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341,800 | 16,802,169 | 2,838 | Disclosed herein is a kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms. Accordingly, the kit may include a centering component, and a laser pointer. Further, the centering component may be for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm. Further, the twist-in scope ring may be coupled to a barrel of the firearm. Further, the twist-in scope ring may be rotatable around a scope axis. Further, the centering component may include a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member. Further, the laser pointer may be detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring. Further, the laser pointer may include a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring. Further, the laser pointer may be configured for emitting a laser beam. | 1. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member, wherein a first portion of the primary elongated member is attached to a second portion of the secondary elongated member, wherein a first longitudinal axis of the primary elongated member is perpendicular to a second longitudinal axis of the secondary elongated member, wherein at least one end of the primary elongated member is configured to be inserted into the bore, wherein the primary elongated member is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the secondary elongated member to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; and a laser pointer detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam. 2. The kit of claim 1, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary length and a primary circumference, wherein the primary circumference remains constant along the primary length, wherein an inner bore circumference of the bore is equal to the primary circumference restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 3. The kit of claim 1, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary member length and a primary member circumference, wherein the primary circumference progressively increases along the primary member length, wherein a primary circumference corresponding to a primary member length is equal to an inner bore circumference of the bore restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 4. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference remains constant along the pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 5. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference progressively decreases along the pointer length, wherein a pointer circumference corresponding to a pointer length is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 6. The kit of claim 1, wherein the secondary elongated member is characterized by a secondary diameter, wherein the secondary diameter is greater than a width of the laser beam. 7. The kit of claim 1, wherein the secondary elongated member comprises an imprinted surface, wherein the imprinted surface is configured for reflecting the laser beam for viewing. 8. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer body comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings of the firearm, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a pointer member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member attached to a second cylindrical member concentrically, wherein a first pointer member circumference of the first cylindrical member is equal to a first inner scope ring circumference of a first twist-in scope ring and a second pointer member circumference of the second cylindrical member is equal to a second inner scope ring circumference of a second twist-in scope ring. 9. The kit of claim 1, wherein the centering component comprises an inclinometer, wherein the inclinometer is disposed on a first end of the primary elongated member, wherein the inclinometer is configured for determining a degree of rotation for the primary elongated member in relation to the bore. 10. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member, wherein a first portion of the primary elongated member is attached to a second portion of the secondary elongated member, wherein a first longitudinal axis of the primary elongated member is perpendicular to a second longitudinal axis of the secondary elongated member, wherein at least one end of the primary elongated member is configured to be inserted into the bore, wherein the primary elongated member is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the secondary elongated member to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; and a laser pointer detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 11. The kit of claim 10, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary length and a primary circumference, wherein the primary circumference remains constant along the primary length, wherein an inner bore circumference of the bore is equal to the primary circumference restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 12. The kit of claim 10, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary member length and a primary member circumference, wherein the primary circumference progressively increases along the primary member length, wherein a primary circumference corresponding to a primary member length is equal to an inner bore circumference of the bore restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 13. The kit of claim 10, wherein the pointer circumference remains constant along the pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 14. The kit of claim 10, wherein the pointer circumference progressively decreases along the pointer length, wherein a pointer circumference corresponding to a pointer length is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 15. The kit of claim 10, wherein the secondary elongated member is characterized by a secondary diameter and a secondary length, wherein the secondary diameter is greater than a width of the laser beam. 16. The kit of claim 10, wherein the secondary elongated member comprises an imprinted surface, wherein the imprinted surface is configured for reflecting the laser beam for viewing. 17. The kit of claim 10, wherein the laser pointer body comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings of the firearm, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a pointer member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member attached to a second cylindrical member concentrically, wherein a first pointer member circumference of the first cylindrical member is equal to a first inner scope ring circumference of a first twist-in scope ring and a second pointer member circumference of the second cylindrical member is equal to a second inner scope ring circumference of a second twist-in scope ring. 18. The kit of claim 10, wherein the centering component comprises an inclinometer, wherein the inclinometer is disposed on a first end of the primary elongated member, wherein the inclinometer is configured for determining a degree of rotation for the primary elongated member in relation to the bore. 19. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises:
a centering rod comprising a rod elongated member, wherein the rod elongated member comprises an imprinted surface;
a ring comprising an annular member extending between an outer periphery and an inner periphery forming a ring cavity, wherein a first rod end of the rod elongated member is attached to the annular body on the outer periphery, wherein the ring comprises a threaded cavity disposed on the annular member; and
a fastener comprising a threaded member and a knob disposed on a first fastener end of the threaded member, wherein the threaded member is threadedly coupled with the threaded cavity;
an arbor detachably coupled with the centering component, wherein the arbor comprises an arbor elongated member, wherein the ring cavity is configured for receiving the arbor elongated member, wherein an arbor longitudinal axis of the arbor elongated member is perpendicular to a rod longitudinal axis of the rod elongated member, wherein at least on end of the arbor elongated member is configured to be inserted in the bore, wherein the ring is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the centering rod to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; a laser barrel comprising a cylindrical member, wherein the twist-in scope ring of a ring circumference is configured for encompassing the cylindrical member circumferentially, wherein the laser barrel comprises a barrel cavity disposed in the cylindrical member, wherein the barrel cavity is concentric with the cylindrical member, wherein the barrel cavity comprises a cavity opening disposed on a circular surface of the cylindrical member; and a laser pointer disposed in the barrel cavity, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the laser barrel comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a cylindrical member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member of a first circumference is attached to a second cylindrical member of a second circumference concentrically, wherein a first twist-in scope ring is configured to receive the first cylindrical member and a second twist-in scope ring is configured to receive the second cylindrical member. | Disclosed herein is a kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms. Accordingly, the kit may include a centering component, and a laser pointer. Further, the centering component may be for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm. Further, the twist-in scope ring may be coupled to a barrel of the firearm. Further, the twist-in scope ring may be rotatable around a scope axis. Further, the centering component may include a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member. Further, the laser pointer may be detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring. Further, the laser pointer may include a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring. Further, the laser pointer may be configured for emitting a laser beam.1. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member, wherein a first portion of the primary elongated member is attached to a second portion of the secondary elongated member, wherein a first longitudinal axis of the primary elongated member is perpendicular to a second longitudinal axis of the secondary elongated member, wherein at least one end of the primary elongated member is configured to be inserted into the bore, wherein the primary elongated member is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the secondary elongated member to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; and a laser pointer detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam. 2. The kit of claim 1, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary length and a primary circumference, wherein the primary circumference remains constant along the primary length, wherein an inner bore circumference of the bore is equal to the primary circumference restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 3. The kit of claim 1, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary member length and a primary member circumference, wherein the primary circumference progressively increases along the primary member length, wherein a primary circumference corresponding to a primary member length is equal to an inner bore circumference of the bore restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 4. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference remains constant along the pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 5. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference progressively decreases along the pointer length, wherein a pointer circumference corresponding to a pointer length is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 6. The kit of claim 1, wherein the secondary elongated member is characterized by a secondary diameter, wherein the secondary diameter is greater than a width of the laser beam. 7. The kit of claim 1, wherein the secondary elongated member comprises an imprinted surface, wherein the imprinted surface is configured for reflecting the laser beam for viewing. 8. The kit of claim 1, wherein the laser pointer body comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings of the firearm, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a pointer member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member attached to a second cylindrical member concentrically, wherein a first pointer member circumference of the first cylindrical member is equal to a first inner scope ring circumference of a first twist-in scope ring and a second pointer member circumference of the second cylindrical member is equal to a second inner scope ring circumference of a second twist-in scope ring. 9. The kit of claim 1, wherein the centering component comprises an inclinometer, wherein the inclinometer is disposed on a first end of the primary elongated member, wherein the inclinometer is configured for determining a degree of rotation for the primary elongated member in relation to the bore. 10. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises a primary elongated member and a secondary elongated member attached to the primary elongated member, wherein a first portion of the primary elongated member is attached to a second portion of the secondary elongated member, wherein a first longitudinal axis of the primary elongated member is perpendicular to a second longitudinal axis of the secondary elongated member, wherein at least one end of the primary elongated member is configured to be inserted into the bore, wherein the primary elongated member is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the secondary elongated member to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; and a laser pointer detachably couplable with the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam, wherein the laser pointer comprises a laser pointer body configured to be inserted in the twist-in scope ring, wherein the laser pointer body characterized by a pointer circumference and a pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 11. The kit of claim 10, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary length and a primary circumference, wherein the primary circumference remains constant along the primary length, wherein an inner bore circumference of the bore is equal to the primary circumference restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 12. The kit of claim 10, wherein the primary elongated member is characterized by a primary member length and a primary member circumference, wherein the primary circumference progressively increases along the primary member length, wherein a primary circumference corresponding to a primary member length is equal to an inner bore circumference of the bore restricting lateral movement of the primary elongated member in relation to the bore axis. 13. The kit of claim 10, wherein the pointer circumference remains constant along the pointer length, wherein the pointer circumference is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 14. The kit of claim 10, wherein the pointer circumference progressively decreases along the pointer length, wherein a pointer circumference corresponding to a pointer length is equal to an inner scope ring circumference restricting lateral movement of the laser pointer in relation to a scope ring axis of the twist-in scope ring. 15. The kit of claim 10, wherein the secondary elongated member is characterized by a secondary diameter and a secondary length, wherein the secondary diameter is greater than a width of the laser beam. 16. The kit of claim 10, wherein the secondary elongated member comprises an imprinted surface, wherein the imprinted surface is configured for reflecting the laser beam for viewing. 17. The kit of claim 10, wherein the laser pointer body comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings of the firearm, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a pointer member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member attached to a second cylindrical member concentrically, wherein a first pointer member circumference of the first cylindrical member is equal to a first inner scope ring circumference of a first twist-in scope ring and a second pointer member circumference of the second cylindrical member is equal to a second inner scope ring circumference of a second twist-in scope ring. 18. The kit of claim 10, wherein the centering component comprises an inclinometer, wherein the inclinometer is disposed on a first end of the primary elongated member, wherein the inclinometer is configured for determining a degree of rotation for the primary elongated member in relation to the bore. 19. A kit for facilitating aligning of twist-in scope rings of firearms, the kit comprising:
a centering component for providing a reference for aligning a twist-in scope ring with a bore of a firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is coupled to a barrel of the firearm, wherein the twist-in scope ring is rotatable around a scope axis, wherein the centering component comprises:
a centering rod comprising a rod elongated member, wherein the rod elongated member comprises an imprinted surface;
a ring comprising an annular member extending between an outer periphery and an inner periphery forming a ring cavity, wherein a first rod end of the rod elongated member is attached to the annular body on the outer periphery, wherein the ring comprises a threaded cavity disposed on the annular member; and
a fastener comprising a threaded member and a knob disposed on a first fastener end of the threaded member, wherein the threaded member is threadedly coupled with the threaded cavity;
an arbor detachably coupled with the centering component, wherein the arbor comprises an arbor elongated member, wherein the ring cavity is configured for receiving the arbor elongated member, wherein an arbor longitudinal axis of the arbor elongated member is perpendicular to a rod longitudinal axis of the rod elongated member, wherein at least on end of the arbor elongated member is configured to be inserted in the bore, wherein the ring is configured to rotate in relation to the bore allowing the centering rod to be angularly displaced around a bore axis corresponding to the bore; a laser barrel comprising a cylindrical member, wherein the twist-in scope ring of a ring circumference is configured for encompassing the cylindrical member circumferentially, wherein the laser barrel comprises a barrel cavity disposed in the cylindrical member, wherein the barrel cavity is concentric with the cylindrical member, wherein the barrel cavity comprises a cavity opening disposed on a circular surface of the cylindrical member; and a laser pointer disposed in the barrel cavity, wherein the laser pointer is configured for emitting a laser beam. 20. The kit of claim 19, wherein the laser barrel comprises a plurality of cylindrical members corresponding to a plurality of twist-in scope rings, wherein each cylindrical member is characterized by a cylindrical member circumference, wherein a first cylindrical member of a first circumference is attached to a second cylindrical member of a second circumference concentrically, wherein a first twist-in scope ring is configured to receive the first cylindrical member and a second twist-in scope ring is configured to receive the second cylindrical member. | 2,800 |
341,801 | 16,802,182 | 3,754 | A multiple head shower assembly includes a rod that has a first end and a second end. The rod is elongated between the first end and the second end to be extended across a shower fixture and the rod is hollow. A bumper is coupled to the first end of the rod to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture. A plunger is movably coupled to the second end of the rod. The plunger is biased into an extended position to compress against a respective wall of the shower. An input hose is fluidly attachable to the rod to transfer fluid into the rod. The fluid source may be an existing shower head in the shower and the fluid may be water. A pair of shower heads is each fluidly attachable to the rod to spray the fluid onto two people for showering. | 1. A multiple head shower assembly for being removably positioned within a shower without requiring wall plumbing, said assembly comprising:
a rod having a first end and a second end, said rod being elongated between said first end and said second end wherein said rod is configured to be extended across a shower fixture, said rod being hollow; a bumper being coupled to said first end of said rod wherein said bumper is configured to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture, said bumper being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a plunger being movably coupled to said second end of said rod, said plunger being biased into an extended position wherein said plunger is configured to compress against a respective wall of the shower; an input hose being fluidly attachable to said rod, said input hose being fluidly attachable to a fluid source wherein said input hose is configured to transfer fluid into said rod; a pair of shower heads, each of said shower heads being fluidly attachable to said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to spray the fluid onto two people for showering; a shut off valve being coupled to said rod such that said shut off valve is in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said shut off valve being positioned between said first output and said second output on said rod, said shut off valve being positionable in a closed condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to restrict the fluid from flowing to said second output, said shut off valve being positionable in an open condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the fluid to flow to said second output, said shut off valve including a knob being rotatably positioned on said rod wherein said knob is configured to be manipulated by a user. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said rod has an input being in fluid communication with an interior of said rod, said rod having a first output and a second output each being in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said input including a threaded coupling, each of said first output and said second output including a threaded coupling. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said plunger is slidably positioned in said second end of said rod, said plunger having a distal end with respect to said second end. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a bumper being coupled to a distal end of said plunger wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to abut the respective wall, said bumper on said plunger being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall. 5. The assembly according to claim 3, further comprising a biasing member being positioned within said rod, said biasing member engaging said plunger for biasing said distal end of said plunger outwardly from said second end of said rod. 6. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of said shower heads has an inlet and an outlet, said inlet of each of said shower heads threadably engaging a respective one of said first output or said second output on said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to receive the fluid from said fluid hose thereby facilitating a pair of users to simultaneously bathe in the shower fixture.
A multiple head shower assembly for being removably positioned within a shower without requiring wall plumbing, said assembly comprising: a rod having a first end and a second end, said rod being elongated between said first end and said second end wherein said rod is configured to be extend across a shower fixture, said rod being hollow, said rod having an input being in fluid communication with an interior of said rod, said rod having a first output and a second output each being in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said input including a threaded coupling, said first output and said second output including a threaded coupling; a bumper being coupled to said first end of said rod wherein said bumper is configured to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture, said bumper being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a plunger being movably coupled to said second end of said rod, said plunger being biased into an extended position wherein said plunger is configured to compress against a respective wall of the shower, said plunger being slidably positioned in said second end of said rod, said plunger having a distal end with respect to said second end; a bumper being coupled to said distal end of said plunger wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to abut the respective wall, said bumper on said plunger being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a biasing member being positioned within said rod, said biasing member engaging said plunger for biasing said distal end of said plunger outwardly from said second end of said rod; an input hose being fluidly attachable to said input, said input hose being fluidly attachable to a fluid source wherein said input hose is configured to transfer fluid into said rod; a pair of shower heads, each of said shower heads having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet of each of said shower heads threadably engaging a respective one of said first outputs or said second output on said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to receive the fluid from said fluid hose thereby facilitating a pair of users to simultaneously bathe in the shower fixture; and a shut off valve being coupled to said rod such that said shut off valve is in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said shut off valve being positioned between said first output and said second output on said rod, said shut off valve being positionable in a closed condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to restrict the fluid from flowing to said second output, said shut off valve being positionable in an open condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the fluid to flow to said second output, said shut off valve including a knob being rotatably positioned on said rod wherein said knob is configured to be manipulated by a user. | A multiple head shower assembly includes a rod that has a first end and a second end. The rod is elongated between the first end and the second end to be extended across a shower fixture and the rod is hollow. A bumper is coupled to the first end of the rod to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture. A plunger is movably coupled to the second end of the rod. The plunger is biased into an extended position to compress against a respective wall of the shower. An input hose is fluidly attachable to the rod to transfer fluid into the rod. The fluid source may be an existing shower head in the shower and the fluid may be water. A pair of shower heads is each fluidly attachable to the rod to spray the fluid onto two people for showering.1. A multiple head shower assembly for being removably positioned within a shower without requiring wall plumbing, said assembly comprising:
a rod having a first end and a second end, said rod being elongated between said first end and said second end wherein said rod is configured to be extended across a shower fixture, said rod being hollow; a bumper being coupled to said first end of said rod wherein said bumper is configured to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture, said bumper being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a plunger being movably coupled to said second end of said rod, said plunger being biased into an extended position wherein said plunger is configured to compress against a respective wall of the shower; an input hose being fluidly attachable to said rod, said input hose being fluidly attachable to a fluid source wherein said input hose is configured to transfer fluid into said rod; a pair of shower heads, each of said shower heads being fluidly attachable to said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to spray the fluid onto two people for showering; a shut off valve being coupled to said rod such that said shut off valve is in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said shut off valve being positioned between said first output and said second output on said rod, said shut off valve being positionable in a closed condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to restrict the fluid from flowing to said second output, said shut off valve being positionable in an open condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the fluid to flow to said second output, said shut off valve including a knob being rotatably positioned on said rod wherein said knob is configured to be manipulated by a user. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said rod has an input being in fluid communication with an interior of said rod, said rod having a first output and a second output each being in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said input including a threaded coupling, each of said first output and said second output including a threaded coupling. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said plunger is slidably positioned in said second end of said rod, said plunger having a distal end with respect to said second end. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a bumper being coupled to a distal end of said plunger wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to abut the respective wall, said bumper on said plunger being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall. 5. The assembly according to claim 3, further comprising a biasing member being positioned within said rod, said biasing member engaging said plunger for biasing said distal end of said plunger outwardly from said second end of said rod. 6. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of said shower heads has an inlet and an outlet, said inlet of each of said shower heads threadably engaging a respective one of said first output or said second output on said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to receive the fluid from said fluid hose thereby facilitating a pair of users to simultaneously bathe in the shower fixture.
A multiple head shower assembly for being removably positioned within a shower without requiring wall plumbing, said assembly comprising: a rod having a first end and a second end, said rod being elongated between said first end and said second end wherein said rod is configured to be extend across a shower fixture, said rod being hollow, said rod having an input being in fluid communication with an interior of said rod, said rod having a first output and a second output each being in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said input including a threaded coupling, said first output and said second output including a threaded coupling; a bumper being coupled to said first end of said rod wherein said bumper is configured to abut a respective wall of the shower fixture, said bumper being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a plunger being movably coupled to said second end of said rod, said plunger being biased into an extended position wherein said plunger is configured to compress against a respective wall of the shower, said plunger being slidably positioned in said second end of said rod, said plunger having a distal end with respect to said second end; a bumper being coupled to said distal end of said plunger wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to abut the respective wall, said bumper on said plunger being comprised of a resiliently compressible material wherein said bumper on said plunger is configured to frictionally engage the respective wall; a biasing member being positioned within said rod, said biasing member engaging said plunger for biasing said distal end of said plunger outwardly from said second end of said rod; an input hose being fluidly attachable to said input, said input hose being fluidly attachable to a fluid source wherein said input hose is configured to transfer fluid into said rod; a pair of shower heads, each of said shower heads having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet of each of said shower heads threadably engaging a respective one of said first outputs or said second output on said rod wherein each of said shower heads is configured to receive the fluid from said fluid hose thereby facilitating a pair of users to simultaneously bathe in the shower fixture; and a shut off valve being coupled to said rod such that said shut off valve is in fluid communication with said interior of said rod, said shut off valve being positioned between said first output and said second output on said rod, said shut off valve being positionable in a closed condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to restrict the fluid from flowing to said second output, said shut off valve being positionable in an open condition wherein said shut off valve is configured to facilitate the fluid to flow to said second output, said shut off valve including a knob being rotatably positioned on said rod wherein said knob is configured to be manipulated by a user. | 3,700 |
341,802 | 16,802,170 | 3,754 | An article may include a polyamide composition comprising at least one modified polyamide produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. An article comprising a polyamide composition comprising at least one modified polyamide produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor. 15. The article of claim 14, wherein the article is a radiator tank, a transfer pipe, a thermostatic tank, a degassing tank, a radiator, a turbo pipe, an air/air exchanger, an air inlet or outlet box of a turbo cooler, an air intake collector and the associated pipework, an article of the exhaust gas recycling circuit, a catalytic converter, a part of the engine-fan group, an intermediate cooler, a cylinder head cover, an oil sump, an oil filtration unit, a distribution sump, or oil-transporting assembly pipework. 16. (canceled) 17. A polyamide composition, comprising a modified polyamide that is produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor. 18. The article of claim 14, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol are borne by aliphatic carbons of the polyhydric alcohol. 19. The article of claim 14, wherein the amount of polyhydric alcohol added before, during, or at the end the polymerization, is from 0.05% to 20% by weight of polyhydric alcohol relative to the total weight of the polyamide and/or precursors thereof. 20. The article of claim 14, wherein a mole proportion of the added polyhydric alcohol that is covalently bonded to the polyamide is between 10% and 100%. 21. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a compound of formula (I) represented by formula (I):
R—(OH)n (I)
in which:
n is between 3 and 8,
R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylalkyl hydrocarbon-based radical, optionally comprising N, S, O and/or P heteroatoms. 22. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is chosen from the group comprising: glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 2,3-bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, hexane-1,2,6-triol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 3 -(2′-hydroxyethoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 3 -(2′-hydroxypropoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 2-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 6-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]ethane, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxypropoxy)methyl]propane, 1,1,1-tris(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1,3 -tris(dihydroxy-3 -methylphenyl)propane, 1,1,4-tris(dihydroxyphenyl)butane, 1,1,5-tris(hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpentane, di(trimethylolpropane), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate, or trimethylolpropane propoxylate; pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, cyclodextrin, D-mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D- or L-arabitol, xylitol, iditol, talitol, allitol, altritol, gulitol, erythritol, threitol and D-gulonic-y-lactone, and
in particular from glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 2,3 -bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, hexane-1,2,6-triol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 3 -(2′-hydroxyethoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 2-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 6-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)hexane-1 ,2-diol, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]ethane, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxypropoxy)methyl]propane, di(trimethylolpropane), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate, or trimethylolpropane propoxylate; pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, cyclodextrin, D-mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D- or L-arabitol, xylitol, iditol, talitol, allitol, altritol, gulitol, erythritol, threitol and D-gulonic-y-lactone. 23. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol contains one or more amine functions. 24. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and/or a salt thereof. 25. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyamide is a semicrystalline polyamide with an apparent melt viscosity of the polyamide of between 0.5 and 1200 Pa.s, measured according to standard ISO 11443 at a shear rate of 1000 s−1 at a temperature equal to 20° C. above the melting point of the polyamide. 26. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide precursors in the polymerization reactor before or during polymerization of the precursors to form the polyamide. 27. The article of claim 26, wherein as compared to a polyamide made by an analogous process wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added after polymerizing the polyamide precursors, the modified polyamide exhibits improved retention of tensile strength and of impact strength after ageing for 1000 hours at 170° C. 28. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide in the polymerization reactor at the end of the polymerization. 29. The article of claim 28, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added as a molten stream to the the polyamide in the polymerization reactor just before emptying the polymerization reactor. 30. The composition of claim 17, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol are borne by aliphatic carbons of the polyhydric alcohol. 31. The composition of claim 17, wherein the amount of polyhydric alcohol added before, during, or at the end the polymerization, is from 0.05% to 20% by weight of polyhydric alcohol relative to the total weight of the polyamide and/or precursors thereof. 32. The composition of claim 17, wherein a mole proportion of the added polyhydric alcohol that is covalently bonded to the polyamide is between 10% and 100%. 33. The composition of claim 17, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide precursors in the polymerization reactor before or during polymerization of the precursors to form the polyamide. 34. The composition of claim 17, wherein as compared to a polyamide made by an analogous process wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added after polymerizing the polyamide precursors, the modified polyamide exhibits improved retention of tensile strength and of impact strength after ageing for 1000 hours at 170° C. | An article may include a polyamide composition comprising at least one modified polyamide produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor.1-13. (canceled) 14. An article comprising a polyamide composition comprising at least one modified polyamide produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor. 15. The article of claim 14, wherein the article is a radiator tank, a transfer pipe, a thermostatic tank, a degassing tank, a radiator, a turbo pipe, an air/air exchanger, an air inlet or outlet box of a turbo cooler, an air intake collector and the associated pipework, an article of the exhaust gas recycling circuit, a catalytic converter, a part of the engine-fan group, an intermediate cooler, a cylinder head cover, an oil sump, an oil filtration unit, a distribution sump, or oil-transporting assembly pipework. 16. (canceled) 17. A polyamide composition, comprising a modified polyamide that is produced by polymerizing polyamide precursors in a polymerization reactor to form a polyamide and adding, before, during, or at the end of polymerization, a polyhydric alcohol comprising at least three hydroxyl groups to the precursors and/or polyamide in the polymerization reactor. 18. The article of claim 14, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol are borne by aliphatic carbons of the polyhydric alcohol. 19. The article of claim 14, wherein the amount of polyhydric alcohol added before, during, or at the end the polymerization, is from 0.05% to 20% by weight of polyhydric alcohol relative to the total weight of the polyamide and/or precursors thereof. 20. The article of claim 14, wherein a mole proportion of the added polyhydric alcohol that is covalently bonded to the polyamide is between 10% and 100%. 21. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is a compound of formula (I) represented by formula (I):
R—(OH)n (I)
in which:
n is between 3 and 8,
R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylalkyl hydrocarbon-based radical, optionally comprising N, S, O and/or P heteroatoms. 22. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is chosen from the group comprising: glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 2,3-bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, hexane-1,2,6-triol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 3 -(2′-hydroxyethoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 3 -(2′-hydroxypropoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 2-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 6-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]ethane, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxypropoxy)methyl]propane, 1,1,1-tris(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1,3 -tris(dihydroxy-3 -methylphenyl)propane, 1,1,4-tris(dihydroxyphenyl)butane, 1,1,5-tris(hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpentane, di(trimethylolpropane), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate, or trimethylolpropane propoxylate; pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, cyclodextrin, D-mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D- or L-arabitol, xylitol, iditol, talitol, allitol, altritol, gulitol, erythritol, threitol and D-gulonic-y-lactone, and
in particular from glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 2,3 -bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol, hexane-1,2,6-triol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 3 -(2′-hydroxyethoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 2-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)hexane-1,2-diol, 6-(2′-hydroxypropoxy)hexane-1 ,2-diol, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]ethane, 1,1,1-tris [(2′-hydroxypropoxy)methyl]propane, di(trimethylolpropane), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate, or trimethylolpropane propoxylate; pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, cyclodextrin, D-mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D- or L-arabitol, xylitol, iditol, talitol, allitol, altritol, gulitol, erythritol, threitol and D-gulonic-y-lactone. 23. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol contains one or more amine functions. 24. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and/or a salt thereof. 25. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyamide is a semicrystalline polyamide with an apparent melt viscosity of the polyamide of between 0.5 and 1200 Pa.s, measured according to standard ISO 11443 at a shear rate of 1000 s−1 at a temperature equal to 20° C. above the melting point of the polyamide. 26. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide precursors in the polymerization reactor before or during polymerization of the precursors to form the polyamide. 27. The article of claim 26, wherein as compared to a polyamide made by an analogous process wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added after polymerizing the polyamide precursors, the modified polyamide exhibits improved retention of tensile strength and of impact strength after ageing for 1000 hours at 170° C. 28. The article of claim 14, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide in the polymerization reactor at the end of the polymerization. 29. The article of claim 28, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added as a molten stream to the the polyamide in the polymerization reactor just before emptying the polymerization reactor. 30. The composition of claim 17, wherein the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol are borne by aliphatic carbons of the polyhydric alcohol. 31. The composition of claim 17, wherein the amount of polyhydric alcohol added before, during, or at the end the polymerization, is from 0.05% to 20% by weight of polyhydric alcohol relative to the total weight of the polyamide and/or precursors thereof. 32. The composition of claim 17, wherein a mole proportion of the added polyhydric alcohol that is covalently bonded to the polyamide is between 10% and 100%. 33. The composition of claim 17, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added to the polyamide precursors in the polymerization reactor before or during polymerization of the precursors to form the polyamide. 34. The composition of claim 17, wherein as compared to a polyamide made by an analogous process wherein the polyhydric alcohol is added after polymerizing the polyamide precursors, the modified polyamide exhibits improved retention of tensile strength and of impact strength after ageing for 1000 hours at 170° C. | 3,700 |
341,803 | 16,802,158 | 3,754 | System, apparatus, method, and computer program product are described for receiving input of one or more search criterion, processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph. The data set can be a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node. A hierarchical level of a node can be determined by the number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and may be highest at the root node. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
receiving input of one or more search criterion;
processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and
causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
inputting unstructured text comprising one or more identifiers present in the data set and associated with nodes; and extracting the one or more identifiers from the unstructured text and using the extracted one or more identifiers as the one or more search criterion. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said inputting unstructured text enables a user to drag-and-drop or cut-and-paste the unstructured text or an object defining the unstructured text. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
storing identifiers of the first nodes as anchor points for reproducing the two-dimensional representation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
controlling the two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional structure so that the three-dimensional structure is rotated in space. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to convert a stack of items stacked in the third direction to a line of items spread in a direction parallel to the second direction; and enabling the user to covert the line of items back into the stack of items. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to select an item and cause display of at least some of the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item and display of one or more options for using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to perform one or more functions. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to automatically populate a recipient field of an email. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to display at least some of the data associated with a first node represented by an item in the line of items without selecting the item. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
accessing other data that is a different collection of data than the data set; identifying nodes that are access points to data that matches the other data; and visually flagging an item representing the identified node. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to select a visually flagged item within a stack of items and cause display of at least some of the other data matching the data accessible via the node represented by the visually flagged item. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each item is a two-dimensional item that extends parallel to the first direction and the second direction but does not extend parallel or significantly parallel to the third direction. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the item is a two-dimensional rectangular card that has first parallel edges that are parallel to the first direction, second parallel edges that are parallel to the second direction and corners where the first parallel edges and the second parallel edges meet, wherein the stacked items are a stack of the cards viewed from a perspective such that corners of the cards in the stack are aligned parallel to the third direction. 14. A method comprising:
receiving input of one or more search criterion; processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
inputting unstructured text comprising one or more identifiers present in the data set and associated with nodes; and extracting the one or more identifiers from the unstructured text and using the extracted one or more identifiers as the one or more search criterion. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
storing identifiers of the first nodes as anchor points for reproducing the two-dimensional representation. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
controlling the two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional structure so that the three-dimensional structure is rotated in space. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
enabling a user to select an item and cause display of at least some of the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item and display of one or more options for using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to perform one or more functions. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:
using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to automatically populate a recipient field of an email; or enabling a user to display at least some of the data associated with a first node represented by an item in the line of items without selecting the item. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following:
receiving input of one or more search criterion; processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. | System, apparatus, method, and computer program product are described for receiving input of one or more search criterion, processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph. The data set can be a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node. A hierarchical level of a node can be determined by the number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and may be highest at the root node.1. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
receiving input of one or more search criterion;
processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and
causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
inputting unstructured text comprising one or more identifiers present in the data set and associated with nodes; and extracting the one or more identifiers from the unstructured text and using the extracted one or more identifiers as the one or more search criterion. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said inputting unstructured text enables a user to drag-and-drop or cut-and-paste the unstructured text or an object defining the unstructured text. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
storing identifiers of the first nodes as anchor points for reproducing the two-dimensional representation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
controlling the two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional structure so that the three-dimensional structure is rotated in space. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to convert a stack of items stacked in the third direction to a line of items spread in a direction parallel to the second direction; and enabling the user to covert the line of items back into the stack of items. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to select an item and cause display of at least some of the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item and display of one or more options for using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to perform one or more functions. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to automatically populate a recipient field of an email. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to display at least some of the data associated with a first node represented by an item in the line of items without selecting the item. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
accessing other data that is a different collection of data than the data set; identifying nodes that are access points to data that matches the other data; and visually flagging an item representing the identified node. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:
enabling a user to select a visually flagged item within a stack of items and cause display of at least some of the other data matching the data accessible via the node represented by the visually flagged item. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each item is a two-dimensional item that extends parallel to the first direction and the second direction but does not extend parallel or significantly parallel to the third direction. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the item is a two-dimensional rectangular card that has first parallel edges that are parallel to the first direction, second parallel edges that are parallel to the second direction and corners where the first parallel edges and the second parallel edges meet, wherein the stacked items are a stack of the cards viewed from a perspective such that corners of the cards in the stack are aligned parallel to the third direction. 14. A method comprising:
receiving input of one or more search criterion; processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
inputting unstructured text comprising one or more identifiers present in the data set and associated with nodes; and extracting the one or more identifiers from the unstructured text and using the extracted one or more identifiers as the one or more search criterion. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
storing identifiers of the first nodes as anchor points for reproducing the two-dimensional representation. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
controlling the two-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional structure so that the three-dimensional structure is rotated in space. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:
enabling a user to select an item and cause display of at least some of the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item and display of one or more options for using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to perform one or more functions. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:
using the data accessible via the node represented by the selected item to automatically populate a recipient field of an email; or enabling a user to display at least some of the data associated with a first node represented by an item in the line of items without selecting the item. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer instructions stored thereon for performing at least the following:
receiving input of one or more search criterion; processing a data set based on the received input of one or more search criterion, wherein the data set is a set of data accessible via a graph comprising nodes including a root node, wherein a hierarchical level of a node is determined by a number of nodes in a shortest route through the graph from the node to the root node and is highest at the root node, wherein the processing classifies nodes, based on the received input of one or more search criterion, as first nodes or second nodes, wherein the first nodes are access points to data that is determined to be a search match for the received input of one or more search criterion, and wherein the second nodes are access points to data, are not first nodes and have a same or higher hierarchical level as a first node; and causing display of a user-interactive visual representation of the data set wherein the user-interactive visual representation of the data set is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure that extends in first, second and third mutually orthogonal directions, and has a series of adjacent layers, each layer corresponding to a hierarchical level of the graph, wherein an ordering of the series of adjacent layers is in the first direction and corresponds to an ordering of the hierarchical levels, wherein the three-dimensional structure, for each hierarchical level:
uses at least a line of one or more items, in the corresponding layer, to represent first nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the line of items is spread within the corresponding layer in a direction parallel to the second direction, wherein each of the first nodes that are in the hierarchical level has a corresponding item in the line of items, and
uses at least a stack of items, in the corresponding layer, to represent second nodes that are in the hierarchical level, wherein the stack of items are items stacked within the corresponding layer in a stacking direction parallel to the third direction,
wherein there is an item and/or a stack of items at each node in a shortest route through the graph from each first node to the root node. | 3,700 |
341,804 | 16,802,168 | 3,754 | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. | 1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the DM unit generates a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the DM unit generates the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than the masking value. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input high logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input low logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic is a data group on which the write operation is not performed, and
the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic is a data group on which the write operation is performed. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. 9. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the generating of the DM flag comprises generating a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the DM flag comprises generating the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than a masking value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input high logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input low logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
not performing the write operation on a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic; and performing the write operation on the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data.1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the DM unit generates a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the DM unit generates the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than the masking value. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input high logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input low logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic is a data group on which the write operation is not performed, and
the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic is a data group on which the write operation is performed. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. 9. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the generating of the DM flag comprises generating a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the DM flag comprises generating the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than a masking value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input high logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input low logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
not performing the write operation on a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic; and performing the write operation on the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. | 3,700 |
341,805 | 16,802,139 | 3,754 | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. | 1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the DM unit generates a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the DM unit generates the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than the masking value. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input high logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input low logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic is a data group on which the write operation is not performed, and
the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic is a data group on which the write operation is performed. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. 9. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the generating of the DM flag comprises generating a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the DM flag comprises generating the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than a masking value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input high logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input low logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
not performing the write operation on a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic; and performing the write operation on the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data.1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the DM unit generates a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the DM unit generates the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than the masking value. 4. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input high logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to enable the DM unit to input low logic to the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic is a data group on which the write operation is not performed, and
the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic is a data group on which the write operation is performed. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. 9. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data groups, and
the generating of the DM flag comprises generating a DM flag bit of high logic when the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is equal to or greater than a masking value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the DM flag comprises generating the DM flag bit of low logic when the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the second data groups is less than a masking value. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first data is original data before the second data passes through a channel, and
the first data includes a plurality of first data groups. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the masking value is less than a data masking pattern boundary value, and
the data masking pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of a plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input high logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the masking value is greater than a data pattern boundary value, and
the data pattern boundary value is a boundary value of the number of high logics of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups so as to input low logic to the DM flag in the generating of the DM flag, regardless of single error occurrence of the plurality of bits included in each of the first data groups. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
not performing the write operation on a fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of high logic; and performing the write operation on the fourth data group corresponding to the DM flag bit of low logic. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the masking value is 6,
the data masking pattern boundary value is 7, and the data pattern boundary value is 4. | 3,700 |
341,806 | 16,802,151 | 3,754 | One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes. During operation, in response to determining that data compaction is triggered, the system regroups valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices. The system further performs error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks. A physical location associated with a respective valid data slice remains unchanged subsequent to the error-correction-coding protection. | 1. A computer-implemented method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining, by a processor, that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the constructed new erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the constructed new erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the existing erasure-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the same predetermined set of storage nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising invalidating parity portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword such that the invalidated parity portions are subject to garbage collection along with the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data. 8. A computer system, comprising:
a processor; and a storage device coupled to the processor and storing instructions, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform a method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and
performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the constructed new erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 9. The computer system of claim 8,
wherein the existing error-correction-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the same predetermined set of storage nodes. 10. The computer system of claim 8, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. 14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises invalidating parity portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword such that the invalidated parity portions are subject to garbage collection along with the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining, by a processor, that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15,
wherein the existing error-correction-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the predetermined set of storage nodes. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. | One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes. During operation, in response to determining that data compaction is triggered, the system regroups valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices. The system further performs error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks. A physical location associated with a respective valid data slice remains unchanged subsequent to the error-correction-coding protection.1. A computer-implemented method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining, by a processor, that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the constructed new erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the constructed new erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the existing erasure-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the same predetermined set of storage nodes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising invalidating parity portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword such that the invalidated parity portions are subject to garbage collection along with the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data. 8. A computer system, comprising:
a processor; and a storage device coupled to the processor and storing instructions, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform a method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and
performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the constructed new erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 9. The computer system of claim 8,
wherein the existing error-correction-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the same predetermined set of storage nodes. 10. The computer system of claim 8, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing a portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 11. The computer system of claim 10, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. 14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises invalidating parity portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword such that the invalidated parity portions are subject to garbage collection along with the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform a method for performing data compaction in a storage system comprising a plurality of storage nodes, the method comprising:
in response to determining, by a processor, that data compaction is triggered, regrouping valid data from a first set of data chunks stored in the storage system into a second set of data chunks such that a respective data chunk from the second set of data chunks comprises contiguous valid data slices, wherein a respective valid data slice in the first set of data chunks is stored at a particular physical location and is included in the second set of data chunks; and performing error-correction-coding protection on the second set of data chunks, which comprises:
locating an existing erasure-coding codeword comprising the valid data slice in the first set of data chunks;
constructing a new erasure-coding codeword in response to the existing erasure-coding codeword comprising invalid data; and
storing the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword in the storage system, wherein the valid data slice included in the newly constructed erasure-coding codeword is stored at the same particular physical location. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15,
wherein the existing error-correction-coding codeword comprises multiple portions that are separately stored in a predetermined set of storage nodes; and wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises writing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword into the predetermined set of storage nodes. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of the received new data; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of the received new data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword comprises:
writing the corresponding portion of the received new data in a same storage node storing the replaced portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data; writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data in their current physical locations. 19. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein constructing the new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
in response to not receiving new data to be stored in the storage system, replacing the portion of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprises invalid data with a corresponding portion of valid data currently located on a same storage node; and computing new parity based on the corresponding portion of valid data and remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein storing the constructed new error-correction-coding codeword further comprises:
writing the computed new parity in same storage nodes storing parity of the existing parity-coding codeword; and keeping the remaining portions of the existing error-correction-coding codeword that comprise valid data and the corresponding portion of valid data in their current physical locations. | 3,700 |
341,807 | 16,802,156 | 3,754 | Providing a risk analysis report for an undesired event may include identifying an attack type resulting in the undesired event and at least one requirement for a successful attack. Providing the report may further include obtaining protection data associated with protection measures that affect the requirements for a successful attack, performing each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data, and in response to determining that the N performances of a simulation indicate at least one wildcard, performing it an additional N times. Providing the report may also include identifying a vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations and generating the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the attack type and the vulnerability. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an undesired event; identify, from a predefined attack database, at least one attack type able to cause the undesired event and for each attack type, at least one requirement for a successful attack; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data associated with protection measures that affect the at least one requirement for a successful attack;
for each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type:
perform the simulation a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data;
determine whether the N performances indicate at least one wildcard;
in response to a determination that the N performances indicate at least one wildcard, perform the simulation an additional N times;
identify, based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 2. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the at least one requirement comprises one or more of: an attacker type, an attacker motivation threshold, and a tactical feasibility threshold. 3. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness for one or more of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness for the one or more of the protection measures over time. 4. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 5. The non-transitory CRM of claim 4, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 6. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to perform the simulation further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulation; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether intent is a driver for the action;
simulate the action based on a first model in response to a determination that intent is a driver for the action; and
simulate the action based on a second model in response to a determination that intent is not a driver for the action. 7. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the first model comprises a Bayesian uncertainty model. 8. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the second model comprises a Brunswik Lens model of probabilistic function. 9. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the request for the risk analysis report for the undesired event comprises a user-defined attack script, and wherein the at least one attack type and the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type are associated with the user-defined attack script. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identify at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generate a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identify, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 11. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify at least one attack type based on the asset type further comprise instructions to obtain, from a pre-defined attack database, at least one attack type relevant to the asset type and at least one requirement for a successful attack of the attack type. 12. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on a context, and wherein the instructions to generate a simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulated attack scenario; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether the action is time-based;
in response to a determination that the action is time-based:
determine whether the action is detectable;
in response to a determination that the action is detectable, determine a simulation step for the action is a time increment;
in response to a determination that the action is undetectable, determine the simulation step is a state-based step;
in response to a determination that the action is not time-based:
determine, based on the protection data, whether a change in the context influences completion of the action;
in response to a determination that the change in the context influences completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a time increment; and
in response to a determination that the change in the context does not influence completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a state-based step.
simulate the action based on the determined simulation step. 13. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the protection measures over time. 14. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 15. The non-transitory CRM of claim 14, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 16. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability further comprise instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability based on at least one calculations and rating model identified in the request for the risk analysis report. 17. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to obtain at least one of:
attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an attacker, attacker perception data for the attack type, wherein the attacker perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the attacker, asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an asset owner, and asset owner perception data for the attack type, wherein the asset owner perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the asset owner, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on the obtained perception data. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identifying at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtaining protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generating a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identifying, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generating the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the request for the risk analysis report for the asset further comprises:
presenting, to a user, an undesired event template comprising parameter entry components for at least one of the asset type for the asset, the protection measures for the asset, the attack type, an attacker type, a threshold damage level, and an attack script; and receiving a user-defined undesired event comprising user-defined parameters from user input in the parameter entry components, wherein the at least one attack type, the simulated attack scenario, and the at least one vulnerability are further based on the user-defined parameters. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the at least one attack type further comprises:
identifying a plurality of attack types based on the asset type for the asset; comparing the plurality of attack types and the user-defined parameters; determining, based on the comparison, which attack types in the plurality of attack types are consistent with the user-defined undesired event; and excluding one or more attack types that are not consistent with the user-defined undesired event from the plurality of attack types to obtain the at least one attack type. | Providing a risk analysis report for an undesired event may include identifying an attack type resulting in the undesired event and at least one requirement for a successful attack. Providing the report may further include obtaining protection data associated with protection measures that affect the requirements for a successful attack, performing each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data, and in response to determining that the N performances of a simulation indicate at least one wildcard, performing it an additional N times. Providing the report may also include identifying a vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations and generating the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the attack type and the vulnerability.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an undesired event; identify, from a predefined attack database, at least one attack type able to cause the undesired event and for each attack type, at least one requirement for a successful attack; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data associated with protection measures that affect the at least one requirement for a successful attack;
for each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type:
perform the simulation a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data;
determine whether the N performances indicate at least one wildcard;
in response to a determination that the N performances indicate at least one wildcard, perform the simulation an additional N times;
identify, based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 2. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the at least one requirement comprises one or more of: an attacker type, an attacker motivation threshold, and a tactical feasibility threshold. 3. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness for one or more of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness for the one or more of the protection measures over time. 4. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 5. The non-transitory CRM of claim 4, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 6. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to perform the simulation further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulation; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether intent is a driver for the action;
simulate the action based on a first model in response to a determination that intent is a driver for the action; and
simulate the action based on a second model in response to a determination that intent is not a driver for the action. 7. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the first model comprises a Bayesian uncertainty model. 8. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the second model comprises a Brunswik Lens model of probabilistic function. 9. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the request for the risk analysis report for the undesired event comprises a user-defined attack script, and wherein the at least one attack type and the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type are associated with the user-defined attack script. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identify at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generate a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identify, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 11. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify at least one attack type based on the asset type further comprise instructions to obtain, from a pre-defined attack database, at least one attack type relevant to the asset type and at least one requirement for a successful attack of the attack type. 12. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on a context, and wherein the instructions to generate a simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulated attack scenario; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether the action is time-based;
in response to a determination that the action is time-based:
determine whether the action is detectable;
in response to a determination that the action is detectable, determine a simulation step for the action is a time increment;
in response to a determination that the action is undetectable, determine the simulation step is a state-based step;
in response to a determination that the action is not time-based:
determine, based on the protection data, whether a change in the context influences completion of the action;
in response to a determination that the change in the context influences completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a time increment; and
in response to a determination that the change in the context does not influence completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a state-based step.
