprises:
an external intercom system operatively coupled to the control panel, the external intercom system configured for installation outside of the confined work space, the external intercom system further configured for transmitting and receiving external audible communications with the control panel; and an external camera operatively coupled to the control panel, the external camera configured for installation outside of an entrance to the confined work space, the external camera further configured for transmitting external images to the control panel. 15. The method as set forth in claim 14, further comprising:
if verbal communication is to be made with personnel located outside of the confined work space, then communicating with said personnel via the external intercom system. 16. The method as set forth in claim 13, further comprising:
installing a gas detector proximate to the confined work space, the gas detector configured to detect one or more gases in the confined work space, the gas detector further configured to generate and transmit gas detection data to the control panel when the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space; and if the one or more gases are detected in the confined work space by the gas detector, then transmitting the gas detection data to the CDC. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, further comprising transmitting one or more of the ingress data, the egress data, the internal audible communication, the internal alarm, the internal images and the gas detection data to or from the CDC. 18. The method as set forth in claim 14, further comprising transmitting one or more of the external audible communication and the external images to or from the CDC. 19. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein communicating via the internal intercom system comprises illuminating a first strobe light disposed in the confined work space. 20. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein emitting the internal alarm comprises one or more of sounding a first audible alarm siren and illuminating a second strobe light. 21. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein communicating via the external intercom system comprises illuminating a visual indicator. 22. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein one or more of the control panel, the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system and the internal camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 23. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein one or more of the external intercom system and the external camera are disposed in hazardous location-rated enclosures. 24. The method as set forth in claim 14, wherein the control panel comprises:
an access controller configured for communication with the CDC; a power over ethernet (“POE”) switch configured to operatively connect one or more of the badging station, the internal intercom system, the internal alarm system, the internal camera, the external intercom system and the external camera to the access controller; a power supply operatively coupled to the access controller and to the POE switch; and a back-up battery operatively coupled to the power supply. 25. The method as set forth in claim 24, wherein the access controller is disposed inside of an explosion-proof controller enclosure. | 3,600 |
341,683 | 16,802,025 | 3,654 | Techniques are disclosed for display systems and methods associated with pulse detection and imaging. In one example, a system includes an imaging device configured to capture an image that includes a light pulse of a pulse sequence. The system further includes a display device. The display device is configured to receive data associated with the pulse sequence, where the data includes a location of the light pulse. The display device is further configured to display the image and an overlay on the image. The overlay is indicative of the location of the light pulse. Related devices and methods are also provided. | 1. A system comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture a first image that includes a first mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse of a first pulse sequence; and a display device configured to:
receive data associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the data comprises a location of the first MWIR light pulse; and
display the first image and a first overlay on the first image, wherein the first overlay is indicative of the location of the first MWIR light pulse. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data further comprises a pulse repetition frequency associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the display device is configured to display the first image, the first overlay on the first image, and a second overlay on the first image, and wherein the second overlay is indicative of the pulse repetition frequency. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first overlay comprises a crosshair symbol, the data further comprises laser spot position information, pulse rate information, and predictive timing pulses, and wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to capture a non-light-pulse image; and the display device is further configured to display the non-light-pulse image and the first overlay on the non-light-pulse image. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to capture a second image that includes a second MWIR light pulse associated with a second pulse sequence different from the first pulse sequence; and the display device is further configured to display the second image and a second overlay on the second image, wherein the second overlay is indicative of a location of the second MWIR light pulse, and wherein the display device is configured to display the second image, the first overlay on the second image, and the second overlay on the second image. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light pulse detection device configured to:
determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse; and provide information indicative of the location to one or more devices, wherein the one or more devices comprise the imaging device, the display device, and/or a gimbal. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises MWIR optics and a multi-element detector. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises:
a detector comprising a multi-element detector; an optical element configured to direct the first MWIR light pulse to the detector; and a processor circuit configured to determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse based on one or more signals generated by the detector in response to the first MWIR light pulse, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse comprises an azimuth angle associated with the first MWIR light pulse and an elevation angle associated with the first MWIR light pulse, and wherein the multi-element detector comprises: a first detector configured to generate a first photocurrent I1 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; a second detector configured to generate a second photocurrent I2 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; a third detector configured to generate a third photocurrent I3 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; and a fourth detector configured to generate a fourth photocurrent I4 in response to the first MWIR light pulse, wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse based on the first, second, third, and fourth photocurrents. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor circuit is configured to:
determine the azimuth angle based on (I1+I3)−(I2+I4)/I1+I2+I3+I4; and determine the elevation angle based on (I3+I4)−(I1+I2)/I1+I2+I3+I4. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light pulse detection device configured to:
detect a second MWIR light pulse; determine that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence; determine first timing information associated with the first MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence, wherein the first MWIR light pulse is subsequent to the second MWIR light pulse; and generate first data associated with the first timing information, wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to determine a first integration period based on the first data; and
the imaging device is configured to capture the first image using the first integration period. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the light pulse detection device is further configured to determine second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; and the imaging device is further configured to, based on the second timing information, not capture any image that includes the third MWIR light pulse. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the light pulse detection device is further configured to detect a third MWIR light pulse, and wherein the light pulse detection device is configured to determine that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence based at least on a time difference between detection of the third MWIR light pulse by the light pulse detection device and detection of the second MWIR light pulse by the light pulse detection device. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the light pulse detection device is further configured to determine second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; and the imaging device is further configured to:
determine a second integration period based on the second timing information; and
capture, using the second integration period, a second image that includes the third MWIR light pulse; and
the display device is further configured to display the second image and the first overlay on the second image, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse is the same as a location of the third MWIR light pulse, wherein: the display device is further configured to display, during a second time duration subsequent to a first time duration, one or more non-light-pulse images; and the display device configured to:
display, during the first time duration, the first image and the first overlay on the first image; and
display, during a third time duration subsequent to the second time duration, the second image and the first overlay on the second image. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the display device is configured to display, during the second time duration, the one or more non-light-pulse images and the first overlay on each of the one or more non-light-pulse images. 14. A method comprising:
capturing a first image that includes a first mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse of a first pulse sequence; receiving data associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the data comprises a location of the first MWIR light pulse; and displaying the first image and a first overlay on the first image, wherein the first overlay is indicative of the location of the first MWIR light pulse. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the data further comprises:
a pulse repetition frequency associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the displaying comprises displaying the first image, the first overlay on the first image, and a second overlay on the first image, and wherein the second overlay is indicative of the pulse repetition frequency; capturing a non-light-pulse image; and displaying the non-light-pulse image and the first overlay on the non-light-pulse image. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting a second MWIR light pulse; determining that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence; determining first timing information associated with the first MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence, wherein the first MWIR light pulse is subsequent to the second MWIR light pulse; determining a first integration period based on the first timing information wherein the capturing comprises capturing the first image using the first integration period; determining second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; determining a second integration period based on the second timing information; capturing, using the second integration period, a second image that includes the third MWIR light pulse; and displaying the second image and the first overlay on the second image, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse is the same as a location of the third MWIR light pulse; wherein the first image and the first overlay are displayed during a first time duration, wherein the second image and the first overlay are displayed during a third time duration subsequent to a second time duration, the method further comprising: displaying one or more non-light-pulse images during the second time duration subsequent to the first time duration. 17. A system comprising:
a light pulse detection device configured to:
determine a location of a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse; and
provide information indicative of at least the location to one or more devices. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more devices comprise an imaging device, a display device, and/or a gimbal. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture an image that includes the MWIR light pulse; and a display device configured to display the image and an overlay on the image, wherein the overlay is indicative of the location of the MWIR light pulse. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises:
a detector; an optical element configured to direct the MWIR light pulse to the detector; and a processor circuit configured to determine the location of the MWIR light pulse based on one or more signals generated by the detector in response to the MWIR light pulse; wherein the detector comprises a multi-element detector, wherein the location of the MWIR light pulse comprises an azimuth angle associated with the MWIR light pulse and an elevation angle associated with the MWIR light pulse; wherein the multi-element detector comprises: a first detector configured to generate a first photocurrent I1 in response to the MWIR light pulse; a second detector configured to generate a second photocurrent I2 in response to the MWIR light pulse; a third detector configured to generate a third photocurrent I3 in response to the MWIR light pulse; and a fourth detector configured to generate a fourth photocurrent I4 in response to the MWIR light pulse, wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the location of the MWIR light pulse based on the first, second, third, and fourth photocurrents, and wherein the processor circuit is configured to: | Techniques are disclosed for display systems and methods associated with pulse detection and imaging. In one example, a system includes an imaging device configured to capture an image that includes a light pulse of a pulse sequence. The system further includes a display device. The display device is configured to receive data associated with the pulse sequence, where the data includes a location of the light pulse. The display device is further configured to display the image and an overlay on the image. The overlay is indicative of the location of the light pulse. Related devices and methods are also provided.1. A system comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture a first image that includes a first mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse of a first pulse sequence; and a display device configured to:
receive data associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the data comprises a location of the first MWIR light pulse; and
display the first image and a first overlay on the first image, wherein the first overlay is indicative of the location of the first MWIR light pulse. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data further comprises a pulse repetition frequency associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the display device is configured to display the first image, the first overlay on the first image, and a second overlay on the first image, and wherein the second overlay is indicative of the pulse repetition frequency. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first overlay comprises a crosshair symbol, the data further comprises laser spot position information, pulse rate information, and predictive timing pulses, and wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to capture a non-light-pulse image; and the display device is further configured to display the non-light-pulse image and the first overlay on the non-light-pulse image. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to capture a second image that includes a second MWIR light pulse associated with a second pulse sequence different from the first pulse sequence; and the display device is further configured to display the second image and a second overlay on the second image, wherein the second overlay is indicative of a location of the second MWIR light pulse, and wherein the display device is configured to display the second image, the first overlay on the second image, and the second overlay on the second image. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light pulse detection device configured to:
determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse; and provide information indicative of the location to one or more devices, wherein the one or more devices comprise the imaging device, the display device, and/or a gimbal. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises MWIR optics and a multi-element detector. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises:
a detector comprising a multi-element detector; an optical element configured to direct the first MWIR light pulse to the detector; and a processor circuit configured to determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse based on one or more signals generated by the detector in response to the first MWIR light pulse, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse comprises an azimuth angle associated with the first MWIR light pulse and an elevation angle associated with the first MWIR light pulse, and wherein the multi-element detector comprises: a first detector configured to generate a first photocurrent I1 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; a second detector configured to generate a second photocurrent I2 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; a third detector configured to generate a third photocurrent I3 in response to the first MWIR light pulse; and a fourth detector configured to generate a fourth photocurrent I4 in response to the first MWIR light pulse, wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the location of the first MWIR light pulse based on the first, second, third, and fourth photocurrents. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor circuit is configured to:
determine the azimuth angle based on (I1+I3)−(I2+I4)/I1+I2+I3+I4; and determine the elevation angle based on (I3+I4)−(I1+I2)/I1+I2+I3+I4. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light pulse detection device configured to:
detect a second MWIR light pulse; determine that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence; determine first timing information associated with the first MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence, wherein the first MWIR light pulse is subsequent to the second MWIR light pulse; and generate first data associated with the first timing information, wherein:
the imaging device is further configured to determine a first integration period based on the first data; and
the imaging device is configured to capture the first image using the first integration period. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the light pulse detection device is further configured to determine second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; and the imaging device is further configured to, based on the second timing information, not capture any image that includes the third MWIR light pulse. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the light pulse detection device is further configured to detect a third MWIR light pulse, and wherein the light pulse detection device is configured to determine that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence based at least on a time difference between detection of the third MWIR light pulse by the light pulse detection device and detection of the second MWIR light pulse by the light pulse detection device. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the light pulse detection device is further configured to determine second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; and the imaging device is further configured to:
determine a second integration period based on the second timing information; and
capture, using the second integration period, a second image that includes the third MWIR light pulse; and
the display device is further configured to display the second image and the first overlay on the second image, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse is the same as a location of the third MWIR light pulse, wherein: the display device is further configured to display, during a second time duration subsequent to a first time duration, one or more non-light-pulse images; and the display device configured to:
display, during the first time duration, the first image and the first overlay on the first image; and
display, during a third time duration subsequent to the second time duration, the second image and the first overlay on the second image. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the display device is configured to display, during the second time duration, the one or more non-light-pulse images and the first overlay on each of the one or more non-light-pulse images. 14. A method comprising:
capturing a first image that includes a first mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse of a first pulse sequence; receiving data associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the data comprises a location of the first MWIR light pulse; and displaying the first image and a first overlay on the first image, wherein the first overlay is indicative of the location of the first MWIR light pulse. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the data further comprises:
a pulse repetition frequency associated with the first pulse sequence, wherein the displaying comprises displaying the first image, the first overlay on the first image, and a second overlay on the first image, and wherein the second overlay is indicative of the pulse repetition frequency; capturing a non-light-pulse image; and displaying the non-light-pulse image and the first overlay on the non-light-pulse image. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
detecting a second MWIR light pulse; determining that the second MWIR light pulse is associated with the first pulse sequence; determining first timing information associated with the first MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence, wherein the first MWIR light pulse is subsequent to the second MWIR light pulse; determining a first integration period based on the first timing information wherein the capturing comprises capturing the first image using the first integration period; determining second timing information associated with a third MWIR light pulse of the first pulse sequence; determining a second integration period based on the second timing information; capturing, using the second integration period, a second image that includes the third MWIR light pulse; and displaying the second image and the first overlay on the second image, wherein the location of the first MWIR light pulse is the same as a location of the third MWIR light pulse; wherein the first image and the first overlay are displayed during a first time duration, wherein the second image and the first overlay are displayed during a third time duration subsequent to a second time duration, the method further comprising: displaying one or more non-light-pulse images during the second time duration subsequent to the first time duration. 17. A system comprising:
a light pulse detection device configured to:
determine a location of a mid-wave infrared (MWIR) light pulse; and
provide information indicative of at least the location to one or more devices. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the one or more devices comprise an imaging device, a display device, and/or a gimbal. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising:
an imaging device configured to capture an image that includes the MWIR light pulse; and a display device configured to display the image and an overlay on the image, wherein the overlay is indicative of the location of the MWIR light pulse. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the light pulse detection device comprises:
a detector; an optical element configured to direct the MWIR light pulse to the detector; and a processor circuit configured to determine the location of the MWIR light pulse based on one or more signals generated by the detector in response to the MWIR light pulse; wherein the detector comprises a multi-element detector, wherein the location of the MWIR light pulse comprises an azimuth angle associated with the MWIR light pulse and an elevation angle associated with the MWIR light pulse; wherein the multi-element detector comprises: a first detector configured to generate a first photocurrent I1 in response to the MWIR light pulse; a second detector configured to generate a second photocurrent I2 in response to the MWIR light pulse; a third detector configured to generate a third photocurrent I3 in response to the MWIR light pulse; and a fourth detector configured to generate a fourth photocurrent I4 in response to the MWIR light pulse, wherein the processor circuit is configured to determine the location of the MWIR light pulse based on the first, second, third, and fourth photocurrents, and wherein the processor circuit is configured to: | 3,600 |
