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341,700 | 16,802,017 | 2,859 | The object is achieved by a magnetic recording medium containing ε-type iron oxide particles, in which a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%, and a squareness ratio of the magnetic recording medium measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium is higher than 0.3 and equal to or lower than 0.5. The object is also achieved by the application of the magnetic recording medium. | 1. A magnetic recording medium comprising:
ε-type iron oxide particles, wherein a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%, and a squareness ratio of the magnetic recording medium measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium is higher than 0.3 and equal to or lower than 0.5. 2. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 1.00 to 1.35. 3. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein an average equivalent circular diameter of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 8.0 nm to 15.0 nm. 4. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 2,
wherein an average equivalent circular diameter of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 8.0 nm to 15.0 nm. 5. A manufacturing method of ε-type iron oxide particles, comprising:
a step A of mixing together water, a compound containing trivalent iron ions, and at least one kind of metal compound containing metallic element other than iron so as to prepare a mixed solution containing iron ions;
a step B of adding an alkali agent to the mixed solution obtained by the step A while stirring the mixed solution and stirring the mixed solution while keeping the mixed solution at a temperature equal to or higher than 0° C. and equal to or lower than 25° C.;
a step C of heating the mixed solution obtained by the step B and stirring the mixed solution while keeping the mixed solution at a liquid temperature higher than 30° C. and equal to or lower than 90° C.; and
a step D of extracting powder from the mixed solution obtained by the step C and performing a heat treatment on the obtained powder so as to obtain heat-treated powder,
wherein a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%. 6. The manufacturing method of ε-type iron oxide particles according to claim 5,
wherein a temperature of the heat treatment in the step D is within a range equal to or higher than 800° C. and equal to or lower than 1,400° C. 7. A manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium, comprising:
a step E of preparing a composition for forming a magnetic layer containing the ε-type iron oxide particles obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 5 and organic solvents; a step F of applying the composition for forming a magnetic layer to a non-magnetic support so as to form a layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer; a step G of performing a magnetic field alignment treatment on the formed layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer; and a step H of drying the layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer having undergone the magnetic field alignment treatment so as to form a magnetic layer, wherein a content rate of an organic solvent having a boiling point equal to or higher than 150° C. in all the organic solvents used for preparing the composition for forming a magnetic layer by the step E is 5% by mass to 40% by mass. 8. The manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium according to claim 7,
wherein in the manufacturing method according to claim 5, a temperature of the heat treatment in the step D is within a range equal to or higher than 800° C. and equal to or lower than 1,400° C. | The object is achieved by a magnetic recording medium containing ε-type iron oxide particles, in which a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%, and a squareness ratio of the magnetic recording medium measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium is higher than 0.3 and equal to or lower than 0.5. The object is also achieved by the application of the magnetic recording medium.1. A magnetic recording medium comprising:
ε-type iron oxide particles, wherein a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%, and a squareness ratio of the magnetic recording medium measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic recording medium is higher than 0.3 and equal to or lower than 0.5. 2. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 1.00 to 1.35. 3. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein an average equivalent circular diameter of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 8.0 nm to 15.0 nm. 4. The magnetic recording medium according to claim 2,
wherein an average equivalent circular diameter of the ε-type iron oxide particles is within a range of 8.0 nm to 15.0 nm. 5. A manufacturing method of ε-type iron oxide particles, comprising:
a step A of mixing together water, a compound containing trivalent iron ions, and at least one kind of metal compound containing metallic element other than iron so as to prepare a mixed solution containing iron ions;
a step B of adding an alkali agent to the mixed solution obtained by the step A while stirring the mixed solution and stirring the mixed solution while keeping the mixed solution at a temperature equal to or higher than 0° C. and equal to or lower than 25° C.;
a step C of heating the mixed solution obtained by the step B and stirring the mixed solution while keeping the mixed solution at a liquid temperature higher than 30° C. and equal to or lower than 90° C.; and
a step D of extracting powder from the mixed solution obtained by the step C and performing a heat treatment on the obtained powder so as to obtain heat-treated powder,
wherein a coefficient of variation of an aspect ratio of the ε-type iron oxide particles is equal to or smaller than 18%. 6. The manufacturing method of ε-type iron oxide particles according to claim 5,
wherein a temperature of the heat treatment in the step D is within a range equal to or higher than 800° C. and equal to or lower than 1,400° C. 7. A manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium, comprising:
a step E of preparing a composition for forming a magnetic layer containing the ε-type iron oxide particles obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 5 and organic solvents; a step F of applying the composition for forming a magnetic layer to a non-magnetic support so as to form a layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer; a step G of performing a magnetic field alignment treatment on the formed layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer; and a step H of drying the layer of the composition for forming a magnetic layer having undergone the magnetic field alignment treatment so as to form a magnetic layer, wherein a content rate of an organic solvent having a boiling point equal to or higher than 150° C. in all the organic solvents used for preparing the composition for forming a magnetic layer by the step E is 5% by mass to 40% by mass. 8. The manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium according to claim 7,
wherein in the manufacturing method according to claim 5, a temperature of the heat treatment in the step D is within a range equal to or higher than 800° C. and equal to or lower than 1,400° C. | 2,800 |
341,701 | 16,802,050 | 2,859 | A support column extends in a longitudinal dimension and includes a plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures. Each longitudinal structure defines an interior passage extending along a length of the longitudinal structure. The support column includes a plurality of inner members. The plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures are aligned end-to-end along a single axis. The interior passages of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures cooperate to define an interior passage of the support column. The inner members are aligned end-to-end along the single axis within the interior passage of the support column so that opposed longitudinal ends of each of the inner members extend to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent inner member. At least one end of at least one inner member is longitudinally offset from every longitudinal end of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures. | 1. A support column extending in a longitudinal dimension, the support column comprising:
a plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures, each longitudinal structure having a first longitudinal end and an opposing second longitudinal end, and each longitudinal structure having a length in the longitudinal dimension and defining an interior passage extending along the length; and a plurality of inner members, each inner member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end and having a length in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures are aligned end-to-end along a single axis, wherein respective longitudinal ends of each of the outer hollow longitudinal structures are coupled to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent outer hollow longitudinal structure, wherein the interior passages of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures cooperate to define an interior passage of the support column, wherein the plurality of inner members are aligned end-to-end along the single axis within the interior passage of the support column so that the first and second longitudinal ends of each of the inner members extend to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent inner member, wherein at least one end of at least one inner member is longitudinally offset from every longitudinal end of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures. 2. The support column of claim 1, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure comprises:
a first channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the first channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and a second channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the second channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and wherein each of the first channel member and the second channel member, in a cross sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension, comprises
a base wall having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first end, and a second end,
a first side wall extending from the first end of the base wall, and
a second side wall extending from the second end of the base wall,
wherein the base wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall cooperate to define the inner channel,
wherein the first and second channel members are positioned with respect to each other so that the inner surface of the base wall of the first channel member opposes the inner surface of the base wall of second channel member, and so that the inner channels of the first and second channel members cooperate to define the interior passage extending in the longitudinal dimension. 3. The support column of claim 2, wherein each inner member extends from a wall of the first channel member of at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure to an opposing wall of the respective second channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure. 4. The support column of claim 3, wherein each of the inner members comprises a first parallel wall, a second parallel wall, and a web extending between the first and second parallel walls, wherein the first wall of the inner member abuts and attaches to the wall of the first channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure, and the second parallel wall of the inner member abuts the opposing wall of the respective second channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure. 5. The support column of claim 1, wherein each of the first channel member, the second channel member, and the center member comprises light gauge steel. 6. A structural assembly extending in a longitudinal dimension, the structural assembly comprising:
a first channel member, having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the first channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; a second channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the second channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and an inner member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the inner member has a length in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the first and second channel members are positioned with respect to each other so that the inner channels of the first and second channel members cooperate to define an interior passage extending in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the inner member extends through at least a portion of the interior passage and is attached to at least one of the first channel member and the second channel member, wherein at least one of the first and second longitudinal ends of the inner member extends beyond a respective longitudinal end of the first channel member and a respective longitudinal end of the second channel member in a first direction, wherein the first direction extends toward the respective longitudinal end of the first channel member from the opposing longitudinal end of the first channel member. 7. The structural assembly of claim 6, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure has the same cross sectional profile. 8. The structural assembly of claim 6, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure comprises structural tubing. | A support column extends in a longitudinal dimension and includes a plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures. Each longitudinal structure defines an interior passage extending along a length of the longitudinal structure. The support column includes a plurality of inner members. The plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures are aligned end-to-end along a single axis. The interior passages of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures cooperate to define an interior passage of the support column. The inner members are aligned end-to-end along the single axis within the interior passage of the support column so that opposed longitudinal ends of each of the inner members extend to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent inner member. At least one end of at least one inner member is longitudinally offset from every longitudinal end of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures.1. A support column extending in a longitudinal dimension, the support column comprising:
a plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures, each longitudinal structure having a first longitudinal end and an opposing second longitudinal end, and each longitudinal structure having a length in the longitudinal dimension and defining an interior passage extending along the length; and a plurality of inner members, each inner member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end and having a length in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures are aligned end-to-end along a single axis, wherein respective longitudinal ends of each of the outer hollow longitudinal structures are coupled to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent outer hollow longitudinal structure, wherein the interior passages of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures cooperate to define an interior passage of the support column, wherein the plurality of inner members are aligned end-to-end along the single axis within the interior passage of the support column so that the first and second longitudinal ends of each of the inner members extend to respective longitudinal ends of each adjacent inner member, wherein at least one end of at least one inner member is longitudinally offset from every longitudinal end of the plurality of outer hollow longitudinal structures. 2. The support column of claim 1, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure comprises:
a first channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the first channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and a second channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the second channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and wherein each of the first channel member and the second channel member, in a cross sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension, comprises
a base wall having an inner surface, an outer surface, a first end, and a second end,
a first side wall extending from the first end of the base wall, and
a second side wall extending from the second end of the base wall,
wherein the base wall, the first side wall, and the second side wall cooperate to define the inner channel,
wherein the first and second channel members are positioned with respect to each other so that the inner surface of the base wall of the first channel member opposes the inner surface of the base wall of second channel member, and so that the inner channels of the first and second channel members cooperate to define the interior passage extending in the longitudinal dimension. 3. The support column of claim 2, wherein each inner member extends from a wall of the first channel member of at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure to an opposing wall of the respective second channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure. 4. The support column of claim 3, wherein each of the inner members comprises a first parallel wall, a second parallel wall, and a web extending between the first and second parallel walls, wherein the first wall of the inner member abuts and attaches to the wall of the first channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure, and the second parallel wall of the inner member abuts the opposing wall of the respective second channel member of the at least one outer hollow longitudinal structure. 5. The support column of claim 1, wherein each of the first channel member, the second channel member, and the center member comprises light gauge steel. 6. A structural assembly extending in a longitudinal dimension, the structural assembly comprising:
a first channel member, having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the first channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; a second channel member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the second channel member has a length in the longitudinal dimension and defines an inner channel extending along the length; and an inner member having a first longitudinal end and an opposed second longitudinal end, wherein the inner member has a length in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the first and second channel members are positioned with respect to each other so that the inner channels of the first and second channel members cooperate to define an interior passage extending in the longitudinal dimension, wherein the inner member extends through at least a portion of the interior passage and is attached to at least one of the first channel member and the second channel member, wherein at least one of the first and second longitudinal ends of the inner member extends beyond a respective longitudinal end of the first channel member and a respective longitudinal end of the second channel member in a first direction, wherein the first direction extends toward the respective longitudinal end of the first channel member from the opposing longitudinal end of the first channel member. 7. The structural assembly of claim 6, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure has the same cross sectional profile. 8. The structural assembly of claim 6, wherein each outer hollow longitudinal structure comprises structural tubing. | 2,800 |
341,702 | 16,802,028 | 2,859 | An apparatus includes at least one processing device configured to obtain information regarding a given asset to be repaired, to generate a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset, and to provide the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism. The at least one processing device is also configured to receive, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action. The at least one processing device is further configured to determine whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets designated criteria, to perform the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to the predicted success meeting the designated criteria, and, to modify the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to the predicted success not meeting the designated criteria. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured to perform steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired;
generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset;
providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism;
receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action;
determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria;
performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and
responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the information regarding the given asset to be repaired comprises one or more symptom sets, a given one of the one or more symptom sets comprising an identifier of the given asset, a description of the given asset, and a description of at least one error encountered on the given asset. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the information regarding the given asset to be repaired further comprises result information regarding the success or failure of one or more troubleshooting actions previously performed on the given asset. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the machine learning model comprises a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the attention mechanism of the machine learning model is configured to focus the decoder on one or more portions of the input to the encoder. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein generating the recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset comprises:
providing the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an additional encoder of an additional machine learning model; and
receiving, from an additional decoder of the additional machine learning model, the recommended troubleshooting action. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein modifying the recommended troubleshooting action comprises:
providing the obtained information regarding the given asset and feedback regarding the recommended troubleshooting action as input to the additional encoder of the additional machine learning model; and
receiving, from the additional decoder of the additional machine learning model, the modified recommended troubleshooting action. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a diagnostic action, and wherein the one or more key performance indicators comprise at least one of:
an effectiveness in diagnosing one or more errors encountered by the given asset;
a complexity of performing the diagnostic action; and
a cost of performing the diagnostic action. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a repair action, and wherein the one or more key performance indicators comprise at least one of:
a likelihood of the repair action resulting in a verified fault of one or more components of the given asset;
a complexity of performing the repair action; and
a cost of performing the repair action. 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein responsive to determining that the recommended troubleshooting action is not associated with at least one policy from the policy database, providing a notification to a technician responsible for repairing the given asset, the notification indicating the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein responsive to determining that the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from the policy database, applying the at least one policy to determine whether to perform the recommended troubleshooting action or modify the recommended troubleshooting action. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the given asset comprises a computing device, wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a repair action, and wherein the repair action comprises modifying at least one of: one or more software components of the computing device; and one or more hardware components of the computing device. 15. A method comprising steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired; generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset; providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism; receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action; determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria; performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. 18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device to perform steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired; generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset; providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism; receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action; determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria; performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. | An apparatus includes at least one processing device configured to obtain information regarding a given asset to be repaired, to generate a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset, and to provide the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism. The at least one processing device is also configured to receive, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action. The at least one processing device is further configured to determine whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets designated criteria, to perform the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to the predicted success meeting the designated criteria, and, to modify the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to the predicted success not meeting the designated criteria.1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processing device being configured to perform steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired;
generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset;
providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism;
receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action;
determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria;
performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and
responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the information regarding the given asset to be repaired comprises one or more symptom sets, a given one of the one or more symptom sets comprising an identifier of the given asset, a description of the given asset, and a description of at least one error encountered on the given asset. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the information regarding the given asset to be repaired further comprises result information regarding the success or failure of one or more troubleshooting actions previously performed on the given asset. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the machine learning model comprises a sequence-to-sequence machine learning model. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the attention mechanism of the machine learning model is configured to focus the decoder on one or more portions of the input to the encoder. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein generating the recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset comprises:
providing the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an additional encoder of an additional machine learning model; and
receiving, from an additional decoder of the additional machine learning model, the recommended troubleshooting action. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein modifying the recommended troubleshooting action comprises:
providing the obtained information regarding the given asset and feedback regarding the recommended troubleshooting action as input to the additional encoder of the additional machine learning model; and
receiving, from the additional decoder of the additional machine learning model, the modified recommended troubleshooting action. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a diagnostic action, and wherein the one or more key performance indicators comprise at least one of:
an effectiveness in diagnosing one or more errors encountered by the given asset;
a complexity of performing the diagnostic action; and
a cost of performing the diagnostic action. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a repair action, and wherein the one or more key performance indicators comprise at least one of:
a likelihood of the repair action resulting in a verified fault of one or more components of the given asset;
a complexity of performing the repair action; and
a cost of performing the repair action. 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein responsive to determining that the recommended troubleshooting action is not associated with at least one policy from the policy database, providing a notification to a technician responsible for repairing the given asset, the notification indicating the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action. 13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein responsive to determining that the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from the policy database, applying the at least one policy to determine whether to perform the recommended troubleshooting action or modify the recommended troubleshooting action. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the given asset comprises a computing device, wherein the recommended troubleshooting action comprises a repair action, and wherein the repair action comprises modifying at least one of: one or more software components of the computing device; and one or more hardware components of the computing device. 15. A method comprising steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired; generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset; providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism; receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action; determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria; performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps; wherein the method is performed by at least one processing device comprising a processor coupled to a memory. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. 18. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, wherein the program code when executed by at least one processing device causes the at least one processing device to perform steps of:
obtaining information regarding a given asset to be repaired; generating a recommended troubleshooting action to be performed on the given asset; providing the recommended troubleshooting action and the obtained information regarding the given asset as input to an encoder of a machine learning model, the machine learning model implementing an attention mechanism; receiving, from a decoder of the machine learning model, a predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action; determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets one or more designated criteria; performing the recommended troubleshooting action responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria; and responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the one or more designated criteria, modifying the recommended troubleshooting action and repeating the providing, receiving and determining steps. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria comprises determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets a confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 determining whether the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action meets the one or more designated criteria further comprises, responsive to determining that the predicted success of the recommended troubleshooting action does not meet the confidence score for each of one or more key performance indicators, determining whether the recommended troubleshooting action is associated with at least one policy from a policy database. | 2,800 |
341,703 | 16,802,036 | 2,859 | The invention is a customizable, slidable shelving and support apparati and system for supporting, storing and accessing horticultural and agricultural specimens within growing spaces, allowing growers to utilize the maximum amount of their linear horizontal and vertical grow space and service specific areas of the garden enterprise while also allowing for maximum workspace through the use of a table and track system that provides stackable options of multiple grow layers. A method of using this slidable shelving and support apparati and system is also included. | 1. One or more portable slidable shelving and support apparati with a customizable tier configuration that includes interlocking trays with optional tray inserts comprising: a left side tray portion, a center tray portion and an optional right side tray portion, wherein said left side tray portion, center tray portion, and right side tray portion include a top planar portion wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati also includes a frame comprising a front beam, a sloped gutter, a rear beam, an optional center support cross member, a left upright support panel, and a right upright support panel wherein said rear beam is connected to said upright support panel and wherein a sloped gutter mounts to a backside of left and right upright support panels and is attached to said front beam so that said sloped gutter remains visible and wherein said rear beam is secured in an elevated position relative to said front beam that allows for increased drainage of interlocking trays and wherein said upright support panels include one or more grooved wheels attached to each leg of said upright support panels via an aperture that extends through a wheel axle and a fixture that utilizes said aperture such that said fixture is placed upon a mounted floor track surface wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati provides at least one workstation and/or storage area and thereby provides an optimal growth platform for botanical plants from which botanical extracts are extracted by placement of said support apparati in specific locations within certain geographic regions that include glass enclosed rooms and/or houses. 2. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 1, wherein additional features added include a trellis pole located at least one or more of each top corner section of each of said upright support panels and wherein offset slotted mounting apertures exist for one or more upright supports that may be opposing upright supports. 3. The tray inserts of claim 1, wherein said trays inserts have rounded edges and said tray inserts serve as workstation platforms occupied by plants and wherein said tray inserts are tilted downward and allow for water run-off to said sloped gutter. 4. The tray inserts of claim 1, wherein said tray inserts are equal in height to dividing walls of said interlocking trays so that when said tray inserts are set in place, each entire tray insert surface is level in a horizontal direction along a horizontal plane and allows placement of objects on any portion of said tray insert surface. 5. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein said interlocking trays are configured to interconnect to provide a configuration as follows;
said left side portion (L) is connected to a center portion (Cn) that is connected to a right side portion (R) that depends on a desired total width (dT) of said slidable shelving and support apparatus, wherein Cn is optional and n=0,1,2 and wherein a width (d) of each interlocking tray is a combined width comprising as dL a width of said left tray portion, dCn a width of said center tray portion and dR, a width of said right tray portion respectively, where a total width (dT) of all three tray portions within a fully assembled shelving and support apparatus is determined using Equation (1);
d T =d L +d Cn d R (1) 6. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein each tray includes a predetermined drop along a bottom back panel of said interlocking trays that lock said trays onto said rear beam and a corresponding predetermined drop along said bottom front panel that locks said tray onto said sloped gutter and wherein said gutter locks onto and/or is part of, said front beam. 7. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein a front portion of each tray is built without a lip portion so that water is allowed to run into said sloped gutter and may also include an optional angled left side tab on a front left portion of said left tray and an angled right side tab on a front right portion of said right tray that directs a flow of water inward that thereby assures water falls into said sloped gutter and prevents said tray inserts from sliding out of place. 8. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein said trays include two or more hanging orifices in a rear wall of said interlocking trays that provide an ability for hanging said interlocking trays in a position that allows for time savings in cleaning/pressure washing said interlocking trays. 9. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 1,wherein said slidable shelving is a two-tiered customizable slidable shelving and support system connected in series to another bay by sharing a single support upright consisting of a base channel support panel connected to an extension upright via a securing sleeve with driveshafts that connect each driven wheel axle along an entire length of said connected slidable shelving and support apparatus and is protected from accidental bending by drive shaft covers secured by bolts to both a front face and a top face of one or more wheel channels. 10. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 9, wherein said drive shaft is connected to a drive axle of a drive wheel that is supported by two flange bearings bolted to a base wheel channel that allows for a portion of a base channel support panel using a securing sleeve that can also support an upright. 11. A method for using one or more portable slidable shelving and support devices with customizable tier configurations that utilize interlocking trays with optional tray inserts comprising: a left side tray portion, a center tray portion and an optional right side tray portion, wherein said left side tray portion, center tray portion, and right side tray portion include a top planar portion wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati also includes a frame comprising a front beam, a sloped gutter, a rear beam, an optional center support cross member, a left upright support panel, and a right upright support panel wherein said rear beam is connected to said upright support panel and wherein a sloped gutter mounts to a backside of left and right upright support panels and is attached to said front beam so that said sloped gutter remains visible and wherein said rear beam is secured in an elevated position relative to said front beam that is allowing for increasing drainage of interlocking trays and wherein said upright support panels include one or more grooved wheels attached to each leg of said upright support panels via an aperture extending through a wheel axle and a fixture utilizing said aperture such that said fixture is placed upon a mounted floor track surface wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati are providing at least one workstation and/or storage area and thereby providing an optimal growth platform for botanical plants from which botanical extracts are extracted by placement of said support apparati in specific locations within certain geographic regions including glass enclosed rooms and/or houses. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein additional features added include a trellis pole located at least one or more of each top corner section of each of said upright support panels and wherein offset slotted mounting apertures exist for one or more upright supports that may be opposing upright supports. 13. The tray inserts of claim 11, wherein said trays inserts have rounded edges and said tray inserts serve as workstation platforms occupied by plants and wherein said tray inserts are tilted downward and allow for water run-off to said sloped gutter. 14. The tray inserts of claim 11, wherein said tray inserts are equal in height to dividing walls of said interlocking trays so that when said tray inserts are set in place, each entire tray insert surface is level in a horizontal direction along a horizontal plane and allows placement of objects on any portion of said tray insert surface. 15. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein said interlocking trays are configured to interconnect to provide a configuration as follows;
said left side portion (L) is connected to a center portion (Cn) that is connected to a right side portion (R) that depends on a desired total width (dT) of said slidable shelving and support apparatus, wherein Cn is optional and n=0,1,2 and wherein a width (d) of each interlocking tray is a combined width comprising as dL a width of said left tray portion, dCn a width of said center tray portion and dR, a width of said right tray portion respectively, where a total width (dT) of all three tray portions within a fully assembled shelving and support apparatus is determined using Equation (1);
d T =d L +d Cn +d R (1) 16. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein each tray includes a predetermined drop along a bottom back panel of said interlocking trays that lock said trays onto said rear beam and a corresponding predetermined drop along said bottom front panel that locks said tray onto said sloped gutter and wherein said gutter locks onto and/or is part of, said front beam. 17. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein a front portion of each tray is built without a lip portion so that water is allowed to run into said sloped gutter and may also include an optional angled left side tab on a front left portion of said left tray and an angled right side tab on a front right portion of said right tray that directs a flow of water inward that thereby assures water falls into said sloped gutter and prevents said tray inserts from sliding out of place. 18. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein said trays include two or more hanging orifices in a rear wall of said interlocking trays that provide an ability for hanging said interlocking trays in a position that allows for time savings in cleaning/pressure washing said interlocking trays. 19. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 11,wherein said slidable shelving is a two-tiered customizable slidable shelving and support system connected in series to another bay by sharing a single support upright consisting of a base channel support panel connected to an extension upright via a securing sleeve with driveshafts that connect each driven wheel axle along an entire length of said connected slidable shelving and support apparatus and is protected from accidental bending by drive shaft covers secured by bolts to both a front face and a top face of one or more wheel channels. 20. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 19, wherein said drive shaft is connected to a drive axle of a drive wheel that is supported by two flange bearings bolted to a base wheel channel that allows for a portion of a base channel support panel using a securing sleeve for an upright. | The invention is a customizable, slidable shelving and support apparati and system for supporting, storing and accessing horticultural and agricultural specimens within growing spaces, allowing growers to utilize the maximum amount of their linear horizontal and vertical grow space and service specific areas of the garden enterprise while also allowing for maximum workspace through the use of a table and track system that provides stackable options of multiple grow layers. A method of using this slidable shelving and support apparati and system is also included.1. One or more portable slidable shelving and support apparati with a customizable tier configuration that includes interlocking trays with optional tray inserts comprising: a left side tray portion, a center tray portion and an optional right side tray portion, wherein said left side tray portion, center tray portion, and right side tray portion include a top planar portion wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati also includes a frame comprising a front beam, a sloped gutter, a rear beam, an optional center support cross member, a left upright support panel, and a right upright support panel wherein said rear beam is connected to said upright support panel and wherein a sloped gutter mounts to a backside of left and right upright support panels and is attached to said front beam so that said sloped gutter remains visible and wherein said rear beam is secured in an elevated position relative to said front beam that allows for increased drainage of interlocking trays and wherein said upright support panels include one or more grooved wheels attached to each leg of said upright support panels via an aperture that extends through a wheel axle and a fixture that utilizes said aperture such that said fixture is placed upon a mounted floor track surface wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati provides at least one workstation and/or storage area and thereby provides an optimal growth platform for botanical plants from which botanical extracts are extracted by placement of said support apparati in specific locations within certain geographic regions that include glass enclosed rooms and/or houses. 2. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 1, wherein additional features added include a trellis pole located at least one or more of each top corner section of each of said upright support panels and wherein offset slotted mounting apertures exist for one or more upright supports that may be opposing upright supports. 3. The tray inserts of claim 1, wherein said trays inserts have rounded edges and said tray inserts serve as workstation platforms occupied by plants and wherein said tray inserts are tilted downward and allow for water run-off to said sloped gutter. 4. The tray inserts of claim 1, wherein said tray inserts are equal in height to dividing walls of said interlocking trays so that when said tray inserts are set in place, each entire tray insert surface is level in a horizontal direction along a horizontal plane and allows placement of objects on any portion of said tray insert surface. 5. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein said interlocking trays are configured to interconnect to provide a configuration as follows;
said left side portion (L) is connected to a center portion (Cn) that is connected to a right side portion (R) that depends on a desired total width (dT) of said slidable shelving and support apparatus, wherein Cn is optional and n=0,1,2 and wherein a width (d) of each interlocking tray is a combined width comprising as dL a width of said left tray portion, dCn a width of said center tray portion and dR, a width of said right tray portion respectively, where a total width (dT) of all three tray portions within a fully assembled shelving and support apparatus is determined using Equation (1);
d T =d L +d Cn d R (1) 6. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein each tray includes a predetermined drop along a bottom back panel of said interlocking trays that lock said trays onto said rear beam and a corresponding predetermined drop along said bottom front panel that locks said tray onto said sloped gutter and wherein said gutter locks onto and/or is part of, said front beam. 7. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein a front portion of each tray is built without a lip portion so that water is allowed to run into said sloped gutter and may also include an optional angled left side tab on a front left portion of said left tray and an angled right side tab on a front right portion of said right tray that directs a flow of water inward that thereby assures water falls into said sloped gutter and prevents said tray inserts from sliding out of place. 8. The interlocking trays of claim 1, wherein said trays include two or more hanging orifices in a rear wall of said interlocking trays that provide an ability for hanging said interlocking trays in a position that allows for time savings in cleaning/pressure washing said interlocking trays. 9. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 1,wherein said slidable shelving is a two-tiered customizable slidable shelving and support system connected in series to another bay by sharing a single support upright consisting of a base channel support panel connected to an extension upright via a securing sleeve with driveshafts that connect each driven wheel axle along an entire length of said connected slidable shelving and support apparatus and is protected from accidental bending by drive shaft covers secured by bolts to both a front face and a top face of one or more wheel channels. 10. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 9, wherein said drive shaft is connected to a drive axle of a drive wheel that is supported by two flange bearings bolted to a base wheel channel that allows for a portion of a base channel support panel using a securing sleeve that can also support an upright. 11. A method for using one or more portable slidable shelving and support devices with customizable tier configurations that utilize interlocking trays with optional tray inserts comprising: a left side tray portion, a center tray portion and an optional right side tray portion, wherein said left side tray portion, center tray portion, and right side tray portion include a top planar portion wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati also includes a frame comprising a front beam, a sloped gutter, a rear beam, an optional center support cross member, a left upright support panel, and a right upright support panel wherein said rear beam is connected to said upright support panel and wherein a sloped gutter mounts to a backside of left and right upright support panels and is attached to said front beam so that said sloped gutter remains visible and wherein said rear beam is secured in an elevated position relative to said front beam that is allowing for increasing drainage of interlocking trays and wherein said upright support panels include one or more grooved wheels attached to each leg of said upright support panels via an aperture extending through a wheel axle and a fixture utilizing said aperture such that said fixture is placed upon a mounted floor track surface wherein said slidable shelving and support apparati are providing at least one workstation and/or storage area and thereby providing an optimal growth platform for botanical plants from which botanical extracts are extracted by placement of said support apparati in specific locations within certain geographic regions including glass enclosed rooms and/or houses. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein additional features added include a trellis pole located at least one or more of each top corner section of each of said upright support panels and wherein offset slotted mounting apertures exist for one or more upright supports that may be opposing upright supports. 13. The tray inserts of claim 11, wherein said trays inserts have rounded edges and said tray inserts serve as workstation platforms occupied by plants and wherein said tray inserts are tilted downward and allow for water run-off to said sloped gutter. 14. The tray inserts of claim 11, wherein said tray inserts are equal in height to dividing walls of said interlocking trays so that when said tray inserts are set in place, each entire tray insert surface is level in a horizontal direction along a horizontal plane and allows placement of objects on any portion of said tray insert surface. 15. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein said interlocking trays are configured to interconnect to provide a configuration as follows;
said left side portion (L) is connected to a center portion (Cn) that is connected to a right side portion (R) that depends on a desired total width (dT) of said slidable shelving and support apparatus, wherein Cn is optional and n=0,1,2 and wherein a width (d) of each interlocking tray is a combined width comprising as dL a width of said left tray portion, dCn a width of said center tray portion and dR, a width of said right tray portion respectively, where a total width (dT) of all three tray portions within a fully assembled shelving and support apparatus is determined using Equation (1);
d T =d L +d Cn +d R (1) 16. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein each tray includes a predetermined drop along a bottom back panel of said interlocking trays that lock said trays onto said rear beam and a corresponding predetermined drop along said bottom front panel that locks said tray onto said sloped gutter and wherein said gutter locks onto and/or is part of, said front beam. 17. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein a front portion of each tray is built without a lip portion so that water is allowed to run into said sloped gutter and may also include an optional angled left side tab on a front left portion of said left tray and an angled right side tab on a front right portion of said right tray that directs a flow of water inward that thereby assures water falls into said sloped gutter and prevents said tray inserts from sliding out of place. 18. The interlocking trays of claim 11, wherein said trays include two or more hanging orifices in a rear wall of said interlocking trays that provide an ability for hanging said interlocking trays in a position that allows for time savings in cleaning/pressure washing said interlocking trays. 19. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 11,wherein said slidable shelving is a two-tiered customizable slidable shelving and support system connected in series to another bay by sharing a single support upright consisting of a base channel support panel connected to an extension upright via a securing sleeve with driveshafts that connect each driven wheel axle along an entire length of said connected slidable shelving and support apparatus and is protected from accidental bending by drive shaft covers secured by bolts to both a front face and a top face of one or more wheel channels. 20. The portable slidable shelving and support apparatus of claim 19, wherein said drive shaft is connected to a drive axle of a drive wheel that is supported by two flange bearings bolted to a base wheel channel that allows for a portion of a base channel support panel using a securing sleeve for an upright. | 2,800 |
341,704 | 16,802,044 | 2,859 | A method of energy management includes steps of: deciding system parameters; determining an object function; obtaining characteristics information and predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; calculating function values of the object function for various parameter value combinations of the system parameters within the predetermined ranges based on the characteristics information so as to establish a database; determining a smallest function value among those of the function values in the database that satisfy certain conditions; and determining an optimum power split ratio based on the parameter value combination corresponding to the smallest function value for energy management of the vehicle. | 1. A method of energy management to be utilized on a vehicle with multiple energy sources, the vehicle including a powering unit, and an energy unit which supplies energy to the powering unit, the method to be implemented by a computer system and comprising:
A) based on a configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, deciding a plurality of system parameters that are related to the powering unit and the energy unit; B) based on the system parameters thus decided and the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, determining an object function J that represents a total equivalent energy consumption of the vehicle and that is associated with the system parameters; C) based on the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, obtaining characteristics information that is related to the powering unit and the energy unit, and obtaining a plurality of predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; D) calculating, by way of an algorithm of nested-loops and based on the characteristics information and the predetermined ranges of the system parameters, a plurality of function values of the object function J each corresponding to a respective one of multiple parameter value sets each containing corresponding parameter values, where for each of the parameter value sets, each of the parameter values contained therein is a value of a respective one of the system parameters, so as to establish a database that records the function values thus calculated and the respective parameter value sets, the parameter values contained in the parameter value sets being obtained by performing discretization on the predetermined ranges of the system parameters; and E) determining a smallest function value among the function values in the database that correspond to those of the parameter value sets that contain the parameter values which meet current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit and which correspond to a value of demanded power Pd of the vehicle, and determining an optimum power split ratio based on one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, wherein the optimum power split ratio is to be used for energy management of the vehicle. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, the powering unit including an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor, the energy unit including a fuel source, and a battery source that is one of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC), wherein:
in step A), the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, engine speed ωe of the ICE, motor speed ωm of the electric motor, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor; in step B), the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,ωe,ωm,α)={dot over (m)}e+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b+γp, where {dot over (m)}e represents actual fuel consumption of the ICE, {dot over (m)}b represents equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output torque of the ICE and a threshold value for output torque of the electric motor; and step E) includes making the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step B), the object function J is 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step C), the characteristics information contains the LHV of the fuel used by the ICE, data of the BSFC of the ICE that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the engine efficiency ηe that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the motor efficiency ηm that is related to the output torque of the electric motor and the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the threshold value for the output torque of the ICE, the threshold value for the output torque of the electric motor, a function that maps the SOC of the battery source to the weight factor f(SOC), and data of the discharge efficiency ηb of the battery source that is related to the SOC. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step E):
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, a current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor and a current value of the SOC of the battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the parameter value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the parameter value of the SOC of the battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the current value of the SOC of the battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, the powering unit including an electric motor, the energy unit including a first battery source and a second battery source that are different ones selected from a group consisting of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC), wherein:
in step A), the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, a state of charge (SOC) of the second battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power contribution between the first battery source and the second battery source; in step B), the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,α)={dot over (m)}b1+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b2+γp, where {dot over (m)}b1 represents actual energy consumption of the first battery source, {dot over (m)}b2 represents equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output power of the first battery source and a threshold value for output power of the second battery source; and step E) includes making the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the first battery source and the second battery source. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step B), the object function J is 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step C), the characteristics information contains the threshold value for the output power of the first battery source, the threshold value for the output power of the second battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b1 of the first battery source that is related to the output power of the first battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b2 of the second battery source that is related to the output power of the second battery source, data of the discharge efficiency ηb2 of the second battery source that is related to the SOC of the second battery source, and a function that maps the SOC of the second battery source to the weight factor f(SOC). 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step E):
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the SOC of the second battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the SOC of the second battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the SOC of the second battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step E), the smallest function value and said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds thereto in the database are determined by one of a direct search algorithm and an interpolation search algorithm. 11. A computer system for energy management to be utilized on a vehicle with multiple energy sources, the vehicle including a powering unit, and an energy unit which supplies energy to the powering unit, said computer system comprising:
a parameter determination module configured to decide, based on a configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, a plurality of system parameters that are related to the powering unit and the energy unit; an object function determination module communicable with said parameter determination module, and configured to determine, based on the system parameters and the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, an object function J that represents a total equivalent energy consumption of the vehicle and that is associated with the system parameters; a storage configured to store characteristics information that is related to the powering unit and the energy unit, and a plurality of predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; a processing module communicable with said object function determination module and said storage, and configured to calculate, by way of an algorithm of nested-loops and based on the characteristics information and the predetermined ranges of the system parameters, a plurality of function values of the object function J each corresponding to a respective one of multiple parameter value sets each containing corresponding parameter values, where for each of the parameter value sets, each of the parameter values contained therein is a value of a respective one of the system parameters, so as to establish a database that records the function values thus calculated and the respective parameter value sets e, the parameter values contained in the parameter value sets being obtained by performing discretization on the predetermined ranges of the system parameters; and a search module communicable with said database, and configured to determine a smallest function value among the function values in said database that correspond to those of the parameter value sets that contain the parameter values which meet current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit and which correspond to a value of demanded power Pd of the vehicle, and to determine an optimum power split ratio based on one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, wherein the optimum power split ratio is to be used for energy management of the vehicle. 12. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
the powering unit includes an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor; the energy unit includes a fuel source, and a battery source that is one of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC); the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, engine speed ωe of the ICE, motor speed ωm of the electric motor, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor; the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,ωe,ωm,α)={dot over (m)}e+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b+γp, where {dot over (m)}e represents actual fuel consumption of the ICE, {dot over (m)}b represents equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output torque of the ICE and a threshold value for output torque of said electric motor; and said search module is further configured to make the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor. 13. The computer system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the object function J is 14. The computer system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the characteristics information contains the LHV of the fuel used by the ICE, data of the BSFC of the ICE that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the engine efficiency ηe that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the motor efficiency ηm that is related to the output torque of the electric motor and the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the threshold value for the output torque of the ICE, the threshold value for the output torque of the electric motor, a function that maps the SOC of the battery source to the weight factor f(SOC), and data of the discharge efficiency ηb of the battery source that is related to the SOC. 15. The computer system as claimed in claim 14, wherein:
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, a current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor and a current value of the SOC of the battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the parameter value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the parameter value of the SOC of the battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the current value of the SOC of the battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 16. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
the powering unit includes an electric motor; the energy unit includes a first battery source and a second battery source that are different ones selected from a group consisting of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC); the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, a state of charge (SOC) of the second battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power contribution between the first battery source and the second battery source; the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,α)={dot over (m)}b1+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b2+γp, where {dot over (m)}b1 represents actual energy consumption of the first battery source, {dot over (m)}b2 represents equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output power of the first battery source and a threshold value for output power of the second battery source; and said search module is further configured to make the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the first battery source and the second battery source. 17. The computer system as claimed in claim 16, wherein the object function J is 18. The computer system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the characteristics information contains the threshold value for the output power of the first battery source, the threshold value for the output power of the second battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b1 of the first battery source that is related to the output power of the first battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b2 of the second battery source that is related to the output power of the second battery source, data of the discharge efficiency ηb2 of the second battery source that is related to the SOC of the second battery source, and a function that maps the SOC of the second battery source to the weight factor f(SOC). 19. The computer system as claimed in claim 18, wherein:
the current conditions of said powering unit and said energy unit include a current value of the SOC of the second battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the SOC of the second battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the SOC of the second battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 20. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the smallest function value and said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds thereto in the database are determined by one of a direct search algorithm and an interpolation search algorithm. | A method of energy management includes steps of: deciding system parameters; determining an object function; obtaining characteristics information and predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; calculating function values of the object function for various parameter value combinations of the system parameters within the predetermined ranges based on the characteristics information so as to establish a database; determining a smallest function value among those of the function values in the database that satisfy certain conditions; and determining an optimum power split ratio based on the parameter value combination corresponding to the smallest function value for energy management of the vehicle.1. A method of energy management to be utilized on a vehicle with multiple energy sources, the vehicle including a powering unit, and an energy unit which supplies energy to the powering unit, the method to be implemented by a computer system and comprising:
A) based on a configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, deciding a plurality of system parameters that are related to the powering unit and the energy unit; B) based on the system parameters thus decided and the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, determining an object function J that represents a total equivalent energy consumption of the vehicle and that is associated with the system parameters; C) based on the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, obtaining characteristics information that is related to the powering unit and the energy unit, and obtaining a plurality of predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; D) calculating, by way of an algorithm of nested-loops and based on the characteristics information and the predetermined ranges of the system parameters, a plurality of function values of the object function J each corresponding to a respective one of multiple parameter value sets each containing corresponding parameter values, where for each of the parameter value sets, each of the parameter values contained therein is a value of a respective one of the system parameters, so as to establish a database that records the function values thus calculated and the respective parameter value sets, the parameter values contained in the parameter value sets being obtained by performing discretization on the predetermined ranges of the system parameters; and E) determining a smallest function value among the function values in the database that correspond to those of the parameter value sets that contain the parameter values which meet current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit and which correspond to a value of demanded power Pd of the vehicle, and determining an optimum power split ratio based on one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, wherein the optimum power split ratio is to be used for energy management of the vehicle. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, the powering unit including an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor, the energy unit including a fuel source, and a battery source that is one of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC), wherein:
in step A), the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, engine speed ωe of the ICE, motor speed ωm of the electric motor, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor; in step B), the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,ωe,ωm,α)={dot over (m)}e+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b+γp, where {dot over (m)}e represents actual fuel consumption of the ICE, {dot over (m)}b represents equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output torque of the ICE and a threshold value for output torque of the electric motor; and step E) includes making the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step B), the object function J is 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step C), the characteristics information contains the LHV of the fuel used by the ICE, data of the BSFC of the ICE that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the engine efficiency ηe that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the motor efficiency ηm that is related to the output torque of the electric motor and the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the threshold value for the output torque of the ICE, the threshold value for the output torque of the electric motor, a function that maps the SOC of the battery source to the weight factor f(SOC), and data of the discharge efficiency ηb of the battery source that is related to the SOC. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step E):
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, a current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor and a current value of the SOC of the battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the parameter value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the parameter value of the SOC of the battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the current value of the SOC of the battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, the powering unit including an electric motor, the energy unit including a first battery source and a second battery source that are different ones selected from a group consisting of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC), wherein:
in step A), the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, a state of charge (SOC) of the second battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power contribution between the first battery source and the second battery source; in step B), the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,α)={dot over (m)}b1+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b2+γp, where {dot over (m)}b1 represents actual energy consumption of the first battery source, {dot over (m)}b2 represents equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output power of the first battery source and a threshold value for output power of the second battery source; and step E) includes making the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the first battery source and the second battery source. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step B), the object function J is 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step C), the characteristics information contains the threshold value for the output power of the first battery source, the threshold value for the output power of the second battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b1 of the first battery source that is related to the output power of the first battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b2 of the second battery source that is related to the output power of the second battery source, data of the discharge efficiency ηb2 of the second battery source that is related to the SOC of the second battery source, and a function that maps the SOC of the second battery source to the weight factor f(SOC). 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step E):
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the SOC of the second battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the SOC of the second battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the SOC of the second battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step E), the smallest function value and said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds thereto in the database are determined by one of a direct search algorithm and an interpolation search algorithm. 11. A computer system for energy management to be utilized on a vehicle with multiple energy sources, the vehicle including a powering unit, and an energy unit which supplies energy to the powering unit, said computer system comprising:
a parameter determination module configured to decide, based on a configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, a plurality of system parameters that are related to the powering unit and the energy unit; an object function determination module communicable with said parameter determination module, and configured to determine, based on the system parameters and the configuration of the powering unit and the energy unit, an object function J that represents a total equivalent energy consumption of the vehicle and that is associated with the system parameters; a storage configured to store characteristics information that is related to the powering unit and the energy unit, and a plurality of predetermined ranges respectively of the system parameters; a processing module communicable with said object function determination module and said storage, and configured to calculate, by way of an algorithm of nested-loops and based on the characteristics information and the predetermined ranges of the system parameters, a plurality of function values of the object function J each corresponding to a respective one of multiple parameter value sets each containing corresponding parameter values, where for each of the parameter value sets, each of the parameter values contained therein is a value of a respective one of the system parameters, so as to establish a database that records the function values thus calculated and the respective parameter value sets e, the parameter values contained in the parameter value sets being obtained by performing discretization on the predetermined ranges of the system parameters; and a search module communicable with said database, and configured to determine a smallest function value among the function values in said database that correspond to those of the parameter value sets that contain the parameter values which meet current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit and which correspond to a value of demanded power Pd of the vehicle, and to determine an optimum power split ratio based on one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, wherein the optimum power split ratio is to be used for energy management of the vehicle. 12. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
the powering unit includes an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor; the energy unit includes a fuel source, and a battery source that is one of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC); the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, engine speed ωe of the ICE, motor speed ωm of the electric motor, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor; the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,ωe,ωm,α)={dot over (m)}e+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b+γp, where {dot over (m)}e represents actual fuel consumption of the ICE, {dot over (m)}b represents equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent fuel consumption of the battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output torque of the ICE and a threshold value for output torque of said electric motor; and said search module is further configured to make the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the ICE and the electric motor. 13. The computer system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the object function J is 14. The computer system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the characteristics information contains the LHV of the fuel used by the ICE, data of the BSFC of the ICE that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the engine efficiency ηe that is related to the output torque of the ICE and the engine speed ωe of the ICE, data of the motor efficiency ηm that is related to the output torque of the electric motor and the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the threshold value for the output torque of the ICE, the threshold value for the output torque of the electric motor, a function that maps the SOC of the battery source to the weight factor f(SOC), and data of the discharge efficiency ηb of the battery source that is related to the SOC. 15. The computer system as claimed in claim 14, wherein:
the current conditions of the powering unit and the energy unit include a current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, a current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor and a current value of the SOC of the battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the parameter value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the parameter value of the SOC of the battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the engine speed ωe of the ICE, the current value of the motor speed ωm of the electric motor, the current value of the SOC of the battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 16. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
the powering unit includes an electric motor; the energy unit includes a first battery source and a second battery source that are different ones selected from a group consisting of a lithium battery, a fuel cell and a supercapacitor (SC); the system parameters include the demanded power Pd, a state of charge (SOC) of the second battery source, and a power split ratio α that relates to power contribution between the first battery source and the second battery source; the object function J is J(Pd,SOC,α)={dot over (m)}b1+f(SOC)×{dot over (m)}b2+γp, where {dot over (m)}b1 represents actual energy consumption of the first battery source, {dot over (m)}b2 represents equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source, f(SOC) represents a weight factor of the equivalent energy consumption of the second battery source and is a function of the SOC, and γp represents a penalty value that is related to a threshold value for output power of the first battery source and a threshold value for output power of the second battery source; and said search module is further configured to make the parameter value of the power split ratio α that is contained in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value serve as the optimum power split ratio for management of power distribution between the first battery source and the second battery source. 17. The computer system as claimed in claim 16, wherein the object function J is 18. The computer system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the characteristics information contains the threshold value for the output power of the first battery source, the threshold value for the output power of the second battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b1 of the first battery source that is related to the output power of the first battery source, data of the DC/DC conversion efficiency ηDC,b2 of the second battery source that is related to the output power of the second battery source, data of the discharge efficiency ηb2 of the second battery source that is related to the SOC of the second battery source, and a function that maps the SOC of the second battery source to the weight factor f(SOC). 19. The computer system as claimed in claim 18, wherein:
the current conditions of said powering unit and said energy unit include a current value of the SOC of the second battery source; and in said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds to the smallest function value, the parameter value of the SOC of the second battery source and the parameter value of the demanded power Pd respectively match the current value of the SOC of the second battery source and the value of the demanded power Pd of the vehicle. 20. The computer system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the smallest function value and said one of the parameter value sets that corresponds thereto in the database are determined by one of a direct search algorithm and an interpolation search algorithm. | 2,800 |
341,705 | 16,802,065 | 2,859 | Electromagnetic bandgap isolation systems and methods are provided. In one example, an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device includes a base support having a curved surface. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device further includes a metamaterial. The metamaterial includes a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support. The metamaterial is configured to absorb energy associated with a frequency range. Related systems and methods are also provided. | 1. An electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, comprising:
a base support having a curved surface; and a metamaterial comprising a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support, wherein the metamaterial is configured to absorb energy associated with a frequency range. 2. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, wherein the metamaterial comprises a plurality of grooves defined therein. 3. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 2, wherein the metamaterial comprises a plurality of metamaterial panels coupled to the continuous curved layer, wherein adjacent panels of the plurality of metamaterial panels are at least partially separated by one of the plurality of grooves. 4. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of metamaterial panels comprises:
a plurality of conductive patches arranged in a two-dimensional array; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved layer. 5. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, wherein the continuous curved layer comprises a continuous curved conductive layer, wherein the metamaterial further comprises:
a plurality of conductive patches; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved conductive layer; wherein the frequency range is based on a dimension of the plurality of conductive patches, a distance between adjacent conductive patches of the plurality of conductive patches, and a dimension of the plurality of vias. 6. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, further comprising at least one end support attached to the base support, wherein the at least one end support comprises a lip configured to hold the metamaterial in a fixed position, and wherein the energy is an undesired energy. 7. A method of manufacturing the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the method comprising:
providing the metamaterial; and coupling the metamaterial to the curved surface of the base support such that the metamaterial conforms to the curved surface of the base support. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising grooving a layer of material having structures thereon to obtain the metamaterial. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the structures comprises:
a conductive patch; and a via that couples the conductive patch to the continuous curved layer. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising coupling at least one end support to the base support to hold the metamaterial in a fixed position. 11. A radar system comprising the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the radar system further comprising:
a transmitter configured to emit a signal, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; and a receiver, wherein:
the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, and
the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is configured to absorb the second portion of the signal. 12. A method of manufacturing the radar system of claim 11, the method comprising:
providing the transmitter and the receiver; and disposing the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device between the transmitter and the receiver. 13. A method of using the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the method comprising:
emitting a signal using a transmitter antenna, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; and absorbing, using the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, the second portion of the transmitter antenna to prevent coupling of the second portion into a receiver antenna. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe and one or more side lobes of the transmitter antenna and the second portion is associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter antenna. 15. A radar system comprising:
a transmitter configured to emit a signal, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; a receiver; and an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is configured to absorb the second portion of the signal to prevent coupling of the second portion into the receiver. 16. The radar system of claim 15, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe and one or more side lobes of the transmitter and the second portion is associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter. 17. The radar system of claim 15, wherein the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device comprises:
a base support having a curved surface; and a metamaterial comprising a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support, wherein the second portion of the signal has a frequency within a stop band of the metamaterial, the metamaterial comprises a plurality of grooves defined therein, and the continuous curved layer comprises a continuous curved conductive layer, and wherein the metamaterial further comprises: a plurality of conductive patches; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved conductive layer. 18. A method comprising:
emitting, by a transmitter, a first signal comprising a first portion and a second portion; receiving, by a receiver, a second signal, wherein the second signal is based on a reflection of the first portion by an object; and absorbing, by an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, the second portion of the first signal to prevent coupling of the second portion into the receiver. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe of the transmitter and the second portion is associated with one or more side lobes of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first portion is further associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter. | Electromagnetic bandgap isolation systems and methods are provided. In one example, an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device includes a base support having a curved surface. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device further includes a metamaterial. The metamaterial includes a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support. The metamaterial is configured to absorb energy associated with a frequency range. Related systems and methods are also provided.1. An electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, comprising:
a base support having a curved surface; and a metamaterial comprising a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support, wherein the metamaterial is configured to absorb energy associated with a frequency range. 2. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, wherein the metamaterial comprises a plurality of grooves defined therein. 3. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 2, wherein the metamaterial comprises a plurality of metamaterial panels coupled to the continuous curved layer, wherein adjacent panels of the plurality of metamaterial panels are at least partially separated by one of the plurality of grooves. 4. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of metamaterial panels comprises:
a plurality of conductive patches arranged in a two-dimensional array; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved layer. 5. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, wherein the continuous curved layer comprises a continuous curved conductive layer, wherein the metamaterial further comprises:
a plurality of conductive patches; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved conductive layer; wherein the frequency range is based on a dimension of the plurality of conductive patches, a distance between adjacent conductive patches of the plurality of conductive patches, and a dimension of the plurality of vias. 6. The electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, further comprising at least one end support attached to the base support, wherein the at least one end support comprises a lip configured to hold the metamaterial in a fixed position, and wherein the energy is an undesired energy. 7. A method of manufacturing the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the method comprising:
providing the metamaterial; and coupling the metamaterial to the curved surface of the base support such that the metamaterial conforms to the curved surface of the base support. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising grooving a layer of material having structures thereon to obtain the metamaterial. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the structures comprises:
a conductive patch; and a via that couples the conductive patch to the continuous curved layer. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising coupling at least one end support to the base support to hold the metamaterial in a fixed position. 11. A radar system comprising the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the radar system further comprising:
a transmitter configured to emit a signal, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; and a receiver, wherein:
the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, and
the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is configured to absorb the second portion of the signal. 12. A method of manufacturing the radar system of claim 11, the method comprising:
providing the transmitter and the receiver; and disposing the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device between the transmitter and the receiver. 13. A method of using the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device of claim 1, the method comprising:
emitting a signal using a transmitter antenna, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; and absorbing, using the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, the second portion of the transmitter antenna to prevent coupling of the second portion into a receiver antenna. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe and one or more side lobes of the transmitter antenna and the second portion is associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter antenna. 15. A radar system comprising:
a transmitter configured to emit a signal, wherein the signal comprises a first portion and a second portion; a receiver; and an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device disposed between the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device is configured to absorb the second portion of the signal to prevent coupling of the second portion into the receiver. 16. The radar system of claim 15, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe and one or more side lobes of the transmitter and the second portion is associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter. 17. The radar system of claim 15, wherein the electromagnetic bandgap isolator device comprises:
a base support having a curved surface; and a metamaterial comprising a continuous curved layer in contact with the base support, wherein the second portion of the signal has a frequency within a stop band of the metamaterial, the metamaterial comprises a plurality of grooves defined therein, and the continuous curved layer comprises a continuous curved conductive layer, and wherein the metamaterial further comprises: a plurality of conductive patches; and a plurality of vias, wherein each via couples a corresponding one of the plurality of conductive patches to the continuous curved conductive layer. 18. A method comprising:
emitting, by a transmitter, a first signal comprising a first portion and a second portion; receiving, by a receiver, a second signal, wherein the second signal is based on a reflection of the first portion by an object; and absorbing, by an electromagnetic bandgap isolator device, the second portion of the first signal to prevent coupling of the second portion into the receiver. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first portion is associated with a main lobe of the transmitter and the second portion is associated with one or more side lobes of the transmitter. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first portion is further associated with one or more additional side lobes of the transmitter. | 2,800 |
341,706 | 16,802,074 | 3,671 | A tool is provided for assisting in the removal and installation of blades on a rotary mower. The tool is configured to limit rotation of a blade during blade fastener tightening and loosening. Blade rotation is limited even after a fastener is loosened, allowing loosening or tightening of a second fastener. | 1. A tool for facilitating removal and installation of lawnmower blades, the tool compromising:
a beam; and a plurality of couplers mounted on the beam, each said coupler having a lawnmower blade receiving channel sized and shaped to receive a lawnmower blade therein, said channels each having a pair of spaced apart stop members connected by a cross member, each said stop member of a coupler being positioned for engagement with a respective edge of a lawnmower blade when positioned in a said coupler. 2. The tool as set forth in claim 1 wherein said couplers each define a through passage. 3. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein said through passages are substantially in alignment. 4. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein at least one said coupler is movably mounted on said beam and is selectively movable relative to another said coupler. 5. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein at least one said coupler having a pair of spaced apart legs projecting from a cross member mounted to said beam, said legs forming at least a portion of a respective said stop member and partially defining a respective said passage. 6. The tool as set forth in claim 5 wherein at least a pair of said couplers each having a pair of spaced apart legs projecting from a respective said cross member mounted to said beam, said legs of each said coupler forming at least a portion of respective said stop members and partially defining a respective said passage. 7. The tool as set forth in claim 6 including a retainer associated with said legs of a respective said coupler and operable to retain a lawnmower blade in said passages during use of the tool. 8. The tool as set forth in claim 7 wherein the retainer including a bight extending between and connected to at least one said leg of a respective pair of said legs of a said coupler. 9. The tool as set forth in claim 8 wherein said bight being generally U-shaped and connected to both said legs of a respective pair of said legs, said bight having an apex of the U-shape extending toward a respective said cross member. 10. The tool as set forth in claim 9 wherein said legs on at least one said coupler converge toward one another from its respective cross member toward said bight. 11. The tool as set forth in claim 7 wherein there being a pair of said couplers with one being fixed to said beam and the other being selectively movable on said beam and including a stop member secured to said beam operable to limit movement of said movable coupler along said beam. | A tool is provided for assisting in the removal and installation of blades on a rotary mower. The tool is configured to limit rotation of a blade during blade fastener tightening and loosening. Blade rotation is limited even after a fastener is loosened, allowing loosening or tightening of a second fastener.1. A tool for facilitating removal and installation of lawnmower blades, the tool compromising:
a beam; and a plurality of couplers mounted on the beam, each said coupler having a lawnmower blade receiving channel sized and shaped to receive a lawnmower blade therein, said channels each having a pair of spaced apart stop members connected by a cross member, each said stop member of a coupler being positioned for engagement with a respective edge of a lawnmower blade when positioned in a said coupler. 2. The tool as set forth in claim 1 wherein said couplers each define a through passage. 3. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein said through passages are substantially in alignment. 4. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein at least one said coupler is movably mounted on said beam and is selectively movable relative to another said coupler. 5. The tool as set forth in claim 2 wherein at least one said coupler having a pair of spaced apart legs projecting from a cross member mounted to said beam, said legs forming at least a portion of a respective said stop member and partially defining a respective said passage. 6. The tool as set forth in claim 5 wherein at least a pair of said couplers each having a pair of spaced apart legs projecting from a respective said cross member mounted to said beam, said legs of each said coupler forming at least a portion of respective said stop members and partially defining a respective said passage. 7. The tool as set forth in claim 6 including a retainer associated with said legs of a respective said coupler and operable to retain a lawnmower blade in said passages during use of the tool. 8. The tool as set forth in claim 7 wherein the retainer including a bight extending between and connected to at least one said leg of a respective pair of said legs of a said coupler. 9. The tool as set forth in claim 8 wherein said bight being generally U-shaped and connected to both said legs of a respective pair of said legs, said bight having an apex of the U-shape extending toward a respective said cross member. 10. The tool as set forth in claim 9 wherein said legs on at least one said coupler converge toward one another from its respective cross member toward said bight. 11. The tool as set forth in claim 7 wherein there being a pair of said couplers with one being fixed to said beam and the other being selectively movable on said beam and including a stop member secured to said beam operable to limit movement of said movable coupler along said beam. | 3,600 |
341,707 | 16,802,010 | 3,671 | A system for analyzing user consumption of content on web pages or determining user engagement with content comprising a data collection script and an content-engagement-inference engine. The data collection script determines one or more content elements to be measured from a web page and collects description data associated with the one or more content elements. The description data describes information about the one or more content elements. The content-engagement-inference engine creates an inference or analytics result based on the description data. The inference or analytics result describes how the one or more content elements have been consumed by users and then provides the inference or analytics result for users to designated entities. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered; retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page; detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules; collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 8. A system comprising:
one or more data processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing instructions which, when executed on the one or more data processors, cause the one or more data processors to perform actions including:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered;
retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page;
detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules;
collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 15. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured to cause one or more data processors to perform actions including:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered; retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page; detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules; collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 16. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data, and the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 17. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 18. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 19. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 20. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. | A system for analyzing user consumption of content on web pages or determining user engagement with content comprising a data collection script and an content-engagement-inference engine. The data collection script determines one or more content elements to be measured from a web page and collects description data associated with the one or more content elements. The description data describes information about the one or more content elements. The content-engagement-inference engine creates an inference or analytics result based on the description data. The inference or analytics result describes how the one or more content elements have been consumed by users and then provides the inference or analytics result for users to designated entities.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered; retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page; detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules; collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 8. A system comprising:
one or more data processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing instructions which, when executed on the one or more data processors, cause the one or more data processors to perform actions including:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered;
retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page;
detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules;
collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 15. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured to cause one or more data processors to perform actions including:
receiving, by a data collection script, a signal indicating that a web page is rendered; retrieving, by the data collection script, a set of rules specific to a publisher of the web page, wherein the set of rules describe one or more content elements of the web page; detecting, by the data collection script, the one or more content elements of the web page based on the set of rules; collecting, by the data collection script, description data associated with the detected one or more content elements, wherein the description data includes a subset of interaction data that describes interactions of a user with the one or more content elements, wherein the description data further includes metadata that provides information associated with the web page and the one or more content elements, and wherein the collecting comprises:
obtaining the interaction data that describes interactions of the user with the web page;
determining one or more attributes associated with the one or more content elements;
retrieving the subset of the interaction data from the obtained interaction data that is specific to interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements; and
retrieving the metadata associated with the web page and the one or more content elements; and
transmitting the description data to an analytics engine configured to generate indications of a level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data. 16. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the set of rules determines the level of engagement of the user with the one or more content elements based on the description data, and the set of rules comprises at least a div tag, a content type, a content boundary, a frame definition, or a headline identifier for the one or more content elements. 17. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the interactions of the user with the one or more attributes of the one or more content elements comprises cursor movement that includes scrolling behavior, scrolling velocity, scrolling direction, clicking on a comment link, clicking on a sharing link, or clicking on a navigational link. 18. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the metadata comprises article titles, a page name, video titles, or content thumbnails. 19. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the interactions of the user with the web page comprises an operation for content sharing. 20. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the data collection script is created based on the set of rules and the data collection script is configured to collect the description data relative to the one or more content elements while the web page is rendered by a web browser on a client device of the user. | 3,600 |
341,708 | 16,802,057 | 3,671 | The invention is directed to a method for recovering at least one product from a fermentation broth. The invention relates to the use of a vacuum distillation vessel to recover products, such as ethanol, from a fermentation broth, where the fermentation broth comprises viable microbial biomass, and where the recovery of the product is completed in such a manner to ensure the viability of the microbial biomass. The invention provides for product recovery at an effective rate so as to prevent the accumulation of product in the fermentation broth. To ensure the viability of the microbial biomass, the invention is designed to reduce the amount of stress on the microbial biomass. By ensuring the viability of the microbial biomass, the microbial biomass may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in an increased efficiency of the fermentation process. | 1. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate and producing at least one product and at least one by-product; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one product, and the at least one by-product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a product enriched stream and a product depleted stream, the product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass and the at least one by-product; and e. passing the product depleted stream to a secondary separation unit to remove the at least one by-product before passing the product depleted stream back to the bioreactor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising passing the passing the product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the product into a secondary product. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the source is carbohydrate fermentation, gas fermentation, cement making, pulp and paper making, steel making, oil refining, petrochemical production, coke production, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, synthesis gas, natural gas extraction, oil extraction, metallurgical processes, geological reservoirs and catalytic processes. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the synthesis gas is derived from biomass, liquid waste streams, solid waste streams, municipal streams, fossil resources, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the fossil resources are natural gas, coal oil, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the metallurgical process is the production and/or refinement of aluminium, production and/or refinement of copper, production and/or refinement of ferroalloys and combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein the catalytic process is selected from steam methane reforming, steam naphtha reforming, petroleum coke gasification, catalyst regeneration in fluid catalyst cracking, catalyst regeneration in naphtha reforming, dry methane reforming, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the by-product is a carbocyclic acid and or 2,3-butanediol. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream, prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 13. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one fermentation product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a fermentation product enriched stream and a fermentation product depleted stream, the fermentation product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass; e. passing the fermentation product depleted stream back to the bioreactor; and f introducing the fermentation product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the fermentation product into a secondary product. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the evolved gas stream is water scrubbed to recover at least one product. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the vacuum distillation vessel comprises a separation section located within a casing, the separation section being bound above by an upper tray and below by a lower tray, the separation section defining separation medium for providing a plurality of theoretical distillation stages 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the bioreactor is operated under conditions for fermentation of a C1-containing gas from an industrial process. | The invention is directed to a method for recovering at least one product from a fermentation broth. The invention relates to the use of a vacuum distillation vessel to recover products, such as ethanol, from a fermentation broth, where the fermentation broth comprises viable microbial biomass, and where the recovery of the product is completed in such a manner to ensure the viability of the microbial biomass. The invention provides for product recovery at an effective rate so as to prevent the accumulation of product in the fermentation broth. To ensure the viability of the microbial biomass, the invention is designed to reduce the amount of stress on the microbial biomass. By ensuring the viability of the microbial biomass, the microbial biomass may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in an increased efficiency of the fermentation process.1. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate and producing at least one product and at least one by-product; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one product, and the at least one by-product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a product enriched stream and a product depleted stream, the product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass and the at least one by-product; and e. passing the product depleted stream to a secondary separation unit to remove the at least one by-product before passing the product depleted stream back to the bioreactor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising passing the passing the product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the product into a secondary product. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the source is carbohydrate fermentation, gas fermentation, cement making, pulp and paper making, steel making, oil refining, petrochemical production, coke production, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, synthesis gas, natural gas extraction, oil extraction, metallurgical processes, geological reservoirs and catalytic processes. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the synthesis gas is derived from biomass, liquid waste streams, solid waste streams, municipal streams, fossil resources, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the fossil resources are natural gas, coal oil, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the metallurgical process is the production and/or refinement of aluminium, production and/or refinement of copper, production and/or refinement of ferroalloys and combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein the catalytic process is selected from steam methane reforming, steam naphtha reforming, petroleum coke gasification, catalyst regeneration in fluid catalyst cracking, catalyst regeneration in naphtha reforming, dry methane reforming, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the by-product is a carbocyclic acid and or 2,3-butanediol. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream, prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 13. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one fermentation product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a fermentation product enriched stream and a fermentation product depleted stream, the fermentation product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass; e. passing the fermentation product depleted stream back to the bioreactor; and f introducing the fermentation product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the fermentation product into a secondary product. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the evolved gas stream is water scrubbed to recover at least one product. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the vacuum distillation vessel comprises a separation section located within a casing, the separation section being bound above by an upper tray and below by a lower tray, the separation section defining separation medium for providing a plurality of theoretical distillation stages 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the bioreactor is operated under conditions for fermentation of a C1-containing gas from an industrial process. | 3,600 |
341,709 | 16,802,060 | 3,671 | The invention is directed to a method for recovering at least one product from a fermentation broth. The invention relates to the use of a vacuum distillation vessel to recover products, such as ethanol, from a fermentation broth, where the fermentation broth comprises viable microbial biomass, and where the recovery of the product is completed in such a manner to ensure the viability of the microbial biomass. The invention provides for product recovery at an effective rate so as to prevent the accumulation of product in the fermentation broth. To ensure the viability of the microbial biomass, the invention is designed to reduce the amount of stress on the microbial biomass. By ensuring the viability of the microbial biomass, the microbial biomass may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in an increased efficiency of the fermentation process. | 1. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate and producing at least one product and at least one by-product; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one product, and the at least one by-product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a product enriched stream and a product depleted stream, the product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass and the at least one by-product; and e. passing the product depleted stream to a secondary separation unit to remove the at least one by-product before passing the product depleted stream back to the bioreactor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising passing the passing the product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the product into a secondary product. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the source is carbohydrate fermentation, gas fermentation, cement making, pulp and paper making, steel making, oil refining, petrochemical production, coke production, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, synthesis gas, natural gas extraction, oil extraction, metallurgical processes, geological reservoirs and catalytic processes. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the synthesis gas is derived from biomass, liquid waste streams, solid waste streams, municipal streams, fossil resources, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the fossil resources are natural gas, coal oil, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the metallurgical process is the production and/or refinement of aluminium, production and/or refinement of copper, production and/or refinement of ferroalloys and combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein the catalytic process is selected from steam methane reforming, steam naphtha reforming, petroleum coke gasification, catalyst regeneration in fluid catalyst cracking, catalyst regeneration in naphtha reforming, dry methane reforming, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the by-product is a carbocyclic acid and or 2,3-butanediol. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream, prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 13. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one fermentation product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a fermentation product enriched stream and a fermentation product depleted stream, the fermentation product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass; e. passing the fermentation product depleted stream back to the bioreactor; and f introducing the fermentation product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the fermentation product into a secondary product. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the evolved gas stream is water scrubbed to recover at least one product. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the vacuum distillation vessel comprises a separation section located within a casing, the separation section being bound above by an upper tray and below by a lower tray, the separation section defining separation medium for providing a plurality of theoretical distillation stages 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the bioreactor is operated under conditions for fermentation of a C1-containing gas from an industrial process. | The invention is directed to a method for recovering at least one product from a fermentation broth. The invention relates to the use of a vacuum distillation vessel to recover products, such as ethanol, from a fermentation broth, where the fermentation broth comprises viable microbial biomass, and where the recovery of the product is completed in such a manner to ensure the viability of the microbial biomass. The invention provides for product recovery at an effective rate so as to prevent the accumulation of product in the fermentation broth. To ensure the viability of the microbial biomass, the invention is designed to reduce the amount of stress on the microbial biomass. By ensuring the viability of the microbial biomass, the microbial biomass may be recycled and reused in the fermentation process, which may result in an increased efficiency of the fermentation process.1. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate and producing at least one product and at least one by-product; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one product, and the at least one by-product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a product enriched stream and a product depleted stream, the product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass and the at least one by-product; and e. passing the product depleted stream to a secondary separation unit to remove the at least one by-product before passing the product depleted stream back to the bioreactor. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising passing the passing the product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the product into a secondary product. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein the product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the source is carbohydrate fermentation, gas fermentation, cement making, pulp and paper making, steel making, oil refining, petrochemical production, coke production, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, synthesis gas, natural gas extraction, oil extraction, metallurgical processes, geological reservoirs and catalytic processes. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the synthesis gas is derived from biomass, liquid waste streams, solid waste streams, municipal streams, fossil resources, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the fossil resources are natural gas, coal oil, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 6 wherein the metallurgical process is the production and/or refinement of aluminium, production and/or refinement of copper, production and/or refinement of ferroalloys and combinations thereof. 10. The method of claim 6 wherein the catalytic process is selected from steam methane reforming, steam naphtha reforming, petroleum coke gasification, catalyst regeneration in fluid catalyst cracking, catalyst regeneration in naphtha reforming, dry methane reforming, and combinations thereof. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the by-product is a carbocyclic acid and or 2,3-butanediol. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream, prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 13. A method for producing and recovering at least one product from a fermentation process comprising:
a. introducing a C1-containing gas substrate from a source to a bioreactor containing at least one microorganism capable of fermenting the C1-containing gas substrate; b. generating a fermentation broth in the bioreactor comprising the at least one microorganism as viable microbial biomass, the at least one fermentation product; c. passing the fermentation broth from the bioreactor to a vacuum distillation vessel; d. partially vaporizing the fermentation broth to produce a fermentation product enriched stream and a fermentation product depleted stream, the fermentation product depleted stream comprising viable microbial biomass; e. passing the fermentation product depleted stream back to the bioreactor; and f introducing the fermentation product enriched stream to a conversion unit to convert the fermentation product into a secondary product. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the secondary product is at least one component of diesel fuel, jet fuel, and/or gasoline. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is acetone and the secondary product is methyl methacrylate. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the fermentation product is isopropanol and the secondary product is propylene. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising degassing the fermentation broth to produce a degassed fermentation broth and an evolved gas stream prior to passing the fermentation broth to the vacuum distillation vessel. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the evolved gas stream is water scrubbed to recover at least one product. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the vacuum distillation vessel comprises a separation section located within a casing, the separation section being bound above by an upper tray and below by a lower tray, the separation section defining separation medium for providing a plurality of theoretical distillation stages 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the bioreactor is operated under conditions for fermentation of a C1-containing gas from an industrial process. | 3,600 |
341,710 | 16,802,059 | 3,671 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a main portion and an alumite layer. The main portion includes aluminum. The alumite layer is provided at a front surface of the main portion. The particle-resistant layer is provided on the alumite layer and includes a polycrystalline ceramic. A Young's modulus of the alumite layer is greater than 90 GPa. | 1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a main portion which includes aluminum and an alumite layer provided at a front surface of the main portion; and a particle-resistant layer provided on the alumite layer and which includes a polycrystalline ceramic, wherein a Young's modulus of the alumite layer is greater than 90 GPa. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the alumite layer is at least 100 GPa. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the alumite layer is 150 GPa or less. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 4, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes an oxide of a rare-earth element and the rare-earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic is at least 3 nm and 50 nm or less. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 6, wherein the average crystallite size is at least 3 nm and 30 nm or less. 8. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer has an arithmetic average height Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test is performed in which the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member is exposed to a plasma. 9. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. 10. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a main portion and an alumite layer. The main portion includes aluminum. The alumite layer is provided at a front surface of the main portion. The particle-resistant layer is provided on the alumite layer and includes a polycrystalline ceramic. A Young's modulus of the alumite layer is greater than 90 GPa.1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a main portion which includes aluminum and an alumite layer provided at a front surface of the main portion; and a particle-resistant layer provided on the alumite layer and which includes a polycrystalline ceramic, wherein a Young's modulus of the alumite layer is greater than 90 GPa. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the alumite layer is at least 100 GPa. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the Young's modulus of the alumite layer is 150 GPa or less. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 4, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes an oxide of a rare-earth element and the rare-earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic is at least 3 nm and 50 nm or less. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 6, wherein the average crystallite size is at least 3 nm and 30 nm or less. 8. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer has an arithmetic average height Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test is performed in which the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member is exposed to a plasma. 9. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. 10. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
341,711 | 16,802,083 | 3,671 | A system includes an application trusted execution environment (“TEE”) instance and an escrow TEE instance. The escrow TEE instance is hosted along with the application TEE instance and is outside the control of a TEE instance owner. The system also includes a server, which is configured to receive a request to start the application TEE instance. The server is also configured to launch the escrow TEE instance. The escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner. Additionally, the escrow TEE instance is configured to obtain a key for the application TEE instance, validate the application TEE instance, and provide the key to the application TEE instance. | 1. A system comprising:
an application trusted execution environment (“TEE”) instance; an escrow TEE instance that is hosted alongside the application TEE instance and outside the control of a TEE instance owner; and a server configured to:
receive a request to start the application TEE instance, and
launch the escrow TEE instance, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner,
wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to:
obtain a key for the application TEE instance,
validate the application TEE instance, and