simulate the action based on the determined simulation step. 13. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the protection measures over time. 14. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 15. The non-transitory CRM of claim 14, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 16. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability further comprise instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability based on at least one calculations and rating model identified in the request for the risk analysis report. 17. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to obtain at least one of:
attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an attacker, attacker perception data for the attack type, wherein the attacker perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the attacker, asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an asset owner, and asset owner perception data for the attack type, wherein the asset owner perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the asset owner, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on the obtained perception data. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identifying at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtaining protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generating a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identifying, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generating the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the request for the risk analysis report for the asset further comprises:
presenting, to a user, an undesired event template comprising parameter entry components for at least one of the asset type for the asset, the protection measures for the asset, the attack type, an attacker type, a threshold damage level, and an attack script; and receiving a user-defined undesired event comprising user-defined parameters from user input in the parameter entry components, wherein the at least one attack type, the simulated attack scenario, and the at least one vulnerability are further based on the user-defined parameters. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the at least one attack type further comprises:
identifying a plurality of attack types based on the asset type for the asset; comparing the plurality of attack types and the user-defined parameters; determining, based on the comparison, which attack types in the plurality of attack types are consistent with the user-defined undesired event; and excluding one or more attack types that are not consistent with the user-defined undesired event from the plurality of attack types to obtain the at least one attack type. | 3,700 |
341,808 | 16,802,153 | 3,754 | Providing a risk analysis report for an undesired event may include identifying an attack type resulting in the undesired event and at least one requirement for a successful attack. Providing the report may further include obtaining protection data associated with protection measures that affect the requirements for a successful attack, performing each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data, and in response to determining that the N performances of a simulation indicate at least one wildcard, performing it an additional N times. Providing the report may also include identifying a vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations and generating the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the attack type and the vulnerability. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an undesired event; identify, from a predefined attack database, at least one attack type able to cause the undesired event and for each attack type, at least one requirement for a successful attack; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data associated with protection measures that affect the at least one requirement for a successful attack;
for each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type:
perform the simulation a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data;
determine whether the N performances indicate at least one wildcard;
in response to a determination that the N performances indicate at least one wildcard, perform the simulation an additional N times;
identify, based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 2. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the at least one requirement comprises one or more of: an attacker type, an attacker motivation threshold, and a tactical feasibility threshold. 3. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness for one or more of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness for the one or more of the protection measures over time. 4. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 5. The non-transitory CRM of claim 4, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 6. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to perform the simulation further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulation; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether intent is a driver for the action;
simulate the action based on a first model in response to a determination that intent is a driver for the action; and
simulate the action based on a second model in response to a determination that intent is not a driver for the action. 7. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the first model comprises a Bayesian uncertainty model. 8. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the second model comprises a Brunswik Lens model of probabilistic function. 9. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the request for the risk analysis report for the undesired event comprises a user-defined attack script, and wherein the at least one attack type and the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type are associated with the user-defined attack script. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identify at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generate a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identify, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 11. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify at least one attack type based on the asset type further comprise instructions to obtain, from a pre-defined attack database, at least one attack type relevant to the asset type and at least one requirement for a successful attack of the attack type. 12. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on a context, and wherein the instructions to generate a simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulated attack scenario; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether the action is time-based;
in response to a determination that the action is time-based:
determine whether the action is detectable;
in response to a determination that the action is detectable, determine a simulation step for the action is a time increment;
in response to a determination that the action is undetectable, determine the simulation step is a state-based step;
in response to a determination that the action is not time-based:
determine, based on the protection data, whether a change in the context influences completion of the action;
in response to a determination that the change in the context influences completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a time increment; and
in response to a determination that the change in the context does not influence completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a state-based step.
simulate the action based on the determined simulation step. 13. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the protection measures over time. 14. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 15. The non-transitory CRM of claim 14, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 16. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability further comprise instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability based on at least one calculations and rating model identified in the request for the risk analysis report. 17. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to obtain at least one of:
attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an attacker, attacker perception data for the attack type, wherein the attacker perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the attacker, asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an asset owner, and asset owner perception data for the attack type, wherein the asset owner perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the asset owner, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on the obtained perception data. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identifying at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtaining protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generating a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identifying, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generating the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the request for the risk analysis report for the asset further comprises:
presenting, to a user, an undesired event template comprising parameter entry components for at least one of the asset type for the asset, the protection measures for the asset, the attack type, an attacker type, a threshold damage level, and an attack script; and receiving a user-defined undesired event comprising user-defined parameters from user input in the parameter entry components, wherein the at least one attack type, the simulated attack scenario, and the at least one vulnerability are further based on the user-defined parameters. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the at least one attack type further comprises:
identifying a plurality of attack types based on the asset type for the asset; comparing the plurality of attack types and the user-defined parameters; determining, based on the comparison, which attack types in the plurality of attack types are consistent with the user-defined undesired event; and excluding one or more attack types that are not consistent with the user-defined undesired event from the plurality of attack types to obtain the at least one attack type. | Providing a risk analysis report for an undesired event may include identifying an attack type resulting in the undesired event and at least one requirement for a successful attack. Providing the report may further include obtaining protection data associated with protection measures that affect the requirements for a successful attack, performing each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data, and in response to determining that the N performances of a simulation indicate at least one wildcard, performing it an additional N times. Providing the report may also include identifying a vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations and generating the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the attack type and the vulnerability.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an undesired event; identify, from a predefined attack database, at least one attack type able to cause the undesired event and for each attack type, at least one requirement for a successful attack; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data associated with protection measures that affect the at least one requirement for a successful attack;
for each simulation in a plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type:
perform the simulation a number N of times based on the undesired event, the attack type, and the protection data;
determine whether the N performances indicate at least one wildcard;
in response to a determination that the N performances indicate at least one wildcard, perform the simulation an additional N times;
identify, based on the performances of the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the undesired event based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 2. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the at least one requirement comprises one or more of: an attacker type, an attacker motivation threshold, and a tactical feasibility threshold. 3. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness for one or more of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness for the one or more of the protection measures over time. 4. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 5. The non-transitory CRM of claim 4, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 6. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the instructions to perform the simulation further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulation; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether intent is a driver for the action;
simulate the action based on a first model in response to a determination that intent is a driver for the action; and
simulate the action based on a second model in response to a determination that intent is not a driver for the action. 7. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the first model comprises a Bayesian uncertainty model. 8. The non-transitory CRM of claim 6, wherein the second model comprises a Brunswik Lens model of probabilistic function. 9. The non-transitory CRM of claim 1, wherein the request for the risk analysis report for the undesired event comprises a user-defined attack script, and wherein the at least one attack type and the plurality of Monte Carlo simulations for the attack type are associated with the user-defined attack script. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions stored thereon to cause one or more processors to:
receive a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identify at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtain protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generate a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identify, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generate the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 11. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify at least one attack type based on the asset type further comprise instructions to obtain, from a pre-defined attack database, at least one attack type relevant to the asset type and at least one requirement for a successful attack of the attack type. 12. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on a context, and wherein the instructions to generate a simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to:
obtain a plurality of actions for the simulated attack scenario; for each action in the plurality of actions:
determine whether the action is time-based;
in response to a determination that the action is time-based:
determine whether the action is detectable;
in response to a determination that the action is detectable, determine a simulation step for the action is a time increment;
in response to a determination that the action is undetectable, determine the simulation step is a state-based step;
in response to a determination that the action is not time-based:
determine, based on the protection data, whether a change in the context influences completion of the action;
in response to a determination that the change in the context influences completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a time increment; and
in response to a determination that the change in the context does not influence completion of the action, determine the simulation step is a state-based step.
simulate the action based on the determined simulation step. 13. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the protection data comprises an effectiveness of the protection measures and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the protection measures over time. 14. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the risk analysis report further comprise instructions to:
determine at least one mitigation strategy for the at least one vulnerability; and determine an effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy and a maturity model for the effectiveness of the at least one mitigation strategy over time. 15. The non-transitory CRM of claim 14, wherein the instructions to determine at least one mitigation strategy further comprise instructions to determine an operational cost for the at least one mitigation strategy. 16. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability further comprise instructions to identify the at least one vulnerability based on at least one calculations and rating model identified in the request for the risk analysis report. 17. The non-transitory CRM of claim 10, wherein the instructions to generate the simulated attack scenario further comprise instructions to obtain at least one of:
attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the attacker perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an attacker, attacker perception data for the attack type, wherein the attacker perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the attacker, asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures, wherein the asset owner perception data for the asset and the protection measures is associated with how the asset and the protection measures are perceived by an asset owner, and asset owner perception data for the attack type, wherein the asset owner perception data for the attack type is associated with how the attack type is perceived by the asset owner, wherein the simulated attack scenario is further based on the obtained perception data. 18. A method, comprising:
receiving a request for a risk analysis report for an asset; identifying at least one attack type based on an asset type for the asset; for each of the at least one attack type:
obtaining protection data relevant for the attack type, wherein the protection data is associated with protection measures for the asset;
generating a simulated attack scenario based on the asset, the attack type, and the protection data;
identifying, based on the simulated attack scenario, at least one vulnerability of the protection measures for the asset to the attack type; and
generating the risk analysis report for the asset based on the at least one attack type and the at least one vulnerability. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the request for the risk analysis report for the asset further comprises:
presenting, to a user, an undesired event template comprising parameter entry components for at least one of the asset type for the asset, the protection measures for the asset, the attack type, an attacker type, a threshold damage level, and an attack script; and receiving a user-defined undesired event comprising user-defined parameters from user input in the parameter entry components, wherein the at least one attack type, the simulated attack scenario, and the at least one vulnerability are further based on the user-defined parameters. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein identifying the at least one attack type further comprises:
identifying a plurality of attack types based on the asset type for the asset; comparing the plurality of attack types and the user-defined parameters; determining, based on the comparison, which attack types in the plurality of attack types are consistent with the user-defined undesired event; and excluding one or more attack types that are not consistent with the user-defined undesired event from the plurality of attack types to obtain the at least one attack type. | 3,700 |
341,809 | 16,802,131 | 3,754 | A device may receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application, and may perform natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application. The device may process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application, and may process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application. The device may perform post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, and the volumetric analysis, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs, and may perform actions based on the modified outputs. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application; processing, by the device, the input data, with a machine learning model, to determine application change data and application overview data associated with the application; performing, by the device using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application; processing, by the device, the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application; processing, by the device, the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application; performing, by the device and using the natural language tool kit, post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram,
a modified volumetric analysis,
modified application change data, or
modified application overview data; and
performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the modified outputs,
wherein the one or more actions includes modifying the application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more actions comprises one or more of:
providing, for display, one or more of the modified first state diagram, the modified second state diagram, the modified volumetric analysis, the modified application change data, or the modified application overview data; providing a recommendation for a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs; or automatically implementing a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more actions comprises one or more of:
generating estimated code for the application based on the modified outputs; generating a user manual for the application based on the modified outputs; or retraining one or more of the machine learning model, the heuristic miner model, or the clustering model based on the modified outputs. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents comprises:
removing stop words and punctuations from the user stories and the test case documents; tokenizing words in the user stories and the test case documents to enable analysis of the words in the user stories and the test case documents; removing sentences with less than a predetermined quantity of words from the user stories and the test case documents; and determining most frequent keywords utilized in the user stories and the test case documents. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data comprises:
utilizing natural language processing to remove the duplicate data and the unmeaningful data from the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram comprises:
generating a dependency matrix based on the event logs; generating a dependency graph based on the dependency matrix; generating a causal matrix based on the event logs; and generating the second state diagram based on the dependency graph and the causal matrix. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model includes a random forest classifier model. 8. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application;
perform, using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application;
process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application;
process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application;
perform post processing, using the natural language tool kit, of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, and the volumetric analysis, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram, or
a modified volumetric analysis; and
perform one or more actions based on the modified outputs,
wherein the one or more actions includes modifying the application. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first state diagram and the second state diagram include representations of processes performed by the application. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the volumetric analysis includes a representation of volumes of information processed by the application over a time period. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when performing the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, are configured to:
convert the user stories and the test case documents into a machine-readable text; split the machine-readable text into an array of words; split the array of words into sequences of contiguous words; and calculate word scores for the sequences of contiguous words. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when processing the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, are configured to:
identify, based on the event logs, direct sequence relations and loop relations for the application; generate a direct relation matrix based on the direct sequence relations; generate a loop relation matrix based on the loop relations; generate a final matrix based on the direct relation matrix and the loop relation matrix; and generate the second state diagram based on the final matrix. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the user stories include descriptions of functionalities of the application. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the test case documents include sets of actions to be executed to verify functionalities of the application. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application;
process the input data, with a machine learning model, to determine application change data and application overview data associated with the application;
perform, using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application;
process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application;
process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application;
perform post processing using the natural language tool kit of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram,
a modified volumetric analysis,
modified application change data, or
modified application overview data;
provide, for display, one or more of the modified first state diagram, the modified second state diagram, the modified volumetric analysis, the modified application change data, or the modified application overview data. and
modify the application based on the modified outputs. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further comprise:
one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to one or more of:
provide a recommendation for a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs;
automatically implement a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs;
generate estimated code for the application based on the modified outputs;
generate a user manual for the application based on the modified outputs; or
retrain one or more of the machine learning model, the heuristic miner model, or the clustering model based on the modified outputs. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to perform the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, cause the one or more processors to:
remove stop words and punctuations from the user stories and the test case documents; tokenize words in the user stories and the test case documents to enable analysis of the words in the user stories and the test case documents; remove sentences with less than a predetermined quantity of words from the user stories and the test case documents; and determine most frequent keywords utilized in the user stories and the test case documents. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to process the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, cause the one or more processors to:
generate a dependency matrix based on the event logs; generate a dependency graph based on the dependency matrix; generate a causal matrix based on the event logs; and generate the second state diagram based on the dependency graph and the causal matrix. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to perform the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, cause the one or more processors to:
convert the user stories and the test case documents into a machine-readable text; split the machine-readable text into an array of words; split the array of words into sequences of contiguous words; and calculate word scores for the sequences of contiguous words. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to process the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, cause the one or more processors to:
identify, based on the event logs, direct sequence relations and loop relations for the application; generate a direct relation matrix based on the direct sequence relations; generate a loop relation matrix based on the loop relations; generate a final matrix based on the direct relation matrix and the loop relation matrix; and | A device may receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application, and may perform natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application. The device may process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application, and may process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application. The device may perform post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, and the volumetric analysis, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs, and may perform actions based on the modified outputs.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device, input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application; processing, by the device, the input data, with a machine learning model, to determine application change data and application overview data associated with the application; performing, by the device using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application; processing, by the device, the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application; processing, by the device, the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application; performing, by the device and using the natural language tool kit, post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram,
a modified volumetric analysis,
modified application change data, or
modified application overview data; and
performing, by the device, one or more actions based on the modified outputs,
wherein the one or more actions includes modifying the application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more actions comprises one or more of:
providing, for display, one or more of the modified first state diagram, the modified second state diagram, the modified volumetric analysis, the modified application change data, or the modified application overview data; providing a recommendation for a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs; or automatically implementing a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the one or more actions comprises one or more of:
generating estimated code for the application based on the modified outputs; generating a user manual for the application based on the modified outputs; or retraining one or more of the machine learning model, the heuristic miner model, or the clustering model based on the modified outputs. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents comprises:
removing stop words and punctuations from the user stories and the test case documents; tokenizing words in the user stories and the test case documents to enable analysis of the words in the user stories and the test case documents; removing sentences with less than a predetermined quantity of words from the user stories and the test case documents; and determining most frequent keywords utilized in the user stories and the test case documents. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the post processing of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data comprises:
utilizing natural language processing to remove the duplicate data and the unmeaningful data from the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram comprises:
generating a dependency matrix based on the event logs; generating a dependency graph based on the dependency matrix; generating a causal matrix based on the event logs; and generating the second state diagram based on the dependency graph and the causal matrix. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model includes a random forest classifier model. 8. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application;
perform, using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application;
process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application;
process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application;
perform post processing, using the natural language tool kit, of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, and the volumetric analysis, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram, or
a modified volumetric analysis; and
perform one or more actions based on the modified outputs,
wherein the one or more actions includes modifying the application. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the first state diagram and the second state diagram include representations of processes performed by the application. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the volumetric analysis includes a representation of volumes of information processed by the application over a time period. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when performing the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, are configured to:
convert the user stories and the test case documents into a machine-readable text; split the machine-readable text into an array of words; split the array of words into sequences of contiguous words; and calculate word scores for the sequences of contiguous words. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, when processing the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, are configured to:
identify, based on the event logs, direct sequence relations and loop relations for the application; generate a direct relation matrix based on the direct sequence relations; generate a loop relation matrix based on the loop relations; generate a final matrix based on the direct relation matrix and the loop relation matrix; and generate the second state diagram based on the final matrix. 13. The device of claim 8, wherein the user stories include descriptions of functionalities of the application. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the test case documents include sets of actions to be executed to verify functionalities of the application. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive input data identifying user stories, test case documents, event logs, and application logs associated with an application;
process the input data, with a machine learning model, to determine application change data and application overview data associated with the application;
perform, using a natural language tool kit, natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, identified in the input data, to generate a first state diagram associated with the application;
process the event logs identified in the input data, with a heuristic miner model, to generate a second state diagram associated with the application;
process the application logs identified in the input data, with a clustering model, to generate a volumetric analysis associated with the application;
perform post processing using the natural language tool kit of the first state diagram, the second state diagram, the volumetric analysis, the application change data, and the application overview data, to remove duplicate data and unmeaningful data and to generate modified outputs,
wherein the modified outputs include one or more of:
a modified first state diagram,
a modified second state diagram,
a modified volumetric analysis,
modified application change data, or
modified application overview data;
provide, for display, one or more of the modified first state diagram, the modified second state diagram, the modified volumetric analysis, the modified application change data, or the modified application overview data. and
modify the application based on the modified outputs. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the instructions further comprise:
one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to one or more of:
provide a recommendation for a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs;
automatically implement a modification to code of the application based on the modified outputs;
generate estimated code for the application based on the modified outputs;
generate a user manual for the application based on the modified outputs; or
retrain one or more of the machine learning model, the heuristic miner model, or the clustering model based on the modified outputs. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to perform the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, cause the one or more processors to:
remove stop words and punctuations from the user stories and the test case documents; tokenize words in the user stories and the test case documents to enable analysis of the words in the user stories and the test case documents; remove sentences with less than a predetermined quantity of words from the user stories and the test case documents; and determine most frequent keywords utilized in the user stories and the test case documents. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to process the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, cause the one or more processors to:
generate a dependency matrix based on the event logs; generate a dependency graph based on the dependency matrix; generate a causal matrix based on the event logs; and generate the second state diagram based on the dependency graph and the causal matrix. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to perform the natural language processing on the user stories and the test case documents, cause the one or more processors to:
convert the user stories and the test case documents into a machine-readable text; split the machine-readable text into an array of words; split the array of words into sequences of contiguous words; and calculate word scores for the sequences of contiguous words. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more instructions, that cause the one or more processors to process the event logs identified in the input data, with the heuristic miner model, to generate the second state diagram, cause the one or more processors to:
identify, based on the event logs, direct sequence relations and loop relations for the application; generate a direct relation matrix based on the direct sequence relations; generate a loop relation matrix based on the loop relations; generate a final matrix based on the direct relation matrix and the loop relation matrix; and | 3,700 |
341,810 | 16,802,185 | 1,661 | The invention is a method for enhanced growth of mycelium in culture including the key steps of seed blend choice from among corn, rice, quinoa, chia, canihua, cumin and flax seed, germinating the seed blend prior to inoculating the mycelium starter, and conducting the mushroom cultivation with water and particular transmissions of sound and particularly colored light. Mushrooms grown by such a method not only mature in 13-15 days rather than 21 days, but have an enhanced nutritional and medicinal profile along with absence of unwanted organism contaminants whose unwanted overgrowth occurs during days 16-21 (or days 16-28) of typical mushroom culture. | 1. A method of improving the growth an constitution of edible mushrooms, comprising the steps of blending a seed-based growth substrate containing between 3 and 8 seeds selected from the group consisting of corn, quinoa, canihua, chia, cumin, flax seed and rice, moistening said seed blend with water, germinating said seed-based growth substrate for between 18 and 48 hours prior to inoculating mycelium starter on said growth substrate and growing the resulting mushrooms for 13-15 days in the presence of one or more of the sound frequencies selected from the group consisting of 396 Hz, 417 Hz, 444 Hz, 52.8 Hz, 639 Hz, 741 Hz and 852 Hz and also in the presence of transmission of colored light. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains one or more red, purple or black colored seeds. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains at least red canihua, red flax seed and black chia. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains at least three of purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed, and purple rice. 5. The method of claim 1, where said seed-based growth substrate contains all of purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed and purple rice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said sound frequencies are transmitted along with music containing tones corresponding to said frequencies and further wherein said music is transmitted at a level between 50-80 decibels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said colored light is present at a strength of between 250 to 3000 lumens per 25,000 square feet of mushroom culture space and includes the colors purple, blue, green, orange and red and shades in between (but not yellow). 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said enhanced ORP water has an ORP value between −400 and −600. 9. The method according of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed and purple rice, blended in the ratio of about 93% by weight purple corn with the remaining 7% by weight being equally distributed among the other seven seeds. 10. A mushroom product prepared according to the method of claim 1. | The invention is a method for enhanced growth of mycelium in culture including the key steps of seed blend choice from among corn, rice, quinoa, chia, canihua, cumin and flax seed, germinating the seed blend prior to inoculating the mycelium starter, and conducting the mushroom cultivation with water and particular transmissions of sound and particularly colored light. Mushrooms grown by such a method not only mature in 13-15 days rather than 21 days, but have an enhanced nutritional and medicinal profile along with absence of unwanted organism contaminants whose unwanted overgrowth occurs during days 16-21 (or days 16-28) of typical mushroom culture.1. A method of improving the growth an constitution of edible mushrooms, comprising the steps of blending a seed-based growth substrate containing between 3 and 8 seeds selected from the group consisting of corn, quinoa, canihua, chia, cumin, flax seed and rice, moistening said seed blend with water, germinating said seed-based growth substrate for between 18 and 48 hours prior to inoculating mycelium starter on said growth substrate and growing the resulting mushrooms for 13-15 days in the presence of one or more of the sound frequencies selected from the group consisting of 396 Hz, 417 Hz, 444 Hz, 52.8 Hz, 639 Hz, 741 Hz and 852 Hz and also in the presence of transmission of colored light. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains one or more red, purple or black colored seeds. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains at least red canihua, red flax seed and black chia. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains at least three of purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed, and purple rice. 5. The method of claim 1, where said seed-based growth substrate contains all of purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed and purple rice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said sound frequencies are transmitted along with music containing tones corresponding to said frequencies and further wherein said music is transmitted at a level between 50-80 decibels. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said colored light is present at a strength of between 250 to 3000 lumens per 25,000 square feet of mushroom culture space and includes the colors purple, blue, green, orange and red and shades in between (but not yellow). 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said enhanced ORP water has an ORP value between −400 and −600. 9. The method according of claim 1, wherein said seed-based growth substrate contains purple corn, black quinoa, red quinoa, red canihua, black chia, black cumin, red flax seed and purple rice, blended in the ratio of about 93% by weight purple corn with the remaining 7% by weight being equally distributed among the other seven seeds. 10. A mushroom product prepared according to the method of claim 1. | 1,600 |
341,811 | 16,802,149 | 1,661 | A voice processing device includes a voice receiver that receives a voice, an imager, an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager, an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer, a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image being included in the captured image, and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner. | 1. A voice processing device comprising:
a voice receiver that receives a voice; an imager; an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager; an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer; a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner. 2. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits a voice received following the specific word by the voice receiver, as a command voice, to a server device that executes the predetermined command. 3. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is not the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits the voice to a predetermined external device. 4. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice received by the voice receiver matches the specific word and a direction of a face of the utterer or a line of sight of the utterer included in the captured image is directed to the imager, the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word. 5. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein the voice transmitter switches, based on a determination result by the voice determiner, between a first transmission mode in which the voice received by the voice receiver is transmitted to a server device that executes the predetermined command and a second transmission mode in which the voice received by the voice receiver is transmitted to a predetermined external device. 6. The voice processing device according to claim 5, further including a display process operator that causes to display identification information indicating the first transmission mode or the second transmission mode. 7. The voice processing device according to claim 5, further including an adjustment process operator that adjusts a directivity of a microphone that collects the voice, into a direction of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier if the second transmission mode is switched to the first transmission mode by the voice transmitter. 8. The voice processing device according to claim 2, further including a response process operator that acquires a response corresponding to the command executed in the server device from the server device, and outputs the response. 9. A meeting system comprising a first voice processing device and a second voice processing device that are connected to each other via a network so that a voice received by the first voice processing device is transmitted to the second voice processing device and a voice received by the second voice processing device is transmitted to the first voice processing device, in which the first voice processing device includes:
a voice receiver that receives a voice; an imager; an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager; an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer; a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits a voice received following the specific word by the voice receiver, as a command voice, to a server device that executes the predetermined command, and if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is not the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits the voice to the second voice processing device. 10. The meeting system according to claim 9, wherein the second voice processing device outputs the voice received from the first voice processing device. 11. A voice processing method for executing, by one or more processors:
a voice reception process for receiving a voice; an image processing process for acquiring a captured image captured by an imager; an utterer identifying process for identifying an utterer based on the voice received at the voice reception process and the captured image acquired at the image processing process; a voice determination process for determining whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received at the voice reception process and an image of the utterer identified at the utterer identifying process, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmission process for switching a transmission destination of the voice received at the voice reception process based on a determination result at the voice determination process. | A voice processing device includes a voice receiver that receives a voice, an imager, an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager, an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer, a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image being included in the captured image, and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner.1. A voice processing device comprising:
a voice receiver that receives a voice; an imager; an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager; an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer; a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner. 2. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits a voice received following the specific word by the voice receiver, as a command voice, to a server device that executes the predetermined command. 3. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is not the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits the voice to a predetermined external device. 4. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein if the voice received by the voice receiver matches the specific word and a direction of a face of the utterer or a line of sight of the utterer included in the captured image is directed to the imager, the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word. 5. The voice processing device according to claim 1, wherein the voice transmitter switches, based on a determination result by the voice determiner, between a first transmission mode in which the voice received by the voice receiver is transmitted to a server device that executes the predetermined command and a second transmission mode in which the voice received by the voice receiver is transmitted to a predetermined external device. 6. The voice processing device according to claim 5, further including a display process operator that causes to display identification information indicating the first transmission mode or the second transmission mode. 7. The voice processing device according to claim 5, further including an adjustment process operator that adjusts a directivity of a microphone that collects the voice, into a direction of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier if the second transmission mode is switched to the first transmission mode by the voice transmitter. 8. The voice processing device according to claim 2, further including a response process operator that acquires a response corresponding to the command executed in the server device from the server device, and outputs the response. 9. A meeting system comprising a first voice processing device and a second voice processing device that are connected to each other via a network so that a voice received by the first voice processing device is transmitted to the second voice processing device and a voice received by the second voice processing device is transmitted to the first voice processing device, in which the first voice processing device includes:
a voice receiver that receives a voice; an imager; an image acquirer that acquires a captured image captured by the imager; an utterer identifier that identifies an utterer based on the voice received by the voice receiver and the captured image acquired by the image acquirer; a voice determiner that determines whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received by the voice receiver and an image of the utterer identified by the utterer identifier, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmitter that switches a transmission destination of the voice received by the voice receiver based on a determination result by the voice determiner, wherein if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits a voice received following the specific word by the voice receiver, as a command voice, to a server device that executes the predetermined command, and if the voice determiner determines that the voice received by the voice receiver is not the specific word, the voice transmitter transmits the voice to the second voice processing device. 10. The meeting system according to claim 9, wherein the second voice processing device outputs the voice received from the first voice processing device. 11. A voice processing method for executing, by one or more processors:
a voice reception process for receiving a voice; an image processing process for acquiring a captured image captured by an imager; an utterer identifying process for identifying an utterer based on the voice received at the voice reception process and the captured image acquired at the image processing process; a voice determination process for determining whether the voice is a specific word for starting receiving a predetermined command based on the voice received at the voice reception process and an image of the utterer identified at the utterer identifying process, the image of the utterer being included in the captured image; and a voice transmission process for switching a transmission destination of the voice received at the voice reception process based on a determination result at the voice determination process. | 1,600 |
341,812 | 16,802,192 | 2,631 | The disclosure provides a narrowband filter coupled to a signal path of a first system. The narrowband filter includes a first frequency converter, an integrator, and a second frequency converter coupled to each other in a sequence. The first frequency converter has a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first system. The narrowband filter also includes a current generator. The current generator has a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. The narrowband filter dynamically adjusts a current being drawn from the signal path of the first system, as to detect and eliminate the frequency band of the unwanted signal generated by an influence of a second system close to the first system. | 1. A single carrier cancellation (SCC) circuit, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, having a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, and configured to frequency convert the input signal based on a first local oscillating frequency of the first signal processing system and a second local oscillating frequency of a second signal processing system; a low pass filter, having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter; and a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract a signal received from the second terminal from the input signal. 2. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 3. The SCC circuit of claim 2, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the first input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 4. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a difference amplifier, having a first input terminal coupled to the input signal and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 5. The SCC circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the first frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency, and the second frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency. 6. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 7. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 8. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the input signal includes a wanted signal and an unwanted signal produced by the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 9. A narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, configured to perform a frequency down-conversion based on a first local oscillator frequency received from the first signal processing system and a second local oscillator frequency received from a second signal processing system; an integrator, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; and a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the integrator, and configured to perform a frequency up-conversion based on the first local oscillator frequency and the second local oscillator frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating an influence of the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 10. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract the output signal generated by the second frequency converter from the input signal. 11. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. 12. The narrowband filter of claim 11, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 13. The narrowband filter of claim 11, further comprising a mixer receiving the first local oscillator frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillator frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies and output the reference frequency to the first and second frequency converter. 14. A radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit, coupled to an antenna for receiving a RF frequency signal, comprising:
a first signal processing system, having a first local oscillator generating a first local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; a second signal processing system, having a second local oscillator generating a second local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; and a narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of the first signal processing system, and configured to attenuate an unwanted signal received at an input of the first signal processing system based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the unwanted signal is caused by the second local oscillator of the second signal processing system. 15. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter is configured to attenuates the unwanted signal according to a difference between the first and second local oscillating frequencies. 16. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the narrowband filter attenuates the unwanted signal based on the reference frequency. 17. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter comprises:
a mixer, receiving the first and second local oscillating frequencies and generating a reference frequency; a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system and the reference frequency; and a low pass filter, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter, and receiving the reference frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating the unwanted signal. 18. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 19. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the output of the low pass filter based on the reference frequency. 20. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the first and second local oscillating frequencies are utilized for converting the received RF signal to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, wherein the second local oscillating frequency is higher than the first local oscillating frequency. | The disclosure provides a narrowband filter coupled to a signal path of a first system. The narrowband filter includes a first frequency converter, an integrator, and a second frequency converter coupled to each other in a sequence. The first frequency converter has a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first system. The narrowband filter also includes a current generator. The current generator has a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. The narrowband filter dynamically adjusts a current being drawn from the signal path of the first system, as to detect and eliminate the frequency band of the unwanted signal generated by an influence of a second system close to the first system.1. A single carrier cancellation (SCC) circuit, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, having a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, and configured to frequency convert the input signal based on a first local oscillating frequency of the first signal processing system and a second local oscillating frequency of a second signal processing system; a low pass filter, having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter; and a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract a signal received from the second terminal from the input signal. 2. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 3. The SCC circuit of claim 2, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the first input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 4. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a difference amplifier, having a first input terminal coupled to the input signal and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 5. The SCC circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the first frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency, and the second frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency. 6. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 7. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 8. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the input signal includes a wanted signal and an unwanted signal produced by the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 9. A narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, configured to perform a frequency down-conversion based on a first local oscillator frequency received from the first signal processing system and a second local oscillator frequency received from a second signal processing system; an integrator, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; and a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the integrator, and configured to perform a frequency up-conversion based on the first local oscillator frequency and the second local oscillator frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating an influence of the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 10. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract the output signal generated by the second frequency converter from the input signal. 11. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. 12. The narrowband filter of claim 11, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 13. The narrowband filter of claim 11, further comprising a mixer receiving the first local oscillator frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillator frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies and output the reference frequency to the first and second frequency converter. 14. A radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit, coupled to an antenna for receiving a RF frequency signal, comprising:
a first signal processing system, having a first local oscillator generating a first local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; a second signal processing system, having a second local oscillator generating a second local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; and a narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of the first signal processing system, and configured to attenuate an unwanted signal received at an input of the first signal processing system based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the unwanted signal is caused by the second local oscillator of the second signal processing system. 15. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter is configured to attenuates the unwanted signal according to a difference between the first and second local oscillating frequencies. 16. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the narrowband filter attenuates the unwanted signal based on the reference frequency. 17. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter comprises:
a mixer, receiving the first and second local oscillating frequencies and generating a reference frequency; a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system and the reference frequency; and a low pass filter, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter, and receiving the reference frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating the unwanted signal. 18. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 19. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the output of the low pass filter based on the reference frequency. 20. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the first and second local oscillating frequencies are utilized for converting the received RF signal to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, wherein the second local oscillating frequency is higher than the first local oscillating frequency. | 2,600 |
341,813 | 16,802,183 | 2,631 | The disclosure provides a narrowband filter coupled to a signal path of a first system. The narrowband filter includes a first frequency converter, an integrator, and a second frequency converter coupled to each other in a sequence. The first frequency converter has a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first system. The narrowband filter also includes a current generator. The current generator has a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. The narrowband filter dynamically adjusts a current being drawn from the signal path of the first system, as to detect and eliminate the frequency band of the unwanted signal generated by an influence of a second system close to the first system. | 1. A single carrier cancellation (SCC) circuit, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, having a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, and configured to frequency convert the input signal based on a first local oscillating frequency of the first signal processing system and a second local oscillating frequency of a second signal processing system; a low pass filter, having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter; and a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract a signal received from the second terminal from the input signal. 2. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 3. The SCC circuit of claim 2, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the first input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 4. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a difference amplifier, having a first input terminal coupled to the input signal and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 5. The SCC circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the first frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency, and the second frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency. 6. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 7. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 8. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the input signal includes a wanted signal and an unwanted signal produced by the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 9. A narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, configured to perform a frequency down-conversion based on a first local oscillator frequency received from the first signal processing system and a second local oscillator frequency received from a second signal processing system; an integrator, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; and a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the integrator, and configured to perform a frequency up-conversion based on the first local oscillator frequency and the second local oscillator frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating an influence of the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 10. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract the output signal generated by the second frequency converter from the input signal. 11. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. 12. The narrowband filter of claim 11, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 13. The narrowband filter of claim 11, further comprising a mixer receiving the first local oscillator frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillator frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies and output the reference frequency to the first and second frequency converter. 14. A radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit, coupled to an antenna for receiving a RF frequency signal, comprising:
a first signal processing system, having a first local oscillator generating a first local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; a second signal processing system, having a second local oscillator generating a second local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; and a narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of the first signal processing system, and configured to attenuate an unwanted signal received at an input of the first signal processing system based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the unwanted signal is caused by the second local oscillator of the second signal processing system. 15. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter is configured to attenuates the unwanted signal according to a difference between the first and second local oscillating frequencies. 16. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the narrowband filter attenuates the unwanted signal based on the reference frequency. 17. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter comprises:
a mixer, receiving the first and second local oscillating frequencies and generating a reference frequency; a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system and the reference frequency; and a low pass filter, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter, and receiving the reference frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating the unwanted signal. 18. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 19. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the output of the low pass filter based on the reference frequency. 20. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the first and second local oscillating frequencies are utilized for converting the received RF signal to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, wherein the second local oscillating frequency is higher than the first local oscillating frequency. | The disclosure provides a narrowband filter coupled to a signal path of a first system. The narrowband filter includes a first frequency converter, an integrator, and a second frequency converter coupled to each other in a sequence. The first frequency converter has a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first system. The narrowband filter also includes a current generator. The current generator has a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. The narrowband filter dynamically adjusts a current being drawn from the signal path of the first system, as to detect and eliminate the frequency band of the unwanted signal generated by an influence of a second system close to the first system.1. A single carrier cancellation (SCC) circuit, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, having a first input terminal receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, and configured to frequency convert the input signal based on a first local oscillating frequency of the first signal processing system and a second local oscillating frequency of a second signal processing system; a low pass filter, having an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, having a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter; and a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract a signal received from the second terminal from the input signal. 2. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 3. The SCC circuit of claim 2, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the first input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 4. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the combiner comprises:
a difference amplifier, having a first input terminal coupled to the input signal and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second frequency converter. 5. The SCC circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the first frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency, and the second frequency converter further comprises a second input terminal receiving the reference frequency. 6. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 7. The SCC circuit of claim 5, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 8. The SCC circuit of claim 1, wherein the input signal includes a wanted signal and an unwanted signal produced by the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 9. A narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of a first signal processing system, comprising:
a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system, configured to perform a frequency down-conversion based on a first local oscillator frequency received from the first signal processing system and a second local oscillator frequency received from a second signal processing system; an integrator, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; and a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the integrator, and configured to perform a frequency up-conversion based on the first local oscillator frequency and the second local oscillator frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating an influence of the second signal processing system at an input terminal of the first signal processing system. 10. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a combiner, having a first terminal receiving the input signal and a second terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter, and configured to subtract the output signal generated by the second frequency converter from the input signal. 11. The narrowband filter of claim 9, further comprising:
a current generator, having a first terminal coupled to the input signal, a second terminal coupled to a first voltage, and a control terminal coupled to an output terminal of the second frequency converter. 12. The narrowband filter of claim 11, wherein the first terminal of the current generator is coupled to the input terminal of the first frequency converter, and the input signal of the first signal processing system is coupled to a common node between the current generator and the first frequency converter. 13. The narrowband filter of claim 11, further comprising a mixer receiving the first local oscillator frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillator frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies and output the reference frequency to the first and second frequency converter. 14. A radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit, coupled to an antenna for receiving a RF frequency signal, comprising:
a first signal processing system, having a first local oscillator generating a first local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; a second signal processing system, having a second local oscillator generating a second local oscillating frequency for processing the received RF signal; and a narrowband filter, coupled to a signal path of the first signal processing system, and configured to attenuate an unwanted signal received at an input of the first signal processing system based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the unwanted signal is caused by the second local oscillator of the second signal processing system. 15. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter is configured to attenuates the unwanted signal according to a difference between the first and second local oscillating frequencies. 16. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, further comprising:
a mixer receiving the first local oscillating frequency from the first signal processing system and the second local oscillating frequency from the second signal processing system, and configured to generate a reference frequency based on the first and second local oscillating frequencies, wherein the narrowband filter attenuates the unwanted signal based on the reference frequency. 17. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the narrowband filter comprises:
a mixer, receiving the first and second local oscillating frequencies and generating a reference frequency; a first frequency converter, receiving an input signal from the first signal processing system and the reference frequency; and a low pass filter, coupled to an output terminal of the first frequency converter; a second frequency converter, coupled to an output terminal of the low pass filter, and receiving the reference frequency, and generating an output signal for attenuating the unwanted signal. 18. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the first frequency converter is configured to down-convert the input signal based on the reference frequency. 19. The RF receiver circuit of claim 17, wherein the second frequency converter is configured to up-convert the output of the low pass filter based on the reference frequency. 20. The RF receiver circuit of claim 14, wherein the first and second local oscillating frequencies are utilized for converting the received RF signal to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, wherein the second local oscillating frequency is higher than the first local oscillating frequency. | 2,600 |
341,814 | 16,802,171 | 2,631 | Disclosed are methods and compositions useful in preventing or treating a metabolic disorder by using a protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. | 1. Use of a protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 in manufacturing a medicament for preventing or treating a metabolic disorder in a subject. 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, refractory diabetes, and combinations thereof. 3. The use according to claim 1, wherein in the medicament is formulated for subcutaneous, topical, intraneural, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, intracerebroventricular, or intrathecal administration. 4. A method for preventing or treating a metabolic disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a protein having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the protein is administered subcutaneously, topically, intraneurally, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the protein is administered subcutaneously. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, refractory diabetes, and combinations thereof. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the protein is administered at a dose of 0.01 to 1 mg/kg once or twice a day. 9. A protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, for use in the prevention or treatment of a metabolic disorder in a subject. | Disclosed are methods and compositions useful in preventing or treating a metabolic disorder by using a protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.1. Use of a protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 in manufacturing a medicament for preventing or treating a metabolic disorder in a subject. 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, refractory diabetes, and combinations thereof. 3. The use according to claim 1, wherein in the medicament is formulated for subcutaneous, topical, intraneural, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, intracerebroventricular, or intrathecal administration. 4. A method for preventing or treating a metabolic disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a protein having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the protein is administered subcutaneously, topically, intraneurally, intraperitoneally, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the protein is administered subcutaneously. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from the group consisting of hyperglycemia, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, refractory diabetes, and combinations thereof. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the protein is administered at a dose of 0.01 to 1 mg/kg once or twice a day. 9. A protein having an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, for use in the prevention or treatment of a metabolic disorder in a subject. | 2,600 |
341,815 | 16,802,138 | 2,631 | An optical probe includes a lens combination, an optical fiber assembly, and a cover. The lens combination includes a first lens and a second lens. The first lens has a generally planar first lens surface defining an oval edge. The second lens has a generally planar second lens surface operatively coupled to the first lens surface. The second lens has four primary edges and at least two secondary edges connecting pairs of the primary edges. Each primary edge extends in substantially a straight line between two spaced-apart points at the oval edge of the first lens. The optical fiber and the lens combination are configured such that a light beam exiting the optical fiber enters the lens combination at an entering surface of the first lens, passes through the first lens and exits the first lens at the first lens surface. The cover circumferentially surrounds the optical fiber assembly. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. An optical probe comprising:
an optical fiber assembly including an optical fiber; an optical component assembly including a first optical component having a first end surface and a second optical component having a second end surface confronting the first end surface of the first optical component, wherein the second end surface of the second optical component is attached to the first end surface of the first optical component by a first adhesive that at least partially circumferentially surrounds the second end surface of the second optical component; and a first cover attached to and circumferentially surrounding the optical fiber assembly, wherein the first adhesive or a second adhesive different from the first adhesive attaches the second optical component to the first cover. 14. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein one of the first adhesive or second adhesive that attaches the second optical component to the first is bounded by the first cover. 15. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the first optical component and the second optical component are configured such that a light beam exiting the first optical component lens at the first end surface enters the second optical component at the second end surface, and wherein the second optical component further comprises:
a generally planar angled surface, wherein the second end surface is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the angled surface such that a light beam that enters the second optical component at the second end surface is reflected at the angled surface; and an exit surface arranged such that light reflected by the angled surface is directed towards the exit surface. 16. The optical probe of claim 15, wherein the exit surface of the second optical component is a concave surface curving inwardly towards an interior of the second optical component. 17. The optical probe of claim 15, wherein the first optical component is a GRIN lens, further comprising a glass spacer rod positioned within the first cover between the GRIN lens and the optical fiber. 18. The optical probe of claim 15, further comprising a sheath, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, wherein the first cover defines an opening radially offset from the longitudinal axis and overlying the exit surface of the second optical component, and wherein the sheath covers the opening. 19. The optical probe of claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the sheath covering the opening is flat. 20. The optical probe of claim 13, further comprising a second cover overlapping or underlapping the first cover. 21. The optical probe of claim 20, wherein the second cover is a torque coil configured to exert torque on the optical probe such that the second optical component is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the optical fiber. 22. The optical probe of claim 20, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, and wherein the second cover is configured to cover a terminal end of the optical probe to prevent exposure of the second optical component at the terminal end, the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber passing through the second cover. 23. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve. 24. The optical probe of claim 23, wherein the first cover further includes a torque coil attached to the outer sleeve, the torque coil being configured to exert torque on the optical probe. 25. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the first optical component such that the first cover is spaced apart from an exposed surface of the optical fiber to form a gap therebetween, the gap being defined by at least the exposed surface of the optical fiber, the first cover, and the first optical component. 26. The optical probe of claim 25, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached by a third adhesive to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve, wherein the inner sleeve is attached by the third adhesive to the first optical component, and wherein the gap is filled with the third adhesive. 27. The optical probe of claim 26, wherein the first adhesive and the third adhesive are the same adhesive, and wherein the second adhesive is different from the third adhesive. 28. An optical probe comprising:
an optical fiber assembly including an optical fiber; an optical component assembly including a first optical component having a first end surface and a second optical component having a second end surface confronting the first end surface of the first optical component, wherein the second end surface of the second optical component is attached to the first end surface of the first optical component by a first adhesive that at least partially circumferentially surrounds the second end surface of the second optical component; and a first cover attached to and circumferentially surrounding the optical fiber assembly, the first adhesive or a second adhesive different from the first adhesive being bounded by the first cover, wherein the first adhesive or the second adhesive bounded by the first cover attaches the second optical component to the first cover; and a second cover overlapping or underlapping the first cover. 29. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the first optical component and the second optical component are configured such that a light beam exiting the first optical component lens at the first end surface enters the second optical component at the second end surface, and wherein the second optical component further comprises:
a generally planar angled surface, wherein the second end surface is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the angled surface such that a light beam that enters the second optical component at the second end surface is reflected at the angled surface; and an exit surface arranged such that light reflected by the angled surface is directed towards the exit surface. 30. The optical probe of claim 29, wherein the exit surface of the second optical component is a concave surface curving inwardly towards an interior of the second optical component. 31. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the second cover is a torque coil configured to exert torque on the optical probe such that the second optical component is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the optical fiber. 32. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, and wherein the second cover is configured to cover a terminal end of the optical probe to prevent exposure of the second optical component at the terminal end, the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber passing through the second cover. 33. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the first optical component such that the first cover is spaced apart from an exposed surface of the optical fiber to form a gap therebetween, the gap being defined by at least the exposed surface of the optical fiber, the first cover, and the first optical component. 34. The optical probe of claim 33, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached by a third adhesive to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve, wherein the inner sleeve is attached by the third adhesive to the first optical component, and wherein the gap is filled with the third adhesive. | An optical probe includes a lens combination, an optical fiber assembly, and a cover. The lens combination includes a first lens and a second lens. The first lens has a generally planar first lens surface defining an oval edge. The second lens has a generally planar second lens surface operatively coupled to the first lens surface. The second lens has four primary edges and at least two secondary edges connecting pairs of the primary edges. Each primary edge extends in substantially a straight line between two spaced-apart points at the oval edge of the first lens. The optical fiber and the lens combination are configured such that a light beam exiting the optical fiber enters the lens combination at an entering surface of the first lens, passes through the first lens and exits the first lens at the first lens surface. The cover circumferentially surrounds the optical fiber assembly.1-12. (canceled) 13. An optical probe comprising:
an optical fiber assembly including an optical fiber; an optical component assembly including a first optical component having a first end surface and a second optical component having a second end surface confronting the first end surface of the first optical component, wherein the second end surface of the second optical component is attached to the first end surface of the first optical component by a first adhesive that at least partially circumferentially surrounds the second end surface of the second optical component; and a first cover attached to and circumferentially surrounding the optical fiber assembly, wherein the first adhesive or a second adhesive different from the first adhesive attaches the second optical component to the first cover. 14. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein one of the first adhesive or second adhesive that attaches the second optical component to the first is bounded by the first cover. 15. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the first optical component and the second optical component are configured such that a light beam exiting the first optical component lens at the first end surface enters the second optical component at the second end surface, and wherein the second optical component further comprises:
a generally planar angled surface, wherein the second end surface is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the angled surface such that a light beam that enters the second optical component at the second end surface is reflected at the angled surface; and an exit surface arranged such that light reflected by the angled surface is directed towards the exit surface. 16. The optical probe of claim 15, wherein the exit surface of the second optical component is a concave surface curving inwardly towards an interior of the second optical component. 17. The optical probe of claim 15, wherein the first optical component is a GRIN lens, further comprising a glass spacer rod positioned within the first cover between the GRIN lens and the optical fiber. 18. The optical probe of claim 15, further comprising a sheath, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, wherein the first cover defines an opening radially offset from the longitudinal axis and overlying the exit surface of the second optical component, and wherein the sheath covers the opening. 19. The optical probe of claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the sheath covering the opening is flat. 20. The optical probe of claim 13, further comprising a second cover overlapping or underlapping the first cover. 21. The optical probe of claim 20, wherein the second cover is a torque coil configured to exert torque on the optical probe such that the second optical component is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the optical fiber. 22. The optical probe of claim 20, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, and wherein the second cover is configured to cover a terminal end of the optical probe to prevent exposure of the second optical component at the terminal end, the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber passing through the second cover. 23. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve. 24. The optical probe of claim 23, wherein the first cover further includes a torque coil attached to the outer sleeve, the torque coil being configured to exert torque on the optical probe. 25. The optical probe of claim 13, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the first optical component such that the first cover is spaced apart from an exposed surface of the optical fiber to form a gap therebetween, the gap being defined by at least the exposed surface of the optical fiber, the first cover, and the first optical component. 26. The optical probe of claim 25, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached by a third adhesive to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve, wherein the inner sleeve is attached by the third adhesive to the first optical component, and wherein the gap is filled with the third adhesive. 27. The optical probe of claim 26, wherein the first adhesive and the third adhesive are the same adhesive, and wherein the second adhesive is different from the third adhesive. 28. An optical probe comprising:
an optical fiber assembly including an optical fiber; an optical component assembly including a first optical component having a first end surface and a second optical component having a second end surface confronting the first end surface of the first optical component, wherein the second end surface of the second optical component is attached to the first end surface of the first optical component by a first adhesive that at least partially circumferentially surrounds the second end surface of the second optical component; and a first cover attached to and circumferentially surrounding the optical fiber assembly, the first adhesive or a second adhesive different from the first adhesive being bounded by the first cover, wherein the first adhesive or the second adhesive bounded by the first cover attaches the second optical component to the first cover; and a second cover overlapping or underlapping the first cover. 29. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the first optical component and the second optical component are configured such that a light beam exiting the first optical component lens at the first end surface enters the second optical component at the second end surface, and wherein the second optical component further comprises:
a generally planar angled surface, wherein the second end surface is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the angled surface such that a light beam that enters the second optical component at the second end surface is reflected at the angled surface; and an exit surface arranged such that light reflected by the angled surface is directed towards the exit surface. 30. The optical probe of claim 29, wherein the exit surface of the second optical component is a concave surface curving inwardly towards an interior of the second optical component. 31. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the second cover is a torque coil configured to exert torque on the optical probe such that the second optical component is rotated about a longitudinal axis defined by the optical fiber. 32. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the optical fiber defines a longitudinal axis, and wherein the second cover is configured to cover a terminal end of the optical probe to prevent exposure of the second optical component at the terminal end, the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber passing through the second cover. 33. The optical probe of claim 28, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the first optical component such that the first cover is spaced apart from an exposed surface of the optical fiber to form a gap therebetween, the gap being defined by at least the exposed surface of the optical fiber, the first cover, and the first optical component. 34. The optical probe of claim 33, wherein the first cover includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve attached by a third adhesive to and circumferentially surrounding the inner sleeve, wherein the inner sleeve is attached by the third adhesive to the first optical component, and wherein the gap is filled with the third adhesive. | 2,600 |
341,816 | 16,802,178 | 2,631 | The present disclosure is directed to methods, compositions, devices and kits which pertain to the attachment of stent-containing medical devices to tissue. | 1. A medical device comprising:
(a) a stent component having two ends, a central region therebetween, and structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent component, wherein a plurality of adjacent structural elements of the structural elements are connected to define at least one cell therebetween; (b) a coating or covering material disposed on the stent component; and (c) a bonding material associated with a subset of the plurality of adjacent structural elements, a portion of the coating or covering material, or both; wherein the bonding material does not span each cell between adjacent structural elements. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the coating or covering material covers only a portion of the stent component. 3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the bonding material is associated with the stent component in areas of the stent component not covered by the coating or covering material. 4. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the ends of the stent component are not covered by the coating or covering material. 5. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the coating or covering material is provided with a plurality of openings that provide areas where the stent component is not covered by the coating or covering material. 6. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is associated with the plurality of adjacent structural elements located at the ends of the medical device but not the center region of the medical device. 7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is configured to bond to tissue when the bonding material is exposed to an energy source. 8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the energy source is selected from a light energy source, a microwave energy source, a radio frequency energy source, infrared energy source, radiation source, and a plasma energy source. 9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is self-expanding or balloon-expandable. 10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is associated with the medical device by integrating the bonding material into at least a portion of the plurality of adjacent structural elements. 11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the coating or covering material comprises:
(a) polysiloxanes; (b) fluoropolymers; (c) polyamides; (d) polyesters; (e) polyurethanes; (f) polyolefin polymers; (g) polyoxyalkylenes; or (h) styrenic copolymers; or (i) any combinations one or more of the foregoing (a)-(h). 12. A method of treatment:
inserting a medical device having a stent component, the stent component comprising:
two ends, a coating or covering material disposed on the stent component, a bonding material, and structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent component;
wherein a plurality of adjacent structural elements of the structural elements are connected to define at least one cell therebetween;
wherein the bonding material is associated with a subset of the plurality of adjacent structural elements, a portion of the coating or covering material, or both; and
wherein the bonding material does not span each cell between the plurality of adjacent structural elements,
deploying the stent component in a body lumen such that the medical device contacts a tissue wall of the body lumen; and bonding the bonding material to the tissue wall. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is configured to bond to tissue when the bonding material is exposed to an energy source. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the energy source is selected from a light energy source, a microwave energy source, a radio frequency energy source, infrared energy source, radiation source, and a plasma energy source. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the medical device is deployed in the body lumen using a balloon catheter or a catheter having a retractable sheath. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is applied independently of the medical device. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is applied along with the medical device. 18. A medical device, comprising:
(a) a stent body with a plurality of structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent body, wherein one or more of the plurality of structural elements are connected to at least one adjacent of the plurality of structural elements to define one or more cells therebetween; (b) a coating or covering disposed on the stent; and (c) a bonding material disposed on the one or more of the plurality of structural elements connected to the at least one adjacent of the plurality of structural elements defining one or more cells, the coating or covering, or both, wherein the bonding material does not span the one or more cells. 19. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the coating or covering material covers only a portion of the stent body. 20. The medical device of claim 19, wherein the bonding material is associated with the stent body in areas of the stent body not covered by the coating or covering material. | The present disclosure is directed to methods, compositions, devices and kits which pertain to the attachment of stent-containing medical devices to tissue.1. A medical device comprising:
(a) a stent component having two ends, a central region therebetween, and structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent component, wherein a plurality of adjacent structural elements of the structural elements are connected to define at least one cell therebetween; (b) a coating or covering material disposed on the stent component; and (c) a bonding material associated with a subset of the plurality of adjacent structural elements, a portion of the coating or covering material, or both; wherein the bonding material does not span each cell between adjacent structural elements. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the coating or covering material covers only a portion of the stent component. 3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the bonding material is associated with the stent component in areas of the stent component not covered by the coating or covering material. 4. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the ends of the stent component are not covered by the coating or covering material. 5. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the coating or covering material is provided with a plurality of openings that provide areas where the stent component is not covered by the coating or covering material. 6. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is associated with the plurality of adjacent structural elements located at the ends of the medical device but not the center region of the medical device. 7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is configured to bond to tissue when the bonding material is exposed to an energy source. 8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the energy source is selected from a light energy source, a microwave energy source, a radio frequency energy source, infrared energy source, radiation source, and a plasma energy source. 9. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the medical device is self-expanding or balloon-expandable. 10. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is associated with the medical device by integrating the bonding material into at least a portion of the plurality of adjacent structural elements. 11. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the coating or covering material comprises:
(a) polysiloxanes; (b) fluoropolymers; (c) polyamides; (d) polyesters; (e) polyurethanes; (f) polyolefin polymers; (g) polyoxyalkylenes; or (h) styrenic copolymers; or (i) any combinations one or more of the foregoing (a)-(h). 12. A method of treatment:
inserting a medical device having a stent component, the stent component comprising:
two ends, a coating or covering material disposed on the stent component, a bonding material, and structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent component;
wherein a plurality of adjacent structural elements of the structural elements are connected to define at least one cell therebetween;
wherein the bonding material is associated with a subset of the plurality of adjacent structural elements, a portion of the coating or covering material, or both; and
wherein the bonding material does not span each cell between the plurality of adjacent structural elements,
deploying the stent component in a body lumen such that the medical device contacts a tissue wall of the body lumen; and bonding the bonding material to the tissue wall. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is configured to bond to tissue when the bonding material is exposed to an energy source. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the energy source is selected from a light energy source, a microwave energy source, a radio frequency energy source, infrared energy source, radiation source, and a plasma energy source. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the medical device is deployed in the body lumen using a balloon catheter or a catheter having a retractable sheath. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is applied independently of the medical device. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the bonding material is applied along with the medical device. 18. A medical device, comprising:
(a) a stent body with a plurality of structural elements extending around a circumference of the stent body, wherein one or more of the plurality of structural elements are connected to at least one adjacent of the plurality of structural elements to define one or more cells therebetween; (b) a coating or covering disposed on the stent; and (c) a bonding material disposed on the one or more of the plurality of structural elements connected to the at least one adjacent of the plurality of structural elements defining one or more cells, the coating or covering, or both, wherein the bonding material does not span the one or more cells. 19. The medical device of claim 18, wherein the coating or covering material covers only a portion of the stent body. 20. The medical device of claim 19, wherein the bonding material is associated with the stent body in areas of the stent body not covered by the coating or covering material. | 2,600 |
341,817 | 16,802,152 | 2,631 | A transaction-based hybrid memory device includes a host memory controller to control operation of the device. A hybrid memory controller is coupled to the host memory controller over a memory bus. The hybrid memory controller includes non-volatile memory control logic to control operation of non-volatile memory devices and cache control logic to accelerate cache operations, a direct memory access (DMA) engine to control volatile cache memory and to transfer data between non-volatile memory, and cache memory to off load host cache managements and transactions. A host interface couples the host memory controller to the memory bus. | 1. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting, a transaction read command to a hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction read command, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data; transferring the read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller; and the hybrid memory controller buffering data cache-line and transmitting an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the data is available on a data bus. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller transmitting read command sequences to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected non-volatile memory device to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
the host memory controller receiving a volatile memory read burst from the hybrid memory controller to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller reading the prefetch data from the plurality of non-volatile memory devices; and the hybrid memory controller writing the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncating the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the hit-mask to cover a partial data write of the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 9. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting a transaction write command and data to be written to a hybrid memory controller; the host memory controller transmitting a volatile memory address to the hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction write command, a non-volatile memory write command to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to write the data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices based on the volatile memory address; and transferring the written data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention from the host memory controller. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the transaction write command and the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller comprises:
the host memory controller writing a cache to the hybrid memory controller in a write latency. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller writing the cache to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices; and transferring the cache from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices using the write latency. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hybrid memory controller uses a hash-mapped cache to control DMA transfer of unused data from the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller controlling a rate at which the DMA engine transfers the data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices. 14. A transaction-based hybrid memory system, the system comprising:
a host memory controller with a memory bus; a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) dual in-line memory module (DIMM) coupled to the host memory controller via the memory bus; and a plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus, each of the plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs including:
a hybrid memory controller comprising:
non-volatile memory control logic;
cache control logic comprising a direct memory access (DMA) engine; and
a host interface coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus;
a cluster of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the non-volatile memory control logic; and
a cluster of volatile memory devices coupled to the cache control logic,
wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to transmit, in response to a transaction read command from the host memory controller, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data. 15. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transfer the read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller. 16. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 15, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
buffer a data cache-line based on the read data; and transmit an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the read data is available on a data bus associated with the memory bus. 17. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transmit read command sequences to the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 18. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 17, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
communicate a volatile memory read burst to the host memory controller, the volatile memory read burst to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 19. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases, and wherein the cache-line read operation comprises previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 20. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
read the prefetch data from the cluster of non-volatile memory devices; write the prefetch data to the selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices; update a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncate the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. | A transaction-based hybrid memory device includes a host memory controller to control operation of the device. A hybrid memory controller is coupled to the host memory controller over a memory bus. The hybrid memory controller includes non-volatile memory control logic to control operation of non-volatile memory devices and cache control logic to accelerate cache operations, a direct memory access (DMA) engine to control volatile cache memory and to transfer data between non-volatile memory, and cache memory to off load host cache managements and transactions. A host interface couples the host memory controller to the memory bus.1. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting, a transaction read command to a hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction read command, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data; transferring the read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller; and the hybrid memory controller buffering data cache-line and transmitting an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the data is available on a data bus. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller transmitting read command sequences to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected non-volatile memory device to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
the host memory controller receiving a volatile memory read burst from the hybrid memory controller to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller reading the prefetch data from the plurality of non-volatile memory devices; and the hybrid memory controller writing the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncating the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the hit-mask to cover a partial data write of the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 9. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting a transaction write command and data to be written to a hybrid memory controller; the host memory controller transmitting a volatile memory address to the hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction write command, a non-volatile memory write command to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to write the data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices based on the volatile memory address; and transferring the written data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention from the host memory controller. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the transaction write command and the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller comprises:
the host memory controller writing a cache to the hybrid memory controller in a write latency. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller writing the cache to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices; and transferring the cache from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices using the write latency. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hybrid memory controller uses a hash-mapped cache to control DMA transfer of unused data from the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller controlling a rate at which the DMA engine transfers the data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices. 14. A transaction-based hybrid memory system, the system comprising:
a host memory controller with a memory bus; a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) dual in-line memory module (DIMM) coupled to the host memory controller via the memory bus; and a plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus, each of the plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs including:
a hybrid memory controller comprising:
non-volatile memory control logic;
cache control logic comprising a direct memory access (DMA) engine; and
a host interface coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus;
a cluster of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the non-volatile memory control logic; and
a cluster of volatile memory devices coupled to the cache control logic,
wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to transmit, in response to a transaction read command from the host memory controller, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data. 15. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transfer the read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller. 16. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 15, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
buffer a data cache-line based on the read data; and transmit an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the read data is available on a data bus associated with the memory bus. 17. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transmit read command sequences to the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 18. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 17, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
communicate a volatile memory read burst to the host memory controller, the volatile memory read burst to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 19. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases, and wherein the cache-line read operation comprises previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 20. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
read the prefetch data from the cluster of non-volatile memory devices; write the prefetch data to the selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices; update a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncate the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. | 2,600 |
341,818 | 16,802,201 | 2,849 | A transaction-based hybrid memory device includes a host memory controller to control operation of the device. A hybrid memory controller is coupled to the host memory controller over a memory bus. The hybrid memory controller includes non-volatile memory control logic to control operation of non-volatile memory devices and cache control logic to accelerate cache operations, a direct memory access (DMA) engine to control volatile cache memory and to transfer data between non-volatile memory, and cache memory to off load host cache managements and transactions. A host interface couples the host memory controller to the memory bus. | 1. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting, a transaction read command to a hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction read command, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data; transferring the read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller; and the hybrid memory controller buffering data cache-line and transmitting an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the data is available on a data bus. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller transmitting read command sequences to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected non-volatile memory device to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
the host memory controller receiving a volatile memory read burst from the hybrid memory controller to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller reading the prefetch data from the plurality of non-volatile memory devices; and the hybrid memory controller writing the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncating the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the hit-mask to cover a partial data write of the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 9. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting a transaction write command and data to be written to a hybrid memory controller; the host memory controller transmitting a volatile memory address to the hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction write command, a non-volatile memory write command to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to write the data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices based on the volatile memory address; and transferring the written data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention from the host memory controller. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the transaction write command and the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller comprises:
the host memory controller writing a cache to the hybrid memory controller in a write latency. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller writing the cache to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices; and transferring the cache from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices using the write latency. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hybrid memory controller uses a hash-mapped cache to control DMA transfer of unused data from the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller controlling a rate at which the DMA engine transfers the data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices. 14. A transaction-based hybrid memory system, the system comprising:
a host memory controller with a memory bus; a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) dual in-line memory module (DIMM) coupled to the host memory controller via the memory bus; and a plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus, each of the plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs including:
a hybrid memory controller comprising:
non-volatile memory control logic;
cache control logic comprising a direct memory access (DMA) engine; and
a host interface coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus;
a cluster of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the non-volatile memory control logic; and
a cluster of volatile memory devices coupled to the cache control logic,
wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to transmit, in response to a transaction read command from the host memory controller, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data. 15. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transfer the read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller. 16. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 15, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
buffer a data cache-line based on the read data; and transmit an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the read data is available on a data bus associated with the memory bus. 17. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transmit read command sequences to the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 18. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 17, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
communicate a volatile memory read burst to the host memory controller, the volatile memory read burst to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 19. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases, and wherein the cache-line read operation comprises previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 20. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
read the prefetch data from the cluster of non-volatile memory devices; write the prefetch data to the selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices; update a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncate the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. | A transaction-based hybrid memory device includes a host memory controller to control operation of the device. A hybrid memory controller is coupled to the host memory controller over a memory bus. The hybrid memory controller includes non-volatile memory control logic to control operation of non-volatile memory devices and cache control logic to accelerate cache operations, a direct memory access (DMA) engine to control volatile cache memory and to transfer data between non-volatile memory, and cache memory to off load host cache managements and transactions. A host interface couples the host memory controller to the memory bus.1. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting, a transaction read command to a hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction read command, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data; transferring the read data from the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller; and the hybrid memory controller buffering data cache-line and transmitting an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the data is available on a data bus. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller transmitting read command sequences to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected non-volatile memory device to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
the host memory controller receiving a volatile memory read burst from the hybrid memory controller to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises:
previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller reading the prefetch data from the plurality of non-volatile memory devices; and the hybrid memory controller writing the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncating the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
updating the hit-mask to cover a partial data write of the prefetch data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices. 9. A method of operation for a transaction-based hybrid memory system, the method comprising:
a host memory controller transmitting a transaction write command and data to be written to a hybrid memory controller; the host memory controller transmitting a volatile memory address to the hybrid memory controller; the hybrid memory controller transmitting, in response to the transaction write command, a non-volatile memory write command to a selected one of a plurality of volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller to write the data to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices based on the volatile memory address; and transferring the written data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to a selected one of a plurality of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the hybrid memory controller in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention from the host memory controller. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting the transaction write command and the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller comprises:
the host memory controller writing a cache to the hybrid memory controller in a write latency. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller writing the cache to the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices; and transferring the cache from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices using the write latency. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the hybrid memory controller uses a hash-mapped cache to control DMA transfer of unused data from the data to be written to the hybrid memory controller. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
the hybrid memory controller controlling a rate at which the DMA engine transfers the data from the selected one of the plurality of volatile memory devices to the selected one of the plurality of non-volatile memory devices. 14. A transaction-based hybrid memory system, the system comprising:
a host memory controller with a memory bus; a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) dual in-line memory module (DIMM) coupled to the host memory controller via the memory bus; and a plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus, each of the plurality of hybrid memory DIMMs including:
a hybrid memory controller comprising:
non-volatile memory control logic;
cache control logic comprising a direct memory access (DMA) engine; and
a host interface coupled to the host memory controller over the memory bus;
a cluster of non-volatile memory devices coupled to the non-volatile memory control logic; and
a cluster of volatile memory devices coupled to the cache control logic,
wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to transmit, in response to a transaction read command from the host memory controller, a non-volatile memory read command to a selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices as prefetch data. 15. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transfer the read data from the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to a selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices in response to control signals from a direct memory access (DMA) engine in the hybrid memory controller and without intervention by the host memory controller. 16. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 15, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
buffer a data cache-line based on the read data; and transmit an acknowledge signal to the host memory controller to indicate that the read data is available on a data bus associated with the memory bus. 17. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 14, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
transmit read command sequences to the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to cause the selected one of the cluster of non-volatile memory devices to perform a burst read operation of the data as the prefetch data. 18. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 17, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
communicate a volatile memory read burst to the host memory controller, the volatile memory read burst to deliver the data to the host memory controller in a cache-line read operation. 19. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the cache-line read operation comprises an acknowledgment indicator (ACK) of “Low” for cache-hit cases, and wherein the cache-line read operation comprises previous data in a cache buffer of the hybrid memory controller with the previous data being in an interrupt request (IRQ)-pulse-signaling line for precache-miss cases. 20. The transaction-based hybrid memory system of claim 18, wherein the hybrid memory controller is further configured to:
read the prefetch data from the cluster of non-volatile memory devices; write the prefetch data to the selected one of the cluster of volatile memory devices; update a prefetch-mask to indicate writing of the prefetch data as a prefetch write; and truncate the prefetch data according to a hit-mask, when the prefetch write overlaps with a hit-mask. | 2,800 |
341,819 | 16,802,164 | 2,849 | Embodiments of the disclosure include an extended length core sample scanning apparatus that enables the imaging of extended length core samples using medical-type CT scanners. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus has a frame that defines a U-shaped receptacle that receives core housing containing the core sample when the core sample is placed in a CT scanner. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus may have two or more rollers located in the U-shaped receptacle to enable translation of the extended length core sample through a CT scanner during scanning. The rollers may also provide for a minimum clearance between the core housing and the walls of the U-shaped receptacle. Methods of imaging an extended length core sample are also provided. | 1. An apparatus for computed tomography (CT) imaging of a core sample, comprising:
a body configured to be coupled to a stationary table, the body defining a U-shaped receptacle configured to receive a core housing containing a core sample; a first roller located at a first position in the U-shaped receptacle; and a second roller located at a second position in the U-shaped receptacle, the first roller and second roller configured to support a weight of the core housing containing the core sample and define a clearance between the core housing and an interior wall of the U-shaped receptacle, wherein a rotation of the rollers enables a translation of the core housing through the U-shaped receptacle. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first position is defined by an angle of about 45° with respect to a vertical axis and a horizontal axis of the body. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second position is defined by an angle of about 45° with respect to a vertical axis and a horizontal axis of the body. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clearance comprises at least 5 millimeter (mm). 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the core sample has a length greater than 3 feet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the core sample has a length of up to 6 feet. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body is coupled to a support having at least two walls extending in the direction of translation. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the U-shaped receptacle has a width of 229 millimeters (mm) at a top of the U-shaped receptacle. | Embodiments of the disclosure include an extended length core sample scanning apparatus that enables the imaging of extended length core samples using medical-type CT scanners. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus has a frame that defines a U-shaped receptacle that receives core housing containing the core sample when the core sample is placed in a CT scanner. The extended length core sample scanning apparatus may have two or more rollers located in the U-shaped receptacle to enable translation of the extended length core sample through a CT scanner during scanning. The rollers may also provide for a minimum clearance between the core housing and the walls of the U-shaped receptacle. Methods of imaging an extended length core sample are also provided.1. An apparatus for computed tomography (CT) imaging of a core sample, comprising:
a body configured to be coupled to a stationary table, the body defining a U-shaped receptacle configured to receive a core housing containing a core sample; a first roller located at a first position in the U-shaped receptacle; and a second roller located at a second position in the U-shaped receptacle, the first roller and second roller configured to support a weight of the core housing containing the core sample and define a clearance between the core housing and an interior wall of the U-shaped receptacle, wherein a rotation of the rollers enables a translation of the core housing through the U-shaped receptacle. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first position is defined by an angle of about 45° with respect to a vertical axis and a horizontal axis of the body. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second position is defined by an angle of about 45° with respect to a vertical axis and a horizontal axis of the body. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clearance comprises at least 5 millimeter (mm). 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the core sample has a length greater than 3 feet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the core sample has a length of up to 6 feet. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body is coupled to a support having at least two walls extending in the direction of translation. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the U-shaped receptacle has a width of 229 millimeters (mm) at a top of the U-shaped receptacle. | 2,800 |
341,820 | 16,802,161 | 2,849 | A system and method for automatically generating a control bifurcation signal to configure ports of a PCIe IO unit on a computing device. The lanes of the PCIe IO unit are divided into initial ports of the lowest granularity. It is determined whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the initial ports. The bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit is determined based on the initial ports having a connected PCIe device. Ports for the PCIe IO unit are configured based on the bifurcation port configuration. | 1. A system for automatic bifurcation detection and configuration of a peripheral component interconnect (PCIe) input/output (TO) unit, the system comprising:
a computing device including a PCIe IO unit having a plurality of configurable lanes; a PCIe device connected to at least some of the lanes of the PCIe IO unit; and a bifurcation configuration device operable to:
divide the lanes of the PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports, each of the initial ports having the lowest granularity of the lanes,
detect which of the plurality of initial ports the PCIe device is connected to,
detect which of the ports of the plurality of initial ports that are unused;
determine a bifurcation port configuration for the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused; and
store the bifurcation port configuration for the PCIe IO unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device is operable to merge an initial port without a detected PCIe device with another initial port. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device includes a basic input output system (BIOS). 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe device is selected from the group consisting of a network interface card (NIC), a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) device, a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) card, a host bus adapter (HBA) card, a video card, a sound card, a graphics processing unit (GPU) card, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) card, and a PCIe switch. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device includes lane reversal rules for the lane connections between the PCIe IO unit and the PCIe device, and wherein the configuration device adjusts the bifurcation configuration for lane reversal. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe IO unit has sixteen configurable lanes and there are four lowest granularity initial ports. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a central processing unit (CPU). 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the computing device includes a plurality of PCIe IO units, and each of the PCIe IO units is configured by the bifurcation configuration device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device is further operable to:
reboot the system after configuring the PCIe IO unit; determine whether any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected; and reconfigure the ports of the PCIe IO unit if any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe device is one of a plurality of PCIe devices connected to the lanes of the PCIe IO unit. 11. A method of automatically providing a bifurcation control signal to configure a peripheral component interconnect (PCIe) input/output (TO) unit on a computing device, the method comprising:
dividing the lanes of the PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports of the lowest granularity; detecting whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the plurality of initial ports via the configuration device; determining the bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused via the configuration device; and configuring ports for the PCIe IO unit based on the bifurcation port configuration. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising merging an initial port without a detected PCIe device with another initial port. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration device includes a basic input output system (BIOS). 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining lane reversal of the lane connections between the PCIe IO unit and the PCIe device; and adjusting the bifurcation configuration for lane reversal. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the PCIe IO unit has sixteen configurable lanes, and there are four lowest granularity initial ports. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the computing device is a central processing unit (CPU). 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the computing device includes a plurality of PCIe IO units, and ports of each of the PCIe IO units are configured by the configuration device. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
rebooting the system after configuring the PCIe IO unit; determining whether any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected; and reconfiguring the ports of the PCIe IO unit if any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected. 19. A basic input output system firmware executable on a controller, the firmware including instructions that:
divide the lanes of a PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports of the lowest granularity; detect whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the plurality of initial ports; determine the bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused; and configure ports of the PCIe IO unit based on the bifurcation port configuration. | A system and method for automatically generating a control bifurcation signal to configure ports of a PCIe IO unit on a computing device. The lanes of the PCIe IO unit are divided into initial ports of the lowest granularity. It is determined whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the initial ports. The bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit is determined based on the initial ports having a connected PCIe device. Ports for the PCIe IO unit are configured based on the bifurcation port configuration.1. A system for automatic bifurcation detection and configuration of a peripheral component interconnect (PCIe) input/output (TO) unit, the system comprising:
a computing device including a PCIe IO unit having a plurality of configurable lanes; a PCIe device connected to at least some of the lanes of the PCIe IO unit; and a bifurcation configuration device operable to:
divide the lanes of the PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports, each of the initial ports having the lowest granularity of the lanes,
detect which of the plurality of initial ports the PCIe device is connected to,
detect which of the ports of the plurality of initial ports that are unused;
determine a bifurcation port configuration for the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused; and
store the bifurcation port configuration for the PCIe IO unit. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device is operable to merge an initial port without a detected PCIe device with another initial port. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device includes a basic input output system (BIOS). 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe device is selected from the group consisting of a network interface card (NIC), a non-volatile memory express (NVMe) device, a redundant array of independent disks (RAID) card, a host bus adapter (HBA) card, a video card, a sound card, a graphics processing unit (GPU) card, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) card, and a PCIe switch. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device includes lane reversal rules for the lane connections between the PCIe IO unit and the PCIe device, and wherein the configuration device adjusts the bifurcation configuration for lane reversal. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe IO unit has sixteen configurable lanes and there are four lowest granularity initial ports. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a central processing unit (CPU). 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the computing device includes a plurality of PCIe IO units, and each of the PCIe IO units is configured by the bifurcation configuration device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the configuration device is further operable to:
reboot the system after configuring the PCIe IO unit; determine whether any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected; and reconfigure the ports of the PCIe IO unit if any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the PCIe device is one of a plurality of PCIe devices connected to the lanes of the PCIe IO unit. 11. A method of automatically providing a bifurcation control signal to configure a peripheral component interconnect (PCIe) input/output (TO) unit on a computing device, the method comprising:
dividing the lanes of the PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports of the lowest granularity; detecting whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the plurality of initial ports via the configuration device; determining the bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused via the configuration device; and configuring ports for the PCIe IO unit based on the bifurcation port configuration. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising merging an initial port without a detected PCIe device with another initial port. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration device includes a basic input output system (BIOS). 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining lane reversal of the lane connections between the PCIe IO unit and the PCIe device; and adjusting the bifurcation configuration for lane reversal. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the PCIe IO unit has sixteen configurable lanes, and there are four lowest granularity initial ports. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the computing device is a central processing unit (CPU). 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the computing device includes a plurality of PCIe IO units, and ports of each of the PCIe IO units are configured by the configuration device. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
rebooting the system after configuring the PCIe IO unit; determining whether any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected; and reconfiguring the ports of the PCIe IO unit if any previously detected PCIe devices are not detected. 19. A basic input output system firmware executable on a controller, the firmware including instructions that:
divide the lanes of a PCIe IO unit into a plurality of initial ports of the lowest granularity; detect whether a PCIe device is connected to each of the plurality of initial ports; determine the bifurcation port configuration of the PCIe IO unit based on a rule correlating one of a plurality of bifurcation port configurations with which of the plurality of initial ports have the PCIe device connected and which of the plurality of initial ports are unused; and configure ports of the PCIe IO unit based on the bifurcation port configuration. | 2,800 |
341,821 | 16,802,175 | 2,838 | A front-end module comprises a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator, a reference current generator, a power amplifier, and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator. The LDO voltage regulator, reference current generator, power amplifier, and voltage reference are integrated on a first semiconductor die. | 1. A front-end module comprising:
a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator; a reference current generator; a power amplifier; and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator; the LDO voltage regulator, reference current generator, power amplifier, and voltage reference being integrated on a first semiconductor die. 2. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the voltage reference is a bandgap voltage reference. 3. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 4. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide an output power of at least 22 dBm. 5. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 6. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the LDO voltage regulator is configured to be turned off in sleep mode. 7. The front-end module of claim 1 further comprising a mode detector configured to generate a power-down signal to power down the LDO voltage regulator. 8. The front-end module of claim 7 wherein the mode detector is a direct current (DC) mode detector operating at less than 50 nA. 9. The front-end module of claim 7 wherein the mode detector is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 10. The front-end module of claim 9 further comprising a supply generator configured to power the mode detector. 11. The front-end module of claim 10 wherein the supply generator is configured to operate at less than 50 nA and is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 12. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 13. A semiconductor die comprising a substrate;
a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator; a reference current generator; a power amplifier; and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator. 14. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the voltage reference is a bandgap voltage reference. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 16. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the LDO voltage regulator is configured to be turned off in sleep mode. 17. The semiconductor die of claim 13 further comprising a mode detector configured to generate a power-down signal to power down the LDO voltage regulator. 18. The semiconductor die module of claim 17 wherein the mode detector is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 19. The semiconductor die module of claim 17 further comprising a supply generator configured to power the mode detector. 20. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. | A front-end module comprises a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator, a reference current generator, a power amplifier, and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator. The LDO voltage regulator, reference current generator, power amplifier, and voltage reference are integrated on a first semiconductor die.1. A front-end module comprising:
a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator; a reference current generator; a power amplifier; and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator; the LDO voltage regulator, reference current generator, power amplifier, and voltage reference being integrated on a first semiconductor die. 2. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the voltage reference is a bandgap voltage reference. 3. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 4. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to provide an output power of at least 22 dBm. 5. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier includes an n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor (NMOSFET). 6. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the LDO voltage regulator is configured to be turned off in sleep mode. 7. The front-end module of claim 1 further comprising a mode detector configured to generate a power-down signal to power down the LDO voltage regulator. 8. The front-end module of claim 7 wherein the mode detector is a direct current (DC) mode detector operating at less than 50 nA. 9. The front-end module of claim 7 wherein the mode detector is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 10. The front-end module of claim 9 further comprising a supply generator configured to power the mode detector. 11. The front-end module of claim 10 wherein the supply generator is configured to operate at less than 50 nA and is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 12. The front-end module of claim 1 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. 13. A semiconductor die comprising a substrate;
a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator; a reference current generator; a power amplifier; and a voltage reference configured to provide a reference voltage to the LDO voltage regulator and the reference current generator. 14. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the voltage reference is a bandgap voltage reference. 15. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. 16. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the LDO voltage regulator is configured to be turned off in sleep mode. 17. The semiconductor die of claim 13 further comprising a mode detector configured to generate a power-down signal to power down the LDO voltage regulator. 18. The semiconductor die module of claim 17 wherein the mode detector is configured to be maintained in an always-alive state. 19. The semiconductor die module of claim 17 further comprising a supply generator configured to power the mode detector. 20. The semiconductor die of claim 13 wherein the power amplifier is configured to operate at a first level during transmit modes and operate at a second level during non-transmit modes. | 2,800 |
341,822 | 16,802,163 | 2,838 | A torque transfer assembly includes an engine starter, an electric machine, a torque converter, and a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission. The engine starter is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for rotating the output shaft to start the internal combustion engine. The electric machine is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission for delivering rotational torque to the transmission. The torque converter is rotatably coupled to the electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission. The mechanical clutch is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft and the torque converter. The mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple the output shaft to the torque converter and is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple the output shaft from the torque converter. | 1. A vehicle comprising:
an internal combustion engine comprising an output shaft; a transmission rotatably coupled to said output shaft of said internal combustion engine for transmitting rotational torque; and a torque transfer assembly comprising,
an engine starter rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission,
a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and said transmission for transferring rotational torque from at least one of said output shaft to said transmission, said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission, and said electric machine to said transmission, and
a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 2. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a belt alternator starter. 3. The vehicle as set forth in claim 2, wherein said engine starter comprises a starter motor, a drive pulley rotatably coupled to said starter motor, and a belt coupled to said drive pulley for delivering rotational torque to said output shaft for starting said internal combustion engine. 4. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a permanently engaged starter. 5. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to deliver rotational torque from said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission. 6. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said mechanical clutch is further defined as at least one of a one-way clutch, a selectable one-way clutch, and a dog clutch. 7. The vehicle as set forth in claim 6, wherein said mechanical clutch is said dog clutch, and wherein said torque transfer assembly further comprises an actuator for selectively engaging and disengaging said dog clutch. 8. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said torque converter extends along an axis, and wherein said electric machine is disposed between said torque converter and said mechanical clutch. 9. A torque transfer assembly for use in a vehicle, with the vehicle including an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for transmitting rotational torque via said torque transfer assembly, said torque transfer assembly comprising:
an engine starter adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for rotating the output shaft to start the internal combustion engine; an electric machine adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission for delivering rotational torque to the transmission; a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission; and a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple the output shaft to the torque converter for delivering rotational torque from the output shaft to the transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple the output shaft from the torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to the transmission through said torque converter. 10. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a belt alternator starter. 11. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 10, wherein said engine starter comprises a starter motor, a drive pulley rotatably coupled to said starter motor, and a belt coupled to said drive pulley and adapted to deliver rotational torque to the output shaft for starting the internal combustion engine. 12. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a permanently engaged starter. 13. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to deliver rotational torque from the output shaft and said electric machine to the transmission. 14. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said mechanical clutch is further defined as at least one of a one-way clutch, a selectable one-way clutch, and a dog clutch. 15. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 14, wherein said mechanical clutch is said dog clutch, and wherein said torque transfer assembly further comprises an actuator for selectively engaging and disengaging said dog clutch. 16. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said torque converter extends along an axis, and wherein said electric machine is disposed between said torque converter and said mechanical clutch. 17. A vehicle comprising:
an internal combustion engine comprising an output shaft; a transmission rotatably coupled to said output shaft of said internal combustion engine for transmitting rotational torque; and a torque transfer assembly comprising,
a permanently engaged starter rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission,
a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and said transmission for transferring rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission, from said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission, or from said electric machine to said transmission, and
a friction clutch rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 18. The vehicle as set forth in claim 17, wherein said permanently engaged starter comprises a starter motor having a power rating of 45 KW or less. 19. A torque transfer assembly for use in a vehicle, with the vehicle including an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for transmitting rotational torque via said torque transfer assembly, said torque transfer assembly comprising a permanently engaged starter adapted to be rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine adapted to be rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission, a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to said transmission, and a disconnect clutch further defined as a friction clutch adapted to be rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 20. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 19, wherein said permanently engaged starter comprises a starter motor having a power rating of 45 KW or less. | A torque transfer assembly includes an engine starter, an electric machine, a torque converter, and a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch. The vehicle includes an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission. The engine starter is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for rotating the output shaft to start the internal combustion engine. The electric machine is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission for delivering rotational torque to the transmission. The torque converter is rotatably coupled to the electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission. The mechanical clutch is adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft and the torque converter. The mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple the output shaft to the torque converter and is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple the output shaft from the torque converter.1. A vehicle comprising:
an internal combustion engine comprising an output shaft; a transmission rotatably coupled to said output shaft of said internal combustion engine for transmitting rotational torque; and a torque transfer assembly comprising,
an engine starter rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission,
a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and said transmission for transferring rotational torque from at least one of said output shaft to said transmission, said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission, and said electric machine to said transmission, and
a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 2. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a belt alternator starter. 3. The vehicle as set forth in claim 2, wherein said engine starter comprises a starter motor, a drive pulley rotatably coupled to said starter motor, and a belt coupled to said drive pulley for delivering rotational torque to said output shaft for starting said internal combustion engine. 4. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a permanently engaged starter. 5. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to deliver rotational torque from said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission. 6. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said mechanical clutch is further defined as at least one of a one-way clutch, a selectable one-way clutch, and a dog clutch. 7. The vehicle as set forth in claim 6, wherein said mechanical clutch is said dog clutch, and wherein said torque transfer assembly further comprises an actuator for selectively engaging and disengaging said dog clutch. 8. The vehicle as set forth in claim 1, wherein said torque converter extends along an axis, and wherein said electric machine is disposed between said torque converter and said mechanical clutch. 9. A torque transfer assembly for use in a vehicle, with the vehicle including an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for transmitting rotational torque via said torque transfer assembly, said torque transfer assembly comprising:
an engine starter adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for rotating the output shaft to start the internal combustion engine; an electric machine adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission for delivering rotational torque to the transmission; a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to the transmission; and a disconnect clutch further defined as a mechanical clutch adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple the output shaft to the torque converter for delivering rotational torque from the output shaft to the transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple the output shaft from the torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to the transmission through said torque converter. 10. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a belt alternator starter. 11. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 10, wherein said engine starter comprises a starter motor, a drive pulley rotatably coupled to said starter motor, and a belt coupled to said drive pulley and adapted to deliver rotational torque to the output shaft for starting the internal combustion engine. 12. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said engine starter is further defined as a permanently engaged starter. 13. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said mechanical clutch is adapted to deliver rotational torque from the output shaft and said electric machine to the transmission. 14. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said mechanical clutch is further defined as at least one of a one-way clutch, a selectable one-way clutch, and a dog clutch. 15. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 14, wherein said mechanical clutch is said dog clutch, and wherein said torque transfer assembly further comprises an actuator for selectively engaging and disengaging said dog clutch. 16. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 9, wherein said torque converter extends along an axis, and wherein said electric machine is disposed between said torque converter and said mechanical clutch. 17. A vehicle comprising:
an internal combustion engine comprising an output shaft; a transmission rotatably coupled to said output shaft of said internal combustion engine for transmitting rotational torque; and a torque transfer assembly comprising,
a permanently engaged starter rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission,
a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and said transmission for transferring rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission, from said output shaft and said electric machine to said transmission, or from said electric machine to said transmission, and
a friction clutch rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 18. The vehicle as set forth in claim 17, wherein said permanently engaged starter comprises a starter motor having a power rating of 45 KW or less. 19. A torque transfer assembly for use in a vehicle, with the vehicle including an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, and a transmission adapted to be rotatably coupled to the output shaft for transmitting rotational torque via said torque transfer assembly, said torque transfer assembly comprising a permanently engaged starter adapted to be rotatably coupled to said output shaft for rotating said output shaft to start said internal combustion engine,
an electric machine adapted to be rotatably coupled to said transmission for delivering rotational torque to said transmission, a torque converter rotatably coupled to said electric machine and adapted to be rotatably coupled to said transmission, and a disconnect clutch further defined as a friction clutch adapted to be rotatably coupled to said output shaft and said torque converter, wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably couple said output shaft to said torque converter for delivering rotational torque from said output shaft to said transmission through said torque converter, and wherein said friction clutch is adapted to selectively rotatably decouple said output shaft from said torque converter for allowing said electric machine to deliver rotational torque to said transmission through said torque converter. 20. The torque transfer assembly as set forth in claim 19, wherein said permanently engaged starter comprises a starter motor having a power rating of 45 KW or less. | 2,800 |
341,823 | 16,802,167 | 2,838 | Example embodiments of systems and methods for data transmission between a contactless card and a client application are provided. A card key may be generated using a master key and identification number. A first and second session key may be generated using the card key and portions of the. A cryptographic result including the counter may be generated using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key. A cryptogram may be generated using the first session key and encrypted using the second session key. The application may be transmit one or more messages to the first applet of the contactless card. The first applet may be configured to establish one or more communication paths to the second applet based on receipt of the one or more messages from the client device. The second applet may be deactivated by the first applet via the one or more communication paths. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A deactivation system comprising:
a transmitting device including one or more processors and a memory, wherein the memory comprises a diversified master key, transmission data, a first applet, a second applet, and a counter; an application comprising instructions for execution on a receiving device including a processor and a memory, the memory containing a master key, wherein the transmitting device is configured to: generate a diversified key using the diversified master key, one or more cryptographic algorithms, and the counter, generate a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the diversified key, encrypt the transmission data using the one or more cryptographic algorithms and the diversified key to yield encrypted transmission data, and transmit the cryptographic result and encrypted transmission data to the application; and wherein the application is configured to: generate an authentication diversified key based on the master key and a unique identifier, generate a session key based on the authentication diversified key and the cryptographic result, and decrypt the encrypted transmission data and validate the cryptographic result using the one or more cryptographic algorithms and the session key, wherein the first applet is configured to deactivate, via a communication path, the second applet based on exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. 22. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds include at least one selected from the group of user status, user history, account activity, account history, transaction limits, spending limits, time limits, location limits, good type limit, service type limit, merchant limit, and point of sale device type. 23. The deactivation system of claim 21, further comprising one or more servers, the one or more servers configured to provide one or more actions responsive to deactivation of the second applet. 24. The deactivation system of claim 23, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one selected from the group of location information of the transmitting device, account information, and loyalty information. 25. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the second applet is reactivated when the transmitting device is positioned into a communication field of the device. 26. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured upon issuance of the transmitting device. 27. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured after issuance of the transmitting device. 28. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the transmitting device comprises a contactless card and is subject to one or more restrictions. 29. The deactivation system of claim 28, wherein the one or more restrictions include at least one selected from the group of limited usage, an individual type, and purpose of transaction. 30. The deactivation system of claim 23, wherein the one or more servers are configured to monitor a time period associated with deactivation of the transmitting device. 31. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the application is configured to determine how frequent the transmitting device needs to be reactivated. 32. A method for deactivating a transmitting device including a processor and a memory containing a master key, an identification number, a first applet, a second applet, and a counter, comprising:
generating a card key using the master key and the identification number; generating a first session key using the card key and a first portion of the counter and a second session key using the card key and a second portion of the counter, wherein the first portion of the counter is different than the second portion of the counter; generating a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key; generating a cryptogram using the first session key, the cryptogram including the cryptographic result and the identification number; encrypting the cryptogram using the second session key; transmitting the encrypted cryptogram and the cryptographic result; and deactivating, via a communication path, the second applet based on exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds include at least one selected from the group of user status, user history, account activity, account history, transaction limits, spending limits, time limits, location limits, good type limit, service type limit, merchant limit, and point of sale device type. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising providing, by one or more servers, one or more actions responsive to deactivation of the second applet. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising monitoring, by the one or more servers, a time period associated with the deactivation. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one selected from the group of location information of the transmitting device, account information, and loyalty information. 37. The method of claim 32, further comprising reactivating the second applet when the transmitting device is positioned into a communication field of the device. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured upon issuance of the transmitting device. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured after issuance of the transmitting device. 40. A computer readable non-transitory medium comprising computer-executable instructions that are executed on a processor and comprising the steps of:
generating a card key using a master key and an identification number; generating a first session key using the card key and a first portion of a counter and a second session key using the card key and a second portion of the counter, wherein the first portion of the counter is different than the second portion of the counter; generating a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key; generating a cryptogram using the first session key, the cryptogram comprising the cryptographic result and the identification number; encrypting the cryptogram using the second session key; transmitting the encrypted cryptogram and the cryptographic result; and deactivating, via a communication path, the second applet based on one or more messages indicative of exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. | Example embodiments of systems and methods for data transmission between a contactless card and a client application are provided. A card key may be generated using a master key and identification number. A first and second session key may be generated using the card key and portions of the. A cryptographic result including the counter may be generated using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key. A cryptogram may be generated using the first session key and encrypted using the second session key. The application may be transmit one or more messages to the first applet of the contactless card. The first applet may be configured to establish one or more communication paths to the second applet based on receipt of the one or more messages from the client device. The second applet may be deactivated by the first applet via the one or more communication paths.1-20. (canceled) 21. A deactivation system comprising:
a transmitting device including one or more processors and a memory, wherein the memory comprises a diversified master key, transmission data, a first applet, a second applet, and a counter; an application comprising instructions for execution on a receiving device including a processor and a memory, the memory containing a master key, wherein the transmitting device is configured to: generate a diversified key using the diversified master key, one or more cryptographic algorithms, and the counter, generate a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the diversified key, encrypt the transmission data using the one or more cryptographic algorithms and the diversified key to yield encrypted transmission data, and transmit the cryptographic result and encrypted transmission data to the application; and wherein the application is configured to: generate an authentication diversified key based on the master key and a unique identifier, generate a session key based on the authentication diversified key and the cryptographic result, and decrypt the encrypted transmission data and validate the cryptographic result using the one or more cryptographic algorithms and the session key, wherein the first applet is configured to deactivate, via a communication path, the second applet based on exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. 22. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds include at least one selected from the group of user status, user history, account activity, account history, transaction limits, spending limits, time limits, location limits, good type limit, service type limit, merchant limit, and point of sale device type. 23. The deactivation system of claim 21, further comprising one or more servers, the one or more servers configured to provide one or more actions responsive to deactivation of the second applet. 24. The deactivation system of claim 23, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one selected from the group of location information of the transmitting device, account information, and loyalty information. 25. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the second applet is reactivated when the transmitting device is positioned into a communication field of the device. 26. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured upon issuance of the transmitting device. 27. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured after issuance of the transmitting device. 28. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the transmitting device comprises a contactless card and is subject to one or more restrictions. 29. The deactivation system of claim 28, wherein the one or more restrictions include at least one selected from the group of limited usage, an individual type, and purpose of transaction. 30. The deactivation system of claim 23, wherein the one or more servers are configured to monitor a time period associated with deactivation of the transmitting device. 31. The deactivation system of claim 21, wherein the application is configured to determine how frequent the transmitting device needs to be reactivated. 32. A method for deactivating a transmitting device including a processor and a memory containing a master key, an identification number, a first applet, a second applet, and a counter, comprising:
generating a card key using the master key and the identification number; generating a first session key using the card key and a first portion of the counter and a second session key using the card key and a second portion of the counter, wherein the first portion of the counter is different than the second portion of the counter; generating a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key; generating a cryptogram using the first session key, the cryptogram including the cryptographic result and the identification number; encrypting the cryptogram using the second session key; transmitting the encrypted cryptogram and the cryptographic result; and deactivating, via a communication path, the second applet based on exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds include at least one selected from the group of user status, user history, account activity, account history, transaction limits, spending limits, time limits, location limits, good type limit, service type limit, merchant limit, and point of sale device type. 34. The method of claim 32, further comprising providing, by one or more servers, one or more actions responsive to deactivation of the second applet. 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising monitoring, by the one or more servers, a time period associated with the deactivation. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the one or more actions comprise at least one selected from the group of location information of the transmitting device, account information, and loyalty information. 37. The method of claim 32, further comprising reactivating the second applet when the transmitting device is positioned into a communication field of the device. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured upon issuance of the transmitting device. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more predetermined thresholds are configured after issuance of the transmitting device. 40. A computer readable non-transitory medium comprising computer-executable instructions that are executed on a processor and comprising the steps of:
generating a card key using a master key and an identification number; generating a first session key using the card key and a first portion of a counter and a second session key using the card key and a second portion of the counter, wherein the first portion of the counter is different than the second portion of the counter; generating a cryptographic result including the counter using one or more cryptographic algorithms and the card key; generating a cryptogram using the first session key, the cryptogram comprising the cryptographic result and the identification number; encrypting the cryptogram using the second session key; transmitting the encrypted cryptogram and the cryptographic result; and deactivating, via a communication path, the second applet based on one or more messages indicative of exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds. | 2,800 |
341,824 | 16,802,186 | 2,838 | Processing a transaction is disclosed including receiving a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started, assigning a unique transaction identifier to the message link-level transaction, and sending a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; assigning, using the processor, a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and sending, using the processor, a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 2. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and committing the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 3. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, sending the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 4. A method, comprising:
sending, using a processor, a global transaction start request to a transaction coordinator, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; receiving, using the processor, a global transaction identifier (ID) sent back by the transaction coordinator, the global transaction ID including a unique transaction ID assigned to the message link-level transaction and an address of the transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction; building, using the processor, a context based on the global transaction ID; executing, using the processor, a local transaction in the context; and after completing execution of the local transaction, sending, using the processor, a message to a message receiving terminal, the message including the global transaction ID. 5. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the sending of the message to the message receiving terminal comprises:
sending the message to message-oriented middleware, the message-oriented middleware being configured to store and forward the message. 6. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the sending of the global transaction start request to the transaction coordinator comprises:
sending the global transaction start request to a control module, the control module being configured to:
assign the transaction coordinator to the message link-level transaction; and
forward the global transaction start request to the transaction coordinator. 7. The method as described in claim 4, further comprising:
sending a global transaction roll-back request to the transaction coordinator in the event that execution of the local transaction fails, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 8. A method, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a message including a global transaction identifier (ID) from a message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including a unique transaction ID assigned to a message link-level transaction and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction; building, using the processor, a context based on the global transaction ID; executing, using the processor, a local transaction in the context; and sending, using the processor, a global transaction commit request to the transaction coordinator upon completing execution of the local transaction, the global transaction commit request instructing that the message link-level transaction be started. 9. The method as described in claim 8, wherein the receiving of the message including the global transaction identifier (ID) from the message sending terminal comprises:
sending a message acquisition request to message-oriented middleware; and receiving the message, the message being stored in the message-oriented middleware, originating from the message sending terminal, and including the global transaction ID. 10. The method as described in claim 8, further comprising:
sending a global transaction roll-back request to the transaction coordinator in the event that execution of the local transaction fails, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 11. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory is configured to provide the processor with instructions which when executed cause the processor to:
receive a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started;
assign a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and
send a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 12. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and commit the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 13. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, send the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 14. A computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; assigning a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and sending a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID cluding the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 15. The computer program product as described in claim 14, further comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and committing the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 16. The computer program product as described in claim 14, further comprising computer instructions for:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, sending the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. | Processing a transaction is disclosed including receiving a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started, assigning a unique transaction identifier to the message link-level transaction, and sending a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; assigning, using the processor, a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and sending, using the processor, a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 2. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and committing the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 3. The method as described in claim 1, further comprising:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, sending the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 4. A method, comprising:
sending, using a processor, a global transaction start request to a transaction coordinator, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; receiving, using the processor, a global transaction identifier (ID) sent back by the transaction coordinator, the global transaction ID including a unique transaction ID assigned to the message link-level transaction and an address of the transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction; building, using the processor, a context based on the global transaction ID; executing, using the processor, a local transaction in the context; and after completing execution of the local transaction, sending, using the processor, a message to a message receiving terminal, the message including the global transaction ID. 5. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the sending of the message to the message receiving terminal comprises:
sending the message to message-oriented middleware, the message-oriented middleware being configured to store and forward the message. 6. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the sending of the global transaction start request to the transaction coordinator comprises:
sending the global transaction start request to a control module, the control module being configured to:
assign the transaction coordinator to the message link-level transaction; and
forward the global transaction start request to the transaction coordinator. 7. The method as described in claim 4, further comprising:
sending a global transaction roll-back request to the transaction coordinator in the event that execution of the local transaction fails, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 8. A method, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a message including a global transaction identifier (ID) from a message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including a unique transaction ID assigned to a message link-level transaction and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction; building, using the processor, a context based on the global transaction ID; executing, using the processor, a local transaction in the context; and sending, using the processor, a global transaction commit request to the transaction coordinator upon completing execution of the local transaction, the global transaction commit request instructing that the message link-level transaction be started. 9. The method as described in claim 8, wherein the receiving of the message including the global transaction identifier (ID) from the message sending terminal comprises:
sending a message acquisition request to message-oriented middleware; and receiving the message, the message being stored in the message-oriented middleware, originating from the message sending terminal, and including the global transaction ID. 10. The method as described in claim 8, further comprising:
sending a global transaction roll-back request to the transaction coordinator in the event that execution of the local transaction fails, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 11. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory is configured to provide the processor with instructions which when executed cause the processor to:
receive a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started;
assign a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and
send a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID including the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 12. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and commit the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 13. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, send the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. 14. A computer program product being embodied in a tangible non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a global transaction start request sent by a message sending terminal, the global transaction start request instructing that a message link-level transaction be started; assigning a unique transaction identifier (ID) to the message link-level transaction; and sending a global transaction ID to the message sending terminal, the global transaction ID cluding the unique transaction ID and an address of a transaction coordinator configured to coordinate the message link-level transaction. 15. The computer program product as described in claim 14, further comprising computer instructions for:
receiving a global transaction commit request sent by a message receiving terminal; and committing the message link-level transaction to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, upon the receiving of the global transaction commit request sent by the message receiving terminal. 16. The computer program product as described in claim 14, further comprising computer instructions for:
upon receiving a global transaction roll-back request sent by the message sending terminal or a message receiving terminal, sending the global transaction roll-back request to servers of the message sending terminal and the message receiving terminal, respectively, the global transaction roll-back request rolling back the message link-level transaction. | 2,800 |
341,825 | 16,802,214 | 3,711 | A Basketball Training Article is provided and includes a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear. The Basketball Training Article further includes a first gusset and a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. | 1. A Basketball Training Article, comprising:
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear; a first gusset; and a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 2. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein first gusset includes a first gusset top plate, a first gusset bottom plate and a first gusset rear plate. 3. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein second gusset includes a second gusset top plate, a second gusset bottom plate and a second gusset rear plate. 4. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 5. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity which extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 6. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle. 7. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the shelf cavity has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. 8. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a hoop shelf dampening structure, a first gusset dampening structure and a second gusset dampening structure. 9. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with a basketball hoop having a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the basketball hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity. 10. The Basketball Training Article of claim 9, wherein the hoop shelf includes a shelf width which is sized to extend beyond the sides of the basketball hoop rim. 11. A Basketball Hoop, comprising:
a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure; and a Basketball Training Article, wherein the Basketball Training Article includes,
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity;
a first gusset; and
a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 12. The Basketball Hoop of claim 11, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with the Basketball Hoop, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the Basketball Hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity 13. The Basketball Hoop of claim 11, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 14. The Basketball Training Article of claim 11, wherein the shelf cavity extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 15. The Basketball Training Article of claim 11, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle and has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. 16. A Basketball Backboard, comprising:
a backboard front, a backboard top, a backboard bottom and a backboard rear; and
a Basketball Training Article, wherein the Basketball Training Article includes,
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity;
a first gusset; and
a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 17. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with a Basketball Hoop having a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the Basketball Hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity 18. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 19. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the shelf cavity extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 20. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle and has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. | A Basketball Training Article is provided and includes a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear. The Basketball Training Article further includes a first gusset and a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset.1. A Basketball Training Article, comprising:
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear; a first gusset; and a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 2. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein first gusset includes a first gusset top plate, a first gusset bottom plate and a first gusset rear plate. 3. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein second gusset includes a second gusset top plate, a second gusset bottom plate and a second gusset rear plate. 4. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 5. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity which extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 6. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle. 7. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the shelf cavity has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. 8. The Basketball Training Article of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a hoop shelf dampening structure, a first gusset dampening structure and a second gusset dampening structure. 9. The Basketball Training Article of claim 5, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with a basketball hoop having a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the basketball hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity. 10. The Basketball Training Article of claim 9, wherein the hoop shelf includes a shelf width which is sized to extend beyond the sides of the basketball hoop rim. 11. A Basketball Hoop, comprising:
a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure; and a Basketball Training Article, wherein the Basketball Training Article includes,
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity;
a first gusset; and
a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 12. The Basketball Hoop of claim 11, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with the Basketball Hoop, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the Basketball Hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity 13. The Basketball Hoop of claim 11, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 14. The Basketball Training Article of claim 11, wherein the shelf cavity extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 15. The Basketball Training Article of claim 11, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle and has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. 16. A Basketball Backboard, comprising:
a backboard front, a backboard top, a backboard bottom and a backboard rear; and
a Basketball Training Article, wherein the Basketball Training Article includes,
a hoop shelf having a shelf top, a shelf bottom, a shelf front and a shelf rear, wherein the hoop shelf defines a shelf cavity;
a first gusset; and
a second gusset, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are located securely associated with the shelf bottom to be located proximate the shelf rear, wherein the first gusset and the second gusset are configured to define a gusset cavity located between the first gusset and the second gusset. 17. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the Basketball Training Article is configured to associate with a Basketball Hoop having a basketball hoop rim and a basketball hoop mounting structure, wherein when the Basketball Training Article is associated with the Basketball Hoop the basketball hoop rim is disposed within the shelf cavity and the basketball hoop mounting structure is disposed within the gusset cavity 18. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the Basketball Training Article defines a handle cavity having a threaded portion, wherein the threaded portion is configured to threadingly engage with a threaded portion of a common broom/mop handle. 19. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the shelf cavity extends inwardly from the shelf front toward the shelf rear. 20. The Basketball Backboard of claim 16, wherein the shelf cavity is shaped like a half circle and has a shelf cavity circumference which ranges between approximately 18 inches and approximately 18.25 inches. | 3,700 |
341,826 | 16,802,160 | 3,711 | Various examples are directed to systems and methods for generating a real-mode predistorted signal. A digital predistortion (DPD) circuit may receive a real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion. The DPD circuit may generate a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. | 1. A system comprising:
a digital predistortion (DPD) circuit configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and
generating a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a complex-to-real circuit programmed to perform operations comprising:
receiving a complex baseband signal; and generating the real-mode signal using the complex baseband signal. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the DPD circuit is configured to correct for at least one harmonic distortion term having an order greater than or equal to three and wherein the complex baseband signal has a fractional bandwidth greater than about ½. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an interpolator circuit configured to perform operations comprising: receiving a complex baseband signal; and up-sampling the complex baseband signal to generate an up-sampled complex baseband signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-sampled complex baseband signal. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an up-converter circuit configured to translate the up-sampled complex baseband signal to a carrier frequency to generate an up-converted complex signal, wherein the DPD circuit is to generate the predistorted signal based at least in part on the up-converted complex signal. 6. The system of claim 1, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; and selecting from a first nonlinear look up table (LUT) a first LUT value based at least in part on the first value for the real-mode signal, wherein the first LUT value is a based at least in part on a sum of terms omitting a first order term. 7. The system of claim 6, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising
selecting from a second LUT a second LUT value based at least in part on a second value for the real-mode signal at a second time before the first time; and determining a sum of the first LUT value and the second LUT value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part on the sum. 8. The system of claim 1, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; determining an Ith order power of the first value; apply an Ith order tap coefficient to the Ith order power of the first value to generate an Ith order tap value; determining a Jth order power of the first value; and applying a Jth order tap coefficient to the Jth order power of the first value to generate a Jth order tap value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part a sum of the Ith order tap value and the Jth order tap value. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tilt reference filter circuit configured to apply a highpass frequency gain characteristic to the real-mode signal to generate a tilt reference real-mode signal, wherein the DPD circuit is also programmed to determine a tilt reference real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the tilt reference real-mode signal. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, by a digital predistortion (DPD) circuit, a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and generating, by the DPD circuit, a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by a complex-to-real circuit, a complex baseband signal; and generating the real-mode signal, by the complex-to-real circuit, using the complex baseband signal. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising correcting, by the DPD circuit, for at least one harmonic distortion term having an order greater than or equal to three and wherein the complex baseband signal has a fractional bandwidth greater than about ½. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by an interpolator circuit, a complex baseband signal; and up-sampling the complex baseband signal to generate an up-sampled complex baseband signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-sampled complex baseband signal. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
translating, by an up-converter circuit, the up-sampled complex baseband signal to a carrier frequency to generate an up-converted complex signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-converted complex signal. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining, by the DPD circuit, a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; and selecting, by the DPD circuit and from a first nonlinear look up table (LUT), a first LUT value based at least in part on the first value for the real-mode signal, wherein the first LUT value is a based at least in part on a sum of terms omitting a first order term. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
selecting, by the DPD circuit and from a second LUT, a second LUT value based at least in part on a second value for the real-mode signal at a second time before the first time; and determining, by the DPD circuit, a sum of the first LUT value and the second LUT value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part on the sum. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; determining an Ith order power of the first value; apply an Ith order tap coefficient to the Ith order power of the first value to generate an Ith order tap value; determining a Jth order power of the first value; and applying a Jth order tap coefficient to the Jth order power of the first value to generate a Jth order tap value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part a sum of the Ith order tap value and the Jth order tap value. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
applying a highpass frequency gain characteristic to the real-mode signal to generate a tilt reference real-mode signal; and determining a tilt reference real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the tilt reference real-mode signal. 19. A system comprising:
means for receiving a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and means for generating a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for receiving a complex baseband signal; and means for generating the real-mode signal using the complex baseband signal. | Various examples are directed to systems and methods for generating a real-mode predistorted signal. A digital predistortion (DPD) circuit may receive a real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion. The DPD circuit may generate a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal.1. A system comprising:
a digital predistortion (DPD) circuit configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and
generating a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a complex-to-real circuit programmed to perform operations comprising:
receiving a complex baseband signal; and generating the real-mode signal using the complex baseband signal. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the DPD circuit is configured to correct for at least one harmonic distortion term having an order greater than or equal to three and wherein the complex baseband signal has a fractional bandwidth greater than about ½. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an interpolator circuit configured to perform operations comprising: receiving a complex baseband signal; and up-sampling the complex baseband signal to generate an up-sampled complex baseband signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-sampled complex baseband signal. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an up-converter circuit configured to translate the up-sampled complex baseband signal to a carrier frequency to generate an up-converted complex signal, wherein the DPD circuit is to generate the predistorted signal based at least in part on the up-converted complex signal. 6. The system of claim 1, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; and selecting from a first nonlinear look up table (LUT) a first LUT value based at least in part on the first value for the real-mode signal, wherein the first LUT value is a based at least in part on a sum of terms omitting a first order term. 7. The system of claim 6, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising
selecting from a second LUT a second LUT value based at least in part on a second value for the real-mode signal at a second time before the first time; and determining a sum of the first LUT value and the second LUT value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part on the sum. 8. The system of claim 1, the DPD circuit further configured to perform operations comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; determining an Ith order power of the first value; apply an Ith order tap coefficient to the Ith order power of the first value to generate an Ith order tap value; determining a Jth order power of the first value; and applying a Jth order tap coefficient to the Jth order power of the first value to generate a Jth order tap value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part a sum of the Ith order tap value and the Jth order tap value. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tilt reference filter circuit configured to apply a highpass frequency gain characteristic to the real-mode signal to generate a tilt reference real-mode signal, wherein the DPD circuit is also programmed to determine a tilt reference real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the tilt reference real-mode signal. 10. A method comprising:
receiving, by a digital predistortion (DPD) circuit, a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and generating, by the DPD circuit, a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by a complex-to-real circuit, a complex baseband signal; and generating the real-mode signal, by the complex-to-real circuit, using the complex baseband signal. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising correcting, by the DPD circuit, for at least one harmonic distortion term having an order greater than or equal to three and wherein the complex baseband signal has a fractional bandwidth greater than about ½. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving, by an interpolator circuit, a complex baseband signal; and up-sampling the complex baseband signal to generate an up-sampled complex baseband signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-sampled complex baseband signal. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
translating, by an up-converter circuit, the up-sampled complex baseband signal to a carrier frequency to generate an up-converted complex signal, wherein the predistorted signal is based at least in part on the up-converted complex signal. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining, by the DPD circuit, a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; and selecting, by the DPD circuit and from a first nonlinear look up table (LUT), a first LUT value based at least in part on the first value for the real-mode signal, wherein the first LUT value is a based at least in part on a sum of terms omitting a first order term. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
selecting, by the DPD circuit and from a second LUT, a second LUT value based at least in part on a second value for the real-mode signal at a second time before the first time; and determining, by the DPD circuit, a sum of the first LUT value and the second LUT value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part on the sum. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining a first value for the real-mode signal at a first time; determining an Ith order power of the first value; apply an Ith order tap coefficient to the Ith order power of the first value to generate an Ith order tap value; determining a Jth order power of the first value; and applying a Jth order tap coefficient to the Jth order power of the first value to generate a Jth order tap value, wherein the real-mode predistorted signal is based at least in part a sum of the Ith order tap value and the Jth order tap value. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
applying a highpass frequency gain characteristic to the real-mode signal to generate a tilt reference real-mode signal; and determining a tilt reference real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the tilt reference real-mode signal. 19. A system comprising:
means for receiving a real-mode signal, the real-mode signal comprising a linear portion and a nonlinear portion; and means for generating a real-mode predistorted signal based at least in part on the real-mode signal. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
means for receiving a complex baseband signal; and means for generating the real-mode signal using the complex baseband signal. | 3,700 |
341,827 | 16,802,187 | 3,772 | Devices, systems, and methods are provided for adjustable hair bows. A wearable device such as an adjustable hair bow may include a base portion and a cover portion to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text. The wearable device may include a connection mechanism connected to the base portion, and may include a hair clip connected to the connection mechanism. | 1. A wearable device comprising:
a cover portion configured to connect to a base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; a connection mechanism connected to the base portion and a hair clip; the hair clip connected to the connection mechanism and configured to hold hair, wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip; and the base portion is rotatable relative to the connection mechanism and the hair clip. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the connection mechanism. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 5. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 7. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion independent of the orientation of the hair clip. 9. A wearable system comprising:
a base portion; and a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; wherein the base portion is configured to connect to a hair clip using a connection mechanism, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 10. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the base portion or the hair clip are rotatable around the connection mechanism. 11. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 12. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 13. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 14. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 15. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 16. A wearable apparatus comprising:
a base portion; a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; and a means for attaching the base portion to a hair clip, wherein the base portion is rotatable around the means for attaching, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 17. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the means for attaching. 18. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 19. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 20. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. | Devices, systems, and methods are provided for adjustable hair bows. A wearable device such as an adjustable hair bow may include a base portion and a cover portion to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text. The wearable device may include a connection mechanism connected to the base portion, and may include a hair clip connected to the connection mechanism.1. A wearable device comprising:
a cover portion configured to connect to a base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; a connection mechanism connected to the base portion and a hair clip; the hair clip connected to the connection mechanism and configured to hold hair, wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip; and the base portion is rotatable relative to the connection mechanism and the hair clip. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the connection mechanism. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 5. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 7. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion independent of the orientation of the hair clip. 9. A wearable system comprising:
a base portion; and a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; wherein the base portion is configured to connect to a hair clip using a connection mechanism, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 10. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the base portion or the hair clip are rotatable around the connection mechanism. 11. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 12. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 13. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 14. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 15. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 16. A wearable apparatus comprising:
a base portion; a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; and a means for attaching the base portion to a hair clip, wherein the base portion is rotatable around the means for attaching, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 17. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the means for attaching. 18. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 19. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 20. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. | 3,700 |
341,828 | 16,802,176 | 3,772 | Devices, systems, and methods are provided for adjustable hair bows. A wearable device such as an adjustable hair bow may include a base portion and a cover portion to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text. The wearable device may include a connection mechanism connected to the base portion, and may include a hair clip connected to the connection mechanism. | 1. A wearable device comprising:
a cover portion configured to connect to a base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; a connection mechanism connected to the base portion and a hair clip; the hair clip connected to the connection mechanism and configured to hold hair, wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip; and the base portion is rotatable relative to the connection mechanism and the hair clip. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the connection mechanism. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 5. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 7. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion independent of the orientation of the hair clip. 9. A wearable system comprising:
a base portion; and a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; wherein the base portion is configured to connect to a hair clip using a connection mechanism, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 10. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the base portion or the hair clip are rotatable around the connection mechanism. 11. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 12. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 13. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 14. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 15. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 16. A wearable apparatus comprising:
a base portion; a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; and a means for attaching the base portion to a hair clip, wherein the base portion is rotatable around the means for attaching, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 17. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the means for attaching. 18. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 19. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 20. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. | Devices, systems, and methods are provided for adjustable hair bows. A wearable device such as an adjustable hair bow may include a base portion and a cover portion to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text. The wearable device may include a connection mechanism connected to the base portion, and may include a hair clip connected to the connection mechanism.1. A wearable device comprising:
a cover portion configured to connect to a base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; a connection mechanism connected to the base portion and a hair clip; the hair clip connected to the connection mechanism and configured to hold hair, wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip; and the base portion is rotatable relative to the connection mechanism and the hair clip. 2. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the connection mechanism. 3. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 4. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 5. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 6. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 7. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 8. The wearable device of claim 1, wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion independent of the orientation of the hair clip. 9. A wearable system comprising:
a base portion; and a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion comprising one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; wherein the base portion is configured to connect to a hair clip using a connection mechanism, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 10. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the base portion or the hair clip are rotatable around the connection mechanism. 11. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the hair clip is an alligator clip or a barrette. 12. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein the connection mechanism is a screw or a pin. 13. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 14. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 15. The wearable system of claim 9, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. 16. A wearable apparatus comprising:
a base portion; a cover portion configured to connect to the base portion, the cover portion displaying one or more of an image or text, and wherein the cover portion is removable from the base portion; and a means for attaching the base portion to a hair clip, wherein the base portion is rotatable around the means for attaching, and wherein orientation of the base portion is independent of an orientation of the hair clip. 17. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein the hair clip is rotatable around the means for attaching. 18. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is larger than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the cover portion is configured to fit partially within the base portion. 19. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a length of the base portion is smaller than a length of the cover portion, and wherein the base portion is configured to fit partially within the cover portion. 20. The wearable apparatus of claim 16, wherein a thickness of the cover portion is between 0.1 and 0.2 inches. | 3,700 |
341,829 | 16,802,207 | 3,772 | Packaging systems for dental implants and methods for implanting a packaged implant are provided herein. The packaging system includes a housing and a cap forming an enclosure for a dental implant and corresponding healing screw. The housing includes a first and second base portion that interact with a platform that receives a portion of the dental implant to present the dental implant to a user during use. | 1. A dental implant packaging system for holding a dental implant, comprising:
a housing configured for holding the dental implant, the housing including:
a base, including:
a first base portion; and
a second base portion rotatably coupled to the first base portion; and
a platform configured to receive a portion of the dental implant and move within the base to present the dental implant to a user; and
a cap configured to couple to the housing to secure the dental implant within the housing. 2. The dental implant packaging system of claim 1, wherein rotation of the first base portion relative to the second base portion moves the platform in a proximal direction. 3. The dental implant packaging system of claim 2, wherein the first base portion extends from a proximal end to a distal end and includes a bore extending from a proximal end surface toward the distal end, the bore including a helical groove extending along a length of the bore from the proximal end surface toward the distal end. 4. The dental implant packaging system of claim 3, wherein the second base portion includes a body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, the second base portion including an engagement portion positioned toward the proximal end configured to couple with the cap and a mating portion positioned toward the distal end configured to rotatably couple with the first base portion. 5. The dental implant packaging system of claim 4, wherein the second base portion includes a bore extending from the proximal end to the distal end, the bore including at least one projection extending longitudinally along a portion of the bore. 6. The dental implant packaging system of claim 5, wherein the platform includes one projection extending perpendicular from a body of the platform and at least one groove extending longitudinally along a portion of the body of the platform. 7. The dental implant packaging system of claim 6, wherein the projection is configured to move within the helical groove of the first base portion when the first base portion is rotated relative to the second base portion and the at least one groove is configured to receive the at least one projection of the second base portion to rotationally lock the platform and the second base portion. 8. The dental implant packaging system of claim 7, wherein the platform includes an implant holding portion configured to receive a portion of the dental implant. 9. The dental implant packaging system claim 8, wherein the platform, when at a first configuration, is positioned within the base such that a top surface of a dental implant is positioned within the second base portion of the base, and wherein the platform, when at a second configuration, is positioned within the base such that the top surface of a dental implant is positioned at least level to the top surface of the second base portion. 10. The dental implant packaging system of claim 9, wherein the platform, when at the second configuration, is positioned within the base such that the top surface of the dental implant is outside of the second base portion. 11. The dental implant packaging system of claim 10, wherein rotating the first base portion relative to the second base portion moves the platform from the first configuration to the second configuration as the projection on the platform moves within the helical groove of the first base portion. 12. The dental implant packaging system of claim 11, wherein the bore of the first base portion includes a slot in communication with the helical groove configured to receive the projection of the platform to restrict axial movement of the platform along a longitudinal axis of the housing. 13. The dental implant packaging system of claim 1, wherein the cap includes an opening extending from a distal end surface of the cap to an inner cap surface, the cap including a plug extending from the inner cap surface to a plug end surface, the plug configured to receive a healing screw that mates with the dental implant. 14. The dental implant packaging system of claim 13, wherein the plug end surface defines a healing screw bore configured to receive and engage with the healing screw for use with the dental implant. 15. The dental implant packaging system of claim 14, wherein the platform and the plug cooperate to retain the dental implant at a fixed position within the housing. 16. A dental implant packaging system, comprising:
a housing configured for holding the dental implant, the housing including:
a base, including:
a first base portion; and
a second base portion rotatably coupled to the first base portion; and
a platform configured to receive a portion of the dental implant and move within the base to present the dental implant to a user;
a cap configured to couple to the housing to secure the dental implant within the housing; a dental implant positioned at least partially within the platform; and a healing screw positioned within the cap, the healing screw configured to with the dental implant once implanted within the patient. 17. The dental implant packaging system of claim 16, wherein the cap includes a plug extending from an inner cap surface, the plug configured to retain the healing screw. 18. The dental implant packaging system of claim 17, wherein a portion of the platform and a portion of the plug engage the dental implant to secure the dental implant within the housing when the cap is coupled to the housing. 19. A method for implanting a dental implant within an implant site, the method comprising:
providing a dental implant packaging system having a housing and a cap coupled to the housing, a dental implant contained within the housing, and a healing screw contained with the cap, the housing including:
a first base portion rotatably coupled to a second base portion and a platform movable relative to the first and second base portions when the first base portion is rotated relative to the second base portion;
removing the cap from the housing, the cap presenting the healing screw for use; rotating the first base portion relative to the second base portion to move the platform proximally to present the dental implant at least partially contained with the platform to a user; separating the dental implant from the housing to insert into a patient; and separating the healing screw from the cap and coupling the healing screw to the implanted dental implant. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein, while the platform moves proximally along a longitudinal axis of the housing relative to the second base portion, the platform and the second base portion have a fixed rotational position. | Packaging systems for dental implants and methods for implanting a packaged implant are provided herein. The packaging system includes a housing and a cap forming an enclosure for a dental implant and corresponding healing screw. The housing includes a first and second base portion that interact with a platform that receives a portion of the dental implant to present the dental implant to a user during use.1. A dental implant packaging system for holding a dental implant, comprising:
a housing configured for holding the dental implant, the housing including:
a base, including:
a first base portion; and
a second base portion rotatably coupled to the first base portion; and
a platform configured to receive a portion of the dental implant and move within the base to present the dental implant to a user; and
a cap configured to couple to the housing to secure the dental implant within the housing. 2. The dental implant packaging system of claim 1, wherein rotation of the first base portion relative to the second base portion moves the platform in a proximal direction. 3. The dental implant packaging system of claim 2, wherein the first base portion extends from a proximal end to a distal end and includes a bore extending from a proximal end surface toward the distal end, the bore including a helical groove extending along a length of the bore from the proximal end surface toward the distal end. 4. The dental implant packaging system of claim 3, wherein the second base portion includes a body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, the second base portion including an engagement portion positioned toward the proximal end configured to couple with the cap and a mating portion positioned toward the distal end configured to rotatably couple with the first base portion. 5. The dental implant packaging system of claim 4, wherein the second base portion includes a bore extending from the proximal end to the distal end, the bore including at least one projection extending longitudinally along a portion of the bore. 6. The dental implant packaging system of claim 5, wherein the platform includes one projection extending perpendicular from a body of the platform and at least one groove extending longitudinally along a portion of the body of the platform. 7. The dental implant packaging system of claim 6, wherein the projection is configured to move within the helical groove of the first base portion when the first base portion is rotated relative to the second base portion and the at least one groove is configured to receive the at least one projection of the second base portion to rotationally lock the platform and the second base portion. 8. The dental implant packaging system of claim 7, wherein the platform includes an implant holding portion configured to receive a portion of the dental implant. 9. The dental implant packaging system claim 8, wherein the platform, when at a first configuration, is positioned within the base such that a top surface of a dental implant is positioned within the second base portion of the base, and wherein the platform, when at a second configuration, is positioned within the base such that the top surface of a dental implant is positioned at least level to the top surface of the second base portion. 10. The dental implant packaging system of claim 9, wherein the platform, when at the second configuration, is positioned within the base such that the top surface of the dental implant is outside of the second base portion. 11. The dental implant packaging system of claim 10, wherein rotating the first base portion relative to the second base portion moves the platform from the first configuration to the second configuration as the projection on the platform moves within the helical groove of the first base portion. 12. The dental implant packaging system of claim 11, wherein the bore of the first base portion includes a slot in communication with the helical groove configured to receive the projection of the platform to restrict axial movement of the platform along a longitudinal axis of the housing. 13. The dental implant packaging system of claim 1, wherein the cap includes an opening extending from a distal end surface of the cap to an inner cap surface, the cap including a plug extending from the inner cap surface to a plug end surface, the plug configured to receive a healing screw that mates with the dental implant. 14. The dental implant packaging system of claim 13, wherein the plug end surface defines a healing screw bore configured to receive and engage with the healing screw for use with the dental implant. 15. The dental implant packaging system of claim 14, wherein the platform and the plug cooperate to retain the dental implant at a fixed position within the housing. 16. A dental implant packaging system, comprising:
a housing configured for holding the dental implant, the housing including:
a base, including:
a first base portion; and
a second base portion rotatably coupled to the first base portion; and
a platform configured to receive a portion of the dental implant and move within the base to present the dental implant to a user;
a cap configured to couple to the housing to secure the dental implant within the housing; a dental implant positioned at least partially within the platform; and a healing screw positioned within the cap, the healing screw configured to with the dental implant once implanted within the patient. 17. The dental implant packaging system of claim 16, wherein the cap includes a plug extending from an inner cap surface, the plug configured to retain the healing screw. 18. The dental implant packaging system of claim 17, wherein a portion of the platform and a portion of the plug engage the dental implant to secure the dental implant within the housing when the cap is coupled to the housing. 19. A method for implanting a dental implant within an implant site, the method comprising:
providing a dental implant packaging system having a housing and a cap coupled to the housing, a dental implant contained within the housing, and a healing screw contained with the cap, the housing including:
a first base portion rotatably coupled to a second base portion and a platform movable relative to the first and second base portions when the first base portion is rotated relative to the second base portion;
removing the cap from the housing, the cap presenting the healing screw for use; rotating the first base portion relative to the second base portion to move the platform proximally to present the dental implant at least partially contained with the platform to a user; separating the dental implant from the housing to insert into a patient; and separating the healing screw from the cap and coupling the healing screw to the implanted dental implant. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein, while the platform moves proximally along a longitudinal axis of the housing relative to the second base portion, the platform and the second base portion have a fixed rotational position. | 3,700 |
341,830 | 16,802,166 | 3,772 | A mechanical arm assembly can include a link movable in space, an actuator, and a joint. The actuator can include a housing secured to the link and can include a cable within the housing, where the cable can be translatable relative to the housing and the link. The joint can include a main shaft, a main gear, a meshing gear, and a release plate. | 1. A mechanical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link; and a joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear and rotatable about the longitudinal axis;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear and rotatable about the longitudinal axis, the meshing gear comprising:
a meshing gear tooth set releasably engageable with the main gear teeth;
a bore configured to receive the meshing gear tooth set therein; and
a biasing element disposable in the bore to engage the meshing gear tooth set to bias the meshing gear tooth set to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator to contact the meshing gear tooth set, thereby disengaging the meshing gear tooth set from the main gear teeth to allow rotation of the meshing gear relative to the main gear. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the main shaft includes an extension extending through the meshing gear, and the joint further comprises a fastener securable to the main shaft to engage an outer surface of the meshing gear to retain the meshing gear while allowing rotation of the meshing gear relative to the main shaft and the main gear. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the meshing gear tooth set includes a base disposable in the bore and includes a first tooth and a second tooth coupled to the base each of the first tooth and the second tooth extending away from the bore. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the first tooth and the second tooth have a truncated triangular pyramid shape. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the first tooth and the second tooth are tapered as the first tooth and the second tooth extend from the base. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the first tooth is spaced apart from the second tooth by a distance substantially equal to a width of the first tooth. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the meshing gear includes a second bore circumferentially spaced away from the bore, includes a second tooth set disposable in the second bore, and includes a second biasing element disposable in the second bore to engage the second tooth set to bias the second tooth set away from the second bore, the second tooth set configured to be engaged by the release plate to translate the second tooth set into the second bore to disengage the second tooth set from the main gear teeth. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the second tooth set includes a second base disposable in the second bore and includes a third tooth and a fourth tooth coupled to the second base and each extending away from the second bore. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the bore and the second bore are circumferentially spaced with respect to the meshing gear such that the first tooth and the second tooth are spaced from each other at a first angle and the third tooth and the fourth tooth are spaced from each other at the first angle and the second tooth and the third tooth are spaced from each other at a second angle greater than the first angle such that when the first tooth and the second tooth align with the main gear teeth the third tooth and the fourth tooth do not align with the main gear teeth. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein a number of meshing gear teeth is equal to or greater than (360/nMT)/i, where nMT is a number of main gear teeth and i is an increment of adjustment of the meshing gear with respect to the main gear. 11. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a bracket connected to the main shaft; and a release connected to the bracket and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, the release configured to engage the release plate to translate the release plate to engage the tooth set to disengage the meshing gear from the main gear when the release is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the main shaft includes a release slot extending through the main shaft configured to receive the release therethrough and the main shaft includes a pin slot extending through the main shaft substantially orthogonally to the release slot, wherein the release includes a handle pin bore extending therethrough, and wherein the joint includes a first pin insertable through the pin slot and the handle pin bore to couple the main shaft to the release, the first pin translatable within the pin slot to limit translation of the release with respect to the main shaft. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the bracket includes a first bracket pin bore and a second bracket pin bore spaced away from the first bracket pin bore, wherein the release includes a second handle pin bore spaced away from the handle pin bore, the first bracket pin bore configured to receive the first pin therethrough to secure the handle to the bracket, the second bracket pin bore and the second handle pin bore configured to receive a second pin therethrough to create a pivot point for the release to pivot with respect to the bracket. 14. The assembly of claim 13, further comprising:
an actuator connected to the release and operable to rotate t handle about the pivot point. 15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the release includes a pair of opposing channels and wherein the actuator includes a pair of opposing pins disposable within the pair of opposing channels to couple the release to the actuator. 16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a pair of opposing flanges configured to engage the actuator to limit movement of the actuator with respect to the bracket, and wherein the joint includes an actuator fastener securable to the pair of opposing flanges and to the actuator to limit movement of the actuator with respect to the bracket. 17. A mechanical articulable surgical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link; and a joint coupled to the link, the joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis, the main shaft coupled to the link;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft and extending outward from the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear, the meshing gear comprising:
a meshing gear tooth releasably engageable with the main gear teeth;
a bore configured to receive the meshing gear tooth therein; and
a biasing element disposable in the bore to engage the meshing gear tooth to bias the meshing gear tooth to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator to engage the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth to allow the meshing gear to rotate relative to the main gear. 18. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a second link connected to the meshing gear and rotatable with the meshing gear relative to the first link and relative to the main shaft when the release plate engages the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth. 19. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a bracket connected to the main shaft; and a release connected to the bracket and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, the release configured to engage the release plate to translate the release plate to engage the tooth to disengage the meshing gear from the main gear when the release is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 20. The assembly of claim 19, further comprising:
a grip handle connected to the bracket; and a release handle connected to the release, the release handle operable to move the release between the locked position and the unlocked position. 21. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a tool holder connected to the meshing gear and rotatable with the meshing gear relative to the first link and the main shaft when the release plate engages the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth, the toot holder configured to support a surgical tool. 22. A surgical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link, the actuator movable between a locked position and an unlocked position; and a first joint and a second joint, each movable between locked and unlocked positions, each of the first joint and the second joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft and extending outward from the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear, the meshing gear comprising:
a plurality of meshing gear tooth sets engageable with the main gear;
a plurality of teeth bores, each of the plurality of teeth bores configured to receive one of the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets therein; and
a plurality of biasing elements each disposable in one of the plurality of teeth bores to engage one of the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to bias the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator toward the unlocked position to engage the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to disengage the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets from the plurality of main gear teeth to allow the meshing gear to rotate relative to the main gear. 23. The assembly of claim 22, further comprising:
a second link connected to the meshing gear of the first joint at a distal portion of the second link and connected to the main shaft of the second joint at a proximal portion of the second link; wherein movement of the actuator toward the unlocked position moves the cable to unlock both the first joint and the second joint and movement of the actuator toward the lock position moves the cable to lock both the first joint and the second joint. 24. The assembly of claim 23, further comprising:
wherein the first lock and the second lock are independently operable to move between the locked position and the unlocked position. | A mechanical arm assembly can include a link movable in space, an actuator, and a joint. The actuator can include a housing secured to the link and can include a cable within the housing, where the cable can be translatable relative to the housing and the link. The joint can include a main shaft, a main gear, a meshing gear, and a release plate.1. A mechanical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link; and a joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear and rotatable about the longitudinal axis;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear and rotatable about the longitudinal axis, the meshing gear comprising:
a meshing gear tooth set releasably engageable with the main gear teeth;
a bore configured to receive the meshing gear tooth set therein; and
a biasing element disposable in the bore to engage the meshing gear tooth set to bias the meshing gear tooth set to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator to contact the meshing gear tooth set, thereby disengaging the meshing gear tooth set from the main gear teeth to allow rotation of the meshing gear relative to the main gear. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the main shaft includes an extension extending through the meshing gear, and the joint further comprises a fastener securable to the main shaft to engage an outer surface of the meshing gear to retain the meshing gear while allowing rotation of the meshing gear relative to the main shaft and the main gear. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the meshing gear tooth set includes a base disposable in the bore and includes a first tooth and a second tooth coupled to the base each of the first tooth and the second tooth extending away from the bore. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the first tooth and the second tooth have a truncated triangular pyramid shape. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the first tooth and the second tooth are tapered as the first tooth and the second tooth extend from the base. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the first tooth is spaced apart from the second tooth by a distance substantially equal to a width of the first tooth. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the meshing gear includes a second bore circumferentially spaced away from the bore, includes a second tooth set disposable in the second bore, and includes a second biasing element disposable in the second bore to engage the second tooth set to bias the second tooth set away from the second bore, the second tooth set configured to be engaged by the release plate to translate the second tooth set into the second bore to disengage the second tooth set from the main gear teeth. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the second tooth set includes a second base disposable in the second bore and includes a third tooth and a fourth tooth coupled to the second base and each extending away from the second bore. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the bore and the second bore are circumferentially spaced with respect to the meshing gear such that the first tooth and the second tooth are spaced from each other at a first angle and the third tooth and the fourth tooth are spaced from each other at the first angle and the second tooth and the third tooth are spaced from each other at a second angle greater than the first angle such that when the first tooth and the second tooth align with the main gear teeth the third tooth and the fourth tooth do not align with the main gear teeth. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein a number of meshing gear teeth is equal to or greater than (360/nMT)/i, where nMT is a number of main gear teeth and i is an increment of adjustment of the meshing gear with respect to the main gear. 11. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a bracket connected to the main shaft; and a release connected to the bracket and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, the release configured to engage the release plate to translate the release plate to engage the tooth set to disengage the meshing gear from the main gear when the release is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the main shaft includes a release slot extending through the main shaft configured to receive the release therethrough and the main shaft includes a pin slot extending through the main shaft substantially orthogonally to the release slot, wherein the release includes a handle pin bore extending therethrough, and wherein the joint includes a first pin insertable through the pin slot and the handle pin bore to couple the main shaft to the release, the first pin translatable within the pin slot to limit translation of the release with respect to the main shaft. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the bracket includes a first bracket pin bore and a second bracket pin bore spaced away from the first bracket pin bore, wherein the release includes a second handle pin bore spaced away from the handle pin bore, the first bracket pin bore configured to receive the first pin therethrough to secure the handle to the bracket, the second bracket pin bore and the second handle pin bore configured to receive a second pin therethrough to create a pivot point for the release to pivot with respect to the bracket. 14. The assembly of claim 13, further comprising:
an actuator connected to the release and operable to rotate t handle about the pivot point. 15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the release includes a pair of opposing channels and wherein the actuator includes a pair of opposing pins disposable within the pair of opposing channels to couple the release to the actuator. 16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the bracket includes a pair of opposing flanges configured to engage the actuator to limit movement of the actuator with respect to the bracket, and wherein the joint includes an actuator fastener securable to the pair of opposing flanges and to the actuator to limit movement of the actuator with respect to the bracket. 17. A mechanical articulable surgical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link; and a joint coupled to the link, the joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis, the main shaft coupled to the link;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft and extending outward from the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear, the meshing gear comprising:
a meshing gear tooth releasably engageable with the main gear teeth;
a bore configured to receive the meshing gear tooth therein; and
a biasing element disposable in the bore to engage the meshing gear tooth to bias the meshing gear tooth to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator to engage the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth to allow the meshing gear to rotate relative to the main gear. 18. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a second link connected to the meshing gear and rotatable with the meshing gear relative to the first link and relative to the main shaft when the release plate engages the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth. 19. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a bracket connected to the main shaft; and a release connected to the bracket and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, the release configured to engage the release plate to translate the release plate to engage the tooth to disengage the meshing gear from the main gear when the release is moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. 20. The assembly of claim 19, further comprising:
a grip handle connected to the bracket; and a release handle connected to the release, the release handle operable to move the release between the locked position and the unlocked position. 21. The assembly of claim 17, further comprising:
a tool holder connected to the meshing gear and rotatable with the meshing gear relative to the first link and the main shaft when the release plate engages the meshing gear tooth to disengage the meshing gear tooth from the main gear teeth, the toot holder configured to support a surgical tool. 22. A surgical arm assembly comprising:
a link movable in space; an actuator including a housing secured to the link, the actuator including a cable within the housing, the cable translatable relative to the housing and the link, the actuator movable between a locked position and an unlocked position; and a first joint and a second joint, each movable between locked and unlocked positions, each of the first joint and the second joint comprising:
a main shaft extending along a longitudinal axis;
a main gear coupled to the main shaft and extending outward from the main shaft, the main gear including a plurality of main gear teeth extending radially outward from a periphery of the main gear;
a meshing gear in coaxial alignment with the main gear, the meshing gear comprising:
a plurality of meshing gear tooth sets engageable with the main gear;
a plurality of teeth bores, each of the plurality of teeth bores configured to receive one of the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets therein; and
a plurality of biasing elements each disposable in one of the plurality of teeth bores to engage one of the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to bias the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to extend from the meshing gear; and
a release plate supported by the main shaft and translatable in response to movement of the actuator toward the unlocked position to engage the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets to disengage the plurality of meshing gear tooth sets from the plurality of main gear teeth to allow the meshing gear to rotate relative to the main gear. 23. The assembly of claim 22, further comprising:
a second link connected to the meshing gear of the first joint at a distal portion of the second link and connected to the main shaft of the second joint at a proximal portion of the second link; wherein movement of the actuator toward the unlocked position moves the cable to unlock both the first joint and the second joint and movement of the actuator toward the lock position moves the cable to lock both the first joint and the second joint. 24. The assembly of claim 23, further comprising:
wherein the first lock and the second lock are independently operable to move between the locked position and the unlocked position. | 3,700 |
341,831 | 16,802,224 | 3,735 | A socket holder tool attachment apparatus for securing sockets to tools includes a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end. A front clip is coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end and a back clip is coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end. Each of the front clip and the back clip is configured to attach to a tool. A plurality of socket posts is coupled to the rail top side. The plurality of socket posts is configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets. | 1. A socket holder tool attachment apparatus comprising:
a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end; a front clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end; a back clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end, each of the front clip and the back clip being configured to attach to a tool; and a plurality of socket posts coupled to the rail top side, the plurality of socket posts being configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets. 2. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising the front clip being annular and configured to selectively engage a handheld drill proximal a drill chuck thereof. 3. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 2 further comprising the back clip comprising a left arm and a right arm defining a receiving area therebetween, the receiving area being configured to receive a drill body of the handheld drill. 4. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 3 further comprising each of the left arm and the right arm having an arched portion and a convexly curved distal portion. 5. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 4 further comprising the arched portion completing at least a 90° arc. 6. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising the plurality of socket posts being arranged in a linear array with a distance between each pair of adjacent socket posts of the plurality of socket posts progressively increasing. 7. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising each socket post being rectangular prismatic and being configured to conform to standard socket driver dimensions including ¼″, ⅜″, and ½″. 8. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 7 further comprising each socket post having a chamfered top edge. 9. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim further comprising each socket post having a spring-loaded ball protrusion. 10. A socket holder tool attachment apparatus comprising:
a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end; a front clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end, the front clip being annular and configured to selectively engage a handheld drill proximal a drill chuck thereof; a back clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end, the back clip comprising a left arm and a right arm defining a receiving area therebetween, each of the left arm and the right arm having an arched portion and a convexly curved distal portion, the arched portion completing at least a 90° arc, the receiving area being configured to receive a drill body of the handheld drill; and a plurality of socket posts coupled to the rail top side, the plurality of socket posts being arranged in a linear array with a distance between each pair of adjacent socket posts of the plurality of socket posts progressively increasing, the plurality of socket posts being configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets, each socket post being rectangular prismatic and having a chamfered top edge, each socket post being configured to conform to standard socket driver dimensions including ¼″, ⅜″, and ½″, each socket post having a spring-loaded ball protrusion. | A socket holder tool attachment apparatus for securing sockets to tools includes a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end. A front clip is coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end and a back clip is coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end. Each of the front clip and the back clip is configured to attach to a tool. A plurality of socket posts is coupled to the rail top side. The plurality of socket posts is configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets.1. A socket holder tool attachment apparatus comprising:
a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end; a front clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end; a back clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end, each of the front clip and the back clip being configured to attach to a tool; and a plurality of socket posts coupled to the rail top side, the plurality of socket posts being configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets. 2. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising the front clip being annular and configured to selectively engage a handheld drill proximal a drill chuck thereof. 3. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 2 further comprising the back clip comprising a left arm and a right arm defining a receiving area therebetween, the receiving area being configured to receive a drill body of the handheld drill. 4. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 3 further comprising each of the left arm and the right arm having an arched portion and a convexly curved distal portion. 5. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 4 further comprising the arched portion completing at least a 90° arc. 6. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising the plurality of socket posts being arranged in a linear array with a distance between each pair of adjacent socket posts of the plurality of socket posts progressively increasing. 7. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 1 further comprising each socket post being rectangular prismatic and being configured to conform to standard socket driver dimensions including ¼″, ⅜″, and ½″. 8. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim 7 further comprising each socket post having a chamfered top edge. 9. The socket holder tool attachment apparatus of claim further comprising each socket post having a spring-loaded ball protrusion. 10. A socket holder tool attachment apparatus comprising:
a rail having a rail top side, a rail bottom side, a rail front end, and a rail back end; a front clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail front end, the front clip being annular and configured to selectively engage a handheld drill proximal a drill chuck thereof; a back clip coupled to the rail bottom side proximal the rail back end, the back clip comprising a left arm and a right arm defining a receiving area therebetween, each of the left arm and the right arm having an arched portion and a convexly curved distal portion, the arched portion completing at least a 90° arc, the receiving area being configured to receive a drill body of the handheld drill; and a plurality of socket posts coupled to the rail top side, the plurality of socket posts being arranged in a linear array with a distance between each pair of adjacent socket posts of the plurality of socket posts progressively increasing, the plurality of socket posts being configured to selectively receive a plurality of sockets, each socket post being rectangular prismatic and having a chamfered top edge, each socket post being configured to conform to standard socket driver dimensions including ¼″, ⅜″, and ½″, each socket post having a spring-loaded ball protrusion. | 3,700 |
341,832 | 16,802,211 | 3,735 | A sports training assembly includes a plurality of remote targets. Each of the remote targets is positionable on a training field and each of the remote targets respectively emits a visual alert when the respective remote target is turned on. In this way the respective remote target is established as the desired target for the athlete to strike. A base target is positionable on the training field and the base target emits a visual alert when the base target is turned on thereby establishing the base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike. Moreover, the base target is in electrical communication with each of the remote targets and the base target turns on each of the remote targets in a random sequence. A plurality of balls is provided and each of the base and remote targets is mounted on a respective one of the balls. Moreover, each of the balls is biased to vertically orient the remote and base targets for striking. | 1. (canceled) 2. A sports training assembly having a plurality of sequentially illuminated targets for enhancing physical speed and reaction time, said assembly comprising:
a plurality of remote targets, each of said remote targets being positionable on a training field wherein each of said remote targets is configured to be struck by an athlete, said plurality of remote targets being spaced a pre-determined distance away from each other on the training field, each of said remote targets respectively emitting a visual alert when said respective remote target is turned on thereby establishing said respective remote target as the desired target for the athlete to strike; a base target being positionable on the training field wherein said base target is configured to be struck by the athlete, said base target emitting a visual alert when said base target is turned on thereby establishing said base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, said base target being in electrical communication with each of said remote targets, said base target turning on each of said remote targets in a random sequence; a plurality of poles, each of said poles having a respective one of said remote or base targets being removably coupled thereto; and a plurality of balls, each of said balls being internally weighted off center such that each of said balls is biased to return to a home position when said balls are rolled, each of said balls having a respective one of said poles being removably coupled thereto, each of said balls vertically orienting said respective pole when said balls are in said home position thereby elevating said remote and base targets for striking; and wherein each of said remote targets comprises:
a remote panel having a primary surface and an outer edge, said outer edge having a lower side, said lower side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a remote control circuit being positioned within said remote panel;
a remote transceiver being positioned within said remote panel, said remote transceiver being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote transceiver emitting a trigger signal when said remote control circuit receives a trigger input, said remote control circuit being turned on when said remote transceiver receives an activation signal; and
a plurality of remote light emitters, each of said remote light emitters being coupled to said primary surface of said remote panel, each of said remote light emitters being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, each of said remote light emitters being turned on when said remote control circuit receives said activation signal from said remote transceiver wherein said remote light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said remote panel. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, further comprising:
a remote accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said remote panel, said remote accelerometer detecting acceleration of said remote panel wherein said remote accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said remote panel, said remote control circuit receiving said trigger signal when said remote accelerometer detects acceleration; and a remote power supply being coupled to said remote target, said remote power supply being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote power supply comprising at least one battery. 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said base target comprising:
a base panel having a first surface and a peripheral edge, said peripheral edge having a bottom side, said bottom side having a well extending upwardly therein; a base control circuit being positioned within said base panel; and a base transceiver being positioned within said base panel, said base transceiver being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver being in wireless electrical communication with said remote transceiver in each of said remote targets, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal to said remote transceiver in a randomly selected remote target thereby turning on said remote control circuit in said randomly selected remote target, said base transceiver receiving said trigger signal from said remote transceiver in said randomly selected remote target when said remote accelerometer in said randomly selected remote target detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base transceiver receives said trigger signal. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, further comprising:
an electronic timer being positioned within said base panel, said electronic timer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal after said electronic timer counts a pre-determined amount of time; a control panel being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said control panel being electrically coupled to said control circuit, said control panel being manipulated to select one of a plurality of pre-determined trigger times in said electronic timer; and a plurality of base light emitters, each of said base light emitters being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, each of said light emitters being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, each of said base light emitters being turned on when said base control circuit randomly selects said base target to be turned on wherein said base light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said base panel. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, further comprising:
a base accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said base accelerometer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base accelerometer detecting acceleration of said base panel wherein said base accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said base panel, said base control circuit receiving a strike input when said base accelerometer detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base control circuit receives said strike signal; and a base power supply being coupled to said base panel, said base power supply being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base power supply comprising at least one battery. 7. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein:
each of said poles has a first end and a second end, said well in each of said remote and base targets insertably receiving said first end of a respective one of said poles; and each of said balls has an outer surface, said outer surface of each of said balls having a well extending inwardly therein, said well in each of said balls being directed upwardly when said balls are in said home position, said well in said outer surface of each of said balls insertably receiving said second end of said respective pole. 8. A sports training assembly having a plurality of sequentially illuminated targets for enhancing physical speed and reaction time, said assembly comprising:
a plurality of remote targets, each of said remote targets being positionable on a training field wherein each of said remote targets is configured to be struck by an athlete, said plurality of remote targets being spaced a pre-determined distance away from each other on the training field, each of said remote targets respectively emitting a visual alert when said respective remote target is turned on thereby establishing said respective remote target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, each of said remote targets comprising:
a remote panel having a primary surface and an outer edge, said outer edge having a lower side, said lower side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a remote control circuit being positioned within said remote panel;
a remote transceiver being positioned within said remote panel, said remote transceiver being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote transceiver emitting a trigger signal when said remote control circuit receives a trigger input, said remote control circuit being turned on when said remote transceiver receives an activation signal;
a plurality of remote light emitters, each of said remote light emitters being coupled to said primary surface of said remote panel, each of said remote light emitters being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, each of said remote light emitters being turned on when said remote control circuit receives said activation signal from said remote transceiver wherein said remote light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said remote panel;
a remote accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said remote panel, said remote accelerometer detecting acceleration of said remote panel wherein said remote accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said remote panel, said remote control circuit receiving said trigger signal when said remote accelerometer detects acceleration; and
a remote power supply being coupled to said remote target, said remote power supply being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote power supply comprising at least one battery;
a base target being positionable on the training field wherein said base target is configured to be struck by the athlete, said base target emitting a visual alert when said base target is turned on thereby establishing said base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, said base target being in electrical communication with each of said remote targets, said base target turning on each of said remote targets in a random sequence, said base target comprising:
a base panel having a first surface and a peripheral edge, said peripheral edge having a bottom side, said bottom side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a base control circuit being positioned within said base panel;
a base transceiver being positioned within said base panel, said base transceiver being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver being in wireless electrical communication with said remote transceiver in each of said remote targets, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal to said remote transceiver in a randomly selected remote target thereby turning on said remote control circuit in said randomly selected remote target, said base transceiver receiving said trigger signal from said remote transceiver in said randomly selected remote target when said remote accelerometer in said randomly selected remote target detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base transceiver receives said trigger signal;
an electronic timer being positioned within said base panel, said electronic timer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal after said electronic timer counts a pre-determined amount of time;
a control panel being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said control panel being electrically coupled to said control circuit, said control panel being manipulated to select one of a plurality of pre-determined trigger times in said electronic timer;
a plurality of base light emitters, each of said base light emitters being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, each of said light emitters being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, each of said base light emitters being turned on when said base control circuit randomly selects said base target to be turned on wherein said base light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said base panel;
a base accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said base accelerometer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base accelerometer detecting acceleration of said base panel wherein said base accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said base panel, said base control circuit receiving a strike input when said base accelerometer detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base control circuit receives said strike signal; and
a base power supply being coupled to said base panel, said base power supply being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base power supply comprising at least one battery;
a plurality of poles, each of said poles having a respective one of said remote or base targets being removably coupled thereto, each of said poles having a first end and a second end, said well in each of said remote and base targets insertably receiving said first end of a respective one of said poles; and a plurality of balls, each of said balls being internally weighted off center such that each of said balls is biased to return to a home position when said balls are rolled, each of said balls having a respective one of said poles being removably coupled thereto, each of said balls vertically orienting said respective pole when said balls are in said home position thereby elevating said remote and base targets for striking, each of said balls having an outer surface, said outer surface of each of said balls having a well extending inwardly therein, said well in each of said balls being directed upwardly when said balls are in said home position, said well in said outer surface of each of said balls insertably receiving said second end of said respective pole. | A sports training assembly includes a plurality of remote targets. Each of the remote targets is positionable on a training field and each of the remote targets respectively emits a visual alert when the respective remote target is turned on. In this way the respective remote target is established as the desired target for the athlete to strike. A base target is positionable on the training field and the base target emits a visual alert when the base target is turned on thereby establishing the base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike. Moreover, the base target is in electrical communication with each of the remote targets and the base target turns on each of the remote targets in a random sequence. A plurality of balls is provided and each of the base and remote targets is mounted on a respective one of the balls. Moreover, each of the balls is biased to vertically orient the remote and base targets for striking.1. (canceled) 2. A sports training assembly having a plurality of sequentially illuminated targets for enhancing physical speed and reaction time, said assembly comprising:
a plurality of remote targets, each of said remote targets being positionable on a training field wherein each of said remote targets is configured to be struck by an athlete, said plurality of remote targets being spaced a pre-determined distance away from each other on the training field, each of said remote targets respectively emitting a visual alert when said respective remote target is turned on thereby establishing said respective remote target as the desired target for the athlete to strike; a base target being positionable on the training field wherein said base target is configured to be struck by the athlete, said base target emitting a visual alert when said base target is turned on thereby establishing said base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, said base target being in electrical communication with each of said remote targets, said base target turning on each of said remote targets in a random sequence; a plurality of poles, each of said poles having a respective one of said remote or base targets being removably coupled thereto; and a plurality of balls, each of said balls being internally weighted off center such that each of said balls is biased to return to a home position when said balls are rolled, each of said balls having a respective one of said poles being removably coupled thereto, each of said balls vertically orienting said respective pole when said balls are in said home position thereby elevating said remote and base targets for striking; and wherein each of said remote targets comprises:
a remote panel having a primary surface and an outer edge, said outer edge having a lower side, said lower side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a remote control circuit being positioned within said remote panel;
a remote transceiver being positioned within said remote panel, said remote transceiver being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote transceiver emitting a trigger signal when said remote control circuit receives a trigger input, said remote control circuit being turned on when said remote transceiver receives an activation signal; and
a plurality of remote light emitters, each of said remote light emitters being coupled to said primary surface of said remote panel, each of said remote light emitters being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, each of said remote light emitters being turned on when said remote control circuit receives said activation signal from said remote transceiver wherein said remote light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said remote panel. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, further comprising:
a remote accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said remote panel, said remote accelerometer detecting acceleration of said remote panel wherein said remote accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said remote panel, said remote control circuit receiving said trigger signal when said remote accelerometer detects acceleration; and a remote power supply being coupled to said remote target, said remote power supply being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote power supply comprising at least one battery. 4. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said base target comprising:
a base panel having a first surface and a peripheral edge, said peripheral edge having a bottom side, said bottom side having a well extending upwardly therein; a base control circuit being positioned within said base panel; and a base transceiver being positioned within said base panel, said base transceiver being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver being in wireless electrical communication with said remote transceiver in each of said remote targets, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal to said remote transceiver in a randomly selected remote target thereby turning on said remote control circuit in said randomly selected remote target, said base transceiver receiving said trigger signal from said remote transceiver in said randomly selected remote target when said remote accelerometer in said randomly selected remote target detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base transceiver receives said trigger signal. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, further comprising:
an electronic timer being positioned within said base panel, said electronic timer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal after said electronic timer counts a pre-determined amount of time; a control panel being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said control panel being electrically coupled to said control circuit, said control panel being manipulated to select one of a plurality of pre-determined trigger times in said electronic timer; and a plurality of base light emitters, each of said base light emitters being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, each of said light emitters being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, each of said base light emitters being turned on when said base control circuit randomly selects said base target to be turned on wherein said base light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said base panel. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, further comprising:
a base accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said base accelerometer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base accelerometer detecting acceleration of said base panel wherein said base accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said base panel, said base control circuit receiving a strike input when said base accelerometer detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base control circuit receives said strike signal; and a base power supply being coupled to said base panel, said base power supply being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base power supply comprising at least one battery. 7. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein:
each of said poles has a first end and a second end, said well in each of said remote and base targets insertably receiving said first end of a respective one of said poles; and each of said balls has an outer surface, said outer surface of each of said balls having a well extending inwardly therein, said well in each of said balls being directed upwardly when said balls are in said home position, said well in said outer surface of each of said balls insertably receiving said second end of said respective pole. 8. A sports training assembly having a plurality of sequentially illuminated targets for enhancing physical speed and reaction time, said assembly comprising:
a plurality of remote targets, each of said remote targets being positionable on a training field wherein each of said remote targets is configured to be struck by an athlete, said plurality of remote targets being spaced a pre-determined distance away from each other on the training field, each of said remote targets respectively emitting a visual alert when said respective remote target is turned on thereby establishing said respective remote target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, each of said remote targets comprising:
a remote panel having a primary surface and an outer edge, said outer edge having a lower side, said lower side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a remote control circuit being positioned within said remote panel;
a remote transceiver being positioned within said remote panel, said remote transceiver being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote transceiver emitting a trigger signal when said remote control circuit receives a trigger input, said remote control circuit being turned on when said remote transceiver receives an activation signal;
a plurality of remote light emitters, each of said remote light emitters being coupled to said primary surface of said remote panel, each of said remote light emitters being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, each of said remote light emitters being turned on when said remote control circuit receives said activation signal from said remote transceiver wherein said remote light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said remote panel;
a remote accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said remote panel, said remote accelerometer detecting acceleration of said remote panel wherein said remote accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said remote panel, said remote control circuit receiving said trigger signal when said remote accelerometer detects acceleration; and
a remote power supply being coupled to said remote target, said remote power supply being electrically coupled to said remote control circuit, said remote power supply comprising at least one battery;
a base target being positionable on the training field wherein said base target is configured to be struck by the athlete, said base target emitting a visual alert when said base target is turned on thereby establishing said base target as the desired target for the athlete to strike, said base target being in electrical communication with each of said remote targets, said base target turning on each of said remote targets in a random sequence, said base target comprising:
a base panel having a first surface and a peripheral edge, said peripheral edge having a bottom side, said bottom side having a well extending upwardly therein;
a base control circuit being positioned within said base panel;
a base transceiver being positioned within said base panel, said base transceiver being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver being in wireless electrical communication with said remote transceiver in each of said remote targets, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal to said remote transceiver in a randomly selected remote target thereby turning on said remote control circuit in said randomly selected remote target, said base transceiver receiving said trigger signal from said remote transceiver in said randomly selected remote target when said remote accelerometer in said randomly selected remote target detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base transceiver receives said trigger signal;
an electronic timer being positioned within said base panel, said electronic timer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base transceiver emitting said activation signal after said electronic timer counts a pre-determined amount of time;
a control panel being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said control panel being electrically coupled to said control circuit, said control panel being manipulated to select one of a plurality of pre-determined trigger times in said electronic timer;
a plurality of base light emitters, each of said base light emitters being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, each of said light emitters being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, each of said base light emitters being turned on when said base control circuit randomly selects said base target to be turned on wherein said base light emitters are configured to visually alert the athlete to strike said base panel;
a base accelerometer being coupled to said first surface of said base panel, said base accelerometer being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base accelerometer detecting acceleration of said base panel wherein said base accelerometer is configured to detect when the athlete strikes said base panel, said base control circuit receiving a strike input when said base accelerometer detects acceleration, said base control circuit randomly selecting a subsequent remote target when said base control circuit receives said strike signal; and
a base power supply being coupled to said base panel, said base power supply being electrically coupled to said base control circuit, said base power supply comprising at least one battery;
a plurality of poles, each of said poles having a respective one of said remote or base targets being removably coupled thereto, each of said poles having a first end and a second end, said well in each of said remote and base targets insertably receiving said first end of a respective one of said poles; and a plurality of balls, each of said balls being internally weighted off center such that each of said balls is biased to return to a home position when said balls are rolled, each of said balls having a respective one of said poles being removably coupled thereto, each of said balls vertically orienting said respective pole when said balls are in said home position thereby elevating said remote and base targets for striking, each of said balls having an outer surface, said outer surface of each of said balls having a well extending inwardly therein, said well in each of said balls being directed upwardly when said balls are in said home position, said well in said outer surface of each of said balls insertably receiving said second end of said respective pole. | 3,700 |
341,833 | 16,802,198 | 3,735 | An optical imaging lens may include a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element positioned in an order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. Through designing concave and/or convex surface of the lens elements, the optical imaging lens may have improved imaging quality, enlarged aperture stop and reduced optical imaging lens length while the optical imaging lens may satisfy D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145, wherein a distance from an object side surface of the first lens element to an object side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61, a f-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno, an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH, and Abbe numbers of the second to fifth lens elements are represented by V2, V3, V4, V5. | 1. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements; a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61; a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno; an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH; an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2; an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3; an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4; an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(T5+G56)≤3.000. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/AAG≤2.300. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/(G67+BFL)≤1.700. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by TL, a sum of four air gaps from the third lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG37, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: TL/AAG37≤3.900. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(T6+T7)≤1.700. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(G56+G67)≤2.200. 8. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave;
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is convex;
an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex;
lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements;
a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61;
a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno;
an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH;
an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2;
an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3;
an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4;
an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and
the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a system focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (EFL+G12+G23+G45)/(T6+G67+BFL)≤2.700. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(G56+T6)≤2.300. 11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to the image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/(G56+G67+BFL)≤1.800. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/AAG≤1.300. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of five lens elements from the first lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT15, a sum of the thicknesses of two lens elements from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT15/ALT67≤2.100. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a system focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (EFL+T1+T2)/(G56+T6+BFL)≤3.100. 15. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements; a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61; a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno; an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH; an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2; an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3; an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4; an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(T3+G34)≤3.800. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/(G34+G45+G56)≤6.300. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/(G67+T7)≤2.500. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by TTL, a distance from the object-side surface of the fifth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D51t72, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: TTL/D51t72≤2.900. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(T3+T6)≤2.300. | An optical imaging lens may include a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element positioned in an order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. Through designing concave and/or convex surface of the lens elements, the optical imaging lens may have improved imaging quality, enlarged aperture stop and reduced optical imaging lens length while the optical imaging lens may satisfy D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145, wherein a distance from an object side surface of the first lens element to an object side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61, a f-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno, an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH, and Abbe numbers of the second to fifth lens elements are represented by V2, V3, V4, V5.1. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements; a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61; a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno; an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH; an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2; an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3; an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4; an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(T5+G56)≤3.000. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/AAG≤2.300. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/(G67+BFL)≤1.700. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by TL, a sum of four air gaps from the third lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG37, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: TL/AAG37≤3.900. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(T6+T7)≤1.700. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(G56+G67)≤2.200. 8. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave;
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is convex;
an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex;
lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements;
a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61;
a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno;
an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH;
an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2;
an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3;
an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4;
an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and
the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a system focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (EFL+G12+G23+G45)/(T6+G67+BFL)≤2.700. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(G56+T6)≤2.300. 11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to the image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/(G56+G67+BFL)≤1.800. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/AAG≤1.300. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of five lens elements from the first lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT15, a sum of the thicknesses of two lens elements from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT15/ALT67≤2.100. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a system focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (EFL+T1+T2)/(G56+T6+BFL)≤3.100. 15. An optical imaging lens comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; lens elements of the optical imaging lens having refracting power are composed of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lens elements; a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t61; a F-number of the optical imaging lens is represented by Fno; an image height of the optical imaging lens is represented by ImgH; an Abbe number of the second lens element is represented by V2; an Abbe number of the third lens element is represented by V3; an Abbe number of the fourth lens element is represented by V4; an Abbe number of the fifth lens element is represented by V5; and the optical imaging lens satisfies inequalities: D11t61*Fno/ImgH≤1.200 and 110.000≤V2+V3+V4+V5≤145.000. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: D11t31/(T3+G34)≤3.800. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a sum of the thicknesses of seven lens elements from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: ALT/(G34+G45+G56)≤6.300. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by D11t31, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the sixth lens element to the object-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by G67, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (D11t31+T4+G45)/(G67+T7)≤2.500. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by TTL, a distance from the object-side surface of the fifth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D51t72, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: TTL/D51t72≤2.900. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, and the optical imaging lens further satisfies an inequality: (T1+T2+T4+T5)/(T3+T6)≤2.300. | 3,700 |
341,834 | 16,802,162 | 3,735 | Mixed-metal oxides and lithiated mixed-metal oxides are disclosed that involve compounds according to, respectively, NixMnyCozMeαOβ and Li1+γNixMnyCozMeαOβ. In these compounds, Me is selected from B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, In, and combinations thereof; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z<1; x+y+z>0; 0≤α≤0.5; and x+y+α>0. For the mixed-metal oxides, 1≤β≤5. For the lithiated mixed-metal oxides, −0.1≤γ≤1.0 and 1.9≤β≤3. The mixed-metal oxides and the lithiated mixed-metal oxides include particles having an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density. | 1. (canceled) 2. Particles comprising a compound Formula (IVa) represented by
Co1-lM5 lAlmOn (IVa)
wherein M5 is B, Na, Mn, Ni, Mg, Ti, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sc, Y, Ga, Zr, Mo, Ru, and any combination thereof, 0<l<0.50; 0<m≤0.05; and 0.9≤n≤2.6, wherein the particles have an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density of the particles. 3. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.01≤m≤0.03. 4. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.001≤m≤0.005. 5. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.002≤m≤0.004. 6. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.02≤m≤0.03. 7. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 500 ppm. 8. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 750 ppm. 9. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 900 ppm. 10. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 2000 ppm. 11. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 1500 ppm. 12. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 1250 ppm. 13. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is approximately 1000 ppm. 14. The particles of claim 2, wherein a first portion of the particles has a mean particle size between 1 and 50 m. 15. The particles of claim 2, wherein the first portion of the particles has a mean particle size of between 10 and 20 μm. 16. The particles of claim 2, wherein a second portion of particles has a mean particle size of between 1 and 5 m. 17. The particles of claim 2, wherein a first portion of the particles has a mean particle size between 10 and 20 μm, and a second portion of the particles has a mean particle size of between 1 and 5 μm. 18. A cathode comprising a cathode current collector and a cathode active material disposed over the cathode current collector, the cathode active material comprising the composition of claim 2. 19. A battery cell, comprising:
an anode comprising an anode current collector and an anode active material disposed over the anode current collector; and the cathode of claim 18. 20. A portable electronic device comprising:
a set of components powered by the battery cell of claim 19. | Mixed-metal oxides and lithiated mixed-metal oxides are disclosed that involve compounds according to, respectively, NixMnyCozMeαOβ and Li1+γNixMnyCozMeαOβ. In these compounds, Me is selected from B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, In, and combinations thereof; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z<1; x+y+z>0; 0≤α≤0.5; and x+y+α>0. For the mixed-metal oxides, 1≤β≤5. For the lithiated mixed-metal oxides, −0.1≤γ≤1.0 and 1.9≤β≤3. The mixed-metal oxides and the lithiated mixed-metal oxides include particles having an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density.1. (canceled) 2. Particles comprising a compound Formula (IVa) represented by
Co1-lM5 lAlmOn (IVa)
wherein M5 is B, Na, Mn, Ni, Mg, Ti, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Sc, Y, Ga, Zr, Mo, Ru, and any combination thereof, 0<l<0.50; 0<m≤0.05; and 0.9≤n≤2.6, wherein the particles have an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density of the particles. 3. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.01≤m≤0.03. 4. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.001≤m≤0.005. 5. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.002≤m≤0.004. 6. The particles of claim 2, wherein 0.02≤m≤0.03. 7. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 500 ppm. 8. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 750 ppm. 9. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is at least 900 ppm. 10. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 2000 ppm. 11. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 1500 ppm. 12. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is less than or equal to 1250 ppm. 13. The particles of claim 2, wherein Al is approximately 1000 ppm. 14. The particles of claim 2, wherein a first portion of the particles has a mean particle size between 1 and 50 m. 15. The particles of claim 2, wherein the first portion of the particles has a mean particle size of between 10 and 20 μm. 16. The particles of claim 2, wherein a second portion of particles has a mean particle size of between 1 and 5 m. 17. The particles of claim 2, wherein a first portion of the particles has a mean particle size between 10 and 20 μm, and a second portion of the particles has a mean particle size of between 1 and 5 μm. 18. A cathode comprising a cathode current collector and a cathode active material disposed over the cathode current collector, the cathode active material comprising the composition of claim 2. 19. A battery cell, comprising:
an anode comprising an anode current collector and an anode active material disposed over the anode current collector; and the cathode of claim 18. 20. A portable electronic device comprising:
a set of components powered by the battery cell of claim 19. | 3,700 |
341,835 | 16,802,184 | 3,735 | The present invention relates to a silicone composition comprising the three silicone compounds: stearyl dimethicone, a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and a caprylyl methicone. Said combination provides a unique effect in the treatment of scars, by increasing hydration of stratum corneum and thereby facilitates regulation of fibroblast production and reduction in collagen production, whereby treatment of skin injuries is obtained. Said composition can be applied as a thin transparent silicone film on a desired skin area, does not require any drying time, and has an improved adherence to the patient's skin, thereby improving patient compliance during treatment. Furthermore, said silicone composition can be provided with an SPF of 50 and a relatively high silicone concentration. | 1. A composition comprising:
a stearyl dimethicone, a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and a caprylyl methicone. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity sufficient to provide said composition in the form of a stick. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range of about 10 Pa·s (pascal seconds) to about 100 Pa·s (as measured by a Rheomat RM 80 at a shear rate of 200 s-1, and 20° C.). 4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the stearyl dimethicone has a melting point of about 32° C. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 30 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, preferably at least 35 weight-% stearyl dimethicone and even more preferred at least 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the C30-45 alkyl methicone has a melting point above 50° C., preferably above 60° C. and even more preferably above or about 70° C. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 13 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, preferably at least 15 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, and even more preferably around or above 17 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 10 weight-% caprylyl methicone, preferably at least 20 weight-% caprylyl methicone, and even more preferred at least 30 weight-% caprylyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises one or more antioxidants and/moisturizers in an amount not exceeding 1.0 weight-% of the composition, preferably not exceeding 0.5 weight-% of the composition. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50. 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 13. The composition according to claim 1, containing 47.5 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 17.5 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 34.5 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.5 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 14. The composition according to claim 10, containing 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 15. A method for reducing or preventing scar formation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a stearyl dimethicone; a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and; a caprylyl methicone to a skin area susceptible to scar formation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range of about 10 Pa·s (pascal seconds) to about 100 Pa·s (as measured by a Rheomat RM 80 at a shear rate of 200 s-1, and 20° C.). 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the stearyl dimethicone has a melting point of about 32° C. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 30 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, preferably at least 35 weight-% stearyl dimethicone and even more preferred at least 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the C30-45 alkyl methicone has a melting point above 50° C., preferably above 60° C. and even more preferably above or about 70° C. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 13 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, preferably at least 15 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, and even more preferably around or above 17 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 10 weight-% caprylyl methicone, preferably at least 20 weight-% caprylyl methicone, and even more preferred at least 30 weight-% caprylyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 22. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition further comprises one or more antioxidants and/moisturizers in an amount not exceeding 1.0 weight-% of the composition, preferably not exceeding 0.5 weight-% of the composition. 23. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition further comprises one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50. 24. The method according to claim 26, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 25. The method according to claim 26, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 26. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition contains 47.5 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 17.5 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 34.5 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.5 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 27. The method according to claim 23, wherein the composition contains 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 28. A method for reducing or preventing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a stearyl dimethicone; a C30-45 alkyl methicone; a caprylyl methicone; and one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50, to a skin area susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition contains 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition is applied to the skin at least one time per day for at least one month. 33. The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition is applied to the skin at least one time per day for at least one month. | The present invention relates to a silicone composition comprising the three silicone compounds: stearyl dimethicone, a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and a caprylyl methicone. Said combination provides a unique effect in the treatment of scars, by increasing hydration of stratum corneum and thereby facilitates regulation of fibroblast production and reduction in collagen production, whereby treatment of skin injuries is obtained. Said composition can be applied as a thin transparent silicone film on a desired skin area, does not require any drying time, and has an improved adherence to the patient's skin, thereby improving patient compliance during treatment. Furthermore, said silicone composition can be provided with an SPF of 50 and a relatively high silicone concentration.1. A composition comprising:
a stearyl dimethicone, a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and a caprylyl methicone. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity sufficient to provide said composition in the form of a stick. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range of about 10 Pa·s (pascal seconds) to about 100 Pa·s (as measured by a Rheomat RM 80 at a shear rate of 200 s-1, and 20° C.). 4. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the stearyl dimethicone has a melting point of about 32° C. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 30 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, preferably at least 35 weight-% stearyl dimethicone and even more preferred at least 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the C30-45 alkyl methicone has a melting point above 50° C., preferably above 60° C. and even more preferably above or about 70° C. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 13 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, preferably at least 15 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, and even more preferably around or above 17 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises at least 10 weight-% caprylyl methicone, preferably at least 20 weight-% caprylyl methicone, and even more preferred at least 30 weight-% caprylyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises one or more antioxidants and/moisturizers in an amount not exceeding 1.0 weight-% of the composition, preferably not exceeding 0.5 weight-% of the composition. 10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50. 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 13. The composition according to claim 1, containing 47.5 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 17.5 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 34.5 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.5 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 14. The composition according to claim 10, containing 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 15. A method for reducing or preventing scar formation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a stearyl dimethicone; a C30-45 alkyl methicone, and; a caprylyl methicone to a skin area susceptible to scar formation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition has a viscosity in the range of about 10 Pa·s (pascal seconds) to about 100 Pa·s (as measured by a Rheomat RM 80 at a shear rate of 200 s-1, and 20° C.). 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the stearyl dimethicone has a melting point of about 32° C. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 30 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, preferably at least 35 weight-% stearyl dimethicone and even more preferred at least 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the C30-45 alkyl methicone has a melting point above 50° C., preferably above 60° C. and even more preferably above or about 70° C. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 13 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, preferably at least 15 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, and even more preferably around or above 17 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 21. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition comprises at least 10 weight-% caprylyl methicone, preferably at least 20 weight-% caprylyl methicone, and even more preferred at least 30 weight-% caprylyl methicone, based on the total weight of the composition. 22. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition further comprises one or more antioxidants and/moisturizers in an amount not exceeding 1.0 weight-% of the composition, preferably not exceeding 0.5 weight-% of the composition. 23. The method according to claim 15, wherein said composition further comprises one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50. 24. The method according to claim 26, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 25. The method according to claim 26, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 26. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition contains 47.5 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 17.5 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 34.5 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.5 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 27. The method according to claim 23, wherein the composition contains 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 28. A method for reducing or preventing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a stearyl dimethicone; a C30-45 alkyl methicone; a caprylyl methicone; and one or more sunscreen agents in a concentration such that the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the composition is at least 30 and even more preferred about 50, to a skin area susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the concentration of the sunscreen agent is at least 20 weight-%, preferably at least 21 weight-% and even more preferred around or above 22 weight-%, based on the total weight of the composition. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the sunscreen agent is a physical sunscreen agent containing mineral ingredients, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. 31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition contains 21 weight-% zinc oxide, 11 weight-% coco-caprylate/caprate, 40 weight-% stearyl dimethicone, 16.9 weight-% C30-45 alkyl methicone, 11 weight-% caprylyl methicone and 0.1 weight-% camellia oil, based on the total weight of the composition. 32. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition is applied to the skin at least one time per day for at least one month. 33. The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition is applied to the skin at least one time per day for at least one month. | 3,700 |
341,836 | 16,802,219 | 3,735 | One aspect of the invention provides a method for reducing inflammation in a patient including locally administering a composition comprising a complex comprising octadecylamine surface-functionalized nanodiamonds with dexamethasone bound to octadecylamine. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for reducing inflammation in a patient comprising locally administering a composition including octadecylamine surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein no therapeutic agent is bound to the nanodiamonds. | 1. A method of reducing inflammation in a patient, comprising administering a composition comprising octadecylene surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein the surface functionalized nanodiamonds do not bind a substantial amount of a therapeutic agent. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the site of inflammation is a lesion or diabetic ulcer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammation is caused by rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, venous leg ulcers, diabetes, psoriasis or multiple sclerosis. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is delivered to the skin, the intestine, the lungs, trachea, or kidney of the subject. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the patient's macrophages phagocytose the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds have a particle size of less than about 7 μm. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds have a particle size of about 1 μm. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds are locally administered. 9. A method of reducing a level of M2A macrophages in a patient comprising administering a composition comprising octadecylene surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein the surface functionalized nanodiamonds do not bind a substantial amount of a therapeutic agent. 10. The complex according to claim 9, wherein the nanodiamonds are aggregated, unaggregated or partially aggregated. | One aspect of the invention provides a method for reducing inflammation in a patient including locally administering a composition comprising a complex comprising octadecylamine surface-functionalized nanodiamonds with dexamethasone bound to octadecylamine. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for reducing inflammation in a patient comprising locally administering a composition including octadecylamine surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein no therapeutic agent is bound to the nanodiamonds.1. A method of reducing inflammation in a patient, comprising administering a composition comprising octadecylene surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein the surface functionalized nanodiamonds do not bind a substantial amount of a therapeutic agent. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the site of inflammation is a lesion or diabetic ulcer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammation is caused by rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, venous leg ulcers, diabetes, psoriasis or multiple sclerosis. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the composition is delivered to the skin, the intestine, the lungs, trachea, or kidney of the subject. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the patient's macrophages phagocytose the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds have a particle size of less than about 7 μm. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds have a particle size of about 1 μm. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface-functionalized nanodiamonds are locally administered. 9. A method of reducing a level of M2A macrophages in a patient comprising administering a composition comprising octadecylene surface-functionalized nanodiamonds, wherein the surface functionalized nanodiamonds do not bind a substantial amount of a therapeutic agent. 10. The complex according to claim 9, wherein the nanodiamonds are aggregated, unaggregated or partially aggregated. | 3,700 |
341,837 | 16,802,193 | 3,735 | This invention generally relates to a method for the thermomechanical treatment of semi-finished products of high-alloy steel. Typically, the method involves initially heating the steel semi-finished product to at least 1200° C., after which the semi-finished product is cooled and then reheated to a forming temperature, at which the semi-finished product is formed. Afterwards, the formed product is then cooled to ambient temperature. | 1. A method for thermomechanical treatment of semi-finished products of high-alloy steel, the method comprising:
(a) heating a semi-finished steel product to a temperature of at least 1200° C. to form a heated product; (b) cooling the heated product to form a first cooled product; (c) reheating the first cooled product to a forming temperature to thereby produce a formed product; and (d) cooling the formed product to ambient temperature. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the heating of step (a), the semi-finished steel product is held at 1200° C. for at least 15 minutes. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the cooling of step (b), the heated product is cooled to a temperature between 20° C. and 1100° C. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming temperature of the semi-finished steel product is between 1050° C. and 1100° C. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the reheating of step (c), the first cooled product is held at the forming temperature for at least 1.5 minutes. | This invention generally relates to a method for the thermomechanical treatment of semi-finished products of high-alloy steel. Typically, the method involves initially heating the steel semi-finished product to at least 1200° C., after which the semi-finished product is cooled and then reheated to a forming temperature, at which the semi-finished product is formed. Afterwards, the formed product is then cooled to ambient temperature.1. A method for thermomechanical treatment of semi-finished products of high-alloy steel, the method comprising:
(a) heating a semi-finished steel product to a temperature of at least 1200° C. to form a heated product; (b) cooling the heated product to form a first cooled product; (c) reheating the first cooled product to a forming temperature to thereby produce a formed product; and (d) cooling the formed product to ambient temperature. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the heating of step (a), the semi-finished steel product is held at 1200° C. for at least 15 minutes. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the cooling of step (b), the heated product is cooled to a temperature between 20° C. and 1100° C. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming temperature of the semi-finished steel product is between 1050° C. and 1100° C. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the reheating of step (c), the first cooled product is held at the forming temperature for at least 1.5 minutes. | 3,700 |
341,838 | 16,802,195 | 3,735 | A semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell for storing data; a page buffer connected to the memory cell through a bit line, to store data in the memory cell or read data from the memory cell; and a cache latch connected to the page buffer through a bus node. When bit data transmission operation between the page buffer and the cache latch is performed, the bus node is discharged before starting the bit data transmission operation. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a memory cell configured to store data; at least one page buffer connected to the memory cell through a bit line, to store data in the memory cell or read data from the memory cell; and at least one cache latch connected to the at least one page buffer through a bus node, wherein, when bit data transmission operation between the at least one page buffer and the at least one cache latch is performed, the page buffer discharges the bus node and then starts the bit data transmission operation. 2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the page buffer includes:
a main latch; a latch transistor having a gate terminal connected to the main latch; a first transmission transistor connected between the latch transistor and a first node; a second transmission transistor connected between the first transmission transistor and the bus node; and a bus node discharge transistor connected between the bus node and a voltage denoting a logic value 0. 3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 2, further comprising a third transmission transistor connected between the bus node and the at least one cache latch. 4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein, when bit data is transmitted from the main latch to the cache latch, the page buffer:
initializes a voltage of the bus node to a voltage denoting a logic value of 0 by turning on the bus node discharge transistor; and changes a bit data value stored in the cache latch, based on bit data stored in the main latch by turning on the first to third transmission transistors. 5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 4, wherein the first node is initialized to a power voltage,
wherein the power voltage is applied to a gate terminal of each of the first to third transmission transistors. 6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein, when the bit data stored in the main latch is a logic value of 1, a voltage value of the bus node is maintained as a logic value of 0 after the first and second transmission transistors are turned on. 7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 6, wherein bit data stored in the cache latch is initialized to a logic value of 0,
wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch is changed from initially a logic value of 0 to a logic value of 1 after the third transmission transistor is turned on. 8. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and the power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors, wherein a gate terminal of the second precharge transistor is connected to the main latch, wherein, when the bit data stored in the main latch is a logic value of 0, the first node is precharged to the power voltage by turning on the first and second precharge transistors, wherein the voltage value of the bus node is increased by a value corresponding to the difference between the power voltage and a threshold voltage value of the second transmission transistor, after the first and second transmission transistors are turned on. 9. The semiconductor memory device of claim 8, wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch is initialized to a logic value of 0,
wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch maintains initially a logic value of 0 after the third transmission transistor is turned on. 10. The semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and a power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors, wherein a gate terminal of the second precharge transistor is connected to the main latch. 11. The semiconductor memory device of claim 10, wherein, when bit data is transmitted from the cache latch to the main latch, the page buffer:
initializes the voltage of the bus node to a logic value of 0 by turning on the bus node discharge transistor; precharges the first node by turning on the first and third precharge transistors; adjusts a voltage value of the first node by turning on the third transmission transistor and the second transmission transistor; and stores data in the main latch, based on the voltage value of the first node. 12. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein, when the bit data stored in the cache latch is a logic value of 1,
the voltage of the bus node maintains a logic value of 0 after the third transmission transistor is turned on, and the voltage value of the first node is changed to a logic value of 0 after the second transmission transistor is turned on. 13. The semiconductor memory device of claim 12, wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is initialized to a logic value of 1,
wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is maintained as initially a logic value of 1, based on the voltage of the first node, which is changed to a logic value of 0. 14. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein, when the bit data stored in the cache latch is a logic value of 0, the voltage value of the bus node is increased by a value corresponding to the difference between the power voltage and a threshold voltage value of the third transmission transistor, after the third transmission transistor is turned on,
wherein the voltage value of the first node maintains the power voltage after the second transmission transistor is turned on. 15. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is initialized to a logic value of 1,
wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is changed from initially a logic value of 1 to a logic value of 0, based on the voltage value of the first node, which is maintained as the power voltage. 16. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a page buffer including a main latch; and a cache latch connected to the page buffer through a bus node, wherein, when bit data transmission operation between the main latch and the cache latch is performed, the page buffer discharges the bus node to a voltage denoting a logic value of 0 and then starts the bit data transmission operation. 17. The semiconductor memory device of claim 16, wherein the page buffer includes:
a main latch; a latch transistor having a gate terminal connected to the main latch; a first transmission transistor connected between the latch transistor and a first node; a second transmission transistor connected between the first transmission transistor and the bus node; and a bus node discharge transistor connected between the bus node and a ground. 18. The semiconductor memory device of claim 17, further comprising a third transmission transistor connected between the bus node and the cache latch. 19. The semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and a power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors. 20. The semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the page buffer further includes:
a first precharge transistor connected between the first node and a power voltage. | A semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell for storing data; a page buffer connected to the memory cell through a bit line, to store data in the memory cell or read data from the memory cell; and a cache latch connected to the page buffer through a bus node. When bit data transmission operation between the page buffer and the cache latch is performed, the bus node is discharged before starting the bit data transmission operation.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a memory cell configured to store data; at least one page buffer connected to the memory cell through a bit line, to store data in the memory cell or read data from the memory cell; and at least one cache latch connected to the at least one page buffer through a bus node, wherein, when bit data transmission operation between the at least one page buffer and the at least one cache latch is performed, the page buffer discharges the bus node and then starts the bit data transmission operation. 2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the page buffer includes:
a main latch; a latch transistor having a gate terminal connected to the main latch; a first transmission transistor connected between the latch transistor and a first node; a second transmission transistor connected between the first transmission transistor and the bus node; and a bus node discharge transistor connected between the bus node and a voltage denoting a logic value 0. 3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 2, further comprising a third transmission transistor connected between the bus node and the at least one cache latch. 4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein, when bit data is transmitted from the main latch to the cache latch, the page buffer:
initializes a voltage of the bus node to a voltage denoting a logic value of 0 by turning on the bus node discharge transistor; and changes a bit data value stored in the cache latch, based on bit data stored in the main latch by turning on the first to third transmission transistors. 5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 4, wherein the first node is initialized to a power voltage,
wherein the power voltage is applied to a gate terminal of each of the first to third transmission transistors. 6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein, when the bit data stored in the main latch is a logic value of 1, a voltage value of the bus node is maintained as a logic value of 0 after the first and second transmission transistors are turned on. 7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 6, wherein bit data stored in the cache latch is initialized to a logic value of 0,
wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch is changed from initially a logic value of 0 to a logic value of 1 after the third transmission transistor is turned on. 8. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and the power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors, wherein a gate terminal of the second precharge transistor is connected to the main latch, wherein, when the bit data stored in the main latch is a logic value of 0, the first node is precharged to the power voltage by turning on the first and second precharge transistors, wherein the voltage value of the bus node is increased by a value corresponding to the difference between the power voltage and a threshold voltage value of the second transmission transistor, after the first and second transmission transistors are turned on. 9. The semiconductor memory device of claim 8, wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch is initialized to a logic value of 0,
wherein the bit data stored in the cache latch maintains initially a logic value of 0 after the third transmission transistor is turned on. 10. The semiconductor memory device of claim 3, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and a power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors, wherein a gate terminal of the second precharge transistor is connected to the main latch. 11. The semiconductor memory device of claim 10, wherein, when bit data is transmitted from the cache latch to the main latch, the page buffer:
initializes the voltage of the bus node to a logic value of 0 by turning on the bus node discharge transistor; precharges the first node by turning on the first and third precharge transistors; adjusts a voltage value of the first node by turning on the third transmission transistor and the second transmission transistor; and stores data in the main latch, based on the voltage value of the first node. 12. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein, when the bit data stored in the cache latch is a logic value of 1,
the voltage of the bus node maintains a logic value of 0 after the third transmission transistor is turned on, and the voltage value of the first node is changed to a logic value of 0 after the second transmission transistor is turned on. 13. The semiconductor memory device of claim 12, wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is initialized to a logic value of 1,
wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is maintained as initially a logic value of 1, based on the voltage of the first node, which is changed to a logic value of 0. 14. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein, when the bit data stored in the cache latch is a logic value of 0, the voltage value of the bus node is increased by a value corresponding to the difference between the power voltage and a threshold voltage value of the third transmission transistor, after the third transmission transistor is turned on,
wherein the voltage value of the first node maintains the power voltage after the second transmission transistor is turned on. 15. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is initialized to a logic value of 1,
wherein the bit data stored in the main latch is changed from initially a logic value of 1 to a logic value of 0, based on the voltage value of the first node, which is maintained as the power voltage. 16. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a page buffer including a main latch; and a cache latch connected to the page buffer through a bus node, wherein, when bit data transmission operation between the main latch and the cache latch is performed, the page buffer discharges the bus node to a voltage denoting a logic value of 0 and then starts the bit data transmission operation. 17. The semiconductor memory device of claim 16, wherein the page buffer includes:
a main latch; a latch transistor having a gate terminal connected to the main latch; a first transmission transistor connected between the latch transistor and a first node; a second transmission transistor connected between the first transmission transistor and the bus node; and a bus node discharge transistor connected between the bus node and a ground. 18. The semiconductor memory device of claim 17, further comprising a third transmission transistor connected between the bus node and the cache latch. 19. The semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the page buffer further includes:
first and second precharge transistors connected between the first node and a power voltage; and a third precharge transistor connected between the power voltage and a second node between the first and second precharge transistors. 20. The semiconductor memory device of claim 18, wherein the page buffer further includes:
a first precharge transistor connected between the first node and a power voltage. | 3,700 |