341,684 | 16,802,045 | 3,654 | System and method to produce an anonymized cohort having less than a predetermined risk of re-identification. The method includes receiving a data query of requested traits for the anonymized cohort, querying a data source to find records that possess at least some of the traits, forming a dataset from at least some of the records, and grouping the dataset in time into a first boundary group, a second boundary group, and one or more non-boundary groups temporally between the first boundary group and second boundary group. For each non-boundary group, calculating maximum time limits the non-boundary group can be time-shifted without overlapping an adjacent group, calculating a group jitter amount, capping the group jitter amount by the maximum time limits and by respective predetermined jitter limits, and jittering said non-boundary group by the capped group jitter amount to produce an anonymized dataset. Return the anonymized dataset. | 1. A method of obscuring identity of members in a dataset, the method comprising steps of:
grouping, by a processor into a plurality of groups, dates associated with the members and that are within a preset time interval of each other; and measuring, by the processor, forward and backward distance gaps between the groups on a date scale; calculating, by the processor, forward and backward jitter limits of the forward and backward distance gaps adjacent to each of the plurality of groups and respective forward and backward jitter shift parameters; calculating, by the processor, a group jitter amount, using an earliest date in each of the plurality of groups; and jittering, by the processor, only these of the plurality of groups that have both the forward and backward distance gaps by the group jitter. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising capping the group jitter by respective predetermined configurable forward and backward jitter limits. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of date-shifting, by the processor, the dates in each of the plurality of groups, wherein date-shifting of the plurality of groups is performed together to maximize an associated analytic value. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined forward and backward jitter limits are dependent upon one or more characteristics of the data and are dependent intended uses of the data. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the group jitter amount is within a range established by the forward and backward jitter limits. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined forward and backward jitter limits are different for a first non-boundary group and a second non-boundary group. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a deterministic function. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a hash function. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the hash function output is scaled to the capped group jitter. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the hash function hashes a date value from each respective non-boundary group by use of a secret key. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of calculating forward and backward minimum and maximum jitter limits as a function of a desired analytic value. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the secret key comprises a project sub-key specific to a project, and an entity sub-key specific to an entity whose data is being processed. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the project sub-key comprises a randomly-generated universally unique identifier (UUID). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the jittering is not performed on the boundary groups to guarantee incremental ordering, because only one adjacent gap can be calculated. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the minimum jitter limit allows the non-boundary group to be time-shifted without overlapping an adjacent group. 17. A system of obscuring identity of members in a dataset, the system comprising:
a processor configured to: group into a plurality of groups, dates associated with the members and that are within a preset time interval of each other; measure, forward and backward distance gaps between the groups on a date scale; calculate forward and backward jitter limits of the forward and backward distance gaps adjacent to each of the plurality of groups and respective forward and backward jitter shift parameters; calculate a group jitter amount, using an earliest date in each of the plurality of groups; jitter, using the group jitter, only these of the plurality of groups that have both the forward and backward distance gaps. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a hash function. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the hash function hashes a date value from each respective non-boundary group by use of a secret key, wherein the secret key comprises a project sub-key specific to a project, and an entity sub-key specific to an entity whose data is being processed. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to date-shift the dates in each of the plurality of groups together to maximize an associated analytic value. | System and method to produce an anonymized cohort having less than a predetermined risk of re-identification. The method includes receiving a data query of requested traits for the anonymized cohort, querying a data source to find records that possess at least some of the traits, forming a dataset from at least some of the records, and grouping the dataset in time into a first boundary group, a second boundary group, and one or more non-boundary groups temporally between the first boundary group and second boundary group. For each non-boundary group, calculating maximum time limits the non-boundary group can be time-shifted without overlapping an adjacent group, calculating a group jitter amount, capping the group jitter amount by the maximum time limits and by respective predetermined jitter limits, and jittering said non-boundary group by the capped group jitter amount to produce an anonymized dataset. Return the anonymized dataset.1. A method of obscuring identity of members in a dataset, the method comprising steps of:
grouping, by a processor into a plurality of groups, dates associated with the members and that are within a preset time interval of each other; and measuring, by the processor, forward and backward distance gaps between the groups on a date scale; calculating, by the processor, forward and backward jitter limits of the forward and backward distance gaps adjacent to each of the plurality of groups and respective forward and backward jitter shift parameters; calculating, by the processor, a group jitter amount, using an earliest date in each of the plurality of groups; and jittering, by the processor, only these of the plurality of groups that have both the forward and backward distance gaps by the group jitter. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising capping the group jitter by respective predetermined configurable forward and backward jitter limits. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of date-shifting, by the processor, the dates in each of the plurality of groups, wherein date-shifting of the plurality of groups is performed together to maximize an associated analytic value. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined forward and backward jitter limits are dependent upon one or more characteristics of the data and are dependent intended uses of the data. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the group jitter amount is within a range established by the forward and backward jitter limits. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined forward and backward jitter limits are different for a first non-boundary group and a second non-boundary group. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a deterministic function. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a hash function. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the hash function output is scaled to the capped group jitter. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the hash function hashes a date value from each respective non-boundary group by use of a secret key. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of calculating forward and backward minimum and maximum jitter limits as a function of a desired analytic value. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the secret key comprises a project sub-key specific to a project, and an entity sub-key specific to an entity whose data is being processed. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the project sub-key comprises a randomly-generated universally unique identifier (UUID). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the jittering is not performed on the boundary groups to guarantee incremental ordering, because only one adjacent gap can be calculated. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the minimum jitter limit allows the non-boundary group to be time-shifted without overlapping an adjacent group. 17. A system of obscuring identity of members in a dataset, the system comprising:
a processor configured to: group into a plurality of groups, dates associated with the members and that are within a preset time interval of each other; measure, forward and backward distance gaps between the groups on a date scale; calculate forward and backward jitter limits of the forward and backward distance gaps adjacent to each of the plurality of groups and respective forward and backward jitter shift parameters; calculate a group jitter amount, using an earliest date in each of the plurality of groups; jitter, using the group jitter, only these of the plurality of groups that have both the forward and backward distance gaps. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the group jitter amount is calculated using a hash function. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the hash function hashes a date value from each respective non-boundary group by use of a secret key, wherein the secret key comprises a project sub-key specific to a project, and an entity sub-key specific to an entity whose data is being processed. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to date-shift the dates in each of the plurality of groups together to maximize an associated analytic value. | 3,600 |
341,685 | 16,802,039 | 3,654 | A method, apparatus and computer program product for activating a flood event warning are described herein. In the context of a method, a location may be identified as a flood prone location. Data relating to the flood prone location may be received from one or more remote devices. The method may determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data. The method may identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based on the flood confidence and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. | 1. A computer-implemented method for generating a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the method comprising:
identifying, by a server, a location in a database as a flood prone location; receiving data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determining a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identifying an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and causing a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising deactivating the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the flood prone location further comprises designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
triggering the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the flood event warning to be activated comprises causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more remote devices comprise one or more vehicles, and wherein activating the flood event warning comprises causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the flood confidence comprises determining a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. 9. An apparatus configured to activate a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory including computer program code instructions, the computer program code instructions configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
identify a location in a database as a flood prone location; receive data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to deactivate the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to identify the flood prone location by designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to trigger the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 14. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the one or more remote devices comprise one or more vehicles, and wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 16. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to determine the flood confidence based on a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. 17. A computer program product configured to activate a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable program code instructions therein, the computer executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions configured, upon execution, to:
identify a location in a database as a flood prone location; receive data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 18. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to deactivate the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 19. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to identify the flood prone location by designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 20. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 21. The computer program product according to claim 20, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to trigger the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 22. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 23. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles within a range of the flood prone location in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 24. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to determine the flood confidence based on a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. | A method, apparatus and computer program product for activating a flood event warning are described herein. In the context of a method, a location may be identified as a flood prone location. Data relating to the flood prone location may be received from one or more remote devices. The method may determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data. The method may identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based on the flood confidence and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified.1. A computer-implemented method for generating a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the method comprising:
identifying, by a server, a location in a database as a flood prone location; receiving data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determining a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identifying an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and causing a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising deactivating the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the flood prone location further comprises designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
triggering the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein causing the flood event warning to be activated comprises causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more remote devices comprise one or more vehicles, and wherein activating the flood event warning comprises causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the flood confidence comprises determining a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. 9. An apparatus configured to activate a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the apparatus comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory including computer program code instructions, the computer program code instructions configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to:
identify a location in a database as a flood prone location; receive data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to deactivate the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to identify the flood prone location by designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to trigger the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 14. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the one or more remote devices comprise one or more vehicles, and wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 16. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the computer program code instructions are further configured to, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to determine the flood confidence based on a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. 17. A computer program product configured to activate a flood event warning for a flood prone location, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable program code instructions therein, the computer executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions configured, upon execution, to:
identify a location in a database as a flood prone location; receive data relating to the flood prone location from one or more remote devices; determine a flood confidence for the flood prone location based upon the data; identify an active flood event for the flood prone location based upon the flood confidence; and cause a flood event warning to be activated in an instance in which the active flood event is identified. 18. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to deactivate the flood event warning in an instance in which no active flood event is identified. 19. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to identify the flood prone location by designating a location stored in the database as the flood prone location. 20. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the data comprises images received from image capturing apparatus(es) of the one or more remote devices, and wherein identifying the active flood event comprises analyzing the images pursuant to an automatic image analysis technique. 21. The computer program product according to claim 20, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to trigger the one or more image capturing apparatus(es) to capture images of the flood prone location when the one or more remote devices are within a specified range of the flood prone location. 22. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing the flood event warning to be transmitted to the one or more remote devices for display in conjunction with a mapping or navigation system. 23. The computer program product according to claim 22, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to cause the flood event warning to be activated by causing a control signal to be transmitted to the one or more vehicles within a range of the flood prone location in order to deactivate autonomous driving of the one or more vehicles. 24. The computer program product according to claim 17, wherein the computer-executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured, upon execution, to determine the flood confidence based on a ratio of a number of images of the flood prone location that are identified to represent flooding at the flood prone location to a total number of images of the flood prone location. | 3,600 |
341,686 | 16,802,047 | 3,654 | A tire pressure monitoring system and tire pressure detector setting apparatus for tractor-trailer are disclosed. The tractor-trailer has a tractor and a trailer having a plurality of wheels, respectively. The tire pressure monitoring system includes a plurality of tire pressure detectors and a monitoring device. The tire pressure detectors are disposed on each of the wheels, detecting the tire pressure status of each wheel and generating a tire pressure information. Each tire pressure detector has a wheel code corresponding to one of the wheels, respectively. The monitoring device is disposed on the tractor for receiving the tire pressure information and the wheel codes of the corresponding tire pressure detector. When the tire pressure information and the wheel code are transmitted to the monitoring device, the monitoring device accurately monitors the tire pressure status of each wheel. | 1. A tire pressure monitoring system for a tractor-trailer, the tractor-trailer comprises a tractor and a trailer, the tractor and the trailer having a plurality of wheels, the tire pressure monitoring system comprising:
a plurality of tire pressure detectors disposed on each of the wheels, respectively, each of the tire pressure detectors detecting a tire pressure status of the corresponding wheel and accordingly generating a tire pressure information, each of the tire pressure detector having an identification code and a wheel code, the wheel code of each of the tire pressure detectors indicating a position of the corresponding wheel, the tire pressure information and the wheel code being transmitted through a wireless transmission; and a monitoring device disposed on the tractor and receiving the tire pressure information and the wheel codes. 2. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein each of the tire pressure detectors has a wireless transmission module and a central processing module, the wireless transmission module and the monitoring device being wirelessly connected, the central processing module controlling the wireless transmission module to periodically transmit the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to a launch cycle. 3. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 2, wherein each of the tire pressure detector has a detection module for determining a status of the corresponding wheel, and the central processing module adjusts the launch cycle according to a determination of the detection module. 4. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 3, wherein the detection module determines the corresponding wheel as in a rolling status, a static status, or a stable status; the launch cycle comprises a first launch cycle, a second launch cycle, and a third launch cycle; in the rolling status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the first launch cycle; in the static status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the second launch cycle; and in the stable status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the third launch cycle 5. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the first launch cycle is shorter than the second launch cycle and the third launch cycle, and the second launch cycle is longer than the third launch cycle. 6. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the monitoring device has a learning module and a plurality of field information, and each field information corresponds to one of the wheels; when the learning module enters a learning status, the learning module receives the wheel code of the tire pressure detectors corresponding to the wheel which is determined by the detection module as in the rolling status, such that the wheel code is matched with the corresponding field information. 7. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the monitoring device has a display interface, and the display interface has a plurality of virtual fields, each of the virtual fields corresponds to the position of one of the wheels on the tractor or and trailer, each virtual field displaying the wheel code and the tire pressure information of the tire pressure detector corresponding to the wheel which is in the rolling status or the stable status. 8. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the wheel codes of the tire pressure detectors of wheels on the tractor are selected from a first coding region, and the wheel codes of the tire pressure detectors of the wheels on the trailer are selected from a second coding region, and the first coding region and the second coding region do not overlap. 9. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the monitoring device has a plurality of field information, each of the field information corresponding to one of the wheels, each of the field information having a wheel number which is applied for matching the corresponding wheel code. 10. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the monitoring device has a threshold value which is applied for confirming if the wheel code of the tire pressure detectors are successfully matched with the corresponding wheel numbers. 11. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of trailers are provided, and an assistance device is disposed on one of the trailers, the assistance device having an amplification module and a renewable energy power module, the renewable energy power module providing a power needed by the amplification module; the amplification module amplifies signals of the wheel codes and the tire pressure information and transmits the signals to the monitoring device. 12. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 11, wherein the renewable energy power module is a wind power generation module. 13. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the renewable energy power module is disposed on a chassis of the trailer. 14. A tire pressure detector setting apparatus, comprising:
a communication module coupled with a tire pressure detector; and a setting module having a plurality of tire pressure detection setting data and a plurality of wheel codes, the setting module applied for setting one of the tire pressure detection setting data and one of the wheel codes to the tire pressure detector through the communication module. | A tire pressure monitoring system and tire pressure detector setting apparatus for tractor-trailer are disclosed. The tractor-trailer has a tractor and a trailer having a plurality of wheels, respectively. The tire pressure monitoring system includes a plurality of tire pressure detectors and a monitoring device. The tire pressure detectors are disposed on each of the wheels, detecting the tire pressure status of each wheel and generating a tire pressure information. Each tire pressure detector has a wheel code corresponding to one of the wheels, respectively. The monitoring device is disposed on the tractor for receiving the tire pressure information and the wheel codes of the corresponding tire pressure detector. When the tire pressure information and the wheel code are transmitted to the monitoring device, the monitoring device accurately monitors the tire pressure status of each wheel.1. A tire pressure monitoring system for a tractor-trailer, the tractor-trailer comprises a tractor and a trailer, the tractor and the trailer having a plurality of wheels, the tire pressure monitoring system comprising:
a plurality of tire pressure detectors disposed on each of the wheels, respectively, each of the tire pressure detectors detecting a tire pressure status of the corresponding wheel and accordingly generating a tire pressure information, each of the tire pressure detector having an identification code and a wheel code, the wheel code of each of the tire pressure detectors indicating a position of the corresponding wheel, the tire pressure information and the wheel code being transmitted through a wireless transmission; and a monitoring device disposed on the tractor and receiving the tire pressure information and the wheel codes. 2. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein each of the tire pressure detectors has a wireless transmission module and a central processing module, the wireless transmission module and the monitoring device being wirelessly connected, the central processing module controlling the wireless transmission module to periodically transmit the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to a launch cycle. 3. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 2, wherein each of the tire pressure detector has a detection module for determining a status of the corresponding wheel, and the central processing module adjusts the launch cycle according to a determination of the detection module. 4. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 3, wherein the detection module determines the corresponding wheel as in a rolling status, a static status, or a stable status; the launch cycle comprises a first launch cycle, a second launch cycle, and a third launch cycle; in the rolling status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the first launch cycle; in the static status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the second launch cycle; and in the stable status, the wireless transmission module transmits the tire pressure information and the wheel code of the corresponding tire pressure detector to the monitoring device according to the third launch cycle 5. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the first launch cycle is shorter than the second launch cycle and the third launch cycle, and the second launch cycle is longer than the third launch cycle. 6. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the monitoring device has a learning module and a plurality of field information, and each field information corresponds to one of the wheels; when the learning module enters a learning status, the learning module receives the wheel code of the tire pressure detectors corresponding to the wheel which is determined by the detection module as in the rolling status, such that the wheel code is matched with the corresponding field information. 7. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the monitoring device has a display interface, and the display interface has a plurality of virtual fields, each of the virtual fields corresponds to the position of one of the wheels on the tractor or and trailer, each virtual field displaying the wheel code and the tire pressure information of the tire pressure detector corresponding to the wheel which is in the rolling status or the stable status. 8. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the wheel codes of the tire pressure detectors of wheels on the tractor are selected from a first coding region, and the wheel codes of the tire pressure detectors of the wheels on the trailer are selected from a second coding region, and the first coding region and the second coding region do not overlap. 9. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the monitoring device has a plurality of field information, each of the field information corresponding to one of the wheels, each of the field information having a wheel number which is applied for matching the corresponding wheel code. 10. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the monitoring device has a threshold value which is applied for confirming if the wheel code of the tire pressure detectors are successfully matched with the corresponding wheel numbers. 11. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of trailers are provided, and an assistance device is disposed on one of the trailers, the assistance device having an amplification module and a renewable energy power module, the renewable energy power module providing a power needed by the amplification module; the amplification module amplifies signals of the wheel codes and the tire pressure information and transmits the signals to the monitoring device. 12. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 11, wherein the renewable energy power module is a wind power generation module. 13. The tire pressure monitoring system of claim 12, wherein the renewable energy power module is disposed on a chassis of the trailer. 14. A tire pressure detector setting apparatus, comprising:
a communication module coupled with a tire pressure detector; and a setting module having a plurality of tire pressure detection setting data and a plurality of wheel codes, the setting module applied for setting one of the tire pressure detection setting data and one of the wheel codes to the tire pressure detector through the communication module. | 3,600 |
341,687 | 16,802,027 | 3,654 | A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited. | 1. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
sulfonating a particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and then introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent at or above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container, the particulate thermoplastic polymer contains one or more selected from the group consisting polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polysulfone; and producing at least one flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, and (b) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring, a double bond, or both. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing the particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of reducing the moisture content of the particulate thermoplastic polymer from more than 3.5 wt % to 3.5 wt % or less prior to the step of providing the particulate thermoplastic polymer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein sulfonation is performed so that an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant becomes from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonate group or the sulfonate base is, or both are, bonded more in the flame retardant factor layer than in the internal layer. 7. The method of claim 1, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes a polycarbonate, a polyphenylene oxide, or any combination of them. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polymer material has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverizing uses frost shattering using liquid nitrogen. 14. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing a particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt % or less, the particulate thermoplastic polymer containing one or mor from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polysulfone; sulfonating the particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first subjecting the particulate thermoplastic polymer to evaporation at 60 degrees Celsius while the particulate thermoplastic polymer is imparted with kinetic energy to become fluidized, second deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and third introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent preheated to at above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container; and producing a flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, (b) an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant of from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive, and (c) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring and a double bond. 16. The method of claim 14, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes polycarbonate, a polyphenylene oxide, or any combination of them. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. | A flame retardant with which fire retardancy is improved and the fire retardancy is able to be secured stably for a long time is provided. An internal layer 11 containing a polymer and a flame retardant factor layer 12 that is formed outside of the internal layer 11 and that contains a polymer to which at least one of a sulfonate group and a sulfonate base is bonded are included. Thereby, compared to a case that the flame retardant factor layer 12 is not included, moisture is hardly absorbed, and respective particles of the flame retardant are inhibited from being adhered to each other. Accordingly, blocking is inhibited.1. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
sulfonating a particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and then introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent at or above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container, the particulate thermoplastic polymer contains one or more selected from the group consisting polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polysulfone; and producing at least one flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, and (b) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring, a double bond, or both. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing the particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of reducing the moisture content of the particulate thermoplastic polymer from more than 3.5 wt % to 3.5 wt % or less prior to the step of providing the particulate thermoplastic polymer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein sulfonation is performed so that an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant becomes from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonate group or the sulfonate base is, or both are, bonded more in the flame retardant factor layer than in the internal layer. 7. The method of claim 1, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes a polycarbonate, a polyphenylene oxide, or any combination of them. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polymer material has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverizing uses frost shattering using liquid nitrogen. 14. A method of manufacturing a flame retardant, comprising:
pulverizing a thermoplastic polymer material having (a) from 1 mol % to 100 mol %, both inclusive, at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds, and (b) a weight average molecular weight from 5000 to 20000000, both inclusive, and producing a particulate thermoplastic polymer 50% or more of which is particles of 60 mesh or less in size and 10 wt % or more of which is particles of 80 mesh or less in size and having a moisture content of 3.5 wt % or less, the particulate thermoplastic polymer containing one or mor from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polysulfone; sulfonating the particulate thermoplastic polymer within a container by first subjecting the particulate thermoplastic polymer to evaporation at 60 degrees Celsius while the particulate thermoplastic polymer is imparted with kinetic energy to become fluidized, second deaerating an interior of the container containing the particulate thermoplastic polymer by placing the interior of the container at a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and third introducing a gaseous sulfonating agent preheated to at above a boiling temperature of sulfur trioxide into the interior of the container; and producing a flame retardant particle having an internal layer and a flame retardant factor layer that covers at least a surface section of the internal layer with (a) a sulfonate group, a sulfonate base, or both bonded to the surface section of the internal layer, (b) an occupancy ratio of sulfur (S) in the sulfonate group, the sulfonate base, or both to the whole flame retardant of from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % both inclusive, and (c) a ratio of a thickness of the flame retardant factor layer to a particle diameter of the flame retardant particle of 10% or less, where a position of an interface between the flame retardant factor layer and the internal layer is defined as where a 50% value of a maximum value of secondary ion intensity of a sulfur element in the flame retardant factor layer occurs as measured using TOF-SIMS in a cross sectional structure of the flame retardant particle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer has an aromatic ring and a double bond. 16. The method of claim 14, the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the particulate thermoplastic polymer includes polycarbonate, a polyphenylene oxide, or any combination of them. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has 50 mol % to 100 mol % both inclusive, of the at least one selected from the group consisting of aromatic rings and double bonds. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, polyalkylbenzene sulfone acid, or any combination of them. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 10000 to 1000000, both inclusive. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the thermoplastic polymer is from 50000 to 500000, both inclusive. | 3,600 |
341,688 | 16,802,046 | 3,654 | An operation method of an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving biometric information of a first user from a first external electronic device, receiving information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device, generating user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information, receiving at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device, and in response to at least one of the received information and the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with at least one external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the communication interface; and at least one memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to:
receive information of a first user from a first external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information of a second user from a second external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information sensed by a third external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with at least one of the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device, from the third external electronic device by the communication interface;
generate user guide information at least partially based on the received information of the first user, information of the second user, and sensed information;
receive, by the communication interface, at least one of information indicating that the first or second external electronic device is located at the selected place, and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the third external electronic device; and
in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, display the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the information of the first user comprises at least a part of schedule information or biometric information of the first user, which is measured by the first external electronic device. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the third external electronic device further comprises a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the third external electronic device, and the sensed information is information acquired by the sensor module. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the biometric information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, blood pressure, stress, calorie intake, calorie consumption, or health condition. 5. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the schedule information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's meal plan, schedule, anniversary, or event. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the user guide information comprises a meal recipe corresponding to at least one of the first user or the second user. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to display different user guide information via the display device according to whether the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device is located at the selected place. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first external electronic device corresponds to first user account information of the first user, the second external electronic device corresponds to second user account information of the second user, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to generate the guide information at least partially based on group account information comprising the first user account information and the second user account information. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with at least one external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the communication interface; and at least one memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to:
receive biometric information of the first user from a first external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device by the communication interface;
generate user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information;
receive, by the communication interface, at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device; and
in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, display the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second external electronic device further comprises a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the second external electronic device, and the sensed information is information acquired by the sensor module. 11. An operation method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving information of a first user from a first external electronic device; receiving information of a second user from a second external electronic device; receiving information sensed by a third external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with at least one of the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device, from the third external electronic device; generating user guide information at least partially based on the received information of the first user, information of the second user, and sensed information; receiving at least one of information indicating that the first or second external electronic device is located at the selected place, and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the third external electronic device; and in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information of the first user comprises at least a part of schedule information or biometric information of the first user, which is measured by the first external electronic device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the sensed information is information acquired by a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the third external electronic device. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the biometric information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, blood pressure, stress, calorie intake, calorie consumption, or health condition. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the schedule information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's meal plan, schedule, anniversary, or event. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the user guide information comprises a meal recipe corresponding to at least one of the first user or the second user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein displaying the user guide information comprises displaying different user guide information via the display device according to whether the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device is located at the selected place. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the first external electronic device corresponds to first user account information of the first user, the second external electronic device corresponds to second user account information of the second user, and generating the user guide information comprises generating the guide information based on group account information comprising the first user account information and the second user account information. 19. An operation method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving biometric information of a first user from a first external electronic device; receiving information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device; generating user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information; receiving at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device; and in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensed information is information acquired by a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the second external electronic device. | An operation method of an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving biometric information of a first user from a first external electronic device, receiving information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device, generating user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information, receiving at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device, and in response to at least one of the received information and the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with at least one external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the communication interface; and at least one memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to:
receive information of a first user from a first external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information of a second user from a second external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information sensed by a third external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with at least one of the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device, from the third external electronic device by the communication interface;
generate user guide information at least partially based on the received information of the first user, information of the second user, and sensed information;
receive, by the communication interface, at least one of information indicating that the first or second external electronic device is located at the selected place, and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the third external electronic device; and
in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, display the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the information of the first user comprises at least a part of schedule information or biometric information of the first user, which is measured by the first external electronic device. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the third external electronic device further comprises a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the third external electronic device, and the sensed information is information acquired by the sensor module. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the biometric information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, blood pressure, stress, calorie intake, calorie consumption, or health condition. 5. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the schedule information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's meal plan, schedule, anniversary, or event. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the user guide information comprises a meal recipe corresponding to at least one of the first user or the second user. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to display different user guide information via the display device according to whether the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device is located at the selected place. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first external electronic device corresponds to first user account information of the first user, the second external electronic device corresponds to second user account information of the second user, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to generate the guide information at least partially based on group account information comprising the first user account information and the second user account information. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
a communication interface configured to communicate with at least one external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the communication interface; and at least one memory operatively connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to:
receive biometric information of the first user from a first external electronic device by the communication interface;
receive information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device by the communication interface;
generate user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information;
receive, by the communication interface, at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device; and
in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, display the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the second external electronic device further comprises a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the second external electronic device, and the sensed information is information acquired by the sensor module. 11. An operation method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving information of a first user from a first external electronic device; receiving information of a second user from a second external electronic device; receiving information sensed by a third external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with at least one of the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device, from the third external electronic device; generating user guide information at least partially based on the received information of the first user, information of the second user, and sensed information; receiving at least one of information indicating that the first or second external electronic device is located at the selected place, and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the third external electronic device; and in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information of the first user comprises at least a part of schedule information or biometric information of the first user, which is measured by the first external electronic device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the sensed information is information acquired by a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the third external electronic device. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the biometric information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, blood pressure, stress, calorie intake, calorie consumption, or health condition. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the schedule information of the first user comprises at least one of the first user's meal plan, schedule, anniversary, or event. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the user guide information comprises a meal recipe corresponding to at least one of the first user or the second user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein displaying the user guide information comprises displaying different user guide information via the display device according to whether the first external electronic device or the second external electronic device is located at the selected place. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the first external electronic device corresponds to first user account information of the first user, the second external electronic device corresponds to second user account information of the second user, and generating the user guide information comprises generating the guide information based on group account information comprising the first user account information and the second user account information. 19. An operation method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
receiving biometric information of a first user from a first external electronic device; receiving information sensed by a second external electronic device, which is located at a selected place associated with the first external electronic device, from the second external electronic device; generating user guide information at least partially based on the received biometric information of the first user and sensed information; receiving at least one of information indicating that the first external electronic device is located at the selected place and a user input for requesting of the user guide information via the second external electronic device; and in response to at least one of the received information or the user input, displaying the user guide information via a display device located at the selected place. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensed information is information acquired by a sensor module configured to monitor inside of the second external electronic device. | 3,600 |
341,689 | 16,802,041 | 3,654 | Image processing method, drone, and drone-camera system are provided. The method includes acquiring, according to a current environmental parameter of the drone, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter; and determining a direction parameter of the camera device when capturing a to-be-stitched image. The to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter. The method further includes stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. | 1. An image processing method, applied to a drone, comprising:
acquiring, according to a current environmental parameter of the drone, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter; determining a direction parameter of a camera device associated with the drone when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter; and stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter includes:
acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, a meteorological satellite image that matches the current environmental parameter; and obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the current environmental parameter of the drone includes at least one of a time parameter, a height parameter, or a position parameter. 4. The method according to claim 3, prior to obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image, further including:
determining a sky range value of the to-be-stitched image, according to a current height parameter and a position parameter of the drone and an internal parameter of the camera device. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
determining a clipping range of the meteorological satellite image according to the sky range value; obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, a regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range; and determining the target sky image according to the regional image obtained through image clipping. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range includes:
taking a position of the drone as a clipping center and obtain, according to the clipping range, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range includes:
performing feature recognition processing on the meteorological satellite image to obtain a cloud layer image of the meteorological satellite image; and obtaining the regional image from the cloud image according to the clipping range. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determining the target sky image according to the regional image obtained through image clipping:
performing an enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping; and determining a target image from the enlarged regional image, and obtaining the target sky image according to the target image. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the performing the enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping includes:
determining a height parameter of the meteorological satellite image and a height parameter of the drone; determining, according to the height parameter of the meteorological satellite image and the height parameter of the drone, a scale value for performing the enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping; and enlarging the regional image obtained through image clipping according to the scale value. 10. The method according to claim 8, further including:
performing resolution filling on the enlarged regional image to obtain the target sky image. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
matching the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library, wherein the material library includes a pre-established set of sky images; and selecting a sky image that matches the meteorological satellite image from the material library as the target sky image. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the matching the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library includes:
matching one or more of a visible light cloud map, an infrared light cloud map, a water vapor cloud map, a surface temperature map, and a sea surface temperature map in the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
performing an image-recognition process on the meteorological satellite image to obtain sky description information of the meteorological satellite image; and generating a virtual sky image according to the sky description information of the meteorological satellite image, and using the virtual sky image as the target sky image. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the sky description information includes:
one or more of description information obtained based on a visible light cloud map, description information obtained based on an infrared light cloud map, description information obtained based on a water vapor cloud map, description information obtained on a surface temperature map, and description information obtained based on a sea surface temperature map. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter includes:
determining at least one user identifier according to the environmental parameter of the drone; corresponding to each of the at least one user identifier, acquiring a sky image; and selecting, from acquired sky images, a matching sky image that matches the environmental parameter as the target sky image. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the selecting, from the acquired sky images, the matching sky image that matches the environmental parameter as the target sky image includes:
sorting matching sky images according to a degree of matching between the matching sky images and the environmental parameter, and pushing sorting results to a display interface; and in response to a determining operation received at the display interface, obtaining the target sky image according to the matching sky image indicated by the determining operation. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain the panoramic image includes:
determining a stitching direction of the target sky image according to the direction parameter; extracting edge feature points of the target sky image; and stitching the target sky image and the to-be-stitched image together according to the edge feature points and the stitching direction of the target sky image to obtain a panoramic image. 18. A drone, comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein: the memory is configured to store program instructions; and the processor, is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, and when the program instructions are executed, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to a current environmental parameter, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter,
determine a direction parameter of the camera device associated with the drone when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter, and
stitch the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. 19. The drone according to claim 18, wherein:
when the processor acquires, according to the current environmental parameter, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, a meteorological satellite image that matches the current environmental parameter; and
obtain the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image, and
the current environmental parameter of the drone includes one or more of a time parameter, a height parameter, and a position parameter. 20. A drone-camera system, comprising:
a camera device, and a drone, including a memory and a processor, wherein:
the memory is configured to store program instructions; and
the processor, is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, and when the program instructions are executed, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to a current environmental parameter, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter;
determine a direction parameter of the camera device when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter; and
stitch the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. | Image processing method, drone, and drone-camera system are provided. The method includes acquiring, according to a current environmental parameter of the drone, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter; and determining a direction parameter of the camera device when capturing a to-be-stitched image. The to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter. The method further includes stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image.1. An image processing method, applied to a drone, comprising:
acquiring, according to a current environmental parameter of the drone, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter; determining a direction parameter of a camera device associated with the drone when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter; and stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter includes:
acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, a meteorological satellite image that matches the current environmental parameter; and obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the current environmental parameter of the drone includes at least one of a time parameter, a height parameter, or a position parameter. 4. The method according to claim 3, prior to obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image, further including:
determining a sky range value of the to-be-stitched image, according to a current height parameter and a position parameter of the drone and an internal parameter of the camera device. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
determining a clipping range of the meteorological satellite image according to the sky range value; obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, a regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range; and determining the target sky image according to the regional image obtained through image clipping. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range includes:
taking a position of the drone as a clipping center and obtain, according to the clipping range, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining, based on the position parameter of the drone, the regional image from the meteorological satellite image according to the clipping range includes:
performing feature recognition processing on the meteorological satellite image to obtain a cloud layer image of the meteorological satellite image; and obtaining the regional image from the cloud image according to the clipping range. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determining the target sky image according to the regional image obtained through image clipping:
performing an enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping; and determining a target image from the enlarged regional image, and obtaining the target sky image according to the target image. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the performing the enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping includes:
determining a height parameter of the meteorological satellite image and a height parameter of the drone; determining, according to the height parameter of the meteorological satellite image and the height parameter of the drone, a scale value for performing the enlargement process on the regional image obtained through image clipping; and enlarging the regional image obtained through image clipping according to the scale value. 10. The method according to claim 8, further including:
performing resolution filling on the enlarged regional image to obtain the target sky image. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
matching the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library, wherein the material library includes a pre-established set of sky images; and selecting a sky image that matches the meteorological satellite image from the material library as the target sky image. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the matching the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library includes:
matching one or more of a visible light cloud map, an infrared light cloud map, a water vapor cloud map, a surface temperature map, and a sea surface temperature map in the meteorological satellite image with the sky images in the material library. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image includes:
performing an image-recognition process on the meteorological satellite image to obtain sky description information of the meteorological satellite image; and generating a virtual sky image according to the sky description information of the meteorological satellite image, and using the virtual sky image as the target sky image. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the sky description information includes:
one or more of description information obtained based on a visible light cloud map, description information obtained based on an infrared light cloud map, description information obtained based on a water vapor cloud map, description information obtained on a surface temperature map, and description information obtained based on a sea surface temperature map. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring, according to the current environmental parameter, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter includes:
determining at least one user identifier according to the environmental parameter of the drone; corresponding to each of the at least one user identifier, acquiring a sky image; and selecting, from acquired sky images, a matching sky image that matches the environmental parameter as the target sky image. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the selecting, from the acquired sky images, the matching sky image that matches the environmental parameter as the target sky image includes:
sorting matching sky images according to a degree of matching between the matching sky images and the environmental parameter, and pushing sorting results to a display interface; and in response to a determining operation received at the display interface, obtaining the target sky image according to the matching sky image indicated by the determining operation. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stitching the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain the panoramic image includes:
determining a stitching direction of the target sky image according to the direction parameter; extracting edge feature points of the target sky image; and stitching the target sky image and the to-be-stitched image together according to the edge feature points and the stitching direction of the target sky image to obtain a panoramic image. 18. A drone, comprising:
a memory and a processor, wherein: the memory is configured to store program instructions; and the processor, is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, and when the program instructions are executed, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to a current environmental parameter, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter,
determine a direction parameter of the camera device associated with the drone when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter, and
stitch the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. 19. The drone according to claim 18, wherein:
when the processor acquires, according to the current environmental parameter, the target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to the current environmental parameter of the drone, a meteorological satellite image that matches the current environmental parameter; and
obtain the target sky image according to the meteorological satellite image, and
the current environmental parameter of the drone includes one or more of a time parameter, a height parameter, and a position parameter. 20. A drone-camera system, comprising:
a camera device, and a drone, including a memory and a processor, wherein:
the memory is configured to store program instructions; and
the processor, is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory, and when the program instructions are executed, the processor is configured to:
acquire, according to a current environmental parameter, a target sky image that matches the current environmental parameter;
determine a direction parameter of the camera device when capturing a to-be-stitched image, wherein the to-be-stitched image is an image captured under the current environmental parameter; and
stitch the target sky image with the to-be-stitched image according to the direction parameter to obtain a panoramic image. | 3,600 |
341,690 | 16,802,048 | 3,654 | This invention generally relates to a method for producing parts of AHS steel via a controlled local cooling by a cooling medium and an interrupted cooling at a required temperature, without immersion in a cooling bath, to thereby create a multiphase microstructure. Typically, the steel part may be cooled by a jet of cooling medium so that, depending on the amount of heat which needs to be removed from the surface of the part, the locations from which a larger amount of heat needs to be removed are cooled at a higher intensity. | 1. A method for producing AHS steel parts, the method comprising:
(a) cooling of a steel part at controlled locations by a jet of cooling medium at a first temperature; and (b) cooling the steel part at a designated temperature that is different from the first temperature to thereby create a multiphase microstructure, wherein the cooling of step (b) occurs at one or more intervals between the cooling of step (a), wherein the first temperature of the cooling of step (a) may be adjusted depending on the amount of heat that needs to be removed from a surface of the steel part. 2. The method of according to claim 1, wherein thin regions of the steel part that contain less steel material relative to thicker regions of the steel part that contain more steel material are cooled in a controlled fashion during the cooling of step (a) and the cooling of step (b) so that an undercooling temperature in the thin regions is higher than a minimum required cooling temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a uniform temperature is maintained on the surface of the steel part. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling of step (a) and the cooling of step (b) are affected by a nozzle. | This invention generally relates to a method for producing parts of AHS steel via a controlled local cooling by a cooling medium and an interrupted cooling at a required temperature, without immersion in a cooling bath, to thereby create a multiphase microstructure. Typically, the steel part may be cooled by a jet of cooling medium so that, depending on the amount of heat which needs to be removed from the surface of the part, the locations from which a larger amount of heat needs to be removed are cooled at a higher intensity.1. A method for producing AHS steel parts, the method comprising:
(a) cooling of a steel part at controlled locations by a jet of cooling medium at a first temperature; and (b) cooling the steel part at a designated temperature that is different from the first temperature to thereby create a multiphase microstructure, wherein the cooling of step (b) occurs at one or more intervals between the cooling of step (a), wherein the first temperature of the cooling of step (a) may be adjusted depending on the amount of heat that needs to be removed from a surface of the steel part. 2. The method of according to claim 1, wherein thin regions of the steel part that contain less steel material relative to thicker regions of the steel part that contain more steel material are cooled in a controlled fashion during the cooling of step (a) and the cooling of step (b) so that an undercooling temperature in the thin regions is higher than a minimum required cooling temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a uniform temperature is maintained on the surface of the steel part. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling of step (a) and the cooling of step (b) are affected by a nozzle. | 3,600 |
341,691 | 16,802,032 | 3,654 | A system for calibrating an optical fiber measurement system is disclosed that can be used with deformable body parts of an anthropomorphic test device. The system includes a deformable body part and an optical fiber that has a plurality of grating sensors between first and second ends is supported about the deformable body part to generate optical strain data. The deformable body part is loaded into a testing fixture and a load is applied. At least one camera is positioned toward the testing fixture to record the deformable body part as the load is applied thereto and to capture images generating image deformation data for comparison with the optical strain data to determine a correlation, or correction, factor for the optical fiber and the body part. | 1. A method of calibrating an optical fiber measurement system having an optical fiber supported about a deformable part, said method comprising the steps of:
disposing the optical fiber about the deformable part with the optical fiber extending between a first end and a second end and comprising at least one core having a plurality of grating sensors inscribed integrally therein with the sensors spaced along a length between the first and the second ends; positioning the deformable part in a testing fixture in a neutral state; transmitting light from an emitter in a predetermined band of wavelengths through at least one of the cores while the deformable part is in the neutral state; detecting a reflected light from the grating sensors with an interrogator when the deformable part is in the neutral state; generating optical data from the reflected light in the neutral state; applying a load to the deformable part to define at least one deformed state; transmitting the light through at least one of the cores while the deformable part is in the deformed state; detecting a reflected light from the grating sensors with the interrogator in at least one deformed state; generating optical data from the reflected light that is detected in at least one deformed state; recording images with at least one camera of the deformable part from the neutral to the at least one deformed state; generating image deformation data from images; comparing the image deformation data to the optical data; and generating a correlation factor based on the image deformation data and the optical data so that the optical fiber measurement system is calibrated to ensure accurate measurement of subsequent deformations of the deformable part. 2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of recording images further comprises the step of positioning a plurality of target points spaced about the deformable part and detecting at least some of the plurality of target points with the camera. 3. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the step of positioning the plurality of target points is further defined as spacing the target points equidistant from one another about the part. 4. A method as set forth in claim 2 further comprising the step of establishing at least one reference point supported on the testing fixture and detecting the reference point with the camera. 5. A method as set forth in claim 4 further comprising the step of generating compression signals from a telescoping rod operatively connected to the deformable part and recording compression data based on the compression signals, and further generating the correlation factor with the compression data to further improve the optical data. 6. A method as set forth in claim 4 further comprising the step of positioning the target points relative to the deformable part with a positioning tool. 7. A method as set forth in claim 2 further comprising the step of positioning the sensors adjacent the target points. 8. A method as set forth in claim 7 further comprising the step of determining a sensor location of each of the grating sensors as the deformable part deforms from the neutral state to the deformed state. 9. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the step of generating image deformation data is further defined as determining a target point location of each of the target points as the deformable part deforms from the neutral state to the deformed state. 10. A method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the step of comparing the image deformation data and the optical data is further defined as comparing the sensor location to the target point location. 11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the correlation factor is based on the sensor location and the target point location and the correlation factor is used to further refine the shape from the optical data. 12. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step creating a shape of the deformed part in the neutral state and the deformed state from the optical data. 13. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of applying the load is further defined as applying the load continuously from the neutral state to the deformed state. 14. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of applying the load is further defined as applying the load discretely from the neutral state to the deformed state and having at least one intermediate state therebetween. 15. A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the step of transmitting the light is further defined as discretely transmitting the light while the deformable part is in the neutral state, in the deformed state, and in at least one intermediate state. 16. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of transmitting the light is further defined as continuously transmitting the light while the deformable part is deformed from the neutral state to the deformed state. 17. A system for calibrating measurement of deformation, said system comprising:
an optical fiber measurement system comprising a deformable part and an optical fiber supported by said deformable part, said optical fiber extending between a first end and a second end and comprising at least one core having a plurality of grating sensors inscribed integrally therein with said sensors spaced along a length between said first and said second ends for sensing strain thereon; an emitter in communication with said optical fiber for emitting a light in a predetermined band of wavelengths through said at least one core that is reflected by said grating sensors; an interrogator in communication with said optical fiber for detecting said reflected light from said grating sensor for generating optical data; a testing fixture for supporting said deformable part; a load frame machine for applying a load to said deformable part and deforming said deformable part and inducing strain in said optical fiber such that said grating sensors reflect said light as said deformable part deforms to generate load data; and at least one camera recording said deformable part as said load is applied thereto for capturing images of said deformable part; and a processing system receiving said optical data, said load data, image deformation data, said processing system generating a correlation factor based on said image deformation data and said optical data so that said optical fiber measurement system is calibrated to ensure accurate measurement of subsequent deformation of said deformable part. 18. A system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a telescoping rod operatively connected to said deformable part for generating compression signals and further comprising a data acquisition system in communication with said telescoping rod for generating compression data corresponding with said compression signals. 19. A system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a plurality of target points spaced about said deformable part that are detectable by said camera. 20. A system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said sensors are adjacent to said target points. 21. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising at least one reference point supported on said testing fixture that is detectable by said camera. 22. A system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said plurality of target points are spaced equidistant from one another about said part. 23. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising a carrier carrying said target points and aligning said plurality of target points relative to said deformable part. 24. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising a positioning tool positioning said target points relative to said deformable part. 25. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said deformable part further comprises at least one head assembly, leg assembly, arm assembly, rib cage assembly, or rib for an anthropomorphic test device. 26. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said optical fiber is embedded within said deformable part. 27. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said optical fiber is surface mounted to said deformable part. 28. A device as set forth in claim 17 wherein said deformable part is further defined as a rib having an inner rib layer and an outer rib layer. | A system for calibrating an optical fiber measurement system is disclosed that can be used with deformable body parts of an anthropomorphic test device. The system includes a deformable body part and an optical fiber that has a plurality of grating sensors between first and second ends is supported about the deformable body part to generate optical strain data. The deformable body part is loaded into a testing fixture and a load is applied. At least one camera is positioned toward the testing fixture to record the deformable body part as the load is applied thereto and to capture images generating image deformation data for comparison with the optical strain data to determine a correlation, or correction, factor for the optical fiber and the body part.1. A method of calibrating an optical fiber measurement system having an optical fiber supported about a deformable part, said method comprising the steps of:
disposing the optical fiber about the deformable part with the optical fiber extending between a first end and a second end and comprising at least one core having a plurality of grating sensors inscribed integrally therein with the sensors spaced along a length between the first and the second ends; positioning the deformable part in a testing fixture in a neutral state; transmitting light from an emitter in a predetermined band of wavelengths through at least one of the cores while the deformable part is in the neutral state; detecting a reflected light from the grating sensors with an interrogator when the deformable part is in the neutral state; generating optical data from the reflected light in the neutral state; applying a load to the deformable part to define at least one deformed state; transmitting the light through at least one of the cores while the deformable part is in the deformed state; detecting a reflected light from the grating sensors with the interrogator in at least one deformed state; generating optical data from the reflected light that is detected in at least one deformed state; recording images with at least one camera of the deformable part from the neutral to the at least one deformed state; generating image deformation data from images; comparing the image deformation data to the optical data; and generating a correlation factor based on the image deformation data and the optical data so that the optical fiber measurement system is calibrated to ensure accurate measurement of subsequent deformations of the deformable part. 2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of recording images further comprises the step of positioning a plurality of target points spaced about the deformable part and detecting at least some of the plurality of target points with the camera. 3. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the step of positioning the plurality of target points is further defined as spacing the target points equidistant from one another about the part. 4. A method as set forth in claim 2 further comprising the step of establishing at least one reference point supported on the testing fixture and detecting the reference point with the camera. 5. A method as set forth in claim 4 further comprising the step of generating compression signals from a telescoping rod operatively connected to the deformable part and recording compression data based on the compression signals, and further generating the correlation factor with the compression data to further improve the optical data. 6. A method as set forth in claim 4 further comprising the step of positioning the target points relative to the deformable part with a positioning tool. 7. A method as set forth in claim 2 further comprising the step of positioning the sensors adjacent the target points. 8. A method as set forth in claim 7 further comprising the step of determining a sensor location of each of the grating sensors as the deformable part deforms from the neutral state to the deformed state. 9. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the step of generating image deformation data is further defined as determining a target point location of each of the target points as the deformable part deforms from the neutral state to the deformed state. 10. A method as set forth in claim 9 wherein the step of comparing the image deformation data and the optical data is further defined as comparing the sensor location to the target point location. 11. A method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the correlation factor is based on the sensor location and the target point location and the correlation factor is used to further refine the shape from the optical data. 12. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising the step creating a shape of the deformed part in the neutral state and the deformed state from the optical data. 13. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of applying the load is further defined as applying the load continuously from the neutral state to the deformed state. 14. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of applying the load is further defined as applying the load discretely from the neutral state to the deformed state and having at least one intermediate state therebetween. 15. A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the step of transmitting the light is further defined as discretely transmitting the light while the deformable part is in the neutral state, in the deformed state, and in at least one intermediate state. 16. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of transmitting the light is further defined as continuously transmitting the light while the deformable part is deformed from the neutral state to the deformed state. 17. A system for calibrating measurement of deformation, said system comprising:
an optical fiber measurement system comprising a deformable part and an optical fiber supported by said deformable part, said optical fiber extending between a first end and a second end and comprising at least one core having a plurality of grating sensors inscribed integrally therein with said sensors spaced along a length between said first and said second ends for sensing strain thereon; an emitter in communication with said optical fiber for emitting a light in a predetermined band of wavelengths through said at least one core that is reflected by said grating sensors; an interrogator in communication with said optical fiber for detecting said reflected light from said grating sensor for generating optical data; a testing fixture for supporting said deformable part; a load frame machine for applying a load to said deformable part and deforming said deformable part and inducing strain in said optical fiber such that said grating sensors reflect said light as said deformable part deforms to generate load data; and at least one camera recording said deformable part as said load is applied thereto for capturing images of said deformable part; and a processing system receiving said optical data, said load data, image deformation data, said processing system generating a correlation factor based on said image deformation data and said optical data so that said optical fiber measurement system is calibrated to ensure accurate measurement of subsequent deformation of said deformable part. 18. A system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a telescoping rod operatively connected to said deformable part for generating compression signals and further comprising a data acquisition system in communication with said telescoping rod for generating compression data corresponding with said compression signals. 19. A system as set forth in claim 17 further comprising a plurality of target points spaced about said deformable part that are detectable by said camera. 20. A system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said sensors are adjacent to said target points. 21. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising at least one reference point supported on said testing fixture that is detectable by said camera. 22. A system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said plurality of target points are spaced equidistant from one another about said part. 23. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising a carrier carrying said target points and aligning said plurality of target points relative to said deformable part. 24. A system as set forth in claim 19 further comprising a positioning tool positioning said target points relative to said deformable part. 25. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said deformable part further comprises at least one head assembly, leg assembly, arm assembly, rib cage assembly, or rib for an anthropomorphic test device. 26. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said optical fiber is embedded within said deformable part. 27. A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said optical fiber is surface mounted to said deformable part. 28. A device as set forth in claim 17 wherein said deformable part is further defined as a rib having an inner rib layer and an outer rib layer. | 3,600 |
341,692 | 16,801,996 | 3,654 | A semiconductor device includes an insulated circuit board having conductor layers arranged away from each other and bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; a wiring board having an opposing surface facing the conductor layers and through holes each corresponding to a position of each bonding material; hollow members each having a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, ok cylindrical portions press-fitted into the through holes, and other ends of the cylindrical portions bonded to the conductor layers by the bonding materials; and external connection terminals each inserted into the cavity of each hollow member and bonded to the conductor layers. Each cylindrical portion is inserted into each through hole such that each flanged portion contacts with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
an insulated circuit board including conductor layers arranged away from each other and a plurality of bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; a wiring board including an opposing surface facing the conductor layers and including a plurality of through holes each corresponding to a position of each of the plurality of bonding materials; a plurality of hollow members including a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion provided at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portions each being press-fitted into each of the plurality of through holes, and other ends of the cylindrical portions being bonded to the conductor layers by the plurality of bonding materials; and a plurality of external connection terminals each inserted into the cavity of each of the plurality of hollow members and bonded to the conductor layers, wherein the cylindrical portions each are inserted into the each of the plurality of through holes such that the flanged portions each contact with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 5. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
preparing an insulated circuit board including conductor layers arranged away from each other and a plurality of bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; preparing a wiring board on which a plurality of through holes are formed to correspond to positions where the plurality of bonding materials are arranged; causing the wiring board to face the insulated circuit board such that an opposing surface of the wiring board is oriented toward the bonding materials; preparing a plurality of hollow members each including a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion provided at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, and press-fitting each of the cylindrical portions into each of the plurality of through holes such that the flanged portions each contact with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board; bonding each of other ends opposed to the one ends of the cylindrical portions passing through the plurality of through holes and protruding from the opposing surface to the conductor layers by the plurality of bonding materials; and inserting an external connection terminal into the cavity of each of the plurality of hollow members. 6. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the external connection terminals are inserted into the cavities after bonding the other ends of the cylindrical portions to the conductor layers. 7. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the external connection terminals are inserted into the cavities before bonding the other ends of the cylindrical portions to the conductor layers. 8. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 9. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 10. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 13. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 14. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 15. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 16. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 17. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 18. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 19. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 20. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. | A semiconductor device includes an insulated circuit board having conductor layers arranged away from each other and bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; a wiring board having an opposing surface facing the conductor layers and through holes each corresponding to a position of each bonding material; hollow members each having a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, ok cylindrical portions press-fitted into the through holes, and other ends of the cylindrical portions bonded to the conductor layers by the bonding materials; and external connection terminals each inserted into the cavity of each hollow member and bonded to the conductor layers. Each cylindrical portion is inserted into each through hole such that each flanged portion contacts with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
an insulated circuit board including conductor layers arranged away from each other and a plurality of bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; a wiring board including an opposing surface facing the conductor layers and including a plurality of through holes each corresponding to a position of each of the plurality of bonding materials; a plurality of hollow members including a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion provided at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portions each being press-fitted into each of the plurality of through holes, and other ends of the cylindrical portions being bonded to the conductor layers by the plurality of bonding materials; and a plurality of external connection terminals each inserted into the cavity of each of the plurality of hollow members and bonded to the conductor layers, wherein the cylindrical portions each are inserted into the each of the plurality of through holes such that the flanged portions each contact with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 5. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising:
preparing an insulated circuit board including conductor layers arranged away from each other and a plurality of bonding materials each provided on the conductor layers; preparing a wiring board on which a plurality of through holes are formed to correspond to positions where the plurality of bonding materials are arranged; causing the wiring board to face the insulated circuit board such that an opposing surface of the wiring board is oriented toward the bonding materials; preparing a plurality of hollow members each including a cylindrical portion and a flanged portion provided at one end of the cylindrical portion and having a cavity in common with the cylindrical portion, and press-fitting each of the cylindrical portions into each of the plurality of through holes such that the flanged portions each contact with an upper surface opposed to the opposing surface of the wiring board; bonding each of other ends opposed to the one ends of the cylindrical portions passing through the plurality of through holes and protruding from the opposing surface to the conductor layers by the plurality of bonding materials; and inserting an external connection terminal into the cavity of each of the plurality of hollow members. 6. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the external connection terminals are inserted into the cavities after bonding the other ends of the cylindrical portions to the conductor layers. 7. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the external connection terminals are inserted into the cavities before bonding the other ends of the cylindrical portions to the conductor layers. 8. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 9. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 10. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 13. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 14. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the insulated circuit board includes a plurality of insulated circuit boards, the conductor layers being provided on each of the plurality of insulated circuit boards, and the plurality of hollow members being bonded to each of the conductor layers. 15. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 16. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 17. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the bonding materials are a solder material. 18. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 19. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. 20. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the bonding materials are a sintered metal material. | 3,600 |