provide the key to the application TEE instance. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to retrieve the key from the TEE instance owner. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to receive the key from the TEE instance owner. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the key is provided on a disk image of the escrow TEE instance. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the disk image is encrypted with the key. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to take a measurement of the application TEE instance prior to validating the application TEE instance. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the measurement identifies characteristics of the application TEE instance including at least one of a type of the TEE instance, version of the TEE instance, and description of software components loaded into the TEE instance. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the measurement further includes an integrity code to validate the measurement. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of application TEE instance and the escrow TEE instance is an encrypted virtual machine. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the application TEE instance is a virtual machine and the escrow TEE instance is an enclave. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the application TEE instance is an enclave and the escrow TEE instance is a virtual machine. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, by a server, a request to start an application TEE instance; launching, by the server, an escrow TEE instance that is outside the control of a TEE instance owner, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner; obtaining, by the escrow TEE instance, a key for the application TEE instance; validating, by the escrow TEE instance, the application TEE instance; and providing, by the escrow TEE instance, the key to the application TEE instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the key for the application TEE instance includes retrieving the key from the TEE instance owner. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the key for the application TEE instance includes receiving the key from the TEE instance owner. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the key is provided on a disk image of the escrow TEE instance. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the disk image is encrypted with the key. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein validating the application TEE instance includes taking a measurement of the application TEE instance. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the measurement identifies characteristics of the application TEE instance including at least one of a type of the TEE, version of the TEE, and description of software components loaded into the TEE. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein at least one of the application TEE instance and the escrow TEE instance is one of an enclave and an encrypted virtual machine. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing code, which when executed by a processor is configured to:
receive a request to start an application TEE instance; launch an escrow TEE instance that is outside the control of a TEE instance owner, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner; obtain a key for the application TEE instance; validate the application TEE instance; and provide the key to the application TEE instance. | A system includes an application trusted execution environment (“TEE”) instance and an escrow TEE instance. The escrow TEE instance is hosted along with the application TEE instance and is outside the control of a TEE instance owner. The system also includes a server, which is configured to receive a request to start the application TEE instance. The server is also configured to launch the escrow TEE instance. The escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner. Additionally, the escrow TEE instance is configured to obtain a key for the application TEE instance, validate the application TEE instance, and provide the key to the application TEE instance.1. A system comprising:
an application trusted execution environment (“TEE”) instance; an escrow TEE instance that is hosted alongside the application TEE instance and outside the control of a TEE instance owner; and a server configured to:
receive a request to start the application TEE instance, and
launch the escrow TEE instance, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner,
wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to:
obtain a key for the application TEE instance,
validate the application TEE instance, and
provide the key to the application TEE instance. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to retrieve the key from the TEE instance owner. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to receive the key from the TEE instance owner. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the key is provided on a disk image of the escrow TEE instance. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the disk image is encrypted with the key. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the escrow TEE instance is configured to take a measurement of the application TEE instance prior to validating the application TEE instance. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the measurement identifies characteristics of the application TEE instance including at least one of a type of the TEE instance, version of the TEE instance, and description of software components loaded into the TEE instance. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the measurement further includes an integrity code to validate the measurement. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of application TEE instance and the escrow TEE instance is an encrypted virtual machine. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the application TEE instance is a virtual machine and the escrow TEE instance is an enclave. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the application TEE instance is an enclave and the escrow TEE instance is a virtual machine. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, by a server, a request to start an application TEE instance; launching, by the server, an escrow TEE instance that is outside the control of a TEE instance owner, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner; obtaining, by the escrow TEE instance, a key for the application TEE instance; validating, by the escrow TEE instance, the application TEE instance; and providing, by the escrow TEE instance, the key to the application TEE instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the key for the application TEE instance includes retrieving the key from the TEE instance owner. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein obtaining the key for the application TEE instance includes receiving the key from the TEE instance owner. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the key is provided on a disk image of the escrow TEE instance. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the disk image is encrypted with the key. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein validating the application TEE instance includes taking a measurement of the application TEE instance. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the measurement identifies characteristics of the application TEE instance including at least one of a type of the TEE, version of the TEE, and description of software components loaded into the TEE. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein at least one of the application TEE instance and the escrow TEE instance is one of an enclave and an encrypted virtual machine. 20. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing code, which when executed by a processor is configured to:
receive a request to start an application TEE instance; launch an escrow TEE instance that is outside the control of a TEE instance owner, wherein the escrow TEE instance is validated by the TEE instance owner; obtain a key for the application TEE instance; validate the application TEE instance; and provide the key to the application TEE instance. | 3,600 |
341,712 | 16,802,084 | 3,671 | A non-volatile memory device includes a serial pipeline structure connected to an output stage of a First In, First Out (FIFO) memory. The FIFO memory is configured to store data transmitted through a data path having a wave pipeline structure based on a plurality of FIFO input clock signals and output the stored data based on a plurality of FIFO output clock signals. A serializer is configured to output data to an input/output pad based on a select clock signal. The serial pipeline structure is connected between the FIFO memory and the serializer and configured to compensate for a phase difference between the data output from the FIFO memory and the select clock signal. | 1. A flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a first FIFO memory configured to receive first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit and to output the first data sequentially; a second FIFO memory configured to receive second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit and to output the second data sequentially; a first MUX configured to select one of the first data output from the first FIFO memory and the second data output from the second FIFO memory and to output the selected one as third data; a third FIFO memory configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX and output the third data sequentially; a serial pipeline structure connected to the third FIFO memory and configured to output the third data output from the first MUX; and a second MUX configured to output the third data output from the serial pipeline structure based on a select clock signal. 2. The flash memory device of claim 1, wherein the serial pipeline structure comprises a plurality of serial pipelines, and the flash memory device further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 3. The flash memory device of claim 2, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the second MUX to the third FIFO memory. 4. The flash memory device of claim 2, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 5. The flash memory device of claim 2, the serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 6. The flash memory device of claim 1, the third FIFO memory comprises a plurality of registers configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX based on a FIFO input clock signals generated by a FIFO input clock generator and to output the third data based on a FIFO output clock signals generated based on an internal clock signal and a propagation delay. 7. The flash memory device of claim 1, the first data is transmitted through a first data path having a wave pipeline structure from the first page buffer circuit to the first FIFO memory, and the second data is transmitted through a second data path having a wave pipeline structure from the second page buffer circuit to the second FIFO memory, and the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the third data output from the third FIFO memory and the select clock signal. 8. The flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a first wave pipeline output stage configured to receive first data transmitted through a first data path having a wave pipeline structure from the first page buffer circuit and output the first data; a second wave pipeline output stage configured to receive second data transmitted through a second data path having a wave pipeline structure from the second page buffer circuit and output the second data; a first MUX configured to select one of the first data output from the first wave pipeline output stage and the second data output from the second wave pipeline output stage and to output the selected one as third data; a hybrid pipeline output stage configured to receive third data output from the first MUX and output the third data; and a second MUX configured to output the third data output from the hybrid pipeline output stage based on a select clock signal, wherein the first wave pipeline output stage comprises: a first FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a first FIFO input clock signals; a first FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a first FIFO output clock signals; a first FIFO memory configured to receive the first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit based on the first FIFO input clock signals and to output the first data based on the first FIFO output clock signals, and wherein the second wave pipeline output stage comprises: a second FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a second FIFO input clock signals; a second FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a second FIFO output clock signals; a second FIFO memory configured to receive the second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit based on the second FIFO input clock signals and to output the second data based on the second FIFO output clock signals, and wherein the hybrid pipeline output stage comprises: a third FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a third FIFO input clock signals; a third FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a third FIFO output clock signals; a third FIFO memory configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX based on the third FIFO input clock signals and to output the third data based on the third FIFO output clock signals; and a serial pipeline structure configured to receive the third data output from the third FIFO memory and output the third data and comprised of a plurality of serial pipelines. 9. The flash memory device of claim 8, wherein the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the third data output from the third FIFO memory and the select clock signal, and the hybrid pipeline output stage further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 10. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the second MUX to the third FIFO memory. 11. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 12. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein the serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 13. The flash memory device of claim 8, wherein the flash memory device further comprises:
a clock signal MUX configured to select clock signals among the first FIFO output clock signals and the second FIFO output clock signals, and the third FIFO input clock signal generator is further configured to: generate the third FIFO input clock signals based on the selected clock signals. 14. The flash memory device of claim 8, further comprising a compare logic connected to the second FIFO memory and configured to compare expected data with the second data output from the second FIFO memory. 15. The flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a third memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a third page buffer circuit connected to the third memory cell array through a third plurality of bit lines; a fourth memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a fourth page buffer circuit connected to the fourth memory cell array through a fourth plurality of bit lines; a first pipeline output stage comprising a first pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit, a second pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit, a third pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output third data transmitted from the third page buffer circuit and a fourth pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output fourth data transmitted from the fourth page buffer circuit; a first MUX configured to output one of the first data output from the first pipeline output stage and the second data output from the second pipeline output stage as fifth data; a second MUX configured to output one of the third data output from the third pipeline output stage and the fourth data output from the fourth pipeline output stage as sixth data; a second pipeline output stage comprising a fifth wave pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output the fifth data output from the first MUX and a sixth wave pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output the sixth data output from the second MUX; a third MUX configured to output one of the fifth data output from the fifth wave pipeline output stage and the sixth data output from the sixth wave pipeline output stage as seventh data; a hybrid pipeline output stage configured to receive seventh data output from the third MUX and output the seventh data; and a fourth MUX configured to output the seventh data output from the hybrid pipeline output stage based on a select clock signal, wherein the hybrid pipeline output stage comprises: a FIFO memory configured to receive the seventh data output from the third MUX based on FIFO input clock signals and to output the seventh data based on FIFO output clock signals; and a serial pipeline structure configured to receive the third data output from the third FIFO memory and output the third data and comprised of a plurality of serial pipelines. 16. The flash memory device of claim 15, wherein the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the seventh data output from the FIFO memory and the select clock signal, and the flash memory device further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 17. The flash memory device of claim 16, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the fourth MUX to the FIFO memory. 18. The flash memory device of claim 16, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 19. The flash memory device of claim 16, serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 20. The flash memory device of claim 15, wherein the FIFO memory comprises a plurality of registers configured to receive the seventh data output from the third MUX based on the FIFO input clock signals generated by a FIFO input clock generator and to output the seventh data from the third MUX based on the FIFO output clock signals generated based on an internal clock signal and a propagation delay. | A non-volatile memory device includes a serial pipeline structure connected to an output stage of a First In, First Out (FIFO) memory. The FIFO memory is configured to store data transmitted through a data path having a wave pipeline structure based on a plurality of FIFO input clock signals and output the stored data based on a plurality of FIFO output clock signals. A serializer is configured to output data to an input/output pad based on a select clock signal. The serial pipeline structure is connected between the FIFO memory and the serializer and configured to compensate for a phase difference between the data output from the FIFO memory and the select clock signal.1. A flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a first FIFO memory configured to receive first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit and to output the first data sequentially; a second FIFO memory configured to receive second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit and to output the second data sequentially; a first MUX configured to select one of the first data output from the first FIFO memory and the second data output from the second FIFO memory and to output the selected one as third data; a third FIFO memory configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX and output the third data sequentially; a serial pipeline structure connected to the third FIFO memory and configured to output the third data output from the first MUX; and a second MUX configured to output the third data output from the serial pipeline structure based on a select clock signal. 2. The flash memory device of claim 1, wherein the serial pipeline structure comprises a plurality of serial pipelines, and the flash memory device further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 3. The flash memory device of claim 2, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the second MUX to the third FIFO memory. 4. The flash memory device of claim 2, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 5. The flash memory device of claim 2, the serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 6. The flash memory device of claim 1, the third FIFO memory comprises a plurality of registers configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX based on a FIFO input clock signals generated by a FIFO input clock generator and to output the third data based on a FIFO output clock signals generated based on an internal clock signal and a propagation delay. 7. The flash memory device of claim 1, the first data is transmitted through a first data path having a wave pipeline structure from the first page buffer circuit to the first FIFO memory, and the second data is transmitted through a second data path having a wave pipeline structure from the second page buffer circuit to the second FIFO memory, and the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the third data output from the third FIFO memory and the select clock signal. 8. The flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a first wave pipeline output stage configured to receive first data transmitted through a first data path having a wave pipeline structure from the first page buffer circuit and output the first data; a second wave pipeline output stage configured to receive second data transmitted through a second data path having a wave pipeline structure from the second page buffer circuit and output the second data; a first MUX configured to select one of the first data output from the first wave pipeline output stage and the second data output from the second wave pipeline output stage and to output the selected one as third data; a hybrid pipeline output stage configured to receive third data output from the first MUX and output the third data; and a second MUX configured to output the third data output from the hybrid pipeline output stage based on a select clock signal, wherein the first wave pipeline output stage comprises: a first FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a first FIFO input clock signals; a first FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a first FIFO output clock signals; a first FIFO memory configured to receive the first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit based on the first FIFO input clock signals and to output the first data based on the first FIFO output clock signals, and wherein the second wave pipeline output stage comprises: a second FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a second FIFO input clock signals; a second FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a second FIFO output clock signals; a second FIFO memory configured to receive the second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit based on the second FIFO input clock signals and to output the second data based on the second FIFO output clock signals, and wherein the hybrid pipeline output stage comprises: a third FIFO input clock signal generator configured to generate a third FIFO input clock signals; a third FIFO output clock signal generator configured to generate a third FIFO output clock signals; a third FIFO memory configured to receive the third data output from the first MUX based on the third FIFO input clock signals and to output the third data based on the third FIFO output clock signals; and a serial pipeline structure configured to receive the third data output from the third FIFO memory and output the third data and comprised of a plurality of serial pipelines. 9. The flash memory device of claim 8, wherein the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the third data output from the third FIFO memory and the select clock signal, and the hybrid pipeline output stage further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 10. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the second MUX to the third FIFO memory. 11. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 12. The flash memory device of claim 9, wherein the serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 13. The flash memory device of claim 8, wherein the flash memory device further comprises:
a clock signal MUX configured to select clock signals among the first FIFO output clock signals and the second FIFO output clock signals, and the third FIFO input clock signal generator is further configured to: generate the third FIFO input clock signals based on the selected clock signals. 14. The flash memory device of claim 8, further comprising a compare logic connected to the second FIFO memory and configured to compare expected data with the second data output from the second FIFO memory. 15. The flash memory device comprising:
a first memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a first page buffer circuit connected to the first memory cell array through a first plurality of bit lines; a second memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a second page buffer circuit connected to the second memory cell array through a second plurality of bit lines; a third memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a third page buffer circuit connected to the third memory cell array through a third plurality of bit lines; a fourth memory cell array comprising a plurality of flash memory cells; a fourth page buffer circuit connected to the fourth memory cell array through a fourth plurality of bit lines; a first pipeline output stage comprising a first pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output first data transmitted from the first page buffer circuit, a second pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output second data transmitted from the second page buffer circuit, a third pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output third data transmitted from the third page buffer circuit and a fourth pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output fourth data transmitted from the fourth page buffer circuit; a first MUX configured to output one of the first data output from the first pipeline output stage and the second data output from the second pipeline output stage as fifth data; a second MUX configured to output one of the third data output from the third pipeline output stage and the fourth data output from the fourth pipeline output stage as sixth data; a second pipeline output stage comprising a fifth wave pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output the fifth data output from the first MUX and a sixth wave pipeline output stage configured to sequentially output the sixth data output from the second MUX; a third MUX configured to output one of the fifth data output from the fifth wave pipeline output stage and the sixth data output from the sixth wave pipeline output stage as seventh data; a hybrid pipeline output stage configured to receive seventh data output from the third MUX and output the seventh data; and a fourth MUX configured to output the seventh data output from the hybrid pipeline output stage based on a select clock signal, wherein the hybrid pipeline output stage comprises: a FIFO memory configured to receive the seventh data output from the third MUX based on FIFO input clock signals and to output the seventh data based on FIFO output clock signals; and a serial pipeline structure configured to receive the third data output from the third FIFO memory and output the third data and comprised of a plurality of serial pipelines. 16. The flash memory device of claim 15, wherein the serial pipeline structure is further configured to compensate a phase difference between the seventh data output from the FIFO memory and the select clock signal, and the flash memory device further comprises:
a serial pipeline driving clock signal generator configured to generate a plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals for controlling the plurality of serial pipelines. 17. The flash memory device of claim 16, wherein a phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals is delayed from the fourth MUX to the FIFO memory. 18. The flash memory device of claim 16, wherein the select clock signal is generated from an internal clock signal and an external clock signal, and the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals are generated based on the select clock signal. 19. The flash memory device of claim 16, serial pipeline driving clock signal generator comprises a plurality of phase delay elements configured to delay sequentially the phase of the plurality of serial pipeline driving clock signals. 20. The flash memory device of claim 15, wherein the FIFO memory comprises a plurality of registers configured to receive the seventh data output from the third MUX based on the FIFO input clock signals generated by a FIFO input clock generator and to output the seventh data from the third MUX based on the FIFO output clock signals generated based on an internal clock signal and a propagation delay. | 3,600 |
341,713 | 16,802,081 | 3,671 | A traveling step structure is mounted to a warehouse rack to allow convenient access to elevated shelves without blocking shelving corridors. A rack track is mounted to a rack between vertical rack members and a support track is fixed to the surface which supports the rack. The traveling step structure has a first frame mounted with followers to the rack track, and a second frame positioned outwardly from the first frame, and connected to the first frame for movement from a retracted position to an extended position. A plurality of steps extend between the first frame and the second frame and are pivotably mounted to both frames. When a user desires to access an elevated rack shelf, the second frame is pulled outwardly and downwardly to bring the steps into a horizontal position. A damper assembly is mounted between the first frame and a step to cushion extension. | 1. (canceled) 2. The accessible rack structure of claim 23 wherein the plurality of first frame rollers each comprise[s] a wheel which engages and travels over the horizontal surface, and the wheel includes a groove which engages with an upwardly extending flange of a support track which is mountable in a fixed position on the horizontal surface substantially parallel to the first frame and the rack. 3. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 wherein the first frame further comprises two upwardly extending rack track mounting members, and one of the follower assemblies is received within each rack track mounting member for free vertical movement, and wherein each follower assembly engages with the horizontal rack track. 4. The collapsible step assembly of claim 3 wherein each upwardly extending rack mounting member comprises a C-channel which opens towards the rack, and each follower assembly comprises a plurality of rollers mounted to a follower base with portions which travel vertically within the C-channel. 5. The collapsible step assembly of claim 4 wherein the plurality of rollers of each follower assembly comprises:
a first set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the upwardly extending rack track mounting members; and
a second set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within the horizontal rack track. 6. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising a damper assembly mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps which defines a mounting step, wherein the damper assembly comprises:
a cylinder housing having a first end; and
an extensible piston which is received within the cylinder housing and having a second end, wherein the first end of the cylinder is pivotably mounted to one of the first frame and the mounting step, and the second end of the piston is pivotably mounted to the other of the first frame and the mounting step. 7. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising:
a latch mounted to the second frame and selectively engaged with portions mounted to the first frame to thereby secure the traveling step assembly in the retracted position. 8. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising a magnet mounted to one of the first and the second frame to magnetically engage the other of the first and the second frame to thereby retain the traveling step structure in the retracted position. 9-10. (canceled) 11. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps which defines a mounting step, the damper assembly serving to cushion deployment of the traveling step structure from the retracted to the extended position. 12. The collapsible step assembly of claim 11 wherein the damper assembly comprises:
a cylinder housing having a first end; and
an extensible piston which is received within the cylinder housing and having a second end, wherein the first end of the cylinder is pivotably mounted to one of the first frame and the mounting step, and the second end of the piston is pivotably mounted to the other of the first frame and the mounting step. 13. (canceled) 14. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 wherein each follower assembly comprises:
a base;
a first set of wheels which are mounted to the base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the upwardly extending rack track mounting members; and
a second set of wheels which are mounted to the base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within the horizontal rack track. 15. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a plurality of horizontal rack track clamps which are adjustably secured to the horizontal rack track, each horizontal rack track clamp having a plurality of rearwardly protruding pins for extension into slots defined in a rack vertical member. 16. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising:
a latch mounted to the second frame and selectively engaged with portions mounted to the first frame to thereby secure the traveling step assembly in the retracted position. 17. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a magnet mounted to one of the first and the second frame to magnetically engage the other of the first and the second frame to thereby retain the traveling step structure in the retracted position. 18. An accessible rack structure comprising:
a plurality of vertically extending members which are fixed to a horizontal support surface; at least one elevated shelf fixed to the plurality of vertically extending members for supporting goods thereon; a horizontally extending rack track mounted to extend between the plurality of vertically extending members at a position spaced above the horizontal support surface; a traveling step structure having a first frame mounted for horizontal movement to the horizontally extending rack track, the first frame having a plurality of spaced vertical members which extend between and are connected by an upper member; the traveling step structure further having a second frame positioned outwardly from the first frame, the second frame having a plurality of upwardly extending vertical members, wherein the second frame is connected to the first frame by a plurality of steps including a lower step and an upper step positioned above the lower step, wherein the lower step is pivotably mounted at one end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the first frame at a first elevation, and the upper step is mounted at one end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the first frame at a second elevation which is spaced a first distance to be higher than the first elevation, and wherein the lower step is pivotably mounted at a second end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the second frame, and the upper step is pivotably mounted at a second end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the second step, the first frame being thereby connected to the second frame by the plurality of steps in a parallelogram mechanism, allowing the second frame to remain always parallel to the first frame as it moves from a retracted position adjacent the first frame to an extended position spaced from the first frame, the plurality of steps being in a substantially horizontal position in the extended position to permit a user to mount the plurality of steps and access elevated shelves of the rack; and a damper assembly mounted between movable portions of the traveling step structure to cushion movement of the traveling step structure from the retracted to the extended position. 19. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 further comprising a support track which is fixed to the horizontal surface beneath the horizontally extending rack track, wherein the first frame is mounted for horizontal movement to the support track by a wheel having a peripheral groove which is rotatably mounted to a lower portion of the first frame, and wherein the support track has an upwardly extending flange which extends into the peripheral groove. 20. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 wherein the first frame is mounted to the horizontally extending rack track by two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels which are spaced horizontally from one another, and wherein a follower assembly is engaged with each of the two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels, and each follower assembly has portions which are received within each one of the two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels for vertical movement, and wherein each follower assembly has portions which engage within the horizontally extending rack track for horizontal motion therein. 21. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 wherein the plurality of steps extending between the first frame and the second frame define three ascending and descending steps which are readily mounted by a user and which permit descent by the user while carrying goods which have been retrieved from the rack. 22. A collapsible step assembly for mounting to a rack extending from a horizontal support surface, the assembly comprising:
a first frame for mounting to the rack, wherein the first frame has two rack track mounting members which extend upwardly, each rack track mounting member comprising a C-channel which opens towards the rack; a follower assembly received within each rack track mounting member for vertical movement, wherein each follower assembly comprises a plurality of rollers mounted to a follower base with portions which travel vertically within the C-channel, each follower assembly plurality of rollers comprising a first set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the rack track mounting members, and a second set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within a horizontal rack track for mounting to the rack, the first frame being thereby mountable to the rack for horizontal motion with respect to the rack; a plurality of steps pivotably mounted to the first frame; a second frame pivotably mounted to the plurality of steps, wherein the first frame, steps, and second frame comprise a traveling step structure; a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps, wherein the damper assembly cushions the movement of the second frame from a retracted position to an extended position in which the spacing of the second frame from the first frame is greater than when in the retracted position, wherein in the extended position the plurality of steps are substantially horizontal for access by a user; and rollers mounted to and beneath the first frame to engage the horizontal support surface. 23. An accessible rack structure comprising:
a rack having a plurality of vertically extending members to which a plurality of elevated shelves are connected, the plurality of elevated shelves being vertically spaced from one another, wherein the rack is mounted to a horizontal support surface which supports the rack and which extends horizontally from the rack to define a corridor which extends along the rack from which goods stored on the plurality of elevated shelves of the rack may be accessed; a rack track mounted between the vertical members of the rack; a rolling access step assembly having a first frame which extends vertically and which has a plurality of follower assemblies which engage with the rack track, wherein a plurality of rollers are mounted to the first frame beneath the follower assemblies and which extend downwardly to engage the horizontal support surface, the first frame being thereby movable horizontally along a length of the rack; the rolling access step assembly further having a second frame connected to the first frame by steps which are pivotably mounted at one end to the first frame, and at an opposite end to the second frame, the second frame is thus movable by pivoting of the steps from a retracted position in which the steps are inclined upwardly, in which the corridor is not blocked, and an extended position, in which the steps have portions which are substantially parallel to the support surface, the steps defining a plurality of steps extending from the corridor to a top step on either side of the top step, such that the top step is reachable from opposite directions along the corridor, the rolling access step assembly being positionable at different positions along the corridor with respect to the rack while offering access along the steps to the plurality of elevated shelves of the rack. 24. A collapsible step assembly for mounting to a rack extending from a horizontal support surface, the assembly comprising:
a first frame for mounting to the rack, wherein the first frame has two rack track mounting members which extend upwardly, each rack track mounting member comprising a channel which opens towards the rack; a horizontal rack track for mounting to the rack at a position at which the first frame rack track mounting members overlap the rack track; two follower assemblies, one follower assembly received within each of the two rack track mounting members for vertical movement, and each follower assembly having portions received within the rack track for motion horizontally with respect to the rack; a plurality of steps pivotably mounted to the first frame; a second frame pivotably mounted to the plurality of steps, wherein the first frame, steps, and second frame comprise a traveling step structure, the second frame being extendable on the steps from a retracted position to an extended position in which the spacing of the second frame from the first frame is greater than when in the retracted position, wherein in the extended position the plurality of steps are substantially horizontal for access by a user; and rollers mounted to and beneath the first frame to engage the horizontal support surface, the vertical movement of the follower assemblies allowing the first frame to move horizontally while accommodating inaccuracies in the placement of the rack track. 25. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps, wherein the damper assembly cushions the movement of the second frame from the retracted position to the extended position. | A traveling step structure is mounted to a warehouse rack to allow convenient access to elevated shelves without blocking shelving corridors. A rack track is mounted to a rack between vertical rack members and a support track is fixed to the surface which supports the rack. The traveling step structure has a first frame mounted with followers to the rack track, and a second frame positioned outwardly from the first frame, and connected to the first frame for movement from a retracted position to an extended position. A plurality of steps extend between the first frame and the second frame and are pivotably mounted to both frames. When a user desires to access an elevated rack shelf, the second frame is pulled outwardly and downwardly to bring the steps into a horizontal position. A damper assembly is mounted between the first frame and a step to cushion extension.1. (canceled) 2. The accessible rack structure of claim 23 wherein the plurality of first frame rollers each comprise[s] a wheel which engages and travels over the horizontal surface, and the wheel includes a groove which engages with an upwardly extending flange of a support track which is mountable in a fixed position on the horizontal surface substantially parallel to the first frame and the rack. 3. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 wherein the first frame further comprises two upwardly extending rack track mounting members, and one of the follower assemblies is received within each rack track mounting member for free vertical movement, and wherein each follower assembly engages with the horizontal rack track. 4. The collapsible step assembly of claim 3 wherein each upwardly extending rack mounting member comprises a C-channel which opens towards the rack, and each follower assembly comprises a plurality of rollers mounted to a follower base with portions which travel vertically within the C-channel. 5. The collapsible step assembly of claim 4 wherein the plurality of rollers of each follower assembly comprises:
a first set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the upwardly extending rack track mounting members; and
a second set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within the horizontal rack track. 6. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising a damper assembly mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps which defines a mounting step, wherein the damper assembly comprises:
a cylinder housing having a first end; and
an extensible piston which is received within the cylinder housing and having a second end, wherein the first end of the cylinder is pivotably mounted to one of the first frame and the mounting step, and the second end of the piston is pivotably mounted to the other of the first frame and the mounting step. 7. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising:
a latch mounted to the second frame and selectively engaged with portions mounted to the first frame to thereby secure the traveling step assembly in the retracted position. 8. The collapsible step assembly of claim 23 further comprising a magnet mounted to one of the first and the second frame to magnetically engage the other of the first and the second frame to thereby retain the traveling step structure in the retracted position. 9-10. (canceled) 11. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps which defines a mounting step, the damper assembly serving to cushion deployment of the traveling step structure from the retracted to the extended position. 12. The collapsible step assembly of claim 11 wherein the damper assembly comprises:
a cylinder housing having a first end; and
an extensible piston which is received within the cylinder housing and having a second end, wherein the first end of the cylinder is pivotably mounted to one of the first frame and the mounting step, and the second end of the piston is pivotably mounted to the other of the first frame and the mounting step. 13. (canceled) 14. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 wherein each follower assembly comprises:
a base;
a first set of wheels which are mounted to the base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the upwardly extending rack track mounting members; and
a second set of wheels which are mounted to the base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within the horizontal rack track. 15. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a plurality of horizontal rack track clamps which are adjustably secured to the horizontal rack track, each horizontal rack track clamp having a plurality of rearwardly protruding pins for extension into slots defined in a rack vertical member. 16. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising:
a latch mounted to the second frame and selectively engaged with portions mounted to the first frame to thereby secure the traveling step assembly in the retracted position. 17. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a magnet mounted to one of the first and the second frame to magnetically engage the other of the first and the second frame to thereby retain the traveling step structure in the retracted position. 18. An accessible rack structure comprising:
a plurality of vertically extending members which are fixed to a horizontal support surface; at least one elevated shelf fixed to the plurality of vertically extending members for supporting goods thereon; a horizontally extending rack track mounted to extend between the plurality of vertically extending members at a position spaced above the horizontal support surface; a traveling step structure having a first frame mounted for horizontal movement to the horizontally extending rack track, the first frame having a plurality of spaced vertical members which extend between and are connected by an upper member; the traveling step structure further having a second frame positioned outwardly from the first frame, the second frame having a plurality of upwardly extending vertical members, wherein the second frame is connected to the first frame by a plurality of steps including a lower step and an upper step positioned above the lower step, wherein the lower step is pivotably mounted at one end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the first frame at a first elevation, and the upper step is mounted at one end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the first frame at a second elevation which is spaced a first distance to be higher than the first elevation, and wherein the lower step is pivotably mounted at a second end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the second frame, and the upper step is pivotably mounted at a second end to two of the plurality of spaced vertical members of the second step, the first frame being thereby connected to the second frame by the plurality of steps in a parallelogram mechanism, allowing the second frame to remain always parallel to the first frame as it moves from a retracted position adjacent the first frame to an extended position spaced from the first frame, the plurality of steps being in a substantially horizontal position in the extended position to permit a user to mount the plurality of steps and access elevated shelves of the rack; and a damper assembly mounted between movable portions of the traveling step structure to cushion movement of the traveling step structure from the retracted to the extended position. 19. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 further comprising a support track which is fixed to the horizontal surface beneath the horizontally extending rack track, wherein the first frame is mounted for horizontal movement to the support track by a wheel having a peripheral groove which is rotatably mounted to a lower portion of the first frame, and wherein the support track has an upwardly extending flange which extends into the peripheral groove. 20. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 wherein the first frame is mounted to the horizontally extending rack track by two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels which are spaced horizontally from one another, and wherein a follower assembly is engaged with each of the two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels, and each follower assembly has portions which are received within each one of the two upwardly extending rack track mounting channels for vertical movement, and wherein each follower assembly has portions which engage within the horizontally extending rack track for horizontal motion therein. 21. The accessible rack structure of claim 18 wherein the plurality of steps extending between the first frame and the second frame define three ascending and descending steps which are readily mounted by a user and which permit descent by the user while carrying goods which have been retrieved from the rack. 22. A collapsible step assembly for mounting to a rack extending from a horizontal support surface, the assembly comprising:
a first frame for mounting to the rack, wherein the first frame has two rack track mounting members which extend upwardly, each rack track mounting member comprising a C-channel which opens towards the rack; a follower assembly received within each rack track mounting member for vertical movement, wherein each follower assembly comprises a plurality of rollers mounted to a follower base with portions which travel vertically within the C-channel, each follower assembly plurality of rollers comprising a first set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially horizontal axis, and which extend within one of the rack track mounting members, and a second set of wheels which are mounted to the follower base to rotate about a substantially vertical axis and which extend within a horizontal rack track for mounting to the rack, the first frame being thereby mountable to the rack for horizontal motion with respect to the rack; a plurality of steps pivotably mounted to the first frame; a second frame pivotably mounted to the plurality of steps, wherein the first frame, steps, and second frame comprise a traveling step structure; a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps, wherein the damper assembly cushions the movement of the second frame from a retracted position to an extended position in which the spacing of the second frame from the first frame is greater than when in the retracted position, wherein in the extended position the plurality of steps are substantially horizontal for access by a user; and rollers mounted to and beneath the first frame to engage the horizontal support surface. 23. An accessible rack structure comprising:
a rack having a plurality of vertically extending members to which a plurality of elevated shelves are connected, the plurality of elevated shelves being vertically spaced from one another, wherein the rack is mounted to a horizontal support surface which supports the rack and which extends horizontally from the rack to define a corridor which extends along the rack from which goods stored on the plurality of elevated shelves of the rack may be accessed; a rack track mounted between the vertical members of the rack; a rolling access step assembly having a first frame which extends vertically and which has a plurality of follower assemblies which engage with the rack track, wherein a plurality of rollers are mounted to the first frame beneath the follower assemblies and which extend downwardly to engage the horizontal support surface, the first frame being thereby movable horizontally along a length of the rack; the rolling access step assembly further having a second frame connected to the first frame by steps which are pivotably mounted at one end to the first frame, and at an opposite end to the second frame, the second frame is thus movable by pivoting of the steps from a retracted position in which the steps are inclined upwardly, in which the corridor is not blocked, and an extended position, in which the steps have portions which are substantially parallel to the support surface, the steps defining a plurality of steps extending from the corridor to a top step on either side of the top step, such that the top step is reachable from opposite directions along the corridor, the rolling access step assembly being positionable at different positions along the corridor with respect to the rack while offering access along the steps to the plurality of elevated shelves of the rack. 24. A collapsible step assembly for mounting to a rack extending from a horizontal support surface, the assembly comprising:
a first frame for mounting to the rack, wherein the first frame has two rack track mounting members which extend upwardly, each rack track mounting member comprising a channel which opens towards the rack; a horizontal rack track for mounting to the rack at a position at which the first frame rack track mounting members overlap the rack track; two follower assemblies, one follower assembly received within each of the two rack track mounting members for vertical movement, and each follower assembly having portions received within the rack track for motion horizontally with respect to the rack; a plurality of steps pivotably mounted to the first frame; a second frame pivotably mounted to the plurality of steps, wherein the first frame, steps, and second frame comprise a traveling step structure, the second frame being extendable on the steps from a retracted position to an extended position in which the spacing of the second frame from the first frame is greater than when in the retracted position, wherein in the extended position the plurality of steps are substantially horizontal for access by a user; and rollers mounted to and beneath the first frame to engage the horizontal support surface, the vertical movement of the follower assemblies allowing the first frame to move horizontally while accommodating inaccuracies in the placement of the rack track. 25. The collapsible step assembly of claim 24 further comprising a damper assembly which is pivotably mounted between the first frame and one of the plurality of steps, wherein the damper assembly cushions the movement of the second frame from the retracted position to the extended position. | 3,600 |
341,714 | 16,802,024 | 3,671 | This document describes techniques and systems that enable a smartphone-based radar system for facilitating awareness of user presence and orientation. The techniques and systems use a radar field to accurately determine a user's location and physical orientation with respect to an electronic device, such as a smartphone. The radar field also enables the device to receive 3D gestures from the user to interact with the device. The techniques allow the device to provide functionality based on the user's presence and orientation, and to appropriately adjust the timing, content, and format of the device's interactions with the user. | 1. A system, comprising:
an electronic device; a radar system, implemented at least partially in hardware, configured to:
provide a radar field;
sense reflections from an object in the radar field;
analyze the reflections from the object in the radar field; and
provide, based on the analysis of the reflections, radar data;
one or more computer processors; and one or more computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, responsive to execution by the one or more computer processors, perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a first subset of the radar data, a presence of the object within an awareness distance of the electronic device;
responsive to determining the presence of the object within the awareness distance, providing a presence-based function of the electronic device;
determining, based on a second subset of the radar data, that the object is outside the awareness distance of the electronic device; and
responsive to determining that the object is outside the awareness distance, ceasing to provide the presence-based function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the presence-based function is one or more of:
an adjustment of a volume of a ringer, an alert, or a notification; an adjustment of a communication mode used by an electronic assistant that is included with the electronic device; an adjustment of content presented on a user interface; providing a notification of the presence of the object within the awareness distance, the notification provided to one or more contacts stored on, or accessible by, the electronic device; or providing a notification of a reminder that was previously presented when the object was not within the awareness distance. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the object in the radar field is an authorized person, the electronic device includes, or is associated with, a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining, when the authorized person is within the awareness distance, a presence of another person within the awareness distance, the other person not being another authorized person; and responsive to determining the presence of the other person within the awareness distance, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing an audio reminder for the authorized person to take medication; and modifying the presence-based function comprises silencing the audio reminder. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein modifying the presence-based function further comprises providing, in place of the audio reminder one or more of: a text alert, a visual alert, or a vibration alert. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing a text message on the display of the electronic device, the text message comprising a result of a medical test; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display of the electronic device and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 8. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing a text message on the display of the electronic device, the text message containing private information; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the object in the radar field is an authorized person, the electronic device includes a microphone, and the operations further comprise:
detecting, when the authorized user is not within the awareness distance and using the microphone, a voice of another person within the awareness distance, the other person not being an authorized person; and responsive to detecting the voice of the other person, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the system includes, or is associated with, a display; the presence-based function is providing a text message, on the display, the etsxt message containing private information; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining, when the object is within the awareness distance, a presence of another object within the awareness distance; and responsive to determining the presence of the other object within the awareness distance, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the presence-based function is an audio alert; and modifying the presence-based function comprises silencing the audio alert. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein modifying the presence-based function further comprises providing, in place of the audio alert, one or more of: a text alert, a visual alert, or a vibration alert. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing content using the electronic device; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the content. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the providing content using the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing visual content on the display of the electronic device; or providing audio content using a speaker of the electronic device. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on the radar data, a 3D gesture by the object within the awareness distance of the electronic device; and performing an action corresponding to the determined 3D gesture. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining a presence of another object within the awareness distance at a same time the object is within the awareness distance; determining, responsive to determining the presence of the other object within the awareness distance and based on the radar data:
a gesture by the object within the awareness distance of the electronic device; and
another gesture by the other object within the awareness distance of the electronic device;
performing an action corresponding to the determined gesture; and performing another action corresponding to the other determined gesture. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the radar system further comprises a digital beamformer and an angle estimator, and the radar system is configured to monitor angles in a field of view between approximately −90 degrees and approximately 90 degrees. | This document describes techniques and systems that enable a smartphone-based radar system for facilitating awareness of user presence and orientation. The techniques and systems use a radar field to accurately determine a user's location and physical orientation with respect to an electronic device, such as a smartphone. The radar field also enables the device to receive 3D gestures from the user to interact with the device. The techniques allow the device to provide functionality based on the user's presence and orientation, and to appropriately adjust the timing, content, and format of the device's interactions with the user.1. A system, comprising:
an electronic device; a radar system, implemented at least partially in hardware, configured to:
provide a radar field;
sense reflections from an object in the radar field;
analyze the reflections from the object in the radar field; and
provide, based on the analysis of the reflections, radar data;
one or more computer processors; and one or more computer-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, responsive to execution by the one or more computer processors, perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a first subset of the radar data, a presence of the object within an awareness distance of the electronic device;
responsive to determining the presence of the object within the awareness distance, providing a presence-based function of the electronic device;
determining, based on a second subset of the radar data, that the object is outside the awareness distance of the electronic device; and
responsive to determining that the object is outside the awareness distance, ceasing to provide the presence-based function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the presence-based function is one or more of:
an adjustment of a volume of a ringer, an alert, or a notification; an adjustment of a communication mode used by an electronic assistant that is included with the electronic device; an adjustment of content presented on a user interface; providing a notification of the presence of the object within the awareness distance, the notification provided to one or more contacts stored on, or accessible by, the electronic device; or providing a notification of a reminder that was previously presented when the object was not within the awareness distance. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the object in the radar field is an authorized person, the electronic device includes, or is associated with, a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining, when the authorized person is within the awareness distance, a presence of another person within the awareness distance, the other person not being another authorized person; and responsive to determining the presence of the other person within the awareness distance, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing an audio reminder for the authorized person to take medication; and modifying the presence-based function comprises silencing the audio reminder. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein modifying the presence-based function further comprises providing, in place of the audio reminder one or more of: a text alert, a visual alert, or a vibration alert. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing a text message on the display of the electronic device, the text message comprising a result of a medical test; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display of the electronic device and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 8. The system of claim 3, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing a text message on the display of the electronic device, the text message containing private information; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display of the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the object in the radar field is an authorized person, the electronic device includes a microphone, and the operations further comprise:
detecting, when the authorized user is not within the awareness distance and using the microphone, a voice of another person within the awareness distance, the other person not being an authorized person; and responsive to detecting the voice of the other person, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the system includes, or is associated with, a display; the presence-based function is providing a text message, on the display, the etsxt message containing private information; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the text message on the display. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein ceasing to provide at least the portion of the text message on the display further comprises one or more of:
providing, on the display and in place of at least the portion of the text message, a visual notification that the text message has been received; or providing, in place of at least the portion of the text message, an audio notification that the text message has been received. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining, when the object is within the awareness distance, a presence of another object within the awareness distance; and responsive to determining the presence of the other object within the awareness distance, modifying the presence-based function of the electronic device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the presence-based function is an audio alert; and modifying the presence-based function comprises silencing the audio alert. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein modifying the presence-based function further comprises providing, in place of the audio alert, one or more of: a text alert, a visual alert, or a vibration alert. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the presence-based function is providing content using the electronic device; and modifying the presence-based function comprises ceasing to provide at least a portion of the content. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the providing content using the electronic device further comprises one or more of:
providing visual content on the display of the electronic device; or providing audio content using a speaker of the electronic device. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, based on the radar data, a 3D gesture by the object within the awareness distance of the electronic device; and performing an action corresponding to the determined 3D gesture. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic device includes a display, and the operations further comprise:
determining a presence of another object within the awareness distance at a same time the object is within the awareness distance; determining, responsive to determining the presence of the other object within the awareness distance and based on the radar data:
a gesture by the object within the awareness distance of the electronic device; and
another gesture by the other object within the awareness distance of the electronic device;
performing an action corresponding to the determined gesture; and performing another action corresponding to the other determined gesture. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the radar system further comprises a digital beamformer and an angle estimator, and the radar system is configured to monitor angles in a field of view between approximately −90 degrees and approximately 90 degrees. | 3,600 |
341,715 | 16,802,086 | 1,788 | Provided herein are identification collars or devices for a lifeguard. The identification collar and the identification device are generally unitary collars to which a plurality of reflective elements and a plurality of indicia are attached circumferentially on the outer surface of the collar so the wearer is easily identified from any direction. The unitary collars are made from stretchable elastic material. | 1. An identification collar for a lifeguard, comprising:
a unitary collar body having an upper edge and a lower edge that define a center region therebetween and comprising a stretchable fabric; and at least one pair of reflective elements longitudinally disposed in parallel around an outer surface of the unitary collar body at the upper edge and at the lower edge thereof. 2. The identification collar of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of indicia disposed circumferentially to the center region of the unitary collar body. 3. The identification collar of claim 2, wherein the indicia identify a user as a certified lifeguard. 4. The identification collar of claim 1, further comprising a stretchable indicia fabric secured circumferentially to the center region of the unitary collar body and a plurality of indicia circumferentially secured thereon. 5. The identification collar of claim 4, wherein the indicia fabric is made from a natural stretchable elastic fabric or a synthetic stretchable elastic fabric or a combination thereof. 6. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body has a vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge of about 2 inches to about 3 inches. 7. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body is stretchable to a circumference of about 20 inches to about 25 inches. 8. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body is made from a stretchable elastic fabric. 9. A lifeguard identification device, comprising:
a unitary collar having an outer surface and an inner surface; a plurality of reflective elements circumferentially disposed on the outer surface of the collar; and a plurality of indicia circumferentially disposed on the outer surface of the collar. 10. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, further comprising an indicia fabric having a vertical dimension smaller than a vertical dimension from a lower edge to an upper edge of the unitary collar, said indicia disposed thereon. 11. The lifeguard identification device of claim 10, wherein the indicia fabric is made from a natural stretchable elastic fabric or a synthetic stretchable elastic fabric or a combination thereof. 12. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the indicia identify a user as a certified lifeguard. 14. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar comprises a first end and a second end, said first end removably fastenable to said second end. 13. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar has a vertical dimension of about 2 inches to about 3 inches. 15. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar is stretchable to a circumference of about 20 inches to about 25 inches. 16. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar is made from a stretchable elastic fabric. 17. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of the reflective elements is a reflective fabric or a reflective strip. 18. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of the reflective elements comprises a reflective paint. 19. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of reflective elements has a vertical dimension equal to or less than a vertical dimension from a lower edge to an upper edge of the unitary collar. 20. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the plurality of reflective elements are uniformly disposed in parallel on the outer surface of the unitary collar at an upper edge thereof and at a lower edge thereof. | Provided herein are identification collars or devices for a lifeguard. The identification collar and the identification device are generally unitary collars to which a plurality of reflective elements and a plurality of indicia are attached circumferentially on the outer surface of the collar so the wearer is easily identified from any direction. The unitary collars are made from stretchable elastic material.1. An identification collar for a lifeguard, comprising:
a unitary collar body having an upper edge and a lower edge that define a center region therebetween and comprising a stretchable fabric; and at least one pair of reflective elements longitudinally disposed in parallel around an outer surface of the unitary collar body at the upper edge and at the lower edge thereof. 2. The identification collar of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of indicia disposed circumferentially to the center region of the unitary collar body. 3. The identification collar of claim 2, wherein the indicia identify a user as a certified lifeguard. 4. The identification collar of claim 1, further comprising a stretchable indicia fabric secured circumferentially to the center region of the unitary collar body and a plurality of indicia circumferentially secured thereon. 5. The identification collar of claim 4, wherein the indicia fabric is made from a natural stretchable elastic fabric or a synthetic stretchable elastic fabric or a combination thereof. 6. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body has a vertical dimension between the upper edge and the lower edge of about 2 inches to about 3 inches. 7. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body is stretchable to a circumference of about 20 inches to about 25 inches. 8. The identification collar of claim 1, wherein the unitary collar body is made from a stretchable elastic fabric. 9. A lifeguard identification device, comprising:
a unitary collar having an outer surface and an inner surface; a plurality of reflective elements circumferentially disposed on the outer surface of the collar; and a plurality of indicia circumferentially disposed on the outer surface of the collar. 10. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, further comprising an indicia fabric having a vertical dimension smaller than a vertical dimension from a lower edge to an upper edge of the unitary collar, said indicia disposed thereon. 11. The lifeguard identification device of claim 10, wherein the indicia fabric is made from a natural stretchable elastic fabric or a synthetic stretchable elastic fabric or a combination thereof. 12. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the indicia identify a user as a certified lifeguard. 14. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar comprises a first end and a second end, said first end removably fastenable to said second end. 13. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar has a vertical dimension of about 2 inches to about 3 inches. 15. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar is stretchable to a circumference of about 20 inches to about 25 inches. 16. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the unitary collar is made from a stretchable elastic fabric. 17. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of the reflective elements is a reflective fabric or a reflective strip. 18. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of the reflective elements comprises a reflective paint. 19. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of reflective elements has a vertical dimension equal to or less than a vertical dimension from a lower edge to an upper edge of the unitary collar. 20. The lifeguard identification device of claim 9, wherein the plurality of reflective elements are uniformly disposed in parallel on the outer surface of the unitary collar at an upper edge thereof and at a lower edge thereof. | 1,700 |
341,716 | 16,802,037 | 1,788 | A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae includes: irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more; and measuring a condition of the algal cells and/or a condition of an algal cell culture provided by cultivating the algal cells. Irradiation and non-irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light are switched, or the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is changed, according to the measured condition of the algal cells and/or the measured condition of the algal cell culture. | 1. A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, the method comprising:
irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more; and measuring a condition of the algal cells and/or a condition of an algal cell culture provided by cultivating the algal cells, wherein irradiation and non-irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light are switched, or the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is changed, according to the measured condition of the algal cells and/or the measured condition of the algal cell culture. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the condition is at least one selected from the group consisting of cell density of the algal cell culture, singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, cell size of the algal cells and cell-cycle phase of the algal cells. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell density of the algal cell culture, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm of the light irradiated to the algal cells is set to be a first photon flux density value when the cell density is a predetermined value or less, and is set to be a second photon flux density value, which is larger than the first photon flux density value, when the cell density is the predetermined value or more. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
measuring singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, wherein a singlet oxygen eliminator is fed to the algal cell culture when the measured singlet oxygen level is a predetermined value or more. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm of the light irradiated to the algal cells is decreased or the irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light is stopped when the singlet oxygen level is above a first predetermined value, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is increased or the algal cells are irradiated with the artificial light when the cell density is below a second predetermined value that is smaller than the first predetermined value, or when a predetermined time period elapses. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell size of the algal cells, the method comprises size-classifying the algal cells between relatively small-sized algal cells and relatively large-sized algal cells and subjecting the relatively small-sized algal cells to a step a2) and the relatively large-sized algal cells to a step b2), and the step of irradiating the algal cells with the artificial light comprises:
the step a2) of irradiating the relatively small-sized algal cells with light in the range of 520-630 nm at a first photon flux density value, and
the step b2) of irradiating the relatively large-sized algal cells with light in the range of 520-630 nm at a second photon flux density value that is smaller than the first photon flux density value. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell size of the algal cells, the method comprises size-classifying the algal cells between relatively small-sized algal cells and relatively large-sized algal cells, and the relatively small-sized algal cells are subjected to a step a2) of irradiation with the artificial light and the relatively large-sized algal cells are subjected to a step b2) of placement in dim light or darkness. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the algal cells previously subjected to the step a2) are size-classified. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the algal cells previously subjected to the step b2) are subjected to the step a2) without size-classification. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is a cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the method comprises synchronizing the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the step of irradiating the algal cells with the artificial light comprises:
a step a3) of irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm at a first photon flux density value, and
a step b3) of irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm at a second photon flux density value that is smaller than the first photon flux density value, and
the algal cells having a synchronized cell-cycle phase are subjected to the step a3) for a first predetermined time period and then to the step b3) for a second predetermined time period, or are subjected to the step b3) for the second predetermined time period and then to the step a3) for the first predetermined time period. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the method comprises synchronizing the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, and the algal cells having a synchronized cell-cycle phase are subjected to a step a3) of irradiation with the artificial light for a first predetermined time period and then to a step b3) of placement in dim light or darkness for a second predetermined time period, or are subjected to the step b3) for the second predetermined time period and then to the step a3) for the first predetermined time period. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the synchronization of the cell-cycle phase is carried out by pre-cultivating the algal cells in a predetermined light/dark cycle or treating the algal cells with a cell-cycle synchronizing agent. 14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s. 15. The method according to claim 6, wherein the algal cells are placed in dim light or darkness after the irradiation with the artificial light is stopped. 16. A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, comprising:
irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is of 65% or more; and measuring a singlet oxygen level of a algal cell culture, wherein a singlet oxygen eliminator is fed to the algal cell culture when the measured singlet oxygen level is a predetermined value or more. 17. A method of cultivating algal cells, comprising further cultivating, in an open pond tank or a pond, the algal cells that have previously cultivated in a photobioreactor by the method according to claim 1. 18. A method of providing an algal cell culture, comprising cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, by the method according to claim 1. 19. A photobioreactor for cultivating algal cells, for use in the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a reactor vessel configured to contain algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, and a culture medium for the algal cells; a lighting device configured to irradiate the reactor vessel with the artificial light having the ratio of (i) photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more, which lighting device comprises a light source capable of emitting light with a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm and a control unit to control the light source; and a sensor configured to measure the condition of the algal cells and/or the condition of the algal cell culture in the reactor vessel, wherein the control unit is configured to control the light source according to an output of the sensor. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s. | A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae includes: irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more; and measuring a condition of the algal cells and/or a condition of an algal cell culture provided by cultivating the algal cells. Irradiation and non-irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light are switched, or the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is changed, according to the measured condition of the algal cells and/or the measured condition of the algal cell culture.1. A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, the method comprising:
irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more; and measuring a condition of the algal cells and/or a condition of an algal cell culture provided by cultivating the algal cells, wherein irradiation and non-irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light are switched, or the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is changed, according to the measured condition of the algal cells and/or the measured condition of the algal cell culture. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the condition is at least one selected from the group consisting of cell density of the algal cell culture, singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, cell size of the algal cells and cell-cycle phase of the algal cells. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell density of the algal cell culture, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm of the light irradiated to the algal cells is set to be a first photon flux density value when the cell density is a predetermined value or less, and is set to be a second photon flux density value, which is larger than the first photon flux density value, when the cell density is the predetermined value or more. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
measuring singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, wherein a singlet oxygen eliminator is fed to the algal cell culture when the measured singlet oxygen level is a predetermined value or more. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is singlet oxygen level of the algal cell culture, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm of the light irradiated to the algal cells is decreased or the irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light is stopped when the singlet oxygen level is above a first predetermined value, and the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is increased or the algal cells are irradiated with the artificial light when the cell density is below a second predetermined value that is smaller than the first predetermined value, or when a predetermined time period elapses. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell size of the algal cells, the method comprises size-classifying the algal cells between relatively small-sized algal cells and relatively large-sized algal cells and subjecting the relatively small-sized algal cells to a step a2) and the relatively large-sized algal cells to a step b2), and the step of irradiating the algal cells with the artificial light comprises:
the step a2) of irradiating the relatively small-sized algal cells with light in the range of 520-630 nm at a first photon flux density value, and
the step b2) of irradiating the relatively large-sized algal cells with light in the range of 520-630 nm at a second photon flux density value that is smaller than the first photon flux density value. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell size of the algal cells, the method comprises size-classifying the algal cells between relatively small-sized algal cells and relatively large-sized algal cells, and the relatively small-sized algal cells are subjected to a step a2) of irradiation with the artificial light and the relatively large-sized algal cells are subjected to a step b2) of placement in dim light or darkness. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the algal cells previously subjected to the step a2) are size-classified. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the algal cells previously subjected to the step b2) are subjected to the step a2) without size-classification. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is a cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the method comprises synchronizing the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the step of irradiating the algal cells with the artificial light comprises:
a step a3) of irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm at a first photon flux density value, and
a step b3) of irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm at a second photon flux density value that is smaller than the first photon flux density value, and
the algal cells having a synchronized cell-cycle phase are subjected to the step a3) for a first predetermined time period and then to the step b3) for a second predetermined time period, or are subjected to the step b3) for the second predetermined time period and then to the step a3) for the first predetermined time period. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the condition is the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, the method comprises synchronizing the cell-cycle phase of the algal cells, and the algal cells having a synchronized cell-cycle phase are subjected to a step a3) of irradiation with the artificial light for a first predetermined time period and then to a step b3) of placement in dim light or darkness for a second predetermined time period, or are subjected to the step b3) for the second predetermined time period and then to the step a3) for the first predetermined time period. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the synchronization of the cell-cycle phase is carried out by pre-cultivating the algal cells in a predetermined light/dark cycle or treating the algal cells with a cell-cycle synchronizing agent. 14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s. 15. The method according to claim 6, wherein the algal cells are placed in dim light or darkness after the irradiation with the artificial light is stopped. 16. A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, comprising:
irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is of 65% or more; and measuring a singlet oxygen level of a algal cell culture, wherein a singlet oxygen eliminator is fed to the algal cell culture when the measured singlet oxygen level is a predetermined value or more. 17. A method of cultivating algal cells, comprising further cultivating, in an open pond tank or a pond, the algal cells that have previously cultivated in a photobioreactor by the method according to claim 1. 18. A method of providing an algal cell culture, comprising cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, by the method according to claim 1. 19. A photobioreactor for cultivating algal cells, for use in the method according to claim 1, comprising:
a reactor vessel configured to contain algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae, and a culture medium for the algal cells; a lighting device configured to irradiate the reactor vessel with the artificial light having the ratio of (i) photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more, which lighting device comprises a light source capable of emitting light with a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm and a control unit to control the light source; and a sensor configured to measure the condition of the algal cells and/or the condition of the algal cell culture in the reactor vessel, wherein the control unit is configured to control the light source according to an output of the sensor. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first photon flux density value is in a range of 300-900 μmol/m2/s and the second photon flux density value is in a range of 50-300 μmol/m2/s. | 1,700 |
341,717 | 16,802,021 | 1,788 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and use the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. In some aspects, a UE may receive an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and use the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and using the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication includes at least one of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second PDSCH and for at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first control resource set (CORESET) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second CORESET on at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication is stored in a configuration or activated for use. 6. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and using the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the multiple PUCCH resources are indicated using one or more component identifiers that include at least one of:
a PUCCH resource identifier, a PUCCH resource set identifier, a bandwidth part identifier, a component carrier identifier, or a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is indicated using one of:
a first format that explicitly indicates a single component identifier for a component, a second format that includes a bitmap that indicates the component identifier from a set of configured component identifiers, a third format that indicates all component identifiers for a component, or a fourth format that indicates a number of component identifiers and a corresponding component identifier for each of the number of component identifiers. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a format to be used to indicate a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is signaled to the UE. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication is received in a single media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). 11. The method of claim 6, wherein a single MAC-CE is used to indicate the spatial relation, the multiple PUCCH resources, and a set of formats for interpreting a set of bits used to indicate a set of components that indicate the multiple PUCCH resources. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of components is explicitly indicated by the set of formats. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of components is indicated by the set of formats and a validity indicator that indicates whether a format, of the set of formats, is to be used to identify a corresponding component or whether all component identifiers for the component are to be used to identify PUCCH resources. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length and the validity indicator is included in a body of the MAC-CE. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the single MAC-CE has a variable length and the validity indicator is included in a sub-header of the MAC-CE. 17. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and
use the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication includes at least one of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship. 19. The UE of claim 18, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second PDSCH and for at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 20. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first control resource set (CORESET) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second CORESET on at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 21. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication is stored in a configuration or activated for use. 22. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and
use the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the multiple PUCCH resources are indicated using one or more component identifiers that include at least one of:
a PUCCH resource identifier, a PUCCH resource set identifier, a bandwidth part identifier, a component carrier identifier, or a combination thereof. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is indicated using one of:
a first format that explicitly indicates a single component identifier for a component, a second format that includes a bitmap that indicates the component identifier from a set of configured component identifiers, a third format that indicates all component identifiers for a component, or a fourth format that indicates a number of component identifiers and a corresponding component identifier for each of the number of component identifiers. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein a format to be used to indicate a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is signaled to the UE. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the indication is received in a single media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). 27. The UE of claim 22, wherein a single MAC-CE is used to indicate the spatial relation, the multiple PUCCH resources, and a set of formats for interpreting a set of bits used to indicate a set of components that indicate the multiple PUCCH resources. 28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the set of components is explicitly indicated by the set of formats. 29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length. 30. The UE of claim 27, wherein the set of components is indicated by the set of formats and a validity indicator that indicates whether a format, of the set of formats, is to be used to identify a corresponding component or whether all component identifiers for the component are to be used to identify PUCCH resources. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and use the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. In some aspects, a UE may receive an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and use the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and using the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication includes at least one of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second PDSCH and for at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first control resource set (CORESET) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second CORESET on at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink beam indication is stored in a configuration or activated for use. 6. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and using the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the multiple PUCCH resources are indicated using one or more component identifiers that include at least one of:
a PUCCH resource identifier, a PUCCH resource set identifier, a bandwidth part identifier, a component carrier identifier, or a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is indicated using one of:
a first format that explicitly indicates a single component identifier for a component, a second format that includes a bitmap that indicates the component identifier from a set of configured component identifiers, a third format that indicates all component identifiers for a component, or a fourth format that indicates a number of component identifiers and a corresponding component identifier for each of the number of component identifiers. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a format to be used to indicate a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is signaled to the UE. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the indication is received in a single media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). 11. The method of claim 6, wherein a single MAC-CE is used to indicate the spatial relation, the multiple PUCCH resources, and a set of formats for interpreting a set of bits used to indicate a set of components that indicate the multiple PUCCH resources. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of components is explicitly indicated by the set of formats. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of components is indicated by the set of formats and a validity indicator that indicates whether a format, of the set of formats, is to be used to identify a corresponding component or whether all component identifiers for the component are to be used to identify PUCCH resources. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length and the validity indicator is included in a body of the MAC-CE. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the single MAC-CE has a variable length and the validity indicator is included in a sub-header of the MAC-CE. 17. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a downlink beam indication for at least one of a channel, a resource, a resource set, a bandwidth part, or a component carrier; and
use the downlink beam indication for a group of channels, resources, resource sets, bandwidth parts, or component carriers. 18. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication includes at least one of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) relationship. 19. The UE of claim 18, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second PDSCH and for at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 20. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication is received for a first control resource set (CORESET) and for at least one of a first bandwidth part or a first component carrier, and wherein the downlink beam indication is used for a second CORESET on at least one of a second bandwidth part or a second component carrier. 21. The UE of claim 17, wherein the downlink beam indication is stored in a configuration or activated for use. 22. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive an indication of a spatial relation and multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources to which the spatial relation is to be applied; and
use the spatial relation to transmit on one or more PUCCH resources of the multiple PUCCH resources. 23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the multiple PUCCH resources are indicated using one or more component identifiers that include at least one of:
a PUCCH resource identifier, a PUCCH resource set identifier, a bandwidth part identifier, a component carrier identifier, or a combination thereof. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is indicated using one of:
a first format that explicitly indicates a single component identifier for a component, a second format that includes a bitmap that indicates the component identifier from a set of configured component identifiers, a third format that indicates all component identifiers for a component, or a fourth format that indicates a number of component identifiers and a corresponding component identifier for each of the number of component identifiers. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein a format to be used to indicate a component identifier, of the one or more component identifiers, is signaled to the UE. 26. The UE of claim 22, wherein the indication is received in a single media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE). 27. The UE of claim 22, wherein a single MAC-CE is used to indicate the spatial relation, the multiple PUCCH resources, and a set of formats for interpreting a set of bits used to indicate a set of components that indicate the multiple PUCCH resources. 28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the set of components is explicitly indicated by the set of formats. 29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the single MAC-CE has a fixed length. 30. The UE of claim 27, wherein the set of components is indicated by the set of formats and a validity indicator that indicates whether a format, of the set of formats, is to be used to identify a corresponding component or whether all component identifiers for the component are to be used to identify PUCCH resources. | 1,700 |
341,718 | 16,802,054 | 1,788 | A storage device includes a storage and a controller. The controller can control data write to the storage and data read from the storage. The controller includes a first processor, a second processor, a first bus, a memory access control device, and a second bus. The memory access control device can manage a memory access control information table. The memory access control information table stores access control information indicating a range of each of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area. The memory access control device can compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor. | 1. A storage device comprising:
a storage; and a controller configured to control data write to the storage and data read from the storage, wherein the controller includes
a first processor;
a second processor;
a first bus configured for the second processor to access a memory that is configured for use by the second processor as a cache or a work area,
a memory access control device configured to:
manage a memory access control information table, the memory access control information table storing access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area, and
control, on the basis of the memory access control information table, access to the memory by the second processor using the first bus; and
a second bus configured for the first processor to access the second processor and the memory access control device,
wherein the first processor has a first security strength higher than a second security strength of the second processor, wherein the first processor is configured to set the memory access control information table via the second bus, and set an identifier to the second processor, the set identifier being among the identifiers stored in the memory access control information table and corresponding to a range of an area of the memory to which the second processor is permitted to access, wherein the second processor is configured to output the identifier to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory when accessing the memory, and wherein the memory access control device is configured to compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier stored in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor. 2. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein setting of the memory access control information table is performed only by the first processor via the second bus. 3. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the second processor includes a register configured to store the identifier, and storing the identifier in the register is configured to be performed only by the first processor via the second bus. 4. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the memory access control device is configured to determine an area of the memory to be accessed by the second processor on the basis of address information included in the control information. 5. The storage device according to claim 4, wherein the access control information further includes information indicating a type of access permitted for each area, and
the memory access control device is further configured to compare information indicating a type of access included in the control information with the information indicating the type of access permitted for the are included in the access control information, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor. 6. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the memory is provided in the controller. 7. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. 8. A memory access control system comprising:
a memory; a first bus; a plurality of bus masters configured to access the memory using the first bus; a memory access control device configured to:
manage a memory access control information table that stores access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area, and
control access to the memory by the plurality of bus masters using the first bus on the basis of the memory access control information table;
an access management device configured to set the memory access control information table and set an identifier to at least one of the plurality of bus masters, the identifier being among the identifiers stored in the memory access control information table and corresponding to a range of an area of the memory to which at least one of the plurality of bus masters is permitted to access; and a second bus configured for the access management device to access the plurality of bus masters and the memory access control device, wherein one of the plurality of bus masters is configured to output the identifier set by the access management device to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory when accessing the memory, and wherein the memory access control device is configured to compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier stored in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by one of the plurality of bus masters. 9. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein setting the memory access control information table is performed only by the access management device via the second bus. 10. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of bus masters include a register storing the identifier, and storing the identifier in the register is performed only by the access management device via the second bus. 11. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. 12. A memory access control method of controlling access to a memory, the method comprising:
setting, to a memory access control information table using a second bus, access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas on a memory and an identifier associated with each area; setting an identifier corresponding to a range of an area of the memory, to which a bus master is permitted to access among the identifiers included in the access control information, to the bus master using the second bus; in response to the identifier being output from the bus master to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory; and comparing the identifier output to the first bus with the identifiers stored in the access control information to determine whether the access to the memory requested by the bus master is available. 13. The memory access control method according to claim 12, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. | A storage device includes a storage and a controller. The controller can control data write to the storage and data read from the storage. The controller includes a first processor, a second processor, a first bus, a memory access control device, and a second bus. The memory access control device can manage a memory access control information table. The memory access control information table stores access control information indicating a range of each of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area. The memory access control device can compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor.1. A storage device comprising:
a storage; and a controller configured to control data write to the storage and data read from the storage, wherein the controller includes
a first processor;
a second processor;
a first bus configured for the second processor to access a memory that is configured for use by the second processor as a cache or a work area,
a memory access control device configured to:
manage a memory access control information table, the memory access control information table storing access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area, and
control, on the basis of the memory access control information table, access to the memory by the second processor using the first bus; and
a second bus configured for the first processor to access the second processor and the memory access control device,
wherein the first processor has a first security strength higher than a second security strength of the second processor, wherein the first processor is configured to set the memory access control information table via the second bus, and set an identifier to the second processor, the set identifier being among the identifiers stored in the memory access control information table and corresponding to a range of an area of the memory to which the second processor is permitted to access, wherein the second processor is configured to output the identifier to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory when accessing the memory, and wherein the memory access control device is configured to compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier stored in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor. 2. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein setting of the memory access control information table is performed only by the first processor via the second bus. 3. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the second processor includes a register configured to store the identifier, and storing the identifier in the register is configured to be performed only by the first processor via the second bus. 4. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the memory access control device is configured to determine an area of the memory to be accessed by the second processor on the basis of address information included in the control information. 5. The storage device according to claim 4, wherein the access control information further includes information indicating a type of access permitted for each area, and
the memory access control device is further configured to compare information indicating a type of access included in the control information with the information indicating the type of access permitted for the are included in the access control information, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by the second processor. 6. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the memory is provided in the controller. 7. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. 8. A memory access control system comprising:
a memory; a first bus; a plurality of bus masters configured to access the memory using the first bus; a memory access control device configured to:
manage a memory access control information table that stores access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas of the memory and an identifier associated with each area, and
control access to the memory by the plurality of bus masters using the first bus on the basis of the memory access control information table;
an access management device configured to set the memory access control information table and set an identifier to at least one of the plurality of bus masters, the identifier being among the identifiers stored in the memory access control information table and corresponding to a range of an area of the memory to which at least one of the plurality of bus masters is permitted to access; and a second bus configured for the access management device to access the plurality of bus masters and the memory access control device, wherein one of the plurality of bus masters is configured to output the identifier set by the access management device to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory when accessing the memory, and wherein the memory access control device is configured to compare the identifier output to the first bus with the identifier stored in the memory access control information table, and determine whether to allow the access to the memory requested by one of the plurality of bus masters. 9. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein setting the memory access control information table is performed only by the access management device via the second bus. 10. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of bus masters include a register storing the identifier, and storing the identifier in the register is performed only by the access management device via the second bus. 11. The memory access control system according to claim 8, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. 12. A memory access control method of controlling access to a memory, the method comprising:
setting, to a memory access control information table using a second bus, access control information including information indicating a range of each of a plurality of areas on a memory and an identifier associated with each area; setting an identifier corresponding to a range of an area of the memory, to which a bus master is permitted to access among the identifiers included in the access control information, to the bus master using the second bus; in response to the identifier being output from the bus master to the first bus together with control information requesting access to the memory; and comparing the identifier output to the first bus with the identifiers stored in the access control information to determine whether the access to the memory requested by the bus master is available. 13. The memory access control method according to claim 12, wherein the information indicating the range of the area includes a start address and an end address of the area. | 1,700 |
341,719 | 16,802,090 | 3,677 | A fastener having a fastener body and a protected decorative cap arranged on a head end of the fastener body in a manner that protects the decorative cap from fastener torquing forces applied to said head end that might otherwise damage, disfigure or loosen the cap and that facilitates attachment of the decorative cap to the fastener body. | 1. A fastener with a protected decorative cap comprising:
a fastener body orientated about a longitudinal axis and having a tool-engaging portion to which a driving torque may be applied and a threaded fastening portion configured and arranged to mate with a corresponding threaded element; a decorative cap overlaying said tool-engaging portion; said decorative cap comprising multiple open spaces, a generally transversely-extending end face substantially covering said end face of said tool-engaging portion, and a connector protrusion extending from underside of said end face of said decorative cap; said tool-engaging portion comprising multiple generally longitudinally-extending tool-engaging ridges configured to engage a fastener torquing tool, a generally transversely-extending end face, and an opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion sized to receive said connector protrusion; each of said tool-engaging ridges protruding radially outward through at least one of said spaces in said decorative cap; and said connector protrusion extending into said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion. 2. The fastener of claim 1, wherein said connector protrusion and said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion are sized such that said decorative cap is attached to said tool-engaging portion by engagement of said connector protrusion in said opening of said end face of said tool-engaging portion. 3. The fastener of claim 1, wherein said decorative cap is attached to said tool-engaging portion by a resin disposed between said opening and said connector protrusion. 4. The fastener of claim 3, wherein said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion is threaded and said resin is disposed between said threaded opening and said connector protrusion. 5.-19. (canceled) | A fastener having a fastener body and a protected decorative cap arranged on a head end of the fastener body in a manner that protects the decorative cap from fastener torquing forces applied to said head end that might otherwise damage, disfigure or loosen the cap and that facilitates attachment of the decorative cap to the fastener body.1. A fastener with a protected decorative cap comprising:
a fastener body orientated about a longitudinal axis and having a tool-engaging portion to which a driving torque may be applied and a threaded fastening portion configured and arranged to mate with a corresponding threaded element; a decorative cap overlaying said tool-engaging portion; said decorative cap comprising multiple open spaces, a generally transversely-extending end face substantially covering said end face of said tool-engaging portion, and a connector protrusion extending from underside of said end face of said decorative cap; said tool-engaging portion comprising multiple generally longitudinally-extending tool-engaging ridges configured to engage a fastener torquing tool, a generally transversely-extending end face, and an opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion sized to receive said connector protrusion; each of said tool-engaging ridges protruding radially outward through at least one of said spaces in said decorative cap; and said connector protrusion extending into said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion. 2. The fastener of claim 1, wherein said connector protrusion and said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion are sized such that said decorative cap is attached to said tool-engaging portion by engagement of said connector protrusion in said opening of said end face of said tool-engaging portion. 3. The fastener of claim 1, wherein said decorative cap is attached to said tool-engaging portion by a resin disposed between said opening and said connector protrusion. 4. The fastener of claim 3, wherein said opening in said end face of said tool-engaging portion is threaded and said resin is disposed between said threaded opening and said connector protrusion. 5.-19. (canceled) | 3,600 |
341,720 | 16,802,076 | 1,754 | Provided is a method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object using a cutting tool configured to perform cutting at a first length at maximum in a predetermined cutting direction, the method including: a first section shaping step of shaping a first section having a length in a first direction shorter than the first length by laminating a shaping material; a first section cutting step of cutting the first section with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the first direction; a second section shaping step of shaping a second section having a length in a second direction shorter than the first length by laminating the shaping material, to connect to a first end surface of the first section in the first direction; and a second section cutting step of cutting the second section along the second direction with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the second direction. | 1. A method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object using a cutting tool configured to perform cutting at a first length at maximum in a predetermined cutting direction, the method comprising:
a first section shaping step of shaping a first section having a length in a first direction shorter than the first length by laminating a shaping material; a first section cutting step of cutting the first section with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the first direction; a second section shaping step of shaping a second section having a length in a second direction shorter than the first length by laminating the shaping material, to connect to a first end surface of the first section in the first direction; and a second section cutting step of cutting the second section along the second direction with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the second direction. 2. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first direction and the second direction are the same direction. 3. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first direction and the second direction are different directions. 4. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of a combined length of the first section and the second section in the first direction and a combined length of the first section and the second section in the second direction is longer than the first length. 5. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
an inclination angle of the first end surface of the first section with respect to a stage, on which the shaping material is laminated, is smaller than an inclination angle of a side surface of a nozzle, from which the shaping material is discharged, with respect to the stage. 6. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heating step of heating the first end surface of the first section before the second section shaping step. 7. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first section includes a rising portion that is shaped in contact with a stage and that is for securing a distance between the stage and a cutting margin to be cut in the first section cutting step for the first section. | Provided is a method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object using a cutting tool configured to perform cutting at a first length at maximum in a predetermined cutting direction, the method including: a first section shaping step of shaping a first section having a length in a first direction shorter than the first length by laminating a shaping material; a first section cutting step of cutting the first section with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the first direction; a second section shaping step of shaping a second section having a length in a second direction shorter than the first length by laminating the shaping material, to connect to a first end surface of the first section in the first direction; and a second section cutting step of cutting the second section along the second direction with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the second direction.1. A method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object using a cutting tool configured to perform cutting at a first length at maximum in a predetermined cutting direction, the method comprising:
a first section shaping step of shaping a first section having a length in a first direction shorter than the first length by laminating a shaping material; a first section cutting step of cutting the first section with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the first direction; a second section shaping step of shaping a second section having a length in a second direction shorter than the first length by laminating the shaping material, to connect to a first end surface of the first section in the first direction; and a second section cutting step of cutting the second section along the second direction with the cutting tool having a cutting direction along the second direction. 2. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first direction and the second direction are the same direction. 3. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first direction and the second direction are different directions. 4. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of a combined length of the first section and the second section in the first direction and a combined length of the first section and the second section in the second direction is longer than the first length. 5. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
an inclination angle of the first end surface of the first section with respect to a stage, on which the shaping material is laminated, is smaller than an inclination angle of a side surface of a nozzle, from which the shaping material is discharged, with respect to the stage. 6. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, further comprising:
a heating step of heating the first end surface of the first section before the second section shaping step. 7. The method for shaping a three-dimensional shaped object according to claim 1, wherein
the first section includes a rising portion that is shaped in contact with a stage and that is for securing a distance between the stage and a cutting margin to be cut in the first section cutting step for the first section. | 1,700 |
341,721 | 16,802,080 | 1,754 | In some embodiments, a method of forming a bonded assembly includes: providing a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; positioning an adhesive on at least one of the first surface of the first object and a second surface on a second object; positioning the first surface of the first object on the second surface of the second object with the adhesive between the first and second surfaces; and curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly. | 1. A method of forming a bonded assembly, the method comprising:
providing a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; positioning an adhesive on at least one of the first surface of the first object and a second surface on a second object; positioning the first surface of the first object on the second surface of the second object with the adhesive between the first and second surfaces; and curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying pressure such that the adhesive flows into the plurality of locking orifices prior to curing the adhesive. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the adhesive flows into the cavity extending in the first object. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a cross section of the cavity is greater than a cross section of the opening of the plurality of locking orifices. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of locking cavities comprises a channel connecting the opening to the cavity, wherein a cross section of the cavity is greater than a cross section of the channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of polymer adhesives, epoxy adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone adhesives and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object is a partially cured object, and wherein curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly further comprises further curing the first object. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the bonded assembly comprises a dual-material cushion with the first object comprising a 3D printed lattice structure and the second object comprising foam. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dual-material padding comprising the first and second object is sized and configured to provide cushioning material for a helmet. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object of the assembly comprises a protective layer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the protective layer comprises a protective bumper or padding. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises a cushioning lattice structure and the second object comprises a base. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the base comprises a bike handle grip, a bike seat or a grip cushion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object is a shoe midsole and the second object is a shoe upper or a shoe sole. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises first and second opposing sides, and the plurality of locking orifices is on a first side of the first object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of locking orifices is further on the second side of the first object, the method further comprising positioning the adhesive on at least one of the second side of the first object and a third surface on a third object such that the adhesive is cured between the first object and the third object to provide the bonded assembly. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises a three-dimensional printed object. 18. A bonded assembly comprising:
a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; a second object comprising a second surface; an adhesive between the first and second surfaces, the adhesive extending in the plurality of locking orifices. 19. The bonded assembly of claim 18, wherein the adhesive comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of polymer adhesives, epoxy adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone adhesives and combinations thereof. | In some embodiments, a method of forming a bonded assembly includes: providing a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; positioning an adhesive on at least one of the first surface of the first object and a second surface on a second object; positioning the first surface of the first object on the second surface of the second object with the adhesive between the first and second surfaces; and curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly.1. A method of forming a bonded assembly, the method comprising:
providing a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; positioning an adhesive on at least one of the first surface of the first object and a second surface on a second object; positioning the first surface of the first object on the second surface of the second object with the adhesive between the first and second surfaces; and curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying pressure such that the adhesive flows into the plurality of locking orifices prior to curing the adhesive. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the adhesive flows into the cavity extending in the first object. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a cross section of the cavity is greater than a cross section of the opening of the plurality of locking orifices. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of locking cavities comprises a channel connecting the opening to the cavity, wherein a cross section of the cavity is greater than a cross section of the channel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of polymer adhesives, epoxy adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone adhesives and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object is a partially cured object, and wherein curing the adhesive to form the bonded assembly further comprises further curing the first object. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the bonded assembly comprises a dual-material cushion with the first object comprising a 3D printed lattice structure and the second object comprising foam. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dual-material padding comprising the first and second object is sized and configured to provide cushioning material for a helmet. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object of the assembly comprises a protective layer. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the protective layer comprises a protective bumper or padding. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises a cushioning lattice structure and the second object comprises a base. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the base comprises a bike handle grip, a bike seat or a grip cushion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object is a shoe midsole and the second object is a shoe upper or a shoe sole. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises first and second opposing sides, and the plurality of locking orifices is on a first side of the first object. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the plurality of locking orifices is further on the second side of the first object, the method further comprising positioning the adhesive on at least one of the second side of the first object and a third surface on a third object such that the adhesive is cured between the first object and the third object to provide the bonded assembly. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object comprises a three-dimensional printed object. 18. A bonded assembly comprising:
a first object comprising a first surface having a plurality of locking orifices formed therein, each of the plurality of locking orifices including an opening on the surface of the object and a cavity extending in the first object; a second object comprising a second surface; an adhesive between the first and second surfaces, the adhesive extending in the plurality of locking orifices. 19. The bonded assembly of claim 18, wherein the adhesive comprises an adhesive selected from the group consisting of polymer adhesives, epoxy adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, silicone adhesives and combinations thereof. | 1,700 |
341,722 | 16,802,067 | 1,754 | In various embodiments, the present disclosure relates generally to gaming systems and methods that provide a first game sequence including an accumulation of designated symbols during a plurality of sequential plays of one or more of a plurality of different games of the first game sequence. In various embodiments, the gaming system determines which of the plurality of different games are employed for each play of a game of the first game sequence based on the quantity of accumulated symbols for that first game sequence prior to the start of that game play. | 1. A gaming system comprising:
a processor; and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
cause a display, by a display device, of a first game sequence comprising a plurality of plays of a plurality of different games;
accumulate any designated symbols that are generated and displayed during the displayed first game sequence, wherein for each of the plurality of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence, which of the different games is played depends of a quantity of the designated symbols accumulated during the first game sequence prior to a start of that play;
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the plays of the different games of the first game sequence;
responsive to an accumulation of a designated quantity of the designated symbols, cause a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 2. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein a first game and a second game of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence have different probabilities of generating any of the designated symbols. 3. The gaming system of claim 2, wherein the second game has a higher probability of generating any of the designated symbols than the first game, the second game is associated with a greater accumulated quantity of designated symbols than the first game, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to the greater quantity of designated symbols being accumulated, cause the processor to cause a display, by the display device, of a play of the second game for the first game sequence. 4. The gaming system of claim 2, where the second game comprises a modification of the first game. 5. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein two of the different games have different likelihoods of generating any of the designated symbols and have a same average expected payout. 6. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein responsive to an occurrence of a reset event, the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to reset the quantity of accumulated designated symbols for the first game sequence and reset which of the plurality of different games will be employed for a subsequent play of the first game sequence. 7. The gaming system of claim 5, wherein the reset event comprises less than a minimum quantity of designated symbols being accumulated in a designated quantity of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence. 8. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to cause a display, by the display device, of the second game sequence comprising an accumulation of additional designated symbols. 9. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising an acceptor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, responsive to a physical item being received via the acceptor, establish a credit balance based on a monetary value associated with the received physical item, and responsive to a cashout input being received, cause an initiation of any payout associated with the credit balance. 10. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises part of a mobile device. 11. A gaming system comprising:
a processor; and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
responsive to a first occurrence of a game triggering event:
cause a display, by a display device, of a first play of a first game comprising a display of a first set of symbols generated from a plurality of different symbols, the plurality of different symbols comprising a plurality of designated symbols,
determine any awards for the first play of the first game based on the first set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the first game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the first game;
responsive to a second occurrence of the game triggering event:
responsive to less than a first designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated from the first play of the first game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a second play of the first game comprising a display of a second set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols,
determine any awards for the second play of the first game based on the second set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second play of the first game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the second play of the first game; and
responsive to the first designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated from the first play of the first game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a first play of a second game comprising a display of a third set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols, wherein the first play of the second game has a greater likelihood of displaying any of the designated symbols than the second play of the first game,
determine any awards for the first play of the second game based on the third set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the second game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the second game; and
responsive to an occurrence of an accumulation of a second game triggering designated quantity of the designated symbols:
cause a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 12. The gaming system of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to a third occurrence of the game triggering event, cause the processor to:
responsive to a second designated quantity of the designated symbols greater than the first designated quantity of the designated being accumulated after the first play of the second game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a first play of a third game comprising a display of a fourth set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols, wherein the first play of the third game has a greater likelihood of displaying any of the designated symbols than the first play of the second game,
determine any awards for the first play of the third game;
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the third game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the third game. 13. The gaming system of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to a subsequent occurrence of the game triggering event and responsive to less than a designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated, cause the processor to reset the quantity of accumulated designated symbols. 14. The gaming system of claim 11, further comprising an acceptor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, responsive to a physical item being received via the acceptor, establish a credit balance based on a monetary value associated with the received physical item, and responsive to a cashout input being received, cause an initiation of any payout associated with the credit balance. 15. A method of operating a gaming system, said method comprising:
causing a display, by a display device, of a first game sequence comprising a plurality of plays of a plurality of different games; accumulating, by a processor, any designated symbols that are generated and displayed during the displayed first game sequence, wherein for each of the plurality of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence, which of the different games is played depends of a quantity of the designated symbols accumulated during the first game sequence prior to a start of that play; causing a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the plays of the different games of the first game sequence; responsive to an accumulation of a designated quantity of the designated symbols, causing a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and causing a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein where a first game and a second game of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence have different probabilities of generating any of the designated symbols. 17. The method of claim 16, where the second game comprises a modification of the first game. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein each of the different games have different likelihoods of generating any of the designated symbols, and each of the plurality of different games has a same average expected payout. 19. The method of claim 15, which comprises, responsive to an occurrence of a reset event, resetting, by the processor, the quantity of accumulated designated symbols for the first game sequence. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the reset event comprises less than a minimum quantity of designated symbols being accumulated in a designated quantity of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence. | In various embodiments, the present disclosure relates generally to gaming systems and methods that provide a first game sequence including an accumulation of designated symbols during a plurality of sequential plays of one or more of a plurality of different games of the first game sequence. In various embodiments, the gaming system determines which of the plurality of different games are employed for each play of a game of the first game sequence based on the quantity of accumulated symbols for that first game sequence prior to the start of that game play.1. A gaming system comprising:
a processor; and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
cause a display, by a display device, of a first game sequence comprising a plurality of plays of a plurality of different games;
accumulate any designated symbols that are generated and displayed during the displayed first game sequence, wherein for each of the plurality of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence, which of the different games is played depends of a quantity of the designated symbols accumulated during the first game sequence prior to a start of that play;
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the plays of the different games of the first game sequence;
responsive to an accumulation of a designated quantity of the designated symbols, cause a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 2. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein a first game and a second game of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence have different probabilities of generating any of the designated symbols. 3. The gaming system of claim 2, wherein the second game has a higher probability of generating any of the designated symbols than the first game, the second game is associated with a greater accumulated quantity of designated symbols than the first game, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to the greater quantity of designated symbols being accumulated, cause the processor to cause a display, by the display device, of a play of the second game for the first game sequence. 4. The gaming system of claim 2, where the second game comprises a modification of the first game. 5. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein two of the different games have different likelihoods of generating any of the designated symbols and have a same average expected payout. 6. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein responsive to an occurrence of a reset event, the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to reset the quantity of accumulated designated symbols for the first game sequence and reset which of the plurality of different games will be employed for a subsequent play of the first game sequence. 7. The gaming system of claim 5, wherein the reset event comprises less than a minimum quantity of designated symbols being accumulated in a designated quantity of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence. 8. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to cause a display, by the display device, of the second game sequence comprising an accumulation of additional designated symbols. 9. The gaming system of claim 1, further comprising an acceptor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, responsive to a physical item being received via the acceptor, establish a credit balance based on a monetary value associated with the received physical item, and responsive to a cashout input being received, cause an initiation of any payout associated with the credit balance. 10. The gaming system of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises part of a mobile device. 11. A gaming system comprising:
a processor; and a memory device that stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
responsive to a first occurrence of a game triggering event:
cause a display, by a display device, of a first play of a first game comprising a display of a first set of symbols generated from a plurality of different symbols, the plurality of different symbols comprising a plurality of designated symbols,
determine any awards for the first play of the first game based on the first set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the first game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the first game;
responsive to a second occurrence of the game triggering event:
responsive to less than a first designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated from the first play of the first game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a second play of the first game comprising a display of a second set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols,
determine any awards for the second play of the first game based on the second set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second play of the first game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the second play of the first game; and
responsive to the first designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated from the first play of the first game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a first play of a second game comprising a display of a third set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols, wherein the first play of the second game has a greater likelihood of displaying any of the designated symbols than the second play of the first game,
determine any awards for the first play of the second game based on the third set of symbols,
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the second game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the second game; and
responsive to an occurrence of an accumulation of a second game triggering designated quantity of the designated symbols:
cause a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 12. The gaming system of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to a third occurrence of the game triggering event, cause the processor to:
responsive to a second designated quantity of the designated symbols greater than the first designated quantity of the designated being accumulated after the first play of the second game:
cause a display, by the display device, of a first play of a third game comprising a display of a fourth set of symbols generated from the plurality of different symbols, wherein the first play of the third game has a greater likelihood of displaying any of the designated symbols than the first play of the second game,
determine any awards for the first play of the third game;
cause a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the first play of the third game, and
accumulate any of the displayed designated symbols from the first play of the third game. 13. The gaming system of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, responsive to a subsequent occurrence of the game triggering event and responsive to less than a designated quantity of the designated symbols being accumulated, cause the processor to reset the quantity of accumulated designated symbols. 14. The gaming system of claim 11, further comprising an acceptor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to, responsive to a physical item being received via the acceptor, establish a credit balance based on a monetary value associated with the received physical item, and responsive to a cashout input being received, cause an initiation of any payout associated with the credit balance. 15. A method of operating a gaming system, said method comprising:
causing a display, by a display device, of a first game sequence comprising a plurality of plays of a plurality of different games; accumulating, by a processor, any designated symbols that are generated and displayed during the displayed first game sequence, wherein for each of the plurality of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence, which of the different games is played depends of a quantity of the designated symbols accumulated during the first game sequence prior to a start of that play; causing a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the plays of the different games of the first game sequence; responsive to an accumulation of a designated quantity of the designated symbols, causing a display, by the display device, of a second game sequence that employs the accumulated designated quantity of designated symbols; and causing a display, by the display device, of any determined awards for the second game sequence. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein where a first game and a second game of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence have different probabilities of generating any of the designated symbols. 17. The method of claim 16, where the second game comprises a modification of the first game. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein each of the different games have different likelihoods of generating any of the designated symbols, and each of the plurality of different games has a same average expected payout. 19. The method of claim 15, which comprises, responsive to an occurrence of a reset event, resetting, by the processor, the quantity of accumulated designated symbols for the first game sequence. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the reset event comprises less than a minimum quantity of designated symbols being accumulated in a designated quantity of plays of the plurality of different games of the first game sequence. | 1,700 |
341,723 | 16,802,072 | 1,754 | A processor-implemented method is disclosed. The method includes: receiving, from a media data source, video data associated with a video; obtaining metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video; identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with the video based on the metadata; determining one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps; generating, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments; receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments; in response to receiving the first user input: generating supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and sending, to the client device, the supplementary display data. | 1. A computer system, comprising:
a communications module communicable with an external network; a memory; and a processor coupled to the communications module and the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, from a media data source, video data associated with a video;
obtain metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video;
identify one or more tradeable objects associated with video content of the video based on performing textual comparison between the text of the metadata and a list of tradeable objects that are associated with a portfolio;
determine one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps;
generate, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments;
receive, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments;
in response to receiving the first user input:
generate supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and
send, to the client device, the supplementary display data. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the supplementary display data comprises graphical user interface data associated with the first tradeable object for displaying on the client device. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein generating the supplementary display data comprises:
querying a database to retrieve data associated with the first tradeable object; and generating display data based on the retrieved data associated with the first tradeable object. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the text corresponds to at least one of audio or closed captioning text associated with the video content. 5. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the client device during playback of the video, a second user input selecting the user interface element; and in response to receiving the second user input, cause the client device to begin playing a video segment corresponding to the user interface element without generating the supplementary display data. 6. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to store, in the memory, identities of the tradeable objects in association with playback start timestamps of their corresponding video segments. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain supplementary display data associated with the identified tradeable objects; and store, in the memory, the obtained supplementary display data in association with the identities of the respective tradeable objects. 8. The computer system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
for at least one of the identified tradeable objects:
determine that current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object is different from supplementary display data stored in association with the at least one identified tradeable object; and
update the memory to store the current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object. 9. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to, during playback of the video, update display of one of the user interface elements which corresponds to a current playback position of the video. 10. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the one or more user interface elements are displayed, on the client device, concurrently with the video, the one or more user interface elements being displayed at positions corresponding to their respective playback start timestamps. 11. A processor-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, from a media data source, video data associated with a video; obtaining metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video; identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with video content of the video based on performing textual comparison between the text of the metadata and a list of tradeable objects that are associated with a portfolio; determining one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps; generating, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments; receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments; in response to receiving the first user input:
generating supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and
sending, to the client device, the supplementary display data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the supplementary display data comprises graphical user interface data associated with the first tradeable object for displaying on the client device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the supplementary display data comprises:
querying a database to retrieve data associated with the first tradeable object; and generating display data based on the retrieved data associated with the first tradeable object. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the text corresponds to at least one of audio or closed captioning text associated with the video content. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a second user input selecting the user interface element; and in response to receiving the second user input, causing the client device to begin playing a video segment corresponding to the user interface element without generating the supplementary display data. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising storing, in a memory, identities of the tradeable objects in association with playback start timestamps of their corresponding video segments. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
obtaining supplementary display data associated with the identified tradeable objects; and storing, in the memory, the obtained supplementary display data in association with the identities of the respective tradeable objects. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
for at least one of the identified tradeable objects:
determining that current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object is different from supplementary display data stored in association with the at least one identified tradeable object; and
updating the memory to store the current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising, during playback of the video, updating display of one of the user interface elements which corresponds to a current playback position of the video. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more user interface elements are displayed, on the client device, concurrently with the video, the one or more user interface elements being displayed at positions corresponding to their respective playback start timestamps. | A processor-implemented method is disclosed. The method includes: receiving, from a media data source, video data associated with a video; obtaining metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video; identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with the video based on the metadata; determining one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps; generating, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments; receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments; in response to receiving the first user input: generating supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and sending, to the client device, the supplementary display data.1. A computer system, comprising:
a communications module communicable with an external network; a memory; and a processor coupled to the communications module and the memory, the processor being configured to:
receive, from a media data source, video data associated with a video;
obtain metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video;
identify one or more tradeable objects associated with video content of the video based on performing textual comparison between the text of the metadata and a list of tradeable objects that are associated with a portfolio;
determine one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps;
generate, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments;
receive, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments;
in response to receiving the first user input:
generate supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and
send, to the client device, the supplementary display data. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the supplementary display data comprises graphical user interface data associated with the first tradeable object for displaying on the client device. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein generating the supplementary display data comprises:
querying a database to retrieve data associated with the first tradeable object; and generating display data based on the retrieved data associated with the first tradeable object. 4. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the text corresponds to at least one of audio or closed captioning text associated with the video content. 5. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the client device during playback of the video, a second user input selecting the user interface element; and in response to receiving the second user input, cause the client device to begin playing a video segment corresponding to the user interface element without generating the supplementary display data. 6. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to store, in the memory, identities of the tradeable objects in association with playback start timestamps of their corresponding video segments. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain supplementary display data associated with the identified tradeable objects; and store, in the memory, the obtained supplementary display data in association with the identities of the respective tradeable objects. 8. The computer system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
for at least one of the identified tradeable objects:
determine that current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object is different from supplementary display data stored in association with the at least one identified tradeable object; and
update the memory to store the current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object. 9. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to, during playback of the video, update display of one of the user interface elements which corresponds to a current playback position of the video. 10. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the one or more user interface elements are displayed, on the client device, concurrently with the video, the one or more user interface elements being displayed at positions corresponding to their respective playback start timestamps. 11. A processor-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, from a media data source, video data associated with a video; obtaining metadata from the received video data, the metadata including text associated with video content of the video; identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with video content of the video based on performing textual comparison between the text of the metadata and a list of tradeable objects that are associated with a portfolio; determining one or more segments of the video corresponding to the one or more identified tradeable objects, the one or more video segments having respective playback start timestamps; generating, for display on a client device, one or more user interface elements corresponding to the one or more video segments, the one or more user interface elements being selectable to initiate playback of the respective video segments; receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a first user input selecting a user interface element corresponding to a first one of the video segments; in response to receiving the first user input:
generating supplementary display data associated with a first tradeable object corresponding to the first video segment; and
sending, to the client device, the supplementary display data. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the supplementary display data comprises graphical user interface data associated with the first tradeable object for displaying on the client device. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the supplementary display data comprises:
querying a database to retrieve data associated with the first tradeable object; and generating display data based on the retrieved data associated with the first tradeable object. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the text corresponds to at least one of audio or closed captioning text associated with the video content. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, via the client device during playback of the video, a second user input selecting the user interface element; and in response to receiving the second user input, causing the client device to begin playing a video segment corresponding to the user interface element without generating the supplementary display data. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising storing, in a memory, identities of the tradeable objects in association with playback start timestamps of their corresponding video segments. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
obtaining supplementary display data associated with the identified tradeable objects; and storing, in the memory, the obtained supplementary display data in association with the identities of the respective tradeable objects. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
for at least one of the identified tradeable objects:
determining that current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object is different from supplementary display data stored in association with the at least one identified tradeable object; and
updating the memory to store the current data associated with the at least one identified tradeable object. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising, during playback of the video, updating display of one of the user interface elements which corresponds to a current playback position of the video. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more user interface elements are displayed, on the client device, concurrently with the video, the one or more user interface elements being displayed at positions corresponding to their respective playback start timestamps. | 1,700 |
341,724 | 16,802,071 | 1,754 | An acoustic wave device includes: a piezoelectric substrate: a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers; a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged; and an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. | 1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric substrate; a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers; a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged; and an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. 2. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval is a direction different from an arrangement direction of the electrode fingers. 3. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval is a direction different from an extension direction of the electrode fingers. 4. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval and a direction in which the constant interval between the protruding portions and/or the constant interval between the recessed portions is a second smallest constant interval are directions different from both an arrangement direction of the electrode fingers and an extension direction of the electrode fingers. 5. The acoustic wave device according to claim 2, wherein
the smallest constant interval among the constant interval between the protruding portions and/or the constant interval between the recessed portions is equal to or greater than ¼ times a pitch of the electrode fingers and less than 2 times the pitch of the electrode fingers. 6. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
the protruding portions, the recessed portions, or the protruding portions and the recessed portions are island-shaped. 7. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
the protruding portions, the recessed portions, or the protruding portions and the recessed portions extend in one direction of planar directions. 8. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, wherein
both of directions in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval are substantially parallel to respective side surfaces of the support substrate. 9. A filter comprising:
an acoustic wave device including:
a piezoelectric substrate,
a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers,
a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged, and
an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. 10. A multiplexer comprising:
a filter including an acoustic wave device, wherein the acoustic wave device includes:
a piezoelectric substrate,
a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers,
a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged, and
an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. | An acoustic wave device includes: a piezoelectric substrate: a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers; a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged; and an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions.1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric substrate; a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers; a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged; and an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. 2. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval is a direction different from an arrangement direction of the electrode fingers. 3. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval is a direction different from an extension direction of the electrode fingers. 4. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
a direction in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval and a direction in which the constant interval between the protruding portions and/or the constant interval between the recessed portions is a second smallest constant interval are directions different from both an arrangement direction of the electrode fingers and an extension direction of the electrode fingers. 5. The acoustic wave device according to claim 2, wherein
the smallest constant interval among the constant interval between the protruding portions and/or the constant interval between the recessed portions is equal to or greater than ¼ times a pitch of the electrode fingers and less than 2 times the pitch of the electrode fingers. 6. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
the protruding portions, the recessed portions, or the protruding portions and the recessed portions are island-shaped. 7. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein
the protruding portions, the recessed portions, or the protruding portions and the recessed portions extend in one direction of planar directions. 8. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, wherein
both of directions in which a constant interval between the protruding portions and/or a constant interval between the recessed portions is a smallest constant interval are substantially parallel to respective side surfaces of the support substrate. 9. A filter comprising:
an acoustic wave device including:
a piezoelectric substrate,
a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers,
a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged, and
an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. 10. A multiplexer comprising:
a filter including an acoustic wave device, wherein the acoustic wave device includes:
a piezoelectric substrate,
a pair of comb-shaped electrodes located on the piezoelectric substrate, each of the comb-shaped electrodes including a plurality of electrode fingers,
a support substrate having protruding portions and/or recessed portions in a region overlapping with the pair of comb-shaped electrodes in plan view, the protruding portions and/or recessed portions being regularly arranged, and
an insulating layer directly or indirectly bonded between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate, a boundary face between the insulating layer and the support substrate being provided along the protruding portions and/or the recessed portions. | 1,700 |
341,725 | 16,802,096 | 1,754 | A vehicle seat for a motor vehicle includes a seat bottom and a seatback displaceable relative to one another. A seat positioning system has an actuator for displacing one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback. The system further includes a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback. The system further includes a controller for generating an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold. The actuator displaces one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. | 1. A vehicle seat for a motor vehicle, the vehicle seat comprising:
a seat bottom; a seatback, with the seatback and the seat bottom being displaceable relative to one another along at least one of an angular direction and a linear direction; and a seat positioning system comprising:
an actuator for displacing one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback;
a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; and
a controller electrically coupled to the position sensor and the actuator, with the controller configured to:
compare the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the position sensor; and
generate an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold;
wherein the actuator displaces one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 2. The vehicle seat of claim 1 further comprising:
a seat belt associated with the vehicle seat, with the seat belt including a webbing, a tongue carried by the webbing, and a buckle releasably fastened to the tongue;
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a seat belt sensor for generating a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and tongue are engaged to one another;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the seat belt sensor, and the controller is configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 3. The vehicle seat of claim 2 wherein the seat belt sensor is configured to generate an unfastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and the tongue are disengaged from one another, wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the unfastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 4. The vehicle seat of claim 2 wherein the seat positioning system further includes a weight sensor coupled to one of the seat bottom and the seatback, with the weight sensor generating a load signal indicative of a load on the vehicle seat;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the weight sensor and configured to:
compare the load to a load threshold in response to the controller receiving the load signal from the weight sensor; and
generate the activation signal in further response to the controller determining that the load is above the load threshold. 5. The vehicle seat of claim 4 wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller determining that the load is below the load threshold. 6. The vehicle seat of claim 4 wherein the seat positioning system further includes a door condition sensor for generating a door closed signal in response to an associated vehicle door being disposed in a closed position;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the door condition sensor and configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the door closed signal from the door condition sensor. 7. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the door condition sensor is configured to generate a door ajar signal in response to the associated vehicle door being disposed in an opened position;
wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the door ajar signal from the door condition sensor. 8. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the seat bottom has front and rear ends with the rear end positioned adjacent to the seatback, and the seat bottom being angularly displaceable about the rear end, wherein the actuator angularly displaces the front end of the seat bottom toward the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 9. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the seat bottom is angularly spaced relative to a horizontal plane in response to the actuator angularly displacing the front end of the seat bottom toward the seatback. 10. The vehicle seat of claim 9 further comprising:
a thigh support member having forward and aft ends with the aft end connected to the forward end of the seat bottom, with the thigh support member being angularly displaceable about the aft end; and
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a motor for angularly displacing the forward end of the thigh support member toward the seat bottom in response to the motor receiving the activation signal from the controller. 11. The vehicle seat of claim 10 wherein the thigh support member is angularly spaced relative to a horizontal plane in response to the motor angularly displacing the forward end of the thigh support member toward the seat bottom. 12. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the actuator linearly displaces the seat bottom toward the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 13. A motor vehicle comprising:
a propulsion system disposable in an active state for propelling the motor vehicle and generating a running signal in response to the motor vehicle being disposed in the active state; and a vehicle seat comprising:
a seat bottom;
a seatback, with the seatback and the seat bottom being displaceable relative to one another; and
a seat positioning system comprising:
an actuator coupled to the seat bottom for displacing the seat bottom toward the seatback;
a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; and
a controller electrically coupled to the position sensor and the actuator, with the controller configured to:
compare the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the sensor; and
generate an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold and the controller receiving the running signal from the propulsion system;
wherein the actuator displaces the seat bottom toward the seatback, in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 14. The motor vehicle of claim 9 wherein the vehicle seat further includes a seat belt having a webbing, a tongue carried by the webbing, and a buckle releasably fastened to the tongue;
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a seat belt sensor for generating a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and tongue are engaged to one another;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the seat belt sensor, and the controller is configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 15. The motor vehicle of claim 14 wherein the propulsion system is configured to generate an inactive signal indicative of the motor vehicle being at least one of parked and turned off, and the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the inactive signal from the propulsion system. 16. A method for operating a vehicle seat for a motor vehicle, with the vehicle seat having a seatback and a seat bottom displaceable relative to one another, and the vehicle seat further including an actuator, a sensor, and a controller electrically coupled to the actuator and the sensor, the method comprising:
displacing at least one of the seat bottom and the seatback along at least one of an angular direction and a linear direction; generating, using the position sensor, a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; comparing, using the controller, the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the position sensor; generating, using the controller, an activation signal in response to determining that the position is above the position threshold; and displacing, using the actuator, one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback, in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
generating, using a seat belt sensor, a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that a buckle and a tongue for the vehicle seat are engaged to one another;
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
generating, using a weight sensor, a load signal indicative of a load on the vehicle seat;
comparing, using the controller, the load to a load threshold in response to the controller receiving the load signal from the weight sensor; and
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in further response to the controller determining that the load is above the load threshold. 19. The vehicle seat of claim 18 further comprising:
generating, using a door condition sensor, a door closed signal in response to an associated vehicle door being disposed in a closed position; and
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the door closed signal from the door condition sensor. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
generating, using the seat belt sensor, an unfastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that a buckle and a tongue are disengaged from one another;
determining, using the controller, that the load is below the load threshold;
generating, using the door condition sensor, a door ajar signal in response to the associated vehicle door being disposed in an opened position; and
wherein the controller does not generate the activation signal in response to at least one of:
the controller receiving the unfastened signal from the seat belt sensor;
the controller determining that the load is below the load threshold;
the controller receiving the door ajar signal from the door condition sensor; and
the controller receiving an inactive signal from a propulsion system. | A vehicle seat for a motor vehicle includes a seat bottom and a seatback displaceable relative to one another. A seat positioning system has an actuator for displacing one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback. The system further includes a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback. The system further includes a controller for generating an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold. The actuator displaces one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller.1. A vehicle seat for a motor vehicle, the vehicle seat comprising:
a seat bottom; a seatback, with the seatback and the seat bottom being displaceable relative to one another along at least one of an angular direction and a linear direction; and a seat positioning system comprising:
an actuator for displacing one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback;
a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; and
a controller electrically coupled to the position sensor and the actuator, with the controller configured to:
compare the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the position sensor; and
generate an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold;
wherein the actuator displaces one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 2. The vehicle seat of claim 1 further comprising:
a seat belt associated with the vehicle seat, with the seat belt including a webbing, a tongue carried by the webbing, and a buckle releasably fastened to the tongue;
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a seat belt sensor for generating a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and tongue are engaged to one another;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the seat belt sensor, and the controller is configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 3. The vehicle seat of claim 2 wherein the seat belt sensor is configured to generate an unfastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and the tongue are disengaged from one another, wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the unfastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 4. The vehicle seat of claim 2 wherein the seat positioning system further includes a weight sensor coupled to one of the seat bottom and the seatback, with the weight sensor generating a load signal indicative of a load on the vehicle seat;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the weight sensor and configured to:
compare the load to a load threshold in response to the controller receiving the load signal from the weight sensor; and
generate the activation signal in further response to the controller determining that the load is above the load threshold. 5. The vehicle seat of claim 4 wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller determining that the load is below the load threshold. 6. The vehicle seat of claim 4 wherein the seat positioning system further includes a door condition sensor for generating a door closed signal in response to an associated vehicle door being disposed in a closed position;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the door condition sensor and configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the door closed signal from the door condition sensor. 7. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the door condition sensor is configured to generate a door ajar signal in response to the associated vehicle door being disposed in an opened position;
wherein the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the door ajar signal from the door condition sensor. 8. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the seat bottom has front and rear ends with the rear end positioned adjacent to the seatback, and the seat bottom being angularly displaceable about the rear end, wherein the actuator angularly displaces the front end of the seat bottom toward the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 9. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the seat bottom is angularly spaced relative to a horizontal plane in response to the actuator angularly displacing the front end of the seat bottom toward the seatback. 10. The vehicle seat of claim 9 further comprising:
a thigh support member having forward and aft ends with the aft end connected to the forward end of the seat bottom, with the thigh support member being angularly displaceable about the aft end; and
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a motor for angularly displacing the forward end of the thigh support member toward the seat bottom in response to the motor receiving the activation signal from the controller. 11. The vehicle seat of claim 10 wherein the thigh support member is angularly spaced relative to a horizontal plane in response to the motor angularly displacing the forward end of the thigh support member toward the seat bottom. 12. The vehicle seat of claim 6 wherein the actuator linearly displaces the seat bottom toward the seatback in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 13. A motor vehicle comprising:
a propulsion system disposable in an active state for propelling the motor vehicle and generating a running signal in response to the motor vehicle being disposed in the active state; and a vehicle seat comprising:
a seat bottom;
a seatback, with the seatback and the seat bottom being displaceable relative to one another; and
a seat positioning system comprising:
an actuator coupled to the seat bottom for displacing the seat bottom toward the seatback;
a position sensor for generating a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; and
a controller electrically coupled to the position sensor and the actuator, with the controller configured to:
compare the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the sensor; and
generate an activation signal in response to the controller determining that the position is above the position threshold and the controller receiving the running signal from the propulsion system;
wherein the actuator displaces the seat bottom toward the seatback, in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 14. The motor vehicle of claim 9 wherein the vehicle seat further includes a seat belt having a webbing, a tongue carried by the webbing, and a buckle releasably fastened to the tongue;
wherein the seat positioning system further includes a seat belt sensor for generating a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that the buckle and tongue are engaged to one another;
wherein the controller is electrically coupled to the seat belt sensor, and the controller is configured to generate the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 15. The motor vehicle of claim 14 wherein the propulsion system is configured to generate an inactive signal indicative of the motor vehicle being at least one of parked and turned off, and the controller is configured to not generate the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the inactive signal from the propulsion system. 16. A method for operating a vehicle seat for a motor vehicle, with the vehicle seat having a seatback and a seat bottom displaceable relative to one another, and the vehicle seat further including an actuator, a sensor, and a controller electrically coupled to the actuator and the sensor, the method comprising:
displacing at least one of the seat bottom and the seatback along at least one of an angular direction and a linear direction; generating, using the position sensor, a seat position signal indicative of a position of one of the seat bottom and the seatback relative to the other of the seat bottom and the seatback; comparing, using the controller, the position to a position threshold in response to the controller receiving the seat position signal from the position sensor; generating, using the controller, an activation signal in response to determining that the position is above the position threshold; and displacing, using the actuator, one of the seat bottom and the seatback toward the other of the seat bottom and the seatback, in response to the actuator receiving the activation signal from the controller. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
generating, using a seat belt sensor, a fastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that a buckle and a tongue for the vehicle seat are engaged to one another;
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in further response to the controller receiving the fastened signal from the seat belt sensor. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
generating, using a weight sensor, a load signal indicative of a load on the vehicle seat;
comparing, using the controller, the load to a load threshold in response to the controller receiving the load signal from the weight sensor; and
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in further response to the controller determining that the load is above the load threshold. 19. The vehicle seat of claim 18 further comprising:
generating, using a door condition sensor, a door closed signal in response to an associated vehicle door being disposed in a closed position; and
generating, using the controller, the activation signal in response to the controller receiving the door closed signal from the door condition sensor. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
generating, using the seat belt sensor, an unfastened signal in response to the seat belt sensor detecting that a buckle and a tongue are disengaged from one another;
determining, using the controller, that the load is below the load threshold;
generating, using the door condition sensor, a door ajar signal in response to the associated vehicle door being disposed in an opened position; and
wherein the controller does not generate the activation signal in response to at least one of:
the controller receiving the unfastened signal from the seat belt sensor;
the controller determining that the load is below the load threshold;
the controller receiving the door ajar signal from the door condition sensor; and
the controller receiving an inactive signal from a propulsion system. | 1,700 |
341,726 | 16,802,088 | 1,754 | This invention relates to a method for providing a complex content including an advertisement content and a portable storage medium therefor. The method of providing a complex content including an advertisement content comprises: transmitting a decoding request signal to a server providing a decoding information for playing a multimedia content stored in the portable storage medium according to connecting the portable storage medium, receiving the decoding information for playing from the server, manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content corresponding to the multimedia content, and playing a complex content generated by manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content. | 1. A method for providing a complex content including an advertisement content operating in a computing device connected to a portable storage medium comprising:
transmitting a decoding request signal to a server providing a decoding information for playing a multimedia content stored in the portable storage medium according to connecting the portable storage medium; receiving the decoding information for playing from the server; manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content corresponding to the multimedia content; and playing a complex content generated by manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content. | This invention relates to a method for providing a complex content including an advertisement content and a portable storage medium therefor. The method of providing a complex content including an advertisement content comprises: transmitting a decoding request signal to a server providing a decoding information for playing a multimedia content stored in the portable storage medium according to connecting the portable storage medium, receiving the decoding information for playing from the server, manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content corresponding to the multimedia content, and playing a complex content generated by manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content.1. A method for providing a complex content including an advertisement content operating in a computing device connected to a portable storage medium comprising:
transmitting a decoding request signal to a server providing a decoding information for playing a multimedia content stored in the portable storage medium according to connecting the portable storage medium; receiving the decoding information for playing from the server; manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content corresponding to the multimedia content; and playing a complex content generated by manipulating the multimedia content and the advertisement content. | 1,700 |
341,727 | 16,802,108 | 1,754 | An apparatus for managing power of an electric vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The apparatus determines whether a user participates in a leisure activity based on surrounding information of the electric vehicle, and supplies power when a plug is connected to an outlet provided in the electric vehicle while entering a leisure mode to allow the user to use the outlet during leisure activities. The apparatus includes an information collector that collects surrounding information of the electronic vehicle, and a controller that determines whether a user is performing a leisure activity based on the surrounding information of the electric vehicle collected by the information collector and adjusts power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the user is performing a leisure activity. | 1. An apparatus for managing power of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an information collector configured to collect surrounding information of the electric vehicle; and a controller configured to determine whether a leisure activity is being performed by a user based on the surrounding information of the electric vehicle collected by the information collector, and adjust power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the leisure activity is being performed. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet is mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when a driver seat door is opened and the outlet is plugged in in the leisure mode. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is being supplied to the outlet. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when a passenger seat door or a rear seat door is opened in the leisure mode, indoor authentication of a smart key possessed by the user is completed, and the outlet is plugged in. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is supplied to the outlet. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet is mounted on an outside of the electric vehicle. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when the outlet is plugged in and a permission signal is received from an input button mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is being supplied to the outlet. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 19. A method of managing power of an electric vehicle, comprising:
collecting, by a controller, surrounding information of the electric vehicle; determining, by the controller, whether a leisure activity is being performed by a user based on the collected surrounding information of the electric vehicle; and adjusting, by the controller, power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the leisure activity is being performed. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the adjusting the power includes:
supplying, by the controller, the power to an outlet mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle when a driver seat door is opened and the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle is plugged in in the leisure mode; supplying, by the controller, the power to the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle when a passenger seat door or a rear seat door is opened in the leisure mode, indoor authentication of a smart key possessed by the user is completed, and the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle is plugged in; and supplying, by the controller, the power to an outlet mounted on an outside of the electric vehicle when the outlet mounted on the outside of the electric vehicle is plugged in and a permission signal is received from an input button mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle. | An apparatus for managing power of an electric vehicle and a method thereof are provided. The apparatus determines whether a user participates in a leisure activity based on surrounding information of the electric vehicle, and supplies power when a plug is connected to an outlet provided in the electric vehicle while entering a leisure mode to allow the user to use the outlet during leisure activities. The apparatus includes an information collector that collects surrounding information of the electronic vehicle, and a controller that determines whether a user is performing a leisure activity based on the surrounding information of the electric vehicle collected by the information collector and adjusts power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the user is performing a leisure activity.1. An apparatus for managing power of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an information collector configured to collect surrounding information of the electric vehicle; and a controller configured to determine whether a leisure activity is being performed by a user based on the surrounding information of the electric vehicle collected by the information collector, and adjust power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the leisure activity is being performed. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet is mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when a driver seat door is opened and the outlet is plugged in in the leisure mode. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is being supplied to the outlet. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when a passenger seat door or a rear seat door is opened in the leisure mode, indoor authentication of a smart key possessed by the user is completed, and the outlet is plugged in. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is supplied to the outlet. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet is mounted on an outside of the electric vehicle. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to supply the power to the outlet when the outlet is plugged in and a permission signal is received from an input button mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power is being supplied to the outlet. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to block the power supply in response to determining that a drivable distance of the electric vehicle is less than a distance to a nearest charging station while the power is supplied to the outlet. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to output a notification to the user indicating that the power supplied to the outlet is blocked. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to stop the power supply in response to receiving a blocking signal from a smart key. 19. A method of managing power of an electric vehicle, comprising:
collecting, by a controller, surrounding information of the electric vehicle; determining, by the controller, whether a leisure activity is being performed by a user based on the collected surrounding information of the electric vehicle; and adjusting, by the controller, power supply based on whether an outlet provided in the electric vehicle is plugged in in a leisure mode indicating that the leisure activity is being performed. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the adjusting the power includes:
supplying, by the controller, the power to an outlet mounted on an inside of the electric vehicle when a driver seat door is opened and the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle is plugged in in the leisure mode; supplying, by the controller, the power to the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle when a passenger seat door or a rear seat door is opened in the leisure mode, indoor authentication of a smart key possessed by the user is completed, and the outlet mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle is plugged in; and supplying, by the controller, the power to an outlet mounted on an outside of the electric vehicle when the outlet mounted on the outside of the electric vehicle is plugged in and a permission signal is received from an input button mounted on the inside of the electric vehicle. | 1,700 |
341,728 | 16,802,098 | 1,754 | This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for a digital-to-analog (DAC) converter, that can be part of a variable capacitor and/or a match network. The DAC can include a digital input, an analog output, N contributors (e.g., switched capacitors), and an interconnect topology connecting the N contributors, generating a sum of their contributions (e.g., sum of capacitances), and providing the sum to the analog output. The N contributors can form a sub-binary sequence when their contributions to the sum are ordered by average contribution. Also, the gap size between a maximum contribution of one contributor, and a minimum contribution of a subsequent contributor, is less than D, where D is less than or equal to two time a maximum contribution of the first or smallest of the N contributors. | 1. A digital to analog converter comprising:
a digital input; N contributors each having an on and an off state that is controlled by the digital input; an interconnect network coupled to each of the N contributors and an analog output, wherein the interconnect network is configured to provide a sum of contributions of the N contributors to the analog output, wherein for each of the N contributors:
a contribution of one of the N contributors is a change in the analog output when the state of the one of the N contributors is changed from off to on and all remaining N−1 contributors' states remain the same;
the contribution of at least one of the N contributors varies as the analog output is varied and a ratio of a maximum to a minimum of the contribution of the at least one of the N contributors is at least 1.1;
wherein the N contributors are ordered from smallest to largest average contribution to form an ordering,
wherein a gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum of a contribution of a first of the N contributors, and
for k ranging from two to N, a maximum contribution of a kth contributor is less than or equal to D plus a sum of minimum contributions of contributor 1 through contributor k−1. 2. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein the average contribution of the at least one of the N contributors is a square root of a product of a maximum and a minimum contribution of the at least one of the N contributor. 3. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are four or more fractional contributors; a first ratio of an average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor three in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a second ratio of the average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 6. 4. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are five or more fractional contributors; a third ratio of an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a fourth ratio of an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 12. 5. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are six or more fractional contributors; a fifth ratio of an average contribution of contributor six in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a sixth ratio of the average contribution of contributor six in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 20. 6. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein the analog output has a monotonic relationship to the digital input and a largest gap size in the analog output per increment of the digital input, is less than D. 7. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, in which the analog output value is the capacitance of a variable capacitor. 8. The digital to analog converter of claim 7, in which the contributors are capacitors in series with switches. 9. The digital to analog converter of claim 8, in which the switches are PIN diodes. 10. A match network comprising one or more variable capacitors, each of the one or more variable capacitors comprising:
a digital input; N switched capacitors each having an on and an off state that is controlled by the digital input and an output; an interconnect network coupled to each of the N switched capacitors, wherein the interconnect network is configured to provide a sum of the contributions of the N switched capacitors to a capacitance of the variable capacitor between terminals of the output; wherein for each one of the N switched capacitors:
a contribution of one of the N switched capacitors is a change in the variable capacitor capacitance when a state of the one of the switched capacitors is switched from off to on and all remaining N−1 switched capacitors' states remain the same, and
the contribution of at least one of the switched capacitors varies across a range based on the states of the remaining N−1 switched capacitors;
wherein the N switched capacitors are ordered from smallest to largest via an average of each switched capacitors' range of contributions to the variable capacitor capacitance,
wherein a gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum of a contribution of a first of the N switched capacitors, and
for k ranging from two to N, a maximum contribution of a kth switched capacitor is less than or equal to D plus a sum of minimum contributions of switched capacitor 1 through switched capacitor k−1. 11. The match network of claim 10, wherein the range of the contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors is such that the ratio of the maximum contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors to the minimum contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors is at least 1.1. 12. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a first ratio of an average contribution of a fourth one of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a third one of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a second ratio of the average contribution of the fourth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 6. 13. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a third ratio of an average contribution of a fifth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a fourth of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a fourth ratio of an average contribution of the fifth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 12. 14. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a fifth ratio of an average contribution of a sixth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a fifth of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a sixth ratio of the average contribution of the sixth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 20. 15. The match network of claim 10, wherein the variable capacitor capacitance has a monotonic relationship to the digital input and a largest gap size in the variable capacitor capacitance per increment of the digital input, is less than D. 16. A method of forming a variable capacitor, the method comprising:
providing a digital input; providing N switched capacitors coupled to each other via an interconnect topology; providing an analog output, from the interconnect topology as a sum of capacitance contributions of the N switched capacitors; and selecting the N capacitors to form a sub-binary sequence, where a maximum contribution of a kth switched capacitor is less than or equal to a gap size, D, plus a sum of minimum contributions of a first to a (k−1)th switched capacitor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum contribution of a first of the N switched capacitors. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the N switched capacitors has a range of contributions to the sum of capacitance contributions and for at least one of the N switched capacitors this range is such that a ratio of a maximum to a minimum contribution of the at least one of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.1. | This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for a digital-to-analog (DAC) converter, that can be part of a variable capacitor and/or a match network. The DAC can include a digital input, an analog output, N contributors (e.g., switched capacitors), and an interconnect topology connecting the N contributors, generating a sum of their contributions (e.g., sum of capacitances), and providing the sum to the analog output. The N contributors can form a sub-binary sequence when their contributions to the sum are ordered by average contribution. Also, the gap size between a maximum contribution of one contributor, and a minimum contribution of a subsequent contributor, is less than D, where D is less than or equal to two time a maximum contribution of the first or smallest of the N contributors.1. A digital to analog converter comprising:
a digital input; N contributors each having an on and an off state that is controlled by the digital input; an interconnect network coupled to each of the N contributors and an analog output, wherein the interconnect network is configured to provide a sum of contributions of the N contributors to the analog output, wherein for each of the N contributors:
a contribution of one of the N contributors is a change in the analog output when the state of the one of the N contributors is changed from off to on and all remaining N−1 contributors' states remain the same;
the contribution of at least one of the N contributors varies as the analog output is varied and a ratio of a maximum to a minimum of the contribution of the at least one of the N contributors is at least 1.1;
wherein the N contributors are ordered from smallest to largest average contribution to form an ordering,
wherein a gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum of a contribution of a first of the N contributors, and
for k ranging from two to N, a maximum contribution of a kth contributor is less than or equal to D plus a sum of minimum contributions of contributor 1 through contributor k−1. 2. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein the average contribution of the at least one of the N contributors is a square root of a product of a maximum and a minimum contribution of the at least one of the N contributor. 3. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are four or more fractional contributors; a first ratio of an average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor three in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a second ratio of the average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 6. 4. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are five or more fractional contributors; a third ratio of an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor four in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a fourth ratio of an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 12. 5. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein:
there are six or more fractional contributors; a fifth ratio of an average contribution of contributor six in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of contributor five in the ordering of the N contributors is at least 1.2; and a sixth ratio of the average contribution of contributor six in the ordering of the N contributors over an average contribution of the first contributor in the ordering of the N contributors is less than 20. 6. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, wherein the analog output has a monotonic relationship to the digital input and a largest gap size in the analog output per increment of the digital input, is less than D. 7. The digital to analog converter of claim 1, in which the analog output value is the capacitance of a variable capacitor. 8. The digital to analog converter of claim 7, in which the contributors are capacitors in series with switches. 9. The digital to analog converter of claim 8, in which the switches are PIN diodes. 10. A match network comprising one or more variable capacitors, each of the one or more variable capacitors comprising:
a digital input; N switched capacitors each having an on and an off state that is controlled by the digital input and an output; an interconnect network coupled to each of the N switched capacitors, wherein the interconnect network is configured to provide a sum of the contributions of the N switched capacitors to a capacitance of the variable capacitor between terminals of the output; wherein for each one of the N switched capacitors:
a contribution of one of the N switched capacitors is a change in the variable capacitor capacitance when a state of the one of the switched capacitors is switched from off to on and all remaining N−1 switched capacitors' states remain the same, and
the contribution of at least one of the switched capacitors varies across a range based on the states of the remaining N−1 switched capacitors;
wherein the N switched capacitors are ordered from smallest to largest via an average of each switched capacitors' range of contributions to the variable capacitor capacitance,
wherein a gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum of a contribution of a first of the N switched capacitors, and
for k ranging from two to N, a maximum contribution of a kth switched capacitor is less than or equal to D plus a sum of minimum contributions of switched capacitor 1 through switched capacitor k−1. 11. The match network of claim 10, wherein the range of the contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors is such that the ratio of the maximum contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors to the minimum contribution of the at least one of the switched capacitors is at least 1.1. 12. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a first ratio of an average contribution of a fourth one of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a third one of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a second ratio of the average contribution of the fourth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 6. 13. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a third ratio of an average contribution of a fifth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a fourth of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a fourth ratio of an average contribution of the fifth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 12. 14. The match network of claim 10, wherein:
a fifth ratio of an average contribution of a sixth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of a fifth of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.2; and a sixth ratio of the average contribution of the sixth of the N switched capacitors over an average contribution of the first of the N switched capacitors is less than 20. 15. The match network of claim 10, wherein the variable capacitor capacitance has a monotonic relationship to the digital input and a largest gap size in the variable capacitor capacitance per increment of the digital input, is less than D. 16. A method of forming a variable capacitor, the method comprising:
providing a digital input; providing N switched capacitors coupled to each other via an interconnect topology; providing an analog output, from the interconnect topology as a sum of capacitance contributions of the N switched capacitors; and selecting the N capacitors to form a sub-binary sequence, where a maximum contribution of a kth switched capacitor is less than or equal to a gap size, D, plus a sum of minimum contributions of a first to a (k−1)th switched capacitor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the gap size, D, is less than or equal to two times a maximum contribution of a first of the N switched capacitors. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the N switched capacitors has a range of contributions to the sum of capacitance contributions and for at least one of the N switched capacitors this range is such that a ratio of a maximum to a minimum contribution of the at least one of the N switched capacitors is at least 1.1. | 1,700 |
341,729 | 16,802,087 | 1,754 | A backup orchestrator for providing backup services to entities includes storage for storing backup windows during which backup storages are predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and a backup manager that identifies an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event: matches workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window of the backup windows that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages; and generates the backup for the entity during the backup window and store the backup in the backup storage. | 1. A backup orchestrator for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
storage for storing backup windows during which backup storages are predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and a backup manager programmed to:
identify an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities;
in response to identifying the backup generation event:
match workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window of the backup windows that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages; and
generate the backup for the entity during the backup window and store the backup in the backup storage. 2. The backup orchestrator of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtain backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generate a portion of the backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics. 3. The backup orchestrator of claim 2, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 4. The backup orchestrator of claim 3, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 5. The backup orchestrator of claim 3, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 6. The backup orchestrator of claim 5, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. 7. The backup orchestrator of claim 1, wherein generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage comprises:
instructing a production host that hosts the entity to:
generate the backup during the backup window; and
provide the backup to the backup storage. 8. A method for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
identifying an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
matching workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages, wherein the backup window specifies a period of time during which the backup storage is predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and
generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtaining backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generating a portion of backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics, wherein the backup window is a member of the portion of the backup windows. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage comprises:
instructing a production host that hosts the entity to:
generate the backup during the backup window; and
provide the backup to the backup storage. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code, which when executed by a computer processor enables the computer processor to perform a method for providing backup services to entities, the method comprising:
identifying an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
matching workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages, wherein the backup window specifies a period of time during which the backup storage is predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and
generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtaining backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generating a portion of backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics, wherein the backup window is a member of the portion of the backup windows. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. | A backup orchestrator for providing backup services to entities includes storage for storing backup windows during which backup storages are predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and a backup manager that identifies an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event: matches workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window of the backup windows that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages; and generates the backup for the entity during the backup window and store the backup in the backup storage.1. A backup orchestrator for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
storage for storing backup windows during which backup storages are predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and a backup manager programmed to:
identify an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities;
in response to identifying the backup generation event:
match workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window of the backup windows that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages; and
generate the backup for the entity during the backup window and store the backup in the backup storage. 2. The backup orchestrator of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtain backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generate a portion of the backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics. 3. The backup orchestrator of claim 2, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 4. The backup orchestrator of claim 3, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 5. The backup orchestrator of claim 3, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 6. The backup orchestrator of claim 5, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. 7. The backup orchestrator of claim 1, wherein generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage comprises:
instructing a production host that hosts the entity to:
generate the backup during the backup window; and
provide the backup to the backup storage. 8. A method for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
identifying an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
matching workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages, wherein the backup window specifies a period of time during which the backup storage is predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and
generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtaining backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generating a portion of backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics, wherein the backup window is a member of the portion of the backup windows. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage comprises:
instructing a production host that hosts the entity to:
generate the backup during the backup window; and
provide the backup to the backup storage. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code, which when executed by a computer processor enables the computer processor to perform a method for providing backup services to entities, the method comprising:
identifying an occurrence of a backup generation event for an entity of the entities; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
matching workload characteristics for generating a backup of the entity to a backup window that is associated with a backup storage of the backup storages, wherein the backup window specifies a period of time during which the backup storage is predicted to be able to service backup storage workloads; and
generating the backup for the entity during the backup window and storing the backup in the backup storage. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to identifying the occurrence of the backup generation event for the entity:
obtaining backup storage characteristics of the backup storage for storing backups of the entity; and
generating a portion of backup windows associated with the backup storage using the backup storage characteristics, wherein the backup window is a member of the portion of the backup windows. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the backup storage characteristics comprise:
a computational load availability over a first time period; a communications load availability over the first time period; and a backup load availability over the first time period. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the communications load availability comprises:
a communication bandwidth available for allocation by the backup storage; and a number of streams available for allocation by the backup storage. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur during a second period of time, wherein the second period of time occurs after the first time period. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein at least a sub-portion of the portion of the backup windows have durations that occur after the occurrence of the backup generation event. | 1,700 |
341,730 | 16,802,085 | 1,754 | The brush head of the toothbrush has filaments that are pointed at one end and led through clearances in the bristle carrier. These filaments have a length of about 10-20 mm. The tips of the pointed filaments produce a height profile other than that of a plane and the ends of the pointed filaments that are remote from the tips are melted. | 1. A brush head for an electric toothbrush, comprising:
a bristle carrier that can rotate back and forth about an axis of rotation running perpendicularly to the bristle carrier; conventional bristles with a substantially constant nominal diameter and rounded-off tips arranged in clusters on the bristle carrier; pointed filaments with pointed tips arranged on the bristle carrier in clusters with an arcuate shape;
wherein the clusters with an arcuate shape are arranged in one or more groups forming an arc of a circle or a circle. 2. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier is configurable in a rotational motion with a maximum angle of rotation a by a drive, and wherein the pointed filaments have a maximum distance rmax from the axis of rotation, where rmax=dmax·180°(πα) or rmax=dmax/(2 sin(α/2), wherein dmax is a predetermined maximum path the pointed tips cover at most during operation of the electric toothbrush. 3. The brush head as claimed in claim 2, wherein dmax=5 mm. 4. The brush head as claimed in claim 2, wherein dmax=3 mm. 5. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier one behind the other in the direction of movement of the toothbrush in operation. 6. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction of the maximum extent of the clusters with pointed filaments coincides with the direction of movement of the brush head. 7. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein conventional bristles are arranged between the pointed filaments. 8. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are colored at least in a region of the tip. 9. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments have pointed tips at one end opposite a second end, wherein the second ends of the pointed filaments that are remote from the pointed tips are melted. 10. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with pointed filaments have a maximum extent e of about 3 mm. 11. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier comprises clusters of bristles containing only conventional bristles, each with a nominal diameter that is constant over their length and a rounded-off tip. 12. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 1 mm from the tip ranges from 15-35% of the nominal diameter. 13. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 2 mm from the tip ranges from 30-60% of the nominal diameter. 14. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 4 mm from the tip ranges from 60-90% of the nominal diameter. 15. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments contain fewer than 80 tips. 16. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments contain fewer than 50 tips. 17. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments form a non-constant height profile. 18. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments of individual clusters form a non-constant height profile. 19. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least 80% of the pointed filaments have a length, measured from their exit point on the bristle carrier, from the interval (L, L+4 mm), where L is a predetermined length. 20. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments have different lengths and the tips of at least 80% of the pointed filaments are positioned with respect to a height profile of the pointed filaments within a height range of about 4 mm. 21. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are longer than the conventional bristles. 22. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are colored in a region of the tip. 23. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brush head is driven in such a way that the pointed filaments perform at least 5000 movements per minute. 24. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brush head is driven in such a way that the bristles perform at least 5000 movements per minute. 25. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier has a round shape. 26. A brush head for an electric toothbrush, comprising
a bristle carrier that can rotate back and forth about an axis of rotation running perpendicularly to the bristle carrier; the bristle carrier having a mixed filament arrangement comprising:
conventional bristles with a substantially constant nominal diameter and rounded-off tips arranged in clusters comprising a plurality of conventional bristles; and
pointed filaments with pointed tips arranged in clusters comprising a plurality of pointed filaments;
wherein the pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier in such a way that, during operation of the electric toothbrush, their tips cover at most a predetermined maximum path of dmax=5 mm. 27. The brush head as claimed in claim 26, wherein the pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier in such a way that, during operation of the electric toothbrush, their tips cover at most a predetermined maximum path of dmax=3 mm. 28. The brush head as claimed in claim 26, wherein at least a part of the clusters with pointed filaments are arranged in one or more groups in the form of an arc of a circle or a circle. 29. An electric toothbrush comprising a brush head as claimed in claim 1. | The brush head of the toothbrush has filaments that are pointed at one end and led through clearances in the bristle carrier. These filaments have a length of about 10-20 mm. The tips of the pointed filaments produce a height profile other than that of a plane and the ends of the pointed filaments that are remote from the tips are melted.1. A brush head for an electric toothbrush, comprising:
a bristle carrier that can rotate back and forth about an axis of rotation running perpendicularly to the bristle carrier; conventional bristles with a substantially constant nominal diameter and rounded-off tips arranged in clusters on the bristle carrier; pointed filaments with pointed tips arranged on the bristle carrier in clusters with an arcuate shape;
wherein the clusters with an arcuate shape are arranged in one or more groups forming an arc of a circle or a circle. 2. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier is configurable in a rotational motion with a maximum angle of rotation a by a drive, and wherein the pointed filaments have a maximum distance rmax from the axis of rotation, where rmax=dmax·180°(πα) or rmax=dmax/(2 sin(α/2), wherein dmax is a predetermined maximum path the pointed tips cover at most during operation of the electric toothbrush. 3. The brush head as claimed in claim 2, wherein dmax=5 mm. 4. The brush head as claimed in claim 2, wherein dmax=3 mm. 5. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier one behind the other in the direction of movement of the toothbrush in operation. 6. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direction of the maximum extent of the clusters with pointed filaments coincides with the direction of movement of the brush head. 7. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein conventional bristles are arranged between the pointed filaments. 8. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are colored at least in a region of the tip. 9. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments have pointed tips at one end opposite a second end, wherein the second ends of the pointed filaments that are remote from the pointed tips are melted. 10. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with pointed filaments have a maximum extent e of about 3 mm. 11. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier comprises clusters of bristles containing only conventional bristles, each with a nominal diameter that is constant over their length and a rounded-off tip. 12. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 1 mm from the tip ranges from 15-35% of the nominal diameter. 13. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 2 mm from the tip ranges from 30-60% of the nominal diameter. 14. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pointed filaments measured at the distance of 4 mm from the tip ranges from 60-90% of the nominal diameter. 15. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments contain fewer than 80 tips. 16. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments contain fewer than 50 tips. 17. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clusters with the pointed filaments form a non-constant height profile. 18. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments of individual clusters form a non-constant height profile. 19. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least 80% of the pointed filaments have a length, measured from their exit point on the bristle carrier, from the interval (L, L+4 mm), where L is a predetermined length. 20. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments have different lengths and the tips of at least 80% of the pointed filaments are positioned with respect to a height profile of the pointed filaments within a height range of about 4 mm. 21. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are longer than the conventional bristles. 22. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pointed filaments are colored in a region of the tip. 23. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brush head is driven in such a way that the pointed filaments perform at least 5000 movements per minute. 24. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brush head is driven in such a way that the bristles perform at least 5000 movements per minute. 25. The brush head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bristle carrier has a round shape. 26. A brush head for an electric toothbrush, comprising
a bristle carrier that can rotate back and forth about an axis of rotation running perpendicularly to the bristle carrier; the bristle carrier having a mixed filament arrangement comprising:
conventional bristles with a substantially constant nominal diameter and rounded-off tips arranged in clusters comprising a plurality of conventional bristles; and
pointed filaments with pointed tips arranged in clusters comprising a plurality of pointed filaments;
wherein the pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier in such a way that, during operation of the electric toothbrush, their tips cover at most a predetermined maximum path of dmax=5 mm. 27. The brush head as claimed in claim 26, wherein the pointed filaments are arranged on the bristle carrier in such a way that, during operation of the electric toothbrush, their tips cover at most a predetermined maximum path of dmax=3 mm. 28. The brush head as claimed in claim 26, wherein at least a part of the clusters with pointed filaments are arranged in one or more groups in the form of an arc of a circle or a circle. 29. An electric toothbrush comprising a brush head as claimed in claim 1. | 1,700 |
341,731 | 16,802,094 | 1,754 | A coated article includes a substrate, a first dielectric layer, a subcritical metallic layer having discontinuous metallic regions, a primer over the subcritical layer, and a second dielectric layer over the primer layer. The primer can be a nickel-chromium alloy. The primer can be a multilayer primer having a first layer of a nickel-chromium alloy and a second layer of titania. The subcritical layer can contain copper and silver. | 1. A coated article having a tinted appearance in reflection and/or transmission, comprising:
a substrate; and a solar control coating, wherein the solar control coating comprises:
a first dielectric layer;
a subcritical metallic layer having discontinuous metallic regions, wherein the subcritical metallic layer comprises copper having an effective thickness between 8 Å and 36 Å, and silver having an effective thickness between 10 Å and 16 Å, and
a second dielectric layer over the subcritical metallic layer. 2. The article of claim 1 wherein the solar control coating further comprises a primer positioned between the second dielectric layer and the subcritical metallic layer and is deposited directly onto the subcritical metallic layer, wherein the primer is selected from titanium, silicon-aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, alloys containing nickel and chromium, cobalt alloys, alloys containing cobalt and chromium, copper, aluminum, silicon, nickel-chromium alloy, zirconium, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof, and wherein the primer is deposited as a metal and subsequently oxidized. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer is deposited as a metal and subsequently oxidized. 4. The article of claim 1 wherein the article consists of the substrate, the solar control coating and a protective coating over the second dielectric layer. 5. The article of claim 1, wherein the article further comprises a protective coating over the second dielectric layer. 6. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer is titanium. 7. The article of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a zinc oxide layer, and a zinc stannate layer over the zinc oxide layer. 8. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer further comprises nickel and chromium. 9. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer layer deposited over the subcritical layer extends into gaps of the subcritical metal. 10. The article of claim 9, wherein the primer layer deposited over the subcritical layer contacts a underlying dielectric layer. 11. The article of claim 4, wherein the protective coating comprises titania, silica, alumina, or a combination thereof. 12. The article of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer or the second dielectric layer comprises a metal or a metal alloy, wherein the metal or the metal alloy is an oxide, nitride, or oxynitride. 13. The article of claim 12, wherein metal oxides include titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, or mixtures thereof. 14. The article of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is a zinc/tin alloy oxide. 15. A method of tinting or coloring an article without adding a special colorant to a glass batch comprising:
providing a clear float glass; depositing a first dielectric layer over the clear float glass; depositing a subcritical metallic layer over the first dielectric layer, the subcritical metallic layer comprised of a subcritical silver layer and a subcritical copper layer; and depositing a second dielectric layer over a primer layer thereby forming a tinted or colored article. 16. The method according to claim 15 further comprises depositing a primer over the subcritical metallic layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the metal for the primer layer comprises titanium. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises zinc-tin oxides or zinc oxide. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a zinc-tin oxide or zinc oxide. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein effective thickness of the copper subcritical layer is between 8 Å and 36 Å, and the effective thickness of the silver subcritical layer is in between 10 Å and 16 Å. | A coated article includes a substrate, a first dielectric layer, a subcritical metallic layer having discontinuous metallic regions, a primer over the subcritical layer, and a second dielectric layer over the primer layer. The primer can be a nickel-chromium alloy. The primer can be a multilayer primer having a first layer of a nickel-chromium alloy and a second layer of titania. The subcritical layer can contain copper and silver.1. A coated article having a tinted appearance in reflection and/or transmission, comprising:
a substrate; and a solar control coating, wherein the solar control coating comprises:
a first dielectric layer;
a subcritical metallic layer having discontinuous metallic regions, wherein the subcritical metallic layer comprises copper having an effective thickness between 8 Å and 36 Å, and silver having an effective thickness between 10 Å and 16 Å, and
a second dielectric layer over the subcritical metallic layer. 2. The article of claim 1 wherein the solar control coating further comprises a primer positioned between the second dielectric layer and the subcritical metallic layer and is deposited directly onto the subcritical metallic layer, wherein the primer is selected from titanium, silicon-aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, alloys containing nickel and chromium, cobalt alloys, alloys containing cobalt and chromium, copper, aluminum, silicon, nickel-chromium alloy, zirconium, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof, and wherein the primer is deposited as a metal and subsequently oxidized. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer is deposited as a metal and subsequently oxidized. 4. The article of claim 1 wherein the article consists of the substrate, the solar control coating and a protective coating over the second dielectric layer. 5. The article of claim 1, wherein the article further comprises a protective coating over the second dielectric layer. 6. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer is titanium. 7. The article of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a zinc oxide layer, and a zinc stannate layer over the zinc oxide layer. 8. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer further comprises nickel and chromium. 9. The article of claim 2, wherein the primer layer deposited over the subcritical layer extends into gaps of the subcritical metal. 10. The article of claim 9, wherein the primer layer deposited over the subcritical layer contacts a underlying dielectric layer. 11. The article of claim 4, wherein the protective coating comprises titania, silica, alumina, or a combination thereof. 12. The article of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer or the second dielectric layer comprises a metal or a metal alloy, wherein the metal or the metal alloy is an oxide, nitride, or oxynitride. 13. The article of claim 12, wherein metal oxides include titanium, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, zinc, bismuth, lead, indium, tin, or mixtures thereof. 14. The article of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is a zinc/tin alloy oxide. 15. A method of tinting or coloring an article without adding a special colorant to a glass batch comprising:
providing a clear float glass; depositing a first dielectric layer over the clear float glass; depositing a subcritical metallic layer over the first dielectric layer, the subcritical metallic layer comprised of a subcritical silver layer and a subcritical copper layer; and depositing a second dielectric layer over a primer layer thereby forming a tinted or colored article. 16. The method according to claim 15 further comprises depositing a primer over the subcritical metallic layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the metal for the primer layer comprises titanium. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises zinc-tin oxides or zinc oxide. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a zinc-tin oxide or zinc oxide. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein effective thickness of the copper subcritical layer is between 8 Å and 36 Å, and the effective thickness of the silver subcritical layer is in between 10 Å and 16 Å. | 1,700 |
341,732 | 16,802,091 | 1,754 | An orthopaedic system includes an insert defining an anterior-posterior centerline and including: a medial half on one side of the centerline and defining a medial shape, the medial half having a medial articular surface defining a medial dwell region; and a lateral half on an opposite side of the centerline and defining a lateral shape that differs from the medial shape, the lateral half having a lateral articular surface. A femoral component includes a medial condylar portion bearing on the medial articular surface and a lateral condylar portion bearing on the lateral articular surface. The insert is configured to substantially limit medial anterior-posterior translation on the femoral component and define a pivot axis that extends through the medial dwell region. The insert is configured such that rotation of the lateral articular surface follows an arcuate path about the pivot axis. | 1. An orthopaedic system, comprising:
an insert defining an anterior-posterior centerline and comprising:
a medial half on one side of the centerline and defining a medial shape, the medial half comprising a medial articular surface defining a medial dwell region; and
a lateral half on an opposite side of the centerline and defining a lateral shape that differs from the medial shape, the lateral half comprising a lateral articular surface; and
a femoral component comprising a medial condylar portion bearing on the medial articular surface and a lateral condylar portion bearing on the lateral articular surface, the insert being configured to substantially limit medial anterior-posterior translation on the femoral component and define a pivot axis that extends through the medial dwell region, the insert being configured such that rotation of the lateral articular surface follows an arcuate path about the pivot axis. 2. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises a central ridge including a lateral ridge portion on the lateral half and a medial ridge portion on the medial half that has a different shape than the lateral ridge portion, the lateral condylar portion having a lateral concave patellar groove formed therein that faces the lateral ridge portion and the medial condylar portion having a medial concave patellar groove formed therein that faces the medial ridge portion, the medial ridge portion having a region formed therein that has less material than a corresponding region of the lateral ridge portion. 3. The orthopaedic system of claim 2, wherein the region of the medial ridge portion is configured to avoid impingement of the central ridge on the medial condylar portion during external rotation. 4. The orthopaedic system of claim 3, wherein the femoral component is limited to 25 degrees of rotation about the pivot axis. 5. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises an anterior and a posterior and defines an anterior-to-posterior length between the anterior and the posterior, wherein the pivot axis is spaced from the posterior of the insert by a pivot distance, the pivot distance being 32% to 37% of the anterior-to-posterior length. 6. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial condylar portion and the medial articular surface define a maximum medial clearance therebetween and the lateral condylar portion and the lateral articular surface define a maximum lateral clearance therebetween that is greater than the maximum medial clearance. 7. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial dwell region defines a medial minimum height and the lateral articular surface comprises a lateral valley defining a lateral minimum height that is less than the medial minimum height. 8. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial half comprises a raised medial surface defining a peak of the insert and extending generally vertical relative to a bottom of the insert. 9. The orthopaedic system of claim 8, wherein the raised medial surface is located adjacent to the anterior-posterior centerline. 10. The orthopaedic system of claim 8, wherein the medial half comprises a dished surface adjacent to a posterior of the insert, the dished surface having a curved dish formed therein. 11. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises an anterior stabilizing surface formed adjacent to an anterior of the insert and formed as a sloped surface that extends downwardly toward a posterior of the insert. 12. The orthopaedic system of claim 11, wherein the anterior stabilizing surface extends downwardly toward the posterior at a slope angle of between 4° and 8°. 13. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial condylar portion comprises a medial condylar surface bearing on the medial articular surface and the lateral condylar portion comprises a lateral condylar surface bearing on the lateral articular surface, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface are each generally flat in a medial-lateral direction. 14. The orthopaedic system of claim 13, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface are each dished in an anterior-posterior direction. 15. The orthopaedic system of claim 13, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface each define a respective radius that is at least 45 mm in the medial-lateral direction. | An orthopaedic system includes an insert defining an anterior-posterior centerline and including: a medial half on one side of the centerline and defining a medial shape, the medial half having a medial articular surface defining a medial dwell region; and a lateral half on an opposite side of the centerline and defining a lateral shape that differs from the medial shape, the lateral half having a lateral articular surface. A femoral component includes a medial condylar portion bearing on the medial articular surface and a lateral condylar portion bearing on the lateral articular surface. The insert is configured to substantially limit medial anterior-posterior translation on the femoral component and define a pivot axis that extends through the medial dwell region. The insert is configured such that rotation of the lateral articular surface follows an arcuate path about the pivot axis.1. An orthopaedic system, comprising:
an insert defining an anterior-posterior centerline and comprising:
a medial half on one side of the centerline and defining a medial shape, the medial half comprising a medial articular surface defining a medial dwell region; and
a lateral half on an opposite side of the centerline and defining a lateral shape that differs from the medial shape, the lateral half comprising a lateral articular surface; and
a femoral component comprising a medial condylar portion bearing on the medial articular surface and a lateral condylar portion bearing on the lateral articular surface, the insert being configured to substantially limit medial anterior-posterior translation on the femoral component and define a pivot axis that extends through the medial dwell region, the insert being configured such that rotation of the lateral articular surface follows an arcuate path about the pivot axis. 2. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises a central ridge including a lateral ridge portion on the lateral half and a medial ridge portion on the medial half that has a different shape than the lateral ridge portion, the lateral condylar portion having a lateral concave patellar groove formed therein that faces the lateral ridge portion and the medial condylar portion having a medial concave patellar groove formed therein that faces the medial ridge portion, the medial ridge portion having a region formed therein that has less material than a corresponding region of the lateral ridge portion. 3. The orthopaedic system of claim 2, wherein the region of the medial ridge portion is configured to avoid impingement of the central ridge on the medial condylar portion during external rotation. 4. The orthopaedic system of claim 3, wherein the femoral component is limited to 25 degrees of rotation about the pivot axis. 5. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises an anterior and a posterior and defines an anterior-to-posterior length between the anterior and the posterior, wherein the pivot axis is spaced from the posterior of the insert by a pivot distance, the pivot distance being 32% to 37% of the anterior-to-posterior length. 6. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial condylar portion and the medial articular surface define a maximum medial clearance therebetween and the lateral condylar portion and the lateral articular surface define a maximum lateral clearance therebetween that is greater than the maximum medial clearance. 7. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial dwell region defines a medial minimum height and the lateral articular surface comprises a lateral valley defining a lateral minimum height that is less than the medial minimum height. 8. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial half comprises a raised medial surface defining a peak of the insert and extending generally vertical relative to a bottom of the insert. 9. The orthopaedic system of claim 8, wherein the raised medial surface is located adjacent to the anterior-posterior centerline. 10. The orthopaedic system of claim 8, wherein the medial half comprises a dished surface adjacent to a posterior of the insert, the dished surface having a curved dish formed therein. 11. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises an anterior stabilizing surface formed adjacent to an anterior of the insert and formed as a sloped surface that extends downwardly toward a posterior of the insert. 12. The orthopaedic system of claim 11, wherein the anterior stabilizing surface extends downwardly toward the posterior at a slope angle of between 4° and 8°. 13. The orthopaedic system of claim 1, wherein the medial condylar portion comprises a medial condylar surface bearing on the medial articular surface and the lateral condylar portion comprises a lateral condylar surface bearing on the lateral articular surface, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface are each generally flat in a medial-lateral direction. 14. The orthopaedic system of claim 13, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface are each dished in an anterior-posterior direction. 15. The orthopaedic system of claim 13, wherein the medial articular surface, the medial condylar surface, the lateral condylar surface, and the lateral articular surface each define a respective radius that is at least 45 mm in the medial-lateral direction. | 1,700 |
341,733 | 16,802,100 | 1,754 | A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element. The present invention improves on an emissive display by providing a backplane and modulation system that enables fabrication of multi-color or monochrome LED display systems that operate efficiently and without objectionable image artifacts. One aspect of the present invention is to realize the backplane in a single crystal silicon process with a minimum number of metal layers while providing each color with a suitable operating voltage and drive current. | 1. A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements, wherein each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, and wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element, wherein the modulation element receives a global static voltage originating outside the pixel circuit, imposes pulse width modulation on that voltage and delivers the pulse width modulated voltage onto the current source element, which in turn delivers a pulse width modulated current at a required voltage to a first electrode of an emissive device, and wherein a second electrode of the emissive element is connected to a global voltage wherein the difference between the voltage of the modulated current and the second global voltage satisfies the voltage drive requirement of the emissive elements, and wherein the current source comprises a large L FET and a second FET transistor operative to provide a desired current at a desired voltage to an emissive element, the desired voltage being set by a bias voltage applied to the gate of the large L FET, and wherein the gate of the second FET transistor is biased to ground, and wherein the modulation element comprises a FET configured as a pulse width modulation switch operative to impose pulse width modulation responsive to the data state of the memory cell as asserted on its gate, and wherein the output of the modulation element is asserted onto the current source element. 2. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the modulation element of each pixel circuit drive element comprises a second FET connected in series with the FET connected to the memory cell wherein the gate of the second FET is modulated by a non-data driven pulse width modulation signal operative to control the intensity of the emissive element associated with that pixel circuit drive element without regard for the data state of the memory cell of the pixel circuit drive element. 3. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the modulation element comprises p-channel FETs in an n-well 4. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the FETs of the current source comprise p-channel FETs in an n-well. 5. The backplane of claim 3, wherein the second voltage applied to the second electrode of each emissive element of each pixel element is lower than the upper rail voltage of the array. 6. The backplane of claim 5, wherein the voltage applied to the second electrode of each emissive element of each pixel element is lower than the lower rail voltage (ground) of the array. 7. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the current source element and the modulation element are placed in series. 8. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the memory cell is an SRAM memory device. 9. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the emissive element is a light emitting diode. 10. The backplane of claim 1, wherein substantially all of the backplane is fabricated in a single piece of single crystal silicon. 11. The backplane of claim 10, wherein the FETs of the modulation element and the large L FET of the current source element are p-channel FETs placed in a first n-well of a p-substrate material and the second FET of the current source element is placed in a second n-well of the same p-substrate material, and wherein the second n-well is biased to a voltage different than the bias voltage of the first n-well. 12. The backplane of claim 11, wherein the second n-well is biased to the upper rail voltage of the device. 13. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the emissive elements emit a plurality of colors of light. 14. The backplane of claim 13, wherein the pixel drive circuit elements associated with a first color require a different bias voltage on its large L FET to the bias voltage required for the pixel drive circuit elements associated with a second color. | A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements is disclosed. Each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element. The present invention improves on an emissive display by providing a backplane and modulation system that enables fabrication of multi-color or monochrome LED display systems that operate efficiently and without objectionable image artifacts. One aspect of the present invention is to realize the backplane in a single crystal silicon process with a minimum number of metal layers while providing each color with a suitable operating voltage and drive current.1. A backplane operative to drive an array of emissive pixel elements, wherein each pixel element comprises a pixel circuit drive element and an emissive element, and wherein the pixel circuit drive element comprises a memory cell, a current source element, and a modulation element, wherein the modulation element receives a global static voltage originating outside the pixel circuit, imposes pulse width modulation on that voltage and delivers the pulse width modulated voltage onto the current source element, which in turn delivers a pulse width modulated current at a required voltage to a first electrode of an emissive device, and wherein a second electrode of the emissive element is connected to a global voltage wherein the difference between the voltage of the modulated current and the second global voltage satisfies the voltage drive requirement of the emissive elements, and wherein the current source comprises a large L FET and a second FET transistor operative to provide a desired current at a desired voltage to an emissive element, the desired voltage being set by a bias voltage applied to the gate of the large L FET, and wherein the gate of the second FET transistor is biased to ground, and wherein the modulation element comprises a FET configured as a pulse width modulation switch operative to impose pulse width modulation responsive to the data state of the memory cell as asserted on its gate, and wherein the output of the modulation element is asserted onto the current source element. 2. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the modulation element of each pixel circuit drive element comprises a second FET connected in series with the FET connected to the memory cell wherein the gate of the second FET is modulated by a non-data driven pulse width modulation signal operative to control the intensity of the emissive element associated with that pixel circuit drive element without regard for the data state of the memory cell of the pixel circuit drive element. 3. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the modulation element comprises p-channel FETs in an n-well 4. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the FETs of the current source comprise p-channel FETs in an n-well. 5. The backplane of claim 3, wherein the second voltage applied to the second electrode of each emissive element of each pixel element is lower than the upper rail voltage of the array. 6. The backplane of claim 5, wherein the voltage applied to the second electrode of each emissive element of each pixel element is lower than the lower rail voltage (ground) of the array. 7. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the current source element and the modulation element are placed in series. 8. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the memory cell is an SRAM memory device. 9. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the emissive element is a light emitting diode. 10. The backplane of claim 1, wherein substantially all of the backplane is fabricated in a single piece of single crystal silicon. 11. The backplane of claim 10, wherein the FETs of the modulation element and the large L FET of the current source element are p-channel FETs placed in a first n-well of a p-substrate material and the second FET of the current source element is placed in a second n-well of the same p-substrate material, and wherein the second n-well is biased to a voltage different than the bias voltage of the first n-well. 12. The backplane of claim 11, wherein the second n-well is biased to the upper rail voltage of the device. 13. The backplane of claim 1, wherein the emissive elements emit a plurality of colors of light. 14. The backplane of claim 13, wherein the pixel drive circuit elements associated with a first color require a different bias voltage on its large L FET to the bias voltage required for the pixel drive circuit elements associated with a second color. | 1,700 |