341,839 | 16,802,194 | 3,735 | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a sub ECC unit suitable for generating a third sub DBI flag by correcting an error of a second sub DBI flag, based on a second sub parity provided through a channel; a sub DBI unit suitable for generating a third DBI flag and a third flag by determining whether a second DBI flag and a second parity are inverted, based on the third sub DBI flag; an ECC unit suitable for generating third data and a fourth DBI flag by correcting errors of second data and the third DBI flag, based on the third parity; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether the third data is inverted, based on the fourth DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory system receives the second sub DBI flag through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory system receives the second sub parity through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the DBI unit and the sub DBI unit are operated by one of a DBI DC scheme and a DBI AC scheme. 5. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating a third sub DBI flag by correcting an error of a second sub DBI flag, based on a second sub parity provided through a channel; generating a third DBI flag and a third flag by determining whether a second DBI flag and a second parity are inverted, based on the third sub DBI flag; generating third data and a fourth DBI flag by correcting errors of second data and the third DBI flag, based on the third parity; generating fourth data by determining whether the third data is inverted, based on the fourth DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving the second sub DBI flag through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving the second sub parity through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the generating of the third DBI flag and the third parity and the generating of the fourth data are performed by one of a DBI DC scheme and a DBI AC scheme. | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data.1. A memory system comprising:
a sub ECC unit suitable for generating a third sub DBI flag by correcting an error of a second sub DBI flag, based on a second sub parity provided through a channel; a sub DBI unit suitable for generating a third DBI flag and a third flag by determining whether a second DBI flag and a second parity are inverted, based on the third sub DBI flag; an ECC unit suitable for generating third data and a fourth DBI flag by correcting errors of second data and the third DBI flag, based on the third parity; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether the third data is inverted, based on the fourth DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory system receives the second sub DBI flag through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory system receives the second sub parity through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the DBI unit and the sub DBI unit are operated by one of a DBI DC scheme and a DBI AC scheme. 5. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating a third sub DBI flag by correcting an error of a second sub DBI flag, based on a second sub parity provided through a channel; generating a third DBI flag and a third flag by determining whether a second DBI flag and a second parity are inverted, based on the third sub DBI flag; generating third data and a fourth DBI flag by correcting errors of second data and the third DBI flag, based on the third parity; generating fourth data by determining whether the third data is inverted, based on the fourth DBI flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving the second sub DBI flag through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving the second sub parity through the same channel as a channel through which the second parity is transmitted. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the generating of the third DBI flag and the third parity and the generating of the fourth data are performed by one of a DBI DC scheme and a DBI AC scheme. | 3,700 |
341,840 | 16,802,180 | 3,735 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a main portion and an alumite layer. The main portion includes aluminum. The alumite layer is provided at a front surface of the main portion. The particle-resistant layer is provided on the alumite layer and includes a polycrystalline ceramic. An Al purity of the main portion is 99.00% or more. | 1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a main portion which includes aluminum and an alumite layer provided at a front surface of the main portion; and a particle-resistant layer provided on the alumite layer and which includes a polycrystalline ceramic, wherein an Al purity of the main portion is 99.00% or more. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of Si element included in the main portion is less than 1.0%. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of Mg element included in the main portion is 0.05% or less. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 4, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes an oxide of a rare-earth element and the rare-earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic is at least 3 nm and 50 nm or less. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 6, wherein the average crystallite size is at least 3 nm and 30 nm or less. 8. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer has an arithmetic average height Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test is performed in which the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member is exposed to a plasma. 9. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. 10. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member includes a base and a particle-resistant layer. The base includes a main portion and an alumite layer. The main portion includes aluminum. The alumite layer is provided at a front surface of the main portion. The particle-resistant layer is provided on the alumite layer and includes a polycrystalline ceramic. An Al purity of the main portion is 99.00% or more.1. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member, comprising:
a base including a main portion which includes aluminum and an alumite layer provided at a front surface of the main portion; and a particle-resistant layer provided on the alumite layer and which includes a polycrystalline ceramic, wherein an Al purity of the main portion is 99.00% or more. 2. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of Si element included in the main portion is less than 1.0%. 3. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of Mg element included in the main portion is 0.05% or less. 4. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a rare-earth element, a fluoride of a rare-earth element, and an acid fluoride of a rare-earth element. 5. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 4, wherein the particle-resistant layer includes an oxide of a rare-earth element and the rare-earth element is at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu, La, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. 6. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein an average crystallite size of the polycrystalline ceramic is at least 3 nm and 50 nm or less. 7. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 6, wherein the average crystallite size is at least 3 nm and 30 nm or less. 8. The semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1, wherein the particle-resistant layer has an arithmetic average height Sa of 0.060 or less after a reference plasma resistance test is performed in which the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member is exposed to a plasma. 9. A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. 10. A display manufacturing apparatus, comprising the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus member according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
341,841 | 16,802,157 | 3,735 | The specification discloses a system and a method for realizing identity identification based on a radio frequency identification technology. The system comprises: a radio frequency detector on the ground and configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a controller; a camera configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the controller; and the controller, configured to: determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag, determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match. | 1. A system for realizing identify identification based on radio frequency identification, comprising:
a radio frequency detector configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a controller; a camera configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the controller; and the controller, configured to:
determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag,
determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and
control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to send a payment request to a server. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency detector is attached to a floor mat on the ground. 5. A system for realizing identity identification based on radio frequency identification, comprising:
a radio frequency detection module configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a control module; an image collecting module configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the control module; the control module configured to:
determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag,
determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and
send an execution signal to an execution module when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match; and
the execution module configured to control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through upon reception of the execution signal from the control module. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the control module is further configured to send a payment request corresponding to the predetermined operation to a server. 7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the execution module is further configured to obtain a bill of the user. 8. The system according to claim 5, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. 9. The system according to claim 5, wherein the radio frequency detection module is attached to a floor mat on the ground. 10. A method for realizing identity identification based on a radio frequency identification technology, comprising:
detecting radio frequency tags; determining, when a radio frequency tag is detected, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag according to information carried in the radio frequency tag; obtaining a face image of the user; determining a second identification of the user based on the obtained face image of the user; and executing a predetermined operation to control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through if the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
sending a payment request corresponding to the predetermined operation to a server. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the executing a predetermined operation further comprises:
obtaining a bill of the user. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. | The specification discloses a system and a method for realizing identity identification based on a radio frequency identification technology. The system comprises: a radio frequency detector on the ground and configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a controller; a camera configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the controller; and the controller, configured to: determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag, determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match.1. A system for realizing identify identification based on radio frequency identification, comprising:
a radio frequency detector configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a controller; a camera configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the controller; and the controller, configured to:
determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag,
determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and
control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to send a payment request to a server. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency detector is attached to a floor mat on the ground. 5. A system for realizing identity identification based on radio frequency identification, comprising:
a radio frequency detection module configured to detect radio frequency tags and send, when a radio frequency tag is detected, information carried in the radio frequency tag to a control module; an image collecting module configured to collect a face image and send the collected face image to the control module; the control module configured to:
determine, according to the information, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag,
determine, according to the face image, a second identification of the user, and
send an execution signal to an execution module when the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match; and
the execution module configured to control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through upon reception of the execution signal from the control module. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the control module is further configured to send a payment request corresponding to the predetermined operation to a server. 7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the execution module is further configured to obtain a bill of the user. 8. The system according to claim 5, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. 9. The system according to claim 5, wherein the radio frequency detection module is attached to a floor mat on the ground. 10. A method for realizing identity identification based on a radio frequency identification technology, comprising:
detecting radio frequency tags; determining, when a radio frequency tag is detected, a first identification of a user corresponding to the radio frequency tag according to information carried in the radio frequency tag; obtaining a face image of the user; determining a second identification of the user based on the obtained face image of the user; and executing a predetermined operation to control a turnstile to allow the user to pass through if the first identification of the user and the second identification of the user match. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
sending a payment request corresponding to the predetermined operation to a server. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the executing a predetermined operation further comprises:
obtaining a bill of the user. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the radio frequency tag is attached to a shoe of the user. | 3,700 |
341,842 | 16,802,216 | 3,735 | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for using variable metadata tags. A method occurs at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture. The method comprises: receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency; obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. | 1. A method for using variable metadata tags, the method comprising:
at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tag usage frequency is computed using rule counters and a watch table, wherein each rule counter is incremented when an associated rule is used and wherein the watch table indicates usage counts for a plurality of tags. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tag is one of a plurality of tags generated based on usage frequency of the tag over a period of time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of tags are variable in length and are generated using a compression algorithm, wherein at least some frequently used tags are shorter in length than some less frequently used tags. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the compression algorithm includes Huffman encoding, adaptive Huffman encoding, or n-ary Huffman encoding. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy includes selecting a rule cache based on a maximum tag length from tags lengths of tags associated with the security policy and querying the rule cache to determine whether the instruction violates the security policy. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rule cache is a n-bit rule cache, wherein n is an integer greater than one and less than nine. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the rule cache stores rules that use pointer-sized tags. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the metadata from the memory location includes reading the metadata from off-chip memory. 10. A system for using variable metadata tags, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture implemented using the one or more processors and configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein tag usage frequency is computed using rule counters and a watch table, wherein each rule counter is incremented when an associated rule is used and wherein the watch table indicates usage counts for a plurality of tags. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the tag is one of a plurality of tags generated based on usage frequency of the tag over a period of time. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of tags are variable in length and are generated using a compression algorithm, wherein at least some frequently used tags are shorter in length than some less frequently used tags. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the compression algorithm includes Huffman encoding, adaptive Huffman encoding, or n-ary Huffman encoding. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the metadata processing system is configured for selecting a rule cache based on a maximum tag length from tags lengths of tags associated with the security policy and querying the rule cache to determine whether the instruction violates the security policy. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the rule cache is a n-bit rule cache, wherein n is an integer greater than one and less than nine. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the rule cache stores rules that use pointer-sized tags. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the metadata processing system is configured for reading the metadata from off-chip memory. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable instructions that when executed by at least one processor of a computer control the computer to perform operations comprising:
at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for using variable metadata tags. A method occurs at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture. The method comprises: receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency; obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy.1. A method for using variable metadata tags, the method comprising:
at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tag usage frequency is computed using rule counters and a watch table, wherein each rule counter is incremented when an associated rule is used and wherein the watch table indicates usage counts for a plurality of tags. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tag is one of a plurality of tags generated based on usage frequency of the tag over a period of time. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of tags are variable in length and are generated using a compression algorithm, wherein at least some frequently used tags are shorter in length than some less frequently used tags. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the compression algorithm includes Huffman encoding, adaptive Huffman encoding, or n-ary Huffman encoding. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy includes selecting a rule cache based on a maximum tag length from tags lengths of tags associated with the security policy and querying the rule cache to determine whether the instruction violates the security policy. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rule cache is a n-bit rule cache, wherein n is an integer greater than one and less than nine. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the rule cache stores rules that use pointer-sized tags. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the metadata from the memory location includes reading the metadata from off-chip memory. 10. A system for using variable metadata tags, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture implemented using the one or more processors and configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein tag usage frequency is computed using rule counters and a watch table, wherein each rule counter is incremented when an associated rule is used and wherein the watch table indicates usage counts for a plurality of tags. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the tag is one of a plurality of tags generated based on usage frequency of the tag over a period of time. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of tags are variable in length and are generated using a compression algorithm, wherein at least some frequently used tags are shorter in length than some less frequently used tags. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the compression algorithm includes Huffman encoding, adaptive Huffman encoding, or n-ary Huffman encoding. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the metadata processing system is configured for selecting a rule cache based on a maximum tag length from tags lengths of tags associated with the security policy and querying the rule cache to determine whether the instruction violates the security policy. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the rule cache is a n-bit rule cache, wherein n is an integer greater than one and less than nine. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the rule cache stores rules that use pointer-sized tags. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the metadata processing system is configured for reading the metadata from off-chip memory. 19. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable instructions that when executed by at least one processor of a computer control the computer to perform operations comprising:
at a metadata processing system for enforcing security policies in a processor architecture:
receiving, at the metadata processing system, a tag associated with a word in memory, wherein the tag indicates a memory location containing metadata associated with the word and wherein the tag length is at least in part determined using tag usage frequency;
obtaining the metadata from the memory location, and
determining, using the metadata, whether the word or a related instruction violates a security policy. | 3,700 |
341,843 | 16,802,191 | 3,735 | An information processing apparatus is configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image from a database, and control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is being performed by an operator, and the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. | 1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the user operation accepting unit is ended. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a changing unit configured to change a position, in the second medical image, of a second two-dimensional image which is a two-dimensional image included in the second medical image, wherein the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that when the one operations is ended, a first two-dimensional image is displayed on the display unit the first two-dimensional image being such an image which is included in the first medical image and which corresponds to a position of a second two-dimensional image whose position has been changed by the changing unit in the period in which the one operation is being performed. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the first two-dimensional image is a slice image of the first medical image, and the second two-dimensional image is a slice image of the second medical image, and the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that when the one operation ends, the first two-dimensional image at a position changed in a direction in the subject in the first medical image corresponding to a direction in the subject in the second medical image in which the change was made. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the display control unit controls displayed on the display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit only for the period in which the one operation is being performed. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the accepting unit is a momentary switch, and the one operation is pressing-down of the momentary switch. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the accepting unit is configured to transmit a signal in response to pressing-down of the momentary switch and end transmitting the signal in response to ending of the pressing-down of the momentary switch, and the period for which the one operation is being performed is defined by a period for which the accepting unit is transmitting the signal. 7. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image, a display control unit configured such that in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, the second medical image is displayed on a display unit and luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time, and in response to the inputting operation, luminance of the first medical image is reduced and the reduced luminance of the first medical image is increased. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit displays controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, and, in response to the inputting operation performed, the second medical image is displayed on the display unit. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, then in response to an occurrence of the inputting operation, displaying of the first medical image is stopped, and the second medical image is displayed on the display unit, and thereafter luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time and luminance of the first medical image is increased within the predetermined period of time thereby displaying the first medical image on the display unit. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, then in response to an occurrence of the inputting operation, the second medical image is displayed on the display unit while maintaining luminance of the first medical image, and thereafter, while maintaining the luminance of the first medical image, luminance of the second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the acquisition unit acquires the first medical image and the second medical image registered with the first medical image, and the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the second medical image at a position corresponding to the first medical image is displayed on the display unit. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit so as to display the second medical image at a position corresponding to the first medical image displayed on the display unit at a point of time when the inputting operation is performed. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first medical image and the second medical image each are a medical image based on an acoustic wave from a subject. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is a projected image obtained via a maximum intensity projection process on a three-dimensional image. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is a superimposed image obtained by superimposing a plurality of medical images based an acoustic wave from a subject. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first medical image is a photoacoustic image that is an image based on a photoacoustic wave obtained by irradiating a subject with light, and the second medical image is an ultrasonic image that is an image based on a reflected wave appearing as a result of a reflection, inside the subject, of an acoustic wave applied to the subject. 17. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, while the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 18. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is displayed on the display unit; a changing unit configured such that in a case where, in a period of time for which the second medical image is being displayed on the display unit, an instruction is issued to change a position, in the second medical image, of a second two-dimensional image which is a two-dimensional image included in the second medical image, the changing unit changes a position of a first two-dimensional image included in the first medical image to a position corresponding to the changed position of the second medical image. 19. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the user operation accepting unit is ended. 20. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, while the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 21. The information processing system according to claim 20, further comprising
accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by the operator. 22. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and the information processing apparatus being configured such that in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, the second medical image is displayed on a display unit and luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time, and in response to the inputting operation, luminance of the first medical image is reduced and the reduced luminance of the first medical image is increased. 23. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; and controlling displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the accepting unit is ended. 24. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; and display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, and displaying the first medical image on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 25. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; controlling displaying on a display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on a display unit; receiving a signal which indicates an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period of time for which one inputting operation is being performed by an operator; controlling displaying on the display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is being received; and controlling displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display when the receiving of the signal is ended. 26. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; displaying a first two-dimensional image included in the first medical image on a display unit; replacing the first two-dimensional image displayed on the display unit with a second two-dimensional image included in the second medical image; accepting a change in a position, in the second medical image, of the second two-dimensional image; displaying the second two-dimensional image at the changed position on the display unit; changing the position of the first two-dimensional image to a position corresponding to the changed position in the second medical image; and replacing the second two-dimensional image displayed on the display unit with the first two-dimensional image at the changed position. 27. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; controlling displaying on a display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on a display unit; in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, displaying the second medical image on the display unit, and stopping displaying of the first medical image; reducing luminance of the displayed second medical image within a predetermined period of time, and increasing luminance of the first medical image within the predetermined period of time and displaying the first medical image on the display unit; and when the predetermined period of time elapsed, stopping displaying the second medical image and displaying the first medical image on the display unit. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 23. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 24. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 25. 31. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 26. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 27. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 28. | An information processing apparatus is configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image from a database, and control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is being performed by an operator, and the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received.1. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the user operation accepting unit is ended. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a changing unit configured to change a position, in the second medical image, of a second two-dimensional image which is a two-dimensional image included in the second medical image, wherein the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that when the one operations is ended, a first two-dimensional image is displayed on the display unit the first two-dimensional image being such an image which is included in the first medical image and which corresponds to a position of a second two-dimensional image whose position has been changed by the changing unit in the period in which the one operation is being performed. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the first two-dimensional image is a slice image of the first medical image, and the second two-dimensional image is a slice image of the second medical image, and the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that when the one operation ends, the first two-dimensional image at a position changed in a direction in the subject in the first medical image corresponding to a direction in the subject in the second medical image in which the change was made. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the display control unit controls displayed on the display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit only for the period in which the one operation is being performed. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the accepting unit is a momentary switch, and the one operation is pressing-down of the momentary switch. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the accepting unit is configured to transmit a signal in response to pressing-down of the momentary switch and end transmitting the signal in response to ending of the pressing-down of the momentary switch, and the period for which the one operation is being performed is defined by a period for which the accepting unit is transmitting the signal. 7. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image, a display control unit configured such that in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, the second medical image is displayed on a display unit and luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time, and in response to the inputting operation, luminance of the first medical image is reduced and the reduced luminance of the first medical image is increased. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit displays controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, and, in response to the inputting operation performed, the second medical image is displayed on the display unit. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, then in response to an occurrence of the inputting operation, displaying of the first medical image is stopped, and the second medical image is displayed on the display unit, and thereafter luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time and luminance of the first medical image is increased within the predetermined period of time thereby displaying the first medical image on the display unit. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display unit, then in response to an occurrence of the inputting operation, the second medical image is displayed on the display unit while maintaining luminance of the first medical image, and thereafter, while maintaining the luminance of the first medical image, luminance of the second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the acquisition unit acquires the first medical image and the second medical image registered with the first medical image, and the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit such that the second medical image at a position corresponding to the first medical image is displayed on the display unit. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the display control unit controls displaying on the display unit so as to display the second medical image at a position corresponding to the first medical image displayed on the display unit at a point of time when the inputting operation is performed. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first medical image and the second medical image each are a medical image based on an acoustic wave from a subject. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is a projected image obtained via a maximum intensity projection process on a three-dimensional image. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is a superimposed image obtained by superimposing a plurality of medical images based an acoustic wave from a subject. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first medical image is a photoacoustic image that is an image based on a photoacoustic wave obtained by irradiating a subject with light, and the second medical image is an ultrasonic image that is an image based on a reflected wave appearing as a result of a reflection, inside the subject, of an acoustic wave applied to the subject. 17. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, while the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 18. An information processing apparatus comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that at least one of the first medical image and the second medical image is displayed on the display unit; a changing unit configured such that in a case where, in a period of time for which the second medical image is being displayed on the display unit, an instruction is issued to change a position, in the second medical image, of a second two-dimensional image which is a two-dimensional image included in the second medical image, the changing unit changes a position of a first two-dimensional image included in the first medical image to a position corresponding to the changed position of the second medical image. 19. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the user operation accepting unit is ended. 20. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and a display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, while the first medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 21. The information processing system according to claim 20, further comprising
accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by the operator. 22. An information processing system comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first medical image and a second medical image; and the information processing apparatus being configured such that in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, the second medical image is displayed on a display unit and luminance of the displayed second medical image is reduced within a predetermined period of time, and in response to the inputting operation, luminance of the first medical image is reduced and the reduced luminance of the first medical image is increased. 23. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; and controlling displaying on a display unit such the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which one operation is being performed on an accepting unit configured to accept an operation performed by an operator, the first medical image is displayed on the display unit instead of the second medical image when the one operation on the accepting unit is ended. 24. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; and display control unit configured to control displaying on a display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which a signal is being received which is a signal indicating an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period for which one inputting operation is performed by an operator, and displaying the first medical image on the display unit for a period for which the signal is not received. 25. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; controlling displaying on a display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on a display unit; receiving a signal which indicates an instruction to display the second medical image on the display unit and which is transmitted for a period of time for which one inputting operation is being performed by an operator; controlling displaying on the display unit such that the second medical image is displayed on the display unit for a period for which the signal is being received; and controlling displaying on the display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on the display when the receiving of the signal is ended. 26. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; displaying a first two-dimensional image included in the first medical image on a display unit; replacing the first two-dimensional image displayed on the display unit with a second two-dimensional image included in the second medical image; accepting a change in a position, in the second medical image, of the second two-dimensional image; displaying the second two-dimensional image at the changed position on the display unit; changing the position of the first two-dimensional image to a position corresponding to the changed position in the second medical image; and replacing the second two-dimensional image displayed on the display unit with the first two-dimensional image at the changed position. 27. An information processing method comprising steps of:
acquiring a first medical image and a second medical image; controlling displaying on a display unit such that the first medical image is displayed on a display unit; in response to an inputting operation performed by an operator, displaying the second medical image on the display unit, and stopping displaying of the first medical image; reducing luminance of the displayed second medical image within a predetermined period of time, and increasing luminance of the first medical image within the predetermined period of time and displaying the first medical image on the display unit; and when the predetermined period of time elapsed, stopping displaying the second medical image and displaying the first medical image on the display unit. 28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 23. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 24. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 25. 31. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 26. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 27. 33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method according to claim 28. | 3,700 |
341,844 | 16,802,188 | 3,735 | In an exemplary process for accessing a function of an external device through a computer-generated reality interface, one or more external devices are detected. Image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor is obtained. The process determines whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices. In accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device, the process causing a display to concurrently display a representation of the physical environment according to the image data, and an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
detecting one or more external devices;
obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor;
determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing portions of the image data with a plurality of stored images, wherein one or more stored images of the plurality of stored images correspond to the first external device. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
while obtaining the image data, obtaining depth information of the physical environment using a depth sensor of the electronic device; generating a three-dimensional representation of the physical environment using the depth information; and comparing portions of the three-dimensional representation of the physical environment with a plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations, wherein one or more stored three-dimensional device representations of the plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations correspond to the first external device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein an optical identifier is displayed on the first external device while the image data is being captured by the image sensor, and wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on a portion of the image data corresponding to the optical identifier. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in response to detecting the first external device, causing the first external device to display the optical identifier. 9. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the displayed representation of the physical environment includes a representation of the optical identifier based on the portion of the image data, and wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing the representation of the optical identifier with one or more stored images of the optical identifier that correspond to the first external device. 10. The electronic device of claim 7, the one or more programs including instructions for:
upon determining that the optical identifier includes encoded information, processing the portion of the image data to extract the encoded information, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the encoded information. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, the one or more programs including instructions for:
establishing a wireless communication connection with the first external device using the encoded information. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
determining, based on the image data a probability that the image data includes a representation of the first external device; and determining whether the probability exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
determining, based on the image data, a location corresponding to the physical environment, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the determined location. 14. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device: while displaying the representation of the physical environment, determining a user gaze direction based on second image data of a user captured by a second image sensor of the electronic device; and determining, based on the determined gaze direction, a region of interest in the representation of the physical environment, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the determined region of interest. 15. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device, establishing a wireless communication connection between the electronic device and the first external device by exchanging connection information with the first external device. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing the first external device to display authentication information;
obtaining third image data of the physical environment captured by the image sensor, wherein a portion of the third image data corresponds to the authentication information displayed on the first external device; and
extracting the authentication information from the portion of the third image data, wherein the wireless communication connection is established using the extracted authentication information. 17. The electronic device of claim 15, the one or more programs including instructions for:
after establishing the wireless communication connection:
receiving, from the first external device, information specifying an operating status of the first external device; and
causing the display to concurrently display:
the representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
a representation of the operating status of the first external device as specified in the device. 18. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the affordance is displayed in the displayed representation of the physical environment at a position corresponding to the representation of the first external device. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, the one or more programs including instructions for:
detecting one or more external devices; obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor; determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, the one or more programs including instructions for:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing portions of the image data with a plurality of stored images, wherein one or more stored images of the plurality of stored images correspond to the first external device. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
while obtaining the image data, obtaining depth information of the physical environment using a depth sensor of the electronic device; generating a three-dimensional representation of the physical environment using the depth information; and comparing portions of the three-dimensional representation of the physical environment with a plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations, wherein one or more stored three-dimensional device representations of the plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations correspond to the first external device. 25. A method comprising:
at an electronic device having a processor and memory:
detecting one or more external devices;
obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor;
determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 28. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. | In an exemplary process for accessing a function of an external device through a computer-generated reality interface, one or more external devices are detected. Image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor is obtained. The process determines whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices. In accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device, the process causing a display to concurrently display a representation of the physical environment according to the image data, and an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function.1. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
detecting one or more external devices;
obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor;
determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing portions of the image data with a plurality of stored images, wherein one or more stored images of the plurality of stored images correspond to the first external device. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
while obtaining the image data, obtaining depth information of the physical environment using a depth sensor of the electronic device; generating a three-dimensional representation of the physical environment using the depth information; and comparing portions of the three-dimensional representation of the physical environment with a plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations, wherein one or more stored three-dimensional device representations of the plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations correspond to the first external device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein an optical identifier is displayed on the first external device while the image data is being captured by the image sensor, and wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on a portion of the image data corresponding to the optical identifier. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in response to detecting the first external device, causing the first external device to display the optical identifier. 9. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the displayed representation of the physical environment includes a representation of the optical identifier based on the portion of the image data, and wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing the representation of the optical identifier with one or more stored images of the optical identifier that correspond to the first external device. 10. The electronic device of claim 7, the one or more programs including instructions for:
upon determining that the optical identifier includes encoded information, processing the portion of the image data to extract the encoded information, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the encoded information. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, the one or more programs including instructions for:
establishing a wireless communication connection with the first external device using the encoded information. 12. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
determining, based on the image data a probability that the image data includes a representation of the first external device; and determining whether the probability exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
determining, based on the image data, a location corresponding to the physical environment, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the determined location. 14. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device: while displaying the representation of the physical environment, determining a user gaze direction based on second image data of a user captured by a second image sensor of the electronic device; and determining, based on the determined gaze direction, a region of interest in the representation of the physical environment, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the determined region of interest. 15. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device, establishing a wireless communication connection between the electronic device and the first external device by exchanging connection information with the first external device. 16. The electronic device of claim 15, the one or more programs including instructions for:
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing the first external device to display authentication information;
obtaining third image data of the physical environment captured by the image sensor, wherein a portion of the third image data corresponds to the authentication information displayed on the first external device; and
extracting the authentication information from the portion of the third image data, wherein the wireless communication connection is established using the extracted authentication information. 17. The electronic device of claim 15, the one or more programs including instructions for:
after establishing the wireless communication connection:
receiving, from the first external device, information specifying an operating status of the first external device; and
causing the display to concurrently display:
the representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
a representation of the operating status of the first external device as specified in the device. 18. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the affordance is displayed in the displayed representation of the physical environment at a position corresponding to the representation of the first external device. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, the one or more programs including instructions for:
detecting one or more external devices; obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor; determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, the one or more programs including instructions for:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
comparing portions of the image data with a plurality of stored images, wherein one or more stored images of the plurality of stored images correspond to the first external device. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device further comprises:
while obtaining the image data, obtaining depth information of the physical environment using a depth sensor of the electronic device; generating a three-dimensional representation of the physical environment using the depth information; and comparing portions of the three-dimensional representation of the physical environment with a plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations, wherein one or more stored three-dimensional device representations of the plurality of stored three-dimensional device representations correspond to the first external device. 25. A method comprising:
at an electronic device having a processor and memory:
detecting one or more external devices;
obtaining image data of a physical environment captured by an image sensor;
determining whether the image data includes a representation of a first external device of the one or more detected external devices; and
in accordance with determining that the image data includes a representation of the first external device:
causing a display to concurrently display:
a representation of the physical environment according to the image data; and
an affordance corresponding to a function of the first external device, wherein detecting user activation of the displayed affordance causes the first external device to perform an action corresponding to the function. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein detecting the one or more external devices further comprises:
providing an inquiry signal to cause the one or more external devices to transmit identification information; and receiving the identification information of the one or more external devices. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the determination of whether the image data includes a representation of the first external device is based on the received identification information. 28. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
obtaining, from the first external device, information specifying the function; and determining the affordance from a plurality of candidate affordances based on the information specifying the function. | 3,700 |
341,845 | 16,802,220 | 3,735 | An exhaust gas converter body structure includes a main body, an inlet structure, and an outlet structure. The main body is configured to receive an exhaust gas converter between the inlet structure and the outlet structure. The inlet structure and the main body have complementary coupling geometries at a first joint. The outlet structure and the main body have complementary coupling geometries at a second joint. The coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and the main body are at the first joint asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry and/or the coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and the main body are at the second joint asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry. The configuration establishes a given angular position between the inlet structure and the main body and/or between the outlet structure and the main body. | 1. An exhaust gas converter body structure comprising:
a main body; an inlet structure; and an outlet structure, the main body being configured for receiving an exhaust gas converter, to dispose the exhaust gas converter between the inlet structure and the outlet structure, the inlet structure and the main body engaging each other at a first joint and the inlet structure and the main body have complementary first joint coupling geometries at the first joint, and the outlet structure and the main body engaging each other at a second joint and the outlet structure and the main body have complementary second joint coupling geometries at the second joint, wherein: the first joint coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the first joint; or the second joint coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the second joint; or the first joint coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the first joint, and the second joint coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the second joint. 2. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein:
the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the main body or a recess extending away from the main body and/or at least one groove extending away from the main body and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the inlet structure or a recess extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the main body or a recess extending away from the main body and/or at least one groove extending away from the main body and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the outlet structure or a recess extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening. 3. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the main body and the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the main body and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure. 4. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the main body is reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric except for a main body first joint coupling geometry associated with the first joint coupling geometries and a main body second joint coupling geometry associated with the second joint coupling geometries; and/or the inlet structure is rotationally symmetrical apart from an inlet structure first joint coupling geometry associated with the first joint coupling geometries; and/or the outlet structure is rotationally symmetrical apart from an outlet structure second joint coupling geometry associated with the second joint coupling geometries. 5. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 4, wherein:
the main body has, at a distance from the main body first joint coupling geometry, a point-symmetric or axis-symmetric or circular sectional area or oval sectional area; and/or the main body has, at a distance from the main body second joint coupling geometry, a point-symmetric or axis-symmetric or circular sectional area or oval sectional area; and/or the inlet structure has, at a distance from the inlet structure first joint coupling geometry, an asymmetric sectional area; and/or the outlet structure has, at a distance from outlet structure second joint coupling geometry, an asymmetric sectional area. 6. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first exhaust pipe that engages the inlet structure at a third joint, the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe having complementary third joint coupling geometries at the third joint, wherein the third joint coupling geometries of the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry; and/or a second exhaust pipe that engages the outlet structure at a fourth joint, the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe having complementary fourth joint coupling geometries at the fourth joint, wherein the fourth joint coupling geometries of the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe are at either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry. 7. An exhaust gas converter body structure comprising:
a main body; an inlet structure; an outlet structure, the main body being coupled to the inlet structure and being coupled to the outlet structure and the main body being configured for receiving an exhaust gas converter with the exhaust gas converter disposed between the inlet structure and the outlet structure; a first exhaust pipe engaged with the inlet structure at a pipe and inlet joint, the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe having a complementary pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries at the pipe and inlet joint, the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries being either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry; and/or a second exhaust pipe engaged with the outlet structure at a pipe and outlet joint, the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe having a complementary pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries, the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries of the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe being either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry. 8. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 6, wherein:
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the first exhaust pipe or a recess extending away from the first exhaust pipe and/or at least one groove extending away from the first exhaust pipe and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards an inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the inlet structure or a recess extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the second exhaust pipe or a recess extending away from the second exhaust pipe and/or at least one groove extending away from the second exhaust pipe and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the outlet structure or a recess extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening. 9. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 7, wherein
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the a pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the first exhaust pipe and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the second exhaust pipe and a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure. 10. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 7,
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint and the first exhaust pipe is either reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric apart from the inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint and the second exhaust pipe is either reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric apart from the outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint. | An exhaust gas converter body structure includes a main body, an inlet structure, and an outlet structure. The main body is configured to receive an exhaust gas converter between the inlet structure and the outlet structure. The inlet structure and the main body have complementary coupling geometries at a first joint. The outlet structure and the main body have complementary coupling geometries at a second joint. The coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and the main body are at the first joint asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry and/or the coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and the main body are at the second joint asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry. The configuration establishes a given angular position between the inlet structure and the main body and/or between the outlet structure and the main body.1. An exhaust gas converter body structure comprising:
a main body; an inlet structure; and an outlet structure, the main body being configured for receiving an exhaust gas converter, to dispose the exhaust gas converter between the inlet structure and the outlet structure, the inlet structure and the main body engaging each other at a first joint and the inlet structure and the main body have complementary first joint coupling geometries at the first joint, and the outlet structure and the main body engaging each other at a second joint and the outlet structure and the main body have complementary second joint coupling geometries at the second joint, wherein: the first joint coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the first joint; or the second joint coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the second joint; or the first joint coupling geometries of each of the inlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the first joint, and the second joint coupling geometries of each of the outlet structure and of the main body are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one plane of symmetry at the second joint. 2. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein:
the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the main body or a recess extending away from the main body and/or at least one groove extending away from the main body and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the inlet structure or a recess extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the main body or a recess extending away from the main body and/or at least one groove extending away from the main body and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the outlet structure or a recess extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening. 3. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the first joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the main body and the first joint coupling geometries comprise a first joint coupling geometry of the main body at the first joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure; and/or the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the second joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the main body and the second joint coupling geometries comprise a second joint coupling geometry of the main body at the second joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure. 4. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the main body is reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric except for a main body first joint coupling geometry associated with the first joint coupling geometries and a main body second joint coupling geometry associated with the second joint coupling geometries; and/or the inlet structure is rotationally symmetrical apart from an inlet structure first joint coupling geometry associated with the first joint coupling geometries; and/or the outlet structure is rotationally symmetrical apart from an outlet structure second joint coupling geometry associated with the second joint coupling geometries. 5. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 4, wherein:
the main body has, at a distance from the main body first joint coupling geometry, a point-symmetric or axis-symmetric or circular sectional area or oval sectional area; and/or the main body has, at a distance from the main body second joint coupling geometry, a point-symmetric or axis-symmetric or circular sectional area or oval sectional area; and/or the inlet structure has, at a distance from the inlet structure first joint coupling geometry, an asymmetric sectional area; and/or the outlet structure has, at a distance from outlet structure second joint coupling geometry, an asymmetric sectional area. 6. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first exhaust pipe that engages the inlet structure at a third joint, the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe having complementary third joint coupling geometries at the third joint, wherein the third joint coupling geometries of the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe are either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry; and/or a second exhaust pipe that engages the outlet structure at a fourth joint, the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe having complementary fourth joint coupling geometries at the fourth joint, wherein the fourth joint coupling geometries of the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe are at either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry. 7. An exhaust gas converter body structure comprising:
a main body; an inlet structure; an outlet structure, the main body being coupled to the inlet structure and being coupled to the outlet structure and the main body being configured for receiving an exhaust gas converter with the exhaust gas converter disposed between the inlet structure and the outlet structure; a first exhaust pipe engaged with the inlet structure at a pipe and inlet joint, the inlet structure and the first exhaust pipe having a complementary pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries at the pipe and inlet joint, the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries being either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry; and/or a second exhaust pipe engaged with the outlet structure at a pipe and outlet joint, the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe having a complementary pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries, the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries of the outlet structure and the second exhaust pipe being either asymmetric or reflection-symmetric with respect to exactly one axis of symmetry. 8. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 6, wherein:
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the first exhaust pipe or a recess extending away from the first exhaust pipe and/or at least one groove extending away from the first exhaust pipe and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards an inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the inlet structure or a recess extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the second exhaust pipe or a recess extending away from the second exhaust pipe and/or at least one groove extending away from the second exhaust pipe and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one protrusion extending towards the outlet structure or a recess extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure and/or at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure or a recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and/or at least one opening. 9. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 7, wherein
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the a pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the inlet structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one recess extending towards the inside of the exhaust gas converter body structure and a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint comprising at least one groove extending away from the outlet structure; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the inlet structure at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the first exhaust pipe and a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure; and/or the pipe and outlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the outlet structure at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one groove extending away from the second exhaust pipe and a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint, comprising at least one protrusion extending towards an outside of the exhaust gas converter body structure. 10. The exhaust gas converter body structure according to claim 7,
the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint and the first exhaust pipe is either reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric apart from the inlet joint coupling geometry of the first exhaust pipe at the pipe and inlet joint; and/or the pipe and inlet joint coupling geometries comprise a pipe and outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint and the second exhaust pipe is either reflection-symmetric or rotation-symmetric apart from the outlet joint coupling geometry of the second exhaust pipe at the pipe and outlet joint. | 3,700 |
341,846 | 16,802,209 | 3,735 | Systems, methods, and apparatuses including a Physical layer (PHY) block coupled to a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block via a PHY/MAC interface. Each of the PHY and MAC blocks include a plurality of Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers. The PHY/MAC interface includes a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block. The MAC block is configured to multiplex command, address, and data over the low pin count PIPE interface to access the plurality of PHY PIPE registers, and the PHY block is configured to multiplex command, address, and data over the low pin count PIPE interface to access the plurality of MAC PIPE registers. The PHY block may also be selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture to operate in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture to operate in a SERDES mode. | 1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers; a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC PIPE registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a first set of wires to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred via the first set of wires over a plurality of clock cycles; and
a second set of wires dedicated to transfer datapath signals between the PHY block and the MAC block, wherein:
in a first mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block; and in a second mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block comprises an elastic buffer, the elastic buffer to be used in a PIPE mode. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first mode comprises a PIPE mode. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second mode comprises a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) mode. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of PHY PIPE registers comprises an 8-bit register. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an address space, wherein the plurality of PHY PIPE registers and the plurality of MAC PIPE registers are mapped into the address space. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of register commands comprises write commands, read commands and completions. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block is to support Rx/Tx configurable pairs. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the Rx/Tx configurable pairs are configured as {Rx, Tx}, {Rx, Rx}, {Tx, Tx} or {Tx, Rx}. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY/MAC interface is to support DisplayPort. 12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture when operating in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture when operating in a SERDES mode. 13. An apparatus comprising:
a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface a Physical layer (PHY) block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block;
wherein:
the low pin count PIPE interface is configured to transfer register commands between the PHY and MAC blocks over the small set of wires in a time-multiplexed manner; and
in a first mode, the MAC block is to receive data and a PCLK from the PHY block; and
in a second mode, the MAC block is to receive data and a recovered clock from the PHY block. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first mode comprises a PIPE mode. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second mode comprises a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) mode. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of MAC PIPE registers comprises an 8-bit register. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an address space, wherein the plurality of MAC PIPE registers are mapped into the address space. 18. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers to interface with a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC PIPE registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred over a plurality of clock cycles;
wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture to operate in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture to operate in a SERDES mode. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein in the PIPE mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein in the SERDES mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 21. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY registers; a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a first set of wires to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred via the first set of wires over a plurality of clock cycles; and
a second set of wires dedicated to transfer datapath signals between the PHY block and the MAC block, wherein:
in a first mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block; and in a second mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a first architecture when operating in the first mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture when operating in the second mode. | Systems, methods, and apparatuses including a Physical layer (PHY) block coupled to a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block via a PHY/MAC interface. Each of the PHY and MAC blocks include a plurality of Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers. The PHY/MAC interface includes a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block. The MAC block is configured to multiplex command, address, and data over the low pin count PIPE interface to access the plurality of PHY PIPE registers, and the PHY block is configured to multiplex command, address, and data over the low pin count PIPE interface to access the plurality of MAC PIPE registers. The PHY block may also be selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture to operate in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture to operate in a SERDES mode.1. (canceled) 2. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers; a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC PIPE registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a first set of wires to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred via the first set of wires over a plurality of clock cycles; and
a second set of wires dedicated to transfer datapath signals between the PHY block and the MAC block, wherein:
in a first mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block; and in a second mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block comprises an elastic buffer, the elastic buffer to be used in a PIPE mode. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first mode comprises a PIPE mode. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second mode comprises a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) mode. 6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of PHY PIPE registers comprises an 8-bit register. 7. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an address space, wherein the plurality of PHY PIPE registers and the plurality of MAC PIPE registers are mapped into the address space. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of register commands comprises write commands, read commands and completions. 9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block is to support Rx/Tx configurable pairs. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the Rx/Tx configurable pairs are configured as {Rx, Tx}, {Rx, Rx}, {Tx, Tx} or {Tx, Rx}. 11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY/MAC interface is to support DisplayPort. 12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture when operating in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture when operating in a SERDES mode. 13. An apparatus comprising:
a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface a Physical layer (PHY) block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block;
wherein:
the low pin count PIPE interface is configured to transfer register commands between the PHY and MAC blocks over the small set of wires in a time-multiplexed manner; and
in a first mode, the MAC block is to receive data and a PCLK from the PHY block; and
in a second mode, the MAC block is to receive data and a recovered clock from the PHY block. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first mode comprises a PIPE mode. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second mode comprises a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) mode. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of MAC PIPE registers comprises an 8-bit register. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an address space, wherein the plurality of MAC PIPE registers are mapped into the address space. 18. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY Physical Interface for PCI Express (PIPE) registers to interface with a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC PIPE registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a low pin count PIPE interface comprising a small set of wires coupled between the PHY block and the MAC block to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred over a plurality of clock cycles;
wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a PIPE architecture to operate in a PIPE mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture to operate in a SERDES mode. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein in the PIPE mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein in the SERDES mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 21. An apparatus comprising:
a Physical layer (PHY) block comprising a plurality of PHY registers; a Media Access Control layer (MAC) block comprising a plurality of MAC registers; and a PHY/MAC interface to interface the PHY block and the MAC block, the PHY/MAC interface comprising:
a first set of wires to transfer a plurality of register commands between the PHY block and the MAC block, at least some of the plurality of register commands comprising command, address and data to be transferred via the first set of wires over a plurality of clock cycles; and
a second set of wires dedicated to transfer datapath signals between the PHY block and the MAC block, wherein:
in a first mode, the PHY block is to send data and a PCLK to the MAC block; and in a second mode, the PHY block is to send data and a recovered clock to the MAC block. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the PHY block is selectively configurable to implement a first architecture when operating in the first mode and a serialization and deserialization (SERDES) architecture when operating in the second mode. | 3,700 |
341,847 | 16,802,213 | 3,735 | Embodiments of systems and approaches for managing post-harvest crop quality and pests are described. Such a system may include a plurality of edge devices each comprising sensor components and collectively forming a mesh network, for measuring the local physical environment within stored crops and, for example, transmitting the measurements to a service from within the crop storage area. In certain embodiments, such a system may be used to manage post-harvest crops and storage areas—for example, approaches are described for determining fumigation treatment duration, determining phosphine dosage, determining heat treatment duration, and determining safe storage time for crops. | 1. A method for managing post-harvest stored crop quality and marketability, comprising:
between a group of edge devices deployed within a crop storage area, establishing a wireless ad hoc network and transmitting from a gateway device of the wireless ad hoc network measurement data concerning measurements of local physical environment parameters within the crop storage network made by sensors of the edge devices, wherein said gateway device collects the measurement data from the edge devices and transmits said measurement data using a fog agent executing on the gateway device; at a server, receiving the measurement transmitted by the fog agent of the gateway device, processing the received measurement data using a rules engine configured to assess the measurement data according to one or more user-defined rule sets for automated execution of predetermined actions according to said rule sets, and determining by the server a portion safe storage time for each portion of a plurality of portions of a stored crop at said crop storage area, the respective portions co-localized with respective ones of said edge devices of the plurality of edge devices, said portion safe storage times determined according to the measurement data and a model or a lookup table for dry matter loss, mold appearance, or germination capacity; determining by the server a total safe storage time for the stored crop based on the respective portion safe storage times for the plurality of portions of the stored crop; presenting the total safe storage time as a process analytics item of a post-harvest crop management user interface of a client application executing on a client workstation communicably coupled to said server; and responsive to a determination that the total safe storage time is below a pre-determined threshold, said server automatically initiating or modifying a remedial action to affect environmental conditions of the crop storage area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local physical environment parameters include one or more of: temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the model is a linear model or an exponential model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time for each portion of the plurality of portions is further based on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mathematical model and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes temperature, relative humidity and/or moisture content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the values of one or more input parameters of the model are adjusted based on the measurement data to improve the agreement between the model predictions of local physical environment conditions and the measured local physical environment conditions, wherein such adjustments result in an optimized model and a more accurate total safe storage time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on external weather conditions at a geographic site for the storage area as coupled to the temperature, moisture, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the storage area. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on an insect population reported by the group of edge devices. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the total safe storage time is determined as the earliest portion safe storage time or a weighted average of the portion safe storage times. 9. A system for managing post-harvest stored crop quality and marketability, the system comprising:
a server operatively coupled to a group of edge devices deployed within a crop storage area, wherein the group of edge devices establish a wireless ad hoc network, and the edge devices comprise sensors for obtaining measurement data concerning measurements of local physical environment parameters within the crop storage area, the server operatively coupled to a gateway device of the wireless ad hoc network, wherein the gateway device is configured to collect the measurement data from the group of edge devices and to transmit the measurement data to the server using a fog agent executing on the gateway device; wherein the server is configured to:
receive the measurement data transmitted by the fog agent of the gateway device, wherein the received measurement data is processed by the server using a rules engine configured to assess the measurement data according to one or more user-defined rule sets for automated execution of predetermined actions according to said rule sets;
determine a portion safe storage time for each portion of a plurality of portions of a stored crop at said crop storage area, the respective portions co-localized with respective ones of said edge devices of the plurality of edge devices, said portion safe storage times determined according to the measurement data and model or a lookup table for dry matter loss, mold appearance, or germination capacity;
determine a total safe storage time for the stored crop based on the respective portion safe storage times for the plurality of portions of the stored crop;
provide the total safe storage time for presentation as a process analytics item of a post-harvest crop management user interface of a client application executing on a client workstation communicably coupled to said server; and
responsive to a determination that the total safe storage time is below a predetermined threshold, automatically initiate or modify a remedial action to affect environmental conditions of the crop storage area. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the local physical environment parameters include one or more of: temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the model is a linear model or an exponential model. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time for each portion of the plurality of portions is further based on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mathematical model and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes temperature, relative humidity and/or moisture content. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the values of one or more input parameters of the model are adjusted based on the measurement data to improve the agreement between the model predictions of local physical environment conditions and the measured local physical environment conditions, wherein such adjustments result in an optimized model and a more accurate total safe storage time. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on external weather conditions at a geographic site for the storage area as coupled to the temperature, moisture, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the storage area. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on an insect population reported by the group of edge devices. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the total safe storage time is determined as the earliest portion safe storage time or a weighted average of the portion safe storage times. | Embodiments of systems and approaches for managing post-harvest crop quality and pests are described. Such a system may include a plurality of edge devices each comprising sensor components and collectively forming a mesh network, for measuring the local physical environment within stored crops and, for example, transmitting the measurements to a service from within the crop storage area. In certain embodiments, such a system may be used to manage post-harvest crops and storage areas—for example, approaches are described for determining fumigation treatment duration, determining phosphine dosage, determining heat treatment duration, and determining safe storage time for crops.1. A method for managing post-harvest stored crop quality and marketability, comprising:
between a group of edge devices deployed within a crop storage area, establishing a wireless ad hoc network and transmitting from a gateway device of the wireless ad hoc network measurement data concerning measurements of local physical environment parameters within the crop storage network made by sensors of the edge devices, wherein said gateway device collects the measurement data from the edge devices and transmits said measurement data using a fog agent executing on the gateway device; at a server, receiving the measurement transmitted by the fog agent of the gateway device, processing the received measurement data using a rules engine configured to assess the measurement data according to one or more user-defined rule sets for automated execution of predetermined actions according to said rule sets, and determining by the server a portion safe storage time for each portion of a plurality of portions of a stored crop at said crop storage area, the respective portions co-localized with respective ones of said edge devices of the plurality of edge devices, said portion safe storage times determined according to the measurement data and a model or a lookup table for dry matter loss, mold appearance, or germination capacity; determining by the server a total safe storage time for the stored crop based on the respective portion safe storage times for the plurality of portions of the stored crop; presenting the total safe storage time as a process analytics item of a post-harvest crop management user interface of a client application executing on a client workstation communicably coupled to said server; and responsive to a determination that the total safe storage time is below a pre-determined threshold, said server automatically initiating or modifying a remedial action to affect environmental conditions of the crop storage area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local physical environment parameters include one or more of: temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the model is a linear model or an exponential model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time for each portion of the plurality of portions is further based on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mathematical model and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes temperature, relative humidity and/or moisture content. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the values of one or more input parameters of the model are adjusted based on the measurement data to improve the agreement between the model predictions of local physical environment conditions and the measured local physical environment conditions, wherein such adjustments result in an optimized model and a more accurate total safe storage time. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on external weather conditions at a geographic site for the storage area as coupled to the temperature, moisture, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the storage area. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on an insect population reported by the group of edge devices. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the total safe storage time is determined as the earliest portion safe storage time or a weighted average of the portion safe storage times. 9. A system for managing post-harvest stored crop quality and marketability, the system comprising:
a server operatively coupled to a group of edge devices deployed within a crop storage area, wherein the group of edge devices establish a wireless ad hoc network, and the edge devices comprise sensors for obtaining measurement data concerning measurements of local physical environment parameters within the crop storage area, the server operatively coupled to a gateway device of the wireless ad hoc network, wherein the gateway device is configured to collect the measurement data from the group of edge devices and to transmit the measurement data to the server using a fog agent executing on the gateway device; wherein the server is configured to:
receive the measurement data transmitted by the fog agent of the gateway device, wherein the received measurement data is processed by the server using a rules engine configured to assess the measurement data according to one or more user-defined rule sets for automated execution of predetermined actions according to said rule sets;
determine a portion safe storage time for each portion of a plurality of portions of a stored crop at said crop storage area, the respective portions co-localized with respective ones of said edge devices of the plurality of edge devices, said portion safe storage times determined according to the measurement data and model or a lookup table for dry matter loss, mold appearance, or germination capacity;
determine a total safe storage time for the stored crop based on the respective portion safe storage times for the plurality of portions of the stored crop;
provide the total safe storage time for presentation as a process analytics item of a post-harvest crop management user interface of a client application executing on a client workstation communicably coupled to said server; and
responsive to a determination that the total safe storage time is below a predetermined threshold, automatically initiate or modify a remedial action to affect environmental conditions of the crop storage area. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the local physical environment parameters include one or more of: temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the model is a linear model or an exponential model. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time for each portion of the plurality of portions is further based on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mathematical model and the measurement data, wherein the measurement data includes temperature, relative humidity and/or moisture content. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the values of one or more input parameters of the model are adjusted based on the measurement data to improve the agreement between the model predictions of local physical environment conditions and the measured local physical environment conditions, wherein such adjustments result in an optimized model and a more accurate total safe storage time. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on external weather conditions at a geographic site for the storage area as coupled to the temperature, moisture, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the storage area. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein determining the portion safe storage time is additionally based on an insect population reported by the group of edge devices. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the total safe storage time is determined as the earliest portion safe storage time or a weighted average of the portion safe storage times. | 3,700 |
341,848 | 16,802,230 | 3,735 | A system and method for monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit, such as an FPGA, operating with firmware. A firmware image for the integrated circuit is stored in a storage device. The operational status of the integrated circuit is periodically determined via a controller such as a BMC. A failure of the integrated circuit is determined. The stored firmware image is sent to the integrated circuit. The firmware image is installed on the integrated circuit. The controller determines whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. | 1. A system that provides monitoring and recovery for heterogeneous components, the system comprising:
an integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array; a storage device coupled to the integrated circuit, the storage device storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit; and a controller coupled to the integrated circuit, wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller, and wherein the controller operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to reset the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit sends periodic commands to the controller, and wherein the controller determines failure based on the periodic commands. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-volatile random access memory coupled to the integrated circuit and the controller, wherein the integrated circuit periodically writes state data to the non-volatile random access memory, and wherein the controller determines the failure of the integrated circuit based on the state data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is in communication with one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating system or BIOS is operable to disable a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 10. A method of monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array the method comprising:
storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit in a storage device; periodically determining an operational status of the integrated circuit via a controller wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller; determining a failure of the integrated circuit; sending the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determination of the failure; installing the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and determining whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, furthering comprising resetting the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein failure is determined based on the periodic commands sent by the integrated circuit to the controller. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein periodically determining the operational status of the integrated circuit includes the integrated circuit writing state data to a non-volatile random access memory and the controller reading the written state data. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 17. The method of claim 10, where the controller is directed by one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising disabling a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 19. A computing system comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit operating firmware; a storage device storing a firmware image of the FPGA integrated circuit coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit; a baseboard management controller coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit, the baseboard management controller (BMC) operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the FPGA integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the FPGA integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the FPGA integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the FPGA integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the FPGA integrated circuit. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the FPGA integrated circuit is operable to:
periodically determine the operational status of the BMC; determine a failure of the BMC from the determined operational status; send a stored BMC firmware image from the storage device to the BMC; install the BMC firmware image on the BMC; and determine whether the installation of the BMC firmware image results in restoration of the BMC. | A system and method for monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit, such as an FPGA, operating with firmware. A firmware image for the integrated circuit is stored in a storage device. The operational status of the integrated circuit is periodically determined via a controller such as a BMC. A failure of the integrated circuit is determined. The stored firmware image is sent to the integrated circuit. The firmware image is installed on the integrated circuit. The controller determines whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit.1. A system that provides monitoring and recovery for heterogeneous components, the system comprising:
an integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array; a storage device coupled to the integrated circuit, the storage device storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit; and a controller coupled to the integrated circuit, wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller, and wherein the controller operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to reset the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit sends periodic commands to the controller, and wherein the controller determines failure based on the periodic commands. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-volatile random access memory coupled to the integrated circuit and the controller, wherein the integrated circuit periodically writes state data to the non-volatile random access memory, and wherein the controller determines the failure of the integrated circuit based on the state data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is in communication with one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating system or BIOS is operable to disable a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 10. A method of monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array the method comprising:
storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit in a storage device; periodically determining an operational status of the integrated circuit via a controller wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller; determining a failure of the integrated circuit; sending the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determination of the failure; installing the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and determining whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, furthering comprising resetting the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein failure is determined based on the periodic commands sent by the integrated circuit to the controller. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein periodically determining the operational status of the integrated circuit includes the integrated circuit writing state data to a non-volatile random access memory and the controller reading the written state data. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 17. The method of claim 10, where the controller is directed by one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising disabling a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 19. A computing system comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit operating firmware; a storage device storing a firmware image of the FPGA integrated circuit coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit; a baseboard management controller coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit, the baseboard management controller (BMC) operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the FPGA integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the FPGA integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the FPGA integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the FPGA integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the FPGA integrated circuit. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the FPGA integrated circuit is operable to:
periodically determine the operational status of the BMC; determine a failure of the BMC from the determined operational status; send a stored BMC firmware image from the storage device to the BMC; install the BMC firmware image on the BMC; and determine whether the installation of the BMC firmware image results in restoration of the BMC. | 3,700 |
341,849 | 16,802,197 | 3,735 | A system and method for monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit, such as an FPGA, operating with firmware. A firmware image for the integrated circuit is stored in a storage device. The operational status of the integrated circuit is periodically determined via a controller such as a BMC. A failure of the integrated circuit is determined. The stored firmware image is sent to the integrated circuit. The firmware image is installed on the integrated circuit. The controller determines whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. | 1. A system that provides monitoring and recovery for heterogeneous components, the system comprising:
an integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array; a storage device coupled to the integrated circuit, the storage device storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit; and a controller coupled to the integrated circuit, wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller, and wherein the controller operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to reset the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit sends periodic commands to the controller, and wherein the controller determines failure based on the periodic commands. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-volatile random access memory coupled to the integrated circuit and the controller, wherein the integrated circuit periodically writes state data to the non-volatile random access memory, and wherein the controller determines the failure of the integrated circuit based on the state data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is in communication with one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating system or BIOS is operable to disable a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 10. A method of monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array the method comprising:
storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit in a storage device; periodically determining an operational status of the integrated circuit via a controller wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller; determining a failure of the integrated circuit; sending the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determination of the failure; installing the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and determining whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, furthering comprising resetting the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein failure is determined based on the periodic commands sent by the integrated circuit to the controller. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein periodically determining the operational status of the integrated circuit includes the integrated circuit writing state data to a non-volatile random access memory and the controller reading the written state data. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 17. The method of claim 10, where the controller is directed by one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising disabling a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 19. A computing system comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit operating firmware; a storage device storing a firmware image of the FPGA integrated circuit coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit; a baseboard management controller coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit, the baseboard management controller (BMC) operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the FPGA integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the FPGA integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the FPGA integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the FPGA integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the FPGA integrated circuit. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the FPGA integrated circuit is operable to:
periodically determine the operational status of the BMC; determine a failure of the BMC from the determined operational status; send a stored BMC firmware image from the storage device to the BMC; install the BMC firmware image on the BMC; and determine whether the installation of the BMC firmware image results in restoration of the BMC. | A system and method for monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit, such as an FPGA, operating with firmware. A firmware image for the integrated circuit is stored in a storage device. The operational status of the integrated circuit is periodically determined via a controller such as a BMC. A failure of the integrated circuit is determined. The stored firmware image is sent to the integrated circuit. The firmware image is installed on the integrated circuit. The controller determines whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit.1. A system that provides monitoring and recovery for heterogeneous components, the system comprising:
an integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array; a storage device coupled to the integrated circuit, the storage device storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit; and a controller coupled to the integrated circuit, wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller, and wherein the controller operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is operable to reset the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the integrated circuit sends periodic commands to the controller, and wherein the controller determines failure based on the periodic commands. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a non-volatile random access memory coupled to the integrated circuit and the controller, wherein the integrated circuit periodically writes state data to the non-volatile random access memory, and wherein the controller determines the failure of the integrated circuit based on the state data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is in communication with one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating system or BIOS is operable to disable a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 10. A method of monitoring and recovering a heterogeneous integrated circuit operating with firmware, wherein the integrated circuit is one of a baseboard management controller or a field programmable gate array the method comprising:
storing a firmware image for the integrated circuit in a storage device; periodically determining an operational status of the integrated circuit via a controller wherein the controller is a baseboard management controller when the integrated circuit is the field programmable gate array, or the controller is a field programmable gate array when the integrated circuit is the baseboard management controller; determining a failure of the integrated circuit; sending the stored firmware image to the integrated circuit in response to the determination of the failure; installing the firmware image on the integrated circuit; and determining whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the integrated circuit. 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, furthering comprising resetting the integrated circuit in response to determining the failure. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein failure is determined based on the periodic commands sent by the integrated circuit to the controller. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein periodically determining the operational status of the integrated circuit includes the integrated circuit writing state data to a non-volatile random access memory and the controller reading the written state data. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage device is a flash memory. 17. The method of claim 10, where the controller is directed by one of an operating system or a basic input output system (BIOS). 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising disabling a hardware port connected to the integrated circuit if the installation of the firmware image does not result in restoration of the integrated circuit. 19. A computing system comprising:
a field programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit operating firmware; a storage device storing a firmware image of the FPGA integrated circuit coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit; a baseboard management controller coupled to the FPGA integrated circuit, the baseboard management controller (BMC) operable to:
periodically determine an operational status of the FPGA integrated circuit;
determine a failure of the FPGA integrated circuit from the determined operational status;
send the stored firmware image to the FPGA integrated circuit in response to the determined failure;
install the firmware image on the FPGA integrated circuit; and
determine whether the installation of the firmware image results in restoration of the FPGA integrated circuit. 20. The computing system of claim 19, wherein the FPGA integrated circuit is operable to:
periodically determine the operational status of the BMC; determine a failure of the BMC from the determined operational status; send a stored BMC firmware image from the storage device to the BMC; install the BMC firmware image on the BMC; and determine whether the installation of the BMC firmware image results in restoration of the BMC. | 3,700 |
341,850 | 16,802,218 | 3,735 | Methods, devices, and computer-readable media for providing integrative comfort a structure are described herein. One method includes determining a comfort preference associated with a user of a mobile device, the comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort, storing the comfort preference in a memory, and modifying a respective operation of a plurality of connected devices in a portion of a structure to provide the comfort preference in the portion of the structure responsive to a distance between the mobile device and the portion of the structure being less than a particular threshold. | 1. A method for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the method comprising:
prompting, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receiving, via the computing device, a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference; determining the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including the plurality of aspects of physical comfort, wherein the particular comfort preference is determined based on a selection, made with the single input using the computing device, of one of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences; storing the particular comfort preference in a memory; controlling operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises prompting, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein receiving the single input comprises receiving the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the particular comfort preference based on at least one adjustment made directly to at least one of the plurality of connected devices by the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of connected devices in the structure includes two or more of a thermostat, an air conditioner, a furnace, a humidifier, a fan, a window shade, a window, a lighting device, and a fireplace. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein determining the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure comprises determining an intensity of sunlight, and wherein modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices comprises closing shades in the structure in response to determining the intensity of sunlight. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition inside the structure and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition inside the structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises presenting the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 11. A device for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the device comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
prompt a user to select a particular predefined comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
receive a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference;
determine the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
store the particular predefined comfort preference in the memory responsive to receiving a selection, made with the single input, of the particular predefined comfort preference, wherein the particular predefined comfort preference includes the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
access the particular predefined comfort preference from the memory;
control operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and
modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 12. The device of claim 11,
wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to prompt, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein the instructions to receive the single input comprise instructions to receive the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein each predefined comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions include instructions executable to:
determine an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference; and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
prompt, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a list of comfort preferences, wherein each comfort preference of the list of comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receive, via a single input made using the computing device, a selection of the particular comfort preference from the list of comfort preferences, wherein the particular comfort preference includes one or more particular settings of different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort in the structure; store the particular comfort preference in a memory; control operation of a plurality of connected devices in the structure without user input based on the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort; and cause the plurality of connected devices in the structure to enter a respective operation state to provide the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions include instructions to cause at least one of the connected devices in the structure to enter a different operation state to continue to provide the particular comfort preference responsive to a change in a condition inside or outside the structure. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions to prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference include instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. | Methods, devices, and computer-readable media for providing integrative comfort a structure are described herein. One method includes determining a comfort preference associated with a user of a mobile device, the comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort, storing the comfort preference in a memory, and modifying a respective operation of a plurality of connected devices in a portion of a structure to provide the comfort preference in the portion of the structure responsive to a distance between the mobile device and the portion of the structure being less than a particular threshold.1. A method for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the method comprising:
prompting, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receiving, via the computing device, a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference; determining the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including the plurality of aspects of physical comfort, wherein the particular comfort preference is determined based on a selection, made with the single input using the computing device, of one of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences; storing the particular comfort preference in a memory; controlling operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises prompting, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein receiving the single input comprises receiving the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the particular comfort preference based on at least one adjustment made directly to at least one of the plurality of connected devices by the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of connected devices in the structure includes two or more of a thermostat, an air conditioner, a furnace, a humidifier, a fan, a window shade, a window, a lighting device, and a fireplace. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein determining the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure comprises determining an intensity of sunlight, and wherein modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices comprises closing shades in the structure in response to determining the intensity of sunlight. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition inside the structure and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition inside the structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises presenting the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 11. A device for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the device comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
prompt a user to select a particular predefined comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
receive a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference;
determine the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
store the particular predefined comfort preference in the memory responsive to receiving a selection, made with the single input, of the particular predefined comfort preference, wherein the particular predefined comfort preference includes the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
access the particular predefined comfort preference from the memory;
control operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and
modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 12. The device of claim 11,
wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to prompt, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein the instructions to receive the single input comprise instructions to receive the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein each predefined comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions include instructions executable to:
determine an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference; and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
prompt, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a list of comfort preferences, wherein each comfort preference of the list of comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receive, via a single input made using the computing device, a selection of the particular comfort preference from the list of comfort preferences, wherein the particular comfort preference includes one or more particular settings of different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort in the structure; store the particular comfort preference in a memory; control operation of a plurality of connected devices in the structure without user input based on the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort; and cause the plurality of connected devices in the structure to enter a respective operation state to provide the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions include instructions to cause at least one of the connected devices in the structure to enter a different operation state to continue to provide the particular comfort preference responsive to a change in a condition inside or outside the structure. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions to prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference include instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. | 3,700 |
341,851 | 16,802,217 | 3,735 | Methods, devices, and computer-readable media for providing integrative comfort a structure are described herein. One method includes determining a comfort preference associated with a user of a mobile device, the comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort, storing the comfort preference in a memory, and modifying a respective operation of a plurality of connected devices in a portion of a structure to provide the comfort preference in the portion of the structure responsive to a distance between the mobile device and the portion of the structure being less than a particular threshold. | 1. A method for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the method comprising:
prompting, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receiving, via the computing device, a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference; determining the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including the plurality of aspects of physical comfort, wherein the particular comfort preference is determined based on a selection, made with the single input using the computing device, of one of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences; storing the particular comfort preference in a memory; controlling operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises prompting, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein receiving the single input comprises receiving the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the particular comfort preference based on at least one adjustment made directly to at least one of the plurality of connected devices by the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of connected devices in the structure includes two or more of a thermostat, an air conditioner, a furnace, a humidifier, a fan, a window shade, a window, a lighting device, and a fireplace. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein determining the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure comprises determining an intensity of sunlight, and wherein modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices comprises closing shades in the structure in response to determining the intensity of sunlight. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition inside the structure and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition inside the structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises presenting the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 11. A device for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the device comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
prompt a user to select a particular predefined comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
receive a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference;
determine the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
store the particular predefined comfort preference in the memory responsive to receiving a selection, made with the single input, of the particular predefined comfort preference, wherein the particular predefined comfort preference includes the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
access the particular predefined comfort preference from the memory;
control operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and
modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 12. The device of claim 11,
wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to prompt, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein the instructions to receive the single input comprise instructions to receive the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein each predefined comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions include instructions executable to:
determine an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference; and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
prompt, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a list of comfort preferences, wherein each comfort preference of the list of comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receive, via a single input made using the computing device, a selection of the particular comfort preference from the list of comfort preferences, wherein the particular comfort preference includes one or more particular settings of different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort in the structure; store the particular comfort preference in a memory; control operation of a plurality of connected devices in the structure without user input based on the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort; and cause the plurality of connected devices in the structure to enter a respective operation state to provide the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions include instructions to cause at least one of the connected devices in the structure to enter a different operation state to continue to provide the particular comfort preference responsive to a change in a condition inside or outside the structure. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions to prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference include instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. | Methods, devices, and computer-readable media for providing integrative comfort a structure are described herein. One method includes determining a comfort preference associated with a user of a mobile device, the comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort, storing the comfort preference in a memory, and modifying a respective operation of a plurality of connected devices in a portion of a structure to provide the comfort preference in the portion of the structure responsive to a distance between the mobile device and the portion of the structure being less than a particular threshold.1. A method for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the method comprising:
prompting, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receiving, via the computing device, a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference; determining the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including the plurality of aspects of physical comfort, wherein the particular comfort preference is determined based on a selection, made with the single input using the computing device, of one of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences; storing the particular comfort preference in a memory; controlling operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises prompting, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein receiving the single input comprises receiving the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the particular comfort preference based on at least one adjustment made directly to at least one of the plurality of connected devices by the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of connected devices in the structure includes two or more of a thermostat, an air conditioner, a furnace, a humidifier, a fan, a window shade, a window, a lighting device, and a fireplace. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 8. The method of claim 7,
wherein determining the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure comprises determining an intensity of sunlight, and wherein modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices comprises closing shades in the structure in response to determining the intensity of sunlight. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an uncontrolled condition inside the structure and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition inside the structure. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference comprises presenting the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 11. A device for providing integrative comfort in a structure, the device comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to:
prompt a user to select a particular predefined comfort preference from a plurality of predefined comfort preferences, the plurality of predefined comfort preferences each including different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
receive a single input from the user indicating the particular comfort preference;
determine the particular comfort preference associated with the user based on the single input, the particular comfort preference including a plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
store the particular predefined comfort preference in the memory responsive to receiving a selection, made with the single input, of the particular predefined comfort preference, wherein the particular predefined comfort preference includes the plurality of aspects of physical comfort;
access the particular predefined comfort preference from the memory;
control operation of a plurality of connected devices without user input based on the one or more of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort of the particular comfort preference in a portion of the structure; and
modifying a respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the portion of the structure without user input. 12. The device of claim 11,
wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to prompt, via a phone, a tablet, or a wrist-worn device, the user to select the particular comfort preference, and wherein the instructions to receive the single input comprise instructions to receive the single input via the phone, the tablet, or the wrist-worn device. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein each predefined comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences further includes an airflow level or a lighting level in the structure. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions include instructions executable to:
determine an uncontrolled condition outside of the structure bearing on the particular comfort preference; and modifying the respective operation of the plurality of connected devices in the structure to provide the particular comfort preference based on the uncontrolled condition outside of the structure. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions to prompt the user to select the particular comfort preference comprise instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. 17. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
prompt, via a computing device, a user to select a particular comfort preference from a list of comfort preferences, wherein each comfort preference of the list of comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a plurality of aspects of physical comfort; receive, via a single input made using the computing device, a selection of the particular comfort preference from the list of comfort preferences, wherein the particular comfort preference includes one or more particular settings of different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort in the structure; store the particular comfort preference in a memory; control operation of a plurality of connected devices in the structure without user input based on the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort; and cause the plurality of connected devices in the structure to enter a respective operation state to provide the one or more particular settings of the different predefined settings associated with the plurality of aspects of physical comfort. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions include instructions to cause at least one of the connected devices in the structure to enter a different operation state to continue to provide the particular comfort preference responsive to a change in a condition inside or outside the structure. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein each comfort preference of the plurality of predefined comfort preferences includes one or more other settings of different predefined settings associated with a temperature and a humidity level in the structure. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions to prompting the user to select the particular comfort preference include instructions to present the plurality of predefined comfort preferences including a first predefined comfort preference associated with a coldest temperature setting, a lowest humidity setting, and a highest fan setting. | 3,700 |
341,852 | 16,802,204 | 3,735 | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. | 1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam.1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | 3,700 |
341,853 | 16,802,205 | 2,696 | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. | 1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam.1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | 2,600 |
341,854 | 16,802,238 | 2,696 | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. | 1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | Various implementations include a bag organizer system that includes at least one pocket disposed within a bag cavity and is coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity. The pocket includes at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket. The first and second edges of the pocket side wall at least partially define an opening to a pocket cavity defined by the pocket side wall and a closed end of the pocket cavity, respectively. The pocket is expandable and collapsible, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket, and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam.1. A bag organizer system comprising:
a bag having at least one bag side wall, wherein the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines a bag cavity, and a first edge of the at least one bag side wall at least partially defines an opening to the bag cavity; and at least one pocket disposed within the bag cavity and fixedly coupled to a fixed surface within the bag cavity, the pocket comprising at least one pocket side wall having a first edge and a second edge that is opposite the first edge along a longitudinal axis of the pocket, wherein the at least one pocket side wall at least partially defines a pocket cavity, the first edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines an opening to the pocket cavity, and the second edge of the pocket side wall at least partially defines a closed end of the pocket cavity, wherein: the first edge of the pocket side wall is closer to the bag opening than the second edge of the pocket side wall, the pocket is expandable and collapsible, a length of the pocket as measured in the direction of the pocket longitudinal axis is greater than a greatest width and/or depth of the pocket when expanded, wherein the width and depth are measured in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same plane, and wherein the width and depth of the pocket are less than a width and a depth of the bag, respectively, and the pocket is coupled to the fixed surface by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pocket and the closed end of the pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam. 2. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket is a first pocket and the fixed surface within the bag cavity is a first fixed surface, and the system further comprises a second pocket that is disposed within the bag cavity and coupled to the first fixed surface or another fixed surface within the bag cavity by a single seam extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second pocket and the closed end of the second pocket is not coupled to the fixed surface such that the second pocket is hingedly coupled to the fixed surface via the single seam of the second pocket. 3. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the fixed surface is an inner surface of the bag side wall, a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a side seam of a liner coupled to the bag side wall, a surface of a bag divider wall, or a side seam coupling two bag side walls. 4. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein the pocket side wall further comprises a sheet material and a covering material that extends over at least an inner surface of the sheet material, the inner surface of the sheet material facing the pocket cavity, the sheet material having a stiffness that is greater than a stiffness of the covering material. 5. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is fabric, leather, or vinyl. 6. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, cardboard, polymer, metal, and composites thereof. 7. The bag organizer system of claim 4, wherein the covering material is sewn to the fixed surface of the bag, and the sheet material is encapsulated by the covering material but is not sewn to the fixed surface of the bag. 8. The bag organizer system of claim 7, wherein a portion of the covering material extends past the second edge of the sheet material to form the closed end of the pocket. 9. The bag organizer system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall, the single side wall encircles the pocket cavity, and the single seam is formed with a portion of the covering material that extends past a perimeter of the sheet material in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pocket cavity. 10. The bag organizer system of claim 9, wherein:
the single pocket side wall is rectangular shaped and comprises third and fourth edges that extend between the first and second edges of the pocket side wall and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, and the pocket side wall is folded about an axis that extends through the first and second edges of the pocket side wall such that the third and fourth edges are adjacent each other and are coupled together and to the fixed surface of the bag via the single seam. 11. The bag organizer system of claim 10, 10, wherein the covering material is fabric, and the sheet material is rectangular shaped and comprises a score that extends from a center of a first edge of the sheet material to a center of a second edge of sheet material, wherein a first portion of the sheet material is on one side of the score and a second portion of the sheet material is on the other side of the score, and wherein the first and second portions are spaced further apart from each other to define the pocket cavity in an expanded configuration than in a collapsed configuration. 12. The bag organizer system of claim 11, wherein the score is a first score, and the sheet material comprises additional scores that extend from the first edge of the sheet material to the second edge of the sheet material, the sheet material being bendable about the scores for collapsing and expanding. 13. The bag organizer system of claim 12, wherein the scores comprise second, third, and fourth scores that are spaced apart from each other and a third edge of the sheet material in the first portion, and fifth, sixth, and seventh scores that are spaced apart from each other and a fourth edge of the sheet material in the second portion, wherein the third and fourth edges of the sheet material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other. 14. The bag organizer system of claim, wherein the pocket is a first pocket and the bag organizer system comprises a second pocket, the second pocket being coupled to the first pocket, and the second pocket having a length, a width, and a depth that is less than the length, width, and depth of the first pocket, and wherein the opening of the second pocket is adjacent the opening of the first pocket. 15. The bag organizer system of claim 14, wherein the single seam of the second pocket is coupled to the single seam of the first pocket and the fixed surface of the bag. 16. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein an outer surface of the bag side wall defines a pocket, the bag side wall pocket configured for receiving a smartphone or mobile computing device. 17. The bag organizer system of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one bag side wall comprises a piece of material having a rectangular shape with first, second, third, and fourth edges, the first edge of the bag side wall material corresponds with the first edge of the bag, the second edge of the bag side wall material is opposite and spaced apart from the first edge of the bag material, and the third and fourth edges of the bag side wall material extend between the first and second edges and are opposite and spaced apart from each other, the bag side wall material is folded about an axis that extends between the first and second edges such that the first and second edges define the opening to the bag cavity, and the third and fourth edges are coupled together to form side seams. 18. The bag organizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one pocket side wall comprises a sheet material that extends from the first edge of the pocket side wall to the second edge of the pocket side wall, wherein the sheet material is sufficiently stiff such that the first edge of the pocket side wall does not collapse toward or away from the pocket cavity under the force of gravity. 19. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the sheet material is selected from the group consisting of: foam, felt, interfacing textile, polymer, cardboard, metal, and composites thereof. 20. The bag organizer system of claim 18, wherein the at least one pocket side wall is a single side wall that encircles the pocket cavity. 21.-43. (canceled) | 2,600 |
341,855 | 16,802,203 | 2,696 | A method for controlling the deployment of a software application may include responding to a user committing a programming code implementing the software application by determining whether the programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the programming code to a production system. In response to determining that the programming code passed the plurality of tests, one or more blocks indicating that the programming code has passed the plurality of tests may be inserted into a blockchain. The programming code may be deployed to the production system. The deploying of the programming code may include traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. Related systems and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are also provided. | 1. A system, comprising:
at least one data processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system;
in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and
deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, into the blockchain, a first block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a first test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and inserting, into the blockchain, a second block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a second test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first test comprises a prerequisite for the second test, and wherein the second block is inserted into the blockchain further in response to verifying that the first block corresponding to the first test is present in the blockchain. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks include a commit identifier identifying the first programming code and/or a version of the first programming code. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the traversing of the blockchain includes identifying, based at least on the commit identifier, the one or more blocks that are associated with the first programming code and/or the version of the first programming code. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each block in the blockchain is cryptographically linked to a preceding block by including a hash value corresponding to at least a portion of a content of the preceding block. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tests include one or more compilation tests, unit tests, runtime tests, static code tests, and/or style tests. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tests are performed at a development system associated with the first programming code. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the blockchain further includes one or more blocks corresponding to a second programming code associated with a second user. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first programming code implements a software application, a customization of the software application, and/or an update to the software application. 11. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system; in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
inserting, into the blockchain, a first block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a first test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and inserting, into the blockchain, a second block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a second test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first test comprises a prerequisite for the second test, and wherein the second block is inserted into the blockchain further in response to verifying that the first block corresponding to the first test is present in the blockchain. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of blocks include a commit identifier identifying the first programming code and/or a version of the first programming code. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the traversing of the blockchain includes identifying, based at least on the commit identifier, the one or more blocks that are associated with the first programming code and/or the version of the first programming code. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein each block in the blockchain is cryptographically linked to a preceding block by including a hash value corresponding to at least a portion of a content of the preceding block. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tests include one or more compilation tests, unit tests, runtime tests, static code tests, and/or style tests. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tests are performed at a development system associated with the first programming code. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the blockchain further includes one or more blocks corresponding to a second programming code associated with a second user. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system; in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. | A method for controlling the deployment of a software application may include responding to a user committing a programming code implementing the software application by determining whether the programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the programming code to a production system. In response to determining that the programming code passed the plurality of tests, one or more blocks indicating that the programming code has passed the plurality of tests may be inserted into a blockchain. The programming code may be deployed to the production system. The deploying of the programming code may include traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. Related systems and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are also provided.1. A system, comprising:
at least one data processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system;
in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and
deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, into the blockchain, a first block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a first test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and inserting, into the blockchain, a second block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a second test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first test comprises a prerequisite for the second test, and wherein the second block is inserted into the blockchain further in response to verifying that the first block corresponding to the first test is present in the blockchain. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks include a commit identifier identifying the first programming code and/or a version of the first programming code. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the traversing of the blockchain includes identifying, based at least on the commit identifier, the one or more blocks that are associated with the first programming code and/or the version of the first programming code. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each block in the blockchain is cryptographically linked to a preceding block by including a hash value corresponding to at least a portion of a content of the preceding block. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tests include one or more compilation tests, unit tests, runtime tests, static code tests, and/or style tests. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of tests are performed at a development system associated with the first programming code. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the blockchain further includes one or more blocks corresponding to a second programming code associated with a second user. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first programming code implements a software application, a customization of the software application, and/or an update to the software application. 11. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system; in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
inserting, into the blockchain, a first block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a first test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and inserting, into the blockchain, a second block in response to determining that the first programming code has passed a second test required for deploying the first programming code to the production system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first test comprises a prerequisite for the second test, and wherein the second block is inserted into the blockchain further in response to verifying that the first block corresponding to the first test is present in the blockchain. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of blocks include a commit identifier identifying the first programming code and/or a version of the first programming code. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the traversing of the blockchain includes identifying, based at least on the commit identifier, the one or more blocks that are associated with the first programming code and/or the version of the first programming code. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein each block in the blockchain is cryptographically linked to a preceding block by including a hash value corresponding to at least a portion of a content of the preceding block. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tests include one or more compilation tests, unit tests, runtime tests, static code tests, and/or style tests. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of tests are performed at a development system associated with the first programming code. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the blockchain further includes one or more blocks corresponding to a second programming code associated with a second user. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
in response to a first user committing a first programming code, determining whether the first programming code passed a plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to a production system; in response to determining that the first programming code passed the plurality of tests, inserting, into a blockchain, one or more blocks indicating that the first programming code has passed the plurality of tests required for deploying the first programming code to the production system; and deploying, to the production system, the first programming code, the deploying of the first programming code includes traversing the blockchain to verify a presence of the one or more blocks in the blockchain. | 2,600 |
341,856 | 16,802,208 | 2,696 | Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a multiple range load cell capable of automatically switching measuring range and method for operating the multiple range load cell. | 1. A load cell assembly, comprising:
a load cell body configured to perform measurement in two or more ranges; and a controller connected to the load cell body for data communication, wherein the controller is configured to acquire information of an active range of the load cell body, and send command to the load cell body to switch the active range to another range of the two or more ranges. 2. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises:
a load cell accuracy generator configured to determine a current accuracy according to the information of the active range; and a range switching module configured to determine a new measurement range according to a minimum accuracy requirement and the current accuracy from the load cell accuracy generator. 3. The load cell assembly of claim 2, wherein the load cell accuracy generator is configured to calculate the current accuracy based on a maximum force of the active range, calibration accuracy of the active range, and dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell assembly is attached. 4. The load cell assembly of claim 2, wherein the range switching module comprises:
a minimum accuracy generator configured to determine the minimum accuracy requirement according to a target torque. 5. The load cell assembly of claim 4, wherein the range switching module further comprises:
a comparator configured to compare the minimum accuracy requirement and current accuracy. 6. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the load cell body comprises a plurality of interfaces for communicating with the controller. 7. The load cell assembly of claim 6, wherein the load cell body comprises a first interface for transmitting the information of active range to the controller, and a second interface for receiving range setting information from the controller. 8. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller is integrated with or attached to the load cell body. 9. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller is located at a remote location from the load cell body. 10. A method, comprising:
measuring a torque using a multiple range load cell including a controller connected to a load cell body having multiple ranges, wherein the multiple range load cell is configured to measure the torque in an active range; receiving a change in a target torque; and switching the active range to another range of the multiple ranges of the load cell body upon receving the change in the target torque using the controller. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein switching active range comprises:
transmitting information of active range between the controller and the load cell body. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein switching active range further comprises:
calculating a current accuracy based on the information of active range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein switching active range further comprises:
calculating a minimum accuracy requirement based on a target torque. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein switching active range further comprises:
sending a command from the controller to the load cell body to switch active range when the current accuracy is outside the minimum accuracy requirement. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein calculating a current accuracy comprises multiplying a maximum force of the active range, a calibration accuracy of the active range, and a dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell body is attached. 16. A tubular make up tool, comprising:
a tong assembly; a load cell body attached to the tong assembly and configured to measure torque applied by the tong assembly in a selected range of two or more ranges; and a controller connected to the load cell body for data communication, wherein the controller is configured to acquire information of the selected range of the load cell body, and send command to the load cell body to selected another range of the two more ranges. 17. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein the controller comprises:
a load cell accuracy generator configured to determine a current accuracy according to the information of the selected range; and a range switching module configured to determine a new measurement range according to a minimum accuracy requirement and the current accuracy from the load cell accuracy generator. 18. The tubular make up tool of claim 17, wherein the load cell accuracy generator is configured to calculate the current accuracy based on a maximum force of the active range, a calibration accuracy of the active range, and a dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell assembly is attached. 19. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein the two or more ranges are torque ranges. 20. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein at least two of the two or more ranges at least partially overlap. | Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a multiple range load cell capable of automatically switching measuring range and method for operating the multiple range load cell.1. A load cell assembly, comprising:
a load cell body configured to perform measurement in two or more ranges; and a controller connected to the load cell body for data communication, wherein the controller is configured to acquire information of an active range of the load cell body, and send command to the load cell body to switch the active range to another range of the two or more ranges. 2. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises:
a load cell accuracy generator configured to determine a current accuracy according to the information of the active range; and a range switching module configured to determine a new measurement range according to a minimum accuracy requirement and the current accuracy from the load cell accuracy generator. 3. The load cell assembly of claim 2, wherein the load cell accuracy generator is configured to calculate the current accuracy based on a maximum force of the active range, calibration accuracy of the active range, and dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell assembly is attached. 4. The load cell assembly of claim 2, wherein the range switching module comprises:
a minimum accuracy generator configured to determine the minimum accuracy requirement according to a target torque. 5. The load cell assembly of claim 4, wherein the range switching module further comprises:
a comparator configured to compare the minimum accuracy requirement and current accuracy. 6. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the load cell body comprises a plurality of interfaces for communicating with the controller. 7. The load cell assembly of claim 6, wherein the load cell body comprises a first interface for transmitting the information of active range to the controller, and a second interface for receiving range setting information from the controller. 8. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller is integrated with or attached to the load cell body. 9. The load cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the controller is located at a remote location from the load cell body. 10. A method, comprising:
measuring a torque using a multiple range load cell including a controller connected to a load cell body having multiple ranges, wherein the multiple range load cell is configured to measure the torque in an active range; receiving a change in a target torque; and switching the active range to another range of the multiple ranges of the load cell body upon receving the change in the target torque using the controller. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein switching active range comprises:
transmitting information of active range between the controller and the load cell body. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein switching active range further comprises:
calculating a current accuracy based on the information of active range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein switching active range further comprises:
calculating a minimum accuracy requirement based on a target torque. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein switching active range further comprises:
sending a command from the controller to the load cell body to switch active range when the current accuracy is outside the minimum accuracy requirement. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein calculating a current accuracy comprises multiplying a maximum force of the active range, a calibration accuracy of the active range, and a dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell body is attached. 16. A tubular make up tool, comprising:
a tong assembly; a load cell body attached to the tong assembly and configured to measure torque applied by the tong assembly in a selected range of two or more ranges; and a controller connected to the load cell body for data communication, wherein the controller is configured to acquire information of the selected range of the load cell body, and send command to the load cell body to selected another range of the two more ranges. 17. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein the controller comprises:
a load cell accuracy generator configured to determine a current accuracy according to the information of the selected range; and a range switching module configured to determine a new measurement range according to a minimum accuracy requirement and the current accuracy from the load cell accuracy generator. 18. The tubular make up tool of claim 17, wherein the load cell accuracy generator is configured to calculate the current accuracy based on a maximum force of the active range, a calibration accuracy of the active range, and a dimensional information of a tool on which the load cell assembly is attached. 19. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein the two or more ranges are torque ranges. 20. The tubular make up tool of claim 16, wherein at least two of the two or more ranges at least partially overlap. | 2,600 |
341,857 | 16,802,223 | 2,696 | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data. | 1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, which are respectively error information about second data and a second DBI flag provided through a channel, based on a second parity provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating third data, to which results of both an error correction operation and a DBI operation on the second data are reflected, based on the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of third data bits constituting the third data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the DBI unit comprises:
an inversion calculator suitable for generating a second data final inversion flag, which is final inversion information about the second data, through the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and an inversion unit suitable for generating third data by inverting the second data, based on the second data inversion flag. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the second data error flag includes a plurality of second data error flag groups,
the second DBI flag includes a plurality of second DBI flag bits, the second DBI error flag includes a plurality of second DBI error flag bits, and the inversion calculator generates the second data final inversion flag by performing an XOR operation on a second data error flag bit included in the second data error flag group, a second DBT flag bit corresponding to a second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit, and the second DBI error flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit. 4. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data bits,