341,693 | 16,802,013 | 3,654 | A mobile edge computing (MEC) architecture can facilitate utilization of virtual multi-point non-internet protocol (IP) connections in radio access networks (RAN). Thus, the same mobile device can be addressed with multiple radio access technologies (RATs). The MEC can provide service continuity in multi-access technologies using virtual session, and the MEC can terminate a main session between a core network and the MEC, for the mobile device, via a single IP address, Based on the services and the states of the access network in the multi-access environment, the MEC can dynamically select the RAT and access point as the target to deliver the service over the RAN. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a wireless network device comprising a processor, mobile device identification data representative of an identification of a mobile device; facilitating, by the wireless network device, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device; in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving, by the wireless network device, logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology; and in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating, by the wireless network device, the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the associating, identifying, by the wireless network device, the access technology. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a satellite access technology. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a cellular access technology. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the receiving mobile device identification data, authenticating, by the wireless network device, the mobile device for a communication with the access technology. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the authenticating the mobile device, receiving, by the wireless network device from a core network device, confirmation data representative of a confirmed authentication. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving mobile device identification data representative of an identification of a mobile device;
in response to the receiving the mobile device identification data, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device;
in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology; and
in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating access identification data representative of an access identification to be associated with the mobile device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the generating the access identification data, assigning the access identification data to the mobile device, resulting in assignment data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the assigning the access identification data to the mobile device, updating a data structure with the assignment data. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining a type of the access technology. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the determining the type of the access technology, associating the access technology with the access identification data. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving internet protocol address data representative of an internet protocol address associated with a mobile device of a wireless network; in response to the receiving the internet protocol address data, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device; in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology being utilized by the mobile device during the virtual session; and in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating the logical identification data with the internet protocol address data. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
facilitating obtaining, from an access identification management function, an access identification to be allocated to the mobile device. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to facilitating the obtaining, allocating the access identification to the mobile device. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, facilitating updating a data structure to associate the access identification with the access technology. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, transmitting the access identification to the mobile device. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the mobile device is a first mobile device, and wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, facilitating a communication between the first mobile device and a second mobile device. | A mobile edge computing (MEC) architecture can facilitate utilization of virtual multi-point non-internet protocol (IP) connections in radio access networks (RAN). Thus, the same mobile device can be addressed with multiple radio access technologies (RATs). The MEC can provide service continuity in multi-access technologies using virtual session, and the MEC can terminate a main session between a core network and the MEC, for the mobile device, via a single IP address, Based on the services and the states of the access network in the multi-access environment, the MEC can dynamically select the RAT and access point as the target to deliver the service over the RAN.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a wireless network device comprising a processor, mobile device identification data representative of an identification of a mobile device; facilitating, by the wireless network device, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device; in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving, by the wireless network device, logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology; and in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating, by the wireless network device, the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the associating, identifying, by the wireless network device, the access technology. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a Wi-Fi access technology. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a satellite access technology. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
based on the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining, by the wireless network device, that the access technology is a cellular access technology. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the receiving mobile device identification data, authenticating, by the wireless network device, the mobile device for a communication with the access technology. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the authenticating the mobile device, receiving, by the wireless network device from a core network device, confirmation data representative of a confirmed authentication. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving mobile device identification data representative of an identification of a mobile device;
in response to the receiving the mobile device identification data, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device;
in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology; and
in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating access identification data representative of an access identification to be associated with the mobile device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the generating the access identification data, assigning the access identification data to the mobile device, resulting in assignment data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the assigning the access identification data to the mobile device, updating a data structure with the assignment data. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the associating the logical identification data with the mobile device identification data, determining a type of the access technology. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the determining the type of the access technology, associating the access technology with the access identification data. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving internet protocol address data representative of an internet protocol address associated with a mobile device of a wireless network; in response to the receiving the internet protocol address data, establishing a virtual session with the mobile device; in response to the establishing the virtual session, receiving logical identification data representative of an identification associated with an access technology being utilized by the mobile device during the virtual session; and in response to the receiving the logical identification data, associating the logical identification data with the internet protocol address data. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
facilitating obtaining, from an access identification management function, an access identification to be allocated to the mobile device. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to facilitating the obtaining, allocating the access identification to the mobile device. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, facilitating updating a data structure to associate the access identification with the access technology. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, transmitting the access identification to the mobile device. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the mobile device is a first mobile device, and wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to the allocating the access identification to the mobile device, facilitating a communication between the first mobile device and a second mobile device. | 3,600 |
341,694 | 16,802,023 | 2,833 | An electrical connection system includes various devices and structures for improving alien crosstalk performance in a high density configuration. In certain examples, a plurality of insulation displacement contacts of a connector are arranged at angle and oriented to be symmetrical about an axial of the connector. The connector includes a connector housing and a shield cap configured to at least partially cover the connector housing. The shield cap includes a shield wall and an open side that is not closed by a shield wall. The shield wall exposes a portion of the connector when the shield cap is mounted to the connector housing. When a plurality of such connectors are arranged side by side in a high density configuration, the connectors are aligned such that the open side of the shield cap is arranged close to, or abutted to, the shield wall of the shield cap of an adjacent connector. | 1-30. (canceled) 31. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end, wherein the plurality of insulation displacement contacts includes a first pair, a second pair, a third pair, and a fourth pair; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end;
wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first and second shoulders having a length that extends from the third side wall to the open side, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom;
a plurality of barriers positioned on the end wall, wherein the plurality of barriers includes a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the second barrier;
the first, second, third and fourth barriers each having a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder; and
a latch positioned on an inner surface of the first and second side walls, the latch being configured to engage a corresponding latch receptacle of the connector housing to mount the cap to the connector housing. 32. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 33. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 34. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 35. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 36. The electrical connector according to claim 31, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 37. The electrical connector according to claim 36, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 38. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 39. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the first barrier and the third barrier are aligned along a single plane. 40. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the second barrier and the fourth barrier are aligned along a single plane. 41. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 31; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 42. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. 43. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end, wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom; and
a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the third barrier being aligned along a plane with the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the fourth barrier being aligned along a plane with the second barrier;
wherein the first, second, third and fourth barriers each have a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder. 44. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 45. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 46. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 47. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 48. The electrical connector according to claim 43, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 49. The electrical connector according to claim 48, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 50. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 51. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 43; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 52. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. | An electrical connection system includes various devices and structures for improving alien crosstalk performance in a high density configuration. In certain examples, a plurality of insulation displacement contacts of a connector are arranged at angle and oriented to be symmetrical about an axial of the connector. The connector includes a connector housing and a shield cap configured to at least partially cover the connector housing. The shield cap includes a shield wall and an open side that is not closed by a shield wall. The shield wall exposes a portion of the connector when the shield cap is mounted to the connector housing. When a plurality of such connectors are arranged side by side in a high density configuration, the connectors are aligned such that the open side of the shield cap is arranged close to, or abutted to, the shield wall of the shield cap of an adjacent connector.1-30. (canceled) 31. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end, wherein the plurality of insulation displacement contacts includes a first pair, a second pair, a third pair, and a fourth pair; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end;
wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first and second shoulders having a length that extends from the third side wall to the open side, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom;
a plurality of barriers positioned on the end wall, wherein the plurality of barriers includes a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the second barrier;
the first, second, third and fourth barriers each having a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder; and
a latch positioned on an inner surface of the first and second side walls, the latch being configured to engage a corresponding latch receptacle of the connector housing to mount the cap to the connector housing. 32. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 33. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 34. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 35. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 36. The electrical connector according to claim 31, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 37. The electrical connector according to claim 36, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 38. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 39. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the first barrier and the third barrier are aligned along a single plane. 40. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the second barrier and the fourth barrier are aligned along a single plane. 41. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 31; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 42. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. 43. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end, wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom; and
a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the third barrier being aligned along a plane with the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the fourth barrier being aligned along a plane with the second barrier;
wherein the first, second, third and fourth barriers each have a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder. 44. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 45. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 46. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 47. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 48. The electrical connector according to claim 43, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 49. The electrical connector according to claim 48, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 50. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 51. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 43; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 52. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. | 2,800 |
341,695 | 16,802,003 | 2,833 | An electrical connection system includes various devices and structures for improving alien crosstalk performance in a high density configuration. In certain examples, a plurality of insulation displacement contacts of a connector are arranged at angle and oriented to be symmetrical about an axial of the connector. The connector includes a connector housing and a shield cap configured to at least partially cover the connector housing. The shield cap includes a shield wall and an open side that is not closed by a shield wall. The shield wall exposes a portion of the connector when the shield cap is mounted to the connector housing. When a plurality of such connectors are arranged side by side in a high density configuration, the connectors are aligned such that the open side of the shield cap is arranged close to, or abutted to, the shield wall of the shield cap of an adjacent connector. | 1-30. (canceled) 31. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end, wherein the plurality of insulation displacement contacts includes a first pair, a second pair, a third pair, and a fourth pair; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end;
wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first and second shoulders having a length that extends from the third side wall to the open side, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom;
a plurality of barriers positioned on the end wall, wherein the plurality of barriers includes a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the second barrier;
the first, second, third and fourth barriers each having a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder; and
a latch positioned on an inner surface of the first and second side walls, the latch being configured to engage a corresponding latch receptacle of the connector housing to mount the cap to the connector housing. 32. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 33. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 34. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 35. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 36. The electrical connector according to claim 31, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 37. The electrical connector according to claim 36, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 38. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 39. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the first barrier and the third barrier are aligned along a single plane. 40. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the second barrier and the fourth barrier are aligned along a single plane. 41. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 31; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 42. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. 43. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end, wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom; and
a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the third barrier being aligned along a plane with the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the fourth barrier being aligned along a plane with the second barrier;
wherein the first, second, third and fourth barriers each have a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder. 44. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 45. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 46. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 47. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 48. The electrical connector according to claim 43, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 49. The electrical connector according to claim 48, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 50. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 51. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 43; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 52. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. | An electrical connection system includes various devices and structures for improving alien crosstalk performance in a high density configuration. In certain examples, a plurality of insulation displacement contacts of a connector are arranged at angle and oriented to be symmetrical about an axial of the connector. The connector includes a connector housing and a shield cap configured to at least partially cover the connector housing. The shield cap includes a shield wall and an open side that is not closed by a shield wall. The shield wall exposes a portion of the connector when the shield cap is mounted to the connector housing. When a plurality of such connectors are arranged side by side in a high density configuration, the connectors are aligned such that the open side of the shield cap is arranged close to, or abutted to, the shield wall of the shield cap of an adjacent connector.1-30. (canceled) 31. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end, wherein the plurality of insulation displacement contacts includes a first pair, a second pair, a third pair, and a fourth pair; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end;
wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first and second shoulders having a length that extends from the third side wall to the open side, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom;
a plurality of barriers positioned on the end wall, wherein the plurality of barriers includes a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the second barrier;
the first, second, third and fourth barriers each having a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder; and
a latch positioned on an inner surface of the first and second side walls, the latch being configured to engage a corresponding latch receptacle of the connector housing to mount the cap to the connector housing. 32. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 33. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 34. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 35. The electrical connector according to claim 32, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 36. The electrical connector according to claim 31, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 37. The electrical connector according to claim 36, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 38. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 39. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the first barrier and the third barrier are aligned along a single plane. 40. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein the second barrier and the fourth barrier are aligned along a single plane. 41. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 31; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 42. The electrical connector according to claim 31, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. 43. An electrical connector comprising:
a connector housing having a front end and a rear end, the connector housing including:
a cavity opened at the front end for receiving a plug; and
a plurality of insulation displacement contacts supported by the connector housing and extending from the connector housing at the rear end; and
a cap configured to be mounted to the connector housing at the rear end, the cap being made from a material suitable for shielding cross-talk, the cap including:
a first side wall, a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and a third side wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall, the first, second, and third side walls configured to partially cover the connector housing when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the cap including an open side arranged opposite to the third side wall, the open side configured to at least partially expose the connector housing therethrough when the cap is mounted to the connector housing;
an end wall having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the end wall being attached to the first, second, and third side walls to form an end portion of the cap, wherein the first end of the end wall is attached to the first side wall and the second end of the end wall is attached to the second side wall, the end portion having an inner surface and an outer surface, and the end portion defining a cable opening with a predetermined form factor sized and shaped to receive a cable therein, the predetermine form factor having a closed end and an open end, wherein the predetermined form factor includes a rounded portion at the closed end and a neck portion at the open end that extends from the rounded portion to form an open end at the open side;