341,734 | 16,802,073 | 1,754 | A system and method for providing a configurable timing control of a memory system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system has a first interface to receive a DIMM clock and configuration information, a second interface to a first data bus, and a third interface to a second data bus. The system further has a plurality of flip-flops, a multiplexor coupled to the plurality of flip-flops, a first control block for controlling to hold an input data within the plurality of flip-flops, and a second control block for controlling a timing of an output data from the plurality of flip-flops via the multiplexor with a programmable delay. The input data is received via the second interface. The programmable delay is received via the first interface. The output data is sent out with the timing delay via the third interface. | 1. (canceled) 2. A memory module comprising:
a coprocessor or I/O (CPIO) device; a non-volatile memory coupled to the CPIO device; and a re-timer circuit coupled to the CPIO device, wherein the re-timer circuit comprises:
a clock generation circuit to receive a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and
a first delay circuit, coupled to the clock generation circuit, the first delay circuit to receive a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 3. The memory module of claim 2, further comprising:
an address control bus coupled to the CPIO device and to the re-timer circuit, wherein the re-timer circuit is configured to receive address and control signals via the address control bus with a delay relative to the address and control signals exiting the CPIO device. 4. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit comprises a fixed, non-programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a fixed delay to produce the first delayed data strobe, wherein the CPIO device comprises one or more programmable timer circuits having a programmable delay, and wherein the fixed delay and the programmable delay together produce the defined timing relationship. 5. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the first delay circuit comprises a programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a programmable delay to produce the first delayed data strobe. 6. The memory module of claim 5, wherein the programmable delay has a range of programmability such that the defined timing relationship is configurable to be compatible with at least one of an RDIMM, an LRDIMM, or a UDIMM. 7. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the first delay circuit comprises:
a plurality of flip-flops that are enabled in sequence based on the first delayed data strobe to store respective pairs of bits of the first data signal; a multiplexer having inputs coupled to outputs of the plurality of flip-flops and having an output that is from a selected one of the flip-flops; a DQ transmitter coupled to the output of the multiplexer that transmits the first delayed data signal; a DQS transmitter that transmits the first output data strobe; and a control circuit that controls the multiplexer. 8. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit further comprises:
a second delay circuit to receive a second data signal and a second data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed second data signal and a second output data strobe, and wherein the second output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the second delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 9. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is configured to connect a data output of the CPIO device to an output of the memory module. 10. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is embedded within the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs, and wherein a plurality of data buffer circuits connect the data outputs of the CPIO device to outputs of the memory module. 11. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is embedded within the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs connected to outputs of the memory module. 12. The memory module of claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of re-timer circuits coupled to the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs, wherein the plurality of re-timer circuits correspond to the plurality of data outputs. 13. A memory module comprising:
a coprocessor or I/O (CPIO) device; an address control bus coupled to the CPIO device; and a plurality of re-timer circuits coupled to address control bus, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises:
a clock generation circuit to receive a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and
a first delay circuit, coupled to the clock generation circuit, the first delay circuit to receive a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 14. The memory module of claim 13, further comprising:
a non-volatile memory coupled to the CPIO device. 15. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises a fixed, non-programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a fixed delay to produce the first delayed data strobe, wherein the CPIO device comprises one or more programmable timer circuits having a programmable delay, and wherein the fixed delay and the programmable delay together produce the defined timing relationship. 16. The memory module of claim 13, wherein the first delay circuit comprises a programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a programmable delay to produce the first delayed data strobe. 17. The memory module of claim 16, wherein the programmable delay has a range of programmability such that the defined timing relationship is configurable to be compatible with at least one of an RDIMM, an LRDIMM, or a UDIMM. 18. The memory module of claim 13, wherein the first delay circuit comprises:
a plurality of flip-flops that are enabled in sequence based on the first delayed data strobe to store respective pairs of bits of the first data signal; a multiplexer having inputs coupled to outputs of the plurality of flip-flops and having an output that is from a selected one of the flip-flops; a DQ transmitter coupled to the output of the multiplexer that transmits the first delayed data signal; a DQS transmitter that transmits the first output data strobe; and a control circuit that controls the multiplexer. 19. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises:
a second delay circuit to receive a second data signal and a second data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed second data signal and a second output data strobe, and wherein the second output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the second delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 20. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits is configured to connect a data output of the CPIO device to an output of the memory module. 21. A re-timer circuit comprising:
means for receiving a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and means for receiving a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generating a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. | A system and method for providing a configurable timing control of a memory system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system has a first interface to receive a DIMM clock and configuration information, a second interface to a first data bus, and a third interface to a second data bus. The system further has a plurality of flip-flops, a multiplexor coupled to the plurality of flip-flops, a first control block for controlling to hold an input data within the plurality of flip-flops, and a second control block for controlling a timing of an output data from the plurality of flip-flops via the multiplexor with a programmable delay. The input data is received via the second interface. The programmable delay is received via the first interface. The output data is sent out with the timing delay via the third interface.1. (canceled) 2. A memory module comprising:
a coprocessor or I/O (CPIO) device; a non-volatile memory coupled to the CPIO device; and a re-timer circuit coupled to the CPIO device, wherein the re-timer circuit comprises:
a clock generation circuit to receive a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and
a first delay circuit, coupled to the clock generation circuit, the first delay circuit to receive a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 3. The memory module of claim 2, further comprising:
an address control bus coupled to the CPIO device and to the re-timer circuit, wherein the re-timer circuit is configured to receive address and control signals via the address control bus with a delay relative to the address and control signals exiting the CPIO device. 4. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit comprises a fixed, non-programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a fixed delay to produce the first delayed data strobe, wherein the CPIO device comprises one or more programmable timer circuits having a programmable delay, and wherein the fixed delay and the programmable delay together produce the defined timing relationship. 5. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the first delay circuit comprises a programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a programmable delay to produce the first delayed data strobe. 6. The memory module of claim 5, wherein the programmable delay has a range of programmability such that the defined timing relationship is configurable to be compatible with at least one of an RDIMM, an LRDIMM, or a UDIMM. 7. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the first delay circuit comprises:
a plurality of flip-flops that are enabled in sequence based on the first delayed data strobe to store respective pairs of bits of the first data signal; a multiplexer having inputs coupled to outputs of the plurality of flip-flops and having an output that is from a selected one of the flip-flops; a DQ transmitter coupled to the output of the multiplexer that transmits the first delayed data signal; a DQS transmitter that transmits the first output data strobe; and a control circuit that controls the multiplexer. 8. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit further comprises:
a second delay circuit to receive a second data signal and a second data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed second data signal and a second output data strobe, and wherein the second output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the second delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 9. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is configured to connect a data output of the CPIO device to an output of the memory module. 10. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is embedded within the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs, and wherein a plurality of data buffer circuits connect the data outputs of the CPIO device to outputs of the memory module. 11. The memory module of claim 2, wherein the re-timer circuit is embedded within the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs connected to outputs of the memory module. 12. The memory module of claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of re-timer circuits coupled to the CPIO device, the CPIO device having a plurality of data outputs, wherein the plurality of re-timer circuits correspond to the plurality of data outputs. 13. A memory module comprising:
a coprocessor or I/O (CPIO) device; an address control bus coupled to the CPIO device; and a plurality of re-timer circuits coupled to address control bus, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises:
a clock generation circuit to receive a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and
a first delay circuit, coupled to the clock generation circuit, the first delay circuit to receive a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 14. The memory module of claim 13, further comprising:
a non-volatile memory coupled to the CPIO device. 15. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises a fixed, non-programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a fixed delay to produce the first delayed data strobe, wherein the CPIO device comprises one or more programmable timer circuits having a programmable delay, and wherein the fixed delay and the programmable delay together produce the defined timing relationship. 16. The memory module of claim 13, wherein the first delay circuit comprises a programmable delay circuit to delay the first data strobe relative to the first data signal by a programmable delay to produce the first delayed data strobe. 17. The memory module of claim 16, wherein the programmable delay has a range of programmability such that the defined timing relationship is configurable to be compatible with at least one of an RDIMM, an LRDIMM, or a UDIMM. 18. The memory module of claim 13, wherein the first delay circuit comprises:
a plurality of flip-flops that are enabled in sequence based on the first delayed data strobe to store respective pairs of bits of the first data signal; a multiplexer having inputs coupled to outputs of the plurality of flip-flops and having an output that is from a selected one of the flip-flops; a DQ transmitter coupled to the output of the multiplexer that transmits the first delayed data signal; a DQS transmitter that transmits the first output data strobe; and a control circuit that controls the multiplexer. 19. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits comprises:
a second delay circuit to receive a second data signal and a second data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generate a delayed second data signal and a second output data strobe, and wherein the second output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the second delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. 20. The memory module of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of re-timer circuits is configured to connect a data output of the CPIO device to an output of the memory module. 21. A re-timer circuit comprising:
means for receiving a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) clock signal and output at least one delayed clock signal; and means for receiving a first data signal and a first data strobe signal, and using the at least one delayed clock signal, generating a delayed first data signal and a first output data strobe, wherein the first output data strobe has a defined timing relationship with the first delayed data signal and the DIMM clock signal. | 1,700 |
341,735 | 16,802,077 | 1,754 | A surgical access assembly includes a cannula including an elongated shaft and a retention anchor movable position along the elongated shaft. The retention anchor includes an annular body and a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body. The annular body includes a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface. The inner side surface defines a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough and the proximally-facing surface defines a proximal opening into the channel. The wiper extends radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defines a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft. The distal opening has a smaller diameter than the proximal opening. | 1. A surgical access assembly comprising:
a cannula including an elongated shaft; and a retention anchor movably positioned along the elongated shaft, the retention anchor including:
an annular body including a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface, the inner side surface defining a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough, the proximally-facing surface defining a proximal opening into the channel; and
a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body, the wiper extending radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defining a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft, the distal opening having a smaller diameter than the proximal opening. 2. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body frictionally engages the elongated shaft of the cannula. 3. The surgical access assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body includes ridges disposed in longitudinally spaced relation relative to each other. 4. The surgical access assembly of claim 3, wherein each ridge includes a flat surface and an angled surface. 5. The surgical access assembly of claim 4, wherein the flat surface is proximally facing, and the angled surface is distally facing. 6. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper includes a disc-shaped body having a flat proximal facing surface and a flat distal facing surface. 7. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper has a uniform thickness and the ridges have a variable thickness, the thickness of the wiper is less than a minimal thickness of the ridges. 8. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the annular body and the wiper are monolithically formed from a common material. 9. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper extends radially from the inner side surface of the annular body into the channel. 10. A retention anchor for a surgical access device, the retention anchor comprising:
an annular body including a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface, the inner side surface defining a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough, the proximally-facing surface defining a proximal opening into the channel; and a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body, the wiper extending radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defining a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft, the distal opening having a smaller diameter than the proximal opening. 11. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body includes ridges disposed in longitudinally spaced relation relative to each other. 12. The retention anchor of claim 11, wherein each ridge includes a flat surface and an angled surface. 13. The retention anchor of claim 12, wherein the flat surface is proximally facing, and the angled surface is distally facing. 14. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper includes a disc-shaped body having a flat proximal facing surface and a flat distal facing surface. 15. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper has a uniform thickness and the ridges have a variable thickness, the thickness of the wiper is less than a minimal thickness of the ridges. 16. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the annular body and the wiper are monolithically formed from a common material. 17. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper extends radially from the inner side surface of the annular body into the channel. | A surgical access assembly includes a cannula including an elongated shaft and a retention anchor movable position along the elongated shaft. The retention anchor includes an annular body and a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body. The annular body includes a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface. The inner side surface defines a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough and the proximally-facing surface defines a proximal opening into the channel. The wiper extends radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defines a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft. The distal opening has a smaller diameter than the proximal opening.1. A surgical access assembly comprising:
a cannula including an elongated shaft; and a retention anchor movably positioned along the elongated shaft, the retention anchor including:
an annular body including a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface, the inner side surface defining a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough, the proximally-facing surface defining a proximal opening into the channel; and
a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body, the wiper extending radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defining a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft, the distal opening having a smaller diameter than the proximal opening. 2. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body frictionally engages the elongated shaft of the cannula. 3. The surgical access assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body includes ridges disposed in longitudinally spaced relation relative to each other. 4. The surgical access assembly of claim 3, wherein each ridge includes a flat surface and an angled surface. 5. The surgical access assembly of claim 4, wherein the flat surface is proximally facing, and the angled surface is distally facing. 6. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper includes a disc-shaped body having a flat proximal facing surface and a flat distal facing surface. 7. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper has a uniform thickness and the ridges have a variable thickness, the thickness of the wiper is less than a minimal thickness of the ridges. 8. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the annular body and the wiper are monolithically formed from a common material. 9. The surgical access assembly of claim 1, wherein the wiper extends radially from the inner side surface of the annular body into the channel. 10. A retention anchor for a surgical access device, the retention anchor comprising:
an annular body including a proximally-facing surface, a distally-facing surface, an outer side surface, and an inner side surface, the inner side surface defining a channel for reception and passage of the elongated shaft therethrough, the proximally-facing surface defining a proximal opening into the channel; and a wiper disposed at a distal end of the annular body, the wiper extending radially inwardly of the inner side surface and defining a distal opening into the channel for establishing a sealed relation about the elongated shaft, the distal opening having a smaller diameter than the proximal opening. 11. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the inner side surface of the annular body includes ridges disposed in longitudinally spaced relation relative to each other. 12. The retention anchor of claim 11, wherein each ridge includes a flat surface and an angled surface. 13. The retention anchor of claim 12, wherein the flat surface is proximally facing, and the angled surface is distally facing. 14. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper includes a disc-shaped body having a flat proximal facing surface and a flat distal facing surface. 15. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper has a uniform thickness and the ridges have a variable thickness, the thickness of the wiper is less than a minimal thickness of the ridges. 16. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the annular body and the wiper are monolithically formed from a common material. 17. The retention anchor of claim 10, wherein the wiper extends radially from the inner side surface of the annular body into the channel. | 1,700 |
341,736 | 16,802,097 | 3,634 | A self-locking gate assembly having a gate with a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support. A locking assembly, associated with the first hollow member is operatively connected to an upper mounting assembly adapted to open and automatically close the gate based upon activation and deactivation of the locking assembly. | 1. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; an upper mounting assembly operatively connected to the locking assembly and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking assembly, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the locking assembly has a spring pin connected to a linkage rod with a locking tip at one end. 3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting plate, a mounting shaft, and a guide tube rotatably connected to the mounting shaft. 4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a guide tube having a vertical section and a horizontal section. 5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the vertical section of the guide tube on a lower edge has a cut-out on opposite sides. 6. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the horizontal section of guide tube have walls at each end with aligned and centrally located apertures adapted to receive the locking rod. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein connected to the linking rod is a backing plate that is positioned to engage a spring to bias the linking rod to a locked position. 8. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting shaft with a pair of outwardly extending projections that align with slots in a guide tube. 9. The assembly of claim 8 further comprising a spring disposed in a vertical section of the guide tube and adapted to bias the gate toward a closed position. 10. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a bottom mounting assembly connected to the second hollow member. 11. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the guide tube has a vertical section having spring prongs that extend outwardly. 12. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising an extension connected to an end of the gate opposite the mounting assembly. 13. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; a plurality of mounting guides attached to the gate and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking mechanism, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 14. The assembly of claim 13 where a middle mounting guide has a bore that receives a spring and a tensioning knob. 15. The assembly of claim 13 wherein a middle mounting guide has a bore with an angled cam surface adapted to receive a cam attached to a mounting shaft. 16. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the locking assembly interacts with at least one of the plurality of mounting guides to lock the gate in a closed position. | A self-locking gate assembly having a gate with a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support. A locking assembly, associated with the first hollow member is operatively connected to an upper mounting assembly adapted to open and automatically close the gate based upon activation and deactivation of the locking assembly.1. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; an upper mounting assembly operatively connected to the locking assembly and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking assembly, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the locking assembly has a spring pin connected to a linkage rod with a locking tip at one end. 3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting plate, a mounting shaft, and a guide tube rotatably connected to the mounting shaft. 4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a guide tube having a vertical section and a horizontal section. 5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the vertical section of the guide tube on a lower edge has a cut-out on opposite sides. 6. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the horizontal section of guide tube have walls at each end with aligned and centrally located apertures adapted to receive the locking rod. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein connected to the linking rod is a backing plate that is positioned to engage a spring to bias the linking rod to a locked position. 8. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting shaft with a pair of outwardly extending projections that align with slots in a guide tube. 9. The assembly of claim 8 further comprising a spring disposed in a vertical section of the guide tube and adapted to bias the gate toward a closed position. 10. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a bottom mounting assembly connected to the second hollow member. 11. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the guide tube has a vertical section having spring prongs that extend outwardly. 12. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising an extension connected to an end of the gate opposite the mounting assembly. 13. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; a plurality of mounting guides attached to the gate and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking mechanism, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 14. The assembly of claim 13 where a middle mounting guide has a bore that receives a spring and a tensioning knob. 15. The assembly of claim 13 wherein a middle mounting guide has a bore with an angled cam surface adapted to receive a cam attached to a mounting shaft. 16. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the locking assembly interacts with at least one of the plurality of mounting guides to lock the gate in a closed position. | 3,600 |
341,737 | 16,801,998 | 3,634 | A self-locking gate assembly having a gate with a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support. A locking assembly, associated with the first hollow member is operatively connected to an upper mounting assembly adapted to open and automatically close the gate based upon activation and deactivation of the locking assembly. | 1. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; an upper mounting assembly operatively connected to the locking assembly and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking assembly, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the locking assembly has a spring pin connected to a linkage rod with a locking tip at one end. 3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting plate, a mounting shaft, and a guide tube rotatably connected to the mounting shaft. 4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a guide tube having a vertical section and a horizontal section. 5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the vertical section of the guide tube on a lower edge has a cut-out on opposite sides. 6. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the horizontal section of guide tube have walls at each end with aligned and centrally located apertures adapted to receive the locking rod. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein connected to the linking rod is a backing plate that is positioned to engage a spring to bias the linking rod to a locked position. 8. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting shaft with a pair of outwardly extending projections that align with slots in a guide tube. 9. The assembly of claim 8 further comprising a spring disposed in a vertical section of the guide tube and adapted to bias the gate toward a closed position. 10. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a bottom mounting assembly connected to the second hollow member. 11. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the guide tube has a vertical section having spring prongs that extend outwardly. 12. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising an extension connected to an end of the gate opposite the mounting assembly. 13. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; a plurality of mounting guides attached to the gate and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking mechanism, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 14. The assembly of claim 13 where a middle mounting guide has a bore that receives a spring and a tensioning knob. 15. The assembly of claim 13 wherein a middle mounting guide has a bore with an angled cam surface adapted to receive a cam attached to a mounting shaft. 16. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the locking assembly interacts with at least one of the plurality of mounting guides to lock the gate in a closed position. | A self-locking gate assembly having a gate with a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support. A locking assembly, associated with the first hollow member is operatively connected to an upper mounting assembly adapted to open and automatically close the gate based upon activation and deactivation of the locking assembly.1. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; an upper mounting assembly operatively connected to the locking assembly and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking assembly, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the locking assembly has a spring pin connected to a linkage rod with a locking tip at one end. 3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting plate, a mounting shaft, and a guide tube rotatably connected to the mounting shaft. 4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a guide tube having a vertical section and a horizontal section. 5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the vertical section of the guide tube on a lower edge has a cut-out on opposite sides. 6. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the horizontal section of guide tube have walls at each end with aligned and centrally located apertures adapted to receive the locking rod. 7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein connected to the linking rod is a backing plate that is positioned to engage a spring to bias the linking rod to a locked position. 8. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the upper mounting assembly has a mounting shaft with a pair of outwardly extending projections that align with slots in a guide tube. 9. The assembly of claim 8 further comprising a spring disposed in a vertical section of the guide tube and adapted to bias the gate toward a closed position. 10. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a bottom mounting assembly connected to the second hollow member. 11. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the guide tube has a vertical section having spring prongs that extend outwardly. 12. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising an extension connected to an end of the gate opposite the mounting assembly. 13. A self-locking gate assembly, comprising:
a gate having a first hollow member and a second hollow member connected by a vertical support; a locking assembly associated with the first hollow member; a plurality of mounting guides attached to the gate and adapted to permit the gate to move to an open position upon activation of the locking mechanism, and to automatically move the gate to a closed locked position upon release of the locking assembly. 14. The assembly of claim 13 where a middle mounting guide has a bore that receives a spring and a tensioning knob. 15. The assembly of claim 13 wherein a middle mounting guide has a bore with an angled cam surface adapted to receive a cam attached to a mounting shaft. 16. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the locking assembly interacts with at least one of the plurality of mounting guides to lock the gate in a closed position. | 3,600 |
341,738 | 16,802,063 | 3,634 | A production host includes storage for storing backup priorities of entities and backup windows during which a system, of which the production host is a member, is predicted to have sufficient computing resources to generate a backup for an entity of the entities and a backup manager that identifies a backup generation event for the entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event: identifying an earliest potential backup window of the backup windows; making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities; in response to making the determination: identifying that a backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the second entity; and providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. | 1. A production host for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
storage for storing:
backup priorities of the entities, and
backup windows during which a system, of which the production host is a member, is predicted to have sufficient computing resources to generate a backup for an entity of the entities; and
a backup manager programmed to:
identify a backup generation event for the entity;
in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identify an earliest potential backup window of the backup windows;
make a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identify that a backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the second entity; and
provide the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 2. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
in response to making the determination:
reserve the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
send a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 3. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup priorities of the entities are based, at least in part, on respective quantities of data associated with each of the entities that are in an unbacked up state. 4. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup priorities of the entities are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entities. 5. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 6. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
identify an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
send a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. 7. The production host of claim 1, wherein providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window comprises:
generating a backup of the entity; and storing a copy of the backup in a backup storage that is distinct from the production host. 8. A method for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
identifying a backup generation event for an entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identifying an earliest potential backup window of backup windows for providing the backup services;
making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identifying that a backup priority that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority that is associated with the second entity; and
providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein method further comprises:
in response to making the determination:
reserving the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
sending a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on quantities of data associated with the entity and the second entity, respectively, that are in an unbacked up state. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entity and the second entity, respectively. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
sending a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window comprises:
generating a backup of the entity; and storing a copy of the backup in a backup storage that is distinct from a production host that generated the backup of the entity. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code, which when executed by a computer processor enables the computer processor to perform a method for providing backup services to entities, the method comprising:
identifying a backup generation event for an entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identifying an earliest potential backup window of backup windows for providing the backup services;
making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identifying that a backup priority that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority that is associated with the second entity; and
providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein method further comprises:
in response to making the determination:
reserving the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
sending a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on quantities of data associated with the entity and the second entity, respectively, that are in an unbacked up state. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entity and the second entity, respectively. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
sending a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. | A production host includes storage for storing backup priorities of entities and backup windows during which a system, of which the production host is a member, is predicted to have sufficient computing resources to generate a backup for an entity of the entities and a backup manager that identifies a backup generation event for the entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event: identifying an earliest potential backup window of the backup windows; making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities; in response to making the determination: identifying that a backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the second entity; and providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window.1. A production host for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
storage for storing:
backup priorities of the entities, and
backup windows during which a system, of which the production host is a member, is predicted to have sufficient computing resources to generate a backup for an entity of the entities; and
a backup manager programmed to:
identify a backup generation event for the entity;
in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identify an earliest potential backup window of the backup windows;
make a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identify that a backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority of the backup priorities that is associated with the second entity; and
provide the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 2. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
in response to making the determination:
reserve the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
send a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 3. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup priorities of the entities are based, at least in part, on respective quantities of data associated with each of the entities that are in an unbacked up state. 4. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup priorities of the entities are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entities. 5. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 6. The production host of claim 1, wherein the backup manager is further programmed to:
identify an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
send a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. 7. The production host of claim 1, wherein providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window comprises:
generating a backup of the entity; and storing a copy of the backup in a backup storage that is distinct from the production host. 8. A method for providing backup services to entities, comprising:
identifying a backup generation event for an entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identifying an earliest potential backup window of backup windows for providing the backup services;
making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identifying that a backup priority that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority that is associated with the second entity; and
providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein method further comprises:
in response to making the determination:
reserving the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
sending a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on quantities of data associated with the entity and the second entity, respectively, that are in an unbacked up state. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entity and the second entity, respectively. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
sending a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window comprises:
generating a backup of the entity; and storing a copy of the backup in a backup storage that is distinct from a production host that generated the backup of the entity. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code, which when executed by a computer processor enables the computer processor to perform a method for providing backup services to entities, the method comprising:
identifying a backup generation event for an entity; in response to identifying the backup generation event:
identifying an earliest potential backup window of backup windows for providing the backup services;
making a determination that the earliest potential backup window of the backup windows is reserved for a second entity of the entities;
in response to making the determination:
identifying that a backup priority that is associated with the entity is greater than a second backup priority that is associated with the second entity; and
providing the backup services to the entity during the earliest potential backup window. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein method further comprises:
in response to making the determination:
reserving the earliest potential backup window for the entity; and
sending a conflict notification to the second entity,
wherein the conflict notification is adapted to cause a new backup window to be reserved for the second entity. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on quantities of data associated with the entity and the second entity, respectively, that are in an unbacked up state. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup priority and the second backup priority are based, at least in part, on types of workloads being performed by the entity and the second entity, respectively. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the backup generation event is a quantity of data associated with the entity that is in an unbacked up state exceeding a threshold. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:
identifying an occurrence of a priority change event associated with the entity; in response to identifying the occurrence of the priority change event:
sending a priority change notification to a second backup manager associated with the second entity,
wherein the priority change notification specifies a change in the backup priority associated with the entity. | 3,600 |
341,739 | 16,802,095 | 3,634 | An independent mover transport system and related method. The system comprises a mover having an axis, and a track. The track includes first and second track segments, and a controller operative to drive a first coil of the first track segment to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment. The controller is further operative to define a first zone for the first track segment, define a second zone for the first track segment, drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone, and drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone. | 1. A transport system comprising:
a mover having an axis; and a track comprising:
a first track segment including a first coil;
a second track segment adjacent to the first track segment and including a second coil; and
a controller operative to drive the first coil to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment, the controller being further operative to
define a first zone for the first track segment having a first set of controller gain values,
define a second zone for the first track segment having a second set of controller gain values,
drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone, and
drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone. 2. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the mover has a body with a center, and the axis is defined at the center of the body. 3. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, wherein the first set of controller gain values includes a first proportional gain value, a first integral gain value, and a first derivative gain value, and wherein the second set of controller gain values includes a second proportional gain value, a second integral gain value, and a second derivative gain value. 4. The transport system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further operative to
define a transition zone for the first track segment, the transition zone being located between the first zone and the second zone, interpolate a third set of controller gain values using the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone, the interpolation of the third set being based on the position of the axis, and drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the third set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone. 5. The transport system of claim 4, wherein the interpolation of the third set is a linear interpolation between the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values based on the position of the axis. 6. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further operative to
define a hysteresis zone for the first track segment, when the mover is moving under the first set of controller gain values, then the first controller gain values switch to the second set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the second zone, and when the mover is moving under the second set of controller gain values, then the second controller gain values switch to the first set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the first zone. 7. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the first track segment includes the controller. 8. The transport system of claim 7, wherein the track includes a third track segment adjacent to the second track segment opposite the first track segment, wherein the second track segment includes a second controller operative to drive the second coil to control movement of the mover along the second track segment towards the third track segment, the second controller being further operative to
define a first zone for the second track segment having the first set of controller gain values, define a second zone for the second track segment having the second set of controller gain values, drive the second coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone for the second track segment, and drive the first coils to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone for the second track segment. 9. The transport system of claim 8, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment. 10. The transport system of claim 8, wherein the track includes a junction coupling the first track segment and the second track segment, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment at the junction. 11. The transport system of claim 8, further comprising a third controller in communication with the first controller and the second controller. 12. A method to extend range of operations in an independent mover transport system comprising
a mover having an axis, a track comprising a first track segment including a first coil, a second track segment adjacent to the first track segment and including a second coil, and a controller operative to drive the first coil to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment, the method comprising:
moving the mover along the track;
defining a first zone for the first track segment having a first set of controller gain values;
defining a second zone for the first track segment having a second set of controller gain values;
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone; and
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the controller includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, wherein the first set of controller gain values includes a first proportional gain value, a first integral gain value, and a first derivative gain value, and wherein the second set of controller gain values includes a second proportional gain value, a second integral gain value, and a second derivative gain value. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
defining a transition zone for the first track segment, the transition zone being located between the first zone and the second zone;
interpolating a third set of controller gain values using the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone, the interpolation of the third set being based on the position of the axis; and
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the third set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the interpolation of the third set is a linear interpolation between the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values based on the position of the axis. 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
defining a hysteresis zone for the first track segment;
when the mover is moving under the first set of controller gain values, then the first controller gain values switching to the second set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the second zone; and
when the mover is moving under the second set of controller gain values, then the second controller gain values switching to the first set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the first zone. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first track segment includes the controller, wherein the track includes a third track segment adjacent to the second track segment opposite the first track segment, wherein the second track segment includes a second controller operative to drive the second coil to control movement of the mover along the second track segment towards the third track segment, the method further comprising:
defining a first zone for the second track segment having the first set of controller gain values, defining a second zone for the second track segment having the second set of controller gain values, driving the second coil to control movement of the mover with the first controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone for the second track segment, and driving the first coils to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone for the second track segment. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment. | An independent mover transport system and related method. The system comprises a mover having an axis, and a track. The track includes first and second track segments, and a controller operative to drive a first coil of the first track segment to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment. The controller is further operative to define a first zone for the first track segment, define a second zone for the first track segment, drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone, and drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone.1. A transport system comprising:
a mover having an axis; and a track comprising:
a first track segment including a first coil;
a second track segment adjacent to the first track segment and including a second coil; and
a controller operative to drive the first coil to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment, the controller being further operative to
define a first zone for the first track segment having a first set of controller gain values,
define a second zone for the first track segment having a second set of controller gain values,
drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone, and
drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone. 2. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the mover has a body with a center, and the axis is defined at the center of the body. 3. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, wherein the first set of controller gain values includes a first proportional gain value, a first integral gain value, and a first derivative gain value, and wherein the second set of controller gain values includes a second proportional gain value, a second integral gain value, and a second derivative gain value. 4. The transport system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further operative to
define a transition zone for the first track segment, the transition zone being located between the first zone and the second zone, interpolate a third set of controller gain values using the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone, the interpolation of the third set being based on the position of the axis, and drive the first coil to control movement of the mover with the third set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone. 5. The transport system of claim 4, wherein the interpolation of the third set is a linear interpolation between the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values based on the position of the axis. 6. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further operative to
define a hysteresis zone for the first track segment, when the mover is moving under the first set of controller gain values, then the first controller gain values switch to the second set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the second zone, and when the mover is moving under the second set of controller gain values, then the second controller gain values switch to the first set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the first zone. 7. The transport system of claim 1, wherein the first track segment includes the controller. 8. The transport system of claim 7, wherein the track includes a third track segment adjacent to the second track segment opposite the first track segment, wherein the second track segment includes a second controller operative to drive the second coil to control movement of the mover along the second track segment towards the third track segment, the second controller being further operative to
define a first zone for the second track segment having the first set of controller gain values, define a second zone for the second track segment having the second set of controller gain values, drive the second coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone for the second track segment, and drive the first coils to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone for the second track segment. 9. The transport system of claim 8, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment. 10. The transport system of claim 8, wherein the track includes a junction coupling the first track segment and the second track segment, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment at the junction. 11. The transport system of claim 8, further comprising a third controller in communication with the first controller and the second controller. 12. A method to extend range of operations in an independent mover transport system comprising
a mover having an axis, a track comprising a first track segment including a first coil, a second track segment adjacent to the first track segment and including a second coil, and a controller operative to drive the first coil to control movement of the mover along the first track segment towards the second track segment, the method comprising:
moving the mover along the track;
defining a first zone for the first track segment having a first set of controller gain values;
defining a second zone for the first track segment having a second set of controller gain values;
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the first set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone; and
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the controller includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, wherein the first set of controller gain values includes a first proportional gain value, a first integral gain value, and a first derivative gain value, and wherein the second set of controller gain values includes a second proportional gain value, a second integral gain value, and a second derivative gain value. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
defining a transition zone for the first track segment, the transition zone being located between the first zone and the second zone;
interpolating a third set of controller gain values using the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone, the interpolation of the third set being based on the position of the axis; and
driving the first coil to control movement of the mover with the third set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the transition zone. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the interpolation of the third set is a linear interpolation between the first set of controller gain values and the second set of controller gain values based on the position of the axis. 16. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
defining a hysteresis zone for the first track segment;
when the mover is moving under the first set of controller gain values, then the first controller gain values switching to the second set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the second zone; and
when the mover is moving under the second set of controller gain values, then the second controller gain values switching to the first set of controller gain values when the axis of mover moves though hysteresis zone into the first zone. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first track segment includes the controller, wherein the track includes a third track segment adjacent to the second track segment opposite the first track segment, wherein the second track segment includes a second controller operative to drive the second coil to control movement of the mover along the second track segment towards the third track segment, the method further comprising:
defining a first zone for the second track segment having the first set of controller gain values, defining a second zone for the second track segment having the second set of controller gain values, driving the second coil to control movement of the mover with the first controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the first zone for the second track segment, and driving the first coils to control movement of the mover with the second set of controller gain values when the location of the axis is in the second zone for the second track segment. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second zone for the second track segment is adjacent to the second zone for the first track segment. | 3,600 |
341,740 | 16,802,078 | 3,634 | System and method for simultaneous object detection and semantic segmentation. The system includes a computing device. The computing device has a processor and a non-volatile memory storing computer executable code. The computer executable code, when executed at the processor, is configured to: receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image. The object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component. | 1. A system for object detection and semantic segmentation, the system comprising a computing device, the computing device comprising a processor and a non-volatile memory storing computer executable code, wherein the computer executable code, when executed at the processor, is configured to:
receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein training data for the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module comprises: a training image, at least one bounding box defined in the training image, label of the at least one bounding box, and mask of the training image. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the object detection module is a single shot detector (SSD). 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein for a 512×512 resolution of the image, the neural network backbone convolutionally adds 64×64 information and 32×32 information to the detection layer, and the five convolutional layers respectively add 16×16 information, 8×8 information, 4×4 information, 2×2 information, and 1×1 information to the detection layer. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the semantic segmentation module is a pyramid pooling module. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain per-pixel prediction as the semantic segmentation result. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the pooled features are at sizes of 1×1, 2×2, 3×3, and 6×6. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable code is further configured to control an operative device in the scene based on the object detection result and the semantic segmentation result. 10. A method for object detection and semantic segmentation, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, an image of a scene; processing, by the computing device, the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; processing, by the computing device, the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and processing, by the computing device, the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein training data for the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module comprises: a training image, at least one bounding box defined in the training image, label of the at least one bounding box, and mask of the training image. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection module is a single shot detector. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein for a 512×512 resolution of the image, the neural network backbone convolutionally adds 64×64 information and 32×32 information to the detection layer, and the five convolutional layers respectively add 16×16 information, 8×8 information, 4×4 information, 2×2 information, and 1×1 information to the detection layer. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the semantic segmentation module is a pyramid pooling module. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain the semantic segmentation result. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising: controlling an operative device in the scene based on the object detection result and the semantic segmentation result. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer executable code, wherein the computer executable code, when executed at a processor of a computing device, is configured to:
receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain per-pixel prediction as the semantic segmentation result. | System and method for simultaneous object detection and semantic segmentation. The system includes a computing device. The computing device has a processor and a non-volatile memory storing computer executable code. The computer executable code, when executed at the processor, is configured to: receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image. The object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component.1. A system for object detection and semantic segmentation, the system comprising a computing device, the computing device comprising a processor and a non-volatile memory storing computer executable code, wherein the computer executable code, when executed at the processor, is configured to:
receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein training data for the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module comprises: a training image, at least one bounding box defined in the training image, label of the at least one bounding box, and mask of the training image. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the object detection module is a single shot detector (SSD). 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein for a 512×512 resolution of the image, the neural network backbone convolutionally adds 64×64 information and 32×32 information to the detection layer, and the five convolutional layers respectively add 16×16 information, 8×8 information, 4×4 information, 2×2 information, and 1×1 information to the detection layer. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the semantic segmentation module is a pyramid pooling module. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain per-pixel prediction as the semantic segmentation result. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the pooled features are at sizes of 1×1, 2×2, 3×3, and 6×6. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer executable code is further configured to control an operative device in the scene based on the object detection result and the semantic segmentation result. 10. A method for object detection and semantic segmentation, comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, an image of a scene; processing, by the computing device, the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; processing, by the computing device, the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and processing, by the computing device, the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein training data for the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module comprises: a training image, at least one bounding box defined in the training image, label of the at least one bounding box, and mask of the training image. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection module is a single shot detector. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein for a 512×512 resolution of the image, the neural network backbone convolutionally adds 64×64 information and 32×32 information to the detection layer, and the five convolutional layers respectively add 16×16 information, 8×8 information, 4×4 information, 2×2 information, and 1×1 information to the detection layer. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the semantic segmentation module is a pyramid pooling module. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain the semantic segmentation result. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising: controlling an operative device in the scene based on the object detection result and the semantic segmentation result. 18. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer executable code, wherein the computer executable code, when executed at a processor of a computing device, is configured to:
receive an image of a scene; process the image using a neural network backbone to obtain a feature map; process the feature map using an object detection module to obtain object detection result of the image; and process the feature map using a semantic segmentation module to obtain semantic segmentation result of the image, wherein the object detection module and the semantic segmentation module are trained using a same loss function comprising an object detection component and a semantic segmentation component; and wherein the neural network backbone comprises a ResNet18 backbone truncated away from its 4th block. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the object detection module consists of sequentially:
five convolution layers; a detection layer; and a non-maximum suppression (NMS) layer. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the semantic segmentation module consists sequentially:
a pooling module pooling the feature map to obtain pooled features at different sizes; a plurality of convolution layers each convoluting one of the pooled features at different sizes to obtain convoluted features at different sizes; an upsample module receiving the convoluted features at different sizes to obtain upsampled feature; a concatenation layer receiving the upsampled feature and feature from the neural network backbone to obtain concatenated feature; and a convolution layer convoluting the concatenated feature to obtain per-pixel prediction as the semantic segmentation result. | 3,600 |
341,741 | 16,802,115 | 3,763 | The invention relates to a device for chilling and heating of fluids, particularly beverages and liquid foods. The heating or cooling device can include a container encasing an insulation system, a cover or lid for covering the container, and the insulation system. The insulation system can include a coil made of a temperature-conductive material and fashioned to connect to an inlet in the cover and to an outlet in the container. The cover can also include a fluid reservoir for accepting the liquid to be processed, and an open section providing a passageway for adding additional insulating material to the insulating system while the device is in use. Once the device is assembled, a liquid can be poured into the fluid reservoir, pass through the coil that carries the liquid through the insulating system, and exit the container as a chilled or heated liquid. | 1. A portable device for chilling and heating a fluid, the device comprising:
a container for receiving an insulating material having:
a fluid-tight lower floor section having an outlet;
a non-fluid-tight upper section; and
a sidewall there between;
a cover defining a closure for the upper section of the container, the cover having an open section and a solid section; a fluid reservoir in the solid section of the cover, the fluid reservoir for receiving a fluid, and the fluid reservoir including an intake; a coil of temperature-conductive tubing having:
an upper end portion for communicating with the intake; and
a lower end portion for communicating with the outlet;
the coil being housed within a lower section of the container in spaced relation with the sidewall;
wherein when the insulating material is placed in the container, and when the fluid circulates through the coil, the fluid passes from a first temperature to a second temperature different than the first temperature. 2. The device of claim 1:
the fluid reservoir including a peripheral wall for communicating with a portion of the upper section of the container, the peripheral wall including one or more protrusions; and the upper section of the container including one or more corresponding recesses; wherein, when the cover engages the container, the protrusion can matingly engage the recess. 3. The device of claim 2, comprising a handle;
wherein, when the protrusion matingly engages the recess, the open section of the cover is located proximate to the handle. 4. The device of claim 1:
the intake comprising a channel for engaging the coil; and the outlet comprising a channel for engaging the coil. 5. The device of claim 1, the upper and lower end portions of the coil each including a gasket for engaging the intake and the outlet, respectively. 6. The device of claim 1, comprising a plug for each of the end portions of the coil. 7. The device of claim 1, the fluid reservoir defining a depression, the intake positioned in a central portion of the depression. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the temperature-conductive tubing is made of a metal or a metal alloy. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein the insulating material is ice. 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the open section provides a passageway for the addition of the insulating material after the cover engages the container. 11. A liquid cooling and dispensing device, the device comprising:
an enclosure defining an inner chamber, the enclosure comprising:
a lower portion having a floor, the floor including a first opening; and
an upper portion having a mouth;
a closure for covering the mouth, the closure including a second opening; and a conduit extending inside the inner chamber and providing a passage for transporting the liquid between the first opening and the second opening; wherein a cooling material can be placed inside the inner chamber and in contact with the conduit, such that when the liquid circulates through the device, the liquid passes from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 12. The device of claim 11, the closure comprising a liquid reservoir, the liquid reservoir comprising the first opening;
wherein the liquid can be poured into the reservoir to enter the conduit via the first opening. 13. The device of claim 11, the closure comprising an open section allowing for the addition of an insulating material after the cover engages the container. 14. The device of claim 13:
the liquid reservoir including a peripheral wall for communicating with a portion of the upper section of the container, the peripheral wall including one or more protrusions; and the upper section of the container including one or more corresponding recesses; wherein, when the cover engages the container, the protrusion can engage the recess. 15. The device of claim 14, comprising a handle;
wherein, when the protrusions engages the recesses, the open section of the cover is located proximate to the handle. 16. The device of claim 11:
the intake comprising a channel for engaging the conduit; and the outlet comprising a channel for engaging the conduit. 17. The device of claim 11, comprising a plug for each of the end portions of the coil. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the temperature-conductive tubing is made of a metal or a metal alloy. 19. The device of claim 13, wherein the insulating material is ice. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the open section provides a passageway for the addition of the cooling material after the cover engages the container. | The invention relates to a device for chilling and heating of fluids, particularly beverages and liquid foods. The heating or cooling device can include a container encasing an insulation system, a cover or lid for covering the container, and the insulation system. The insulation system can include a coil made of a temperature-conductive material and fashioned to connect to an inlet in the cover and to an outlet in the container. The cover can also include a fluid reservoir for accepting the liquid to be processed, and an open section providing a passageway for adding additional insulating material to the insulating system while the device is in use. Once the device is assembled, a liquid can be poured into the fluid reservoir, pass through the coil that carries the liquid through the insulating system, and exit the container as a chilled or heated liquid.1. A portable device for chilling and heating a fluid, the device comprising:
a container for receiving an insulating material having:
a fluid-tight lower floor section having an outlet;
a non-fluid-tight upper section; and
a sidewall there between;
a cover defining a closure for the upper section of the container, the cover having an open section and a solid section; a fluid reservoir in the solid section of the cover, the fluid reservoir for receiving a fluid, and the fluid reservoir including an intake; a coil of temperature-conductive tubing having:
an upper end portion for communicating with the intake; and
a lower end portion for communicating with the outlet;
the coil being housed within a lower section of the container in spaced relation with the sidewall;
wherein when the insulating material is placed in the container, and when the fluid circulates through the coil, the fluid passes from a first temperature to a second temperature different than the first temperature. 2. The device of claim 1:
the fluid reservoir including a peripheral wall for communicating with a portion of the upper section of the container, the peripheral wall including one or more protrusions; and the upper section of the container including one or more corresponding recesses; wherein, when the cover engages the container, the protrusion can matingly engage the recess. 3. The device of claim 2, comprising a handle;
wherein, when the protrusion matingly engages the recess, the open section of the cover is located proximate to the handle. 4. The device of claim 1:
the intake comprising a channel for engaging the coil; and the outlet comprising a channel for engaging the coil. 5. The device of claim 1, the upper and lower end portions of the coil each including a gasket for engaging the intake and the outlet, respectively. 6. The device of claim 1, comprising a plug for each of the end portions of the coil. 7. The device of claim 1, the fluid reservoir defining a depression, the intake positioned in a central portion of the depression. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the temperature-conductive tubing is made of a metal or a metal alloy. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein the insulating material is ice. 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the open section provides a passageway for the addition of the insulating material after the cover engages the container. 11. A liquid cooling and dispensing device, the device comprising:
an enclosure defining an inner chamber, the enclosure comprising:
a lower portion having a floor, the floor including a first opening; and
an upper portion having a mouth;
a closure for covering the mouth, the closure including a second opening; and a conduit extending inside the inner chamber and providing a passage for transporting the liquid between the first opening and the second opening; wherein a cooling material can be placed inside the inner chamber and in contact with the conduit, such that when the liquid circulates through the device, the liquid passes from a first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature. 12. The device of claim 11, the closure comprising a liquid reservoir, the liquid reservoir comprising the first opening;
wherein the liquid can be poured into the reservoir to enter the conduit via the first opening. 13. The device of claim 11, the closure comprising an open section allowing for the addition of an insulating material after the cover engages the container. 14. The device of claim 13:
the liquid reservoir including a peripheral wall for communicating with a portion of the upper section of the container, the peripheral wall including one or more protrusions; and the upper section of the container including one or more corresponding recesses; wherein, when the cover engages the container, the protrusion can engage the recess. 15. The device of claim 14, comprising a handle;
wherein, when the protrusions engages the recesses, the open section of the cover is located proximate to the handle. 16. The device of claim 11:
the intake comprising a channel for engaging the conduit; and the outlet comprising a channel for engaging the conduit. 17. The device of claim 11, comprising a plug for each of the end portions of the coil. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the temperature-conductive tubing is made of a metal or a metal alloy. 19. The device of claim 13, wherein the insulating material is ice. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the open section provides a passageway for the addition of the cooling material after the cover engages the container. | 3,700 |
341,742 | 16,802,122 | 3,763 | An illumination device includes a light guide plate to guide light that is provided with a cutout portion with a portion partially cut out, a plate surface of the light guide plate is provided with an auxiliary light guide plate extending from a light incident surface to a region between the cutout portion and a counter light incident surface, an auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, among end faces of the auxiliary light guide plate, disposed on the light incident surface side is provided with an auxiliary light source, and a region, of the auxiliary light guide plate, overlapping the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface is a light exit section configured to output light from the auxiliary light source toward the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface. | 1. An illumination device comprising:
a light source; and a light guide plate configured to guide light from the light source, wherein the light guide plate includes a light incident surface on which the light from the light source is incident, a counter light incident surface opposite to the light incident surface, a light exit surface that is one of a pair of plate surfaces and outputs the light, and a counter light exit surface opposite to the light exit surface, and is provided with a cutout portion with a portion partially cut out, at least one of the pair of plate surfaces of the light guide plate is provided with an auxiliary light guide plate, the auxiliary light guide plate being configured with a plate-shaped member extending from the light incident surface to a region between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface, an auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, among end faces of the auxiliary light guide plate, disposed on the light incident surface side is provided with an auxiliary light source, the auxiliary light source being configured to emit light toward the auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, and a region, of the auxiliary light guide plate, overlapping the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface is a light exit section, the light exit section being configured to output light from the auxiliary light source toward the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface. 2. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is disposed to overlap the counter light exit surface of the light guide plate. 3. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the light incident surface of the light guide plate and the auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface of the auxiliary light guide plate are disposed to be overlapped with each other. 4. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is disposed to entirely overlap the light guide plate. 5. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the cutout portion is a through-hole penetrating the light guide plate. 6. The illumination device according to claim 5,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is formed into a U-shape including a pair of linear portions and a bent portion, the pair of linear portions extending from the light incident surface to a lateral side portions of the through-hole, and the bent portion being curved or bent to wrap around inward the through-hole continuously from the linear portions. 7. The illumination device according to claim 6,
wherein a reflection sheet that reflects light is provided on an end face on an outer peripheral side of the bent portion. 8. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the cutout portion is a recessed portion recessed concavely from a side edge of the light guide plate. 9. A display device comprising:
the illumination device according to claim 1; and a display panel configured to perform display by using light from the illumination device. 10. The display device according to claim 9,
wherein the display panel includes a panel cutout portion cut out along the cutout portion at a position corresponding to the cutout portion. | An illumination device includes a light guide plate to guide light that is provided with a cutout portion with a portion partially cut out, a plate surface of the light guide plate is provided with an auxiliary light guide plate extending from a light incident surface to a region between the cutout portion and a counter light incident surface, an auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, among end faces of the auxiliary light guide plate, disposed on the light incident surface side is provided with an auxiliary light source, and a region, of the auxiliary light guide plate, overlapping the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface is a light exit section configured to output light from the auxiliary light source toward the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface.1. An illumination device comprising:
a light source; and a light guide plate configured to guide light from the light source, wherein the light guide plate includes a light incident surface on which the light from the light source is incident, a counter light incident surface opposite to the light incident surface, a light exit surface that is one of a pair of plate surfaces and outputs the light, and a counter light exit surface opposite to the light exit surface, and is provided with a cutout portion with a portion partially cut out, at least one of the pair of plate surfaces of the light guide plate is provided with an auxiliary light guide plate, the auxiliary light guide plate being configured with a plate-shaped member extending from the light incident surface to a region between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface, an auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, among end faces of the auxiliary light guide plate, disposed on the light incident surface side is provided with an auxiliary light source, the auxiliary light source being configured to emit light toward the auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface, and a region, of the auxiliary light guide plate, overlapping the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface is a light exit section, the light exit section being configured to output light from the auxiliary light source toward the region of the light guide plate between the cutout portion and the counter light incident surface. 2. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is disposed to overlap the counter light exit surface of the light guide plate. 3. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the light incident surface of the light guide plate and the auxiliary light guide plate-side light incident surface of the auxiliary light guide plate are disposed to be overlapped with each other. 4. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is disposed to entirely overlap the light guide plate. 5. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the cutout portion is a through-hole penetrating the light guide plate. 6. The illumination device according to claim 5,
wherein the auxiliary light guide plate is formed into a U-shape including a pair of linear portions and a bent portion, the pair of linear portions extending from the light incident surface to a lateral side portions of the through-hole, and the bent portion being curved or bent to wrap around inward the through-hole continuously from the linear portions. 7. The illumination device according to claim 6,
wherein a reflection sheet that reflects light is provided on an end face on an outer peripheral side of the bent portion. 8. The illumination device according to claim 1,
wherein the cutout portion is a recessed portion recessed concavely from a side edge of the light guide plate. 9. A display device comprising:
the illumination device according to claim 1; and a display panel configured to perform display by using light from the illumination device. 10. The display device according to claim 9,
wherein the display panel includes a panel cutout portion cut out along the cutout portion at a position corresponding to the cutout portion. | 3,700 |
341,743 | 16,802,113 | 3,763 | Embodiments herein relate to systems, devices and methods for managing pharmacological therapeutics and aspects of the same. In an embodiment, a hearing assistance device can include a control circuit, an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit, a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit, and a sensor package in electrical communication with the control circuit. The control circuit can be configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect administration of a therapy or receive data indicating that administration of a therapy has taken place. The control circuit can also be configured to record an instance of a detected medication administration event along with a timestamp. Other embodiments are also included herein. | 1. A hearing assistance device comprising
a control circuit; an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit; a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit; a sensor package in electrical communication with the control circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to
evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect administration of a therapy; or
receive data indicating that administration of a therapy has taken place; and
wherein the control circuit is configured to record an instance of a therapy administration event along with a timestamp. 2. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the sensor package comprising at least two of a motion sensor, an IMU, an accelerometer (3, 6, or 9 axis), a gyroscope, a barometer, an altimeter, a magnetometer, a magnetic sensor, an eye movement sensor, a pressure sensor, an acoustic sensor, a telecoil, a heart rate sensor, a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a temperature sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a pulse oximeter sensor, an optical sensor, a light sensor, a blood glucose sensor, a galvanic skin response sensor, a cortisol level sensor, a microphone, acoustic sensor, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, an electroencephalography (EEG) sensor, sensor, an electrooculogram (EOG) sensor, a myographic potential electrode sensor (EMG), a blood perfusion sensor, hydrometer, a sweat sensor, a cerumen sensor, an air quality sensor, a pupillometry sensor, a cortisol level sensor, a hematocrit sensor, and an image sensor. 3. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the administration of a therapy comprising a medication administration event. 4. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the control circuit further configured to issue a prompt to a hearing assistance device wearer to administer a therapy. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein a notification of the instance of the detected therapy administration event is sent to an electronic medical record system. 8. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein a notification of the instance of the detected therapy administration event is sent to a pharmacist through a pharmacy management system. 9-10. (canceled) 11. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect at least one of chewing and swallowing. 12. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect swallowing of a liquid. 13. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, further comprising querying the hearing assistance device wearer to confirm an instance of a detected therapy administration event. 14-15. (canceled) 16. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect an adverse medication side effect. 17. The hearing assistance device of claim 16, the adverse medication side effect comprising at least one of orthostatic hypotension, increased postural sway, unsteadiness, impaired alertness, dizziness, dry mouth, changes in mood or behavior, seizure, depression, insomnia, difficulty thinking, fever, abnormal heart rhythms, nausea, abnormal bowel movements, difficulty swallowing, and loss of appetite. 18. (canceled) 19. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect a change in average daily physical activity. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect one or more of a vestibular disturbance and nystagmus. 23. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the sensor package further comprising a light sensor. 24. A health monitoring device comprising
a control circuit; a motion sensor in electrical communication with the control circuit; a microphone in electrical communication with the control circuit; an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit; a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit; wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the motion sensors and the microphone to detect an excretion event and record the excretion event along with a timestamp. 25. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit is further configured to further evaluate a signal from a location sensor to detect an excretion event and record the excretion event along with a timestamp. 26. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit is further configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the motion sensor and the microphone to detect swallowing of liquids or foods and record the same along with a timestamp. 27. The health monitoring device of claim 26, wherein the control circuit is further configured to estimate fluid balance changes based on detected excretion and detecting swallowing of liquids. 28. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit uses calibration data to convert sensor data into urine flow data. 29. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit receives data from a separate device, the data including urine volume data. 30-67. (canceled) | Embodiments herein relate to systems, devices and methods for managing pharmacological therapeutics and aspects of the same. In an embodiment, a hearing assistance device can include a control circuit, an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit, a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit, and a sensor package in electrical communication with the control circuit. The control circuit can be configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect administration of a therapy or receive data indicating that administration of a therapy has taken place. The control circuit can also be configured to record an instance of a detected medication administration event along with a timestamp. Other embodiments are also included herein.1. A hearing assistance device comprising
a control circuit; an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit; a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit; a sensor package in electrical communication with the control circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured to
evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect administration of a therapy; or
receive data indicating that administration of a therapy has taken place; and
wherein the control circuit is configured to record an instance of a therapy administration event along with a timestamp. 2. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the sensor package comprising at least two of a motion sensor, an IMU, an accelerometer (3, 6, or 9 axis), a gyroscope, a barometer, an altimeter, a magnetometer, a magnetic sensor, an eye movement sensor, a pressure sensor, an acoustic sensor, a telecoil, a heart rate sensor, a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a temperature sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a pulse oximeter sensor, an optical sensor, a light sensor, a blood glucose sensor, a galvanic skin response sensor, a cortisol level sensor, a microphone, acoustic sensor, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor, an electroencephalography (EEG) sensor, sensor, an electrooculogram (EOG) sensor, a myographic potential electrode sensor (EMG), a blood perfusion sensor, hydrometer, a sweat sensor, a cerumen sensor, an air quality sensor, a pupillometry sensor, a cortisol level sensor, a hematocrit sensor, and an image sensor. 3. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the administration of a therapy comprising a medication administration event. 4. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the control circuit further configured to issue a prompt to a hearing assistance device wearer to administer a therapy. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein a notification of the instance of the detected therapy administration event is sent to an electronic medical record system. 8. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein a notification of the instance of the detected therapy administration event is sent to a pharmacist through a pharmacy management system. 9-10. (canceled) 11. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect at least one of chewing and swallowing. 12. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect swallowing of a liquid. 13. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, further comprising querying the hearing assistance device wearer to confirm an instance of a detected therapy administration event. 14-15. (canceled) 16. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect an adverse medication side effect. 17. The hearing assistance device of claim 16, the adverse medication side effect comprising at least one of orthostatic hypotension, increased postural sway, unsteadiness, impaired alertness, dizziness, dry mouth, changes in mood or behavior, seizure, depression, insomnia, difficulty thinking, fever, abnormal heart rhythms, nausea, abnormal bowel movements, difficulty swallowing, and loss of appetite. 18. (canceled) 19. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect a change in average daily physical activity. 20-21. (canceled) 22. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the sensors of the sensor package to detect one or more of a vestibular disturbance and nystagmus. 23. The hearing assistance device of claim 1, the sensor package further comprising a light sensor. 24. A health monitoring device comprising
a control circuit; a motion sensor in electrical communication with the control circuit; a microphone in electrical communication with the control circuit; an electroacoustic transducer for generating sound in electrical communication with the control circuit; a power supply circuit in electrical communication with the control circuit; wherein the control circuit is configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the motion sensors and the microphone to detect an excretion event and record the excretion event along with a timestamp. 25. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit is further configured to further evaluate a signal from a location sensor to detect an excretion event and record the excretion event along with a timestamp. 26. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit is further configured to evaluate a signal from at least one of the motion sensor and the microphone to detect swallowing of liquids or foods and record the same along with a timestamp. 27. The health monitoring device of claim 26, wherein the control circuit is further configured to estimate fluid balance changes based on detected excretion and detecting swallowing of liquids. 28. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit uses calibration data to convert sensor data into urine flow data. 29. The health monitoring device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit receives data from a separate device, the data including urine volume data. 30-67. (canceled) | 3,700 |
341,744 | 16,802,111 | 2,654 | A method for operating a beamforming microphone array for use in a predetermined area comprising: receiving acoustic audio signals at each of a plurality of microphones, converting the same to an electrical mic audio signal, and outputting each of the plurality of electrical mic audio signals; generating a user location data signal by a wave sensor system, and outputting the user location data signal, wherein the user location data signal includes location information of one or more people within the predetermined area; receiving both the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals at an adaptive beamforming device; adapting one or more beams by the adaptive beamforming device based on the user location data signal and plurality of output electrical mic audio signals wherein each of the one or more beams acquires sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and performing acoustic echo cancellation on each of the one or more beams output from the adaptive beamforming device. | 1. A method for operating a beamforming microphone array for use in a predetermined area comprising:
receiving acoustic audio signals at each of a plurality of microphones, converting the same to an electrical mic audio signal, and outputting each of the plurality of electrical mic audio signals; generating a user location data signal by a wave sensor system, and outputting the user location data signal, wherein the user location data signal includes location information of one or more people within the predetermined area; receiving both the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals at an adaptive beamforming device; adapting one or more beams by the adaptive beamforming device based on the user location data signal and plurality of output electrical mic audio signals wherein each of the one or more beams acquires sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and performing acoustic echo cancellation on each of the one or more beams output from the adaptive beamforming device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the wave sensor system, a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The method according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
adapting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: adapting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more fixed beam positions to cover a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining a direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals by an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm stored with the adaptive beamforming circuit. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
determining the direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals, in the adaptive beamforming circuit, using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining, by the wave sensor system, motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the method further comprises: substantially eliminating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
using the room occupancy status by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
transmitting the room occupancy status to a room monitoring system. 24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by a first communication device, a reference signal (218) from a remote source; forwarding the reference signal to each of the one or more of the acoustic echo cancellation devices; and deleting, by each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 28. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, new beams no faster than a first beam formation rate; and performing, by the acoustic echo cancellation device, echo cancellation no faster than a first echo cancellation rate, and still further wherein
the first echo cancellation rate and the first beam formation rate are substantially equivalent. 29. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 30. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: extracting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, location information for each person in the conference room; and generating a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 31. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 32. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:
adjusting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 33. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
removing noise, by a plurality of active noise reduction circuits, one for each acoustic echo cancellation device, from an output of its respective acoustic echo cancellation device; outputting a noise reduced audio signal; receiving, by an N−1 auto-mixer device, the plurality of noise reduced audio signals from the plurality of active noise reductions circuits; combining the plurality of noise reduced audio signals to output a single near end audio signal; and receiving, by an Ethernet communication device, a reference signal (218) from a remote source; outputting the reference signal to one or more speakers in the predetermined area; forwarding the reference signal to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices; deleting, by the acoustic echo cancellation device, the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices; and extracting, by a power-over-Ethernet device, electrical power over one or more Ethernet communications cables and providing the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming microphone array. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 35. The method according to claim 33, further comprising:
outputting, by one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, status outputs from each of the sensors; receiving the sensors outputs by the Ethernet communications device; and transmitting, by the Ethernet communications device, the sensor outputs. 36. The method according to claim 34, further comprising:
recognizing, by the wave sensor system, gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | A method for operating a beamforming microphone array for use in a predetermined area comprising: receiving acoustic audio signals at each of a plurality of microphones, converting the same to an electrical mic audio signal, and outputting each of the plurality of electrical mic audio signals; generating a user location data signal by a wave sensor system, and outputting the user location data signal, wherein the user location data signal includes location information of one or more people within the predetermined area; receiving both the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals at an adaptive beamforming device; adapting one or more beams by the adaptive beamforming device based on the user location data signal and plurality of output electrical mic audio signals wherein each of the one or more beams acquires sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and performing acoustic echo cancellation on each of the one or more beams output from the adaptive beamforming device.1. A method for operating a beamforming microphone array for use in a predetermined area comprising:
receiving acoustic audio signals at each of a plurality of microphones, converting the same to an electrical mic audio signal, and outputting each of the plurality of electrical mic audio signals; generating a user location data signal by a wave sensor system, and outputting the user location data signal, wherein the user location data signal includes location information of one or more people within the predetermined area; receiving both the user location data signal and plurality of mic audio signals at an adaptive beamforming device; adapting one or more beams by the adaptive beamforming device based on the user location data signal and plurality of output electrical mic audio signals wherein each of the one or more beams acquires sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area; and performing acoustic echo cancellation on each of the one or more beams output from the adaptive beamforming device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
a millimeter (mm) wave transmitter; and a wave receiver. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wave sensor system comprises:
an optical transmitter; and an optical receiver. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the wave sensor system, a three dimensional image of the predetermined area and output the same as an area image data signal. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the received area image data signal to adapt one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the beam audio signals to reduce noise reflected off one or more objects within the predetermined area based on the area image data signal. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
information as to where motion is occurring within the predetermined area. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area substantially eliminates objects that are substantially at rest. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the information contained within the area image data signal that motion is occurring within the predetermined area does not include objects that move with a substantial constant velocity. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the object that moves with a substantially constant periodicity comprises a fan. 11. The method according to claim 4, wherein the area image data signal comprises:
distance information between the wave sensor system and objects within the predetermined area. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein
the objects comprise one or more of a floor, table, walls, and other furniture. 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
adapting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more beams that takes into account the distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more of a beam width, beam reception angle, and range of the beam based on the received distance information generated by the wave sensor system. 15. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore voice signals that originate from outside the areas where the users are located. 16. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, the area image data signal, the user location data signal, and the plurality of mic audio signals; and performing adaptive beamforming on the plurality of mic audio signals that takes into account the information in the area image data signal and the user location data signal, such that
the adaptive beamforming circuit is further adapted to substantially ignore audio signals generated from one or more of a television and stereo. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, there is at least one table located in the conference room, and further wherein the area image data signal includes information as to a location of the at least one table in the conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: adapting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more fixed beam positions to cover a perimeter of the at least one table in the conference room. 18. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining a direction of arrival of one or more microphone generated audio signals by an acoustic audio direction of arrival algorithm stored with the adaptive beamforming circuit. 19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising:
determining the direction of arrival of the one or more microphone generated audio signals, in the adaptive beamforming circuit, using information in the area image data signal received from the wave sensor system. 20. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
determining, by the wave sensor system, motion of one or more objects located in the predetermined area. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein
the wave sensor system can include the object motion information about the predetermined area in the area image data signal, and wherein the method further comprises: substantially eliminating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, fixed objects and objects moving at a substantially constant rate to determine a number of people located in the predetermined area, and output the same as a room occupancy status. 22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
using the room occupancy status by other interconnected systems to control one or more of lights, temperature, and audio-video equipment in the conference room. 23. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
transmitting the room occupancy status to a room monitoring system. 24. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area comprises:
a conference room. 25. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, one or more beams to acquire sound from one or more specific locations in the predetermined area. 26. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by a first communication device, a reference signal (218) from a remote source; forwarding the reference signal to each of the one or more of the acoustic echo cancellation devices; and deleting, by each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices, the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices. 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 28. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, new beams no faster than a first beam formation rate; and performing, by the acoustic echo cancellation device, echo cancellation no faster than a first echo cancellation rate, and still further wherein
the first echo cancellation rate and the first beam formation rate are substantially equivalent. 29. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the wave sensor system is adapted to resolve distances within the predetermined area within about 1 mm and within about 1 degree. 30. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: extracting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, location information for each person in the conference room; and generating a respective fixed beam position for each person in the conference room. 31. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the predetermined area is a conference room, and wherein the method further comprises: modifying, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, if the user location data signal indicates that there are more people than beams that can be formed, one or more of the fixed beam positions to cover two or more people in the conference room such that each person is covered by at least one fixed beam. 32. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:
adjusting, by the adaptive beamforming circuit, a beam width and shape to cover two or more people in the conference room. 33. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
removing noise, by a plurality of active noise reduction circuits, one for each acoustic echo cancellation device, from an output of its respective acoustic echo cancellation device; outputting a noise reduced audio signal; receiving, by an N−1 auto-mixer device, the plurality of noise reduced audio signals from the plurality of active noise reductions circuits; combining the plurality of noise reduced audio signals to output a single near end audio signal; and receiving, by an Ethernet communication device, a reference signal (218) from a remote source; outputting the reference signal to one or more speakers in the predetermined area; forwarding the reference signal to each of the one or more acoustic echo cancellation devices; deleting, by the acoustic echo cancellation device, the reference signal from a respective one of the microphone audio signals received by the respective acoustic echo cancellation devices; and extracting, by a power-over-Ethernet device, electrical power over one or more Ethernet communications cables and providing the electrical power to the circuits in the beamforming microphone array. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein
the reference signal comprises a far end audio signal. 35. The method according to claim 33, further comprising:
outputting, by one or more of each of light sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors, status outputs from each of the sensors; receiving the sensors outputs by the Ethernet communications device; and transmitting, by the Ethernet communications device, the sensor outputs. 36. The method according to claim 34, further comprising:
recognizing, by the wave sensor system, gestures including one or more of hand motion and arm motion. 37. The method according to claim 36, wherein
the recognized gestures can control one or more functions in the conference room, and wherein the functions include one or more of lighting levels, audio levels, temperature levels, humidity levels, and positions of shades and/or curtains. | 2,600 |
341,745 | 16,802,105 | 2,654 | Firstly, an upper base material is disposed above a lower base material. Secondly, a laser beam is irradiated so that an area irradiated with a laser beam at a time of melting start is formed on only an upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and an end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded. With the end surface as a reference, a side the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side, and an opposite side of the first side is a second side. The laser beam is set such that an intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam. | 1. A method for manufacturing a joined body by joining an upper base material and a lower base material through a laser welding, the upper base material comprising an upper surface, a lower surface positioned on an opposite side of the upper surface, and an end surface positioned between an edge of the upper surface and an edge of the lower surface,
the method comprising: disposing the upper base material above the lower base material in such a manner that the lower surface faces the lower base material, and the end surface is elongated along the lower base material; and irradiating a laser beam so as to form an initial irradiation area on only the upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and the end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded, wherein the initial irradiation area is an area irradiated with the laser beam at a time of melting start because of the fillet welding, wherein a side where the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side and an opposite side of the first side is a second side, with the end surface as a reference, wherein a direction along which the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper base material are opposing is a reference direction, wherein an irradiation direction of the laser beam is inclined relative to the reference direction so that the laser beam travels toward the first side as the laser beam approaches the upper base material, and wherein the laser beam is set in such a manner that a first peak area on which an intensity of the laser beam irradiated is the highest among the irradiation area of the laser beam is formed, and that the intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 2. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is further set in such a manner that the intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the first side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 3. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is positioned on the upper surface of the upper base material. 4. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is positioned at a boundary between the upper surface and the end surface. 5. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is formed substantially in the middle between an end of the first side and an end of the second side within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 6. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the upper base material is arranged with an interspace between itself and the lower base material. 7. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the upper base material is a plate-shaped member. 8. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is set in such a manner that at least one second peak area is formed on the first side and/or the second side of the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam, and wherein the second peak area is an area in which the laser beam intensity is locally high and the laser beam intensity is lower than that in the first peak area. 9. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the initial irradiation area of the laser beam is formed at an area near a boundary between the upper surface and the end surface of the upper base material. 10. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the fillet welding is performed by displacing the irradiation area of the laser beam along a path extending in a substantially straight manner. | Firstly, an upper base material is disposed above a lower base material. Secondly, a laser beam is irradiated so that an area irradiated with a laser beam at a time of melting start is formed on only an upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and an end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded. With the end surface as a reference, a side the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side, and an opposite side of the first side is a second side. The laser beam is set such that an intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam.1. A method for manufacturing a joined body by joining an upper base material and a lower base material through a laser welding, the upper base material comprising an upper surface, a lower surface positioned on an opposite side of the upper surface, and an end surface positioned between an edge of the upper surface and an edge of the lower surface,
the method comprising: disposing the upper base material above the lower base material in such a manner that the lower surface faces the lower base material, and the end surface is elongated along the lower base material; and irradiating a laser beam so as to form an initial irradiation area on only the upper surface of the upper base material or on only both the upper surface and the end surface of the upper base material, whereby the end surface of the upper base material and the lower base material are fillet welded, wherein the initial irradiation area is an area irradiated with the laser beam at a time of melting start because of the fillet welding, wherein a side where the upper surface and the lower surface are positioned is a first side and an opposite side of the first side is a second side, with the end surface as a reference, wherein a direction along which the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper base material are opposing is a reference direction, wherein an irradiation direction of the laser beam is inclined relative to the reference direction so that the laser beam travels toward the first side as the laser beam approaches the upper base material, and wherein the laser beam is set in such a manner that a first peak area on which an intensity of the laser beam irradiated is the highest among the irradiation area of the laser beam is formed, and that the intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the second side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 2. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is further set in such a manner that the intensity of the laser beam is lower toward the first side from the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 3. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is positioned on the upper surface of the upper base material. 4. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is positioned at a boundary between the upper surface and the end surface. 5. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the first peak area of the laser beam is formed substantially in the middle between an end of the first side and an end of the second side within the irradiation area of the laser beam. 6. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the upper base material is arranged with an interspace between itself and the lower base material. 7. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the upper base material is a plate-shaped member. 8. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is set in such a manner that at least one second peak area is formed on the first side and/or the second side of the first peak area within the irradiation area of the laser beam, and wherein the second peak area is an area in which the laser beam intensity is locally high and the laser beam intensity is lower than that in the first peak area. 9. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the initial irradiation area of the laser beam is formed at an area near a boundary between the upper surface and the end surface of the upper base material. 10. The method for manufacturing the joined body according to claim 1,
wherein the fillet welding is performed by displacing the irradiation area of the laser beam along a path extending in a substantially straight manner. | 2,600 |
341,746 | 16,802,022 | 2,654 | Inkjet head cleaning and storage includes cleaning an orifice plate by inserting a tip of a shaped wiper into a slit of a printing mask, such that one or more shoulders of a handling end of the shaped wiper are in contact with respectively one or more edges of the slit. The shoulders of the shaped wiper facilitate the tip applying a predetermined pressure to an orifice surface during wiping. Preventing sediment buildup during extended periods of non-printing includes placing at least the orifice plate of the printing head in a protecting liquid that avoids evaporation of the volatile liquid from the nozzles. An innovative “night plate” can be used to seal the slit of a printing mask and ink purged from the printing head used to fill a gap between the printing head and the mask, thereby covering at least the orifice plate with purged ink. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for preventing sediment buildup during extended periods of non-printing, the method comprising:
providing a print head with a plurality of nozzles for expelling printing liquid; during a period of non-printing, flowing the printing liquid from a reservoir to the print head and through the plurality of nozzles to a retainer located below substantially all of the plurality of nozzles; and circulating printing liquid from the retainer to the reservoir to prevent buildup of solid sediments. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein circulating the printing liquid through the print head includes maintaining the print head without the plurality of nozzles becoming clogged. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising purging the printing liquid from the printing head to fill the retainer. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein during the period of non-printing and before purging, the method further includes heating the printing head to a predetermined temperature for lowering a viscosity of the printing liquid. 24. The method of claim 22, further includes heating the printing head before the purging is performed. 25. The method of claim 24, further includes agitating the printing liquid during the period of non-printing to prevent buildup of solid sediments. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the agitating of the printing liquid includes periodically flowing the printing liquid from the reservoir to the print head and from the retainer to the reservoir. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the agitating of the printing liquid includes periodically circulating the printing liquid from the reservoir to the print head about every 30 minutes. | Inkjet head cleaning and storage includes cleaning an orifice plate by inserting a tip of a shaped wiper into a slit of a printing mask, such that one or more shoulders of a handling end of the shaped wiper are in contact with respectively one or more edges of the slit. The shoulders of the shaped wiper facilitate the tip applying a predetermined pressure to an orifice surface during wiping. Preventing sediment buildup during extended periods of non-printing includes placing at least the orifice plate of the printing head in a protecting liquid that avoids evaporation of the volatile liquid from the nozzles. An innovative “night plate” can be used to seal the slit of a printing mask and ink purged from the printing head used to fill a gap between the printing head and the mask, thereby covering at least the orifice plate with purged ink.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for preventing sediment buildup during extended periods of non-printing, the method comprising:
providing a print head with a plurality of nozzles for expelling printing liquid; during a period of non-printing, flowing the printing liquid from a reservoir to the print head and through the plurality of nozzles to a retainer located below substantially all of the plurality of nozzles; and circulating printing liquid from the retainer to the reservoir to prevent buildup of solid sediments. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein circulating the printing liquid through the print head includes maintaining the print head without the plurality of nozzles becoming clogged. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising purging the printing liquid from the printing head to fill the retainer. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein during the period of non-printing and before purging, the method further includes heating the printing head to a predetermined temperature for lowering a viscosity of the printing liquid. 24. The method of claim 22, further includes heating the printing head before the purging is performed. 25. The method of claim 24, further includes agitating the printing liquid during the period of non-printing to prevent buildup of solid sediments. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the agitating of the printing liquid includes periodically flowing the printing liquid from the reservoir to the print head and from the retainer to the reservoir. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the agitating of the printing liquid includes periodically circulating the printing liquid from the reservoir to the print head about every 30 minutes. | 2,600 |
341,747 | 16,802,106 | 2,654 | A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer includes steps of loading a sample material into a vial having a size of 500 ml or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis, loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material, securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer, and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. A system of a cylindrical vial and a bead beater homogenizer is also provided. | 1. A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer, the method comprising steps of:
loading a sample material into a vial having a size of 500 ml or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis; loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material; securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer; and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating does not rotate the vial about the central vial axis. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the vial at 1500 rpm or greater. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform in a vertical motion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform back and forth along a distance of 1.25 inches. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the size of the vial is 740 ml or greater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a diameter of each ball is 7 mm or greater. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of balls includes 10 or more. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical sidewall of the vial has a diameter of 56 mm or greater. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform back and forth along a distance of 3.2 cm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vial has a length between the end walls along the central vial axis of 82 mm or greater. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of loading the sample includes loading a substantially dry, non-liquid sample material into the vial. 13. A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer, the method comprising steps of:
loading a sample material into a vial having a diameter of 56 mm or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis; loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material; securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer; and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis along a distance of 3.2 cm, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. 14. A system comprising:
a cylindrical vial having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis, wherein the vial has a size of 500 ml or greater; and a bead beater homogenizer for grinding large sample quantities comprising:
a movable platform;
a motor for oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing rotation of the balls in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall;
a vial holder configured to hold the cylindrical vial such that the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis; and
a clamp for securing the vial holder to the platform. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of balls to be placed within the vial. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein a diameter of each ball is7 mm or greater. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the motor is configured to oscillate the vial without rotating the vial about the central vial axis. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the size of the vial is 740 ml or greater. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the motor is configured to oscillate the vial at 1500 rpm or greater. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of balls includes 10 or more. | A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer includes steps of loading a sample material into a vial having a size of 500 ml or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis, loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material, securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer, and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. A system of a cylindrical vial and a bead beater homogenizer is also provided.1. A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer, the method comprising steps of:
loading a sample material into a vial having a size of 500 ml or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis; loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material; securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer; and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating does not rotate the vial about the central vial axis. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the vial at 1500 rpm or greater. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform in a vertical motion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform back and forth along a distance of 1.25 inches. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the size of the vial is 740 ml or greater. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a diameter of each ball is 7 mm or greater. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of balls includes 10 or more. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical sidewall of the vial has a diameter of 56 mm or greater. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of oscillating includes oscillating the platform back and forth along a distance of 3.2 cm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vial has a length between the end walls along the central vial axis of 82 mm or greater. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of loading the sample includes loading a substantially dry, non-liquid sample material into the vial. 13. A method of grinding large sample quantities using a bead beater homogenizer, the method comprising steps of:
loading a sample material into a vial having a diameter of 56 mm or greater having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis; loading a plurality of balls into the vial with the sample material; securing the vial to a movable platform of the homogenizer; and oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis along a distance of 3.2 cm, thereby causing the balls to move in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis. 14. A system comprising:
a cylindrical vial having a chamber enclosed by two end walls and a cylindrical sidewall defining a central vial axis, wherein the vial has a size of 500 ml or greater; and a bead beater homogenizer for grinding large sample quantities comprising:
a movable platform;
a motor for oscillating the platform in a back-and-forth motion isolated to a movement axis, thereby causing rotation of the balls in a circular motion along the cylindrical sidewall;
a vial holder configured to hold the cylindrical vial such that the central vial axis is perpendicular to the movement axis; and
a clamp for securing the vial holder to the platform. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a plurality of balls to be placed within the vial. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein a diameter of each ball is7 mm or greater. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the motor is configured to oscillate the vial without rotating the vial about the central vial axis. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the size of the vial is 740 ml or greater. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the motor is configured to oscillate the vial at 1500 rpm or greater. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of balls includes 10 or more. | 2,600 |
341,748 | 16,802,109 | 2,654 | A medical system comprises a medical instrument system and an assembly removably coupled to the medical instrument system. The assembly is configured to operate the medical instrument system by moving it within an anatomic passageway. The medical system also comprises a sensor system coupled to the instrument system and configured to generate information including spatial data and shape data about the instrument system. The medical system also comprises a control system communicatively coupled to the instrument system, the assembly, and the sensor system. The control system receives, from the sensor system, a first set of the spatial data including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system during a plurality of time periods. The control system also receives the shape data from the sensor system and filters the first set of the spatial data. | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A medical system, comprising:
a medical instrument system; an assembly removably coupled to the medical instrument system and configured to operate the medical instrument system including moving the medical instrument system within an anatomic passageway; a sensor system coupled to the medical instrument system and configured to generate information including spatial data and shape data about the medical instrument system; and a control system communicatively coupled to the medical instrument system, the assembly, and the sensor system and configured to perform operations including:
receive, from the sensor system, a first set of the spatial data including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system during a plurality of time periods,
receive, from the sensor system, the shape data, and
filter the first set of the spatial data including removing at least a portion of the spatial data based on the shape data. 31. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to remove the portion of the spatial data based on the portion of the spatial data being consistent with the received shape data. 32. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to remove the portion of the spatial data based on the portion of the spatial data being inconsistent with the received shape data. 33. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is further configured to:
receive a second set of spatial information from a model of the anatomic passageway; and register the filtered first set of the spatial data to the second set of spatial information. 34. The medical system of claim 33, wherein the second set of spatial information includes a plurality of voxels corresponding to the anatomic passageway. 35. The medical system of claim 33, wherein the second set of spatial information includes a voxel map associated with the anatomic passageway, and wherein the control system is further configured to:
evaluate a spatial relationship between a first spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data and a second spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data, wherein the second spatial data record is temporally-consecutive to the first spatial data record, including associating each of the first and second spatial data records with a voxel in the voxel map. 36. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data by removing at least a second portion of the spatial data based on the evaluated spatial relationship. 37. The medical system of claim 36, wherein the control system is configured to remove at least the second portion of the spatial data including track a quantity of spatial data records from the first set of the spatial data that corresponds to each voxel in the voxel map. 38. The medical system of claim 37, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including average the quantity of spatial data records for each voxel in the voxel map. 39. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including:
determine if the distance is below a distance threshold value; and remove one of the first or second spatial data records if the distance is below the distance threshold value. 40. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including:
determine if the distance is greater than a distance threshold value; and remove one of the first or second spatial data records if the distance is above the distance threshold value. 41. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and a distance threshold value for comparison with the distance is determined from a known maximum speed of the medical instrument system. 42. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and a distance threshold value for comparison with the distance is determined from a known speed of the medical instrument system both before and after the second spatial data record is obtained. 43. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data includes position information. 44. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data includes orientation information. 45. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data is received from an electromagnetic sensor on the medical instrument system. 46. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is further configured to render an image of the medical instrument system based on the filtered first set of the spatial data on a common display with an image of the anatomic passageway. 47. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data including remove at least one spatial data record from the first set of the spatial data. 48. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data including weight at least one spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data differently than another spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data. 49. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for a medical system, the non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the medical system to perform a method comprising:
move a medical instrument system positioned at least partly within an anatomic passageway; receive a first set of spatial data from the medical instrument system, the first set of spatial data including a plurality of spatial data records including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system at a plurality of time periods; receive shape data from a shape sensor disposed within the medical instrument system; and filter the first set of spatial data by removing at least one of the plurality of spatial data records based upon the received shape data. | A medical system comprises a medical instrument system and an assembly removably coupled to the medical instrument system. The assembly is configured to operate the medical instrument system by moving it within an anatomic passageway. The medical system also comprises a sensor system coupled to the instrument system and configured to generate information including spatial data and shape data about the instrument system. The medical system also comprises a control system communicatively coupled to the instrument system, the assembly, and the sensor system. The control system receives, from the sensor system, a first set of the spatial data including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system during a plurality of time periods. The control system also receives the shape data from the sensor system and filters the first set of the spatial data.1-29. (canceled) 30. A medical system, comprising:
a medical instrument system; an assembly removably coupled to the medical instrument system and configured to operate the medical instrument system including moving the medical instrument system within an anatomic passageway; a sensor system coupled to the medical instrument system and configured to generate information including spatial data and shape data about the medical instrument system; and a control system communicatively coupled to the medical instrument system, the assembly, and the sensor system and configured to perform operations including:
receive, from the sensor system, a first set of the spatial data including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system during a plurality of time periods,
receive, from the sensor system, the shape data, and
filter the first set of the spatial data including removing at least a portion of the spatial data based on the shape data. 31. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to remove the portion of the spatial data based on the portion of the spatial data being consistent with the received shape data. 32. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to remove the portion of the spatial data based on the portion of the spatial data being inconsistent with the received shape data. 33. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is further configured to:
receive a second set of spatial information from a model of the anatomic passageway; and register the filtered first set of the spatial data to the second set of spatial information. 34. The medical system of claim 33, wherein the second set of spatial information includes a plurality of voxels corresponding to the anatomic passageway. 35. The medical system of claim 33, wherein the second set of spatial information includes a voxel map associated with the anatomic passageway, and wherein the control system is further configured to:
evaluate a spatial relationship between a first spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data and a second spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data, wherein the second spatial data record is temporally-consecutive to the first spatial data record, including associating each of the first and second spatial data records with a voxel in the voxel map. 36. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data by removing at least a second portion of the spatial data based on the evaluated spatial relationship. 37. The medical system of claim 36, wherein the control system is configured to remove at least the second portion of the spatial data including track a quantity of spatial data records from the first set of the spatial data that corresponds to each voxel in the voxel map. 38. The medical system of claim 37, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including average the quantity of spatial data records for each voxel in the voxel map. 39. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including:
determine if the distance is below a distance threshold value; and remove one of the first or second spatial data records if the distance is below the distance threshold value. 40. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and the control system is configured to filter the first set of spatial data including:
determine if the distance is greater than a distance threshold value; and remove one of the first or second spatial data records if the distance is above the distance threshold value. 41. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and a distance threshold value for comparison with the distance is determined from a known maximum speed of the medical instrument system. 42. The medical system of claim 35, wherein the spatial relationship is a distance and a distance threshold value for comparison with the distance is determined from a known speed of the medical instrument system both before and after the second spatial data record is obtained. 43. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data includes position information. 44. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data includes orientation information. 45. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the spatial data is received from an electromagnetic sensor on the medical instrument system. 46. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is further configured to render an image of the medical instrument system based on the filtered first set of the spatial data on a common display with an image of the anatomic passageway. 47. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data including remove at least one spatial data record from the first set of the spatial data. 48. The medical system of claim 30, wherein the control system is configured to filter the first set of the spatial data including weight at least one spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data differently than another spatial data record of the first set of the spatial data. 49. A non-transitory computer-readable medium for a medical system, the non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the medical system to perform a method comprising:
move a medical instrument system positioned at least partly within an anatomic passageway; receive a first set of spatial data from the medical instrument system, the first set of spatial data including a plurality of spatial data records including position information for a distal end of the medical instrument system at a plurality of time periods; receive shape data from a shape sensor disposed within the medical instrument system; and filter the first set of spatial data by removing at least one of the plurality of spatial data records based upon the received shape data. | 2,600 |
341,749 | 16,802,055 | 2,654 | The invention provides methods of treating or preventing an ocular disease or disorder in a subject, methods of treating or preventing ocular pain or discomfort comprising, administering to the subject a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist. In certain preferred embodiments, the ocular disease or disorder is a dry eye disease. | 1. A method of alleviating ocular discomfort in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has dry eye disease, dry eye syndrome or a dry eye condition, neurotrophic dryness, lid margin disease, discomfort caused by irritation, environmental induced irritation, post-operative induced dry eye, therapeutically induced ocular discomfort, keratitis, or other condition or disorder that induces ocular discomfort. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered topically to the eye. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the eye comprises a tissue or gland in or around the eye selected from the group consisting of ocular tissue, eyelids of the subject, ocular surface, meibomian gland, lid margin and or lacrimal gland. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a solid, a paste, an ointment, a gel, a liquid, an aerosol, a mist, a polymer, insert, implant, a film, an emulsion, or a suspension. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: a small molecule, a nucleic acid molecule, an aptamer, an antisense molecule, an RNAi molecule, a protein, a peptide and an antibody or antibody fragment. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the TRPM8 small molecule antagonist comprises Compound I: 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is at a concentration of 0.001-5.0% (w/v). 9. The method of claim 7, wherein TRPM8 antagonist is at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is administered in combination with another agent. | The invention provides methods of treating or preventing an ocular disease or disorder in a subject, methods of treating or preventing ocular pain or discomfort comprising, administering to the subject a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist. In certain preferred embodiments, the ocular disease or disorder is a dry eye disease.1. A method of alleviating ocular discomfort in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has dry eye disease, dry eye syndrome or a dry eye condition, neurotrophic dryness, lid margin disease, discomfort caused by irritation, environmental induced irritation, post-operative induced dry eye, therapeutically induced ocular discomfort, keratitis, or other condition or disorder that induces ocular discomfort. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered topically to the eye. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the eye comprises a tissue or gland in or around the eye selected from the group consisting of ocular tissue, eyelids of the subject, ocular surface, meibomian gland, lid margin and or lacrimal gland. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a solid, a paste, an ointment, a gel, a liquid, an aerosol, a mist, a polymer, insert, implant, a film, an emulsion, or a suspension. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is selected from the group consisting of: a small molecule, a nucleic acid molecule, an aptamer, an antisense molecule, an RNAi molecule, a protein, a peptide and an antibody or antibody fragment. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the TRPM8 small molecule antagonist comprises Compound I: 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is at a concentration of 0.001-5.0% (w/v). 9. The method of claim 7, wherein TRPM8 antagonist is at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRPM8 antagonist is administered in combination with another agent. | 2,600 |
341,750 | 16,802,089 | 2,654 | The present invention relates to novel stable compressed vaccine composition comprising at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective amount of a sugar alcohol. | 1. A vaccine composition, comprising:
at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective amount of a sugar alcohol foam controlling agent. 2. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous antigenic component is lyophilized or dried. 3. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the vaccine composition is compressed into a tablet. 4. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer comprises one or more amino acids or salts thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations thereof. 5. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is an amino acid or salts thereof proteins or salts thereof, or combinations thereof. 6. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the antigenic component is newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus. 7. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, further comprising 30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent. 8. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent agents. 9. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the dissolution agent comprises a pair of effervescent agents. 10. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid. 11. The vaccine composition according to claim 2, wherein the lyophilized antigenic component comprises greater than 0% to about 90% by weight of the composition. 12. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is characterized by reduced foaming when in contact with the diluent relative to foaming of a composition that does not include the sugar alcohol. 13. The vaccine composition according to claim 12, wherein foam is reduced by about 50%, the composition that does not include the sugar alcohol 14. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol is xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof. 15. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the antigenic component is a live virus and the composition further comprises neutralizing antibodies against the virus. 16. A vaccine tablet composition, comprising:
from greater than 0% to about 90% by weight of at least one lyophilized or dried antigenic component selected from newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus, and a stabilizer selected from one or more amino acids or salts thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations thereof, susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; an effective amount of a foam controlling agent selected from xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof; and 30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent. 17. The vaccine composition according to claim 16, wherein the dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent agents. 18. The vaccine composition according to claim 17, wherein the effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid. 19. A method of using a composition, comprising:
providing a composition according to claim 1; and administering the composition to a subject. 20. A method of using a composition, comprising:
providing a tablet according to claim 16; and administering the tablet to a subject. | The present invention relates to novel stable compressed vaccine composition comprising at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective amount of a sugar alcohol.1. A vaccine composition, comprising:
at least one anhydrous antigenic component comprising a stabilizer susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; and an effective amount of a sugar alcohol foam controlling agent. 2. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous antigenic component is lyophilized or dried. 3. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the vaccine composition is compressed into a tablet. 4. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer comprises one or more amino acids or salts thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations thereof. 5. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the stabilizer is an amino acid or salts thereof proteins or salts thereof, or combinations thereof. 6. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the antigenic component is newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus. 7. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, further comprising 30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent. 8. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent agents. 9. The vaccine composition according to claim 7, wherein the dissolution agent comprises a pair of effervescent agents. 10. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid. 11. The vaccine composition according to claim 2, wherein the lyophilized antigenic component comprises greater than 0% to about 90% by weight of the composition. 12. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is characterized by reduced foaming when in contact with the diluent relative to foaming of a composition that does not include the sugar alcohol. 13. The vaccine composition according to claim 12, wherein foam is reduced by about 50%, the composition that does not include the sugar alcohol 14. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol is xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof. 15. The vaccine composition according to claim 1, wherein the antigenic component is a live virus and the composition further comprises neutralizing antibodies against the virus. 16. A vaccine tablet composition, comprising:
from greater than 0% to about 90% by weight of at least one lyophilized or dried antigenic component selected from newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl pox virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, marek's disease virus, Trichophyton verrucosum, avian paramyxovirus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, meleagrid herpesvirus, orf virus, or sheep pox virus, and a stabilizer selected from one or more amino acids or salts thereof, protein or salts thereof, albumin, gelatin, or combinations thereof, susceptible to foaming when the composition is mixed with liquid diluent; an effective amount of a foam controlling agent selected from xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or a mixture thereof; and 30% to about 60% by weight of a dissolution agent. 17. The vaccine composition according to claim 16, wherein the dissolution agent is an effervescent agent or pair of effervescent agents. 18. The vaccine composition according to claim 17, wherein the effervescent pair comprises a salt and an acid. 19. A method of using a composition, comprising:
providing a composition according to claim 1; and administering the composition to a subject. 20. A method of using a composition, comprising:
providing a tablet according to claim 16; and administering the tablet to a subject. | 2,600 |
341,751 | 16,802,123 | 2,654 | A tensioner for tensioning a chain span which uses two pistons. The movement of the two pistons may be coupled together. The first piston provides damping to the chain span and a second piston provides variable, dominant and automatically adjusting spring force to the chain span. The tensioner automatically adjusts the mean tension force to keep the chain tension as low as possible without sacrificing chain control, significantly improving drive efficiency at new chain conditions and conditions with dynamic loads. | 1.-31. (canceled) 32. A tensioner for a passive tensioner system tensioning a span of chain or a belt comprising:
a housing have a first axially extending bore with a first fluid input and a second axially extending bore with a second fluid input; a first piston slidably received by the first axially extending bore, the first piston comprising a body having a first end and a second end; a first pressure chamber for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, defined between the first piston and the first axially extending bore and in fluid communication with the first fluid input; a second piston slidably received within the second axially extending bore, the second piston comprising a body having an open end and a closed end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter; an internal piston slidably received within the second axially extending bore, the internal piston comprising a shaft connected to a body received within the hollow interior of the second piston, the body of the internal piston having a first end and a second end; a second piston spring received by the hollow interior of the second piston, the second piston spring having a first end in contact with the hollow interior of the second piston and a second end in contact with the top surface of the internal piston; an internal piston spring received in the second axially extending bore, the internal piston spring having a first end in contact with the internal piston and a second end in contact with the second axially extending bore; a second pressure chamber defined between the internal piston and the second axially extending bore, in fluid communication with the second fluid input; and a check valve between the second pressure chamber and the second fluid input; wherein when dynamic load from the chain or belt moves the first piston and the second piston inwards and outwards from the housing, fluid from the second fluid input is drawn into the second pressure chamber through the check valve, creating a fluid pressure in the second pressure chamber, causing the internal piston to move outwards from the housing and exert an outward force on the second piston through the second piston spring, opposing an inward force of the dynamic load. 33. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the body of the internal piston further comprises an open end at the second end and a closed end at the first end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter. 34. The tensioner of claim 33, wherein the internal piston spring is received by the hollow interior of the internal piston, the internal piston spring having a first end in contact with the hollow interior of the internal piston. 35. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first piston and the second piston are coupled for movement together. 36. The tensioner of claim 35, wherein the first piston and the second piston are coupled for movement together by coupling the body of the first piston and the body of the second piston. 37. The tensioner of claim 35, wherein the first piston further comprises an extension having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the second piston pushes on the bottom surface of the first extension, coupling the second piston to the first piston for movement together. 38. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the body of the first piston further comprises an open end at the second end and a closed end at the first end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter. 39. The tensioner of claim 38, further comprising a first piston spring received within the hollow interior of the first piston, for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, the first piston spring having a first end contacting the hollow interior of the first piston and a second end contacting the first axially extending bore. 40. The tensioner of claim 32, further comprising a first piston spring for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, the first piston spring having a first end contacting the second end of the first piston and a second end contacting the first axially extending bore. 41. The tensioner of claim 39, wherein the second piston spring has a greater spring constant than the first piston spring and the internal piston spring. 42. The tensioner of claim 38, further comprising a volume reducer received by the hollow interior of the first piston. 43. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first fluid input and the second fluid input are connected to the same fluid supply. 44. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first fluid input and the second fluid input are connected to different fluid supplies. 45.-54. (canceled) | A tensioner for tensioning a chain span which uses two pistons. The movement of the two pistons may be coupled together. The first piston provides damping to the chain span and a second piston provides variable, dominant and automatically adjusting spring force to the chain span. The tensioner automatically adjusts the mean tension force to keep the chain tension as low as possible without sacrificing chain control, significantly improving drive efficiency at new chain conditions and conditions with dynamic loads.1.-31. (canceled) 32. A tensioner for a passive tensioner system tensioning a span of chain or a belt comprising:
a housing have a first axially extending bore with a first fluid input and a second axially extending bore with a second fluid input; a first piston slidably received by the first axially extending bore, the first piston comprising a body having a first end and a second end; a first pressure chamber for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, defined between the first piston and the first axially extending bore and in fluid communication with the first fluid input; a second piston slidably received within the second axially extending bore, the second piston comprising a body having an open end and a closed end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter; an internal piston slidably received within the second axially extending bore, the internal piston comprising a shaft connected to a body received within the hollow interior of the second piston, the body of the internal piston having a first end and a second end; a second piston spring received by the hollow interior of the second piston, the second piston spring having a first end in contact with the hollow interior of the second piston and a second end in contact with the top surface of the internal piston; an internal piston spring received in the second axially extending bore, the internal piston spring having a first end in contact with the internal piston and a second end in contact with the second axially extending bore; a second pressure chamber defined between the internal piston and the second axially extending bore, in fluid communication with the second fluid input; and a check valve between the second pressure chamber and the second fluid input; wherein when dynamic load from the chain or belt moves the first piston and the second piston inwards and outwards from the housing, fluid from the second fluid input is drawn into the second pressure chamber through the check valve, creating a fluid pressure in the second pressure chamber, causing the internal piston to move outwards from the housing and exert an outward force on the second piston through the second piston spring, opposing an inward force of the dynamic load. 33. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the body of the internal piston further comprises an open end at the second end and a closed end at the first end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter. 34. The tensioner of claim 33, wherein the internal piston spring is received by the hollow interior of the internal piston, the internal piston spring having a first end in contact with the hollow interior of the internal piston. 35. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first piston and the second piston are coupled for movement together. 36. The tensioner of claim 35, wherein the first piston and the second piston are coupled for movement together by coupling the body of the first piston and the body of the second piston. 37. The tensioner of claim 35, wherein the first piston further comprises an extension having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the second piston pushes on the bottom surface of the first extension, coupling the second piston to the first piston for movement together. 38. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the body of the first piston further comprises an open end at the second end and a closed end at the first end, a bottom surface at the open end, a top surface at the closed end, and a hollow interior having an inner diameter. 39. The tensioner of claim 38, further comprising a first piston spring received within the hollow interior of the first piston, for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, the first piston spring having a first end contacting the hollow interior of the first piston and a second end contacting the first axially extending bore. 40. The tensioner of claim 32, further comprising a first piston spring for biasing the first piston outwards from the housing, the first piston spring having a first end contacting the second end of the first piston and a second end contacting the first axially extending bore. 41. The tensioner of claim 39, wherein the second piston spring has a greater spring constant than the first piston spring and the internal piston spring. 42. The tensioner of claim 38, further comprising a volume reducer received by the hollow interior of the first piston. 43. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first fluid input and the second fluid input are connected to the same fluid supply. 44. The tensioner of claim 32, wherein the first fluid input and the second fluid input are connected to different fluid supplies. 45.-54. (canceled) | 2,600 |
341,752 | 16,802,099 | 2,654 | Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for managing content items having multiple resolutions may be provided. In some embodiments, a user device may send a request to access one or more images from a content management system. The one or more images may be categorized on the user device by an expected use that determines that the one or more images be in a first version. A second version of the one or more images may be received while a background download of the first version of the one or more images may be performed. In some embodiments, the first version may correspond to a high-resolution image whereas the second version may correspond to a lower resolution image. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
determine that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that a second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device;
provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window;
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and
provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first version of the first content item comprises content of the first content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item without content of the second content item. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. 8. A method comprising:
determining that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device; provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window; receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the first version of the first content item comprises content of the first content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item without content of the second content item 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and providing, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to:
determine that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that a second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device; provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window; receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computer device to:
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. | Systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for managing content items having multiple resolutions may be provided. In some embodiments, a user device may send a request to access one or more images from a content management system. The one or more images may be categorized on the user device by an expected use that determines that the one or more images be in a first version. A second version of the one or more images may be received while a background download of the first version of the one or more images may be performed. In some embodiments, the first version may correspond to a high-resolution image whereas the second version may correspond to a lower resolution image.1. A system comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
determine that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that a second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device;
provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window;
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and
provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first version of the first content item comprises content of the first content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item without content of the second content item. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to:
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. 8. A method comprising:
determining that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device; provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window; receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the first version of the first content item comprises content of the first content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item without content of the second content item 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and providing, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to:
determine that a first content item from a collection of content items corresponds to a current window on a client device and that a second content item from the collection of content items corresponds to a non-current window on the client device; provide, to the client device, a first version of the first content item based on the first content item corresponding to the current window and a second version of the second content item based on the second content item corresponding to the non-current window; receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the second content item corresponds to the current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a first version of the second content item based on the updated window position of the second content item corresponding to the current window on the client device. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first version of the second content item has a smaller file size than the second version of the second content item. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first version of the second content item comprises metadata corresponding to the second content item; and the second version of the second content item comprises content of the second content item. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second content item comprises an image file and content of the second content item comprises image data. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein providing, to the client device, the first version of the second content item causes the client device to replace the second version of the second content item with the first version of the second content item. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computer device to:
receive, from the client device, an indication that an updated window position of the first content item corresponds to the non-current window on the client device; and provide, to the client device, a second version of the first content item based on the updated window position of the first content item corresponding to the non-current window on the client device, wherein providing the second version of the first content item causes the client device to replace the first version of the first content item with the second version of the first content item. | 2,600 |
341,753 | 16,802,102 | 2,654 | Various techniques are provided to implement, operate, and manufacture a chemical detection device. In one embodiment, a device includes a flow path comprising an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path. The device also includes an excitation source configured generate a response from the analyte reporter. The device also includes a detector configured to receive the response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. The device also includes a support structure configured to position the flow path relative to the excitation source and the detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material. Additional devices, systems, and methods are also provided. | 1. A device comprising:
a flow path comprising an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path; a detector configured to receive a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest; and a support structure configured to position the flow path relative to the detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the support structure is a single molded structure. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the support structure defines a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the flow path therein. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the support structure comprises:
an aperture adjoining the cavity and configured to pass the response from the analyte reporter to the detector. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a heater configured to heat the samples provided to the flow path, wherein the material is configured to cause the support structure to maintain its shape while the heater operates within in a temperature range of approximately 145 degrees Celsius to approximately 190 degrees Celsius. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the analyte reporter is responsive to an optical, electrical, or chemical excitation source. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the response is a change in fluorescence of the analyte reporter in response to the samples. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the detector is an optical detector. 10. A method of operating the device of claim 1, the method comprising:
receiving the samples in the flow path; passing the samples through the flow path to the analyte reporter; and receiving, at the detector, the response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 11. A method comprising:
positioning, by a support structure, a flow path relative to a detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material; receiving samples in the flow path; passing the samples through the flow path to an analyte reporter disposed in the flow path; and receiving, at the detector, a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the support structure defines a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the flow path therein, the method further comprising:
passing the response from the analyte reporter to the detector through an aperture in the support structure adjoining the cavity. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising operating a heater to heat the samples provided to the flow path, wherein the material causes the support structure to maintain its shape while the heater operates within in a temperature range of approximately 145 degrees Celsius to approximately 190 degrees Celsius. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the response is a change in fluorescence of the analyte reporter in response to the samples. 16. A method comprising:
providing a support structure comprising a carbon filled polymer material; inserting a flow path into a cavity defined by the support structure, wherein the flow path comprises an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path; positioning, by the support structure, the flow path relative to a detector; and wherein the detector is configured to receive a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the providing comprises molding the material into a single structure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing further comprises creating the cavity in the single molded structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the providing further comprises:
creating an aperture in the support structure adjoining the cavity to pass the response from the analyte reporter to the detector. | Various techniques are provided to implement, operate, and manufacture a chemical detection device. In one embodiment, a device includes a flow path comprising an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path. The device also includes an excitation source configured generate a response from the analyte reporter. The device also includes a detector configured to receive the response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. The device also includes a support structure configured to position the flow path relative to the excitation source and the detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material. Additional devices, systems, and methods are also provided.1. A device comprising:
a flow path comprising an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path; a detector configured to receive a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest; and a support structure configured to position the flow path relative to the detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the support structure is a single molded structure. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the support structure defines a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the flow path therein. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the support structure comprises:
an aperture adjoining the cavity and configured to pass the response from the analyte reporter to the detector. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a heater configured to heat the samples provided to the flow path, wherein the material is configured to cause the support structure to maintain its shape while the heater operates within in a temperature range of approximately 145 degrees Celsius to approximately 190 degrees Celsius. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the analyte reporter is responsive to an optical, electrical, or chemical excitation source. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the response is a change in fluorescence of the analyte reporter in response to the samples. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the detector is an optical detector. 10. A method of operating the device of claim 1, the method comprising:
receiving the samples in the flow path; passing the samples through the flow path to the analyte reporter; and receiving, at the detector, the response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 11. A method comprising:
positioning, by a support structure, a flow path relative to a detector, wherein the support structure comprises a carbon filled polymer material; receiving samples in the flow path; passing the samples through the flow path to an analyte reporter disposed in the flow path; and receiving, at the detector, a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the support structure defines a cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the flow path therein, the method further comprising:
passing the response from the analyte reporter to the detector through an aperture in the support structure adjoining the cavity. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising operating a heater to heat the samples provided to the flow path, wherein the material causes the support structure to maintain its shape while the heater operates within in a temperature range of approximately 145 degrees Celsius to approximately 190 degrees Celsius. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the response is a change in fluorescence of the analyte reporter in response to the samples. 16. A method comprising:
providing a support structure comprising a carbon filled polymer material; inserting a flow path into a cavity defined by the support structure, wherein the flow path comprises an analyte reporter configured to receive samples passed by the flow path; positioning, by the support structure, the flow path relative to a detector; and wherein the detector is configured to receive a response from the analyte reporter to determine whether the samples comprise a material of interest. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the material comprises at least one of carbon filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carbon filled cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), or carbon filled cyclic olefin polymer (COP). 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the providing comprises molding the material into a single structure. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the providing further comprises creating the cavity in the single molded structure. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the providing further comprises:
creating an aperture in the support structure adjoining the cavity to pass the response from the analyte reporter to the detector. | 2,600 |
341,754 | 16,801,984 | 2,654 | Disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies. Techniques include identifying a first communication of a computing resource that is associated with an operational policy, identifying a second computing resource, determining if there is a conflict between the first communication and the second computing resource, applying a language processing protocol to the communication, normalizing the communication and policy, and generating a mediated communication. Other techniques include transmitting the mediated communication, generating a recommendation for implementing a security control on the first communication, and applying a security policy to the first communication. | 1. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies, the operations comprising:
identifying a first communication of a first application or a first code instance that is associated with a first operational policy, the first operational policy having a vocabulary and a syntax; applying a natural language processing protocol to the first communication to extract a plurality of features from the first communication; normalizing, based on the application of the natural language processing protocol and the extracted features, the first communication; and generating a mediated communication based on the normalizing, the mediated communication including a translated attribute from the first communication that is processable by at least one of: the first application or the first code instance, or a second application or a second code instance; wherein the operations are performed without executing the first operational policy. 2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is an instruction for the first operational policy to take precedence over a second operational policy. 3. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is an instruction for the first application or the first code instance to take precedence over the second application or the second code instance. 4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is transmitted to the second application. 5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is transmitted to a control application that is configured to control the second application. 6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise identifying a conflict of form among the first communication and a second communication; and wherein the normalizing is further based on the identified conflict of form. 7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise identifying a conflict among the mediated communication and a second communication. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise generating a recommendation for implementing a security control for the first communication. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise applying a security policy for the first communication. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the security policy is a least-privilege security policy. 11. A computer-implemented method for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies, the method comprising:
identifying a first communication of a first application or a first code instance that is associated with a first operational policy, the first operational policy having a vocabulary and a syntax; applying a natural language processing protocol to the first communication to extract a plurality of features from the first communication; normalizing, based on the application of the natural language processing protocol and the extracted features, the first communication; and generating a mediated communication based on the normalizing, the mediated communication including a translated attribute from the first communication that is processable by at least one of: the first application or the first code instance, or a second application or a second code instance; wherein the method is performed without executing the first operational policy. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the translated attribute is based on a translated portion of the vocabulary or syntax. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the translated attribute is a rule defined by a condition and an action. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising sending the mediated communication to a control application. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to control activity of an identity. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to identify anomalous or potentially malicious actions. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to transmit the first communication to the second application. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein normalizing the first communication includes modifying the first communication to adhere to a reference vocabulary or a reference syntax. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the reference vocabulary and the reference syntax are developed based on the natural language processing protocol. | Disclosed embodiments relate to systems and methods for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies. Techniques include identifying a first communication of a computing resource that is associated with an operational policy, identifying a second computing resource, determining if there is a conflict between the first communication and the second computing resource, applying a language processing protocol to the communication, normalizing the communication and policy, and generating a mediated communication. Other techniques include transmitting the mediated communication, generating a recommendation for implementing a security control on the first communication, and applying a security policy to the first communication.1. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies, the operations comprising:
identifying a first communication of a first application or a first code instance that is associated with a first operational policy, the first operational policy having a vocabulary and a syntax; applying a natural language processing protocol to the first communication to extract a plurality of features from the first communication; normalizing, based on the application of the natural language processing protocol and the extracted features, the first communication; and generating a mediated communication based on the normalizing, the mediated communication including a translated attribute from the first communication that is processable by at least one of: the first application or the first code instance, or a second application or a second code instance; wherein the operations are performed without executing the first operational policy. 2. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is an instruction for the first operational policy to take precedence over a second operational policy. 3. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is an instruction for the first application or the first code instance to take precedence over the second application or the second code instance. 4. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is transmitted to the second application. 5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the mediated communication is transmitted to a control application that is configured to control the second application. 6. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise identifying a conflict of form among the first communication and a second communication; and wherein the normalizing is further based on the identified conflict of form. 7. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise identifying a conflict among the mediated communication and a second communication. 8. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise generating a recommendation for implementing a security control for the first communication. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise applying a security policy for the first communication. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the security policy is a least-privilege security policy. 11. A computer-implemented method for automatically mediating among diversely structured operational policies, the method comprising:
identifying a first communication of a first application or a first code instance that is associated with a first operational policy, the first operational policy having a vocabulary and a syntax; applying a natural language processing protocol to the first communication to extract a plurality of features from the first communication; normalizing, based on the application of the natural language processing protocol and the extracted features, the first communication; and generating a mediated communication based on the normalizing, the mediated communication including a translated attribute from the first communication that is processable by at least one of: the first application or the first code instance, or a second application or a second code instance; wherein the method is performed without executing the first operational policy. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the translated attribute is based on a translated portion of the vocabulary or syntax. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the translated attribute is a rule defined by a condition and an action. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising sending the mediated communication to a control application. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to control activity of an identity. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to identify anomalous or potentially malicious actions. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the control application is configured to transmit the first communication to the second application. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein normalizing the first communication includes modifying the first communication to adhere to a reference vocabulary or a reference syntax. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the reference vocabulary and the reference syntax are developed based on the natural language processing protocol. | 2,600 |
341,755 | 16,802,092 | 2,654 | Even when a movement command input is not performed from a player, a player character is moved in a predetermined direction in a virtual game space, and a game screen including the player character is scrolled so as to follow movement of the player character. In response to determination being made that a touch operation is detected in a state in which the positional relationship between a predetermined object and the player character satisfies a predetermined condition, the movement direction of the player character is temporarily changed to a direction containing a direction component opposite to the predetermined direction. | 1. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein a game program to be executed by a computer of an information processing apparatus, the game program causing the computer to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; arrange, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; indicate the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 2. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the game program executes an action game in which a screen is forcibly scrolled in the first direction. 3. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, the game program further causing the computer to at least scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow movement of the player character. 4. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein indicating the second direction includes displaying an image that represents the second direction so as to overlap with the first object. 5. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 6. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 7. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged along the second direction based on a location of the first object within the virtual game space. 8. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object is an item object that can be acquired by the player character in response to the player character coming into contact with the item object within the virtual game space. 9. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the automatic movement of the player character is performed before, during, and after arrangement of the second object. 10. A game system comprising:
at least one hardware processor configured to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player;
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space;
indicate the second direction to the player;
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located;
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 11. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
execute an action game; and as part of the action game, forcibly scroll a game screen for the action game in the first direction while the player character is automatically moved. 12. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. 13. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
display a graphical representation of the second direction at a position that overlaps the first object. 14. The game system of claim 10, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 15. The game system of claim 10, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 16. The game system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged in accordance with the second direction and based on where the first object is located within the virtual game space. 17. A method implemented on a computer system, the method comprising:
automatically moving, by using the computer system, a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; locating, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; providing an indication of the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determining whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arranging a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after locating the second object at the predetermined position, continuing automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the indication of the second direction includes displaying an image that corresponds to the second direction at a location that overlaps the first object. 19. A game apparatus comprising:
at least one user input device; a display; and a processing system that includes at least one hardware processor, the processing system configured to:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player,
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space,
output an indication of the second direction to the player,
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located,
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object, and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 20. The game apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing system is further configured to:
automatically scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. | Even when a movement command input is not performed from a player, a player character is moved in a predetermined direction in a virtual game space, and a game screen including the player character is scrolled so as to follow movement of the player character. In response to determination being made that a touch operation is detected in a state in which the positional relationship between a predetermined object and the player character satisfies a predetermined condition, the movement direction of the player character is temporarily changed to a direction containing a direction component opposite to the predetermined direction.1. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein a game program to be executed by a computer of an information processing apparatus, the game program causing the computer to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; arrange, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; indicate the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 2. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the game program executes an action game in which a screen is forcibly scrolled in the first direction. 3. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, the game program further causing the computer to at least scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow movement of the player character. 4. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein indicating the second direction includes displaying an image that represents the second direction so as to overlap with the first object. 5. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 6. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 7. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged along the second direction based on a location of the first object within the virtual game space. 8. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object is an item object that can be acquired by the player character in response to the player character coming into contact with the item object within the virtual game space. 9. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the automatic movement of the player character is performed before, during, and after arrangement of the second object. 10. A game system comprising:
at least one hardware processor configured to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player;
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space;
indicate the second direction to the player;
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located;
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 11. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
execute an action game; and as part of the action game, forcibly scroll a game screen for the action game in the first direction while the player character is automatically moved. 12. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. 13. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
display a graphical representation of the second direction at a position that overlaps the first object. 14. The game system of claim 10, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 15. The game system of claim 10, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 16. The game system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged in accordance with the second direction and based on where the first object is located within the virtual game space. 17. A method implemented on a computer system, the method comprising:
automatically moving, by using the computer system, a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; locating, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; providing an indication of the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determining whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arranging a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after locating the second object at the predetermined position, continuing automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the indication of the second direction includes displaying an image that corresponds to the second direction at a location that overlaps the first object. 19. A game apparatus comprising:
at least one user input device; a display; and a processing system that includes at least one hardware processor, the processing system configured to:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player,
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space,
output an indication of the second direction to the player,
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located,
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object, and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 20. The game apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing system is further configured to:
automatically scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. | 2,600 |
341,756 | 16,802,079 | 2,654 | Even when a movement command input is not performed from a player, a player character is moved in a predetermined direction in a virtual game space, and a game screen including the player character is scrolled so as to follow movement of the player character. In response to determination being made that a touch operation is detected in a state in which the positional relationship between a predetermined object and the player character satisfies a predetermined condition, the movement direction of the player character is temporarily changed to a direction containing a direction component opposite to the predetermined direction. | 1. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein a game program to be executed by a computer of an information processing apparatus, the game program causing the computer to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; arrange, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; indicate the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 2. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the game program executes an action game in which a screen is forcibly scrolled in the first direction. 3. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, the game program further causing the computer to at least scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow movement of the player character. 4. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein indicating the second direction includes displaying an image that represents the second direction so as to overlap with the first object. 5. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 6. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 7. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged along the second direction based on a location of the first object within the virtual game space. 8. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object is an item object that can be acquired by the player character in response to the player character coming into contact with the item object within the virtual game space. 9. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the automatic movement of the player character is performed before, during, and after arrangement of the second object. 10. A game system comprising:
at least one hardware processor configured to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player;
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space;
indicate the second direction to the player;
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located;
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 11. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
execute an action game; and as part of the action game, forcibly scroll a game screen for the action game in the first direction while the player character is automatically moved. 12. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. 13. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
display a graphical representation of the second direction at a position that overlaps the first object. 14. The game system of claim 10, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 15. The game system of claim 10, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 16. The game system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged in accordance with the second direction and based on where the first object is located within the virtual game space. 17. A method implemented on a computer system, the method comprising:
automatically moving, by using the computer system, a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; locating, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; providing an indication of the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determining whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arranging a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after locating the second object at the predetermined position, continuing automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the indication of the second direction includes displaying an image that corresponds to the second direction at a location that overlaps the first object. 19. A game apparatus comprising:
at least one user input device; a display; and a processing system that includes at least one hardware processor, the processing system configured to:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player,
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space,
output an indication of the second direction to the player,
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located,
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object, and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 20. The game apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing system is further configured to:
automatically scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. | Even when a movement command input is not performed from a player, a player character is moved in a predetermined direction in a virtual game space, and a game screen including the player character is scrolled so as to follow movement of the player character. In response to determination being made that a touch operation is detected in a state in which the positional relationship between a predetermined object and the player character satisfies a predetermined condition, the movement direction of the player character is temporarily changed to a direction containing a direction component opposite to the predetermined direction.1. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein a game program to be executed by a computer of an information processing apparatus, the game program causing the computer to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; arrange, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; indicate the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 2. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the game program executes an action game in which a screen is forcibly scrolled in the first direction. 3. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, the game program further causing the computer to at least scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow movement of the player character. 4. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein indicating the second direction includes displaying an image that represents the second direction so as to overlap with the first object. 5. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 6. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 7. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged along the second direction based on a location of the first object within the virtual game space. 8. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the second object is an item object that can be acquired by the player character in response to the player character coming into contact with the item object within the virtual game space. 9. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having stored therein the game program according to claim 1, wherein the automatic movement of the player character is performed before, during, and after arrangement of the second object. 10. A game system comprising:
at least one hardware processor configured to at least:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player;
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space;
indicate the second direction to the player;
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located;
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 11. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
execute an action game; and as part of the action game, forcibly scroll a game screen for the action game in the first direction while the player character is automatically moved. 12. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. 13. The game system of claim 10, wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to:
display a graphical representation of the second direction at a position that overlaps the first object. 14. The game system of claim 10, wherein the first object and the second object are different types of objects. 15. The game system of claim 10, wherein the second object includes a plurality of second objects. 16. The game system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of second objects are arranged in accordance with the second direction and based on where the first object is located within the virtual game space. 17. A method implemented on a computer system, the method comprising:
automatically moving, by using the computer system, a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player; locating, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space; providing an indication of the second direction to the player; while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determining whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located; based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arranging a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object; and after locating the second object at the predetermined position, continuing automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the indication of the second direction includes displaying an image that corresponds to the second direction at a location that overlaps the first object. 19. A game apparatus comprising:
at least one user input device; a display; and a processing system that includes at least one hardware processor, the processing system configured to:
automatically move a player character in a first direction in a virtual game space even when a movement command input is not performed by a player,
locate, in the virtual game space, a first object associated with a second direction in the virtual game space,
output an indication of the second direction to the player,
while the player character is automatically moving in the virtual game space, determine whether the player character is automatically moving through a position within the virtual game space that is based on where the first object is located,
based on a determination that the player character is automatically moving through the position within the virtual game space, arrange a second object at a predetermined position that is based on the second direction and the first object, and
after arranging the second object at the predetermined position, continue automatic movement of the player character in the predetermined direction. 20. The game apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing system is further configured to:
automatically scroll a display area displaying a game screen including the player character, so as to follow the automatic movement of the player character through the virtual game space. | 2,600 |
341,757 | 16,802,104 | 1,733 | The present document describes a smelting apparatus for smelting metallic ore. The smelting apparatus comprises a furnace having a continuous curved wall and end walls defining a longitudinal volume having a longitudinal axis in a horizontal direction. The continuous curved wall has a lowermost area. The longitudinal volume is divided in at least three longitudinal layers comprising a top layer within which gasified fuel is combusted for creating a hot gas composition at a temperature sufficient to release, from the metallic ore, at least molten metal and slag, a lowermost layer at the lowermost area for holding molten metal, and a mid-layer above the lowermost layer in which the slag accumulates. The present document also describes processes using the smelting apparatus for producing ferrous and non-ferrous minerals from a metallic ore. | 1. A smelting apparatus for smelting metallic ore, the smelting apparatus comprising a cylindrical furnace having:
a continuous curved wall with a longer axis along a horizontal direction, and end walls joining the continuous curved wall and thereby defining a longitudinal volume in the horizontal direction, the continuous curved wall having a lowermost area, wherein the longitudinal volume is divided in at least three longitudinal layers comprising a top layer within which gasified fuel is combusted for creating a hot gas composition at a temperature sufficient to release, from the metallic ore, at least molten metal and slag, a lowermost layer at the lowermost area for holding molten metal, and a mid-layer above the lowermost layer in which the slag accumulates. 2. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a raw material inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying the metallic ore to the furnace, and a combustion air inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for providing air for inducing combustion in the furnace. 3. The smelting apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a molten metal outlet in the lowermost area of the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the lowermost layer for allowing molten metal to exit the furnace continuously and selectively. 4. The smelting apparatus of claim 3, wherein byproduct gases are released from the metallic ore and hot gas composition, and further wherein the continuous curved wall comprises an uppermost area which comprises a byproduct hot gas outlet fluidly connected to the furnace providing an exit from the furnace for the byproduct gases. 5. The smelting apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a fuel inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying a fuel to the furnace and a hot gas inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying a hot gas to the furnace for gasifying the fuel, thereby producing the gasified fuel. 6. The smelting apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a hot gas generator for providing gasified fuel and a gasified fuel inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying gasified fuel to the furnace. 7. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the furnace comprises an interior surface, the interior surface being lined with a refractory material. 8. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cooling system operatively connected to the furnace for cooling an exterior surface of the furnace. 9. A process for smelting metallic ore, comprising:
providing magnetite and/or iron oxide produced from the metallic ore by hydrometallurgy; producing a hot reducing atmosphere by gasification; and contacting the magnetite and/or iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere to produce a molten metal, wherein contacting is performed in a smelting apparatus comprising a cylindrical furnace having a continuous curved wall with a longer axis along a horizontal direction, and end walls joining the continuous curved wall and thereby defining a longitudinal volume in the horizontal direction. 10. The process of claim 9, wherein the magnetite is produced by magnetic separation, density, or flotation during hydrometallurgy. 11. The process of claim 9, wherein Fe2O3 is produced by solvent extraction and acid regeneration during hydrometallurgy. 12. The process of claim 9, wherein the magnetite, the iron oxide and/or the hot reducing atmosphere comprises a source of carbon other than coke or coal. 13. The process of claim 9, wherein the hot reducing atmosphere is produced by gasification of carbonaceous material. 14. The process of claim 9, wherein the contacting of the iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere further produces a byproduct gas used as a source of energy for the hydrometallurgy or for devolatization of biomass. 15. The process of claim 13, wherein the source of energy is used for acid regeneration for the hydrometallurgy. 16. The process of claim 9, wherein the molten metal is pig iron. 17. The process of claim 9, wherein the molten metal is a ferro-manganese alloy, a ferro-nickel alloy, and/or a ferro-vanadium alloy. 18. The process of claim 9 for smelting metallic ore containing trace elements, wherein the contacting of the magnetite and/or iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere further produces a slag containing the trace elements. | The present document describes a smelting apparatus for smelting metallic ore. The smelting apparatus comprises a furnace having a continuous curved wall and end walls defining a longitudinal volume having a longitudinal axis in a horizontal direction. The continuous curved wall has a lowermost area. The longitudinal volume is divided in at least three longitudinal layers comprising a top layer within which gasified fuel is combusted for creating a hot gas composition at a temperature sufficient to release, from the metallic ore, at least molten metal and slag, a lowermost layer at the lowermost area for holding molten metal, and a mid-layer above the lowermost layer in which the slag accumulates. The present document also describes processes using the smelting apparatus for producing ferrous and non-ferrous minerals from a metallic ore.1. A smelting apparatus for smelting metallic ore, the smelting apparatus comprising a cylindrical furnace having:
a continuous curved wall with a longer axis along a horizontal direction, and end walls joining the continuous curved wall and thereby defining a longitudinal volume in the horizontal direction, the continuous curved wall having a lowermost area, wherein the longitudinal volume is divided in at least three longitudinal layers comprising a top layer within which gasified fuel is combusted for creating a hot gas composition at a temperature sufficient to release, from the metallic ore, at least molten metal and slag, a lowermost layer at the lowermost area for holding molten metal, and a mid-layer above the lowermost layer in which the slag accumulates. 2. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a raw material inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying the metallic ore to the furnace, and a combustion air inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for providing air for inducing combustion in the furnace. 3. The smelting apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a molten metal outlet in the lowermost area of the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the lowermost layer for allowing molten metal to exit the furnace continuously and selectively. 4. The smelting apparatus of claim 3, wherein byproduct gases are released from the metallic ore and hot gas composition, and further wherein the continuous curved wall comprises an uppermost area which comprises a byproduct hot gas outlet fluidly connected to the furnace providing an exit from the furnace for the byproduct gases. 5. The smelting apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a fuel inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying a fuel to the furnace and a hot gas inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying a hot gas to the furnace for gasifying the fuel, thereby producing the gasified fuel. 6. The smelting apparatus of claim 4, further comprising a hot gas generator for providing gasified fuel and a gasified fuel inlet within the continuous curved wall in fluid communication with the top layer for supplying gasified fuel to the furnace. 7. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the furnace comprises an interior surface, the interior surface being lined with a refractory material. 8. The smelting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cooling system operatively connected to the furnace for cooling an exterior surface of the furnace. 9. A process for smelting metallic ore, comprising:
providing magnetite and/or iron oxide produced from the metallic ore by hydrometallurgy; producing a hot reducing atmosphere by gasification; and contacting the magnetite and/or iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere to produce a molten metal, wherein contacting is performed in a smelting apparatus comprising a cylindrical furnace having a continuous curved wall with a longer axis along a horizontal direction, and end walls joining the continuous curved wall and thereby defining a longitudinal volume in the horizontal direction. 10. The process of claim 9, wherein the magnetite is produced by magnetic separation, density, or flotation during hydrometallurgy. 11. The process of claim 9, wherein Fe2O3 is produced by solvent extraction and acid regeneration during hydrometallurgy. 12. The process of claim 9, wherein the magnetite, the iron oxide and/or the hot reducing atmosphere comprises a source of carbon other than coke or coal. 13. The process of claim 9, wherein the hot reducing atmosphere is produced by gasification of carbonaceous material. 14. The process of claim 9, wherein the contacting of the iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere further produces a byproduct gas used as a source of energy for the hydrometallurgy or for devolatization of biomass. 15. The process of claim 13, wherein the source of energy is used for acid regeneration for the hydrometallurgy. 16. The process of claim 9, wherein the molten metal is pig iron. 17. The process of claim 9, wherein the molten metal is a ferro-manganese alloy, a ferro-nickel alloy, and/or a ferro-vanadium alloy. 18. The process of claim 9 for smelting metallic ore containing trace elements, wherein the contacting of the magnetite and/or iron oxide with the hot reducing atmosphere further produces a slag containing the trace elements. | 1,700 |
341,758 | 16,802,075 | 1,733 | A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack is provided. The method includes calculating a total requirement current value to be output from a plurality of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including the plurality of fuel cell stacks. The calculated total requirement current value is then allocated to each fuel cell stack based on a voltage of the fuel cell stack. | 1. A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack, comprising:
calculating, by a controller, a total requirement current value to be output from a plurality of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and allocating, by the controller, the calculated total requirement current value to each fuel cell stack based on a voltage of each fuel cell stack. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocating of the calculated total requirement current value to each fuel cell stack includes:
calculating, by the controller, an allocation ratio of the total requirement current value to be applied to each fuel cell stack; and allocating, by the controller, a requirement current value, which corresponds to the calculated allocation ratio, to each fuel cell stack. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value includes:
calculating, by the controller, the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value such that a difference between voltages of each fuel cell stack is minimized. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value is performed periodically. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a smaller value of a requirement current value, to which an allocation ratio calculated at a previous time point is applied, and a maximum available current value, to at least one fuel cell stack of the plurality of fuel cell stacks, in response to determining that the requirement current value applied to a corresponding fuel cell stack exceeds the maximum available current value of the corresponding fuel cell stack. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocating of the calculated total requirement current value is performed in response to determining that an output current value of each fuel cell stack exceeds a reference value. 7. A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack, comprising:
calculating, by a controller, a total requirement current value to be output from a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including a first fuel cell stack and a second fuel cell stack; calculating, by the controller, an allocation ratio of the total requirement current value to minimize a difference between a voltage of the first fuel cell stack and a voltage of the second fuel cell stack; and allocating, by the controller, a requirement current value to each of the first fuel cell stack and the second fuel cell stack depending on the calculated allocation ratio. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a higher requirement current value to the first fuel cell stack higher than the second fuel cell stack in voltage; and allocating, by the controller, a lower requirement current value to the second fuel cell stack lower than the first fuel cell stack in voltage. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value is performed periodically. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a smaller value of a requirement current value, to which an allocation ratio calculated at a previous time point is applied, and a maximum available current value of each of the first fuel cell stack and the second cell stack, to a corresponding fuel cell stack, in response to determining that the requirement current value applied to the corresponding fuel cell stack exceeds the maximum available current value of the corresponding fuel cell stack. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value is performed, in response to determining that all an output current value of the first fuel cell stack and an output current value of the second fuel cell stack exceed a reference value. | A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack is provided. The method includes calculating a total requirement current value to be output from a plurality of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including the plurality of fuel cell stacks. The calculated total requirement current value is then allocated to each fuel cell stack based on a voltage of the fuel cell stack.1. A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack, comprising:
calculating, by a controller, a total requirement current value to be output from a plurality of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including the plurality of fuel cell stacks; and allocating, by the controller, the calculated total requirement current value to each fuel cell stack based on a voltage of each fuel cell stack. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocating of the calculated total requirement current value to each fuel cell stack includes:
calculating, by the controller, an allocation ratio of the total requirement current value to be applied to each fuel cell stack; and allocating, by the controller, a requirement current value, which corresponds to the calculated allocation ratio, to each fuel cell stack. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value includes:
calculating, by the controller, the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value such that a difference between voltages of each fuel cell stack is minimized. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value is performed periodically. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a smaller value of a requirement current value, to which an allocation ratio calculated at a previous time point is applied, and a maximum available current value, to at least one fuel cell stack of the plurality of fuel cell stacks, in response to determining that the requirement current value applied to a corresponding fuel cell stack exceeds the maximum available current value of the corresponding fuel cell stack. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the allocating of the calculated total requirement current value is performed in response to determining that an output current value of each fuel cell stack exceeds a reference value. 7. A method for controlling an output of a fuel cell stack, comprising:
calculating, by a controller, a total requirement current value to be output from a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) including a first fuel cell stack and a second fuel cell stack; calculating, by the controller, an allocation ratio of the total requirement current value to minimize a difference between a voltage of the first fuel cell stack and a voltage of the second fuel cell stack; and allocating, by the controller, a requirement current value to each of the first fuel cell stack and the second fuel cell stack depending on the calculated allocation ratio. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a higher requirement current value to the first fuel cell stack higher than the second fuel cell stack in voltage; and allocating, by the controller, a lower requirement current value to the second fuel cell stack lower than the first fuel cell stack in voltage. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the calculating of the allocation ratio of the total requirement current value is performed periodically. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value includes:
allocating, by the controller, a smaller value of a requirement current value, to which an allocation ratio calculated at a previous time point is applied, and a maximum available current value of each of the first fuel cell stack and the second cell stack, to a corresponding fuel cell stack, in response to determining that the requirement current value applied to the corresponding fuel cell stack exceeds the maximum available current value of the corresponding fuel cell stack. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the allocating of the requirement current value is performed, in response to determining that all an output current value of the first fuel cell stack and an output current value of the second fuel cell stack exceed a reference value. | 1,700 |
341,759 | 16,802,116 | 1,733 | In accordance with an embodiment, a method for managing access to a bus shared by interfaces includes: when to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, triggering a counting having a minimum counting period; and when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and creating an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period. | 1. A method for managing access to a bus shared by interfaces, the method comprising:
when to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, triggering a counting having a minimum counting period; and when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and creating an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising,
at the arbitration point, arbitrating access to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces to determine a permitted interface, and granting access permission to the bus for the permitted interface as a result of the arbitrating. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
if no access request is received during the minimum counting period and if a late access request is first received following the minimum period,
releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and
releasing the access permission to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces following the late access request to the bus emanating from the at least one other interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising preserving the access granted to the one of the interfaces until an end of occupation of the access if no access request to the bus is received before an end of the occupation of the access. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum counting period is configurable and corresponds to the one of the interfaces. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the interfaces comprise serial peripheral interfaces. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the serial peripheral interfaces comprise at least one octal type serial peripheral interface. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which the bus is an input-output data bus. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
interfaces, wherein each interface of the interfaces comprises a counter; a bus shared by the interfaces; and a controller configured to
when access to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, trigger a counting having a minimum counting period; and
when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, release the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and create an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
at the arbitration point, arbitrate access to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces to determine a permitted interface, and granting access permission to the bus for the permitted interface as a result of the arbitrating. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
if no access request is received during the minimum counting period and if a late access request is first received following the minimum counting period,
release the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and
release the access permission to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces following the late access request to the bus emanating from the at least one other interface. 12. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to maintain the access granted to one of the interfaces until an end of occupation of the access if no access request to the bus is received before the end of the occupation of the access. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the minimum counting period is configurable and corresponds to one of the interfaces. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the interfaces comprise serial peripheral interfaces. 15. The device according to claim 14, in which the serial peripheral interfaces comprise at least one octal type serial peripheral interface. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the bus is an input-output data bus. 17. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a plurality of interface circuits; a bus coupled to each of the plurality of interface circuits; a controller coupled to the bus and to the plurality of interface circuits; and a multiplexer coupled to the controller via the bus, wherein the controller is configured to
activate a first timer for a minimum timer period when access to the bus is granted to a first interface circuit of the plurality of interface circuits, and
when at least one access request for the bus is received from a second interface circuit of the plurality of interface circuits during the minimum timer period, release the access granted to the first interface circuit and granting access to the second interface circuit at an end of the minimum timer period. 18. The electronic apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the multiplexer comprises a set of input-output pins configured to couple the bus to a plurality of external memories. 19. The electronic apparatus according to claim 17, wherein:
the multiplexer comprises a same number of sets of input-output pins as a number of interface circuits of the plurality of interface circuits; and each set of input-output pins is configured to be coupled to an external memory. 20. The electronic apparatus according claim 17, wherein the plurality of interface circuits, the bus, the controller and the multiplexer form a system on chip. | In accordance with an embodiment, a method for managing access to a bus shared by interfaces includes: when to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, triggering a counting having a minimum counting period; and when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and creating an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period.1. A method for managing access to a bus shared by interfaces, the method comprising:
when to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, triggering a counting having a minimum counting period; and when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and creating an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising,
at the arbitration point, arbitrating access to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces to determine a permitted interface, and granting access permission to the bus for the permitted interface as a result of the arbitrating. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
if no access request is received during the minimum counting period and if a late access request is first received following the minimum period,
releasing the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and
releasing the access permission to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces following the late access request to the bus emanating from the at least one other interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising preserving the access granted to the one of the interfaces until an end of occupation of the access if no access request to the bus is received before an end of the occupation of the access. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum counting period is configurable and corresponds to the one of the interfaces. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the interfaces comprise serial peripheral interfaces. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the serial peripheral interfaces comprise at least one octal type serial peripheral interface. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which the bus is an input-output data bus. 9. An electronic device, comprising:
interfaces, wherein each interface of the interfaces comprises a counter; a bus shared by the interfaces; and a controller configured to
when access to the bus is granted to one of the interfaces, trigger a counting having a minimum counting period; and
when at least one access request to the bus emanating from at least one other of the interfaces is received during the minimum counting period, release the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and create an arbitration point at an end of the minimum counting period. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
at the arbitration point, arbitrate access to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces to determine a permitted interface, and granting access permission to the bus for the permitted interface as a result of the arbitrating. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:
if no access request is received during the minimum counting period and if a late access request is first received following the minimum counting period,
release the access granted to the one of the interfaces, and
release the access permission to the bus for the at least one other of the interfaces following the late access request to the bus emanating from the at least one other interface. 12. The device according to claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to maintain the access granted to one of the interfaces until an end of occupation of the access if no access request to the bus is received before the end of the occupation of the access. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the minimum counting period is configurable and corresponds to one of the interfaces. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the interfaces comprise serial peripheral interfaces. 15. The device according to claim 14, in which the serial peripheral interfaces comprise at least one octal type serial peripheral interface. 16. The device according to claim 14, wherein the bus is an input-output data bus. 17. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a plurality of interface circuits; a bus coupled to each of the plurality of interface circuits; a controller coupled to the bus and to the plurality of interface circuits; and a multiplexer coupled to the controller via the bus, wherein the controller is configured to
activate a first timer for a minimum timer period when access to the bus is granted to a first interface circuit of the plurality of interface circuits, and
when at least one access request for the bus is received from a second interface circuit of the plurality of interface circuits during the minimum timer period, release the access granted to the first interface circuit and granting access to the second interface circuit at an end of the minimum timer period. 18. The electronic apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the multiplexer comprises a set of input-output pins configured to couple the bus to a plurality of external memories. 19. The electronic apparatus according to claim 17, wherein:
the multiplexer comprises a same number of sets of input-output pins as a number of interface circuits of the plurality of interface circuits; and each set of input-output pins is configured to be coupled to an external memory. 20. The electronic apparatus according claim 17, wherein the plurality of interface circuits, the bus, the controller and the multiplexer form a system on chip. | 1,700 |
341,760 | 16,802,093 | 1,733 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and devices for reference signal (RS) transmission. In example embodiments, a method implemented in a network device is provided. According to the method, the size of a field for indicating a RS configuration to a terminal device served by the network device is determined based on at least one condition related to RS transmission. A first indication of the RS configuration is transmitted to the terminal device. The first indication is included in the field with the determined size. | 1. A terminal comprising a processor configured to:
select a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and receive, from a network device, an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
select the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from the network device, the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from the network device, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 6. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to the network device, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 7. A network device comprising a processor configured to:
select a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and transmit, to a terminal, an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 8. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
select the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 9. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 10. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 11. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 12. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from a terminal, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 13. A method comprising:
selecting a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and receiving an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 14. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
selecting the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 16. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
receiving the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 17. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
receiving a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 18. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
transmitting a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 19. A method comprising:
selecting a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and transmitting an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 20. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
selecting the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 22. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
transmitting the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 23. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
transmitting a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 24. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
receiving a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and devices for reference signal (RS) transmission. In example embodiments, a method implemented in a network device is provided. According to the method, the size of a field for indicating a RS configuration to a terminal device served by the network device is determined based on at least one condition related to RS transmission. A first indication of the RS configuration is transmitted to the terminal device. The first indication is included in the field with the determined size.1. A terminal comprising a processor configured to:
select a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and receive, from a network device, an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
select the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from the network device, the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from the network device, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 6. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to the network device, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 7. A network device comprising a processor configured to:
select a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and transmit, to a terminal, an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 8. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
select the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 9. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 10. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 11. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 12. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from a terminal, a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 13. A method comprising:
selecting a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and receiving an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 14. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
selecting the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 16. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
receiving the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 17. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
receiving a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 18. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
transmitting a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 19. A method comprising:
selecting a table from tables of configurations of DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) port number(s); and transmitting an index value of the table in DCI (Downlink Control Information), wherein the number of bits for index values of each of the tables differs depending on a combination of a 1st parameter and a 2nd parameter, wherein the maximum number of DMRS ports being supported depends on the 1st parameter, and wherein the 2nd parameter is a parameter of the number of symbol(s) for DMRS. 20. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
selecting the table, based on the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter, from the tables. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein the 1st parameter is one of DMRS Configuration 1 and DMRS Configuration 2,
wherein up to 4 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, wherein up to 8 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 1 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols, wherein up to 6 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 1 symbol, and wherein up to 12 transmission layers are supported for the DMRS Configuration 2 if the 2nd parameter indicates 2 symbols. 22. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
transmitting the 1st parameter and the 2nd parameter via RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer signaling. 23. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
transmitting a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. 24. The method according to claim 19, comprising:
receiving a DMRS based on a configuration of DMRS port number(s) indexed by the index value. | 1,700 |
341,761 | 16,802,103 | 1,733 | Provided are an adhesive for an endoscope, a cured product thereof, an endoscope produced using the adhesive for an endoscope, and a method for producing the endoscope. The adhesive for an endoscope is a two-component adhesive for an endoscope. The two-component adhesive has a base and a curing agent. The base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins. The curing agent includes at least one specific polyamine compound (B). The adhesive for an endoscope is used to fix at least one of a metal member or a glass member constituting the endoscope. | 1. A two-component adhesive for an endoscope, comprising a base and a curing agent,
wherein the base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins, the curing agent includes at least one polyamine compound (B) represented by general formula (I) or (II), and the adhesive for an endoscope is used to fix at least one of a metal member or a glass member constituting the endoscope,
H2N-L1NH2)n general formula (I)
H2N-L3-L2-L4-NH2 general formula (II) 2. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used to fix a member in a tip portion of an insertion section of the endoscope. 3. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive is used to seal peripheries of an observation window and an illumination window in the tip portion of the insertion section of the endoscope. 4. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive is used to fix a prism in an optical device constituting the endoscope. 5. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used in the form of a mixture of the base and the curing agent with the polyamine compound (B) being present in an amount of 10 to 75 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin (A). 6. A cured product formed by curing the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. 7. An endoscope comprising the cured product according to claim 6, wherein the cured product fixes at least one of a metal member or a glass member. 8. A method for producing an endoscope, comprising fixing at least one of a metal member or a glass member by using the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. | Provided are an adhesive for an endoscope, a cured product thereof, an endoscope produced using the adhesive for an endoscope, and a method for producing the endoscope. The adhesive for an endoscope is a two-component adhesive for an endoscope. The two-component adhesive has a base and a curing agent. The base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins. The curing agent includes at least one specific polyamine compound (B). The adhesive for an endoscope is used to fix at least one of a metal member or a glass member constituting the endoscope.1. A two-component adhesive for an endoscope, comprising a base and a curing agent,
wherein the base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins, the curing agent includes at least one polyamine compound (B) represented by general formula (I) or (II), and the adhesive for an endoscope is used to fix at least one of a metal member or a glass member constituting the endoscope,
H2N-L1NH2)n general formula (I)
H2N-L3-L2-L4-NH2 general formula (II) 2. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used to fix a member in a tip portion of an insertion section of the endoscope. 3. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive is used to seal peripheries of an observation window and an illumination window in the tip portion of the insertion section of the endoscope. 4. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive is used to fix a prism in an optical device constituting the endoscope. 5. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used in the form of a mixture of the base and the curing agent with the polyamine compound (B) being present in an amount of 10 to 75 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin (A). 6. A cured product formed by curing the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. 7. An endoscope comprising the cured product according to claim 6, wherein the cured product fixes at least one of a metal member or a glass member. 8. A method for producing an endoscope, comprising fixing at least one of a metal member or a glass member by using the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
341,762 | 16,802,121 | 1,733 | In accordance with one implementation, a method for mitigating cache transfer time entails reading data into memory from at least two consecutive elliptical data tracks in a main store region of data storage and writing the data read from the at least two consecutive elliptical data tracks to a spiral data track within a cache storage region. | 1. A method comprising:
determining a linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads; identifying a subset of the transducer heads for which the determined linear storage density capability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and assembling a storage device, the storage device having a storage media with a cache region that is read/write accessible by a select transducer head of the identified subset. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a physical location for the cache region prior to assembling the storage device, wherein assembling the storage device further comprises: assembling the storage device with the select transducer head of the identified subset positioned to access the selected physical location. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after assembling the storage device, identifying a storage area accessible by the select transducer head in the identified subset; and selectively defining the cache region within the identified storage area. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining multiple cache storage areas, each of the multiple cache storage areas located within a storage region accessible by an associated transducer head of the identified subset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a highest linear storage density capability of multiple transducer heads included within the storage device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selectively defining the cache region in an outer diameter region of the storage media. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
testing a linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads with respect to multiple different discrete regions of the storage media; and defining the cache region within a select one of the multiple different discrete regions in which a highest linear storage density capability is observed. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
after assembling the storage device, testing a linear storage density capability of each respective transducer head of the plurality of transducer heads within a corresponding outer diameter region of a plurality of outer diameter regions on different disk surfaces; and defining the cache region within a select one of the outer diameter regions in which a highest linear storage density capability is observed. 9. A storage device comprising:
a plurality of transducer heads each having a predetermined linear storage density capability, the plurality of transducer heads including an identified subset of transducer heads for which the predetermined linear storage density capability exceeds a defined threshold; and a cache region that is read/write accessible by a select transducer head of the identified subset. 10. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the cache region is an outer diameter region of a storage media. 11. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a highest linear storage density capability of the plurality of transducer heads. 12. The storage of claim 9, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a higher linear storage density capability when accessing the cache region than when accessing other regions of a same surface of a storage media. 13. The storage device of claim 10, further comprising:
multiple cache storage regions, each of the multiple cache storage regions located within a different discrete storage region accessible by an associated different transducer head of the identified subset. 14. The storage device of claim 13, wherein the multiple cache storage regions are each located in an outer diameter region of a different surface of a storage media. 15. A method comprising:
determining a linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads; identifying a subset of the transducer heads for which the determined linear storage density capability satisfies a predetermined threshold; assembling a storage device, the storage device having a storage media with multiple discrete cache regions, each of the multiple discrete cache regions being read/write accessible by a different transducer head of the identified subset. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
after assembling the storage device, testing a linear density storage capability of each of the transducer heads of the identified subset within multiple discrete regions of the storage media; and defining the multiple discrete cache regions to coincide with the discrete regions for which a highest linear density storage capability is observed. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the multiple discrete cache regions are each located in an outer diameter region of a different surface of the storage media. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
determining the linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads prior to assembling the storage device. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the multiple discrete cache regions is located on a different surface of the storage media. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
prior to assembling the storage device, selecting a physical location for each of the multiple discrete cache regions, wherein assembling the storage device further comprises assembling the storage device with the transducer heads of the identified subset each positioned to access a different one of the multiple discrete cache regions. | In accordance with one implementation, a method for mitigating cache transfer time entails reading data into memory from at least two consecutive elliptical data tracks in a main store region of data storage and writing the data read from the at least two consecutive elliptical data tracks to a spiral data track within a cache storage region.1. A method comprising:
determining a linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads; identifying a subset of the transducer heads for which the determined linear storage density capability satisfies a predetermined threshold; and assembling a storage device, the storage device having a storage media with a cache region that is read/write accessible by a select transducer head of the identified subset. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a physical location for the cache region prior to assembling the storage device, wherein assembling the storage device further comprises: assembling the storage device with the select transducer head of the identified subset positioned to access the selected physical location. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after assembling the storage device, identifying a storage area accessible by the select transducer head in the identified subset; and selectively defining the cache region within the identified storage area. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining multiple cache storage areas, each of the multiple cache storage areas located within a storage region accessible by an associated transducer head of the identified subset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a highest linear storage density capability of multiple transducer heads included within the storage device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selectively defining the cache region in an outer diameter region of the storage media. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
testing a linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads with respect to multiple different discrete regions of the storage media; and defining the cache region within a select one of the multiple different discrete regions in which a highest linear storage density capability is observed. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
after assembling the storage device, testing a linear storage density capability of each respective transducer head of the plurality of transducer heads within a corresponding outer diameter region of a plurality of outer diameter regions on different disk surfaces; and defining the cache region within a select one of the outer diameter regions in which a highest linear storage density capability is observed. 9. A storage device comprising:
a plurality of transducer heads each having a predetermined linear storage density capability, the plurality of transducer heads including an identified subset of transducer heads for which the predetermined linear storage density capability exceeds a defined threshold; and a cache region that is read/write accessible by a select transducer head of the identified subset. 10. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the cache region is an outer diameter region of a storage media. 11. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a highest linear storage density capability of the plurality of transducer heads. 12. The storage of claim 9, wherein the select transducer head demonstrates a higher linear storage density capability when accessing the cache region than when accessing other regions of a same surface of a storage media. 13. The storage device of claim 10, further comprising:
multiple cache storage regions, each of the multiple cache storage regions located within a different discrete storage region accessible by an associated different transducer head of the identified subset. 14. The storage device of claim 13, wherein the multiple cache storage regions are each located in an outer diameter region of a different surface of a storage media. 15. A method comprising:
determining a linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads; identifying a subset of the transducer heads for which the determined linear storage density capability satisfies a predetermined threshold; assembling a storage device, the storage device having a storage media with multiple discrete cache regions, each of the multiple discrete cache regions being read/write accessible by a different transducer head of the identified subset. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
after assembling the storage device, testing a linear density storage capability of each of the transducer heads of the identified subset within multiple discrete regions of the storage media; and defining the multiple discrete cache regions to coincide with the discrete regions for which a highest linear density storage capability is observed. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the multiple discrete cache regions are each located in an outer diameter region of a different surface of the storage media. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the linear storage density capability of each of the plurality of transducer heads further comprises:
determining the linear storage density capability of each of a plurality of transducer heads prior to assembling the storage device. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the multiple discrete cache regions is located on a different surface of the storage media. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
prior to assembling the storage device, selecting a physical location for each of the multiple discrete cache regions, wherein assembling the storage device further comprises assembling the storage device with the transducer heads of the identified subset each positioned to access a different one of the multiple discrete cache regions. | 1,700 |
341,763 | 16,802,134 | 1,733 | Provided is an image forming apparatus including: a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation; a display; an operation device that receives an operation from a user; an image former that forms an image; and a controller that controls the display, the operation device, and the image former. The controller causes the display to selectably display a plurality of prescribed classifications of the sheet, causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in one classification selected though the operation device, and causes the image former to form an image on one kind of sheet selected though the operation device. | 1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation; a display; an operation device that receives an operation from a user; an image former that forms an image; and a controller that controls the display, the operation device, and the image former, wherein the controller causes the display to selectably display a plurality of prescribed classifications of the sheet, causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in one classification selected though the operation device, and causes the image former to form an image on one kind of sheet selected though the operation device. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet classifications include prescribed sheet type classifications, and if the operation device receives an operation that one of the sheet type classifications is selected, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in the one classification selected though the operation device. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet classifications include prescribed sheet size classifications, and if the operation device receives an operation that one of the sheet size classifications is selected, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in the one classification selected though the operation device. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sheet detection sensor that detects whether a sheet is stored in the sheet feed tray, wherein if the sheet detection sensor detects a sheet stored in the sheet feed tray, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet that can be accommodated in the sheet feed tray. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sheet size detection sensor that detects a size of a sheet stored in the sheet feed tray, wherein the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet determined to be displayed based on a sheet size detected by the sheet size detection sensor. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controller causes the display to selectably display, in accordance with a prescribed priority order, a kind of sheet determined to be displayed based on a selection result of the sheet classifications received through the operation device. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet feed tray stores an envelope or a postcard. 8. A method of forming an image by an image forming apparatus including a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation and an image former that forms an image, the method comprising:
displaying; receiving an operation from a user; and forming an image, wherein in the displaying, prescribed classifications of the sheet are selectably displayed, a kind of sheet included in one classification selected in the receiving is selectably displayed, and in the forming, an image is formed on one kind of sheet selected in the receiving. | Provided is an image forming apparatus including: a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation; a display; an operation device that receives an operation from a user; an image former that forms an image; and a controller that controls the display, the operation device, and the image former. The controller causes the display to selectably display a plurality of prescribed classifications of the sheet, causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in one classification selected though the operation device, and causes the image former to form an image on one kind of sheet selected though the operation device.1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation; a display; an operation device that receives an operation from a user; an image former that forms an image; and a controller that controls the display, the operation device, and the image former, wherein the controller causes the display to selectably display a plurality of prescribed classifications of the sheet, causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in one classification selected though the operation device, and causes the image former to form an image on one kind of sheet selected though the operation device. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet classifications include prescribed sheet type classifications, and if the operation device receives an operation that one of the sheet type classifications is selected, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in the one classification selected though the operation device. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet classifications include prescribed sheet size classifications, and if the operation device receives an operation that one of the sheet size classifications is selected, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet included in the one classification selected though the operation device. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sheet detection sensor that detects whether a sheet is stored in the sheet feed tray, wherein if the sheet detection sensor detects a sheet stored in the sheet feed tray, the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet that can be accommodated in the sheet feed tray. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a sheet size detection sensor that detects a size of a sheet stored in the sheet feed tray, wherein the controller causes the display to selectably display a kind of sheet determined to be displayed based on a sheet size detected by the sheet size detection sensor. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the controller causes the display to selectably display, in accordance with a prescribed priority order, a kind of sheet determined to be displayed based on a selection result of the sheet classifications received through the operation device. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the sheet feed tray stores an envelope or a postcard. 8. A method of forming an image by an image forming apparatus including a sheet feed tray that stores a plurality of kinds of sheet for image formation and an image former that forms an image, the method comprising:
displaying; receiving an operation from a user; and forming an image, wherein in the displaying, prescribed classifications of the sheet are selectably displayed, a kind of sheet included in one classification selected in the receiving is selectably displayed, and in the forming, an image is formed on one kind of sheet selected in the receiving. | 1,700 |
341,764 | 16,802,132 | 1,733 | A method and device is described for delivering radiation therapy beam arrangement and beam settings to a radiotherapy device treating a patient with a tumor based medical condition. Patient specific treatment parameters data for the medical condition are developed and modified by the system. The treatment parameters data includes at least radiotherapy beam arrangement or photon beam energy for treatment of the particularized patient tumor location. Patient specific treatment parameters data are derived from a selected treatment plan and may include outlining of the patient's tumor in the medical images, the relevant modified patient specific treatment parameters data transferred to a computer controlling the radiotherapy device to control and apply radiotherapy treatment to the patient according to the modified treatment data. | 1. A computer implemented method for controlling and delivering patient specific treatment of radiation therapy, comprising:
connecting by electronic communication a computer system and a radiotherapy medical treatment device; creating, for an identified patient having a tumor based medical condition, a patient specific treatment plan containing patient specific treatment parameters data by at least one processor of the computer system; controlling the radiotherapy medical treatment device with the patient specific treatment parameters data, the patient specific treatment parameters data including radiation therapy data including at least:
a beam arrangement for the radiotherapy medical treatment device for treatment of a tumor of the identified patient;
a photon beam energy setting for the radiotherapy medical treatment device for treatment of the tumor of the identified patient;
wherein creating the patient specific treatment plan containing the patient specific treatment parameters data for the identified patient includes at least:
receiving, at the at least one processor of the computer system, a request for a treatment template related to a the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient;
identifying, by at least one processor of the computer system, from an electronic database having a plurality of treatment template files, at least one treatment template related to the request, the at least one treatment template including treatment parameters data describing parameters and conditions to be used during treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient and criteria for patient selection for the treatment of the tumor based medical condition;
wherein the treatment template includes at least sample case data, the sample case data including data representing results from at least one example of the treatment template as applied to a medical subject which is not the identified patient;
transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system, the at least one treatment template to an associated user including transmitting the sample case data and criteria for patient selection for the treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient for evaluation by the associated user;
preparing for evaluation by the associated user, the at least one treatment template including the sample case data and criteria for patient selection for the treatment template of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient for evaluation by the associated user;
receiving, by the at least one processor of the computer system, patient-specific data, the patient-specific data describing the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient prior to treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient based on the treatment template, the patient-specific data comprising at least one medical specific parameter, the medical specific parameter being one of a disease stage and a tumor size for the identified patient for the tumor based medical condition;
creating, by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment plan including the patient specific treatment parameters data and patient specific treatment conditions being created based on both the treatment template and the patient specific data;
modifying, using the at least one processor of the computer system, the created patient specific treatment plan, including the patient specific treatment parameters data;
wherein the modified patient specific treatment parameters data includes the photon beam energy setting, patient areas to avoid with the beam and the beam arrangement for the identified patient and for the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient;
transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient to the radiotherapy medical treatment device; and
controlling the radiotherapy medical treatment device with the patient specific treatment parameters data for the identified patient and for the tumor based medical condition of the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient with the radiotherapy medical treatment device based on the patient specific treatment parameters data including at least:
the photon beam energy setting;
radiation dose to be given to the tumor of the patient;
areas to avoid with the beam; and,
the beam arrangement
such that the radiotherapy medical treatment device operates under the modified patient specific treatment parameters data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment template comprises data chosen from indication data, a disclaimer, contra indication data, background information, one or more reference citations, or a combination of two or more thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic database comprising the plurality of treatment template files is resident on a user's computer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic database comprising the plurality of treatment template files is resident on a computer system remote from a user's computer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein transmitting the at least one treatment template includes transmitting the at least one treatment template to a user via a network connection. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising manually modifying the patient specific treatment parameters data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for a treatment protocol template is made via a treatment planning application. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiving the request for a treatment template related to the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient is received by a treatment protocol system running a treatment protocol application on the at least one processor. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient to the radiotherapy medical treatment device is transmitted by a user machine running a medical treatment planning application. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the creating, by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment plan includes applying treatment parameters data in the treatment template to the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the creating of the patient specific treatment plan and the modifying of the patient specific treatment plan is done automatically by the at least one processor thereby avoiding incorrect information entered in the patient specific treatment plan. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the patient specific treatment parameters data are derived from the identified treatment template and may further include modifying medical images of the tumor by outlining of the patient's tumor in the medical images. | A method and device is described for delivering radiation therapy beam arrangement and beam settings to a radiotherapy device treating a patient with a tumor based medical condition. Patient specific treatment parameters data for the medical condition are developed and modified by the system. The treatment parameters data includes at least radiotherapy beam arrangement or photon beam energy for treatment of the particularized patient tumor location. Patient specific treatment parameters data are derived from a selected treatment plan and may include outlining of the patient's tumor in the medical images, the relevant modified patient specific treatment parameters data transferred to a computer controlling the radiotherapy device to control and apply radiotherapy treatment to the patient according to the modified treatment data.1. A computer implemented method for controlling and delivering patient specific treatment of radiation therapy, comprising:
connecting by electronic communication a computer system and a radiotherapy medical treatment device; creating, for an identified patient having a tumor based medical condition, a patient specific treatment plan containing patient specific treatment parameters data by at least one processor of the computer system; controlling the radiotherapy medical treatment device with the patient specific treatment parameters data, the patient specific treatment parameters data including radiation therapy data including at least:
a beam arrangement for the radiotherapy medical treatment device for treatment of a tumor of the identified patient;
a photon beam energy setting for the radiotherapy medical treatment device for treatment of the tumor of the identified patient;
wherein creating the patient specific treatment plan containing the patient specific treatment parameters data for the identified patient includes at least:
receiving, at the at least one processor of the computer system, a request for a treatment template related to a the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient;
identifying, by at least one processor of the computer system, from an electronic database having a plurality of treatment template files, at least one treatment template related to the request, the at least one treatment template including treatment parameters data describing parameters and conditions to be used during treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient and criteria for patient selection for the treatment of the tumor based medical condition;
wherein the treatment template includes at least sample case data, the sample case data including data representing results from at least one example of the treatment template as applied to a medical subject which is not the identified patient;
transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system, the at least one treatment template to an associated user including transmitting the sample case data and criteria for patient selection for the treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient for evaluation by the associated user;
preparing for evaluation by the associated user, the at least one treatment template including the sample case data and criteria for patient selection for the treatment template of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient for evaluation by the associated user;
receiving, by the at least one processor of the computer system, patient-specific data, the patient-specific data describing the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient prior to treatment of the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient based on the treatment template, the patient-specific data comprising at least one medical specific parameter, the medical specific parameter being one of a disease stage and a tumor size for the identified patient for the tumor based medical condition;
creating, by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment plan including the patient specific treatment parameters data and patient specific treatment conditions being created based on both the treatment template and the patient specific data;
modifying, using the at least one processor of the computer system, the created patient specific treatment plan, including the patient specific treatment parameters data;
wherein the modified patient specific treatment parameters data includes the photon beam energy setting, patient areas to avoid with the beam and the beam arrangement for the identified patient and for the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient;
transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient to the radiotherapy medical treatment device; and
controlling the radiotherapy medical treatment device with the patient specific treatment parameters data for the identified patient and for the tumor based medical condition of the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient with the radiotherapy medical treatment device based on the patient specific treatment parameters data including at least:
the photon beam energy setting;
radiation dose to be given to the tumor of the patient;
areas to avoid with the beam; and,
the beam arrangement
such that the radiotherapy medical treatment device operates under the modified patient specific treatment parameters data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment template comprises data chosen from indication data, a disclaimer, contra indication data, background information, one or more reference citations, or a combination of two or more thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic database comprising the plurality of treatment template files is resident on a user's computer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic database comprising the plurality of treatment template files is resident on a computer system remote from a user's computer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein transmitting the at least one treatment template includes transmitting the at least one treatment template to a user via a network connection. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising manually modifying the patient specific treatment parameters data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the request for a treatment protocol template is made via a treatment planning application. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the receiving the request for a treatment template related to the tumor based medical condition of the identified patient is received by a treatment protocol system running a treatment protocol application on the at least one processor. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the transmitting by the at least one processor of the computer system the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan for treating the identified patient to the radiotherapy medical treatment device is transmitted by a user machine running a medical treatment planning application. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the creating, by the at least one processor of the computer system, the patient specific treatment plan includes applying treatment parameters data in the treatment template to the patient specific treatment parameters data of the patient specific treatment plan. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the creating of the patient specific treatment plan and the modifying of the patient specific treatment plan is done automatically by the at least one processor thereby avoiding incorrect information entered in the patient specific treatment plan. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the patient specific treatment parameters data are derived from the identified treatment template and may further include modifying medical images of the tumor by outlining of the patient's tumor in the medical images. | 1,700 |
341,765 | 16,802,110 | 1,733 | Examples may include a determining a policy for primary and secondary virtual machines based on output-packet-similarities. The output-packet-similarities may be based on a comparison of time intervals via which content matched for packets outputted from the primary and secondary virtual machines. A mode may then be selected based, at least in part, on the determined policy. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor circuit; and a memory storing instructions which when executed by the processor circuit cause the processor circuit to:
receive information indicating output packet similarity between a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), the output packet similarity including separate time intervals during which content matched for packets outputted by the PVM and the SVM;
determine a policy for outputted packets based on the information; and
select a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy, the first delivery mode to buffer the outputted packets to delay routing of the outputted packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the outputted packets to the external network if the outputted packets by the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent outputted packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the outputted packets by the PVM and SVM do not match. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, the PVM hosted by a first server, the SVM hosted by a second server. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, the second delivery mode selected based on a determination that at least one time interval between a plurality of consecutive checkpoint actions is greater than an interval threshold. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, the checkpoint action based on a fixed time interval between implementation of the checkpoint action and a previous checkpoint action. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, the separate time intervals comprising the separate time intervals each associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM, longer separate time intervals indicating a higher level of output packet similarity relative to shorter time intervals indicating a lower level of output packet similarity. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a threshold number of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the second delivery mode selected based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the threshold number of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on an average time interval between a number of consecutive checkpoint actions for outputted packets is greater than an interval threshold, otherwise the policy to indicate to select the first delivery mode. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode as long as at least one time interval between a number of consecutive checkpoint actions for outputted packets is greater than an interval threshold, otherwise the policy to indicate to select the first delivery mode. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that in response to being executed by a system cause the system to:
receive information indicating output packet similarity between a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), the output packet similarity including separate time intervals during which content matched for packets outputted by the PVM and the SVM; determine a policy for outputted packets based on the information; and select a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy, the first delivery mode to buffer the outputted packets to delay routing of the outputted packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the outputted packets to the external network if the outputted packets by the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent outputted packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the outputted packets by the PVM and SVM do not match. 11. The storage medium of claim 10, the second delivery mode selected based on a determination that at least one time interval between a plurality of consecutive checkpoint actions is greater than an interval threshold. 12. The storage medium of claim 10, the checkpoint action based on a fixed time interval between implementation of the checkpoint action and a previous checkpoint action. 13. The storage medium of claim 10, the separate time intervals comprising the separate time intervals each associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM, longer separate time intervals indicating a higher level of output packet similarity relative to shorter time intervals indicating a lower level of output packet similarity. 14. The storage medium of claim 13, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 15. A method, comprising:
comparing, at a processor circuit, output packet contents from a primary virtual machine (PVM) with output packet contents from a secondary virtual machine (SVM); determining information indicating output packet similarity between the PVM and the SVM based on one or more time intervals for which the output packet contents match; and selecting a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined information, the first delivery mode to buffer the output packets to delay routing of the output packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the output packets to the external network if the output packets from the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent output packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the output packet contents from the PVM and SVM do not match. 16. The method of claim 15, the one or more time intervals comprising one or more separate time intervals associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM. 17. The method of claim 15, comprising:
determining a delivery policy based on the received information; and selecting the first delivery mode or the second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that in response to being executed by a system cause the system to:
determine, based on information to indicate an output packet similarity for a plurality of applications separately executed by a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), that migration of a first application of the plurality of applications executed by the PVM and the SVM to another PVM and SVM would cause the PVM and the SVM to have an output packet similarity for outputted packets generated by a second application of the plurality of applications that includes an average time interval above a time interval threshold; cause the first application to be migrated to the other PVM and SVM; subsequent to the migration of the first application, move the PVM and the SVM from a buffered pool to an instant pool, the buffered pool including one or more first PVMs/SVMs arranged to have outputted packets from one or more first PVMs/SVMs delayed from being routed to an external network without being immediately routed to the external network, the instant pool including one or more second PVMs/SVMs arranged to have outputted packets from the one or more second PVMs/SVMs immediately routed to the external network when content for outputted packets match between the second PVMs/SVMs; and change a delivery mode used to route output packets from the PVM or the SVM to the external network. 19. The storage medium of claim 18, comprising instructions that in response to being executed by the system cause the system to, prior to the determination:
receive the information to indicate the output packet similarity for the plurality of applications; and add the PVM and the SVM to the buffered pool based on the delivery mode. 20. The storage medium of claim 18, comprising instructions that in response to being executed by the system cause the system to:
maintain a pool database including information to indicate the output packet similarity for each application of the plurality of applications separately executed by the PVM and the SVM. | Examples may include a determining a policy for primary and secondary virtual machines based on output-packet-similarities. The output-packet-similarities may be based on a comparison of time intervals via which content matched for packets outputted from the primary and secondary virtual machines. A mode may then be selected based, at least in part, on the determined policy.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor circuit; and a memory storing instructions which when executed by the processor circuit cause the processor circuit to:
receive information indicating output packet similarity between a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), the output packet similarity including separate time intervals during which content matched for packets outputted by the PVM and the SVM;
determine a policy for outputted packets based on the information; and
select a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy, the first delivery mode to buffer the outputted packets to delay routing of the outputted packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the outputted packets to the external network if the outputted packets by the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent outputted packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the outputted packets by the PVM and SVM do not match. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, the PVM hosted by a first server, the SVM hosted by a second server. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, the second delivery mode selected based on a determination that at least one time interval between a plurality of consecutive checkpoint actions is greater than an interval threshold. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, the checkpoint action based on a fixed time interval between implementation of the checkpoint action and a previous checkpoint action. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, the separate time intervals comprising the separate time intervals each associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM, longer separate time intervals indicating a higher level of output packet similarity relative to shorter time intervals indicating a lower level of output packet similarity. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a threshold number of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the second delivery mode selected based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the threshold number of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on an average time interval between a number of consecutive checkpoint actions for outputted packets is greater than an interval threshold, otherwise the policy to indicate to select the first delivery mode. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode as long as at least one time interval between a number of consecutive checkpoint actions for outputted packets is greater than an interval threshold, otherwise the policy to indicate to select the first delivery mode. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that in response to being executed by a system cause the system to:
receive information indicating output packet similarity between a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), the output packet similarity including separate time intervals during which content matched for packets outputted by the PVM and the SVM; determine a policy for outputted packets based on the information; and select a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy, the first delivery mode to buffer the outputted packets to delay routing of the outputted packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the outputted packets to the external network if the outputted packets by the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent outputted packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the outputted packets by the PVM and SVM do not match. 11. The storage medium of claim 10, the second delivery mode selected based on a determination that at least one time interval between a plurality of consecutive checkpoint actions is greater than an interval threshold. 12. The storage medium of claim 10, the checkpoint action based on a fixed time interval between implementation of the checkpoint action and a previous checkpoint action. 13. The storage medium of claim 10, the separate time intervals comprising the separate time intervals each associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM, longer separate time intervals indicating a higher level of output packet similarity relative to shorter time intervals indicating a lower level of output packet similarity. 14. The storage medium of claim 13, the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for a majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions, the policy to indicate to select the second delivery mode based on the separate time intervals indicating the higher level of output packet similarity for the majority of the plurality of checkpoint actions. 15. A method, comprising:
comparing, at a processor circuit, output packet contents from a primary virtual machine (PVM) with output packet contents from a secondary virtual machine (SVM); determining information indicating output packet similarity between the PVM and the SVM based on one or more time intervals for which the output packet contents match; and selecting a first delivery mode or a second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined information, the first delivery mode to buffer the output packets to delay routing of the output packets to an external network until a checkpoint action is completed, the second delivery mode to: immediately route the output packets to the external network if the output packets from the PVM and the SVM match, or implement the checkpoint action to delay delivery of subsequent output packets until the checkpoint action is complete if the output packet contents from the PVM and SVM do not match. 16. The method of claim 15, the one or more time intervals comprising one or more separate time intervals associated with at least one checkpoint action of a plurality of checkpoint actions by the PVM and the SVM. 17. The method of claim 15, comprising:
determining a delivery policy based on the received information; and selecting the first delivery mode or the second delivery mode based at least in part on the determined policy. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that in response to being executed by a system cause the system to:
determine, based on information to indicate an output packet similarity for a plurality of applications separately executed by a primary virtual machine (PVM) and a secondary virtual machine (SVM), that migration of a first application of the plurality of applications executed by the PVM and the SVM to another PVM and SVM would cause the PVM and the SVM to have an output packet similarity for outputted packets generated by a second application of the plurality of applications that includes an average time interval above a time interval threshold; cause the first application to be migrated to the other PVM and SVM; subsequent to the migration of the first application, move the PVM and the SVM from a buffered pool to an instant pool, the buffered pool including one or more first PVMs/SVMs arranged to have outputted packets from one or more first PVMs/SVMs delayed from being routed to an external network without being immediately routed to the external network, the instant pool including one or more second PVMs/SVMs arranged to have outputted packets from the one or more second PVMs/SVMs immediately routed to the external network when content for outputted packets match between the second PVMs/SVMs; and change a delivery mode used to route output packets from the PVM or the SVM to the external network. 19. The storage medium of claim 18, comprising instructions that in response to being executed by the system cause the system to, prior to the determination:
receive the information to indicate the output packet similarity for the plurality of applications; and add the PVM and the SVM to the buffered pool based on the delivery mode. 20. The storage medium of claim 18, comprising instructions that in response to being executed by the system cause the system to:
maintain a pool database including information to indicate the output packet similarity for each application of the plurality of applications separately executed by the PVM and the SVM. | 1,700 |
341,766 | 16,802,129 | 1,733 | Compression coding may be used with forward error correction (FEC) coding to provide higher information rates by reducing the proportion of redundant bits relative to information bits that are transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver. In one example, first determiners and second determiners are calculated from a set of information bits, where each first determiner is calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, and each second determiner is calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension. First and second nubs are calculated from the first and second determiners, respectively, each nub comprising a number of redundant bits that is less than the number of bits in the determiners from which the nub is calculated. The information bits and the nubs are transmitted over one or more communications channels. | 1. A method of transmission over one or more communications channels, the method comprising:
calculating from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; calculating from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; calculating from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; calculating from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and transmitting the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over the one or more communications channels. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
calculating from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; calculating from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and transmitting the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
transmitting the set of information bits in a first manner; and transmitting the first nub and the second nub in a second manner that is distinct from the first manner. 8. An electronic device comprising:
circuitry configured to calculate from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; circuitry configured to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and circuitry configured to transmit the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over the one or more communications channels. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising
circuitry configured to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and circuitry configured to transmit the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising
circuitry configured to transmit the set of information bits in a first manner; and circuitry configured to transmit the first nub and the second nub in a second manner that is distinct from the first manner. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the processor:
to calculate from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; to calculate from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; to calculate from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and to transmit the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over one or more communications channels. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor
to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; to calculate from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and to transmit the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. | Compression coding may be used with forward error correction (FEC) coding to provide higher information rates by reducing the proportion of redundant bits relative to information bits that are transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver. In one example, first determiners and second determiners are calculated from a set of information bits, where each first determiner is calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, and each second determiner is calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension. First and second nubs are calculated from the first and second determiners, respectively, each nub comprising a number of redundant bits that is less than the number of bits in the determiners from which the nub is calculated. The information bits and the nubs are transmitted over one or more communications channels.1. A method of transmission over one or more communications channels, the method comprising:
calculating from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; calculating from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; calculating from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; calculating from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and transmitting the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over the one or more communications channels. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
calculating from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; calculating from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and transmitting the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising
transmitting the set of information bits in a first manner; and transmitting the first nub and the second nub in a second manner that is distinct from the first manner. 8. An electronic device comprising:
circuitry configured to calculate from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; circuitry configured to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and circuitry configured to transmit the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over the one or more communications channels. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising
circuitry configured to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; circuitry configured to calculate from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and circuitry configured to transmit the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 11. The electronic device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising
circuitry configured to transmit the set of information bits in a first manner; and circuitry configured to transmit the first nub and the second nub in a second manner that is distinct from the first manner. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the processor:
to calculate from a set of information bits a plurality of first determiners, each first determiner calculated from a different first subset of the information bits along a first dimension, wherein the plurality of first determiners is an integer greater than four; to calculate from the plurality of first determiners a first nub comprising a first number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of first determiners; to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of second determiners, each second determiner calculated from a different second subset of the information bits along a second dimension that differs from the first dimension, wherein the plurality of second determiners is an integer greater than four, and wherein an intersection of the plurality of first determiners and the plurality of second determiners comprises at least one bit; to calculate from the plurality of second determiners a second nub comprising a second number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of second determiners; and to transmit the set of information bits, the first nub, and the second nub over one or more communications channels. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first dimension is substantially orthogonal to the second dimension. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor
to calculate from the set of information bits a plurality of third determiners, each third determiner calculated from a different third subset of the information bits along a third dimension that differs from the first dimension and from the second dimension; to calculate from the plurality of third determiners a third nub comprising a third number of redundant bits that is less than a number of bits comprised in the plurality of third determiners; and to transmit the third nub over the one or more communication channels. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein the third dimension is diagonal to the first dimension and to the second dimension. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first determiners or the second determiners or both are calculated using a binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first nub or the second nub or both are calculated using a Reed-Solomon code. | 1,700 |
341,767 | 16,802,127 | 1,733 | Methods and systems for selecting, testing, and applying application configurations are presented. In one embodiment, a method is provided that includes executing an application according to a first configuration and measuring a first plurality of metrics. A change to a setting of the first configuration may be identified by a machine learning model to generate a second configuration. The application may be executed according to the second configuration and a second plurality of metrics may be measured. A selected configuration for future executions of the application may be selected from among the first and second configurations based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics. | 1. A method comprising:
(a) executing an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings; (b) measuring a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration; (c) identifying, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration; (d) executing the application according to the second configuration; (e) measuring a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and (f) selecting, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising iterating (c)-(e) to identify a plurality of configurations and to measure multiple pluralities of metrics associated with the plurality of configurations, and wherein (f) includes selecting the selected configuration from among the plurality of configurations based on the multiple pluralities of metrics. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of configuration settings are identified based on a predetermined configuration space. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is selected to comply with a predefined range of values associated with the at least one configuration setting within the predetermined configuration space. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is trained, based on a plurality of previously-identified configurations and a plurality of previously-identified operating metrics, to identify the change. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving the application for execution within a computing environment; and monitoring a plurality of executed configurations for the application during execution with the computing environment, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of executed configurations 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least one configuration identified by the machine learning model for a previous execution of the application. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the application is executed in a first computing environment, and wherein the method further comprises, prior to (a), executing, within a second computing environment, the application a plurality of times according to a plurality of testing configurations, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of testing configurations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first configuration further includes a system-level configuration specifying an amount of one or more system resources available for execution of the function, and wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is identified at least in part based on the system-level configuration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is implemented by a neural network model. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the execution metrics include at least one of a latency of the application, a throughput of the application, a processor utilization of the application, a memory utilization of the application, and a storage utilization of the application. 12. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
(a) execute an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings;
(b) measure a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration;
(c) identify, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration;
(d) execute the application according to the second configuration;
(e) measure a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and
(f) select, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to iterate (c)-(e) to identify a plurality of configurations and to measure multiple pluralities of metrics associated with the plurality of configurations, and wherein (f) includes selecting the selected configuration from among the plurality of configurations based on the multiple pluralities of metrics. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of configuration settings are identified based on a predetermined configuration space. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is selected to comply with a predefined range of values associated with the at least one configuration setting within the predetermined configuration space. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the machine learning model is trained, based on a plurality of previously-identified configurations and a plurality of previously-identified operating metrics, to identify the change. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to:
receive the application for execution within a computing environment; and monitor a plurality of executed configurations for the application during execution with the computing environment, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of executed configurations 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the application is executed in a first computing environment, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to, prior to (a), execute, within a second computing environment, the application a plurality of times according to a plurality of testing configurations, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of testing configurations. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the first configuration further includes a system-level configuration specifying an amount of one or more system resources available for execution of the function, and wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is identified at least in part based on the system-level configuration. 20. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
(a) execute an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings; (b) measure a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration; (c) identify, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration; (d) execute the application according to the second configuration; (e) measure a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and (f) select, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. | Methods and systems for selecting, testing, and applying application configurations are presented. In one embodiment, a method is provided that includes executing an application according to a first configuration and measuring a first plurality of metrics. A change to a setting of the first configuration may be identified by a machine learning model to generate a second configuration. The application may be executed according to the second configuration and a second plurality of metrics may be measured. A selected configuration for future executions of the application may be selected from among the first and second configurations based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics.1. A method comprising:
(a) executing an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings; (b) measuring a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration; (c) identifying, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration; (d) executing the application according to the second configuration; (e) measuring a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and (f) selecting, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising iterating (c)-(e) to identify a plurality of configurations and to measure multiple pluralities of metrics associated with the plurality of configurations, and wherein (f) includes selecting the selected configuration from among the plurality of configurations based on the multiple pluralities of metrics. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of configuration settings are identified based on a predetermined configuration space. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is selected to comply with a predefined range of values associated with the at least one configuration setting within the predetermined configuration space. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is trained, based on a plurality of previously-identified configurations and a plurality of previously-identified operating metrics, to identify the change. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving the application for execution within a computing environment; and monitoring a plurality of executed configurations for the application during execution with the computing environment, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of executed configurations 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least one configuration identified by the machine learning model for a previous execution of the application. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the application is executed in a first computing environment, and wherein the method further comprises, prior to (a), executing, within a second computing environment, the application a plurality of times according to a plurality of testing configurations, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of testing configurations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first configuration further includes a system-level configuration specifying an amount of one or more system resources available for execution of the function, and wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is identified at least in part based on the system-level configuration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is implemented by a neural network model. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the execution metrics include at least one of a latency of the application, a throughput of the application, a processor utilization of the application, a memory utilization of the application, and a storage utilization of the application. 12. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
(a) execute an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings;
(b) measure a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration;
(c) identify, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration;
(d) execute the application according to the second configuration;
(e) measure a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and
(f) select, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to iterate (c)-(e) to identify a plurality of configurations and to measure multiple pluralities of metrics associated with the plurality of configurations, and wherein (f) includes selecting the selected configuration from among the plurality of configurations based on the multiple pluralities of metrics. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of configuration settings are identified based on a predetermined configuration space. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is selected to comply with a predefined range of values associated with the at least one configuration setting within the predetermined configuration space. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the machine learning model is trained, based on a plurality of previously-identified configurations and a plurality of previously-identified operating metrics, to identify the change. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to:
receive the application for execution within a computing environment; and monitor a plurality of executed configurations for the application during execution with the computing environment, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of executed configurations 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the application is executed in a first computing environment, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to, prior to (a), execute, within a second computing environment, the application a plurality of times according to a plurality of testing configurations, wherein the plurality of previously-identified configurations includes at least a subset of the plurality of testing configurations. 19. The system of claim 13, wherein the first configuration further includes a system-level configuration specifying an amount of one or more system resources available for execution of the function, and wherein the change to the at least one configuration setting is identified at least in part based on the system-level configuration. 20. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
(a) execute an application according to a first configuration, the first configuration including a plurality of configuration settings; (b) measure a first plurality of metrics regarding the execution of the application according to the first configuration; (c) identify, with a machine learning model, a change to at least one configuration setting to generate a second configuration; (d) execute the application according to the second configuration; (e) measure a second plurality of metrics regarding execution of the application according to the second configuration; and (f) select, based on the first plurality of metrics and the second plurality of metrics, a selected configuration for future executions of the application from among the first and second configurations. | 1,700 |
341,768 | 16,802,135 | 1,733 | An example arc starting/stabilizing circuit includes: a pulse generator configured to generate voltage pulses having a first voltage; and a plurality of transformers configured to receive the voltage pulses and output the voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein: each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn; the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the pulse generator to receive the voltage pulses; and the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series and are configured to conduct welding-type current in the welding-type output circuit. | 1. An arc starting/stabilizing circuit, comprising:
a pulse generator configured to generate voltage pulses having a first voltage; and a plurality of transformers configured to receive the voltage pulses and output the voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein:
each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn;
the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the pulse generator to receive the voltage pulses; and
the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series and are configured to conduct welding-type current in the welding-type output circuit. 2. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein the secondary winding turns collectively comprise a straight conductor extending through the cores of the plurality of transformers. 3. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein the cores of the plurality of transformers are each positioned to encircle the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers, and the one primary winding turn of each of the transformers is wound around one leg of the corresponding core. 4. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, further comprising one or more printed circuit boards, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers comprise respective traces on the one or more printed circuit boards, and the cores of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the one or more printed circuit boards. 5. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein for each of the plurality of transformers, the secondary winding turn is not physically wound around the core. 6. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, further comprising a switch configured to selectively disconnect at least one of the plurality of transformers from the pulse generator. 7. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to selectively close or open the switch to control the second voltage from the plurality of transformers. 8. A welding-type system, comprising:
power conversion circuitry configured to convert input current to welding-type current, and to output the welding-type current to a welding-type circuit;
arc starting/stabilizing circuitry coupled to the welding-type circuit and configured to output a plurality of output voltage pulses to the welding-type circuit, the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry comprising:
a pulse generator configured to generate lower voltage pulses having a first voltage; and
a plurality of transformers configured to receive the lower voltage pulses and output the output voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein:
each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn;
the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in parallel, and coupled to the pulse generator to receive the lower voltage pulses; and
the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series with the welding-type circuit to output the output voltage pulses to the welding-type circuit. 9. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising a housing, wherein the power conversion circuitry and the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry are enclosed within the housing. 10. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry is detachable from the welding-type circuit. 11. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising control circuitry configured to control the power conversion circuitry and to control the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry to selectively output the output voltage pulses. 12. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the secondary winding turns collectively comprise a straight conductor extending through the cores of the plurality of transformers. 13. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the cores of the plurality of transformers are each positioned to encircle the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers, and the one primary winding turn of each of the transformers is wound around one leg of the corresponding core. 14. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry comprises one or more printed circuit boards, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers comprise respective traces on the one or more printed circuit boards, and the cores of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the one or more printed circuit boards. 15. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein, for each of the plurality of transformers, the secondary winding turn is not physically wound around the core. 16. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising a switch configured to selectively disconnect at least one of the plurality of transformers from the pulse generator. 17. The welding-type system as defined in claim 16, further comprising a control circuit configured to selectively close or open the switch to control the second voltage from the plurality of transformers. 18. An arc starting/stabilizing circuit, comprising:
a plurality of transformers, each of the plurality of transformers having one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are configured to receive a voltage pulse simultaneously, wherein the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series, configured to conduct welding-type current, and configured to step up the voltage pulse. 19. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 18, wherein the primary winding turns of at least two of the plurality of transformers are coupled in parallel and are configured to receive a same voltage pulse from a same pulse generator. 20. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 18, wherein the primary winding turns of at least two of the plurality of transformers are coupled to different respective pulse generators, the pulse generators configured to simultaneously output respective voltage pulses to the corresponding transformers. | An example arc starting/stabilizing circuit includes: a pulse generator configured to generate voltage pulses having a first voltage; and a plurality of transformers configured to receive the voltage pulses and output the voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein: each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn; the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the pulse generator to receive the voltage pulses; and the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series and are configured to conduct welding-type current in the welding-type output circuit.1. An arc starting/stabilizing circuit, comprising:
a pulse generator configured to generate voltage pulses having a first voltage; and a plurality of transformers configured to receive the voltage pulses and output the voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein:
each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn;
the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the pulse generator to receive the voltage pulses; and
the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series and are configured to conduct welding-type current in the welding-type output circuit. 2. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein the secondary winding turns collectively comprise a straight conductor extending through the cores of the plurality of transformers. 3. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein the cores of the plurality of transformers are each positioned to encircle the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers, and the one primary winding turn of each of the transformers is wound around one leg of the corresponding core. 4. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, further comprising one or more printed circuit boards, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers comprise respective traces on the one or more printed circuit boards, and the cores of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the one or more printed circuit boards. 5. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, wherein for each of the plurality of transformers, the secondary winding turn is not physically wound around the core. 6. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 1, further comprising a switch configured to selectively disconnect at least one of the plurality of transformers from the pulse generator. 7. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 6, further comprising a control circuit configured to selectively close or open the switch to control the second voltage from the plurality of transformers. 8. A welding-type system, comprising:
power conversion circuitry configured to convert input current to welding-type current, and to output the welding-type current to a welding-type circuit;
arc starting/stabilizing circuitry coupled to the welding-type circuit and configured to output a plurality of output voltage pulses to the welding-type circuit, the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry comprising:
a pulse generator configured to generate lower voltage pulses having a first voltage; and
a plurality of transformers configured to receive the lower voltage pulses and output the output voltage pulses to a welding-type output circuit at a second voltage higher than the first voltage, wherein:
each of the plurality of transformers comprises one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn;
the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in parallel, and coupled to the pulse generator to receive the lower voltage pulses; and
the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series with the welding-type circuit to output the output voltage pulses to the welding-type circuit. 9. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising a housing, wherein the power conversion circuitry and the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry are enclosed within the housing. 10. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry is detachable from the welding-type circuit. 11. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising control circuitry configured to control the power conversion circuitry and to control the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry to selectively output the output voltage pulses. 12. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the secondary winding turns collectively comprise a straight conductor extending through the cores of the plurality of transformers. 13. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the cores of the plurality of transformers are each positioned to encircle the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers, and the one primary winding turn of each of the transformers is wound around one leg of the corresponding core. 14. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein the arc starting/stabilizing circuitry comprises one or more printed circuit boards, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers comprise respective traces on the one or more printed circuit boards, and the cores of the plurality of transformers are coupled to the one or more printed circuit boards. 15. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, wherein, for each of the plurality of transformers, the secondary winding turn is not physically wound around the core. 16. The welding-type system as defined in claim 8, further comprising a switch configured to selectively disconnect at least one of the plurality of transformers from the pulse generator. 17. The welding-type system as defined in claim 16, further comprising a control circuit configured to selectively close or open the switch to control the second voltage from the plurality of transformers. 18. An arc starting/stabilizing circuit, comprising:
a plurality of transformers, each of the plurality of transformers having one primary winding turn, one secondary winding turn, and a core configured to magnetically couple the primary winding turn and the secondary winding turn, wherein the primary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are configured to receive a voltage pulse simultaneously, wherein the secondary winding turns of the plurality of transformers are coupled in series, configured to conduct welding-type current, and configured to step up the voltage pulse. 19. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 18, wherein the primary winding turns of at least two of the plurality of transformers are coupled in parallel and are configured to receive a same voltage pulse from a same pulse generator. 20. The arc starting/stabilizing circuit as defined in claim 18, wherein the primary winding turns of at least two of the plurality of transformers are coupled to different respective pulse generators, the pulse generators configured to simultaneously output respective voltage pulses to the corresponding transformers. | 1,700 |
341,769 | 16,802,107 | 1,733 | The present invention relates to systems, devices and methods for diagnosing cancer. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for quantifying a 5′-htRNA; a method for quantifying a 3′-htRNA; a method for obtaining a DNA library of 5′-htRNAs and a DNA library of 5′-htRNAs obtained therefrom; and a method for obtaining a DNA library of 3′-htRNAs and a DNA library of 3′-htRNAs obtained therefrom. The invention also teaches a method for determining the presence or absence of a cancer cell in a biological sample; a method of diagnosing cancer in a subject; and a method of prognosing cancer in a subject. | 1. A method for quantifying a 5′-htRNA in an RNA sample, comprising:
(a) treating the RNA sample with a polynucleotide kinase;
(b) adding a 3′-RNA adaptor to the RNA sample;
(c) treating the RNA sample with an RNA ligase;
(d) adding an oligonucleotide probe targeting the boundary between the 5′-htRNA and the 3′-RNA adaptor to the RNA sample;
(e) performing a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on the RNA sample; and
(f) quantifying the 5′-htRNA in the RNA sample by detecting the qRT-PCR product. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 5′-htRNA is 5′-htRNAAsp or 5′-htRNAHis. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is total RNA. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is derived from a cell, tissue, or organ. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is derived from a cancerous cell, tissue, or organ. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is approximately at least 100 pg. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide kinase is a T4 polynucleotide kinase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA ligase is a T4 RNA ligase. 9. (canceled) 10. A nucleic acid generated according to the method of claim 1. 11-58. (canceled) | The present invention relates to systems, devices and methods for diagnosing cancer. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method for quantifying a 5′-htRNA; a method for quantifying a 3′-htRNA; a method for obtaining a DNA library of 5′-htRNAs and a DNA library of 5′-htRNAs obtained therefrom; and a method for obtaining a DNA library of 3′-htRNAs and a DNA library of 3′-htRNAs obtained therefrom. The invention also teaches a method for determining the presence or absence of a cancer cell in a biological sample; a method of diagnosing cancer in a subject; and a method of prognosing cancer in a subject.1. A method for quantifying a 5′-htRNA in an RNA sample, comprising:
(a) treating the RNA sample with a polynucleotide kinase;
(b) adding a 3′-RNA adaptor to the RNA sample;
(c) treating the RNA sample with an RNA ligase;
(d) adding an oligonucleotide probe targeting the boundary between the 5′-htRNA and the 3′-RNA adaptor to the RNA sample;
(e) performing a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on the RNA sample; and
(f) quantifying the 5′-htRNA in the RNA sample by detecting the qRT-PCR product. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 5′-htRNA is 5′-htRNAAsp or 5′-htRNAHis. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is total RNA. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is derived from a cell, tissue, or organ. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is derived from a cancerous cell, tissue, or organ. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA sample is approximately at least 100 pg. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polynucleotide kinase is a T4 polynucleotide kinase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNA ligase is a T4 RNA ligase. 9. (canceled) 10. A nucleic acid generated according to the method of claim 1. 11-58. (canceled) | 1,700 |
341,770 | 16,802,140 | 3,663 | Embodiments include apparatuses, methods, and systems for computer assisted or autonomous driving (CA/AD). An apparatus for CA/AD may include a sensor interface, a communication interface, and a driving strategy unit. The sensor interface may receive sensor data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of a CA/AD vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the CA/AD vehicle. The communication interface may receive, from an external road surface condition data source, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the CA/AD vehicle. The driving strategy unit may determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external road surface condition data source, a driving strategy for the CA/AD vehicle beyond the current location of the CA/AD vehicle. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus for computer assisted or autonomous driving, comprising:
a sensor interface to receive, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; a communication interface to receive, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and a driving strategy determiner coupled to the sensor interface and the communication interface to determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 28. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 29. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the communication interface is to receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 30. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the communication interface is further to communicate, to the external data source, the sensor data. 31. An apparatus for computer assisted or autonomous driving, comprising:
first means for receiving, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; second means for receiving, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and driving strategy means for determining, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 33. The apparatus of claim 31,
wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 34. The apparatus of claim 31,
wherein the second means for receiving receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
means for communicating the sensor data to the external data source. 36. A method for computer assisted or autonomous driving, the method comprising:
receiving, via a wireless technology, an indication of friction between a road surface of a first location where a first vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the first vehicle, wherein the first location is located in a road section; processing the received indication of the friction at the first location for the first vehicle to generate an indication of a friction for a surface of the road section; and communicating to a second CA/AD vehicle at a second location the generated indication of the friction for the surface of the road section, wherein the second location is separated from the road section by a distance along a road driving direction. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a friction between a road surface of the second location where the second vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the second CA/AD vehicle. 38. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that cause a computer system, in response to execution of the instructions by the computer system, to
receive, via a wireless technology, an indication of friction between a road surface of a first location where a first CA/AD vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the first CA/AD vehicle, wherein the first location is located in a road section; process the received indication of the friction at the first location for the first CA/AD vehicle to generate an indication of a friction for a surface of the road section; and communicate to a second CA/AD vehicle at a second location the generated indication of the friction for the surface of the road section, wherein the second location is separated from the road section by a distance along a road driving direction. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 38, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
receive an indication of a friction between a road surface of the second location where the second vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the second CA/AD vehicle. 40. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that cause a computer system, in response to execution of the instructions by the computer system, to
receive, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; receive, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 41. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 42. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 43. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 44. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
communicate the sensor data to the external data source. | Embodiments include apparatuses, methods, and systems for computer assisted or autonomous driving (CA/AD). An apparatus for CA/AD may include a sensor interface, a communication interface, and a driving strategy unit. The sensor interface may receive sensor data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of a CA/AD vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the CA/AD vehicle. The communication interface may receive, from an external road surface condition data source, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the CA/AD vehicle. The driving strategy unit may determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external road surface condition data source, a driving strategy for the CA/AD vehicle beyond the current location of the CA/AD vehicle. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed.1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus for computer assisted or autonomous driving, comprising:
a sensor interface to receive, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; a communication interface to receive, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and a driving strategy determiner coupled to the sensor interface and the communication interface to determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 28. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 29. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the communication interface is to receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 30. The apparatus of claim 26,
wherein the communication interface is further to communicate, to the external data source, the sensor data. 31. An apparatus for computer assisted or autonomous driving, comprising:
first means for receiving, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; second means for receiving, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and driving strategy means for determining, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 33. The apparatus of claim 31,
wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 34. The apparatus of claim 31,
wherein the second means for receiving receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:
means for communicating the sensor data to the external data source. 36. A method for computer assisted or autonomous driving, the method comprising:
receiving, via a wireless technology, an indication of friction between a road surface of a first location where a first vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the first vehicle, wherein the first location is located in a road section; processing the received indication of the friction at the first location for the first vehicle to generate an indication of a friction for a surface of the road section; and communicating to a second CA/AD vehicle at a second location the generated indication of the friction for the surface of the road section, wherein the second location is separated from the road section by a distance along a road driving direction. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising:
receiving an indication of a friction between a road surface of the second location where the second vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the second CA/AD vehicle. 38. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that cause a computer system, in response to execution of the instructions by the computer system, to
receive, via a wireless technology, an indication of friction between a road surface of a first location where a first CA/AD vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the first CA/AD vehicle, wherein the first location is located in a road section; process the received indication of the friction at the first location for the first CA/AD vehicle to generate an indication of a friction for a surface of the road section; and communicate to a second CA/AD vehicle at a second location the generated indication of the friction for the surface of the road section, wherein the second location is separated from the road section by a distance along a road driving direction. 39. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 38, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
receive an indication of a friction between a road surface of the second location where the second vehicle is in and one or more surfaces of one or more tires of the second CA/AD vehicle. 40. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions that cause a computer system, in response to execution of the instructions by the computer system, to
receive, from one or more sensors disposed at a vehicle, vehicle data indicative of friction between a road surface of a current location of the vehicle and one or more surfaces of one or more wheels of the vehicle; receive, from an external data source via a wireless technology, data indicative of friction for a surface of a road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle; and determine, based at least in part on the sensor data and the data received from the external data source, a driving strategy for the vehicle, wherein the driving strategy includes an adjustment of a choice of a lane among multiple lanes for the vehicle. 41. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, wherein the driving strategy further comprises:
an adjustment of a position of the vehicle relative to a driving lane; an adjustment of an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle with another vehicle; or an adjustment of a position across lanes for the vehicle. 42. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, wherein the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the vehicle is based on friction of the road section experienced by multiple other vehicles, reported to the external data source. 43. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
receive the data indicative of the friction for the surface of the road section ahead of the current location of the vehicle from a cloud server. 44. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 40, the instructions further cause the computer system to:
communicate the sensor data to the external data source. | 3,600 |
341,771 | 16,802,130 | 3,663 | Provided are an adhesive for an endoscope, a cured product, an endoscope, and a method for producing an endoscope. The adhesive for an endoscope is a two-component adhesive for an endoscope. The two-component adhesive has a base and a curing agent. The base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins. The curing agent includes a tertiary amine compound (B). The tertiary amine compound (B) accounts for 60 mass % or more of a curing component included in the curing agent. | 1. A two-component adhesive for an endoscope, comprising a base and a curing agent,
wherein the base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins, and the curing agent includes a tertiary amine compound (B), the tertiary amine compound (B) accounting for 60 mass % or more of a curing component included in the curing agent. 2. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the tertiary amine compound (B) includes a compound represented by general formula (I): 3. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used in the form of a mixture of the base and the curing agent with the tertiary amine compound (B) being present in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin (A). 4. A cured product formed by curing the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. 5. An endoscope comprising the cured product according to claim 4, wherein the cured product fixes at least one of a resin member, a metal member, or a glass member. 6. A method for producing an endoscope, comprising fixing at least one of a resin member, a metal member, or a glass member by using the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. | Provided are an adhesive for an endoscope, a cured product, an endoscope, and a method for producing an endoscope. The adhesive for an endoscope is a two-component adhesive for an endoscope. The two-component adhesive has a base and a curing agent. The base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins. The curing agent includes a tertiary amine compound (B). The tertiary amine compound (B) accounts for 60 mass % or more of a curing component included in the curing agent.1. A two-component adhesive for an endoscope, comprising a base and a curing agent,
wherein the base includes at least one epoxy resin (A) selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, and phenol novolac epoxy resins, and the curing agent includes a tertiary amine compound (B), the tertiary amine compound (B) accounting for 60 mass % or more of a curing component included in the curing agent. 2. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the tertiary amine compound (B) includes a compound represented by general formula (I): 3. The adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is used in the form of a mixture of the base and the curing agent with the tertiary amine compound (B) being present in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin (A). 4. A cured product formed by curing the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. 5. An endoscope comprising the cured product according to claim 4, wherein the cured product fixes at least one of a resin member, a metal member, or a glass member. 6. A method for producing an endoscope, comprising fixing at least one of a resin member, a metal member, or a glass member by using the adhesive for an endoscope according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
341,772 | 16,802,120 | 3,663 | One example method includes powering off a replica VM, taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM, taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM, generating a list of blocks that includes all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further includes all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process, and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks. | 1. A method, comprising:
powering off a replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM; generating a list of blocks that comprises all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further comprises all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process; and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising performing the following operations prior to powering off the replica VM:
performing an initial cloning process in which data from the source VM OS disk is cloned to the replica VM OS disk; and taking a snapshot of the source VM OS disk, and taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk after the override has been performed. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the operations are begun only after one or more criteria are met, and the criteria comprise: a periodic update basis; a cumulative update basis; an OS disk reboot requirement; and a critical update basis. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein one or more blocks in the list of blocks are blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have been changed as a result of a process performed by the replica VM OS. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising deleting, after the override is successfully completed, the snapshots of the OS disk of the replica VM and the OS disk of the source VM. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising, after the override is successfully completed, connecting the replica VM OS disk to the replica VM, and powering up the replica VM. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein all changes written to the replica VM OS disk in the override process are written from the source VM OS disk. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein only values of source VM OS disk blocks that differ from respective values of corresponding replica VM OS disk blocks are written to the replica VM OS disk. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein generating the list of blocks comprises:
comparing the snapshot of the source VM OS disk with a snapshot of the source VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process; and comparing the snapshot of the replica VM OS disk with a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
powering off a replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM; generating a list of blocks that comprises all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further comprises all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process; and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise performing the following operations prior to powering off the replica VM:
performing an initial cloning process in which data from the source VM OS disk is cloned to the replica VM OS disk; and taking a snapshot of the source VM OS disk, and taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk after the override has been performed. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations are begun only after one or more criteria are met, and the criteria comprise:
a periodic update basis; a cumulative update basis; an OS disk reboot requirement; and a critical update basis. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein one or more blocks in the list of blocks are blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have been changed as a result of a process performed by the replica VM OS. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise deleting, after the override is successfully completed, the snapshots of the OS disk of the replica VM and the OS disk of the source VM. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, after the override is successfully completed, connecting the replica VM OS disk to the replica VM, and powering up the replica VM. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein all changes written to the replica VM OS disk in the override process are written from the source VM OS disk. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein only values of source VM OS disk blocks that differ from respective values of corresponding replica VM OS disk blocks are written to the replica VM OS disk. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein generating the list of blocks comprises:
comparing the snapshot of the source VM OS disk with a snapshot of the source VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process; and comparing the snapshot of the replica VM OS disk with a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process. | One example method includes powering off a replica VM, taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM, taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM, generating a list of blocks that includes all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further includes all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process, and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks.1. A method, comprising:
powering off a replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM; generating a list of blocks that comprises all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further comprises all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process; and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising performing the following operations prior to powering off the replica VM:
performing an initial cloning process in which data from the source VM OS disk is cloned to the replica VM OS disk; and taking a snapshot of the source VM OS disk, and taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk after the override has been performed. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the operations are begun only after one or more criteria are met, and the criteria comprise: a periodic update basis; a cumulative update basis; an OS disk reboot requirement; and a critical update basis. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein one or more blocks in the list of blocks are blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have been changed as a result of a process performed by the replica VM OS. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising deleting, after the override is successfully completed, the snapshots of the OS disk of the replica VM and the OS disk of the source VM. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising, after the override is successfully completed, connecting the replica VM OS disk to the replica VM, and powering up the replica VM. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein all changes written to the replica VM OS disk in the override process are written from the source VM OS disk. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein only values of source VM OS disk blocks that differ from respective values of corresponding replica VM OS disk blocks are written to the replica VM OS disk. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein generating the list of blocks comprises:
comparing the snapshot of the source VM OS disk with a snapshot of the source VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process; and comparing the snapshot of the replica VM OS disk with a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
powering off a replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of a source VM associated with the replica VM; taking a snapshot of an OS disk of the replica VM; generating a list of blocks that comprises all blocks of the source VM OS disk that have changed since a preceding cloning or snapshot process and further comprises all blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have changed since the preceding cloning or snapshot process; and performing an override of the replica VM disk by writing, to the replica VM OS disk, the respective source VM OS disk values for each block in the list of blocks. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise performing the following operations prior to powering off the replica VM:
performing an initial cloning process in which data from the source VM OS disk is cloned to the replica VM OS disk; and taking a snapshot of the source VM OS disk, and taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise taking a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk after the override has been performed. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations are begun only after one or more criteria are met, and the criteria comprise:
a periodic update basis; a cumulative update basis; an OS disk reboot requirement; and a critical update basis. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein one or more blocks in the list of blocks are blocks of the replica VM OS disk that have been changed as a result of a process performed by the replica VM OS. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise deleting, after the override is successfully completed, the snapshots of the OS disk of the replica VM and the OS disk of the source VM. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, after the override is successfully completed, connecting the replica VM OS disk to the replica VM, and powering up the replica VM. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein all changes written to the replica VM OS disk in the override process are written from the source VM OS disk. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein only values of source VM OS disk blocks that differ from respective values of corresponding replica VM OS disk blocks are written to the replica VM OS disk. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein generating the list of blocks comprises:
comparing the snapshot of the source VM OS disk with a snapshot of the source VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process; and comparing the snapshot of the replica VM OS disk with a snapshot of the replica VM OS disk that was generated in a preceding cloning or snapshot process. | 3,600 |
341,773 | 16,802,114 | 3,663 | A hand tool may include a head section defining a first grip portion, a handle section and a second grip portion. The head section includes a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining the first grip portion. The handle section includes a top handle and a bottom handle. The top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece. The first and second unitary pieces are joined at a pivot point. The second grip portion includes a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle. The top and bottom grip portions substantially face each other. The first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material. | 1. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have an arcuate shape, and wherein a radius of the top grip portion is different than a radius of the bottom grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle. 2. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the second grip portion comprises a non-marking grip zone. 3. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein a largest grip size for the first grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the second grip portion, and a largest grip size for the second grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the first grip portion. 4. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw remain in alignment over a range of grip sizes of the first grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion are only in alignment at a single grip size of the second grip portion. 5. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have a plurality of serrated projections facing toward each other, and wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw each have serrated projections facing toward each other. 6. The hand tool of claim 5, wherein the serrated projections have two different sizes at respective different portions of the top jaw and the bottom jaw. 7. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top handle and bottom handle each have a T-shaped cross section at portions thereof that engage the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 8. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 9. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 10. The hand tool of claim 9, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 11. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a second top grip portion is provided in the top cover, the second top grip portion aligning with the bottom grip portion at a different grip size of the second grip portion than a grip size at which the top grip portion aligns with the bottom grip portion. 12. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein the top grip portion extends along a length of the top cover such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for every grip size of the second grip portion. 13. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 14. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. 15. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a first top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top grip portion is smaller than the bottom grip portion such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for multiple grip sizes of the first grip portion. 16. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle: decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 17. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 19. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 20. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. | A hand tool may include a head section defining a first grip portion, a handle section and a second grip portion. The head section includes a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining the first grip portion. The handle section includes a top handle and a bottom handle. The top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece. The first and second unitary pieces are joined at a pivot point. The second grip portion includes a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle. The top and bottom grip portions substantially face each other. The first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material.1. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have an arcuate shape, and wherein a radius of the top grip portion is different than a radius of the bottom grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle. 2. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the second grip portion comprises a non-marking grip zone. 3. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein a largest grip size for the first grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the second grip portion, and a largest grip size for the second grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the first grip portion. 4. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw remain in alignment over a range of grip sizes of the first grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion are only in alignment at a single grip size of the second grip portion. 5. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have a plurality of serrated projections facing toward each other, and wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw each have serrated projections facing toward each other. 6. The hand tool of claim 5, wherein the serrated projections have two different sizes at respective different portions of the top jaw and the bottom jaw. 7. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top handle and bottom handle each have a T-shaped cross section at portions thereof that engage the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 8. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 9. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 10. The hand tool of claim 9, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 11. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a second top grip portion is provided in the top cover, the second top grip portion aligning with the bottom grip portion at a different grip size of the second grip portion than a grip size at which the top grip portion aligns with the bottom grip portion. 12. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein the top grip portion extends along a length of the top cover such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for every grip size of the second grip portion. 13. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 14. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. 15. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a first top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top grip portion is smaller than the bottom grip portion such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for multiple grip sizes of the first grip portion. 16. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle: decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 17. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 19. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 20. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. | 3,600 |
341,774 | 16,802,030 | 3,663 | A hand tool may include a head section defining a first grip portion, a handle section and a second grip portion. The head section includes a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining the first grip portion. The handle section includes a top handle and a bottom handle. The top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece. The first and second unitary pieces are joined at a pivot point. The second grip portion includes a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle. The top and bottom grip portions substantially face each other. The first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material. | 1. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have an arcuate shape, and wherein a radius of the top grip portion is different than a radius of the bottom grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle. 2. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the second grip portion comprises a non-marking grip zone. 3. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein a largest grip size for the first grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the second grip portion, and a largest grip size for the second grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the first grip portion. 4. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw remain in alignment over a range of grip sizes of the first grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion are only in alignment at a single grip size of the second grip portion. 5. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have a plurality of serrated projections facing toward each other, and wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw each have serrated projections facing toward each other. 6. The hand tool of claim 5, wherein the serrated projections have two different sizes at respective different portions of the top jaw and the bottom jaw. 7. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top handle and bottom handle each have a T-shaped cross section at portions thereof that engage the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 8. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 9. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 10. The hand tool of claim 9, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 11. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a second top grip portion is provided in the top cover, the second top grip portion aligning with the bottom grip portion at a different grip size of the second grip portion than a grip size at which the top grip portion aligns with the bottom grip portion. 12. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein the top grip portion extends along a length of the top cover such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for every grip size of the second grip portion. 13. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 14. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. 15. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a first top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top grip portion is smaller than the bottom grip portion such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for multiple grip sizes of the first grip portion. 16. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle: decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 17. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 19. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 20. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. | A hand tool may include a head section defining a first grip portion, a handle section and a second grip portion. The head section includes a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining the first grip portion. The handle section includes a top handle and a bottom handle. The top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece. The first and second unitary pieces are joined at a pivot point. The second grip portion includes a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle. The top and bottom grip portions substantially face each other. The first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material.1. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have an arcuate shape, and wherein a radius of the top grip portion is different than a radius of the bottom grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle. 2. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the second grip portion comprises a non-marking grip zone. 3. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein a largest grip size for the first grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the second grip portion, and a largest grip size for the second grip portion defines a smallest grip size for the first grip portion. 4. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw remain in alignment over a range of grip sizes of the first grip portion, and wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion are only in alignment at a single grip size of the second grip portion. 5. The hand tool of claim 1, wherein the top grip portion and the bottom grip portion each have a plurality of serrated projections facing toward each other, and wherein the top jaw and the bottom jaw each have serrated projections facing toward each other. 6. The hand tool of claim 5, wherein the serrated projections have two different sizes at respective different portions of the top jaw and the bottom jaw. 7. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top handle and bottom handle each have a T-shaped cross section at portions thereof that engage the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 8. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 9. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 10. The hand tool of claim 9, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 11. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein a second top grip portion is provided in the top cover, the second top grip portion aligning with the bottom grip portion at a different grip size of the second grip portion than a grip size at which the top grip portion aligns with the bottom grip portion. 12. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein the top grip portion extends along a length of the top cover such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for every grip size of the second grip portion. 13. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 14. The hand tool of claim 7, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. 15. A hand tool comprising:
a head section including a top jaw and a bottom jaw defining a first grip portion; a handle section including a top handle and a bottom handle, the top jaw and the bottom handle forming a first unitary piece, and the bottom jaw and the top handle forming a second unitary piece, the first and second unitary pieces being joined at a pivot point; and a second grip portion including a first top grip portion provided at the top handle and a bottom grip portion provided at the bottom handle, the top and bottom grip portions substantially facing each other, wherein the first grip portion is made of a metallic material and the second grip portion is made of a non-metallic material, wherein the hand tool further comprises a size adjustment assembly disposed between the top jaw and the bottom handle, and between the bottom jaw and the top handle, the size adjustment assembly including a tongue and a plurality of grooves to receive the tongue to define respective different grip sizes of the first grip portion, wherein the top grip portion is formed in a top handle cover of the top handle and the bottom grip portion is formed in a bottom handle cover of the bottom handle, and wherein the top grip portion is smaller than the bottom grip portion such that a portion of the top grip portion is aligned with a portion of the bottom grip portion for multiple grip sizes of the first grip portion. 16. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein a width of the top handle and bottom handle is substantially the same over portions thereof that are covered by the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively, and wherein a height of the top handle and bottom handle: decreases as distal ends of the top handle and bottom handle are approached. 17. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are exposed from the top handle cover and bottom handle cover, respectively. 18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein the end portions of each of the top handle and bottom handle are tapered to be substantially flat. 19. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein an angled grip portion is formed in each of the top jaw and the bottom jaw, the angled grip portion including surfaces that are angled relative to each other by about 60 degrees to form a V-shape. 20. The hand tool of claim 15, wherein end portions of each of the top handle and the bottom handle are wider in at least some directions, but not all directions, around a perimeter of the end portions closest to the top and bottom handle covers than the top and bottom handle covers to hold the top and bottom handle covers in place. | 3,600 |
341,775 | 16,802,101 | 3,663 | A system for pickup of assembled grocery orders is described herein. The system includes a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes, a plurality of check-in units with each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, and a computing system. The computer system includes a processor programmed to receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device, identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device, identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification, and operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. | 1. A system comprising:
a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders; a plurality of check-in units, each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device; a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, each color-coded cashier workstation being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane; an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; and a computing system including a processor programmed to:
receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device;
identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device;
identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and
operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the main assembly line includes a scanner configured to scan grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations and transmit information associated with the scanned grocery items to the computing system. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one smart shelf unit includes a computing unit configured to operate the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. The system of claim 6, wherein the storage area includes a refrigerated area. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker. 9. A method of operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the method including the processor of the computing system performing the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the method including the processor receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the method including the processor operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the method including the processor operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media, having a computer-executable program embodied thereon, the program for operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the program causes the processor of the computing system to perform the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. | A system for pickup of assembled grocery orders is described herein. The system includes a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes, a plurality of check-in units with each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, and a computing system. The computer system includes a processor programmed to receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device, identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device, identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification, and operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane.1. A system comprising:
a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders; a plurality of check-in units, each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device; a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, each color-coded cashier workstation being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane; an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; and a computing system including a processor programmed to:
receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device;
identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device;
identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and
operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the main assembly line includes a scanner configured to scan grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations and transmit information associated with the scanned grocery items to the computing system. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one smart shelf unit includes a computing unit configured to operate the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. The system of claim 6, wherein the storage area includes a refrigerated area. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker. 9. A method of operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the method including the processor of the computing system performing the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the method including the processor receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the method including the processor operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the method including the processor operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media, having a computer-executable program embodied thereon, the program for operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the program causes the processor of the computing system to perform the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. | 3,600 |
341,776 | 16,802,082 | 3,663 | A system for pickup of assembled grocery orders is described herein. The system includes a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes, a plurality of check-in units with each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, and a computing system. The computer system includes a processor programmed to receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device, identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device, identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification, and operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. | 1. A system comprising:
a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders; a plurality of check-in units, each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device; a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, each color-coded cashier workstation being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane; an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; and a computing system including a processor programmed to:
receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device;
identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device;
identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and
operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the main assembly line includes a scanner configured to scan grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations and transmit information associated with the scanned grocery items to the computing system. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one smart shelf unit includes a computing unit configured to operate the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. The system of claim 6, wherein the storage area includes a refrigerated area. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker. 9. A method of operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the method including the processor of the computing system performing the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the method including the processor receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the method including the processor operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the method including the processor operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media, having a computer-executable program embodied thereon, the program for operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the program causes the processor of the computing system to perform the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. | A system for pickup of assembled grocery orders is described herein. The system includes a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes, a plurality of check-in units with each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, and a computing system. The computer system includes a processor programmed to receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device, identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device, identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification, and operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane.1. A system comprising:
a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders; a plurality of check-in units, each check-in unit being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane and including a computer check-in device; a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, each color-coded cashier workstation being associated with a corresponding color-coded drive through lane; an assembly line system configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; and a computing system including a processor programmed to:
receive a check-in notification from a computer check-in device;
identify a color-coded drive through lane associated with the computer check-in device;
identify a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and
operate the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the main assembly line includes a scanner configured to scan grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations and transmit information associated with the scanned grocery items to the computing system. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one smart shelf unit includes a computing unit configured to operate the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. The system of claim 6, wherein the storage area includes a refrigerated area. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker. 9. A method of operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the method including the processor of the computing system performing the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the method including the processor receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the method including the processor operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the method including the processor operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage media, having a computer-executable program embodied thereon, the program for operating a system for use in delivering grocery items to a consumer, the system including a plurality of color-coded drive-through lanes for pickup of assembled grocery orders, a plurality of check-in units associated with the color-coded drive through lanes, a plurality of color-coded cashier workstations, an assembly line system, and a computing system including a processor coupled to a memory device, the program causes the processor of the computing system to perform the steps of an algorithm including:
receiving a check-in notification from a consumer via a corresponding check-in unit; identifying a color-coded drive through lane associated with the corresponding check-in unit; identifying a grocery order associated with the check-in notification; and operating the assembly line system to deliver grocery items included in the identified grocery order to a corresponding color-coded cashier workstation associated with the identified color-coded drive through lane. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the assembly line system includes:
a main assembly line configured to deliver grocery items to each of the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations; a plurality of assembly lines configured to deliver grocery items to the main assembly line; and a plurality of smart shelf units configured to store grocery items and deliver grocery items to the plurality of assembly lines. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 16, wherein main assembly line includes a scanner, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of receiving information from the scanner indicating scanned grocery items being delivered to the plurality of color-coded cashier workstations. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein at least one smart shelf unit includes a plurality of smart shelves configured to be height adjustable, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the plurality of smart shelves to deliver grocery items to a corresponding assembly line. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the corresponding color-coded cashier workstation includes:
a workstation scanning device configured for identifying grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; an assembling area for assembling grocery orders from grocery items being delivered by the main assembly line; and a storage area for storing the assembled grocery order. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the at least one color-coded cashier workstation includes a computerized sacker, the program causes the processor to perform the steps of operating the computerized sacker to assemble the identified grocery order. | 3,600 |
341,777 | 16,802,150 | 3,663 | A paper product has a plurality of individual paper sheets with a moist center section impregnated with a liquid and dry outer sections that bound the moist center section. The paper product includes a core element and the plurality of individual paper sheets that are wound around the core element. Each paper sheet has a top surface, a bottom surface, the moist center section impregnated with the liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of the moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of the moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at the first edge of the moist center section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at the second edge of the moist center section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally between the first and second moisture impermeable barriers for dividing the moist center section into a first region and a second region. | 1. A paper product comprising:
a core element; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said core element to form a paper roll; at least one of said individual paper sheets having a top surface, a bottom surface, a moist center section impregnated with a liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of said moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of said moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said first dry outer section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said second dry outer section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist center section into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said individual paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said individual paper sheet. 2. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one of said individual papers sheets comprises each of said individual paper sheets of said paper roll, and wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said core element and along an entire length of said paper roll. 3. The paper product as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers that extend from said top surface to said bottom surface of each said individual paper sheet define a width of said moist center section that is less than a width of said individual paper sheet. 4. The paper product as claimed in claim 3, wherein said water impermeable membranes extend through each of said paper sheets from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said paper sheets. 5. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said core element comprises a cardboard roll. 6. The paper product as claimed in claim 5, wherein said cardboard roll has a center section that is aligned with said moist center sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and first and second outer sections that are aligned with said first and second dry outer sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said center section of said cardboard roll is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier. 7. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers on said paper sheets comprise materials selected from the group consisting of wax and nano particles and said water impermeable membrane extending through said paper sheet comprises materials selected from the group consisting of natural biodegradable materials, synthetic biodegradable materials, soy, and albumin protein films. 8. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid contained within said moist center section of each said paper sheet is selected from the group consisting of liquid solutions, moisturizers, cleaning solutions, antiseptics, medicated solutions, alcohol, liquid soap, baby wipes solutions and cleaning wipes solution. 9. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of paper sheets wound around said core element form a plurality of layers, wherein said moist center sections of said paper sheets are aligned with one another on said core element. 10. A paper product comprising:
a core element; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said core element to form a paper roll; each said individual paper sheet having a top surface, a bottom surface, a first edge, a second edge, a moist section impregnated with a liquid, a dry section bounding said first edge of said moist section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist section that divides said moist section from said dry section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist section of said paper sheet into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said paper sheet, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously along an entire length of said paper roll wound around said core element. 11. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said core element to define a width of said moist sections that is less than widths of said respective individual paper sheets. 12. The paper product as claimed in claim 11, wherein said water impermeable membranes extend through each of said paper sheets from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said paper sheets. 13. The paper product as claimed in claim 12, wherein said core element comprises a cardboard roll having a first section that is aligned with said moist sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and a second section that is aligned with said dry sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said first section of said cardboard roll is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier. 14. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of wax and nano particles and said water impermeable membrane comprises materials selected from the group consisting of natural biodegradable materials, synthetic biodegradable materials, soy, and albumin protein films. 15. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said liquid contained within said moist section of each said paper sheet is selected from the group consisting of liquid solutions, moisturizers, cleaning solutions, antiseptics, medicated solutions, alcohol, liquid soap, baby wipes solutions and cleaning wipes solution. 16. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said plurality of paper sheets wound around said core element form a plurality of layers, wherein said moist sections of said individual paper sheets are aligned with one another on said core element. 17. A paper product comprising:
a cardboard roll having a center section and two outer sections, wherein said center section is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll to provide a paper roll; each said individual paper sheet having a top surface, a bottom surface, a moist center section impregnated with a liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of said moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of said moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said first dry outer section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said second dry outer section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist center section into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said individual paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said individual paper sheet, wherein said center section of said cardboard roll is aligned with said moist center sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and said first and second outer sections of said cardboard roll are aligned with said first and second dry outer sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said moisture impermeable material coating said center section of said cardboard roll prevents the moisture in said moist center sections of said individual papers sheets from seeping into said cardboard roll. 18. The paper product as claimed in claim 17, wherein said water impermeable membrane of said outer-most paper sheet wound around said cardboard roll prevents the liquid contained in said moist center sections from evaporating into the ambient air surrounding said paper product. 19. The paper product as claimed in claim 18, wherein said moisture impermeable barrier on said cardboard roll prevents said liquid contained in said moist center sections from evaporating into the ambient air through said cardboard roll. 20. The paper product as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll and along an entire length of said paper roll. | A paper product has a plurality of individual paper sheets with a moist center section impregnated with a liquid and dry outer sections that bound the moist center section. The paper product includes a core element and the plurality of individual paper sheets that are wound around the core element. Each paper sheet has a top surface, a bottom surface, the moist center section impregnated with the liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of the moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of the moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at the first edge of the moist center section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at the second edge of the moist center section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally between the first and second moisture impermeable barriers for dividing the moist center section into a first region and a second region.1. A paper product comprising:
a core element; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said core element to form a paper roll; at least one of said individual paper sheets having a top surface, a bottom surface, a moist center section impregnated with a liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of said moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of said moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said first dry outer section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said second dry outer section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist center section into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said individual paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said individual paper sheet. 2. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one of said individual papers sheets comprises each of said individual paper sheets of said paper roll, and wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said core element and along an entire length of said paper roll. 3. The paper product as claimed in claim 2, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers that extend from said top surface to said bottom surface of each said individual paper sheet define a width of said moist center section that is less than a width of said individual paper sheet. 4. The paper product as claimed in claim 3, wherein said water impermeable membranes extend through each of said paper sheets from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said paper sheets. 5. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said core element comprises a cardboard roll. 6. The paper product as claimed in claim 5, wherein said cardboard roll has a center section that is aligned with said moist center sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and first and second outer sections that are aligned with said first and second dry outer sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said center section of said cardboard roll is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier. 7. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers on said paper sheets comprise materials selected from the group consisting of wax and nano particles and said water impermeable membrane extending through said paper sheet comprises materials selected from the group consisting of natural biodegradable materials, synthetic biodegradable materials, soy, and albumin protein films. 8. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid contained within said moist center section of each said paper sheet is selected from the group consisting of liquid solutions, moisturizers, cleaning solutions, antiseptics, medicated solutions, alcohol, liquid soap, baby wipes solutions and cleaning wipes solution. 9. The paper product as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of paper sheets wound around said core element form a plurality of layers, wherein said moist center sections of said paper sheets are aligned with one another on said core element. 10. A paper product comprising:
a core element; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said core element to form a paper roll; each said individual paper sheet having a top surface, a bottom surface, a first edge, a second edge, a moist section impregnated with a liquid, a dry section bounding said first edge of said moist section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist section that divides said moist section from said dry section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist section of said paper sheet into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said paper sheet, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously along an entire length of said paper roll wound around said core element. 11. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said core element to define a width of said moist sections that is less than widths of said respective individual paper sheets. 12. The paper product as claimed in claim 11, wherein said water impermeable membranes extend through each of said paper sheets from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said paper sheets. 13. The paper product as claimed in claim 12, wherein said core element comprises a cardboard roll having a first section that is aligned with said moist sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and a second section that is aligned with said dry sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said first section of said cardboard roll is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier. 14. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of wax and nano particles and said water impermeable membrane comprises materials selected from the group consisting of natural biodegradable materials, synthetic biodegradable materials, soy, and albumin protein films. 15. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said liquid contained within said moist section of each said paper sheet is selected from the group consisting of liquid solutions, moisturizers, cleaning solutions, antiseptics, medicated solutions, alcohol, liquid soap, baby wipes solutions and cleaning wipes solution. 16. The paper product as claimed in claim 10, wherein said plurality of paper sheets wound around said core element form a plurality of layers, wherein said moist sections of said individual paper sheets are aligned with one another on said core element. 17. A paper product comprising:
a cardboard roll having a center section and two outer sections, wherein said center section is covered by a moisture impermeable barrier; a plurality of individual paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll to provide a paper roll; each said individual paper sheet having a top surface, a bottom surface, a moist center section impregnated with a liquid, a first dry outer section bounding a first edge of said moist center section, a second dry outer section bounding a second edge of said moist center section, a first moisture impermeable barrier at said first edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said first dry outer section, a second moisture impermeable barrier at said second edge of said moist center section that divides said moist center section from said second dry outer section, and a water impermeable membrane extending laterally from said first moisture impermeable barrier to said second moisture impermeable barrier and between said top and bottom surfaces of said individual paper sheet for dividing said moist center section into a first region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said top surface of said individual paper sheet and a second region that extends from said water impermeable membrane to said bottom surface of said individual paper sheet, wherein said center section of said cardboard roll is aligned with said moist center sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and said first and second outer sections of said cardboard roll are aligned with said first and second dry outer sections of said paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll, and wherein said moisture impermeable material coating said center section of said cardboard roll prevents the moisture in said moist center sections of said individual papers sheets from seeping into said cardboard roll. 18. The paper product as claimed in claim 17, wherein said water impermeable membrane of said outer-most paper sheet wound around said cardboard roll prevents the liquid contained in said moist center sections from evaporating into the ambient air surrounding said paper product. 19. The paper product as claimed in claim 18, wherein said moisture impermeable barrier on said cardboard roll prevents said liquid contained in said moist center sections from evaporating into the ambient air through said cardboard roll. 20. The paper product as claimed in claim 17, wherein said first and second moisture impermeable barriers extend continuously over each of said individual paper sheets wound around said cardboard roll and along an entire length of said paper roll. | 3,600 |
341,778 | 16,802,128 | 3,663 | A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes sequence control circuitry and processing circuitry. The sequence control circuitry executes a first pulse sequence and a second pulse sequence, the first pulse sequence including a first spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse of a first amount, the second pulse sequence including a second spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse of a second amount being different from the first amount or the second pulse sequence not including a spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse. The processing circuitry performs a subtraction operation between a first data obtained from the first pulse sequence and a second data obtained from the second pulse sequence, thereby generating an image. | 1. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
sequence control circuitry configured to apply a first MPG (Motion Probe Gradient) pulse and a second MPG pulse at a timing in which a first time is shorter than a second time, the first time being a time since a center time until a time of start of data acquisition of a central k-space, the center time being a center time of a time of application of the first MPG pulse and a time of application of the second MPG pulse, the second time being a time within which at least one of production or absorption of water at CSF and protons moving from arteries to veins at capillary bed are observable. 2. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute a first pulse sequence characterized by a first b value and a second pulse sequence characterized by a second b value being different from the first b value, and further comprising processing circuitry configured to perform a subtraction operation between a first data obtained from the first pulse sequence and a second data obtained from the second pulse sequence, thereby generating an image. 3. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute the first pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging including a preparation pulse characterized by the first b value and configured to execute the second pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging including a preparation pulse characterized by the second b value. 4. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute the first pulse sequence and the second pulse sequence including a bipolar pulse. 5. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to incorporate two MPG pulses into a pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging, thereby executing the first pulse sequence and the second pulse sequence. 6. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to perform a radial scan, thereby acquiring a k-space data. 7. A magnetic resonance imaging method executed in a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, comprising:
applying a first MPG (Motion Probe Gradient) pulse and a second MPG pulse at a timing in which a first time is shorter than a second time, the first time being a time since a center time until a time of start of data acquisition of a central k-space, the center time being a center time of a time of application of the first MPG pulse and a time of application of the second MPG pulse, the second time being a time within which at least one of production or absorption of water at CSF and protons moving from arteries to veins at capillary bed are observable. | A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes sequence control circuitry and processing circuitry. The sequence control circuitry executes a first pulse sequence and a second pulse sequence, the first pulse sequence including a first spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse of a first amount, the second pulse sequence including a second spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse of a second amount being different from the first amount or the second pulse sequence not including a spoiler pulse serving as a dephasing gradient pulse. The processing circuitry performs a subtraction operation between a first data obtained from the first pulse sequence and a second data obtained from the second pulse sequence, thereby generating an image.1. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprising:
sequence control circuitry configured to apply a first MPG (Motion Probe Gradient) pulse and a second MPG pulse at a timing in which a first time is shorter than a second time, the first time being a time since a center time until a time of start of data acquisition of a central k-space, the center time being a center time of a time of application of the first MPG pulse and a time of application of the second MPG pulse, the second time being a time within which at least one of production or absorption of water at CSF and protons moving from arteries to veins at capillary bed are observable. 2. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute a first pulse sequence characterized by a first b value and a second pulse sequence characterized by a second b value being different from the first b value, and further comprising processing circuitry configured to perform a subtraction operation between a first data obtained from the first pulse sequence and a second data obtained from the second pulse sequence, thereby generating an image. 3. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute the first pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging including a preparation pulse characterized by the first b value and configured to execute the second pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging including a preparation pulse characterized by the second b value. 4. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to execute the first pulse sequence and the second pulse sequence including a bipolar pulse. 5. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to incorporate two MPG pulses into a pulse sequence performing diffusion weighted imaging, thereby executing the first pulse sequence and the second pulse sequence. 6. The magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sequence control circuitry is configured to perform a radial scan, thereby acquiring a k-space data. 7. A magnetic resonance imaging method executed in a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, comprising:
applying a first MPG (Motion Probe Gradient) pulse and a second MPG pulse at a timing in which a first time is shorter than a second time, the first time being a time since a center time until a time of start of data acquisition of a central k-space, the center time being a center time of a time of application of the first MPG pulse and a time of application of the second MPG pulse, the second time being a time within which at least one of production or absorption of water at CSF and protons moving from arteries to veins at capillary bed are observable. | 3,600 |
341,779 | 16,802,133 | 3,663 | The disclosure relates to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) variants and host cells expressing them for the production of malonyl-CoA derived compounds including fatty acid derivatives. Further contemplated are methods of producing increased amounts of malonyl-CoA derived compounds and related cell cultures. | 1.-87. (canceled) 88. A variant operon comprising a genetically modified accBC promoter that controls expression of a biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), wherein the promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, wherein the operon results in an increase in BCCP expression in a recombinant microbial cell as compared to a wild type microbial cell, and wherein the operon confers to the recombinant microbial cell improved production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to the corresponding wild type microbial cell. 89. The variant operon of claim 88, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 90. The variant operon of claim 89, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 91. A recombinant microorganism comprising the variant operon of claim 88. 92. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism comprises the variant operon of claim 88. 93. A method for producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, the method comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) a variant biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) comprising at least one mutation in its amino acid sequence, wherein the variant BCCP comprises a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 70, and wherein expression of the variant BCCP confers to a recombinant cell an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to a corresponding wild type cell; and (b) the variant operon of claim 88, in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 96. A recombinant microorganism having increased expression of a nucleic acid sequence comprising accB or accC or a combination thereof, wherein the increased expression is due to one or more genetically modified accBC promoters that drive expression of the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the genetically modified promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, and wherein the increased expression results in an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when the microorganism is cultured with a carbon source. 97. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) or biotin carboxylase (BC) or a combination thereof. 98. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 99. The recombinant microorganism of claim 98, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 100. The recombinant microorganism of claim 97, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Bacillus, Cyanophyta, Lactobacillus, Zymomonas, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Fusarium, Humicola, Rhizomucor, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Mucor, Myceliophtora, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Pleurotus, Trametes, Chrysosporium, Saccharomyces, Stenotrophamonas, Schizosaccharomyces, Yarrowia, and Streptomyces. 101. The microorganism of claim 100, wherein (a) the Escherichia is Escherichia coli; (b) the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Prochiorococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Cyanothece, and Nostoc punctiforme. 102. The microorganism of claim 101, wherein the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, and Synechococcus sp. PCC7001. 103. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism of claim 96. | The disclosure relates to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) variants and host cells expressing them for the production of malonyl-CoA derived compounds including fatty acid derivatives. Further contemplated are methods of producing increased amounts of malonyl-CoA derived compounds and related cell cultures.1.-87. (canceled) 88. A variant operon comprising a genetically modified accBC promoter that controls expression of a biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), wherein the promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, wherein the operon results in an increase in BCCP expression in a recombinant microbial cell as compared to a wild type microbial cell, and wherein the operon confers to the recombinant microbial cell improved production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to the corresponding wild type microbial cell. 89. The variant operon of claim 88, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 90. The variant operon of claim 89, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 91. A recombinant microorganism comprising the variant operon of claim 88. 92. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism comprises the variant operon of claim 88. 93. A method for producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, the method comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) a variant biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) comprising at least one mutation in its amino acid sequence, wherein the variant BCCP comprises a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 70, and wherein expression of the variant BCCP confers to a recombinant cell an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to a corresponding wild type cell; and (b) the variant operon of claim 88, in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 96. A recombinant microorganism having increased expression of a nucleic acid sequence comprising accB or accC or a combination thereof, wherein the increased expression is due to one or more genetically modified accBC promoters that drive expression of the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the genetically modified promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, and wherein the increased expression results in an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when the microorganism is cultured with a carbon source. 97. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) or biotin carboxylase (BC) or a combination thereof. 98. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 99. The recombinant microorganism of claim 98, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 100. The recombinant microorganism of claim 97, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Bacillus, Cyanophyta, Lactobacillus, Zymomonas, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Fusarium, Humicola, Rhizomucor, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Mucor, Myceliophtora, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Pleurotus, Trametes, Chrysosporium, Saccharomyces, Stenotrophamonas, Schizosaccharomyces, Yarrowia, and Streptomyces. 101. The microorganism of claim 100, wherein (a) the Escherichia is Escherichia coli; (b) the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Prochiorococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Cyanothece, and Nostoc punctiforme. 102. The microorganism of claim 101, wherein the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, and Synechococcus sp. PCC7001. 103. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism of claim 96. | 3,600 |
341,780 | 16,802,143 | 3,663 | The disclosure relates to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) variants and host cells expressing them for the production of malonyl-CoA derived compounds including fatty acid derivatives. Further contemplated are methods of producing increased amounts of malonyl-CoA derived compounds and related cell cultures. | 1.-87. (canceled) 88. A variant operon comprising a genetically modified accBC promoter that controls expression of a biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), wherein the promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, wherein the operon results in an increase in BCCP expression in a recombinant microbial cell as compared to a wild type microbial cell, and wherein the operon confers to the recombinant microbial cell improved production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to the corresponding wild type microbial cell. 89. The variant operon of claim 88, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 90. The variant operon of claim 89, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 91. A recombinant microorganism comprising the variant operon of claim 88. 92. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism comprises the variant operon of claim 88. 93. A method for producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, the method comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) a variant biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) comprising at least one mutation in its amino acid sequence, wherein the variant BCCP comprises a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 70, and wherein expression of the variant BCCP confers to a recombinant cell an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to a corresponding wild type cell; and (b) the variant operon of claim 88, in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 96. A recombinant microorganism having increased expression of a nucleic acid sequence comprising accB or accC or a combination thereof, wherein the increased expression is due to one or more genetically modified accBC promoters that drive expression of the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the genetically modified promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, and wherein the increased expression results in an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when the microorganism is cultured with a carbon source. 97. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) or biotin carboxylase (BC) or a combination thereof. 98. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 99. The recombinant microorganism of claim 98, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 100. The recombinant microorganism of claim 97, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Bacillus, Cyanophyta, Lactobacillus, Zymomonas, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Fusarium, Humicola, Rhizomucor, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Mucor, Myceliophtora, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Pleurotus, Trametes, Chrysosporium, Saccharomyces, Stenotrophamonas, Schizosaccharomyces, Yarrowia, and Streptomyces. 101. The microorganism of claim 100, wherein (a) the Escherichia is Escherichia coli; (b) the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Prochiorococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Cyanothece, and Nostoc punctiforme. 102. The microorganism of claim 101, wherein the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, and Synechococcus sp. PCC7001. 103. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism of claim 96. | The disclosure relates to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) variants and host cells expressing them for the production of malonyl-CoA derived compounds including fatty acid derivatives. Further contemplated are methods of producing increased amounts of malonyl-CoA derived compounds and related cell cultures.1.-87. (canceled) 88. A variant operon comprising a genetically modified accBC promoter that controls expression of a biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), wherein the promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, wherein the operon results in an increase in BCCP expression in a recombinant microbial cell as compared to a wild type microbial cell, and wherein the operon confers to the recombinant microbial cell improved production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to the corresponding wild type microbial cell. 89. The variant operon of claim 88, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 90. The variant operon of claim 89, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 91. A recombinant microorganism comprising the variant operon of claim 88. 92. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the recombinant microorganism comprises the variant operon of claim 88. 93. A method for producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, the method comprising culturing a recombinant microorganism comprising: (a) a variant biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) comprising at least one mutation in its amino acid sequence, wherein the variant BCCP comprises a polypeptide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 70, and wherein expression of the variant BCCP confers to a recombinant cell an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when compared to a corresponding wild type cell; and (b) the variant operon of claim 88, in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source. 94. The method of claim 92, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is a fatty acid derivative selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 96. A recombinant microorganism having increased expression of a nucleic acid sequence comprising accB or accC or a combination thereof, wherein the increased expression is due to one or more genetically modified accBC promoters that drive expression of the nucleic acid sequence, wherein the genetically modified promoter is selected from any one of SEQ ID NOS: 93, 94, 95, and 96, and wherein the increased expression results in an increased production of a malonyl-CoA-derived compound when the microorganism is cultured with a carbon source. 97. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) or biotin carboxylase (BC) or a combination thereof. 98. The recombinant microorganism of claim 96, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), a fatty alcohol, a fatty amine, a beta hydroxy fatty acid derivative, a bifunctional fatty acid derivative, and an unsaturated fatty acid derivative. 99. The recombinant microorganism of claim 98, wherein the malonyl-CoA-derived compound is FAME. 100. The recombinant microorganism of claim 97, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia, Bacillus, Cyanophyta, Lactobacillus, Zymomonas, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Fusarium, Humicola, Rhizomucor, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Mucor, Myceliophtora, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Pleurotus, Trametes, Chrysosporium, Saccharomyces, Stenotrophamonas, Schizosaccharomyces, Yarrowia, and Streptomyces. 101. The microorganism of claim 100, wherein (a) the Escherichia is Escherichia coli; (b) the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Prochiorococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Cyanothece, and Nostoc punctiforme. 102. The microorganism of claim 101, wherein the Cyanophyta is selected from the group consisting of Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, and Synechococcus sp. PCC7001. 103. A method of producing a malonyl-CoA-derived compound, comprising culturing a microorganism in a fermentation broth containing a carbon source, wherein the microorganism is a microorganism of claim 96. | 3,600 |
341,781 | 16,802,125 | 3,663 | A heater device includes a heat generation layer that has a heat generation portion configured to generate heat when energized, a pair of electrodes disposed on one side of the heat generation layer and being spaced from each other, a detection portion configured to generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and detect an object around the pair of electrodes, and a controller configured to control the amount of electric power supplied to the heat generation portion based on a detection result by the detection portion. | 1. A heater device comprising:
a heat generation layer that has a plurality of heat generation portions configured to generate heat when energized; a pair of electrodes disposed on a first side of the heat generation layer, the pair of electrodes being spaced from each other; a detection portion configured to
generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and detect an object around the pair of electrodes;
a controller configured to control an amount of electric power supplied to the plurality of heat generation portions based on a detection result by the detection portion; a heat generation portion side low thermal conductivity portion provided between the plurality of heat generation portions, thermal conductivity of the heat generation portion side low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the plurality of heat generation portions, thereby the heat generation layer having a structure configured to limit heat transfer in a plane direction of the heat generation layer; an electrode side low thermal conductivity portion provided between the pair of electrodes, thermal conductivity of the electrode side low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the pair of electrodes, thereby heat transfer in a plane direction of the pair of electrodes being limited; and an insulation board located between the plurality of heat generation portions and the pair of electrodes, wherein the plurality of heat generation portions are located on one side of the pair of electrodes, and the insulation board is located between the pair of electrodes and the plurality of heat generation portions, thereby an electric field on another side of the pair of electrodes opposite from the one side stabilize, and effects of electromagnetic noise from an area on a second side of the heat generation layer are limited, and the heat generation layer is arranged to radiate heat toward an object located in an area on the first side of the heat generation layer. 2. The heater device according to claim 1, wherein
the pair of electrodes is a pair of a transmitter electrode and a receiver electrode adjacent to each other. 3. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
a proportion of an area occupied by at least one of the transmitter electrode or the receiver electrode in a predetermined unit area in a region in which the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode are disposed is smaller than 1. 4. The heater device according to claim 3, wherein
the predetermined unit area is equal to or smaller than 1 square centimeter. 5. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the detection portion is configured to
generate an electric field between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode and
detect an object around the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode using a mutual capacitance sensing by detecting capacitance between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode. 6. The heater device according to claim 5, wherein
the detection portion is configured to
apply pulsed voltage to the transmitter electrode to generate an electric field between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode and
subsequently detect capacitance between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode. 7. The heater device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a grounded electrode surrounding the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode, the grounded electrode being connected with a ground terminal. 8. The heater device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of the transmitter electrodes and a plurality of the receiver electrodes, wherein each of the plurality of transmitter electrodes and the plurality of receiver electrodes has a rectangular shape, a first side of at least one transmitter electrode of the plurality of transmitter electrodes faces one side of one receiver electrode of the plurality of receiver electrodes, and a second side of the at least one transmitter electrode adjacent to the first side faces one side of another one receiver electrode of the plurality of receiver electrodes next to the one receiver electrode facing the first side of the at least one transmitter electrode. 9. The heater device according to claim 8, wherein
the plurality of transmitter electrodes are connected with each other and arranged such that opposite vertices of the plurality of transmitter electrodes are aligned on one line, and the plurality of receiver electrodes are connected with each other and arranged such that opposite vertices of the plurality of receiver electrodes are aligned on another line. 10. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the transmitter electrode surrounds the receiver electrode, and a surface area of the transmitter electrode is larger than a surface area of the receiver electrode. 11. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode are made of a same material. 12. The heater device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of heat generation portions are connected with a ground terminal. 13. A heater device comprising:
a heat generation layer that has
a plurality of heat generation portions configured to generate heat when energized, and
a first low thermal conductivity portion provided between the plurality of heat generation portions, thermal conductivity of the first low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the plurality of heat generation portions;
an insulation board disposed on one side of the heat generation layer; a pair of electrodes disposed on the insulation board and spaced from each other, thereby the insulation board being located between the heat generation layer and the pair of electrodes; a second low thermal conductivity portion provided between the pair of electrodes, thermal conductivity of the second low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the pair of electrodes, a detection circuit configured to
apply voltage between the pair of electrodes to generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and
detect a value indicative of a change in the electric field caused by an object entering the electric field; and
a controller coupled with at least the detection circuit, wherein the controller is configured to control an amount of electric power supplied to the plurality of heat generation portions based on the value detected by the detection circuit, and the heat generation layer is arranged to radiate heat toward an object located in an area to which the one side of the heat generation layer faces. 14. The heater device according to claim 13, wherein
the detection circuit is a capacitance detection circuit configured to detect a change in capacitance between the pair of electrodes. | A heater device includes a heat generation layer that has a heat generation portion configured to generate heat when energized, a pair of electrodes disposed on one side of the heat generation layer and being spaced from each other, a detection portion configured to generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and detect an object around the pair of electrodes, and a controller configured to control the amount of electric power supplied to the heat generation portion based on a detection result by the detection portion.1. A heater device comprising:
a heat generation layer that has a plurality of heat generation portions configured to generate heat when energized; a pair of electrodes disposed on a first side of the heat generation layer, the pair of electrodes being spaced from each other; a detection portion configured to
generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and detect an object around the pair of electrodes;
a controller configured to control an amount of electric power supplied to the plurality of heat generation portions based on a detection result by the detection portion; a heat generation portion side low thermal conductivity portion provided between the plurality of heat generation portions, thermal conductivity of the heat generation portion side low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the plurality of heat generation portions, thereby the heat generation layer having a structure configured to limit heat transfer in a plane direction of the heat generation layer; an electrode side low thermal conductivity portion provided between the pair of electrodes, thermal conductivity of the electrode side low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the pair of electrodes, thereby heat transfer in a plane direction of the pair of electrodes being limited; and an insulation board located between the plurality of heat generation portions and the pair of electrodes, wherein the plurality of heat generation portions are located on one side of the pair of electrodes, and the insulation board is located between the pair of electrodes and the plurality of heat generation portions, thereby an electric field on another side of the pair of electrodes opposite from the one side stabilize, and effects of electromagnetic noise from an area on a second side of the heat generation layer are limited, and the heat generation layer is arranged to radiate heat toward an object located in an area on the first side of the heat generation layer. 2. The heater device according to claim 1, wherein
the pair of electrodes is a pair of a transmitter electrode and a receiver electrode adjacent to each other. 3. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
a proportion of an area occupied by at least one of the transmitter electrode or the receiver electrode in a predetermined unit area in a region in which the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode are disposed is smaller than 1. 4. The heater device according to claim 3, wherein
the predetermined unit area is equal to or smaller than 1 square centimeter. 5. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the detection portion is configured to
generate an electric field between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode and
detect an object around the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode using a mutual capacitance sensing by detecting capacitance between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode. 6. The heater device according to claim 5, wherein
the detection portion is configured to
apply pulsed voltage to the transmitter electrode to generate an electric field between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode and
subsequently detect capacitance between the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode. 7. The heater device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a grounded electrode surrounding the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode, the grounded electrode being connected with a ground terminal. 8. The heater device according to claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of the transmitter electrodes and a plurality of the receiver electrodes, wherein each of the plurality of transmitter electrodes and the plurality of receiver electrodes has a rectangular shape, a first side of at least one transmitter electrode of the plurality of transmitter electrodes faces one side of one receiver electrode of the plurality of receiver electrodes, and a second side of the at least one transmitter electrode adjacent to the first side faces one side of another one receiver electrode of the plurality of receiver electrodes next to the one receiver electrode facing the first side of the at least one transmitter electrode. 9. The heater device according to claim 8, wherein
the plurality of transmitter electrodes are connected with each other and arranged such that opposite vertices of the plurality of transmitter electrodes are aligned on one line, and the plurality of receiver electrodes are connected with each other and arranged such that opposite vertices of the plurality of receiver electrodes are aligned on another line. 10. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the transmitter electrode surrounds the receiver electrode, and a surface area of the transmitter electrode is larger than a surface area of the receiver electrode. 11. The heater device according to claim 2, wherein
the transmitter electrode and the receiver electrode are made of a same material. 12. The heater device according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of heat generation portions are connected with a ground terminal. 13. A heater device comprising:
a heat generation layer that has
a plurality of heat generation portions configured to generate heat when energized, and
a first low thermal conductivity portion provided between the plurality of heat generation portions, thermal conductivity of the first low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the plurality of heat generation portions;
an insulation board disposed on one side of the heat generation layer; a pair of electrodes disposed on the insulation board and spaced from each other, thereby the insulation board being located between the heat generation layer and the pair of electrodes; a second low thermal conductivity portion provided between the pair of electrodes, thermal conductivity of the second low thermal conductivity portion being lower than thermal conductivity of the pair of electrodes, a detection circuit configured to
apply voltage between the pair of electrodes to generate an electric field between the pair of electrodes and
detect a value indicative of a change in the electric field caused by an object entering the electric field; and
a controller coupled with at least the detection circuit, wherein the controller is configured to control an amount of electric power supplied to the plurality of heat generation portions based on the value detected by the detection circuit, and the heat generation layer is arranged to radiate heat toward an object located in an area to which the one side of the heat generation layer faces. 14. The heater device according to claim 13, wherein
the detection circuit is a capacitance detection circuit configured to detect a change in capacitance between the pair of electrodes. | 3,600 |
341,782 | 16,802,148 | 3,663 | The plant includes at least one single facer, having a supporting structure, adapted to receive a corrugating unit provided with a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other. The plant also includes a magazine having a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide. Associated with the single facer there is provided a shuttle movable between the single facer and the guide of the magazine, adapted to transfer corrugating units from the single facer to the magazine and vice versa. | 1. A plant for producing corrugated board, comprising:
at least one single facer, comprising a supporting structure, adapted to receive a corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide; associated with each of the at least one single facer is a shuttle movable between the single facer and the first guide of the magazine, adapted to transfer the corrugating units from the at least one single facer to the magazine and vice versa. 2. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle is adapted to pick up the corrugating unit positioned in one of said plurality of seats aligned with the single facer, transferring said corrugating unit into the single facer and releasing the corrugating unit in the single facer; and pick up the corrugating unit positioned in the single facer, transferring the corrugating unit into the magazine and releasing the corrugating unit in the magazine. 3. The plant of claim 1, wherein the first guide is substantially orthogonal to the first corrugating roller and the second corrugating roller of the corrugating unit when said corrugating unit is housed in the single racer. 4. The plant of claim 1, wherein the first guide is approximately at a level of a floor on which the single facer is installed. 5. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle comprises lifting members, adapted to lift the corrugating unit from the supporting structure of the single facer and from the magazine and to lower the corrugating units onto the supporting structure of the single facer and onto the magazine, whereby corrugating unit can be lifted by the shuttle from the supporting structure of the single facer, transferred by the shuttle to the magazine and released by the shuttle on the magazine, and vice-versa. 6. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle is movable along a second guide extending between the single facer and the first guide. 7. The plant of claim 4, wherein the second guide is parallel to axes of the first corrugating roller and the second corrugating roller of a corrugating unit when said corrugating unit is in the single facer. 8. The plant of claim 6, wherein the first guide and the second guide intersect each other. 9. The plant of claim 8, wherein the second guide is interrupted at rails forming the first guide. 10. The plant of claim 6, wherein the first guide and the second guide are orthogonal to each other. 11. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuffle comprises three pairs of wheels for resting on and moving along a respective second guide, a first pair of the three pairs of wheels in a vicinity of a first end of the shuttle, a second pair and a third pair of the three pairs of wheels being adjacent to each other and in a vicinity of a second end of the shuttle, the second end of the shuffle facing the first guide. 12. The plant of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of the at least one single facer arranged in sequence along a direction of alignment, said direction of alignment being parallel to the first guide; wherein each single facer of the plurality of the at least one single facer comprises a respective shuttle movable between said each single facer and the first guide, the shuttle adapted to transfer the corrugating units from a respective single facer to the magazine and vice versa; and wherein the magazine is adapted to position itself selectively in alignment with one or another of the plurality of said at least one single facer to allow transfer, by a respective one of the shuttle, of corrugating units from the magazine to a respective single facer and vice versa. 13. The plant of claim 12, wherein with each one of the plurality of the at least one single facer, there is associated a respective second guide, along which the respective shuttle is movable, each of said second guides extending from the respective one of the at least one single facer toward the first guide. 14. The plant of claim 1, wherein the magazine comprises a motor on the magazine, which controls movement of the magazine along the first guide. 15. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle comprises a motor on the shuttle, which controls movement of the shuttle. 16. The plant of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary carriage, freely movable on a floor, comprising supports for corrugating units and lifting and lowering members of the corrugating units. 17. The plant of claim 16, wherein the single facer is associated with an aligning device adapted to align the auxiliary carriage and facilitate insertion of the auxiliary carriage into the single facer. 18. The plant of claim 17, wherein said aligning device comprises a platform approximately flush with the floor and movable transversely to a direction of alignment of the auxiliary carriage with respect to the supporting structure of the single facer; and a fixed guide adapted to generate a thrust on the auxiliary carriage in a direction transverse to a direction of approach and insertion of the auxiliary carriage into the single facer. 19. The plant of claim 18, wherein said platform and said fixed guide are positioned on one side of the single facer opposite the first guide. 20. The plant of claim 18, wherein the platform is suspended by tie rods and is floating approximately parallel to the floor. 21. A method the inserting a corrugating unit into a single facer, the corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; the method comprising steps of:
positioning a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for corrugating units, so that one of said seats is aligned with the single facer; with a shuttle movable from the single facer to the magazine and vice versa:
a) picking up a corrugating unit positioned in said seat aligned with the single facer and transferring said corrugating unit into the single facer; or
b) picking up a corrugating unit positioned in the single facer and transferring said corrugating unit into the magazine. 22. The method of the claim 21, wherein the corrugating unit is picked up from the single facer or from the magazine by lifting members carried by the shuttle and configured to lift the corrugating unit from the seat of the magazine and from a supporting structure of the single facer and to lower the corrugating unit onto the seat of the magazine and onto the supporting structure of the single facer. 23. A plant for producing corrugated board, comprising:
a plurality of single facers, each of said plurality of single facers comprising a supporting structure adapted to receive a corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; wherein the plurality of single facers are aligned according to a direction of alignment; a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide; a guide extending parallel to the direction of alignment and of a length such that the magazine can transfer corrugating units to one or another of each of said single facers. | The plant includes at least one single facer, having a supporting structure, adapted to receive a corrugating unit provided with a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other. The plant also includes a magazine having a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide. Associated with the single facer there is provided a shuttle movable between the single facer and the guide of the magazine, adapted to transfer corrugating units from the single facer to the magazine and vice versa.1. A plant for producing corrugated board, comprising:
at least one single facer, comprising a supporting structure, adapted to receive a corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide; associated with each of the at least one single facer is a shuttle movable between the single facer and the first guide of the magazine, adapted to transfer the corrugating units from the at least one single facer to the magazine and vice versa. 2. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle is adapted to pick up the corrugating unit positioned in one of said plurality of seats aligned with the single facer, transferring said corrugating unit into the single facer and releasing the corrugating unit in the single facer; and pick up the corrugating unit positioned in the single facer, transferring the corrugating unit into the magazine and releasing the corrugating unit in the magazine. 3. The plant of claim 1, wherein the first guide is substantially orthogonal to the first corrugating roller and the second corrugating roller of the corrugating unit when said corrugating unit is housed in the single racer. 4. The plant of claim 1, wherein the first guide is approximately at a level of a floor on which the single facer is installed. 5. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle comprises lifting members, adapted to lift the corrugating unit from the supporting structure of the single facer and from the magazine and to lower the corrugating units onto the supporting structure of the single facer and onto the magazine, whereby corrugating unit can be lifted by the shuttle from the supporting structure of the single facer, transferred by the shuttle to the magazine and released by the shuttle on the magazine, and vice-versa. 6. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle is movable along a second guide extending between the single facer and the first guide. 7. The plant of claim 4, wherein the second guide is parallel to axes of the first corrugating roller and the second corrugating roller of a corrugating unit when said corrugating unit is in the single facer. 8. The plant of claim 6, wherein the first guide and the second guide intersect each other. 9. The plant of claim 8, wherein the second guide is interrupted at rails forming the first guide. 10. The plant of claim 6, wherein the first guide and the second guide are orthogonal to each other. 11. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuffle comprises three pairs of wheels for resting on and moving along a respective second guide, a first pair of the three pairs of wheels in a vicinity of a first end of the shuttle, a second pair and a third pair of the three pairs of wheels being adjacent to each other and in a vicinity of a second end of the shuttle, the second end of the shuffle facing the first guide. 12. The plant of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of the at least one single facer arranged in sequence along a direction of alignment, said direction of alignment being parallel to the first guide; wherein each single facer of the plurality of the at least one single facer comprises a respective shuttle movable between said each single facer and the first guide, the shuttle adapted to transfer the corrugating units from a respective single facer to the magazine and vice versa; and wherein the magazine is adapted to position itself selectively in alignment with one or another of the plurality of said at least one single facer to allow transfer, by a respective one of the shuttle, of corrugating units from the magazine to a respective single facer and vice versa. 13. The plant of claim 12, wherein with each one of the plurality of the at least one single facer, there is associated a respective second guide, along which the respective shuttle is movable, each of said second guides extending from the respective one of the at least one single facer toward the first guide. 14. The plant of claim 1, wherein the magazine comprises a motor on the magazine, which controls movement of the magazine along the first guide. 15. The plant of claim 1, wherein the shuttle comprises a motor on the shuttle, which controls movement of the shuttle. 16. The plant of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary carriage, freely movable on a floor, comprising supports for corrugating units and lifting and lowering members of the corrugating units. 17. The plant of claim 16, wherein the single facer is associated with an aligning device adapted to align the auxiliary carriage and facilitate insertion of the auxiliary carriage into the single facer. 18. The plant of claim 17, wherein said aligning device comprises a platform approximately flush with the floor and movable transversely to a direction of alignment of the auxiliary carriage with respect to the supporting structure of the single facer; and a fixed guide adapted to generate a thrust on the auxiliary carriage in a direction transverse to a direction of approach and insertion of the auxiliary carriage into the single facer. 19. The plant of claim 18, wherein said platform and said fixed guide are positioned on one side of the single facer opposite the first guide. 20. The plant of claim 18, wherein the platform is suspended by tie rods and is floating approximately parallel to the floor. 21. A method the inserting a corrugating unit into a single facer, the corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; the method comprising steps of:
positioning a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for corrugating units, so that one of said seats is aligned with the single facer; with a shuttle movable from the single facer to the magazine and vice versa:
a) picking up a corrugating unit positioned in said seat aligned with the single facer and transferring said corrugating unit into the single facer; or
b) picking up a corrugating unit positioned in the single facer and transferring said corrugating unit into the magazine. 22. The method of the claim 21, wherein the corrugating unit is picked up from the single facer or from the magazine by lifting members carried by the shuttle and configured to lift the corrugating unit from the seat of the magazine and from a supporting structure of the single facer and to lower the corrugating unit onto the seat of the magazine and onto the supporting structure of the single facer. 23. A plant for producing corrugated board, comprising:
a plurality of single facers, each of said plurality of single facers comprising a supporting structure adapted to receive a corrugating unit comprising a first corrugating roller and a second corrugating roller meshing with each other; wherein the plurality of single facers are aligned according to a direction of alignment; a magazine comprising a plurality of seats for receiving corrugating units and movable along a first guide; a guide extending parallel to the direction of alignment and of a length such that the magazine can transfer corrugating units to one or another of each of said single facers. | 3,600 |
341,783 | 16,802,142 | 3,663 | A vehicle system includes: a server configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination is set, determine whether a radio signal recommended in the set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result; and a vehicle configured to receive a radio signal. The vehicle receives the radio signal recommendation list from the server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compares a strength of at least one radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determines whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on the comparison result. | 1. A vehicle system comprising:
a server configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination is set, determine whether a recommended radio signal recommended in a set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result; and a vehicle configured to receive a radio signal, wherein the vehicle receives the radio signal recommendation list from the server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compares a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determines whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on a comparison result. 2. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to receive information about whether the destination is set from the vehicle, and determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the destination is set. 3. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to receive information about whether the destination is set from the vehicle, and determine whether a radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination is not set. 4. The vehicle system of claim 3, wherein the server is further configured to determine to recommend the radio signal based on the radio signal information corresponding to the polygon area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the radio signal is recommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 5. The vehicle system of claim 3, wherein the server is further configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 6. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to determine that the recommended radio signal is applicable and generate the radio signal recommendation list based on the recommended radio signal when the server determines that a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is the same as a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 7. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to determine that the recommended radio signal is not applicable and generate the radio signal recommendation list based on user propensity information when the server determines that a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is different from a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 8. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is further configured to receive the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal. 9. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is configured to re-receive the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. 10. A server comprising:
a communication device configured to receive information about whether a destination is set from a vehicle; and a controller configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether the destination is set, determine whether a recommended radio signal recommended in a set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result. 11. The server of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on a radio signal corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the controller determines that the destination is set. 12. The server of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether a radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination is not set. 13. The server of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the controller determines that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 14. A vehicle comprising:
a radio receiver configured to receive a radio signal; and a controller configured to receive a radio signal recommendation list from a server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compare a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determine whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on a comparison result. 15. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal, and re-receive a radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. 16. A method of recommending a radio signal, the method comprising:
receiving, by a vehicle, a radio signal; determining, by a server, a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination of the vehicle is set when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value; determining whether a recommended radio signal recommended in the recommendation scheme determined by the server is applicable and generating a radio signal recommendation list based on the determination result; and receiving the radio signal recommendation list from the server, comparing a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the currently received radio signal, and determining whether to receive the recommended radio signal recommended based on a comparison result. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of the radio signal recommendation scheme includes:
determining to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when having determined that the destination of the vehicle is set. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of the radio signal recommendation scheme further includes:
determining whether the radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination of the vehicle is not set. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining of whether the radio signal is recommendable further includes:
determining to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when having determined that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating of the radio signal recommendation list includes:
comparing a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme with a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle; determining that the recommended radio signal is applicable and generating the radio signal recommendation list based on the recommended radio signal when having determined that the broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is the same as the broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle; and determining that the recommended radio signal is not applicable and generating the radio signal recommendation list based on user propensity information when having determined that the broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is different from the broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of whether to receive the radio signal based on the comparison result further includes:
comparing the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the currently received radio signal; receiving the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal; and re-receiving a radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. | A vehicle system includes: a server configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination is set, determine whether a radio signal recommended in the set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result; and a vehicle configured to receive a radio signal. The vehicle receives the radio signal recommendation list from the server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compares a strength of at least one radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determines whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on the comparison result.1. A vehicle system comprising:
a server configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination is set, determine whether a recommended radio signal recommended in a set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result; and a vehicle configured to receive a radio signal, wherein the vehicle receives the radio signal recommendation list from the server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compares a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determines whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on a comparison result. 2. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to receive information about whether the destination is set from the vehicle, and determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the destination is set. 3. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to receive information about whether the destination is set from the vehicle, and determine whether a radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination is not set. 4. The vehicle system of claim 3, wherein the server is further configured to determine to recommend the radio signal based on the radio signal information corresponding to the polygon area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the radio signal is recommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 5. The vehicle system of claim 3, wherein the server is further configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the server determines that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 6. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to determine that the recommended radio signal is applicable and generate the radio signal recommendation list based on the recommended radio signal when the server determines that a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is the same as a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 7. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to determine that the recommended radio signal is not applicable and generate the radio signal recommendation list based on user propensity information when the server determines that a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is different from a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 8. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is further configured to receive the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal. 9. The vehicle system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is configured to re-receive the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. 10. A server comprising:
a communication device configured to receive information about whether a destination is set from a vehicle; and a controller configured to set a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether the destination is set, determine whether a recommended radio signal recommended in a set recommendation scheme is applicable, and transmit a radio signal recommendation list generated based on a determination result. 11. The server of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on a radio signal corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the controller determines that the destination is set. 12. The server of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether a radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination is not set. 13. The server of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to determine to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when the controller determines that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 14. A vehicle comprising:
a radio receiver configured to receive a radio signal; and a controller configured to receive a radio signal recommendation list from a server when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value, compare a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the received radio signal, and determine whether to receive the recommended radio signal based on a comparison result. 15. The vehicle of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to receive at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal, and re-receive a radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. 16. A method of recommending a radio signal, the method comprising:
receiving, by a vehicle, a radio signal; determining, by a server, a radio signal recommendation scheme based on whether a destination of the vehicle is set when a strength of the received radio signal is less than a specified value; determining whether a recommended radio signal recommended in the recommendation scheme determined by the server is applicable and generating a radio signal recommendation list based on the determination result; and receiving the radio signal recommendation list from the server, comparing a strength of at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the currently received radio signal, and determining whether to receive the recommended radio signal recommended based on a comparison result. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of the radio signal recommendation scheme includes:
determining to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to road information as the radio signal recommendation scheme when having determined that the destination of the vehicle is set. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of the radio signal recommendation scheme further includes:
determining whether the radio signal is recommendable based on radio signal information corresponding to a polygon area when the destination of the vehicle is not set. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining of whether the radio signal is recommendable further includes:
determining to recommend a radio signal based on radio signal information corresponding to administrative area as the radio signal recommendation scheme when having determined that the radio signal is unrecommendable based on the signal information corresponding to the polygon area. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating of the radio signal recommendation list includes:
comparing a broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme with a broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle; determining that the recommended radio signal is applicable and generating the radio signal recommendation list based on the recommended radio signal when having determined that the broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is the same as the broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle; and determining that the recommended radio signal is not applicable and generating the radio signal recommendation list based on user propensity information when having determined that the broadcast channel corresponding to the recommended radio signal recommended in the determined recommendation scheme is different from the broadcast channel corresponding to the radio signal received by the vehicle. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the determining of whether to receive the radio signal based on the comparison result further includes:
comparing the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list with the strength of the currently received radio signal; receiving the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list exceeds the strength of the currently received radio signal; and re-receiving a radio signal recommendation list when the strength of the at least one recommended radio signal included in the radio signal recommendation list is equal to or less than the strength of the currently received radio signal. | 3,600 |
341,784 | 16,802,007 | 3,663 | Provided herein are mesothelin (MSLN) targeting trispecific proteins comprising a domain binding to CD3, a half-life extension domain, and a domain binding to MSLN. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors and host cells for making such MSLN targeting trispecific proteins. Also disclosed are methods of using the disclosed MSLN targeting trispecific proteins in the prevention, and/or treatment of diseases, conditions and disorders. | 1-27. (canceled) 28. A method for the treatment or amelioration of proliferative disease, or a tumorous disease, comprising administration of a mesothelin (MSLN) binding trispecific protein comprising a sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID Nos.: 58-86, 98, 100, and 101. 29. The method of claim 28, comprising administering the MSLN binding trispecific protein at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered once a week, twice per week, every other day, or every three weeks. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the tumorous disease comprises a solid tumor disease. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the solid tumor disease comprises mesothelioma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, or triple negative breast cancer. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the solid tumor disease is metastatic. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein selectively binds to tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 35. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein mediates T cell killing of the tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 36. The method of claim 28, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of leukemias, lymphomas, brain tumors, breast cancers, adrenal cancers, thyroid cancers, pancreatic cancers, pituitary cancers, eye cancers, vaginal cancers, vulvar cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers, colon cancers, rectal cancer, liver cancers, gallbladder cancers, cholangiocarcinomas, lung cancers, testicular cancers, prostate cancers, oral cancers, salivary gland cancers, pharynx cancers, skin cancers, kidney cancers and bladder cancers. 37. The method of claim 28, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of myxo sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, endothelio sarcoma, lymphangioendothelio sarcoma, mesothelioma, synovioma, hemangioblastoma, epithelial carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma. 38. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered before, during, or after surgery. 39. The method of claim 28, furthering comprising administration of an agent in combination with the MSLN binding trispecific protein. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-diarrheal agents, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the agent is an anti-cancer agent. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of acivicin, aclarubicin, acodazole hydrochloride, acronine, adozelesin, aldesleukin, altretamine, ambomycin, ametantrone acetate, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, anthramycin, asparaginase, asperlin, azacytidine, azetepa, azotomycin, batimastat, benzodepa, bicalutamide, bisantrene hydrochloride, bisnafide dimesylate, bizelesin, bleomycin sulfate, brequinar sodium, bropirimine, busulfan, cactinomycin, calusterone, caracemide, carbetimer, carboplatin, carmustine, carubicin hydrochloride, carzele sin, cedefingol, chlorambucil, cirolemycin, cisplatin, cladribine, crisnatol mesylate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin hydrochloride, decitabine, dexormaplatin, dezaguanine, dezaguanine mesylate, diaziquone, docetaxel, doxorubicin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, droloxifene, droloxifene citrate, dromostanolone propionate, duazomycin, edatrexate, eflornithine hydrochloride, elsamitrucin, enloplatin, enpromate, epipropidine, epirubicin hydrochloride, erbulozole, esorubicin hydrochloride, estramustine, estramustine phosphate sodium, etanidazole, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, etoprine, fadrozole hydrochloride, fazarabine, fenretinide, floxuridine, fludarabine phosphate, fluorouracil, flurocitabine, fosquidone, fostriecin sodium, gemcitabine, gemcitabine hydrochloride, hydroxyurea, idarubicin hydrochloride, ifosfamide, ilmofosine, interleukin II, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon alpha-nl interferon alpha-n3, interferon beta-I a, interferon gamma-I b, iproplatin, irinotecan hydrochloride, lanreotide acetate, letrozole, leuprolide acetate, liarozole hydrochloride, lometrexol sodium, lomustine, losoxantrone hydrochloride, masoprocol, maytansine, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, megestrol acetate, melengestrol acetate, melphalan, menogaril, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methotrexate sodium, metoprine, meturedepa, mitindomide, mitocarcin, mitocromin, mitogillin, mitomalcin, mitomycin, mitosper, mitotane, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, mycophenolic acid, nocodazole, nogalamycin, ormaplatin, oxisuran, paclitaxel, pegaspargase, peliomycin, pentamustine, peplomycin sulfate, perfosfamide, pipobroman, piposulfan, piroxantrone hydrochloride, plicamycin, plomestane, porfimer sodium, porfiromycin, prednimustine, procarbazine hydrochloride, puromycin, puromycin hydrochloride, pyrazofurin, riboprine, rogletimide, safingol, safingol hydrochloride, semustine, simtrazene, sparfosate sodium, sparsomycin, spirogermanium hydrochloride, spiromustine, spiroplatin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, sulofenur, talisomycin, tecogalan sodium, tegafur, teloxantrone hydrochloride, temoporfin, teniposide, teroxirone, testolactone, thiamiprine, thioguanine, thiotepa, tiazofurin, tirapazamine, toremifene citrate, trestolone acetate, triciribine phosphate, trimetrexate, trimetrexate glucuronate, triptorelin, tubulozole hydrochloride, uracil mustard, uredepa, vapreotide, verteporfin, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine, vindesine sulfate, vinepidine sulfate, vinglycinate sulfate, vinleurosine sulfate, vinorelbine tartrate, vinzolidine sulfate, vinzolidine sulfate, vorozole, zeniplatin, zinostatin, zorubicin hydrochloride. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of 20-epi-1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, 5-ethynyluracil, abiraterone, aclarubicin, acylfulvene, adecypenol, adozelesin, aldesleukin, ALL-TK antagonists, altretamine, ambamustine, amidox, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, andrographolide, angiogenesis inhibitors, antagonist D, antagonist G, antarelix, anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1, antiandrogen, prostatic carcinoma, antiestrogen, antineoplaston, antisense oligonucleotides, aphidicolin glycinate, apoptosis gene modulators, apoptosis regulators, apurinic acid, ara-CDP-DL-PTBA, arginine deaminase, asulacrine, atamestane, atrimustine, axinastatin 1, axinastatin 2, axinastatin 3, azasetron, azatoxin, azatyrosine, baccatin III derivatives, balanol, batimastat, BCR/ABL antagonists, benzochlorins, benzoylstaurosporine, beta lactam derivatives, beta-alethine, betaclamycin B, betulinic acid, bFGF inhibitor, bicalutamide, bisantrene, bisaziridinylspermine, bisnafide, bistratene A, bizelesin, breflate, bropirimine, budotitane, buthionine sulfoximine, calcipotriol, calphostin C, camptothecin derivatives, canarypox IL-2, capecitabine, carboxamide-amino-triazole, carboxyamidotriazole, CaRest M3, CARN 700, cartilage derived inhibitor, carzelesin, casein kinase inhibitors (ICOS), castanospermine, cecropin B, cetrorelix, chlorins, chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, cicaprost, cis-porphyrin, cladribine, clomifene analogues, clotrimazole, collismycin A, collismycin B, combretastatin A4, combretastatin analogue, conagenin, crambescidin 816, crisnatol, cryptophycin 8, cryptophycin A derivatives, curacin A, cyclopentanthraquinones, cycloplatam, cypemycin, cytarabine ocfosfate, cytolytic factor, cytostatin, dacliximab, decitabine, dehydrodidemnin B, deslorelin, dexamethasone, dexifosfamide, dexrazoxane, dexverapamil, diaziquone, didemnin B, didox, diethylnorspermine, dihydro-5-azacytidine, dihydrotaxol, 9-dioxamycin, diphenyl spiromustine, docetaxel, docosanol, dolasetron, doxifluridine, droloxifene, dronabinol, duocarmycin SA, ebselen, ecomustine, edelfosine, edrecolomab, eflornithine, elemene, emitefur, epirubicin, epristeride, estramustine analogue, estrogen agonists, estrogen antagonists, etanidazole, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, fadrozole, fazarabine, fenretinide, filgrastim, finasteride, flavopiridol, flezelastine, fluasterone, fludarabine, fluorodaunorunicin hydrochloride, forfenimex, formestane, fostriecin, fotemustine, gadolinium texaphyrin, gallium nitrate, galocitabine, ganirelix, gelatinase inhibitors, gemcitabine, glutathione inhibitors, hepsulfam, heregulin, hexamethylene bisacetamide, hypericin, ibandronic acid, idarubicin, idoxifene, idramantone, ilmofosine, ilomastat, imidazoacridones, imiquimod, immunostimulant peptides, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibitor, interferon agonists, interferons, interleukins, iobenguane, iododoxorubicin, ipomeanol, 4-iroplact, irsogladine, isobengazole, isohomohalicondrin B, itasetron, jasplakinolide, kahalalide F, lamellarin-N triacetate, lanreotide, leinamycin, lenograstim, lentinan sulfate, leptolstatin, letrozole, leukemia inhibiting factor, leukocyte alpha interferon, leuprolide+estrogen+progesterone, leuprorelin, levamisole, liarozole, linear polyamine analogue, lipophilic disaccharide peptide, lipophilic platinum compounds, lissoclinamide 7, lobaplatin, lombricine, lometrexol, lonidamine, losoxantrone, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (such as but not limited to, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Fluvastatin, Statin, Simvastatin, and Atorvastatin), loxoribine, lurtotecan, lutetium texaphyrin, lysofylline, lytic peptides, maitansine, mannostatin A, marimastat, masoprocol, maspin, matrilysin inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, menogaril, merbarone, meterelin, methioninase, metoclopramide, MIF inhibitor, mifepristone, miltefosine, mirimostim, mismatched double stranded RNA, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitomycin analogues, mitonafide, mitotoxin fibroblast growth factor-saporin, mitoxantrone, mofarotene, molgramostim, monoclonal antibody, human chorionic gonadotrophin, monophosphoryl lipid A+myobacterium cell wall sk, mopidamol, multiple drug resistance gene inhibitor, multiple tumor suppressor 1-based therapy, mustard anticancer agent, mycaperoxide B, mycobacterial cell wall extract, myriaporone, N-acetyldinaline, N-substituted benzamides, nafarelin, nagrestip, naloxone+pentazocine, napavin, naphterpin, nartograstim, nedaplatin, nemorubicin, neridronic acid, neutral endopeptidase, nilutamide, nisamycin, nitric oxide modulators, nitroxide antioxidant, nitrullyn, 06-benzylguanine, octreotide, okicenone, oligonucleotides, onapristone, ondansetron, ondansetron, oracin, oral cytokine inducer, ormaplatin, osaterone, oxaliplatin, oxaunomycin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel analogues, paclitaxel derivatives, palauamine, palmitoylrhizoxin, pamidronic acid, panaxytriol, panomifene, parabactin, pazelliptine, pegaspargase, peldesine, pentosan polysulfate sodium, pentostatin, pentrozole, perflubron, perfosfamide, perillyl alcohol, phenazinomycin, phenylacetate, phosphatase inhibitors, picibanil, pilocarpine hydrochloride, pirarubicin, piritrexim, placetin A, placetin B, plasminogen activator inhibitor, platinum complex, platinum compounds, platinum-triamine complex, porfimer sodium, porfiromycin, prednisone, propyl bis-acridone, prostaglandin J2, proteasome inhibitors, protein A-based immune modulator, protein kinase C inhibitor, protein kinase C inhibitors, microalgal, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors, purpurins, pyrazoloacridine, pyridoxylated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate, raf antagonists, raltitrexed, ramosetron, ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, ras inhibitors, ras-GAP inhibitor, retelliptine demethylated, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, rhizoxin, ribozymes, RII retinamide, rogletimide, rohitukine, romurtide, roquinimex, rubiginone B 1, ruboxyl, safingol, saintopin, SarCNU, sarcophytol A, sargramostim, Sdi 1 mimetics, semustine, senescence derived inhibitor 1, sense oligonucleotides, signal transduction inhibitors, signal transduction modulators, single chain antigen binding protein, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sodium borocaptate, sodium phenylacetate, solverol, somatomedin binding protein, sonermin, sparfosic acid, spicamycin D, spiromustine, splenopentin, spongistatin 1, squalamine, stem cell inhibitor, stem-cell division inhibitors, stipiamide, stromelysin inhibitors, sulfinosine, superactive vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist, suradista, suramin, swainsonine, synthetic glycosaminoglycans, tallimustine, tamoxifen methiodide, tauromustine, tazarotene, tecogalan sodium, tegafur, tellurapyrylium, telomerase inhibitors, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecaoxide, tetrazomine, thaliblastine, thiocoraline, thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin mimetic, thymalfasin, thymopoietin receptor agonist, thymotrinan, thyroid stimulating hormone, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, titanocene bichloride, topsentin, toremifene, totipotent stem cell factor, translation inhibitors, tretinoin, triacetyluridine, triciribine, trimetrexate, triptorelin, tropisetron, turosteride, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostins, UBC inhibitors, ubenimex, urogenital sinus-derived growth inhibitory factor, urokinase receptor antagonists, vapreotide, variolin B, vector system, erythrocyte gene therapy, velaresol, veramine, verdins, verteporfin, vinorelbine, vinxaltine, Vitaxin®, vorozole, zanoterone, zeniplatin, zilascorb and zinostatin stimalamer. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent comprises 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. 45. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent comprises gemcitabine. 46. A method for the treatment or amelioration of proliferative disease, or a tumorous disease, comprising administration of a mesothelin (MSLN) binding trispecific protein comprising a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID No.: 98. 47. The method of claim 46, comprising administering the MSLN binding trispecific protein at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered once a week, twice per week, every other day, or every three weeks. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the tumorous disease comprises a solid tumor disease. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the solid tumor disease comprises mesothelioma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, or triple negative breast cancer. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the solid tumor disease is metastatic. 52. The method of claim 46, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein selectively binds to tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 53. The method of claim 46, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein mediates T cell killing of the tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 54. The method of claim 46, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of leukemias, lymphomas, brain tumors, breast cancers, adrenal cancers, thyroid cancers, pancreatic cancers, pituitary cancers, eye cancers, vaginal cancers, vulvar cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers, colon cancers, rectal cancer, liver cancers, gallbladder cancers, cholangiocarcinomas, lung cancers, testicular cancers, prostate cancers, oral cancers, salivary gland cancers, pharynx cancers, skin cancers, kidney cancers and bladder cancers. 55. The method of claim 46, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of myxo sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, endothelio sarcoma, lymphangioendothelio sarcoma, mesothelioma, synovioma, hemangioblastoma, epithelial carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma. 56. The method of claim 46, further comprising administration of an agent in combination with the MSLN binding trispecific protein. 57. The method of claim 46, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-diarrheal agents, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 58. The method of claim 46, wherein the agent is an anti-cancer agent. | Provided herein are mesothelin (MSLN) targeting trispecific proteins comprising a domain binding to CD3, a half-life extension domain, and a domain binding to MSLN. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors and host cells for making such MSLN targeting trispecific proteins. Also disclosed are methods of using the disclosed MSLN targeting trispecific proteins in the prevention, and/or treatment of diseases, conditions and disorders.1-27. (canceled) 28. A method for the treatment or amelioration of proliferative disease, or a tumorous disease, comprising administration of a mesothelin (MSLN) binding trispecific protein comprising a sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID Nos.: 58-86, 98, 100, and 101. 29. The method of claim 28, comprising administering the MSLN binding trispecific protein at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered once a week, twice per week, every other day, or every three weeks. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the tumorous disease comprises a solid tumor disease. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the solid tumor disease comprises mesothelioma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, or triple negative breast cancer. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the solid tumor disease is metastatic. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein selectively binds to tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 35. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein mediates T cell killing of the tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 36. The method of claim 28, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of leukemias, lymphomas, brain tumors, breast cancers, adrenal cancers, thyroid cancers, pancreatic cancers, pituitary cancers, eye cancers, vaginal cancers, vulvar cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers, colon cancers, rectal cancer, liver cancers, gallbladder cancers, cholangiocarcinomas, lung cancers, testicular cancers, prostate cancers, oral cancers, salivary gland cancers, pharynx cancers, skin cancers, kidney cancers and bladder cancers. 37. The method of claim 28, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of myxo sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, endothelio sarcoma, lymphangioendothelio sarcoma, mesothelioma, synovioma, hemangioblastoma, epithelial carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma. 38. The method of claim 28, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered before, during, or after surgery. 39. The method of claim 28, furthering comprising administration of an agent in combination with the MSLN binding trispecific protein. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-diarrheal agents, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 41. The method of claim 39, wherein the agent is an anti-cancer agent. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of acivicin, aclarubicin, acodazole hydrochloride, acronine, adozelesin, aldesleukin, altretamine, ambomycin, ametantrone acetate, aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, anthramycin, asparaginase, asperlin, azacytidine, azetepa, azotomycin, batimastat, benzodepa, bicalutamide, bisantrene hydrochloride, bisnafide dimesylate, bizelesin, bleomycin sulfate, brequinar sodium, bropirimine, busulfan, cactinomycin, calusterone, caracemide, carbetimer, carboplatin, carmustine, carubicin hydrochloride, carzele sin, cedefingol, chlorambucil, cirolemycin, cisplatin, cladribine, crisnatol mesylate, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin hydrochloride, decitabine, dexormaplatin, dezaguanine, dezaguanine mesylate, diaziquone, docetaxel, doxorubicin, doxorubicin hydrochloride, droloxifene, droloxifene citrate, dromostanolone propionate, duazomycin, edatrexate, eflornithine hydrochloride, elsamitrucin, enloplatin, enpromate, epipropidine, epirubicin hydrochloride, erbulozole, esorubicin hydrochloride, estramustine, estramustine phosphate sodium, etanidazole, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, etoprine, fadrozole hydrochloride, fazarabine, fenretinide, floxuridine, fludarabine phosphate, fluorouracil, flurocitabine, fosquidone, fostriecin sodium, gemcitabine, gemcitabine hydrochloride, hydroxyurea, idarubicin hydrochloride, ifosfamide, ilmofosine, interleukin II, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon alpha-nl interferon alpha-n3, interferon beta-I a, interferon gamma-I b, iproplatin, irinotecan hydrochloride, lanreotide acetate, letrozole, leuprolide acetate, liarozole hydrochloride, lometrexol sodium, lomustine, losoxantrone hydrochloride, masoprocol, maytansine, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, megestrol acetate, melengestrol acetate, melphalan, menogaril, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methotrexate sodium, metoprine, meturedepa, mitindomide, mitocarcin, mitocromin, mitogillin, mitomalcin, mitomycin, mitosper, mitotane, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, mycophenolic acid, nocodazole, nogalamycin, ormaplatin, oxisuran, paclitaxel, pegaspargase, peliomycin, pentamustine, peplomycin sulfate, perfosfamide, pipobroman, piposulfan, piroxantrone hydrochloride, plicamycin, plomestane, porfimer sodium, porfiromycin, prednimustine, procarbazine hydrochloride, puromycin, puromycin hydrochloride, pyrazofurin, riboprine, rogletimide, safingol, safingol hydrochloride, semustine, simtrazene, sparfosate sodium, sparsomycin, spirogermanium hydrochloride, spiromustine, spiroplatin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, sulofenur, talisomycin, tecogalan sodium, tegafur, teloxantrone hydrochloride, temoporfin, teniposide, teroxirone, testolactone, thiamiprine, thioguanine, thiotepa, tiazofurin, tirapazamine, toremifene citrate, trestolone acetate, triciribine phosphate, trimetrexate, trimetrexate glucuronate, triptorelin, tubulozole hydrochloride, uracil mustard, uredepa, vapreotide, verteporfin, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine, vindesine sulfate, vinepidine sulfate, vinglycinate sulfate, vinleurosine sulfate, vinorelbine tartrate, vinzolidine sulfate, vinzolidine sulfate, vorozole, zeniplatin, zinostatin, zorubicin hydrochloride. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent is selected from the group consisting of 20-epi-1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, 5-ethynyluracil, abiraterone, aclarubicin, acylfulvene, adecypenol, adozelesin, aldesleukin, ALL-TK antagonists, altretamine, ambamustine, amidox, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, andrographolide, angiogenesis inhibitors, antagonist D, antagonist G, antarelix, anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1, antiandrogen, prostatic carcinoma, antiestrogen, antineoplaston, antisense oligonucleotides, aphidicolin glycinate, apoptosis gene modulators, apoptosis regulators, apurinic acid, ara-CDP-DL-PTBA, arginine deaminase, asulacrine, atamestane, atrimustine, axinastatin 1, axinastatin 2, axinastatin 3, azasetron, azatoxin, azatyrosine, baccatin III derivatives, balanol, batimastat, BCR/ABL antagonists, benzochlorins, benzoylstaurosporine, beta lactam derivatives, beta-alethine, betaclamycin B, betulinic acid, bFGF inhibitor, bicalutamide, bisantrene, bisaziridinylspermine, bisnafide, bistratene A, bizelesin, breflate, bropirimine, budotitane, buthionine sulfoximine, calcipotriol, calphostin C, camptothecin derivatives, canarypox IL-2, capecitabine, carboxamide-amino-triazole, carboxyamidotriazole, CaRest M3, CARN 700, cartilage derived inhibitor, carzelesin, casein kinase inhibitors (ICOS), castanospermine, cecropin B, cetrorelix, chlorins, chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, cicaprost, cis-porphyrin, cladribine, clomifene analogues, clotrimazole, collismycin A, collismycin B, combretastatin A4, combretastatin analogue, conagenin, crambescidin 816, crisnatol, cryptophycin 8, cryptophycin A derivatives, curacin A, cyclopentanthraquinones, cycloplatam, cypemycin, cytarabine ocfosfate, cytolytic factor, cytostatin, dacliximab, decitabine, dehydrodidemnin B, deslorelin, dexamethasone, dexifosfamide, dexrazoxane, dexverapamil, diaziquone, didemnin B, didox, diethylnorspermine, dihydro-5-azacytidine, dihydrotaxol, 9-dioxamycin, diphenyl spiromustine, docetaxel, docosanol, dolasetron, doxifluridine, droloxifene, dronabinol, duocarmycin SA, ebselen, ecomustine, edelfosine, edrecolomab, eflornithine, elemene, emitefur, epirubicin, epristeride, estramustine analogue, estrogen agonists, estrogen antagonists, etanidazole, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, fadrozole, fazarabine, fenretinide, filgrastim, finasteride, flavopiridol, flezelastine, fluasterone, fludarabine, fluorodaunorunicin hydrochloride, forfenimex, formestane, fostriecin, fotemustine, gadolinium texaphyrin, gallium nitrate, galocitabine, ganirelix, gelatinase inhibitors, gemcitabine, glutathione inhibitors, hepsulfam, heregulin, hexamethylene bisacetamide, hypericin, ibandronic acid, idarubicin, idoxifene, idramantone, ilmofosine, ilomastat, imidazoacridones, imiquimod, immunostimulant peptides, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor inhibitor, interferon agonists, interferons, interleukins, iobenguane, iododoxorubicin, ipomeanol, 4-iroplact, irsogladine, isobengazole, isohomohalicondrin B, itasetron, jasplakinolide, kahalalide F, lamellarin-N triacetate, lanreotide, leinamycin, lenograstim, lentinan sulfate, leptolstatin, letrozole, leukemia inhibiting factor, leukocyte alpha interferon, leuprolide+estrogen+progesterone, leuprorelin, levamisole, liarozole, linear polyamine analogue, lipophilic disaccharide peptide, lipophilic platinum compounds, lissoclinamide 7, lobaplatin, lombricine, lometrexol, lonidamine, losoxantrone, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (such as but not limited to, Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Fluvastatin, Statin, Simvastatin, and Atorvastatin), loxoribine, lurtotecan, lutetium texaphyrin, lysofylline, lytic peptides, maitansine, mannostatin A, marimastat, masoprocol, maspin, matrilysin inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, menogaril, merbarone, meterelin, methioninase, metoclopramide, MIF inhibitor, mifepristone, miltefosine, mirimostim, mismatched double stranded RNA, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitomycin analogues, mitonafide, mitotoxin fibroblast growth factor-saporin, mitoxantrone, mofarotene, molgramostim, monoclonal antibody, human chorionic gonadotrophin, monophosphoryl lipid A+myobacterium cell wall sk, mopidamol, multiple drug resistance gene inhibitor, multiple tumor suppressor 1-based therapy, mustard anticancer agent, mycaperoxide B, mycobacterial cell wall extract, myriaporone, N-acetyldinaline, N-substituted benzamides, nafarelin, nagrestip, naloxone+pentazocine, napavin, naphterpin, nartograstim, nedaplatin, nemorubicin, neridronic acid, neutral endopeptidase, nilutamide, nisamycin, nitric oxide modulators, nitroxide antioxidant, nitrullyn, 06-benzylguanine, octreotide, okicenone, oligonucleotides, onapristone, ondansetron, ondansetron, oracin, oral cytokine inducer, ormaplatin, osaterone, oxaliplatin, oxaunomycin, paclitaxel, paclitaxel analogues, paclitaxel derivatives, palauamine, palmitoylrhizoxin, pamidronic acid, panaxytriol, panomifene, parabactin, pazelliptine, pegaspargase, peldesine, pentosan polysulfate sodium, pentostatin, pentrozole, perflubron, perfosfamide, perillyl alcohol, phenazinomycin, phenylacetate, phosphatase inhibitors, picibanil, pilocarpine hydrochloride, pirarubicin, piritrexim, placetin A, placetin B, plasminogen activator inhibitor, platinum complex, platinum compounds, platinum-triamine complex, porfimer sodium, porfiromycin, prednisone, propyl bis-acridone, prostaglandin J2, proteasome inhibitors, protein A-based immune modulator, protein kinase C inhibitor, protein kinase C inhibitors, microalgal, protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors, purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors, purpurins, pyrazoloacridine, pyridoxylated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate, raf antagonists, raltitrexed, ramosetron, ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, ras inhibitors, ras-GAP inhibitor, retelliptine demethylated, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, rhizoxin, ribozymes, RII retinamide, rogletimide, rohitukine, romurtide, roquinimex, rubiginone B 1, ruboxyl, safingol, saintopin, SarCNU, sarcophytol A, sargramostim, Sdi 1 mimetics, semustine, senescence derived inhibitor 1, sense oligonucleotides, signal transduction inhibitors, signal transduction modulators, single chain antigen binding protein, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sodium borocaptate, sodium phenylacetate, solverol, somatomedin binding protein, sonermin, sparfosic acid, spicamycin D, spiromustine, splenopentin, spongistatin 1, squalamine, stem cell inhibitor, stem-cell division inhibitors, stipiamide, stromelysin inhibitors, sulfinosine, superactive vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist, suradista, suramin, swainsonine, synthetic glycosaminoglycans, tallimustine, tamoxifen methiodide, tauromustine, tazarotene, tecogalan sodium, tegafur, tellurapyrylium, telomerase inhibitors, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecaoxide, tetrazomine, thaliblastine, thiocoraline, thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin mimetic, thymalfasin, thymopoietin receptor agonist, thymotrinan, thyroid stimulating hormone, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, titanocene bichloride, topsentin, toremifene, totipotent stem cell factor, translation inhibitors, tretinoin, triacetyluridine, triciribine, trimetrexate, triptorelin, tropisetron, turosteride, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostins, UBC inhibitors, ubenimex, urogenital sinus-derived growth inhibitory factor, urokinase receptor antagonists, vapreotide, variolin B, vector system, erythrocyte gene therapy, velaresol, veramine, verdins, verteporfin, vinorelbine, vinxaltine, Vitaxin®, vorozole, zanoterone, zeniplatin, zilascorb and zinostatin stimalamer. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent comprises 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. 45. The method of claim 41, wherein the anti-cancer agent comprises gemcitabine. 46. A method for the treatment or amelioration of proliferative disease, or a tumorous disease, comprising administration of a mesothelin (MSLN) binding trispecific protein comprising a sequence as set forth in SEQ ID No.: 98. 47. The method of claim 46, comprising administering the MSLN binding trispecific protein at a dose of up to 10 mg/kg. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein is administered once a week, twice per week, every other day, or every three weeks. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the tumorous disease comprises a solid tumor disease. 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the solid tumor disease comprises mesothelioma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, or triple negative breast cancer. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the solid tumor disease is metastatic. 52. The method of claim 46, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein selectively binds to tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 53. The method of claim 46, wherein the MSLN binding trispecific protein mediates T cell killing of the tumor cells expressing mesothelin. 54. The method of claim 46, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of leukemias, lymphomas, brain tumors, breast cancers, adrenal cancers, thyroid cancers, pancreatic cancers, pituitary cancers, eye cancers, vaginal cancers, vulvar cancers, cervical cancers, uterine cancers, ovarian cancers, stomach cancers, colon cancers, rectal cancer, liver cancers, gallbladder cancers, cholangiocarcinomas, lung cancers, testicular cancers, prostate cancers, oral cancers, salivary gland cancers, pharynx cancers, skin cancers, kidney cancers and bladder cancers. 55. The method of claim 46, wherein the proliferative disease is selected from the group consisting of myxo sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, endothelio sarcoma, lymphangioendothelio sarcoma, mesothelioma, synovioma, hemangioblastoma, epithelial carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma. 56. The method of claim 46, further comprising administration of an agent in combination with the MSLN binding trispecific protein. 57. The method of claim 46, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of anti-diarrheal agents, anti-emetic agents, analgesics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 58. The method of claim 46, wherein the agent is an anti-cancer agent. | 3,600 |
341,785 | 16,802,137 | 3,663 | An inertial sensor includes a substrate, a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate, a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element, a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element, and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, in which, in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. | 1. An inertial sensor comprising:
a substrate; a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element; a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element; and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. 2. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a second drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the second inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the second inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the second drive signal terminal and the second detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween, the second drive signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid, and the second detection signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first detection signal terminal with respect to the lid. 3. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the first inertial sensor element is a gyro sensor element measuring an angular velocity, and includes a drive movable body that vibrates with respect to the substrate and the inertial sensor further comprises a first pickup signal terminal that is provided at the outside of the lid and is for a pickup signal corresponding to vibration of the drive movable body output from the first inertial sensor element, and the first pickup signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid. 4. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
a pair of the first detection signal terminals is provided, the inertial sensor further comprises a first detection signal wiring that electrically couples one of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal wiring that electrically couples the other of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element, and the first detection signal wiring and the second detection signal wiring have the same length. 5. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is made of a metal film provided on the substrate. 6. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is provided on the substrate and provided on a mounting table made of the same material as the first inertial sensor element. 7. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding member that is provided between the substrate and the lid and bonds the substrate and the lid, wherein the bonding member contains the same material as the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 8. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of inspection terminals that are coupled to the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal, respectively, and have different shapes in plan view from the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 9. The inertial sensor according to claim 8, wherein
the shapes of the plurality of inspection terminals are rotationally symmetric in plan view. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control circuit that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. 11. A vehicle comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control device that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. | An inertial sensor includes a substrate, a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate, a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element, a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element, and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, in which, in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween.1. An inertial sensor comprising:
a substrate; a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element; a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element; and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. 2. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a second drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the second inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the second inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the second drive signal terminal and the second detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween, the second drive signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid, and the second detection signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first detection signal terminal with respect to the lid. 3. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the first inertial sensor element is a gyro sensor element measuring an angular velocity, and includes a drive movable body that vibrates with respect to the substrate and the inertial sensor further comprises a first pickup signal terminal that is provided at the outside of the lid and is for a pickup signal corresponding to vibration of the drive movable body output from the first inertial sensor element, and the first pickup signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid. 4. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
a pair of the first detection signal terminals is provided, the inertial sensor further comprises a first detection signal wiring that electrically couples one of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal wiring that electrically couples the other of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element, and the first detection signal wiring and the second detection signal wiring have the same length. 5. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is made of a metal film provided on the substrate. 6. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is provided on the substrate and provided on a mounting table made of the same material as the first inertial sensor element. 7. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding member that is provided between the substrate and the lid and bonds the substrate and the lid, wherein the bonding member contains the same material as the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 8. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of inspection terminals that are coupled to the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal, respectively, and have different shapes in plan view from the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 9. The inertial sensor according to claim 8, wherein
the shapes of the plurality of inspection terminals are rotationally symmetric in plan view. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control circuit that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. 11. A vehicle comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control device that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. | 3,600 |
341,786 | 16,802,144 | 3,663 | An inertial sensor includes a substrate, a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate, a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element, a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element, and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, in which, in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. | 1. An inertial sensor comprising:
a substrate; a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element; a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element; and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. 2. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a second drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the second inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the second inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the second drive signal terminal and the second detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween, the second drive signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid, and the second detection signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first detection signal terminal with respect to the lid. 3. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the first inertial sensor element is a gyro sensor element measuring an angular velocity, and includes a drive movable body that vibrates with respect to the substrate and the inertial sensor further comprises a first pickup signal terminal that is provided at the outside of the lid and is for a pickup signal corresponding to vibration of the drive movable body output from the first inertial sensor element, and the first pickup signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid. 4. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