a first shoulder formed on the first side wall that connects with the end portion at the first end thereof, and a second shoulder formed on the second side wall that connects with the end portion at the second end thereof, the first shoulder having a first plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom and the second shoulder having a second plurality of cross-walls projecting therefrom; and
a first barrier extending along a first edge of the neck portion, a second barrier opposite to the first barrier extending along an opposite, second edge of the neck portion, a third barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the third barrier being aligned along a plane with the first barrier, and a fourth barrier extending from the third side wall in a direction towards the rounded portion, the fourth barrier being aligned along a plane with the second barrier;
wherein the first, second, third and fourth barriers each have a cross-wall extending thereon, the cross-wall of the first and third barriers extending in a first direction that opposes the first plurality of cross-walls of the first shoulder, and the cross-wall of the second and fourth barriers extending in a second direction that opposes the second plurality of cross-walls of the second shoulder. 44. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap incudes a cable sleeve extending from the outer surface thereof, the cable sleeve includes an axial opening defined along an axial length of the cable sleeve. 45. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is arranged in the same direction as the open side of the cap. 46. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein the axial opening is configured such that the cable is snap-fit into the cable sleeve through the axial opening. 47. The electrical connector according to claim 44, wherein when the cap is mounted to the connector housing, the axial opening defined along the axial length of the cable sleeve remains open. 48. The electrical connector according to claim 43, further comprising a panel interface housing including a plurality of holes, each hole configured to at least partially receive the electrical connector. 49. The electrical connector according to claim 48, wherein the panel interface housing includes at least one panel shield wall arranged between the plurality of holes, the panel shield wall configured to be disposed between adjacent connector housings when a plurality of the electrical connectors are received within the plurality of holes. 50. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein the cap is integrally made from a non-conductive material having conductive particles dispersed therein. 51. An electrical connection system comprising:
a plurality of connectors, each connector according to claim 43; and a panel interface housing including a plurality of connector holes configured to at least partially receive the plurality of connectors, wherein the plurality of connectors are inserted into the plurality of connector holes respectively such that the third side wall of the cap of a connector of the plurality of connectors faces the open side of the cap of an adjacent connector of the plurality of connectors. 52. The electrical connector according to claim 43, wherein recessed surfaces are defined in the first and second side walls to provide clearance to exposed wire conductors of the cable after termination. | 2,800 |
341,696 | 16,802,042 | 2,833 | Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for technology to identify image data, identify eye data from the image data, where the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display, and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. | 1. A computing device, comprising:
a network interface to transmit and receive data; and a processor communicatively coupled to the network interface, the processor configured to:
identify image data;
identify eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and
determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify the point of gaze from the image data; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further to:
determine whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 5. The computing device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further to:
cause the display to present an image, wherein the image is to be associated with the expected facial expression. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify personal data associated with the user; cause the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticate the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify a path traced by the eye movement; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. 8. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to:
identify image data; identify eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 9. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify the point of gaze from the image data; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 10. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 11. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
determine whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 12. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
cause an image to be displayed to the user, wherein the image is to be associated with the expected facial expression. 13. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify personal data associated with the user; cause the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticate the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 14. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify a path traced by the eye movement; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. 15. A method comprising:
identifying image data; identifying eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying the point of gaze from the image data; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying personal data associated with the user; causing the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticating the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying a path traced by the eye movement; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. | Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for technology to identify image data, identify eye data from the image data, where the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display, and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze.1. A computing device, comprising:
a network interface to transmit and receive data; and a processor communicatively coupled to the network interface, the processor configured to:
identify image data;
identify eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and
determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify the point of gaze from the image data; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the processor is further to:
determine whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 5. The computing device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further to:
cause the display to present an image, wherein the image is to be associated with the expected facial expression. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify personal data associated with the user; cause the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticate the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further to:
identify a path traced by the eye movement; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. 8. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to:
identify image data; identify eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 9. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify the point of gaze from the image data; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 10. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 11. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
determine whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 12. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
cause an image to be displayed to the user, wherein the image is to be associated with the expected facial expression. 13. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify personal data associated with the user; cause the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticate the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 14. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the computing device to:
identify a path traced by the eye movement; and determine whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. 15. A method comprising:
identifying image data; identifying eye data from the image data, wherein the eye data includes one or more of an eye movement of a user or a point of gaze of the user on a display; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on the one or more of the eye movement or the point of gaze. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying the point of gaze from the image data; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the point of gaze to a position on the display. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying facial data from the image data, wherein the facial data is associated with a facial expression of the user; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on the facial data. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining whether to authenticate the user based on whether the facial data corresponds to an expected facial expression. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying personal data associated with the user; causing the personal data to be presented to the user on the display at a display position; and authenticating the user based on the point of gaze and the display position. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying a path traced by the eye movement; and determining whether to authenticate the user based on a comparison of the path to an expected path. | 2,800 |
341,697 | 16,802,068 | 2,859 | A portable battery pack containing multiple battery stacks operable to deliver power to equipment with differing power requirements that may further be compact and easily maintained. Further, the battery pack may have an integrated battery management system and charger system to prevent over-discharge and/or overcharging of the battery cells contained therein. | 1. A battery pack comprising:
a first plurality of individual battery cells arranged into a first battery stack having a first voltage rating in operative communication with a first output, the first output having the same voltage rating as the first battery stack; a second plurality of individual battery cells arranged to a second battery stack having a second voltage rating in operative communication with a second output, the second output having the same voltage rating as the second battery stack; and a third plurality of individual battery cells arranged into a third battery stack having a third voltage rating in operative communication with a third output, the third output having the same voltage rating as the third battery stack; a battery management system wherein the battery management system is able to recognize or be programmed to recognize battery type of the battery cells within each of the first battery stack, the second battery stack and the third battery stack; and a charger in operative communication with, and operable to recharge, each of the first, second, and third battery stacks. 2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of individual battery cells, the second plurality of individual battery cells and the third plurality of individual battery cells comprise at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the first battery stack is rated to deliver 24 volts through the first output. 4. The battery pack of claim 3 wherein the first and second battery stacks are rated to deliver 36 volts through the second output. 5. The battery pack of claim 4 wherein the first, second, and third battery stacks are rated to deliver 48 volts through the third output. 6. The battery pack of claim 2 wherein the battery management system further comprises:
a charging system operable to direct the charger to recharge the first, second, and third battery stacks. 7. The battery pack of claim 2 further comprising:
a communications port in operable communication with the battery management system and further operable to communicate battery data to an external device and battery data to the battery management system. 8. The battery pack of claim 7 wherein the communications port further comprises:
a wireless transceiver operable to wirelessly transmit battery data to the external device. 9. The battery pack of claim 2 further comprising:
a display unit operable to display at least one of the capacity, charge level, ambient temperature, operating time, battery type and voltage of the battery pack. 10. A method of discharging a battery pack comprising:
receiving a connection to an apparatus in one of a first output, a second output, and a third output of a battery pack; providing a first battery stack, a second battery stack and a third battery stack; adjusting the battery pack in response to at least one identifying indicia on the battery stack corresponding to a battery type; and discharging power from at least one of: the first battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the first output; the first battery stack and the second battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the second output; and the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the third output. 11. The battery pack of claim 10, wherein the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack comprise battery cells of at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first battery stack is rated at 24 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 24 volts of power from the first battery stack through the first output in response to receiving the connection in the first output. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the second battery stack is rated at 12 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 36 volts of power from the first battery stack and the second battery stack through the second output in response to receiving the connection in the second output. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the third battery stack is rated at 12 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 48 volts of power from the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack through the third output in response to receiving the connection in the third output. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the battery pack includes a battery management system and the method further comprises:
monitoring the charge level of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system; and
interrupting the discharge of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system when the charge level falls below a preset threshold. 16. A method of charging a battery pack comprising:
receiving a connection to an external power source by a plug on a battery pack; providing a first battery stack, a second battery stack and a third battery stack; adjusting the battery pack in response to at least one identifying indicia on the battery stack corresponding to a battery type; and delivering power through a charger carried in the battery pack to one or more of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack, according to the relative power levels thereof such that power is first delivered to the battery stack with the lowest charge level before delivering power to battery stacks with higher charge levels and wherein the first battery stack, second battery stack and third battery stack have the same battery cell types. 17. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack comprise battery cells of at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
delivering power to the battery stack with the lowest relative charge level to raise the battery stack to a charge level equal to a charge level of the battery stack with the second highest charge level;
delivering power to the both of the equal battery stacks simultaneously to raise the charge levels thereof to a charge level equal to the charge level of the battery stack with the highest charge level; and
delivering power to all three of the first, second, and third battery stacks simultaneously to raise the charge levels thereof to a full capacity charge level. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the battery pack includes a battery management system and the method further comprises:
monitoring the charge level of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system;
directing the delivery of power between the first, second, and third battery stacks according to the relative charge levels thereof; and
interrupting the delivery of power to the first, second, and third battery stacks when the charge levels thereof reach the full capacity charge level. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
directing the delivery of power to all three of the first, second, and third battery stacks regardless of their relative charge levels only when the battery management system determines that the charge levels of are three battery stacks are below a minimum threshold;
charging each of the first, second, and third battery stacks nearly simultaneously to the full capacity charge level; and
interrupting the delivery of power to the first, second, and third battery stacks individually when the charge levels of each stack reaches the full capacity charge level. | A portable battery pack containing multiple battery stacks operable to deliver power to equipment with differing power requirements that may further be compact and easily maintained. Further, the battery pack may have an integrated battery management system and charger system to prevent over-discharge and/or overcharging of the battery cells contained therein.1. A battery pack comprising:
a first plurality of individual battery cells arranged into a first battery stack having a first voltage rating in operative communication with a first output, the first output having the same voltage rating as the first battery stack; a second plurality of individual battery cells arranged to a second battery stack having a second voltage rating in operative communication with a second output, the second output having the same voltage rating as the second battery stack; and a third plurality of individual battery cells arranged into a third battery stack having a third voltage rating in operative communication with a third output, the third output having the same voltage rating as the third battery stack; a battery management system wherein the battery management system is able to recognize or be programmed to recognize battery type of the battery cells within each of the first battery stack, the second battery stack and the third battery stack; and a charger in operative communication with, and operable to recharge, each of the first, second, and third battery stacks. 2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of individual battery cells, the second plurality of individual battery cells and the third plurality of individual battery cells comprise at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein the first battery stack is rated to deliver 24 volts through the first output. 4. The battery pack of claim 3 wherein the first and second battery stacks are rated to deliver 36 volts through the second output. 5. The battery pack of claim 4 wherein the first, second, and third battery stacks are rated to deliver 48 volts through the third output. 6. The battery pack of claim 2 wherein the battery management system further comprises:
a charging system operable to direct the charger to recharge the first, second, and third battery stacks. 7. The battery pack of claim 2 further comprising:
a communications port in operable communication with the battery management system and further operable to communicate battery data to an external device and battery data to the battery management system. 8. The battery pack of claim 7 wherein the communications port further comprises:
a wireless transceiver operable to wirelessly transmit battery data to the external device. 9. The battery pack of claim 2 further comprising:
a display unit operable to display at least one of the capacity, charge level, ambient temperature, operating time, battery type and voltage of the battery pack. 10. A method of discharging a battery pack comprising:
receiving a connection to an apparatus in one of a first output, a second output, and a third output of a battery pack; providing a first battery stack, a second battery stack and a third battery stack; adjusting the battery pack in response to at least one identifying indicia on the battery stack corresponding to a battery type; and discharging power from at least one of: the first battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the first output; the first battery stack and the second battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the second output; and the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack in response to receiving the connection in the third output. 11. The battery pack of claim 10, wherein the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack comprise battery cells of at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first battery stack is rated at 24 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 24 volts of power from the first battery stack through the first output in response to receiving the connection in the first output. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the second battery stack is rated at 12 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 36 volts of power from the first battery stack and the second battery stack through the second output in response to receiving the connection in the second output. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the third battery stack is rated at 12 volts and the method further comprises:
discharging 48 volts of power from the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack through the third output in response to receiving the connection in the third output. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the battery pack includes a battery management system and the method further comprises:
monitoring the charge level of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system; and
interrupting the discharge of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system when the charge level falls below a preset threshold. 16. A method of charging a battery pack comprising:
receiving a connection to an external power source by a plug on a battery pack; providing a first battery stack, a second battery stack and a third battery stack; adjusting the battery pack in response to at least one identifying indicia on the battery stack corresponding to a battery type; and delivering power through a charger carried in the battery pack to one or more of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack, according to the relative power levels thereof such that power is first delivered to the battery stack with the lowest charge level before delivering power to battery stacks with higher charge levels and wherein the first battery stack, second battery stack and third battery stack have the same battery cell types. 17. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack comprise battery cells of at least one of the following types of battery cells: NiCd, NiMH, Lead Acid, LCO, LMO, NMC, LFP, NCA and LTO. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
delivering power to the battery stack with the lowest relative charge level to raise the battery stack to a charge level equal to a charge level of the battery stack with the second highest charge level;
delivering power to the both of the equal battery stacks simultaneously to raise the charge levels thereof to a charge level equal to the charge level of the battery stack with the highest charge level; and
delivering power to all three of the first, second, and third battery stacks simultaneously to raise the charge levels thereof to a full capacity charge level. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the battery pack includes a battery management system and the method further comprises:
monitoring the charge level of the first battery stack, the second battery stack, and the third battery stack via the battery management system;
directing the delivery of power between the first, second, and third battery stacks according to the relative charge levels thereof; and
interrupting the delivery of power to the first, second, and third battery stacks when the charge levels thereof reach the full capacity charge level. 20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
directing the delivery of power to all three of the first, second, and third battery stacks regardless of their relative charge levels only when the battery management system determines that the charge levels of are three battery stacks are below a minimum threshold;
charging each of the first, second, and third battery stacks nearly simultaneously to the full capacity charge level; and
interrupting the delivery of power to the first, second, and third battery stacks individually when the charge levels of each stack reaches the full capacity charge level. | 2,800 |
341,698 | 16,802,001 | 2,859 | Method and apparatus for detecting anomalous flights. Embodiments collect sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight. Feature definitions are determined, specifying a sensor device and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the device. Embodiments determine whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model. An anomaly is detected including at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where a data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself. A report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight is generated. | 1. A method, comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements; retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices; determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions, wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anomaly detection model comprises a plurality of online networked anomaly detection (ONAD) modules, and the method further comprising:
training the anomaly detection model, comprising:
collecting sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft during a plurality of previous flights; and
for each of the plurality of previous flights, and for each of the plurality of ONAD modules, updating a respective module memory array with a respective learned test reference (LTR) point for the previous flight. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each LTR point comprises one or more statistical measures, correlation coefficients or other values of a feature measured against itself or any other feature or a plurality of other features, and wherein training the anomaly detection model further comprises:
determining a convergence bound value; calculating a convergence value for each LTR point across the plurality of previous flights; and upon determining that a calculated convergence values for a first one of the plurality of previous flights exceeds the convergence bound value, determining that the training is complete. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the convergence values are calculated according to the following equation 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions comprises a temporal representation of a measure of a differential magnitude over a window of time between values from one of the plurality of sensor devices, and wherein determining whether the anomalous activity occurred during the flight using the anomaly detection model, further comprises:
calculating the feature values, based on the collected sensor data and the plurality of feature definitions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definition is further based on a respective time value during the flight at which the collected sensor data was collected by the respective one or more sensor devices, and wherein the time is expressed as at least one of (i) a measure of time elapsed since a beginning of the flight, (ii) a measure of time during one of a plurality of phases during the flight, (iii) a measure of time remaining in the flight, (iv) a percentage amount of time elapsed since a beginning of the flight and (v) a percentage amount of time remaining in the flight. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definition further comprises:
calculating the feature values based on one or more windows of sensor data collected by the respective one or more sensor devices during the flight. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight further comprises:
calculating an anomaly score for the flight, wherein the anomaly score characterizes the anomalous activity that occurred during the flight with respect to both a duration of the anomalous activity and a magnitude of the anomalous activity. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein ai m represents a number of anomalies detected by module m during the flight i, wherein Ti m represents a number of samples provided to module m during the flight i, wherein 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a weighting value wi m is used to scale an output of the anomaly score based on a convergence value CVi m, wherein 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the calculated anomaly score for the flight comprises a duration anomaly score Di m, wherein the duration anomaly score is calculated as 12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model further comprises:
calculating a single flight magnitude anomaly score Mi m, wherein the single flight magnitude anomaly score is calculated as 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model further comprises:
calculating an aggregate anomaly score for the flight as Ai m=Di m·Mi m. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected anomaly comprises a contextual anomaly. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected anomaly comprises a collective anomaly. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
outputting for display at least a portion of the report specifying the measure of the anomalous activity for the flight; and performing one or more maintenance activities on the aircraft, as a result of the report, so as to prevent anomalous activity from occurring during one or more subsequent flights of the aircraft. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using the anomaly detection model comprises comparing the feature values using a dynamic threshold generated based on training the anomaly detection model. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, over a data communications network, additional sensor data collected from a second plurality of sensor devices onboard at least one additional aircraft during a plurality of previous flights; and training the anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model comprises a plurality of online networked anomaly detection (ONAD) modules, and comprising, for each of the plurality of previous flights, updating a respective module memory array with a respective learned test reference (LTR) point for the previous flight. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer program code that, when executed, performs an operation comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements; retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices; determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions, wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a memory containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of the one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements;
retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices;
determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions,
wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and
generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. | Method and apparatus for detecting anomalous flights. Embodiments collect sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight. Feature definitions are determined, specifying a sensor device and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the device. Embodiments determine whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model. An anomaly is detected including at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where a data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself. A report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight is generated.1. A method, comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements; retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices; determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions, wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the anomaly detection model comprises a plurality of online networked anomaly detection (ONAD) modules, and the method further comprising:
training the anomaly detection model, comprising:
collecting sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft during a plurality of previous flights; and
for each of the plurality of previous flights, and for each of the plurality of ONAD modules, updating a respective module memory array with a respective learned test reference (LTR) point for the previous flight. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each LTR point comprises one or more statistical measures, correlation coefficients or other values of a feature measured against itself or any other feature or a plurality of other features, and wherein training the anomaly detection model further comprises:
determining a convergence bound value; calculating a convergence value for each LTR point across the plurality of previous flights; and upon determining that a calculated convergence values for a first one of the plurality of previous flights exceeds the convergence bound value, determining that the training is complete. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the convergence values are calculated according to the following equation 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions comprises a temporal representation of a measure of a differential magnitude over a window of time between values from one of the plurality of sensor devices, and wherein determining whether the anomalous activity occurred during the flight using the anomaly detection model, further comprises:
calculating the feature values, based on the collected sensor data and the plurality of feature definitions. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definition is further based on a respective time value during the flight at which the collected sensor data was collected by the respective one or more sensor devices, and wherein the time is expressed as at least one of (i) a measure of time elapsed since a beginning of the flight, (ii) a measure of time during one of a plurality of phases during the flight, (iii) a measure of time remaining in the flight, (iv) a percentage amount of time elapsed since a beginning of the flight and (v) a percentage amount of time remaining in the flight. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definition further comprises:
calculating the feature values based on one or more windows of sensor data collected by the respective one or more sensor devices during the flight. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight further comprises:
calculating an anomaly score for the flight, wherein the anomaly score characterizes the anomalous activity that occurred during the flight with respect to both a duration of the anomalous activity and a magnitude of the anomalous activity. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein ai m represents a number of anomalies detected by module m during the flight i, wherein Ti m represents a number of samples provided to module m during the flight i, wherein 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a weighting value wi m is used to scale an output of the anomaly score based on a convergence value CVi m, wherein 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the calculated anomaly score for the flight comprises a duration anomaly score Di m, wherein the duration anomaly score is calculated as 12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model further comprises:
calculating a single flight magnitude anomaly score Mi m, wherein the single flight magnitude anomaly score is calculated as 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model further comprises:
calculating an aggregate anomaly score for the flight as Ai m=Di m·Mi m. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected anomaly comprises a contextual anomaly. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected anomaly comprises a collective anomaly. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
outputting for display at least a portion of the report specifying the measure of the anomalous activity for the flight; and performing one or more maintenance activities on the aircraft, as a result of the report, so as to prevent anomalous activity from occurring during one or more subsequent flights of the aircraft. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using the anomaly detection model comprises comparing the feature values using a dynamic threshold generated based on training the anomaly detection model. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, over a data communications network, additional sensor data collected from a second plurality of sensor devices onboard at least one additional aircraft during a plurality of previous flights; and training the anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model comprises a plurality of online networked anomaly detection (ONAD) modules, and comprising, for each of the plurality of previous flights, updating a respective module memory array with a respective learned test reference (LTR) point for the previous flight. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer program code that, when executed, performs an operation comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements; retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices; determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions, wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. 20. A system, comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a memory containing computer program code that, when executed by operation of the one or more computer processors, performs an operation comprising:
collecting sensor data from a plurality of sensor devices onboard an aircraft during a flight, wherein the collected sensor data from the plurality of sensor devices onboard the aircraft comprises any combination of measurements;
retrieving a plurality of feature definitions, wherein a first one of the plurality of feature definitions specifies one or more of the plurality of sensor devices and an algorithm for deriving data values from sensor data collected from the one or more sensor devices;
determining whether anomalous activity occurred during the flight using an anomaly detection model, wherein the anomaly detection model describes a pattern of normal feature values for at least the first feature definition, and wherein the determining further comprises comparing feature values calculated from the collected sensor data with the pattern of normal feature values for the first feature definitions,
wherein an anomaly is detected comprising at least one of (i) a contextual anomaly where at least one data instance of a plurality of data instances is anomalous relative to a specific context, or (ii) a collective anomaly where two or more data instances within the plurality of data instances are anomalous relative to a remainder of the plurality of data instances, even though each of the two or more data instances is not anomalous in and of itself; and
generating a report specifying a measure of the anomalous activity for the flight. | 2,800 |
341,699 | 16,802,043 | 2,859 | A sterilization packaging system with features for sealing a volume against an ingress of contaminants is provided. Such features include a sealing gasket and a sheet of filter material. The gasket seals a lid to a seal rim of a container base of the sterilization packaging system. The gasket can enable quick identification of punctures, holes, tears, etc. so that the user notices immediately that the seal has been breached and that the contents of the sterilization packaging have been exposed to the outside environment. | 1. A sealing assembly for a sterilization packaging system, the sealing assembly comprising:
a gasket having an outer edge, an inner edge, and an upper surface and a lower surface each extending from the outer edge to the inner edge, wherein the gasket comprises an outer layer and an inner core, wherein the outer layer includes a first material compounded with a first colored pigment, and the inner core includes a second material compounded with a second colored pigment, wherein a sufficient level of contrast exists between the outer layer and the inner core to detect a breach of the outer layer. 2. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein a breach of the outer layer exposes the second colored pigment of the inner core to facilitate detection of the breach. 3. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer layer is darker than the inner core, wherein the outer layer and the inner core exhibit a ΔE* color difference greater than about 2.5 as determined according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 standard. 4. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner core exhibits a saturation level of greater than about 25%. 5. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner core exhibits a value level of greater than about 25%. 6. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the second material is less compressible and more rigid than the first material. 7. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are made from the same polymer. 8. The sealing assembly of claim 7, wherein the first material and the second material have different durometers, wherein the first material has a lower durometer than the second material. 9. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are made from polyurethane, silicone, polyvulcanate, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulphones, crosslinked elastomers, or a combination thereof. 10. A sterilization packaging system having a volume for containing items to be sterilized, the sterilization packaging system comprising:
a lid having an upper surface defining a perimeter and a lip extending downward from the perimeter; a base having a lower surface, a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall extending from the lower surface, wherein the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall terminate at a seal rim defining a perimeter of an opening of the base; a filter; and a sealing assembly, wherein the sealing assembly is configured to seal the lid to the seal rim of the base, the sealing assembly comprising: a gasket having an outer edge, an inner edge, and an upper surface and a lower surface each extending from the outer edge to the inner edge, wherein the gasket comprises an outer layer and an inner core, wherein the outer layer includes a first material compounded with a first colored pigment, and the inner core includes a second material compounded with a second colored pigment, wherein a sufficient level of contrast exists between the outer layer and the inner core to detect a breach of the outer layer. 11. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein a breach of the outer layer of the gasket exposes the second colored pigment of the inner core of the gasket to facilitate detection of the breach. 12. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the outer layer of the gasket is darker than the inner core of the gasket, wherein the outer layer of the gasket and the inner core of the gasket exhibit a ΔE* color difference greater than about 2.5 as determined according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 standard. 13. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the inner core of the gasket exhibits a saturation level of greater than about 25%. 14. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the inner core of the gasket exhibits a value level of greater than about 25%. 15. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the second material of the gasket is less compressible and more rigid than the first material of the gasket. 16. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the first material of the gasket and the second material of the gasket are made from the same polymer. 17. The sterilization packaging system of claim 16, wherein the first material of the gasket and the second material of the gasket have different durometers, wherein the first material has a lower durometer than the second material. 18. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the first material and the second material are made from polyurethane, silicone, polyvulcanate, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulphones, crosslinked elastomers, or a combination thereof. 19. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly is configured to provide a continuous sealing interface between the lid and the base. 20. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly and the filter are disposable, further wherein the lid and the base are reusable. 21. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly is reusable and the filter is disposable, further wherein the lid and the base are reusable. | A sterilization packaging system with features for sealing a volume against an ingress of contaminants is provided. Such features include a sealing gasket and a sheet of filter material. The gasket seals a lid to a seal rim of a container base of the sterilization packaging system. The gasket can enable quick identification of punctures, holes, tears, etc. so that the user notices immediately that the seal has been breached and that the contents of the sterilization packaging have been exposed to the outside environment.1. A sealing assembly for a sterilization packaging system, the sealing assembly comprising:
a gasket having an outer edge, an inner edge, and an upper surface and a lower surface each extending from the outer edge to the inner edge, wherein the gasket comprises an outer layer and an inner core, wherein the outer layer includes a first material compounded with a first colored pigment, and the inner core includes a second material compounded with a second colored pigment, wherein a sufficient level of contrast exists between the outer layer and the inner core to detect a breach of the outer layer. 2. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein a breach of the outer layer exposes the second colored pigment of the inner core to facilitate detection of the breach. 3. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the outer layer is darker than the inner core, wherein the outer layer and the inner core exhibit a ΔE* color difference greater than about 2.5 as determined according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 standard. 4. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner core exhibits a saturation level of greater than about 25%. 5. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner core exhibits a value level of greater than about 25%. 6. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the second material is less compressible and more rigid than the first material. 7. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are made from the same polymer. 8. The sealing assembly of claim 7, wherein the first material and the second material have different durometers, wherein the first material has a lower durometer than the second material. 9. The sealing assembly of claim 1, wherein the first material and the second material are made from polyurethane, silicone, polyvulcanate, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulphones, crosslinked elastomers, or a combination thereof. 10. A sterilization packaging system having a volume for containing items to be sterilized, the sterilization packaging system comprising:
a lid having an upper surface defining a perimeter and a lip extending downward from the perimeter; a base having a lower surface, a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall extending from the lower surface, wherein the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall terminate at a seal rim defining a perimeter of an opening of the base; a filter; and a sealing assembly, wherein the sealing assembly is configured to seal the lid to the seal rim of the base, the sealing assembly comprising: a gasket having an outer edge, an inner edge, and an upper surface and a lower surface each extending from the outer edge to the inner edge, wherein the gasket comprises an outer layer and an inner core, wherein the outer layer includes a first material compounded with a first colored pigment, and the inner core includes a second material compounded with a second colored pigment, wherein a sufficient level of contrast exists between the outer layer and the inner core to detect a breach of the outer layer. 11. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein a breach of the outer layer of the gasket exposes the second colored pigment of the inner core of the gasket to facilitate detection of the breach. 12. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the outer layer of the gasket is darker than the inner core of the gasket, wherein the outer layer of the gasket and the inner core of the gasket exhibit a ΔE* color difference greater than about 2.5 as determined according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1976 standard. 13. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the inner core of the gasket exhibits a saturation level of greater than about 25%. 14. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the inner core of the gasket exhibits a value level of greater than about 25%. 15. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the second material of the gasket is less compressible and more rigid than the first material of the gasket. 16. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the first material of the gasket and the second material of the gasket are made from the same polymer. 17. The sterilization packaging system of claim 16, wherein the first material of the gasket and the second material of the gasket have different durometers, wherein the first material has a lower durometer than the second material. 18. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the first material and the second material are made from polyurethane, silicone, polyvulcanate, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulphones, crosslinked elastomers, or a combination thereof. 19. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly is configured to provide a continuous sealing interface between the lid and the base. 20. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly and the filter are disposable, further wherein the lid and the base are reusable. 21. The sterilization packaging system of claim 10, wherein the sealing assembly is reusable and the filter is disposable, further wherein the lid and the base are reusable. | 2,800 |
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