a pair of the first detection signal terminals is provided, the inertial sensor further comprises a first detection signal wiring that electrically couples one of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal wiring that electrically couples the other of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element, and the first detection signal wiring and the second detection signal wiring have the same length. 5. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is made of a metal film provided on the substrate. 6. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is provided on the substrate and provided on a mounting table made of the same material as the first inertial sensor element. 7. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding member that is provided between the substrate and the lid and bonds the substrate and the lid, wherein the bonding member contains the same material as the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 8. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of inspection terminals that are coupled to the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal, respectively, and have different shapes in plan view from the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 9. The inertial sensor according to claim 8, wherein
the shapes of the plurality of inspection terminals are rotationally symmetric in plan view. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control circuit that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. 11. A vehicle comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control device that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. | An inertial sensor includes a substrate, a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate, a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element, a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element, and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, in which, in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween.1. An inertial sensor comprising:
a substrate; a first inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a lid bonded to the substrate so as to cover the first inertial sensor element; a first drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the first inertial sensor element; and a first detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the first inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween. 2. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second inertial sensor element provided on the substrate; a second drive signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a drive signal to be applied to the second inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal terminal that is provided outside the lid and is for a detection signal output from the second inertial sensor element, wherein in plan view of the substrate, the second drive signal terminal and the second detection signal terminal are provided with the lid interposed therebetween, the second drive signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid, and the second detection signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first detection signal terminal with respect to the lid. 3. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the first inertial sensor element is a gyro sensor element measuring an angular velocity, and includes a drive movable body that vibrates with respect to the substrate and the inertial sensor further comprises a first pickup signal terminal that is provided at the outside of the lid and is for a pickup signal corresponding to vibration of the drive movable body output from the first inertial sensor element, and the first pickup signal terminal is positioned at the same side as the first drive signal terminal with respect to the lid. 4. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
a pair of the first detection signal terminals is provided, the inertial sensor further comprises a first detection signal wiring that electrically couples one of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element; and a second detection signal wiring that electrically couples the other of the first detection signal terminals and the first inertial sensor element, and the first detection signal wiring and the second detection signal wiring have the same length. 5. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is made of a metal film provided on the substrate. 6. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, wherein
each of the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal is provided on the substrate and provided on a mounting table made of the same material as the first inertial sensor element. 7. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a bonding member that is provided between the substrate and the lid and bonds the substrate and the lid, wherein the bonding member contains the same material as the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 8. The inertial sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of inspection terminals that are coupled to the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal, respectively, and have different shapes in plan view from the first drive signal terminal and the first detection signal terminal. 9. The inertial sensor according to claim 8, wherein
the shapes of the plurality of inspection terminals are rotationally symmetric in plan view. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control circuit that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. 11. A vehicle comprising:
the inertial sensor according to claim 1; and a control device that performs control based on a detection signal output from the inertial sensor. | 3,600 |
341,787 | 16,802,124 | 2,469 | The invention relates, inter alia, to a network device (10) which can be connected via electrical lines (15, 16) to other subscribers (18 a, 18 b, 12, 13) of a network (42), in particular a real-time intercom network (42), for transmitting audio and/or image information, wherein the network device (10) comprises at least one input-side terminal (22 a) for connection to a power supply source (11) and at least one output-side terminal (22 b) for connection to at least one second network device (12), wherein signals and operating voltage (PoE) can be transmitted via the terminals, using at least the following four layers (32, 33, 34, 35): | 1. A first network device connectable via electrical lines to a power supply and to other subscribers of a network for transmitting audio and/or image information, the first network device comprising:
an input side terminal connectable to the power supply; an output side terminal connectable to a second network device, signals and operating voltage being transmitted via the terminals using at least the following four layers: a) a PTP layer, b) an ethernet layer, c) a data and/or information layer, and d) a POE layer; equipment for processing the signals received via the lines and the operating voltage in the first network device, the equipment receiving and/or retrieving and/or processing information relating to a maximally available PoE supply input on the input side and receiving, and/or retrieving and or processing information relating to a power intake required at least by the second network device received and/or retrieved and/or further processed by the second network device; and testing means connected to the equipment for checking, with knowledge of the required power input of the first network device, as to whether the supply input provided at the input side is sufficient for supplying the first network device and the second network device. 2. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a telephone station. 3. The first network device according to claim 1 wherein the device is a mobile terminal. 4. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, if the supply input is sufficient, the testing means addresses a switchgear assembly in order to supply the second network with the operating voltage. 5. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, following a successful test, the testing means addresses a display means which signals that the second network device is supplied with operating voltage and/or signals that the second network device is not supplied with operating voltage. 6. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein a third network device is connectable to the first network device directly or indirectly via the second network. 7. The first network according to claim 6, wherein the testing means, when testing whether the supply input is sufficient, also includes the required power inputs of the first network device, the second network device and the third network device. 8. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the lines are provided by an ethernet cable. 9. A method for supplying first and second network devices as subscribers of a network with operating voltage in accordance with a PoE protocol, the method comprising the steps of:
i) providing a power supply, ii) providing the first network device, iii) providing the second network device, the first network device being connected to the power supply by a first line and to the second network device by of a second line, iv) transmitting signals, data, and PoE operating voltage, in at least the following four layers
a) a PTP layer,
b) an ethernet layer,
c) a data and/or information layer,
d) a POE layer, via the line between the power supply and the first network device,
v) determining a maximum supply input applied to the first network device on the input side of an electrical supply voltage, vi) determining the required power input of the first network device, vii) determining the power input required for operating the second network device by the first network device by receiving information from the second network device or by retrieving information from the second network device by the first network device, viii) comparing the sum of the power intake of the first network device and the power intake of the second the first network device with the supply input provided at the first network device, at the input side. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized by the step of:
ix) addressing a switchgear assembly for supplying the second network device with operating voltage in accordance with a PoE protocol in the case of sufficient electrical operating voltage supply input being provided. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, depending on the result of the test carried out, a display means is addressed that displays on the first network device whether the second network device can be supplied with operating voltage. 12. A network comprising first and second network devices, wherein the first network device is connected to a power supply by a line and data, information, signals and operating voltage are transmitted via the line, using at least the following four layers
a) a PTP layer, b) an ethernet layer, c) a data and/or information layer, d) a POE layer, 13. The first network according to claim 12, wherein the first network device is associated with a display means that displays whether a second network device, connected to the first network device, can be supplied with electrical supply voltage in accordance with the PoE protocol. 14. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the network is a real-time intercom network. 15. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the testing means is on the first network. 16. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is a belt pack. 17. The first network device according to claim 9, wherein the power supply is a switch. | The invention relates, inter alia, to a network device (10) which can be connected via electrical lines (15, 16) to other subscribers (18 a, 18 b, 12, 13) of a network (42), in particular a real-time intercom network (42), for transmitting audio and/or image information, wherein the network device (10) comprises at least one input-side terminal (22 a) for connection to a power supply source (11) and at least one output-side terminal (22 b) for connection to at least one second network device (12), wherein signals and operating voltage (PoE) can be transmitted via the terminals, using at least the following four layers (32, 33, 34, 35):1. A first network device connectable via electrical lines to a power supply and to other subscribers of a network for transmitting audio and/or image information, the first network device comprising:
an input side terminal connectable to the power supply; an output side terminal connectable to a second network device, signals and operating voltage being transmitted via the terminals using at least the following four layers: a) a PTP layer, b) an ethernet layer, c) a data and/or information layer, and d) a POE layer; equipment for processing the signals received via the lines and the operating voltage in the first network device, the equipment receiving and/or retrieving and/or processing information relating to a maximally available PoE supply input on the input side and receiving, and/or retrieving and or processing information relating to a power intake required at least by the second network device received and/or retrieved and/or further processed by the second network device; and testing means connected to the equipment for checking, with knowledge of the required power input of the first network device, as to whether the supply input provided at the input side is sufficient for supplying the first network device and the second network device. 2. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a telephone station. 3. The first network device according to claim 1 wherein the device is a mobile terminal. 4. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, if the supply input is sufficient, the testing means addresses a switchgear assembly in order to supply the second network with the operating voltage. 5. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, following a successful test, the testing means addresses a display means which signals that the second network device is supplied with operating voltage and/or signals that the second network device is not supplied with operating voltage. 6. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein a third network device is connectable to the first network device directly or indirectly via the second network. 7. The first network according to claim 6, wherein the testing means, when testing whether the supply input is sufficient, also includes the required power inputs of the first network device, the second network device and the third network device. 8. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the lines are provided by an ethernet cable. 9. A method for supplying first and second network devices as subscribers of a network with operating voltage in accordance with a PoE protocol, the method comprising the steps of:
i) providing a power supply, ii) providing the first network device, iii) providing the second network device, the first network device being connected to the power supply by a first line and to the second network device by of a second line, iv) transmitting signals, data, and PoE operating voltage, in at least the following four layers
a) a PTP layer,
b) an ethernet layer,
c) a data and/or information layer,
d) a POE layer, via the line between the power supply and the first network device,
v) determining a maximum supply input applied to the first network device on the input side of an electrical supply voltage, vi) determining the required power input of the first network device, vii) determining the power input required for operating the second network device by the first network device by receiving information from the second network device or by retrieving information from the second network device by the first network device, viii) comparing the sum of the power intake of the first network device and the power intake of the second the first network device with the supply input provided at the first network device, at the input side. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized by the step of:
ix) addressing a switchgear assembly for supplying the second network device with operating voltage in accordance with a PoE protocol in the case of sufficient electrical operating voltage supply input being provided. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, depending on the result of the test carried out, a display means is addressed that displays on the first network device whether the second network device can be supplied with operating voltage. 12. A network comprising first and second network devices, wherein the first network device is connected to a power supply by a line and data, information, signals and operating voltage are transmitted via the line, using at least the following four layers
a) a PTP layer, b) an ethernet layer, c) a data and/or information layer, d) a POE layer, 13. The first network according to claim 12, wherein the first network device is associated with a display means that displays whether a second network device, connected to the first network device, can be supplied with electrical supply voltage in accordance with the PoE protocol. 14. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the network is a real-time intercom network. 15. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the testing means is on the first network. 16. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is a belt pack. 17. The first network device according to claim 9, wherein the power supply is a switch. | 2,400 |
341,788 | 16,802,141 | 2,469 | There are provided a microcontroller, a memory system having the same, and a method for operating the same. A memory system includes: a semiconductor memory performing a scanning operation on ROM data stored in a microcontroller in a test operation and outputting a result of the scanning operation as a status output signal; and a controller for determining whether an error exists in the ROM data, using the status output signal. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor memory device performing a scanning operation on ROM data stored in a microcontroller in a test operation and outputting a result of the scanning operation as a status output signal; and a controller configured to determine whether an error exists in the ROM data, using the status output signal. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the scanning operation checks whether an error exists in the ROM data to detect the error, using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller includes:
a control logic configured to store the ROM data, output control signals for controlling a peripheral circuit in response to a command input from the outside, and read and output the ROM data in response to a test mode enable signal in the test operation; a ROM data divider configured to divide and store the ROM data with a set data size, and sequentially output the stored divided data as main data and sub-data; a ROM data scanner configured to output a ROM data scanning signal by performing the scanning operation on the main data or the sub-data in response to a scan clock; and an output circuit configured to poll the ROM data scanning signal in an internal status output signal and output the polled signal as the status output signal. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the microcontroller further includes:
a test mode enabler configured to generate the test mode enable signal for enabling a test mode after a power-on reset operation, after a reset operation of the microcontroller, or when the test operation is requested from a host; and a clock period controller configured to generate the scan clock by controlling a micro clock with a set period. 5. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the control logic includes a main microcontroller and a sub-microcontroller. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the ROM data divider includes:
a main ROM data divider configured to receive the ROM data stored in the main microcontroller in the test operation, and divide and store the received ROM data according to a set data division size; and a sub-ROM data divider configured to receive sub-ROM data stored in the sub-microcontroller in the test operation, and divide and store the received sub-ROM data according to the set data division size. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the main ROM data divider includes a plurality of registers,
wherein the ROM data respectively divided and stored in the plurality of registers are sequentially selected in response to a scan state signal and are output as the main data. 8. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the sub-ROM data divider includes a plurality of registers,
wherein the sub-ROM data respectively divided and stored in the plurality of registers are sequentially selected in response to a scan state signal and are output as the sub-data. 9. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the ROM data scanner performs the scanning operation, using a CRC32 code. | There are provided a microcontroller, a memory system having the same, and a method for operating the same. A memory system includes: a semiconductor memory performing a scanning operation on ROM data stored in a microcontroller in a test operation and outputting a result of the scanning operation as a status output signal; and a controller for determining whether an error exists in the ROM data, using the status output signal.1. A memory system comprising:
a semiconductor memory device performing a scanning operation on ROM data stored in a microcontroller in a test operation and outputting a result of the scanning operation as a status output signal; and a controller configured to determine whether an error exists in the ROM data, using the status output signal. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the scanning operation checks whether an error exists in the ROM data to detect the error, using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) method. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller includes:
a control logic configured to store the ROM data, output control signals for controlling a peripheral circuit in response to a command input from the outside, and read and output the ROM data in response to a test mode enable signal in the test operation; a ROM data divider configured to divide and store the ROM data with a set data size, and sequentially output the stored divided data as main data and sub-data; a ROM data scanner configured to output a ROM data scanning signal by performing the scanning operation on the main data or the sub-data in response to a scan clock; and an output circuit configured to poll the ROM data scanning signal in an internal status output signal and output the polled signal as the status output signal. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the microcontroller further includes:
a test mode enabler configured to generate the test mode enable signal for enabling a test mode after a power-on reset operation, after a reset operation of the microcontroller, or when the test operation is requested from a host; and a clock period controller configured to generate the scan clock by controlling a micro clock with a set period. 5. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the control logic includes a main microcontroller and a sub-microcontroller. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the ROM data divider includes:
a main ROM data divider configured to receive the ROM data stored in the main microcontroller in the test operation, and divide and store the received ROM data according to a set data division size; and a sub-ROM data divider configured to receive sub-ROM data stored in the sub-microcontroller in the test operation, and divide and store the received sub-ROM data according to the set data division size. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the main ROM data divider includes a plurality of registers,
wherein the ROM data respectively divided and stored in the plurality of registers are sequentially selected in response to a scan state signal and are output as the main data. 8. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the sub-ROM data divider includes a plurality of registers,
wherein the sub-ROM data respectively divided and stored in the plurality of registers are sequentially selected in response to a scan state signal and are output as the sub-data. 9. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the ROM data scanner performs the scanning operation, using a CRC32 code. | 2,400 |
341,789 | 16,802,119 | 2,469 | In an information processing device, a first acquisition portion acquires a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle. A second acquisition portion acquires information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle. A derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point. A permission portion permits a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | 1. An information processing device comprising:
a first acquisition portion configured to acquire a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a second acquisition portion configured to acquire information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a derivation portion configured to derive an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a permission portion configured to permit a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a third acquisition portion configured to, when a start time and a start point of a next usage reservation are set for the automatic driving vehicle, acquire a first arrival time limit at the usage end point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time, wherein, when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, the permission portion permits the drop-in at the side trip point. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth acquisition portion configured to acquire a second arrival time limit at the side trip point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time without passing through the usage end point, wherein:
the derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the side trip point; and in a case where the expected time of arrival at the usage end point exceeds the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, when the expected time of arrival at the side trip point is before the second arrival time limit at the side trip point, the permission portion permits a change of the usage end point to the side trip point. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a supply portion configured to, when the change of the usage end point to the side trip point is permitted, supply, to a user boarding the automatic driving vehicle, information about transportation from the side trip point to an original usage end point. 5. An information processing method comprising:
a step of acquiring a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a step of acquiring a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a step of deriving an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a step of permitting a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | In an information processing device, a first acquisition portion acquires a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle. A second acquisition portion acquires information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle. A derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point. A permission portion permits a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time.1. An information processing device comprising:
a first acquisition portion configured to acquire a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a second acquisition portion configured to acquire information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a derivation portion configured to derive an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a permission portion configured to permit a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a third acquisition portion configured to, when a start time and a start point of a next usage reservation are set for the automatic driving vehicle, acquire a first arrival time limit at the usage end point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time, wherein, when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, the permission portion permits the drop-in at the side trip point. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth acquisition portion configured to acquire a second arrival time limit at the side trip point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time without passing through the usage end point, wherein:
the derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the side trip point; and in a case where the expected time of arrival at the usage end point exceeds the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, when the expected time of arrival at the side trip point is before the second arrival time limit at the side trip point, the permission portion permits a change of the usage end point to the side trip point. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a supply portion configured to, when the change of the usage end point to the side trip point is permitted, supply, to a user boarding the automatic driving vehicle, information about transportation from the side trip point to an original usage end point. 5. An information processing method comprising:
a step of acquiring a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a step of acquiring a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a step of deriving an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a step of permitting a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | 2,400 |
341,790 | 16,802,117 | 2,469 | In an information processing device, a first acquisition portion acquires a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle. A second acquisition portion acquires information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle. A derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point. A permission portion permits a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | 1. An information processing device comprising:
a first acquisition portion configured to acquire a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a second acquisition portion configured to acquire information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a derivation portion configured to derive an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a permission portion configured to permit a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a third acquisition portion configured to, when a start time and a start point of a next usage reservation are set for the automatic driving vehicle, acquire a first arrival time limit at the usage end point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time, wherein, when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, the permission portion permits the drop-in at the side trip point. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth acquisition portion configured to acquire a second arrival time limit at the side trip point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time without passing through the usage end point, wherein:
the derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the side trip point; and in a case where the expected time of arrival at the usage end point exceeds the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, when the expected time of arrival at the side trip point is before the second arrival time limit at the side trip point, the permission portion permits a change of the usage end point to the side trip point. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a supply portion configured to, when the change of the usage end point to the side trip point is permitted, supply, to a user boarding the automatic driving vehicle, information about transportation from the side trip point to an original usage end point. 5. An information processing method comprising:
a step of acquiring a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a step of acquiring a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a step of deriving an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a step of permitting a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | In an information processing device, a first acquisition portion acquires a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle. A second acquisition portion acquires information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle. A derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point. A permission portion permits a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time.1. An information processing device comprising:
a first acquisition portion configured to acquire a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a second acquisition portion configured to acquire information about a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a derivation portion configured to derive an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a permission portion configured to permit a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a third acquisition portion configured to, when a start time and a start point of a next usage reservation are set for the automatic driving vehicle, acquire a first arrival time limit at the usage end point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time, wherein, when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, the permission portion permits the drop-in at the side trip point. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a fourth acquisition portion configured to acquire a second arrival time limit at the side trip point for the automatic driving vehicle to arrive at the start point for the next usage by the start time without passing through the usage end point, wherein:
the derivation portion derives an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the side trip point; and in a case where the expected time of arrival at the usage end point exceeds the first arrival time limit at the usage end point, when the expected time of arrival at the side trip point is before the second arrival time limit at the side trip point, the permission portion permits a change of the usage end point to the side trip point. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a supply portion configured to, when the change of the usage end point to the side trip point is permitted, supply, to a user boarding the automatic driving vehicle, information about transportation from the side trip point to an original usage end point. 5. An information processing method comprising:
a step of acquiring a usage end time and a usage end point of an automatic driving vehicle; a step of acquiring a side trip point of the automatic driving vehicle; a step of deriving an expected time of arrival of the automatic driving vehicle at the usage end point by way of the side trip point; and a step of permitting a drop-in at the side trip point when the expected time of arrival at the usage end point is before the usage end time. | 2,400 |
341,791 | 16,802,112 | 2,469 | Multi-dimensional data can be mapped to a projection shape and converted for image analysis. In some examples, the multi-dimensional data may include data captured by a LIDAR system for use in conjunction with a perception system for an autonomous vehicle. Converting operations can include converting three-dimensional LIDAR data to multi-channel two-dimensional data. Data points of the multi-dimensional data can be mapped to a projection shape, such as a sphere. Characteristics of the projection shape may include a shape, a field of view, a resolution, and a projection type. After data is mapped to the projection shape, the projection shape can be converted to a multi-channel, two-dimensional image. Image segmentation and classification may be performed on the two-dimensional data. Further, segmentation information may be used to segment the three-dimensional LIDAR data, while a rendering plane may be positioned relative to the segmented data to perform classification on a per-object basis. | 1. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured by a lidar sensor, the lidar sensor associated with a first perspective;
positioning a rendering plane relative to the three-dimensional data, wherein an orientation of the rendering plane is associated with a second perspective;
projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane; and
performing classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of an object represented in the projected data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object. 4. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the projected data is represented as an individual channel of a multi-channel image. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
inputting the projected data to a machine learned model. 8. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. 9. A method comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured with respect to a first perspective; projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data relative to a rendering plane having an orientation associated with a second perspective; and performing at least one of:
segmentation on the projected data to determine segmentation information associated with an object represented in the projected data; or
classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of the object represented in the projected data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising at least one of:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object; or receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the projected data is represented as an individual channel of a multi-channel image, the method further comprising:
inputting the multi-channel image to a machine learned model. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions executable by a processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured with respect to a first perspective; projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data relative to a rendering plane having an orientation associated with a second perspective; and performing at least one of:
segmentation on the projected data to determine segmentation information associated with an object represented in the projected data; or
classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of the object represented in the projected data. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising at least one of:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object; or receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
inputting the projected data to a machine learned model. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. | Multi-dimensional data can be mapped to a projection shape and converted for image analysis. In some examples, the multi-dimensional data may include data captured by a LIDAR system for use in conjunction with a perception system for an autonomous vehicle. Converting operations can include converting three-dimensional LIDAR data to multi-channel two-dimensional data. Data points of the multi-dimensional data can be mapped to a projection shape, such as a sphere. Characteristics of the projection shape may include a shape, a field of view, a resolution, and a projection type. After data is mapped to the projection shape, the projection shape can be converted to a multi-channel, two-dimensional image. Image segmentation and classification may be performed on the two-dimensional data. Further, segmentation information may be used to segment the three-dimensional LIDAR data, while a rendering plane may be positioned relative to the segmented data to perform classification on a per-object basis.1. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured by a lidar sensor, the lidar sensor associated with a first perspective;
positioning a rendering plane relative to the three-dimensional data, wherein an orientation of the rendering plane is associated with a second perspective;
projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane; and
performing classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of an object represented in the projected data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object. 4. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the projected data is represented as an individual channel of a multi-channel image. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
inputting the projected data to a machine learned model. 8. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. 9. A method comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured with respect to a first perspective; projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data relative to a rendering plane having an orientation associated with a second perspective; and performing at least one of:
segmentation on the projected data to determine segmentation information associated with an object represented in the projected data; or
classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of the object represented in the projected data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising at least one of:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object; or receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the projected data is represented as an individual channel of a multi-channel image, the method further comprising:
inputting the multi-channel image to a machine learned model. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions executable by a processor, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving three-dimensional data captured with respect to a first perspective; projecting, as projected data, at least a portion of the three-dimensional data relative to a rendering plane having an orientation associated with a second perspective; and performing at least one of:
segmentation on the projected data to determine segmentation information associated with an object represented in the projected data; or
classification on the projected data to determine an object classification of the object represented in the projected data. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein:
the second perspective is a top-down perspective of an environment associated with the three-dimensional data; and the projected data is represented as two-dimensional data. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising at least one of:
performing segmentation on the projected data to determine a segmentation identifier associated with the object; or receiving segmentation information associated with the three-dimensional data, wherein projecting the three-dimensional data onto the rendering plane is based at least in part on the segmentation information. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
determining, based at least in part on the object classification and the projected data, a trajectory for an autonomous vehicle; and controlling the autonomous vehicle based at least in part on the trajectory. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
inputting the projected data to a machine learned model. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
associating a bounding box with the projected data. | 2,400 |
341,792 | 16,802,146 | 2,469 | A resonator element includes a quartz crystal substrate including a supporting section, a resonating section, and a coupling section coupling the supporting section and the resonating section and having thickness smaller than the thickness of the supporting section, the supporting section including a first principal plane and a first side surface coupling the first principal plane and the coupling section, a first excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section, a second excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section and overlapping the first excitation electrode via the resonating section, and first and second pad electrodes including portions disposed on the first principal plane, the first and second pad electrodes being electrically coupled to the first and second excitation electrodes. | 1. A resonator element comprising:
a quartz crystal substrate including a supporting section, a resonating section, and a coupling section coupling the supporting section and the resonating section and having thickness smaller than thickness of the supporting section, the supporting section including a first principal plane orthogonal to a direction of the thickness and a first side surface coupling the first principal plane and the coupling section; a first excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section; a second excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section and overlapping the first excitation electrode via the resonating section in a plan view; a first pad electrode including a portion disposed on the first principal plane, the first pad electrode being electrically coupled to the first excitation electrode; and a second pad electrode including a portion disposed on the first principal plane, the second pad electrode being electrically coupled to the second excitation electrode, wherein a portion disposed on the first principal plane of at least one of the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode is separated from at least a part of an outer edge of the first principal plane coupled to the first side surface. 2. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein the entire portion disposed on the first principal plane of at least one of the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode is separated from the outer edge of the first principal plane. 3. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting section includes a first supporting section in which the first pad electrode is disposed and a second supporting section separated from the first supporting section, the second pad electrode being disposed in the second supporting section, and the coupling section includes a portion located between the first supporting section and the second supporting section and couples the first supporting section and the second supporting section. 4. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting section further includes a second principal plane that is in a front-rear relation with the first principal plane and a second side surface coupling the first principal plane and the second principal plane and configuring an outer side surface of the quartz crystal substrate, and the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode respectively include a first portion disposed on the first principal plane, a second portion disposed on the second principal plane, and a third portion disposed on the second side surface and coupling the first portion and the second portion. 5. A resonator device comprising:
the resonator element according to claim 1; and a package configured to house the resonator element. 6. An oscillator comprising:
the resonator element according to claim 1; and an oscillation circuit configured to cause the resonator element to oscillate. 7. An electronic device comprising:
the oscillator according to claim 6; and an arithmetic processing circuit configured to operate based on an oscillation signal output from the oscillator. 8. A vehicle comprising:
the oscillator according to claim 6; and an arithmetic processing circuit configured to operate based on an oscillation signal output from the oscillator. | A resonator element includes a quartz crystal substrate including a supporting section, a resonating section, and a coupling section coupling the supporting section and the resonating section and having thickness smaller than the thickness of the supporting section, the supporting section including a first principal plane and a first side surface coupling the first principal plane and the coupling section, a first excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section, a second excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section and overlapping the first excitation electrode via the resonating section, and first and second pad electrodes including portions disposed on the first principal plane, the first and second pad electrodes being electrically coupled to the first and second excitation electrodes.1. A resonator element comprising:
a quartz crystal substrate including a supporting section, a resonating section, and a coupling section coupling the supporting section and the resonating section and having thickness smaller than thickness of the supporting section, the supporting section including a first principal plane orthogonal to a direction of the thickness and a first side surface coupling the first principal plane and the coupling section; a first excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section; a second excitation electrode disposed in the resonating section and overlapping the first excitation electrode via the resonating section in a plan view; a first pad electrode including a portion disposed on the first principal plane, the first pad electrode being electrically coupled to the first excitation electrode; and a second pad electrode including a portion disposed on the first principal plane, the second pad electrode being electrically coupled to the second excitation electrode, wherein a portion disposed on the first principal plane of at least one of the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode is separated from at least a part of an outer edge of the first principal plane coupled to the first side surface. 2. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein the entire portion disposed on the first principal plane of at least one of the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode is separated from the outer edge of the first principal plane. 3. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting section includes a first supporting section in which the first pad electrode is disposed and a second supporting section separated from the first supporting section, the second pad electrode being disposed in the second supporting section, and the coupling section includes a portion located between the first supporting section and the second supporting section and couples the first supporting section and the second supporting section. 4. The resonator element according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting section further includes a second principal plane that is in a front-rear relation with the first principal plane and a second side surface coupling the first principal plane and the second principal plane and configuring an outer side surface of the quartz crystal substrate, and the first pad electrode and the second pad electrode respectively include a first portion disposed on the first principal plane, a second portion disposed on the second principal plane, and a third portion disposed on the second side surface and coupling the first portion and the second portion. 5. A resonator device comprising:
the resonator element according to claim 1; and a package configured to house the resonator element. 6. An oscillator comprising:
the resonator element according to claim 1; and an oscillation circuit configured to cause the resonator element to oscillate. 7. An electronic device comprising:
the oscillator according to claim 6; and an arithmetic processing circuit configured to operate based on an oscillation signal output from the oscillator. 8. A vehicle comprising:
the oscillator according to claim 6; and an arithmetic processing circuit configured to operate based on an oscillation signal output from the oscillator. | 2,400 |
341,793 | 16,802,155 | 2,469 | Embodiments of this application provide a base station to which a communication processing method using a relay is applied. A control plane protocol layer includes an RRC layer and a PDCP layer that are respectively peering to those of a terminal; and the control plane protocol layer further includes an adaptation layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer that are respectively peering to those of the relay. Via the base station including the control plane protocol layer, information about the RRC layer and the PDCP layer of the terminal does not need to be parsed in the relay, thereby reducing complexity of implementing the relay. | 1. A relay, comprising:
a user plane protocol layer including an adaptation layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer, wherein: an interface between the relay and a terminal includes the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the PHY layer that are respectively peering to the terminal; and an interface between the relay and a base station and includes the adaptation layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the PHY layer that are respectively peering to the base station. 2. The relay according to claim 1, wherein:
in an uplink transmission from the relay to the base station, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to an uplink data packet; adding indication information to the uplink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay; or mapping the uplink data packet to a DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station. 3. The relay according to claim 1, wherein
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: identifying, based on indication information carried by a downlink data packet, a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the terminal; or identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by the downlink data packet, an identifier of the terminal associated with the downlink data packet. 4. The relay according to claim 1, wherein
in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the adaptation layer is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations: mapping an uplink data packet transmitted on a first data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay to a second DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; and aggregating uplink data packets received from the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with uplink data packets received from another terminal and having a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated uplink data packets, and mapping the aggregated uplink data packets to the second DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 5. The relay according to claim 1, wherein:
in a downlink transmission between the base station and the relay, the adaptation layer is further configured to recover, from an aggregation packet transmitted on a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the base station, a downlink data packet associated with the terminal. 6. A base station, comprising:
a user plane protocol layer that includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer that are respectively peering to a terminal, wherein: the user plane protocol layer further comprises an adaptation layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer that are respectively peering to a relay. 7. The base station according to claim 6, wherein:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the terminal, the SDAP layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of a quality of service (QoS) flow to a downlink data packet; or mapping the downlink data packet to a data radio bearer (DRB) on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 8. The base station according to claim 6, wherein:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to the downlink data packet; or adding indication information to the downlink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and the data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay. 9. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations:
mapping a downlink data packet to a DRB on an interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; or aggregating downlink data packets associated with the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with downlink data packets associated with another terminal and that have a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated downlink data packets, and mapping the aggregated downlink data packets to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 10. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in an uplink transmission between the terminal and the base station, the SDAP layer is configured to:
identify, based on a quality of service (QoS) flow identifier carried by an uplink data packet, a QoS flow associated with an uplink data packet. 11. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations:
identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by an uplink data packet, the terminal associated with the uplink data packet; or identifying, based on indication information carried by the uplink data packet, a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the terminal, and delivering the uplink data packet to the PDCP layer for processing. 12. A communication processing method, applied to a base station comprising a user plane protocol layer, wherein the user plane protocol layer comprises a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer that are respectively peering to a terminal; and the user plane protocol layer further comprises an adaptation layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control MAC layer, and a physical (PHY) layer that are respectively peering to a relay, wherein the method comprises:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the terminal, obtaining, by the base station, a downlink data packet associated with the terminal; processing the downlink data packet by the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, and the adaptation layer to generate a processed downlink data packet; and sending the processed downlink data packet to the relay on a data radio bearer (DRB) on an interface between the base station and the relay. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the processing performed on the downlink data packet by the SDAP layer comprises at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of a quality of service (QoS) flow to the downlink data packet; or mapping the downlink data packet to a DRB on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 14. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the processing performed on the downlink data packet by the adaptation layer comprises at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to the downlink data packet; or adding indication information to the downlink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and a DRB on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein
in the downlink transmission, the base station further performs at least one of the following operations by the adaptation layer: mapping the downlink data packet to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; or aggregating downlink data packets associated with the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with downlink data packets associated with another terminal and that have a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated downlink data packets, and mapping the aggregated downlink data packets to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the processing performed by the base station on an uplink data packet by the SDAP layer comprises at least the following operation:
identifying, based on a quality of service (QoS) flow identifier carried by the uplink data packet, a QoS flow associated with the uplink data packet. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the processing performed by the base station on an uplink data packet by the adaptation layer comprises at least one of the following operations:
identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by the uplink data packet, a corresponding terminal associated with the uplink data packet; or identifying, based on indication information carried by the uplink data packet, a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a DRB on an interface between the relay and the terminal, and delivering the uplink data packet to the PDCP layer corresponding to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the terminal for processing. | Embodiments of this application provide a base station to which a communication processing method using a relay is applied. A control plane protocol layer includes an RRC layer and a PDCP layer that are respectively peering to those of a terminal; and the control plane protocol layer further includes an adaptation layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer that are respectively peering to those of the relay. Via the base station including the control plane protocol layer, information about the RRC layer and the PDCP layer of the terminal does not need to be parsed in the relay, thereby reducing complexity of implementing the relay.1. A relay, comprising:
a user plane protocol layer including an adaptation layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer, wherein: an interface between the relay and a terminal includes the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the PHY layer that are respectively peering to the terminal; and an interface between the relay and a base station and includes the adaptation layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the PHY layer that are respectively peering to the base station. 2. The relay according to claim 1, wherein:
in an uplink transmission from the relay to the base station, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to an uplink data packet; adding indication information to the uplink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay; or mapping the uplink data packet to a DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station. 3. The relay according to claim 1, wherein
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: identifying, based on indication information carried by a downlink data packet, a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the terminal; or identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by the downlink data packet, an identifier of the terminal associated with the downlink data packet. 4. The relay according to claim 1, wherein
in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the adaptation layer is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations: mapping an uplink data packet transmitted on a first data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay to a second DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; and aggregating uplink data packets received from the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with uplink data packets received from another terminal and having a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated uplink data packets, and mapping the aggregated uplink data packets to the second DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 5. The relay according to claim 1, wherein:
in a downlink transmission between the base station and the relay, the adaptation layer is further configured to recover, from an aggregation packet transmitted on a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the base station, a downlink data packet associated with the terminal. 6. A base station, comprising:
a user plane protocol layer that includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer that are respectively peering to a terminal, wherein: the user plane protocol layer further comprises an adaptation layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and a PHY layer that are respectively peering to a relay. 7. The base station according to claim 6, wherein:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the terminal, the SDAP layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of a quality of service (QoS) flow to a downlink data packet; or mapping the downlink data packet to a data radio bearer (DRB) on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 8. The base station according to claim 6, wherein:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to the downlink data packet; or adding indication information to the downlink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and the data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the terminal and the relay. 9. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in a downlink transmission from the base station to the relay, the adaptation layer is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations:
mapping a downlink data packet to a DRB on an interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; or aggregating downlink data packets associated with the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with downlink data packets associated with another terminal and that have a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated downlink data packets, and mapping the aggregated downlink data packets to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 10. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in an uplink transmission between the terminal and the base station, the SDAP layer is configured to:
identify, based on a quality of service (QoS) flow identifier carried by an uplink data packet, a QoS flow associated with an uplink data packet. 11. The base station according to claim 6, wherein, in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the adaptation layer is configured to perform at least one of the following operations:
identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by an uplink data packet, the terminal associated with the uplink data packet; or identifying, based on indication information carried by the uplink data packet, a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a data radio bearer (DRB) on the interface between the relay and the terminal, and delivering the uplink data packet to the PDCP layer for processing. 12. A communication processing method, applied to a base station comprising a user plane protocol layer, wherein the user plane protocol layer comprises a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer that are respectively peering to a terminal; and the user plane protocol layer further comprises an adaptation layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a media access control MAC layer, and a physical (PHY) layer that are respectively peering to a relay, wherein the method comprises:
in a downlink transmission from the base station to the terminal, obtaining, by the base station, a downlink data packet associated with the terminal; processing the downlink data packet by the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, and the adaptation layer to generate a processed downlink data packet; and sending the processed downlink data packet to the relay on a data radio bearer (DRB) on an interface between the base station and the relay. 13. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the processing performed on the downlink data packet by the SDAP layer comprises at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of a quality of service (QoS) flow to the downlink data packet; or mapping the downlink data packet to a DRB on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 14. The method according to claim 12,
wherein the processing performed on the downlink data packet by the adaptation layer comprises at least one of the following operations: adding an identifier of the terminal to the downlink data packet; or adding indication information to the downlink data packet, wherein the indication information indicates a mapping relationship between the downlink data packet and a DRB on an interface between the terminal and the relay. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein
in the downlink transmission, the base station further performs at least one of the following operations by the adaptation layer: mapping the downlink data packet to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission; or aggregating downlink data packets associated with the terminal and having a first quality of service (QoS) with downlink data packets associated with another terminal and that have a same QoS as the first QoS to generate aggregated downlink data packets, and mapping the aggregated downlink data packets to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the base station for transmission. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the processing performed by the base station on an uplink data packet by the SDAP layer comprises at least the following operation:
identifying, based on a quality of service (QoS) flow identifier carried by the uplink data packet, a QoS flow associated with the uplink data packet. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein in an uplink transmission between the relay and the base station, the processing performed by the base station on an uplink data packet by the adaptation layer comprises at least one of the following operations:
identifying, based on a terminal identifier carried by the uplink data packet, a corresponding terminal associated with the uplink data packet; or identifying, based on indication information carried by the uplink data packet, a mapping relationship between the uplink data packet and a DRB on an interface between the relay and the terminal, and delivering the uplink data packet to the PDCP layer corresponding to the DRB on the interface between the relay and the terminal for processing. | 2,400 |
341,794 | 16,802,145 | 2,469 | Disclosed herein are structures, devices, methods and systems for providing haptic output on an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device includes an actuator configured to move in a first direction. The electronic device also includes a substrate coupled to the actuator. When the actuator moves in the first direction, the substrate or a portion of the substrate, by virtue of being coupled to the actuator, moves in a second direction. In some implementations, the movement of the substrate is perpendicular to the movement of the actuator. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; a housing pivotally coupled with the display portion and defining an input surface of the electronic device, the input surface defining a keyboard having a set of key regions arranged along the input surface; and a haptic mechanism positioned beneath a key region of the set of key regions and comprising:
a substrate defining a beam structure;
a spacer positioned along a first side of the beam structure and between the substrate and the key region; and
a piezoelectric element positioned along a second side of the beam structure; 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the housing comprises a cover glass defining the input surface; and the haptic mechanism is positioned beneath the cover glass. 23. The electronic device of claim 22, wherein the spacer couples the substrate to the cover glass. 24. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the beam structure is formed from the substrate by a pair of elongated apertures that each extend through the substrate. 25. The electronic device of claim 24, wherein the key region is located above a portion of the substrate that is between the pair of elongated apertures. 26. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the haptic mechanism is configured to detect the input at the key region of the input surface in response to a downward deflection of the beam structure caused by the input. 27. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic output is a first haptic output that results from the beam structure being deflected in a first direction; and the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect the beam structure in a second direction to provide a second haptic output along the input surface. 28. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic mechanism is a first haptic mechanism; the key region is a first key region; the haptic output is a first haptic output; and the electronic device further comprises a second haptic mechanism positioned beneath a second key region of the set of key regions; wherein: the first haptic mechanism provides the first haptic output at the first key region; and the second haptic mechanism provides a second haptic output at the second key region. 29. The electronic device of claim 28, wherein the first haptic mechanism is operable to deflect independently of the second haptic mechanism. 30. A portable computer comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; and a housing defining an interior volume and pivotally coupled with the display portion, the housing comprising:
a cover glass defining a touch-sensitive input surface defining a virtual keyboard;
a substrate positioned below the cover glass, the substrate defining a beam structure having a first surface facing the cover glass and a second surface facing the interior volume;
a spacer positioned between the first surface and the cover glass; and
a piezoelectric element coupled to the second surface and operable to cause the beam structure and a portion of the touch-sensitive input surface to deflect in response to a touch input to the virtual keyboard. 31. The portable computer of claim 30, wherein:
the virtual keyboard defines a key region; and the beam structure is positioned below the key region. 32. The portable computer of claim 31, wherein the beam structure is defined at least partially by first and second apertures extending through the substrate. 33. The portable computer of claim 32, wherein:
the first aperture is a first elongated aperture; the second aperture is a second elongated aperture; the first elongated aperture is parallel to the second elongated aperture; and the key region is positioned above a portion of the substrate that is between the first and second apertures. 34. The portable computer of claim 30, wherein:
a length of the piezoelectric element is configured to change in response to receiving the touch input; and in response to the length of the piezoelectric element changing, the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect in a second direction that is transverse to the length of the piezoelectric element. 35. The portable computer of claim 34, wherein:
the piezoelectric element is a first piezoelectric element; the housing further comprises a set of piezoelectric elements; the virtual keyboard defines a set of key regions; and each piezoelectric element of the set of piezoelectric elements is positioned under a respective key region of the set of key regions. 36. An electronic device comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; and a housing pivotally coupled with the display portion, the housing comprising:
a cover glass defining a first key region and a second key region adjacent the first key region;
a substrate defining:
a first deflection mechanism below the first key region;
a first opening extending through the substrate along a first side of the first deflection mechanism; and
a second deflection mechanism below the second key region, separated from the first deflection mechanism by the first opening;
a first piezoelectric element coupled to the first deflection mechanism; and
a second piezoelectric element coupled to the second deflection mechanism; 37. The electronic device of claim 36, further comprising:
a first spacer positioned between the first deflection mechanism and the first key region; and a second spacer positioned between the second deflection mechanism and the second key region. 38. The electronic device of claim 36, wherein the cover glass is operable to locally deflect in response to one or both of the first and second localized haptic outputs. 39. The electronic device of claim 36, wherein:
the substrate further defines a second opening extending through the substrate along a second side of the first deflection mechanism; and the first deflection mechanism defines a beam structure with fixed ends. 40. The electronic device of claim 39, wherein the first and second openings extend through the cover glass. | Disclosed herein are structures, devices, methods and systems for providing haptic output on an electronic device. In some embodiments, the electronic device includes an actuator configured to move in a first direction. The electronic device also includes a substrate coupled to the actuator. When the actuator moves in the first direction, the substrate or a portion of the substrate, by virtue of being coupled to the actuator, moves in a second direction. In some implementations, the movement of the substrate is perpendicular to the movement of the actuator.1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; a housing pivotally coupled with the display portion and defining an input surface of the electronic device, the input surface defining a keyboard having a set of key regions arranged along the input surface; and a haptic mechanism positioned beneath a key region of the set of key regions and comprising:
a substrate defining a beam structure;
a spacer positioned along a first side of the beam structure and between the substrate and the key region; and
a piezoelectric element positioned along a second side of the beam structure; 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the housing comprises a cover glass defining the input surface; and the haptic mechanism is positioned beneath the cover glass. 23. The electronic device of claim 22, wherein the spacer couples the substrate to the cover glass. 24. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the beam structure is formed from the substrate by a pair of elongated apertures that each extend through the substrate. 25. The electronic device of claim 24, wherein the key region is located above a portion of the substrate that is between the pair of elongated apertures. 26. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the haptic mechanism is configured to detect the input at the key region of the input surface in response to a downward deflection of the beam structure caused by the input. 27. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic output is a first haptic output that results from the beam structure being deflected in a first direction; and the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect the beam structure in a second direction to provide a second haptic output along the input surface. 28. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic mechanism is a first haptic mechanism; the key region is a first key region; the haptic output is a first haptic output; and the electronic device further comprises a second haptic mechanism positioned beneath a second key region of the set of key regions; wherein: the first haptic mechanism provides the first haptic output at the first key region; and the second haptic mechanism provides a second haptic output at the second key region. 29. The electronic device of claim 28, wherein the first haptic mechanism is operable to deflect independently of the second haptic mechanism. 30. A portable computer comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; and a housing defining an interior volume and pivotally coupled with the display portion, the housing comprising:
a cover glass defining a touch-sensitive input surface defining a virtual keyboard;
a substrate positioned below the cover glass, the substrate defining a beam structure having a first surface facing the cover glass and a second surface facing the interior volume;
a spacer positioned between the first surface and the cover glass; and
a piezoelectric element coupled to the second surface and operable to cause the beam structure and a portion of the touch-sensitive input surface to deflect in response to a touch input to the virtual keyboard. 31. The portable computer of claim 30, wherein:
the virtual keyboard defines a key region; and the beam structure is positioned below the key region. 32. The portable computer of claim 31, wherein the beam structure is defined at least partially by first and second apertures extending through the substrate. 33. The portable computer of claim 32, wherein:
the first aperture is a first elongated aperture; the second aperture is a second elongated aperture; the first elongated aperture is parallel to the second elongated aperture; and the key region is positioned above a portion of the substrate that is between the first and second apertures. 34. The portable computer of claim 30, wherein:
a length of the piezoelectric element is configured to change in response to receiving the touch input; and in response to the length of the piezoelectric element changing, the piezoelectric element is configured to deflect in a second direction that is transverse to the length of the piezoelectric element. 35. The portable computer of claim 34, wherein:
the piezoelectric element is a first piezoelectric element; the housing further comprises a set of piezoelectric elements; the virtual keyboard defines a set of key regions; and each piezoelectric element of the set of piezoelectric elements is positioned under a respective key region of the set of key regions. 36. An electronic device comprising:
a display portion comprising a display; and a housing pivotally coupled with the display portion, the housing comprising:
a cover glass defining a first key region and a second key region adjacent the first key region;
a substrate defining:
a first deflection mechanism below the first key region;
a first opening extending through the substrate along a first side of the first deflection mechanism; and
a second deflection mechanism below the second key region, separated from the first deflection mechanism by the first opening;
a first piezoelectric element coupled to the first deflection mechanism; and
a second piezoelectric element coupled to the second deflection mechanism; 37. The electronic device of claim 36, further comprising:
a first spacer positioned between the first deflection mechanism and the first key region; and a second spacer positioned between the second deflection mechanism and the second key region. 38. The electronic device of claim 36, wherein the cover glass is operable to locally deflect in response to one or both of the first and second localized haptic outputs. 39. The electronic device of claim 36, wherein:
the substrate further defines a second opening extending through the substrate along a second side of the first deflection mechanism; and the first deflection mechanism defines a beam structure with fixed ends. 40. The electronic device of claim 39, wherein the first and second openings extend through the cover glass. | 2,400 |
341,795 | 16,802,177 | 2,838 | A front-end module comprises a bias network including a current mirror, a junction temperature sensor, an n-bit analog-to-digital converter, an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions, and a power amplifier. The bias network, junction temperature sensor, n-bit analog-to-digital converter, n-bit current source bank, and power amplifier are integrated on a first semiconductor die. | 1. A front-end module comprising:
a bias network including a current mirror; a junction temperature sensor; an n-bit analog-to-digital converter; an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions; and a power amplifier; the bias network, junction temperature sensor, n-bit analog-to-digital converter, n-bit current source bank, and power amplifier being integrated on a first semiconductor die. 2. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the bias network includes a hybrid bias current topology of constant and proportional to square of temperature (PTAT2) current generators. 3. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the bias network includes a multi-stacked topology. 4. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 5. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide an output power of at least 22 dBm. 6. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 7. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide a gain flatness of less than 1 dB over a temperature range of −40° C. to 125° C. 8. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 9. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the n-bit current source bank is configured to set reference current levels for without feedback loops. 10. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the one or more temperature regions includes 2n+2 temperature regions. 11. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the n-bit current source bank is a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current source bank. 12. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the current mirror is a sub-threshold region current mirror. 13. A semiconductor die comprising:
a bias network including a current mirror; a junction temperature sensor; an n-bit analog-to-digital converter; an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions; and a power amplifier. 14. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the bias network includes a hybrid bias current topology of constant and proportional to square of temperature (PTAT2) current generators. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the bias network includes a multi-stacked topology. 16. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 17. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 18. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 19. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the n-bit current source bank is configured to set reference current levels for without feedback loops. 20. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the one or more temperature regions includes 2n+2 temperature regions. | A front-end module comprises a bias network including a current mirror, a junction temperature sensor, an n-bit analog-to-digital converter, an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions, and a power amplifier. The bias network, junction temperature sensor, n-bit analog-to-digital converter, n-bit current source bank, and power amplifier are integrated on a first semiconductor die.1. A front-end module comprising:
a bias network including a current mirror; a junction temperature sensor; an n-bit analog-to-digital converter; an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions; and a power amplifier; the bias network, junction temperature sensor, n-bit analog-to-digital converter, n-bit current source bank, and power amplifier being integrated on a first semiconductor die. 2. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the bias network includes a hybrid bias current topology of constant and proportional to square of temperature (PTAT2) current generators. 3. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the bias network includes a multi-stacked topology. 4. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 5. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide an output power of at least 22 dBm. 6. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 7. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide a gain flatness of less than 1 dB over a temperature range of −40° C. to 125° C. 8. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 9. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the n-bit current source bank is configured to set reference current levels for without feedback loops. 10. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the one or more temperature regions includes 2n+2 temperature regions. 11. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the n-bit current source bank is a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current source bank. 12. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the current mirror is a sub-threshold region current mirror. 13. A semiconductor die comprising:
a bias network including a current mirror; a junction temperature sensor; an n-bit analog-to-digital converter; an n-bit current source bank configured to automatically set reference current levels for one or more operating temperature regions; and a power amplifier. 14. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the bias network includes a hybrid bias current topology of constant and proportional to square of temperature (PTAT2) current generators. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the bias network includes a multi-stacked topology. 16. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 17. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 18. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 19. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the n-bit current source bank is configured to set reference current levels for without feedback loops. 20. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the one or more temperature regions includes 2n+2 temperature regions. | 2,800 |
341,796 | 16,802,159 | 2,838 | A display apparatus includes: a substrate that includes a display area, an opening area formed in the display area, and a non-display area that surrounds at least a portion of the opening area; a pixel defining area formed on the substrate and that includes at least one opening; an intermediate layer disposed on the at least one opening; an opposite electrode that covers the intermediate layer and the pixel defining layer; and a capping layer that covers the opposite electrode. An end portion of at least one of the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, or the capping layer is formed on the pixel defining layer and has a thickness that decreases away from the at least one opening. | 1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a substrate that includes a display area, an opening area in the display area, and a non-display area that surrounds at least a portion of the opening area; a pixel defining layer on the substrate and that includes at least one opening; an intermediate layer disposed in the at least one opening; an opposite electrode that covers the intermediate layer and the pixel defining layer; and a capping layer that covers the opposite electrode, wherein an end portion of at least one of the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, or the capping layer is disposed on the pixel defining layer and has a thickness that decreases away from the at least one opening. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least one of a first functional layer or a second functional layer. 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, and the capping layer are sequentially stacked on the pixel defining layer. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulation substrate disposed on and spaced above the substrate. 5. The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the capping layer. 6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein a penetration hole is formed in the opening area. 7. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming a pixel defining layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate includes an opening area and a non-display area that at least partially surrounds the opening area; forming a shielding unit that covers a portion of the pixel defining layer, the opening area and the non-display area; and forming an intermediate layer, an opposite electrode, and a capping layer on the pixel defining layer and the shielding unit. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein
the shielding unit comprises:
a first shielding unit that shields the opening area; and
a second shielding unit connected to the first shielding unit and spaced above an upper surface of the pixel defining layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first shielding unit and the second shielding unit are respectively formed at different heights. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the shielding unit further comprises an adhesion unit formed under the first shielding unit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the adhesion unit is formed in the non-display area. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising removing the shielding unit from the substrate. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming an encapsulation substrate above and apart from the substrate and attaching the encapsulation substrate to the substrate. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming a thin film encapsulation layer on the pixel defining layer. 15. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming a penetration hole in the substrate. 16. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming a pixel defining layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate includes an display area, opening area in the display area and a non-display area that at least partially surrounds the opening area; and attaching a shielding unit to the opening area or non-display area that shields a portion of the pixel defining layer, the opening area and the non-display area, wherein a portion of the shielding unit is spaced apart from the pixel defining layer, and wherein a first portion of the shielding unit is formed at a height that differs from a height of a second portion of the shielding unit. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming an intermediate layer, an opposite electrode, and a capping layer on the pixel defining layer and the shielding unit. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the shielding unit is attached to the display area or the non-display area. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein
the shielding unit is attached to the display area or the non-display area at a plurality of positions in the display area or the non-display area, wherein the plurality of positions are spaced apart from each other. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the shielding unit attached to the non-display area and covers the opening area. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising removing the shielding unit from the substrate. 22. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming an encapsulation substrate over the substrate that is spaced apart from the substrate and combining the encapsulation substrate with the substrate. 23. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming a thin film encapsulation layer on the pixel defining layer. 24. The method of claim 16, further comprising fora in g a penetration hole in the substrate. | A display apparatus includes: a substrate that includes a display area, an opening area formed in the display area, and a non-display area that surrounds at least a portion of the opening area; a pixel defining area formed on the substrate and that includes at least one opening; an intermediate layer disposed on the at least one opening; an opposite electrode that covers the intermediate layer and the pixel defining layer; and a capping layer that covers the opposite electrode. An end portion of at least one of the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, or the capping layer is formed on the pixel defining layer and has a thickness that decreases away from the at least one opening.1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a substrate that includes a display area, an opening area in the display area, and a non-display area that surrounds at least a portion of the opening area; a pixel defining layer on the substrate and that includes at least one opening; an intermediate layer disposed in the at least one opening; an opposite electrode that covers the intermediate layer and the pixel defining layer; and a capping layer that covers the opposite electrode, wherein an end portion of at least one of the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, or the capping layer is disposed on the pixel defining layer and has a thickness that decreases away from the at least one opening. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises at least one of a first functional layer or a second functional layer. 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer, the opposite electrode, and the capping layer are sequentially stacked on the pixel defining layer. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulation substrate disposed on and spaced above the substrate. 5. The display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the capping layer. 6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein a penetration hole is formed in the opening area. 7. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming a pixel defining layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate includes an opening area and a non-display area that at least partially surrounds the opening area; forming a shielding unit that covers a portion of the pixel defining layer, the opening area and the non-display area; and forming an intermediate layer, an opposite electrode, and a capping layer on the pixel defining layer and the shielding unit. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein
the shielding unit comprises:
a first shielding unit that shields the opening area; and
a second shielding unit connected to the first shielding unit and spaced above an upper surface of the pixel defining layer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first shielding unit and the second shielding unit are respectively formed at different heights. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the shielding unit further comprises an adhesion unit formed under the first shielding unit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the adhesion unit is formed in the non-display area. 12. The method of claim 7, further comprising removing the shielding unit from the substrate. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming an encapsulation substrate above and apart from the substrate and attaching the encapsulation substrate to the substrate. 14. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming a thin film encapsulation layer on the pixel defining layer. 15. The method of claim 7, further comprising forming a penetration hole in the substrate. 16. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming a pixel defining layer on a substrate, wherein the substrate includes an display area, opening area in the display area and a non-display area that at least partially surrounds the opening area; and attaching a shielding unit to the opening area or non-display area that shields a portion of the pixel defining layer, the opening area and the non-display area, wherein a portion of the shielding unit is spaced apart from the pixel defining layer, and wherein a first portion of the shielding unit is formed at a height that differs from a height of a second portion of the shielding unit. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming an intermediate layer, an opposite electrode, and a capping layer on the pixel defining layer and the shielding unit. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the shielding unit is attached to the display area or the non-display area. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein
the shielding unit is attached to the display area or the non-display area at a plurality of positions in the display area or the non-display area, wherein the plurality of positions are spaced apart from each other. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the shielding unit attached to the non-display area and covers the opening area. 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising removing the shielding unit from the substrate. 22. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming an encapsulation substrate over the substrate that is spaced apart from the substrate and combining the encapsulation substrate with the substrate. 23. The method of claim 16, further comprising forming a thin film encapsulation layer on the pixel defining layer. 24. The method of claim 16, further comprising fora in g a penetration hole in the substrate. | 2,800 |
341,797 | 16,802,179 | 2,838 | Methods and devices for quantifying creatinine in a test sample are provided. The test sample is contacted with a sensing composition to obtain a product comprising a hydantoin-transition metal complex and ammonia. The sensing composition comprises creatinine deaminase and a transition metal salt. The creatinine deaminase enzymatically reacts with creatinine to provide the N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia. The N-methyl hydantoin forms the hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt. A potential difference is applied to the product to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex. Concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is obtained based on the measured current signal using a calibration equation. The concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is correlated with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample. | 1. A device for quantification of creatinine in a test sample, the device comprising:
a counter electrode; a reference electrode; a working electrode; a sensing composition for contacting with the test sample, the sensing composition comprising creatinine deaminase, transition metal salt, and a redox mediator, wherein the creatinine deaminase is to enzymatically react with creatinine to form N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia, wherein the N-methyl hydantoin is to form a hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt; a voltage source coupled to the counter electrode, the reference electrode, and the working electrode to apply a potential difference across the counter electrode and the working electrode in contact with the hydantoin-transition metal complex; and a current sensor to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex on application of the potential difference, wherein the measured current signal is usable to obtain a concentration of N-methyl hydantoin, and wherein the concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is correlated with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample. 2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a reservoir, and wherein the sensing composition is provided in a solution in the reservoir. 3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is an electrochemical cell and wherein the sensing composition is coated on the working electrode of the electrochemical cell. 4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is a screen-printed electrode (SPE), wherein the working electrode is coated with a filtration membrane to filter interfering molecules from the test sample. 5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the working electrode of the SPE comprises a coating of the sensing composition and a coating of the filtration membrane provided over the sensing composition. 6. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sensing composition is provided in a solution in contact with the working electrode. 7. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filtration membrane is one of: a size selective filtration membrane, a charge specific filtration membrane, and combination thereof. 8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the size selective filtration membrane is polystyrene beads, wherein a size of the polystyrene beads is in a range of 30-100 nanometers. 9. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the charge specific filtration membrane is a negatively charged polymer. 10. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the negatively charged polymer is a sulphonated polymer. 11. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage source is to apply a varying potential difference across the counter electrode and the working electrode (202) in contact with the hydantoin-transition metal complex. 12. A method for quantifying creatinine in a test sample, the method comprising:
contacting the test sample with a sensing composition to obtain a product comprising a hydantoin-transition metal complex and ammonia, wherein the sensing composition comprises creatinine deaminase and a transition metal salt, wherein the creatinine deaminase enzymatically reacts with creatinine to provide the N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia, wherein the N-methyl hydantoin forms the hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt; applying a potential difference to the product to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex; obtaining concentration of N-methyl hydantoin based on the measured current signal using a calibration equation; and correlating the concentration of N-methyl hydantoin with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition in a reservoir of an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising: a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. 14. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition as a coating on a working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE). 15. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition in a solution and contacting the solution with a working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE). 16. The method as claimed in claim 15 comprising providing a filtration membrane coating on the working electrode. 17. A sensing composition for quantifying creatinine in a test sample, the sensing composition comprising creatinine deaminase, a transition metal salt, and a redox mediator. 18. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the sensing composition comprises:
the creatinine deaminase in a range of 0.3 μmol/min to 1 μmol/min; the transition metal salt in a range of 0.4%-0.1% wt/volume of a reaction volume comprising the test sample; and the redox mediator in a range of 0.002 to 0.005 wt/volume of the reaction volume comprising the test sample. 19. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the transition metal salt is selected from salts having cations selected from the group consisting of: iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, and combination thereof. 20. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the redox mediator is methylene blue. | Methods and devices for quantifying creatinine in a test sample are provided. The test sample is contacted with a sensing composition to obtain a product comprising a hydantoin-transition metal complex and ammonia. The sensing composition comprises creatinine deaminase and a transition metal salt. The creatinine deaminase enzymatically reacts with creatinine to provide the N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia. The N-methyl hydantoin forms the hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt. A potential difference is applied to the product to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex. Concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is obtained based on the measured current signal using a calibration equation. The concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is correlated with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample.1. A device for quantification of creatinine in a test sample, the device comprising:
a counter electrode; a reference electrode; a working electrode; a sensing composition for contacting with the test sample, the sensing composition comprising creatinine deaminase, transition metal salt, and a redox mediator, wherein the creatinine deaminase is to enzymatically react with creatinine to form N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia, wherein the N-methyl hydantoin is to form a hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt; a voltage source coupled to the counter electrode, the reference electrode, and the working electrode to apply a potential difference across the counter electrode and the working electrode in contact with the hydantoin-transition metal complex; and a current sensor to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex on application of the potential difference, wherein the measured current signal is usable to obtain a concentration of N-methyl hydantoin, and wherein the concentration of N-methyl hydantoin is correlated with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample. 2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a reservoir, and wherein the sensing composition is provided in a solution in the reservoir. 3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is an electrochemical cell and wherein the sensing composition is coated on the working electrode of the electrochemical cell. 4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is a screen-printed electrode (SPE), wherein the working electrode is coated with a filtration membrane to filter interfering molecules from the test sample. 5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the working electrode of the SPE comprises a coating of the sensing composition and a coating of the filtration membrane provided over the sensing composition. 6. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sensing composition is provided in a solution in contact with the working electrode. 7. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filtration membrane is one of: a size selective filtration membrane, a charge specific filtration membrane, and combination thereof. 8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the size selective filtration membrane is polystyrene beads, wherein a size of the polystyrene beads is in a range of 30-100 nanometers. 9. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the charge specific filtration membrane is a negatively charged polymer. 10. The device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the negatively charged polymer is a sulphonated polymer. 11. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage source is to apply a varying potential difference across the counter electrode and the working electrode (202) in contact with the hydantoin-transition metal complex. 12. A method for quantifying creatinine in a test sample, the method comprising:
contacting the test sample with a sensing composition to obtain a product comprising a hydantoin-transition metal complex and ammonia, wherein the sensing composition comprises creatinine deaminase and a transition metal salt, wherein the creatinine deaminase enzymatically reacts with creatinine to provide the N-methyl hydantoin and ammonia, wherein the N-methyl hydantoin forms the hydantoin-transition metal complex with the transition salt; applying a potential difference to the product to measure a current signal provided by the hydantoin-transition metal complex; obtaining concentration of N-methyl hydantoin based on the measured current signal using a calibration equation; and correlating the concentration of N-methyl hydantoin with concentration of creatinine to quantify the creatinine in the test sample. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition in a reservoir of an electrochemical cell, the electrochemical cell comprising: a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. 14. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition as a coating on a working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE). 15. The method as claimed in claim 12 comprising providing the sensing composition in a solution and contacting the solution with a working electrode of a screen-printed electrode (SPE). 16. The method as claimed in claim 15 comprising providing a filtration membrane coating on the working electrode. 17. A sensing composition for quantifying creatinine in a test sample, the sensing composition comprising creatinine deaminase, a transition metal salt, and a redox mediator. 18. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the sensing composition comprises:
the creatinine deaminase in a range of 0.3 μmol/min to 1 μmol/min; the transition metal salt in a range of 0.4%-0.1% wt/volume of a reaction volume comprising the test sample; and the redox mediator in a range of 0.002 to 0.005 wt/volume of the reaction volume comprising the test sample. 19. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the transition metal salt is selected from salts having cations selected from the group consisting of: iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, and combination thereof. 20. The sensing composition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the redox mediator is methylene blue. | 2,800 |
341,798 | 16,802,165 | 2,838 | A knitting yarn used for forming a knitted product without using any knitting tools, such as crochet hooks or knitting needles. The knitting yarn includes a core thread having a length dimension and a plurality of loops affixed to the core thread, at least a first thread and at least a second thread having different structural and/or physical properties than each other; and the loops of the knitting yarn are made of the first thread, and the core thread is made of the second thread. | 1. A method for forming a knitted product from knitting yarn comprising the steps of:
a) arranging the knitting yarn into a plurality of rows, wherein each row includes a plurality of loops; b) threading at least one loop of an arranged second row through an interior space of at least one corresponding loop of an arranged first row; c) applying threading step (b) to all loops of the first row and the second row; and d) repeating steps (b) and (c) on successively-arranged second and first rows to form a knitted product. 2. The knitting method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of associating loops of a final row with each other, wherein, the loops of the final row are obtained by the previous threading step, for binding the loops of the final row once the knitted product is formed. 3. The knitting method according to claim 2, further comprising steps of inserting a first loop of the final row through an interior space of a loop adjacent thereto for obtaining a binding loop; inserting the obtained binding loop through an interior space of other loop adjacent to the obtained binding loop; and applying the inserting step respectively to other loops of the final row, in order to bind off the loops of the final row obtained by the previous threading step, once the knitted product is formed. 4. The knitting method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of inserting a second loop adjacent to a first loop of the final row through an interior space of the first loop of the final row and obtaining a binding loop, inserting another adjacent loop through an interior space of the obtained binding loop, and applying the inserting step respectively to other loops of the final row, in order to bind off the loops of the final row obtained by the previous threading step, once the knitted product is formed. 5. The knitting method according to claim 3, further comprising a step of inserting the upper row of the knitting yarn yet-to-be-knitted through an interior space of a final binding loop, wherein the final binding loop is knitted but not bound-off yet, in order to bind off the final binding loop of the final row. 6. The knitting method according claim 4, further comprising a step of inserting the upper row of the knitting yarn yet-to-be-knitted through an interior space of a final binding loop, wherein the final binding loop is knitted but not bound-off yet, in order to bind off the final binding loop of the final row. 7. The knitting method according to claim 1, wherein the knitted product is formed without tools. 8. The knitting method according to claim 1, wherein the threading is performed by hand and without tools. 9. A knitted product formed by the method of claim 1. | A knitting yarn used for forming a knitted product without using any knitting tools, such as crochet hooks or knitting needles. The knitting yarn includes a core thread having a length dimension and a plurality of loops affixed to the core thread, at least a first thread and at least a second thread having different structural and/or physical properties than each other; and the loops of the knitting yarn are made of the first thread, and the core thread is made of the second thread.1. A method for forming a knitted product from knitting yarn comprising the steps of:
a) arranging the knitting yarn into a plurality of rows, wherein each row includes a plurality of loops; b) threading at least one loop of an arranged second row through an interior space of at least one corresponding loop of an arranged first row; c) applying threading step (b) to all loops of the first row and the second row; and d) repeating steps (b) and (c) on successively-arranged second and first rows to form a knitted product. 2. The knitting method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of associating loops of a final row with each other, wherein, the loops of the final row are obtained by the previous threading step, for binding the loops of the final row once the knitted product is formed. 3. The knitting method according to claim 2, further comprising steps of inserting a first loop of the final row through an interior space of a loop adjacent thereto for obtaining a binding loop; inserting the obtained binding loop through an interior space of other loop adjacent to the obtained binding loop; and applying the inserting step respectively to other loops of the final row, in order to bind off the loops of the final row obtained by the previous threading step, once the knitted product is formed. 4. The knitting method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of inserting a second loop adjacent to a first loop of the final row through an interior space of the first loop of the final row and obtaining a binding loop, inserting another adjacent loop through an interior space of the obtained binding loop, and applying the inserting step respectively to other loops of the final row, in order to bind off the loops of the final row obtained by the previous threading step, once the knitted product is formed. 5. The knitting method according to claim 3, further comprising a step of inserting the upper row of the knitting yarn yet-to-be-knitted through an interior space of a final binding loop, wherein the final binding loop is knitted but not bound-off yet, in order to bind off the final binding loop of the final row. 6. The knitting method according claim 4, further comprising a step of inserting the upper row of the knitting yarn yet-to-be-knitted through an interior space of a final binding loop, wherein the final binding loop is knitted but not bound-off yet, in order to bind off the final binding loop of the final row. 7. The knitting method according to claim 1, wherein the knitted product is formed without tools. 8. The knitting method according to claim 1, wherein the threading is performed by hand and without tools. 9. A knitted product formed by the method of claim 1. | 2,800 |
341,799 | 16,802,154 | 2,838 | A liquid ejecting head includes a first-valve-mechanism, a second-valve-mechanism, a nozzle plate, and a holder housing the first-valve-mechanisms and the second-valve-mechanisms. When a direction perpendicular to the nozzle plate is a first-direction, the nozzle plate extends in a second-direction and a third-direction. The first-valve-mechanism and the second-valve-mechanism arranged in the third-direction, with a space therebetween. The first-valve-mechanism includes a first-valve-element and a first-downstream-cover-member defining a first-downstream-chamber downstream of the first-valve-element. The second-valve-mechanism includes a second-valve-element and a second-downstream-cover-member defining a second-downstream-chamber downstream of the second-valve-element. The first-downstream-cover-member faces the second-downstream-cover-member. An interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve-element is equal to an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve-element in the first-direction. The holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve-mechanism and the second-valve-mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream-cover-member and the second-downstream-cover-member as viewed from the third-direction. | 1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
valve mechanisms including a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism; a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid supplied from any one of the valve mechanisms; and a holder housing the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzle plate extends in a second direction and a third direction, the second direction and the third direction being orthogonal to each other and being orthogonal to a first direction being perpendicular to the nozzle plate, the first-valve mechanism includes a first-valve element, a first-downstream chamber downstream of the first-valve element, and a first-downstream cover member defining a part of the first-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the first-valve element based on the pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism includes a second-valve element, a second-downstream chamber downstream of the second-valve element, and a second-downstream cover member defining a part of the second-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the second-valve element based on the pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism arranged in the third direction with a space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed so as to face each other, an interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve element and an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve element are equal to each other in the first direction, and the holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member as viewed from the third direction. 2. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
valve mechanisms including a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism; and a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid supplied from any one of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzle plate extends in a second direction and a third direction, the second direction and the third direction being orthogonal to each other and being orthogonal to a first direction being perpendicular to the nozzle plate, the first-valve mechanism includes a first-valve element, a first-downstream chamber downstream of the first-valve element, and a first-downstream cover member defining a part of the first-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the first-valve element based on the pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism includes a second-valve element, a second-downstream chamber downstream of the second-valve element, and a second-downstream cover member defining a part of the second-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the second-valve element based on the pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism arranged in the third direction with a space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed so as to face each other, an interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve element and an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve element are equal to each other in the first direction, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed at different positions with respect to the third direction, and a part of the first-downstream cover member and a part of the second-downstream cover member overlap as viewed from the second direction. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the liquid introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of liquid introducing portions, the liquid introducing portions respectively introducing liquid from each of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzles are arranged in the second direction to constitute a nozzle row, an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, further comprising:
sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the liquid introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of liquid introducing portions, the liquid introducing portions respectively introducing liquid from each of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzles are arranged in the second direction to constitute a nozzle row, an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid; and liquid introducing portions configured to introduce liquid into the nozzles, wherein the nozzles are arranged in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction perpendicular to the nozzle plate to constitute nozzle rows, the nozzle row being constituted by arranging a part of the nozzles in the second direction, the nozzle rows are arranged in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction, sets of the liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of the liquid ejecting potions, and an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, further comprising:
valve mechanisms each including a valve element, the valve mechanisms each opening and closing a channel by moving the valve element based on a pressure in a channel downstream of the valve element to control supply of liquid to the liquid introducing portion, wherein the valve mechanisms are individually coupled to the sets of liquid introducing portions and arranged in the third direction, the valve mechanisms include a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism, and an interval between the nozzle plate and the valve element of the first-valve mechanism and an interval between the nozzle plate and the valve element of the second-valve mechanism are equal to each other in the first direction. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 3, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 10. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 6, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 11. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, further comprising:
a holder housing the valve mechanisms, wherein the holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream cover member and the second-valve mechanism as viewed from the third direction. 12. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1. 13. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 2. 14. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 5. | A liquid ejecting head includes a first-valve-mechanism, a second-valve-mechanism, a nozzle plate, and a holder housing the first-valve-mechanisms and the second-valve-mechanisms. When a direction perpendicular to the nozzle plate is a first-direction, the nozzle plate extends in a second-direction and a third-direction. The first-valve-mechanism and the second-valve-mechanism arranged in the third-direction, with a space therebetween. The first-valve-mechanism includes a first-valve-element and a first-downstream-cover-member defining a first-downstream-chamber downstream of the first-valve-element. The second-valve-mechanism includes a second-valve-element and a second-downstream-cover-member defining a second-downstream-chamber downstream of the second-valve-element. The first-downstream-cover-member faces the second-downstream-cover-member. An interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve-element is equal to an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve-element in the first-direction. The holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve-mechanism and the second-valve-mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream-cover-member and the second-downstream-cover-member as viewed from the third-direction.1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
valve mechanisms including a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism; a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid supplied from any one of the valve mechanisms; and a holder housing the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzle plate extends in a second direction and a third direction, the second direction and the third direction being orthogonal to each other and being orthogonal to a first direction being perpendicular to the nozzle plate, the first-valve mechanism includes a first-valve element, a first-downstream chamber downstream of the first-valve element, and a first-downstream cover member defining a part of the first-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the first-valve element based on the pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism includes a second-valve element, a second-downstream chamber downstream of the second-valve element, and a second-downstream cover member defining a part of the second-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the second-valve element based on the pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism arranged in the third direction with a space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed so as to face each other, an interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve element and an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve element are equal to each other in the first direction, and the holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member as viewed from the third direction. 2. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
valve mechanisms including a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism; and a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid supplied from any one of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzle plate extends in a second direction and a third direction, the second direction and the third direction being orthogonal to each other and being orthogonal to a first direction being perpendicular to the nozzle plate, the first-valve mechanism includes a first-valve element, a first-downstream chamber downstream of the first-valve element, and a first-downstream cover member defining a part of the first-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the first-valve element based on the pressure in the first-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism includes a second-valve element, a second-downstream chamber downstream of the second-valve element, and a second-downstream cover member defining a part of the second-downstream chamber and being displaced based on a pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the second-valve mechanism opens/closes a channel by moving the second-valve element based on the pressure in the second-downstream chamber, the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism arranged in the third direction with a space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed so as to face each other, an interval between the nozzle plate and the first-valve element and an interval between the nozzle plate and the second-valve element are equal to each other in the first direction, the first-downstream cover member and the second-downstream cover member are disposed at different positions with respect to the third direction, and a part of the first-downstream cover member and a part of the second-downstream cover member overlap as viewed from the second direction. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the liquid introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of liquid introducing portions, the liquid introducing portions respectively introducing liquid from each of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzles are arranged in the second direction to constitute a nozzle row, an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, further comprising:
sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the liquid introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of liquid introducing portions, the liquid introducing portions respectively introducing liquid from each of the valve mechanisms, wherein the nozzles are arranged in the second direction to constitute a nozzle row, an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
a nozzle plate including nozzles ejecting liquid; and liquid introducing portions configured to introduce liquid into the nozzles, wherein the nozzles are arranged in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction perpendicular to the nozzle plate to constitute nozzle rows, the nozzle row being constituted by arranging a part of the nozzles in the second direction, the nozzle rows are arranged in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction, sets of the liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, the introducing portions being arranged in the second direction to constitute the set of the liquid ejecting potions, and an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger than an interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, further comprising:
valve mechanisms each including a valve element, the valve mechanisms each opening and closing a channel by moving the valve element based on a pressure in a channel downstream of the valve element to control supply of liquid to the liquid introducing portion, wherein the valve mechanisms are individually coupled to the sets of liquid introducing portions and arranged in the third direction, the valve mechanisms include a first-valve mechanism and a second-valve mechanism, and an interval between the nozzle plate and the valve element of the first-valve mechanism and an interval between the nozzle plate and the valve element of the second-valve mechanism are equal to each other in the first direction. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 3, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 10. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 6, wherein
a number of the liquid introducing portions constituting the set of liquid introducing portions is smaller than a number of the sets of liquid introducing portions arranged in the third direction, and the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the second direction is larger the interval between the liquid introducing portions adjacent in the third direction. 11. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, further comprising:
a holder housing the valve mechanisms, wherein the holder has no wall in an area of the space between the first-valve mechanism and the second-valve mechanism, the area overlapping the first-downstream cover member and the second-valve mechanism as viewed from the third direction. 12. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1. 13. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 2. 14. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 5. | 2,800 |
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