the second data final inversion flag includes a plurality of second data final inversion flag bits, the third data includes a plurality of third data bits, and when the second data final inversion flag bit is high logic, the inversion unit generates a third data bit by inverting the logic of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, when the second data final inversion flag bit is low logic, the inversion unit generates a third data bit having the same logic as that of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the ECC unit comprises an error flag generator, and
the error flag generator generates a second data error flag and a second DBT error flag, which are respectively error information about the second data and the second DBI flag, based on the second parity according to an SECDED scheme. 7. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, is which are respectively error information about second data and a second DBI flag provided through a channel, based on a second parity provided through a channel; generating third data, to which results of both an error correction operation and a DBI operation on the second data are reflected, based on the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of third data bits constituting the third data, based on the second data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the generating of the third data comprises:
a first sub process of generating a second data final inversion flag, which is final inversion information about the second data, through the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and a second sub process of generating third data by inverting the second data, based on the second data inversion flag. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second data error flag includes a plurality of second data error flag groups,
the second DBI flag includes a plurality of second DBI flag bits, the second DBI error flag includes a plurality of second DBI error flag bits, and the first sub process comprises generating the second data final inversion flag by performing an XOR operation on a second data error flag bit included in the second data error flag group, a second DBI flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit, and the second DBI error flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data bits,
the second data final inversion flag includes a plurality of second data final inversion flag bits, the third data includes a plurality of third data bits, and when the second data final inversion flag bit is high logic, the second sub process comprises generating a third data bit by inverting the logic of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein, when the second data final inversion flag bit is low logic, the second sub process comprises generating a third data bit having the same logic as that of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the generating of the second data error flag and the second DBI error flag comprises generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, which are respectively error information about the second data and the second DBI flag, based on the second parity according to an SECDED scheme. | A memory system includes: an ECC unit suitable for generating third data by correcting second data and a third DBI flag by correcting a second DBI flag, based on the second data, the second DBI flag, and a second parity, which are provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating fourth data by determining whether a plurality of third data bits respectively corresponding to a plurality of DBI flag bits constituting the third DBI flag are inverted, based on the third data and the third DBI flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of fourth data bits constituting the fourth data, based on the second data.1. A memory system comprising:
an ECC unit suitable for generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, which are respectively error information about second data and a second DBI flag provided through a channel, based on a second parity provided through a channel; a DBI unit suitable for generating third data, to which results of both an error correction operation and a DBI operation on the second data are reflected, based on the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and a DM unit suitable for generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of third data bits constituting the third data, based on the second data. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the DBI unit comprises:
an inversion calculator suitable for generating a second data final inversion flag, which is final inversion information about the second data, through the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and an inversion unit suitable for generating third data by inverting the second data, based on the second data inversion flag. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the second data error flag includes a plurality of second data error flag groups,
the second DBI flag includes a plurality of second DBI flag bits, the second DBI error flag includes a plurality of second DBI error flag bits, and the inversion calculator generates the second data final inversion flag by performing an XOR operation on a second data error flag bit included in the second data error flag group, a second DBT flag bit corresponding to a second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit, and the second DBI error flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit. 4. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data bits,
the second data final inversion flag includes a plurality of second data final inversion flag bits, the third data includes a plurality of third data bits, and when the second data final inversion flag bit is high logic, the inversion unit generates a third data bit by inverting the logic of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, when the second data final inversion flag bit is low logic, the inversion unit generates a third data bit having the same logic as that of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the ECC unit comprises an error flag generator, and
the error flag generator generates a second data error flag and a second DBT error flag, which are respectively error information about the second data and the second DBI flag, based on the second parity according to an SECDED scheme. 7. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, is which are respectively error information about second data and a second DBI flag provided through a channel, based on a second parity provided through a channel; generating third data, to which results of both an error correction operation and a DBI operation on the second data are reflected, based on the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and generating a DM flag indicating whether a write operation is performed on a plurality of third data bits constituting the third data, based on the second data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the generating of the third data comprises:
a first sub process of generating a second data final inversion flag, which is final inversion information about the second data, through the second DBI flag, the second data error flag, and the second DBI error flag; and a second sub process of generating third data by inverting the second data, based on the second data inversion flag. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second data error flag includes a plurality of second data error flag groups,
the second DBI flag includes a plurality of second DBI flag bits, the second DBI error flag includes a plurality of second DBI error flag bits, and the first sub process comprises generating the second data final inversion flag by performing an XOR operation on a second data error flag bit included in the second data error flag group, a second DBI flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit, and the second DBI error flag bit corresponding to the second data error flag group including the second data error flag bit. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second data includes a plurality of second data bits,
the second data final inversion flag includes a plurality of second data final inversion flag bits, the third data includes a plurality of third data bits, and when the second data final inversion flag bit is high logic, the second sub process comprises generating a third data bit by inverting the logic of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein, when the second data final inversion flag bit is low logic, the second sub process comprises generating a third data bit having the same logic as that of the second data bit corresponding to the second data final inversion flag bit. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the generating of the second data error flag and the second DBI error flag comprises generating a second data error flag and a second DBI error flag, which are respectively error information about the second data and the second DBI flag, based on the second parity according to an SECDED scheme. | 2,600 |
341,858 | 16,802,202 | 2,696 | A display device is provided including a much sensor including a touch controller and a display panel overlapped by the touch sensor and configured to display an image. A display panel driver is, electrically connected to the display panel and configured to supply a driving signal to the display panel. The display panel driver is electrically connected to the touch controller and is configured to transmit a noise sensing signal to the touch controller. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a touch sensor including a touch controller; a display panel overlapped b the touch sensor and configured to display an image; and a display panel driver electrically connected to the display panel and configured to supply a driving signal to the display panel, wherein the display panel driver is electrically connected to the touch controller and is configured to transmit a noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 2. The display device of claim 1,
wherein the display panel driver includes a data driver configured to output digital video data; and a noise calculator configured to receive the digital video data, generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 3. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the data driver includes a plurality of line buffers configured to store the digital video data, and an analog processor connected to the plurality of line buffers, and the plurality of line buffers are configured to transmit the digital video data to the analog processor and the noise calculator. 4. The display device of claim 3,
wherein the plurality of line buffers includes a first line buffer for storing third digital video data, a second hue buffer for storing second digital video data, and a third line butler for storing first digital video data, the second line buffer and the third line buffer are configured to transmit the second digital video data and the first digital video data to the noise calculator, respectively, and each of the second digital video data and the first digital video data is digital video data for a first horizontal line. 5. The display device of claim 4,
wherein the noise calculator includes a first adder configured to sum the first digital video data to generate a first data sum value, and a second adder configured to sum the second video data to generate a second data sum value. 6. The display device of claim 5,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a difference calculator configured to receive the first data sum value from the first adder, receive the second data sum value from the second adder, and compare the first data sum value with the second data sum value to calculate a difference value. 7. The display device of claim 6,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a noise sensing signal generator configured to receive the difference value from the difference calculator to generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 8. The display device of claim 3,
wherein the data driver further includes a shift register configured to be electrically connected to one of the plurality of line buffers to transmit a sampling clock; and a data receiver configured to be electrically connected to one of the plurality of line buffers to transmit the digital video data. 9. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the touch sensor includes a touch sensing unit, and the touch sensing unit includes a first touch electrode unit including a base layer a first touch electrode unit including a plurality of first touch electrodes arranged on the base layer in a first direction and electrically connected to each other along the first direction and a second touch electrode unit including a plurality of second touch electrodes arranged on the base layer in a second direction crossing the first direction and electrically connected to each other along the second direction. 10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising:
a touch detector configured to be connected to the first touch electrode unit and configured to receive a sensing signal from the first touch electrode unit to detect a touch position. 11. The display device of claim 10,
wherein the touch detector is configured to receive a noise sensing signal from the noise calculator and offset noise of the noise sensing signal. 12. The display device of claim 11, further comprising:
an amplifying circuit connected to the touch detector and the noise calculator, wherein the amplifying circuit includes an amplifier connected to the noise calculator, and a plurality of variable resistors connected to an output terminal of the amplifier in parallel to each other. 13. The display device of claim 12,
wherein the first touch electrode unit further includes a first connection portion connecting two neighboring first touch electrodes from among the plurality of first touch electrodes, the second touch electrode unit further includes a second connection portion connecting two neighboring second touch electrodes front among the plurality of second touch electrodes and insulated from the first connection portion, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are disposed on different layers. 14. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; a touch sensor disposed on the display panel; and a noise calculator electrically connected to the display panel and the touch sensor, wherein the noise calculator is configured to generate a noise sensing signal according to a difference value between digital video data in a first horizontal period and digital video data in a second horizontal period, and wherein the noise calculator is configured to transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch sensor. 15. The display device of claim 14,
wherein, the noise calculator further includes a first adder configured to sum the digital video data in the first horizontal period to generate a first data sum value, and a second adder configured to sum the digital video data in the second horizontal period to generate a second data sum value. 16. The display device of claim 15,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a difference calculator, and wherein the difference calculator is configured to receive the first data sum value from the first adder, receive the second data sum value from the second adder, and compare the first data sum value with the second data sum value to calculate the difference value. 17. The display device of claim 16,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a noise sensing signal generator configured to receive the difference value from the difference calculator to generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch sensor. 18. A method of eliminating noise, comprising:
generating a noise sensing signal using digital video data to he output to a display panel; transmitting the noise sensing signal to a touch controller; and using the touch controller to eliminate noise based on the noise sensing signal. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the generating the noise sensing signal and transmitting the noise sensing signal to the display panel includes: summing digital video data in a first horizontal period to generate a first data sum value; and summing digital video data in a second horizontal period to generate a second data sum value, wherein the digital video data in the first horizontal period and the digital video data in the second horizontal period are sequentially output to the display panel. 20. The method of claim 19,
wherein the generating the noise sensing signal and transmitting the noise sensing signal to the display panel further includes: comparing the first data sum value with the second data sum value to generate a difference value; and generating the noise sensing signal based on the difference value. | A display device is provided including a much sensor including a touch controller and a display panel overlapped by the touch sensor and configured to display an image. A display panel driver is, electrically connected to the display panel and configured to supply a driving signal to the display panel. The display panel driver is electrically connected to the touch controller and is configured to transmit a noise sensing signal to the touch controller.1. A display device, comprising:
a touch sensor including a touch controller; a display panel overlapped b the touch sensor and configured to display an image; and a display panel driver electrically connected to the display panel and configured to supply a driving signal to the display panel, wherein the display panel driver is electrically connected to the touch controller and is configured to transmit a noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 2. The display device of claim 1,
wherein the display panel driver includes a data driver configured to output digital video data; and a noise calculator configured to receive the digital video data, generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 3. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the data driver includes a plurality of line buffers configured to store the digital video data, and an analog processor connected to the plurality of line buffers, and the plurality of line buffers are configured to transmit the digital video data to the analog processor and the noise calculator. 4. The display device of claim 3,
wherein the plurality of line buffers includes a first line buffer for storing third digital video data, a second hue buffer for storing second digital video data, and a third line butler for storing first digital video data, the second line buffer and the third line buffer are configured to transmit the second digital video data and the first digital video data to the noise calculator, respectively, and each of the second digital video data and the first digital video data is digital video data for a first horizontal line. 5. The display device of claim 4,
wherein the noise calculator includes a first adder configured to sum the first digital video data to generate a first data sum value, and a second adder configured to sum the second video data to generate a second data sum value. 6. The display device of claim 5,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a difference calculator configured to receive the first data sum value from the first adder, receive the second data sum value from the second adder, and compare the first data sum value with the second data sum value to calculate a difference value. 7. The display device of claim 6,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a noise sensing signal generator configured to receive the difference value from the difference calculator to generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch controller. 8. The display device of claim 3,
wherein the data driver further includes a shift register configured to be electrically connected to one of the plurality of line buffers to transmit a sampling clock; and a data receiver configured to be electrically connected to one of the plurality of line buffers to transmit the digital video data. 9. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the touch sensor includes a touch sensing unit, and the touch sensing unit includes a first touch electrode unit including a base layer a first touch electrode unit including a plurality of first touch electrodes arranged on the base layer in a first direction and electrically connected to each other along the first direction and a second touch electrode unit including a plurality of second touch electrodes arranged on the base layer in a second direction crossing the first direction and electrically connected to each other along the second direction. 10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising:
a touch detector configured to be connected to the first touch electrode unit and configured to receive a sensing signal from the first touch electrode unit to detect a touch position. 11. The display device of claim 10,
wherein the touch detector is configured to receive a noise sensing signal from the noise calculator and offset noise of the noise sensing signal. 12. The display device of claim 11, further comprising:
an amplifying circuit connected to the touch detector and the noise calculator, wherein the amplifying circuit includes an amplifier connected to the noise calculator, and a plurality of variable resistors connected to an output terminal of the amplifier in parallel to each other. 13. The display device of claim 12,
wherein the first touch electrode unit further includes a first connection portion connecting two neighboring first touch electrodes from among the plurality of first touch electrodes, the second touch electrode unit further includes a second connection portion connecting two neighboring second touch electrodes front among the plurality of second touch electrodes and insulated from the first connection portion, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are disposed on different layers. 14. A display device, comprising:
a display panel; a touch sensor disposed on the display panel; and a noise calculator electrically connected to the display panel and the touch sensor, wherein the noise calculator is configured to generate a noise sensing signal according to a difference value between digital video data in a first horizontal period and digital video data in a second horizontal period, and wherein the noise calculator is configured to transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch sensor. 15. The display device of claim 14,
wherein, the noise calculator further includes a first adder configured to sum the digital video data in the first horizontal period to generate a first data sum value, and a second adder configured to sum the digital video data in the second horizontal period to generate a second data sum value. 16. The display device of claim 15,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a difference calculator, and wherein the difference calculator is configured to receive the first data sum value from the first adder, receive the second data sum value from the second adder, and compare the first data sum value with the second data sum value to calculate the difference value. 17. The display device of claim 16,
wherein the noise calculator further includes a noise sensing signal generator configured to receive the difference value from the difference calculator to generate the noise sensing signal and transmit the noise sensing signal to the touch sensor. 18. A method of eliminating noise, comprising:
generating a noise sensing signal using digital video data to he output to a display panel; transmitting the noise sensing signal to a touch controller; and using the touch controller to eliminate noise based on the noise sensing signal. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the generating the noise sensing signal and transmitting the noise sensing signal to the display panel includes: summing digital video data in a first horizontal period to generate a first data sum value; and summing digital video data in a second horizontal period to generate a second data sum value, wherein the digital video data in the first horizontal period and the digital video data in the second horizontal period are sequentially output to the display panel. 20. The method of claim 19,
wherein the generating the noise sensing signal and transmitting the noise sensing signal to the display panel further includes: comparing the first data sum value with the second data sum value to generate a difference value; and generating the noise sensing signal based on the difference value. | 2,600 |
341,859 | 16,802,237 | 2,696 | A pusher for use with a mandoline slicer includes a cap having an upper and a lower end, the cap defining an interior space. A lower plate is attached to a pillar, which is attached to a telescoping post. The pillar and telescoping post are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis and trained for movement by a guide within the cap. Stops are provided along the guide to restrict the length of travel of the telescoping post and pillar. A spring is connected to the cap and the lower plate to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. | 1. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade, the pusher having a cap having an upper and a lower end, the cap defining an interior space; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar defining a central axis, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping tube wherein the pillar and telescoping tube are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis; a guide defined within the interior space, the combined pillar and telescoping tube being mounted to the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping tube with respect to the guide along the central axis; and a spring having a first end connected to the cap and a second end connected to the lower plate, the spring urging the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 2. The slicer and pusher of claim 1, wherein the upper end of the cap further comprises a central opening positioned about the central axis, the cap further having an upper abutment providing a stop to limit upward movement of the telescoping tube. 3. The slicer and pusher of claim 2, wherein the guide further comprises a lower abutment providing a stop to limit downward movement of the telescoping tube. 4. The slicer and pusher of claim 3, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping tube beyond the upper end of the cap. 5. The slicer and pusher of claim 2, wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 6. The slicer and pusher of claim 5, wherein the guide defines an interior channel and the telescoping tube and pillar are received within the interior channel. 7. The slicer and pusher of claim 6, wherein the telescoping tube further includes a lower seat configured to limit movement of the pillar. 8. The slicer and pusher of claim 7, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 9. The slicer and pusher of claim 7, wherein the lower plate further includes a retaining wall, the spring being received within the retaining wall. 10. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade; the pusher having a cap with an upper end, a lower end, and a central axis extending from the upper end to the lower end, the lower end terminating in a lower rim, the cap defining an interior space; a guide extending into the interior space from the upper end toward the lower end, the guide having a hollow interior defining a channel, the channel extending to the upper end of the cap to define an upper opening; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping post wherein the pillar and telescoping post are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis, the combined pillar and telescoping post further being mounted within the channel of the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping post with respect to the guide along the central axis; and a spring positioned between the cap and the lower plate, the spring being mounted to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 11. The slicer and pusher of claim 10, wherein the upper end of the cap further comprises an upper abutment positioned to engage the telescoping post to limit upward movement of the telescoping post. 12. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the guide further comprises a lower abutment positioned to engage the telescoping post to limit downward movement of the telescoping post. 13. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping post beyond the upper end of the cap. 14. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the telescoping post is configured as a telescoping tube, and further wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 15. The slicer and pusher of claim 14, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 16. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable by a user to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade; the pusher having a cap with an upper end, a lower end, and a central axis extending from the upper end to the lower end, the lower end terminating in a lower rim, the cap defining an interior space; a guide mounted within the cap and extending from the upper end into the interior space, the guide having an open interior defining a channel along the central axis, the channel extending to the upper end of the cap to define an upper opening; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping post, the combined pillar and telescoping post further being mounted within the channel of the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping post with respect to one another and with respect to the guide along the central axis; and the guide further having an upper abutment and a lower abutment, the upper abutment and lower abutment limiting the extent of movement of the combined pillar and telescoping post along the central axis; and a spring positioned between the cap and the lower plate, the spring being mounted to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 17. The slicer and pusher of claim 16, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping post beyond the upper end of the cap. 18. The slicer and pusher of claim 16, wherein the telescoping post is configured as a telescoping tube, and further wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 19. The slicer and pusher of claim 18, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 20. The slicer and pusher of claim 19, wherein the lower plate further includes a retaining wall, the spring being received within the retaining wall. | A pusher for use with a mandoline slicer includes a cap having an upper and a lower end, the cap defining an interior space. A lower plate is attached to a pillar, which is attached to a telescoping post. The pillar and telescoping post are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis and trained for movement by a guide within the cap. Stops are provided along the guide to restrict the length of travel of the telescoping post and pillar. A spring is connected to the cap and the lower plate to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end.1. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade, the pusher having a cap having an upper and a lower end, the cap defining an interior space; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar defining a central axis, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping tube wherein the pillar and telescoping tube are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis; a guide defined within the interior space, the combined pillar and telescoping tube being mounted to the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping tube with respect to the guide along the central axis; and a spring having a first end connected to the cap and a second end connected to the lower plate, the spring urging the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 2. The slicer and pusher of claim 1, wherein the upper end of the cap further comprises a central opening positioned about the central axis, the cap further having an upper abutment providing a stop to limit upward movement of the telescoping tube. 3. The slicer and pusher of claim 2, wherein the guide further comprises a lower abutment providing a stop to limit downward movement of the telescoping tube. 4. The slicer and pusher of claim 3, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping tube beyond the upper end of the cap. 5. The slicer and pusher of claim 2, wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 6. The slicer and pusher of claim 5, wherein the guide defines an interior channel and the telescoping tube and pillar are received within the interior channel. 7. The slicer and pusher of claim 6, wherein the telescoping tube further includes a lower seat configured to limit movement of the pillar. 8. The slicer and pusher of claim 7, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 9. The slicer and pusher of claim 7, wherein the lower plate further includes a retaining wall, the spring being received within the retaining wall. 10. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade; the pusher having a cap with an upper end, a lower end, and a central axis extending from the upper end to the lower end, the lower end terminating in a lower rim, the cap defining an interior space; a guide extending into the interior space from the upper end toward the lower end, the guide having a hollow interior defining a channel, the channel extending to the upper end of the cap to define an upper opening; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping post wherein the pillar and telescoping post are telescopically moveable with respect to one another along the central axis, the combined pillar and telescoping post further being mounted within the channel of the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping post with respect to the guide along the central axis; and a spring positioned between the cap and the lower plate, the spring being mounted to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 11. The slicer and pusher of claim 10, wherein the upper end of the cap further comprises an upper abutment positioned to engage the telescoping post to limit upward movement of the telescoping post. 12. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the guide further comprises a lower abutment positioned to engage the telescoping post to limit downward movement of the telescoping post. 13. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping post beyond the upper end of the cap. 14. The slicer and pusher of claim 11, wherein the telescoping post is configured as a telescoping tube, and further wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 15. The slicer and pusher of claim 14, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 16. A slicer and pusher, comprising:
a mandoline slicer having an upper ramp and a lower ramp with a slicing blade positioned between the upper ramp and the lower ramp; and a pusher operable by a user to push a food item from the upper ramp to the lower ramp, whereby the food item is sliced by the slicing blade; the pusher having a cap with an upper end, a lower end, and a central axis extending from the upper end to the lower end, the lower end terminating in a lower rim, the cap defining an interior space; a guide mounted within the cap and extending from the upper end into the interior space, the guide having an open interior defining a channel along the central axis, the channel extending to the upper end of the cap to define an upper opening; a lower plate attached to a pillar, the pillar further being attached to a telescoping post, the combined pillar and telescoping post further being mounted within the channel of the guide for movement of the pillar and telescoping post with respect to one another and with respect to the guide along the central axis; and the guide further having an upper abutment and a lower abutment, the upper abutment and lower abutment limiting the extent of movement of the combined pillar and telescoping post along the central axis; and a spring positioned between the cap and the lower plate, the spring being mounted to urge the lower plate away from the cap in a direction from the upper end toward the lower end. 17. The slicer and pusher of claim 16, wherein the upper abutment is positioned to prevent upward movement of the telescoping post beyond the upper end of the cap. 18. The slicer and pusher of claim 16, wherein the telescoping post is configured as a telescoping tube, and further wherein the telescoping tube surrounds the pillar. 19. The slicer and pusher of claim 18, wherein spring surrounds the guide. 20. The slicer and pusher of claim 19, wherein the lower plate further includes a retaining wall, the spring being received within the retaining wall. | 2,600 |
341,860 | 16,802,196 | 2,696 | Transient computing clusters can be temporarily provisioned in cloud-based infrastructure to run data processing tasks. Such tasks may be run by services operating in the clusters that consume and produce data including operational metadata. Techniques are introduced for tracking data lineage across multiple clusters, including transient computing clusters, based on the operational metadata. In some embodiments, operational metadata is extracted from the transient computing clusters and aggregated at a metadata system for analysis. Based on the analysis of the metadata, operations can be summarized at a cluster level even if the transient computing cluster no longer exists. Further relationships between workflows, such as dependencies or redundancies, can be identified and utilized to optimize the provisioning of computing clusters and tasks performed by the computing clusters. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow; processing the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities; generating data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow; inferring first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and causing display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing an entity in the first transient computing cluster to extract the first metadata; and causing the entity in the first transient computing cluster to publish the extracted first metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and processing the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the visualization is further based on the second design-time information. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
optimizing the first workflow and/or second workflow based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
designating a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient computing cluster based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
configuring provisioning of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least some of the plurality of graphical entity nodes include interactive elements, which when interacted with by a user, display information regarding the represented entities. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein a particular graphical entity node of the plurality of graphical entity nodes includes an indication that an entity represented by the particular graphical entity node is associated with the first transient computing cluster. 14. The method of claim 1, the first design-time information includes information regarding any one or more of:
data processed according to the first workflow; operations performed on the data as part of the first workflow; or services of the first transient computing cluster utilized to perform the operations on the data. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the first design-time information includes:
inferring, based on the data lineage information, logical connections between one or more of the plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; wherein logical connections between data processing jobs may include any one or more of:
sequencing of the data processing jobs;
scheduling of the data processing jobs;
dependencies between the data processing jobs; or
common parameters between the data processing jobs. 16. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow;
process the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities;
generate data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow;
infer first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and
cause display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the memory has further instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to further:
receive second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and process the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the memory has further instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to further:
identify any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information; and based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow:
optimize the first workflow and/or second workflow;
designate a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient; and/or
configure the provisioning of a plurality of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. 21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, execution of which by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
receive first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow; process the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities; generate data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow; infer first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and cause display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, storing further instructions, execution of which by the computer system, cause the computer system to further:
receive second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and process the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, storing further instructions, execution of which by the computer system, cause the computer system to further:
identify any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information; and based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow:
optimize the first workflow and/or second workflow;
designate a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient; and/or
configure the provisioning of a plurality of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow. 25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. | Transient computing clusters can be temporarily provisioned in cloud-based infrastructure to run data processing tasks. Such tasks may be run by services operating in the clusters that consume and produce data including operational metadata. Techniques are introduced for tracking data lineage across multiple clusters, including transient computing clusters, based on the operational metadata. In some embodiments, operational metadata is extracted from the transient computing clusters and aggregated at a metadata system for analysis. Based on the analysis of the metadata, operations can be summarized at a cluster level even if the transient computing cluster no longer exists. Further relationships between workflows, such as dependencies or redundancies, can be identified and utilized to optimize the provisioning of computing clusters and tasks performed by the computing clusters.1. A method comprising:
receiving first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow; processing the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities; generating data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow; inferring first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and causing display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing an entity in the first transient computing cluster to extract the first metadata; and causing the entity in the first transient computing cluster to publish the extracted first metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and processing the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the visualization is further based on the second design-time information. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
optimizing the first workflow and/or second workflow based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
designating a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient computing cluster based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
configuring provisioning of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least some of the plurality of graphical entity nodes include interactive elements, which when interacted with by a user, display information regarding the represented entities. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein a particular graphical entity node of the plurality of graphical entity nodes includes an indication that an entity represented by the particular graphical entity node is associated with the first transient computing cluster. 14. The method of claim 1, the first design-time information includes information regarding any one or more of:
data processed according to the first workflow; operations performed on the data as part of the first workflow; or services of the first transient computing cluster utilized to perform the operations on the data. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein inferring the first design-time information includes:
inferring, based on the data lineage information, logical connections between one or more of the plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; wherein logical connections between data processing jobs may include any one or more of:
sequencing of the data processing jobs;
scheduling of the data processing jobs;
dependencies between the data processing jobs; or
common parameters between the data processing jobs. 16. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to:
receive first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow;
process the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities;
generate data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow;
infer first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and
cause display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the memory has further instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to further:
receive second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and process the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the memory has further instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to further:
identify any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information; and based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow:
optimize the first workflow and/or second workflow;
designate a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient; and/or
configure the provisioning of a plurality of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. 21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, execution of which by a computer system, cause the computer system to:
receive first metadata from a first transient computing cluster in a cloud-based computing environment, the first transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a first workflow, the first metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the first workflow; process the first metadata to identify a plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow and relationships between the identified plurality of entities; generate data lineage information based on the identified plurality of entities and relationships between the identified plurality of entities, the data lineage information indicative of a path of data through the identified plurality of entities involved in the processing of the data according to the first workflow; infer first design-time information associated with the first workflow based on the generated data lineage information, the first design-time information indicative of a design of any of the first transient computing cluster, the first workflow, or a plurality of data processing jobs included in the first workflow; and cause display of a visualization based on the first design-time information. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the first transient computing cluster includes a plurality of temporarily provisioned virtual machine instances in the cloud-based computing environment, the plurality of virtual machine instances operable as a plurality of computing nodes in the first transient computing cluster, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machine instances includes an entity operable to:
extract metadata from one or more services associated with the transient computing cluster; and publish the extracted metadata to a queue; wherein the first metadata is received from the queue. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, storing further instructions, execution of which by the computer system, cause the computer system to further:
receive second metadata from a second transient computing cluster in the cloud-based computing environment, the second transient computing cluster temporarily provisioned to process data according to a second workflow, the second metadata including run-time artifacts generated at a time of processing the data according to the second workflow; and process the second metadata to infer second design-time information associated with the second workflow. 24. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, storing further instructions, execution of which by the computer system, cause the computer system to further:
identify any of a dependency or redundancy between the first workflow and the second workflow based on the first design-time information and the second design-time information; and based on the identified dependency and/or redundancy between the first workflow and second workflow:
optimize the first workflow and/or second workflow;
designate a cluster group that includes the first transient computing cluster and the second transient; and/or
configure the provisioning of a plurality of transient computing clusters in the cloud-based computing environment to process data according to the first workflow and second workflow. 25. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein the visualization includes:
a plurality of graphical entity nodes representative of a plurality of identified entities involved in the processing of the data, each of the plurality of graphical entity nodes visually linked to one or more of the other plurality of graphical entity nodes based on identified relationships between the plurality of entities. | 2,600 |
341,861 | 16,802,231 | 2,696 | A providing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: store, in the memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquire device information; set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. | 1. A providing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
store, in the memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network;
acquire device information;
set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model;
extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and
provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a size of each of the second machine learning models is smaller than a size of the first machine learning model. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to store, as management information in the memory, the device information and the extraction conditions in a manner of making connections with each other. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
train the first machine learning model; and store, in the memory, learning information on the first machine learning model in a manner of making connections with the management information. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the learning information includes:
identification information for identifying the first machine learning model; a date when the first machine learning model was generated; and identification information for identifying a learning dataset that was used for learning of the first machine learning model. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a user interface (UT) configured to receive a disclosure request for the management information and return a response satisfying a search condition specified by the disclosure request. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the device information includes identification information for identifying the device and specification information representing hardware specifications of the device. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the device information further includes control information on inference processing using the second machine learning models. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the control information includes at least one of:
a target amount of calculation of the inference processing executed on a device that is provided with the second machine learning models; a target model size of the second machine learning models used for the inference processing executed on the device; a target speed of the inference processing executed on the device; and a target recognition rate of the inference processing executed on the device. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the extraction conditions include a rank for controlling the amount of calculation of the second machine learning models, and the hardware processor is further configured to extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model by:
decomposing at least one of weight matrices included in the first machine learning model into two or more matrices by using a singular value decomposition technique; and
changing a size of each of the decomposed matrices in accordance with the rank. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the extraction conditions include a number of layers of the second machine learning models, the first machine learning model includes a Residual Network (ResNet) block, and the hardware processor is further configured to extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model by decomposing the ResNet block into a network representation having the number of layers specified by the extraction conditions while treating the ResNet block as ordinary differential equations. 12. A providing method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
reading out, from a memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquiring device information; setting, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extracting the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and providing the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. 13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
store, in a memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquire device information; set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. | A providing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: store, in the memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquire device information; set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information.1. A providing apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
store, in the memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network;
acquire device information;
set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model;
extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and
provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a size of each of the second machine learning models is smaller than a size of the first machine learning model. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to store, as management information in the memory, the device information and the extraction conditions in a manner of making connections with each other. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
train the first machine learning model; and store, in the memory, learning information on the first machine learning model in a manner of making connections with the management information. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the learning information includes:
identification information for identifying the first machine learning model; a date when the first machine learning model was generated; and identification information for identifying a learning dataset that was used for learning of the first machine learning model. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a user interface (UT) configured to receive a disclosure request for the management information and return a response satisfying a search condition specified by the disclosure request. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the device information includes identification information for identifying the device and specification information representing hardware specifications of the device. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the device information further includes control information on inference processing using the second machine learning models. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the control information includes at least one of:
a target amount of calculation of the inference processing executed on a device that is provided with the second machine learning models; a target model size of the second machine learning models used for the inference processing executed on the device; a target speed of the inference processing executed on the device; and a target recognition rate of the inference processing executed on the device. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the extraction conditions include a rank for controlling the amount of calculation of the second machine learning models, and the hardware processor is further configured to extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model by:
decomposing at least one of weight matrices included in the first machine learning model into two or more matrices by using a singular value decomposition technique; and
changing a size of each of the decomposed matrices in accordance with the rank. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the extraction conditions include a number of layers of the second machine learning models, the first machine learning model includes a Residual Network (ResNet) block, and the hardware processor is further configured to extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model by decomposing the ResNet block into a network representation having the number of layers specified by the extraction conditions while treating the ResNet block as ordinary differential equations. 12. A providing method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
reading out, from a memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquiring device information; setting, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extracting the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and providing the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. 13. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
store, in a memory, a first machine learning model capable of changing an amount of calculation of a model of a neural network; acquire device information; set, based on the device information, extraction conditions representing conditions for extracting second machine learning models from the first machine learning model; extract the second machine learning models from the first machine learning model based on the extraction conditions; and provide the second machine learning models to a device specified by the device information. | 2,600 |
341,862 | 16,802,221 | 2,696 | In order to maintain flexible system bandwidth and a flexible center frequency, without requiring a cyclic prefix or guard interval, a transmitter apparatus transmits a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform having a mixed symbol structure, in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval and transmits data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval. The data may be based on input data processed using overlapping FFT windows, and an amount of overlap between the FFT windows may be configurable by the transmitter or the receiver. An apparatus receiving the downlink transmission comprising data based on a single carrier waveform may process the data based on overlapping FFT windows. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
receiving a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; receiving a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and processing the reference signal and the data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap between FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window;
receive a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and
process the reference signal and the data. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap between FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the transmission. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
means for receiving a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; means for receiving a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and means for processing the reference signal and the data. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap between the FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; receive a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and process the reference signal and the data. | In order to maintain flexible system bandwidth and a flexible center frequency, without requiring a cyclic prefix or guard interval, a transmitter apparatus transmits a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform having a mixed symbol structure, in reference signal symbols using at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval and transmits data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval. The data may be based on input data processed using overlapping FFT windows, and an amount of overlap between the FFT windows may be configurable by the transmitter or the receiver. An apparatus receiving the downlink transmission comprising data based on a single carrier waveform may process the data based on overlapping FFT windows.1. A method of wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
receiving a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; receiving a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and processing the reference signal and the data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein an amount of overlap between FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the data. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
receive a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window;
receive a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and
process the reference signal and the data. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein an amount of overlap between FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the transmission. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiver based on a mixed symbol structure, comprising:
means for receiving a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; means for receiving a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and means for processing the reference signal and the data. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the reference signal comprises a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS). 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises DFT-Spread-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (DFT-s-FDM). 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the single carrier waveform comprises Single Carrier-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SC-QAM). 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a first FFT window comprises the data comprised in a second, adjacent FFT window. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein an amount of overlap between the FFT windows is configurable by the receiver or a transmitter. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the amount of overlap is based on a level of inter-symbol interference for the transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the amount of overlap between the FFT windows configured by the receiver to process the data is configured independently from a second amount of overlap configured by the transmitter. 25. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive a reference signal based on a single carrier waveform in reference signal symbols having at least one of a cyclic prefix and a guard interval, wherein the reference signal is based on a fixed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window; receive a transmission in data symbols comprising data based on the single carrier waveform without the cyclic prefix or the guard interval, wherein the data is based on a configurable FFT window; and process the reference signal and the data. | 2,600 |
341,863 | 16,802,252 | 2,696 | A switching system includes a content-addressable memory (CAM) and several processing nodes. The CAM can be selectively connected to any one or more of the processing nodes during operation of the switching system, without having to power down or otherwise reboot the switching system. The CAM is selectively connected to a processing node in that electrical paths between the CAM and the processing nodes can be established, torn down, and re-established during operation of the switching system. The switching system can include a connection matrix to selectively establish electrical paths between the CAM and the processing nodes. | 1. A method comprising:
establishing a first electrical path between a content-addressable memory and a first data processing unit (DPU) from among a plurality of DPUs; exchanging data between the content-addressable memory and the first DPU along the first electrical path; receiving a control input; in response to receiving the control input, establishing a second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second DPU from among the plurality of DPUs; and exchanging data between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU along the second electrical path, wherein one or more electrical paths are selectively established between the content-addressable memory and any of the plurality of DPUs. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to receiving the control input, disconnecting the first electrical path. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising storing new data in the content-addressable memory subsequent to establishing the second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrical path remains established in addition to the second electrical path. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising storing additional data in the content-addressable memory subsequent to establishing the second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the control input from a computer system separate from the plurality of DPUs. 7. An apparatus comprising:
a content-addressable memory having inputs and outputs; a plurality of processing nodes, each node having inputs and outputs; a connection matrix having connections to the inputs and outputs of the content-addressable memory and connections to the inputs and outputs of each of the plurality of processing nodes; and an interface in communication with the connection matrix, wherein, in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix selectively provides an electrical path between the content-addressable memory and at least one of the plurality of processing nodes. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix disconnects a previous electrical path provided between the content-addressable memory and a first one of the processing nodes and provides a subsequent electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second one of the processing nodes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second processing node, storing new data in the content-addressable memory. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix retains a previous electrical path provided between the content-addressable memory and a first one of the processing nodes and provides an additional electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second one of the processing nodes. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising, subsequent to providing the additional electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second processing node, storing additional data in the content-addressable memory. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix connects the content-addressable memory to both a first one of the processing nodes and at least a second one of the processing nodes. 13. A server rack comprising:
a plurality of servers; a core comprising a memory lookup structure, a plurality of processing nodes, and a connection matrix; and a connector panel connected to the servers and to the core to provide electrical paths between the servers and the processing nodes in the core, the connection matrix connected to the memory lookup structure and to the processing nodes, the connection matrix selectively providing electrical paths between the memory lookup structure any of the processing nodes in response to the connection matrix receiving control input. 14. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, provides a first electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and a second electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 15. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, the connection matrix disconnects a previous electrical path provided between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and provides a subsequent electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 16. The server rack of claim 15, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the memory lookup structure and the second processing node, storing new data in the memory lookup structure. 17. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, the connection matrix retains a previous electrical path provided between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and provides an additional electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 18. The server rack of claim 17, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the memory lookup structure and the second processing node, storing additional data in the memory lookup structure. 19. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix receives control input from a computer system separate from the plurality of servers. 20. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the memory lookup structure is a content-addressable memory. | A switching system includes a content-addressable memory (CAM) and several processing nodes. The CAM can be selectively connected to any one or more of the processing nodes during operation of the switching system, without having to power down or otherwise reboot the switching system. The CAM is selectively connected to a processing node in that electrical paths between the CAM and the processing nodes can be established, torn down, and re-established during operation of the switching system. The switching system can include a connection matrix to selectively establish electrical paths between the CAM and the processing nodes.1. A method comprising:
establishing a first electrical path between a content-addressable memory and a first data processing unit (DPU) from among a plurality of DPUs; exchanging data between the content-addressable memory and the first DPU along the first electrical path; receiving a control input; in response to receiving the control input, establishing a second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second DPU from among the plurality of DPUs; and exchanging data between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU along the second electrical path, wherein one or more electrical paths are selectively established between the content-addressable memory and any of the plurality of DPUs. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to receiving the control input, disconnecting the first electrical path. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising storing new data in the content-addressable memory subsequent to establishing the second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrical path remains established in addition to the second electrical path. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising storing additional data in the content-addressable memory subsequent to establishing the second electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second DPU. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the control input from a computer system separate from the plurality of DPUs. 7. An apparatus comprising:
a content-addressable memory having inputs and outputs; a plurality of processing nodes, each node having inputs and outputs; a connection matrix having connections to the inputs and outputs of the content-addressable memory and connections to the inputs and outputs of each of the plurality of processing nodes; and an interface in communication with the connection matrix, wherein, in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix selectively provides an electrical path between the content-addressable memory and at least one of the plurality of processing nodes. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix disconnects a previous electrical path provided between the content-addressable memory and a first one of the processing nodes and provides a subsequent electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second one of the processing nodes. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second processing node, storing new data in the content-addressable memory. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix retains a previous electrical path provided between the content-addressable memory and a first one of the processing nodes and provides an additional electrical path between the content-addressable memory and a second one of the processing nodes. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising, subsequent to providing the additional electrical path between the content-addressable memory and the second processing node, storing additional data in the content-addressable memory. 12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in response to input from the interface, the connection matrix connects the content-addressable memory to both a first one of the processing nodes and at least a second one of the processing nodes. 13. A server rack comprising:
a plurality of servers; a core comprising a memory lookup structure, a plurality of processing nodes, and a connection matrix; and a connector panel connected to the servers and to the core to provide electrical paths between the servers and the processing nodes in the core, the connection matrix connected to the memory lookup structure and to the processing nodes, the connection matrix selectively providing electrical paths between the memory lookup structure any of the processing nodes in response to the connection matrix receiving control input. 14. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, provides a first electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and a second electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 15. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, the connection matrix disconnects a previous electrical path provided between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and provides a subsequent electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 16. The server rack of claim 15, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the memory lookup structure and the second processing node, storing new data in the memory lookup structure. 17. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix, in response to the control input, the connection matrix retains a previous electrical path provided between the memory lookup structure and a first one of the processing nodes and provides an additional electrical path between the memory lookup structure and a second one of the processing nodes. 18. The server rack of claim 17, further comprising, subsequent to providing the electrical path between the memory lookup structure and the second processing node, storing additional data in the memory lookup structure. 19. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the connection matrix receives control input from a computer system separate from the plurality of servers. 20. The server rack of claim 13, wherein the memory lookup structure is a content-addressable memory. | 2,600 |
341,864 | 16,802,234 | 2,696 | A system and a method are disclosed for providing furnishings for an accommodation based on user preferences. An accommodation management system may retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user. The system may query an accommodation listing database for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences. The system may determine that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences. The system may reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences. The system may order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
retrieving, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; querying an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determining that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserving an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and ordering automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
identifying common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmitting automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing, for display to the subscription accommodation user, an image of the accommodation having an image of the common features superimposed on the image of the accommodation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the accommodation that will require a least amount of cost to be modified to meet the minimum user preferences. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the accommodation is an unfurnished accommodation. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a vendor that submits a lowest bid to provide the ordered furnishings. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for furnishing an accommodation, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; query an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determine that the accommodation listing database system does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising instructions to:
identify common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmit automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising instructions to provide, for display to the subscription accommodation user, an image of the accommodation having an image of the common features superimposed on the image of the accommodation. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to select the accommodation that will require a least amount of cost to be modified to meet the minimum user preferences. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the accommodation is an unfurnished accommodation. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to select a vendor that submits a lowest bid to provide the ordered furnishings. 17. A system for furnishing an accommodation, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; query an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determine that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 20. The system of claim 19, the instructions further causing the processor to:
identify common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmit automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. | A system and a method are disclosed for providing furnishings for an accommodation based on user preferences. An accommodation management system may retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user. The system may query an accommodation listing database for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences. The system may determine that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences. The system may reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences. The system may order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
retrieving, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; querying an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determining that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserving an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and ordering automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
identifying common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmitting automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising providing, for display to the subscription accommodation user, an image of the accommodation having an image of the common features superimposed on the image of the accommodation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the accommodation that will require a least amount of cost to be modified to meet the minimum user preferences. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the accommodation is an unfurnished accommodation. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a vendor that submits a lowest bid to provide the ordered furnishings. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for furnishing an accommodation, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; query an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determine that the accommodation listing database system does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11, the operations further comprising instructions to:
identify common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmit automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising instructions to provide, for display to the subscription accommodation user, an image of the accommodation having an image of the common features superimposed on the image of the accommodation. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to select the accommodation that will require a least amount of cost to be modified to meet the minimum user preferences. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the accommodation is an unfurnished accommodation. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to select a vendor that submits a lowest bid to provide the ordered furnishings. 17. A system for furnishing an accommodation, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
retrieve, from a user preference database, minimum user preferences for an accommodation for a subscription accommodation user; query an accommodation listing database in an accommodation management system for accommodations that meet the minimum user preferences; determine that the accommodation listing database does not have an accommodation that meets the minimum user preferences; reserve an accommodation that is modifiable to meet the minimum user preferences; and order automatically, in response to the reserving, furnishings to meet the minimum user preferences. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a first set of user preferences is determined based on content of accommodation reviews left by the subscription accommodation user. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein a second set of user preferences is determined based on features of previous accommodations booked by the subscription accommodation user. 20. The system of claim 19, the instructions further causing the processor to:
identify common features between the first set of user preferences and the second set of user preferences; and transmit automatically a request to a vendor to provide the common features for the accommodation. | 2,600 |
341,865 | 16,802,241 | 2,696 | Stabilized pharmaceutical formulations of insulin analogues and/or insulin derivatives are disclosed. | 1. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising
(a) at least one analogue and/or derivative of insulin; (b) Zn(II); (c) sorbitol; and (d) optionally protamine. 2. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation is an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation. 3. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation has a pH value in the range from 6.0 to 9.0. 4. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation has a pH value in the range from 7.0 to 7.8. 5. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the analogue of insulin is selected from the group consisting of insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glulisine. 6. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the derivative of insulin is insulin detemir and/or insulin degludec. 7. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the analogue and/or derivative of insulin is present in a concentration from 10 U/mL to 1000 U/mL. 8. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein Zn(II) is present in a concentration from 0.0100 to 0.0600 mg/100 U of the analogue and/or derivative of insulin. 9. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation further contains sodium chloride. 10. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 9, wherein sodium chloride is present in a concentration from 0.01 to 6.0 mg/mL. 11. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein protamine is present in a concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL. 12. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises one or more further active pharmaceutical ingredients. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises more than one analogue and/or derivative of insulin, wherein one analogue and/or derivative of insulin is a fast acting insulin and one analogue and/or derivative of insulin is a long acting insulin. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the components are mixed together in the form of a solution or suspension, the pH is adjusted to reach a desired pH and water is added to reach a final volume. 20. A kit comprising one or more separate packages of
(a) the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1; and (b) a medical device. 21. A kit comprising one or more separate packages of
(a) the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1; and (b) at least one further active pharmaceutical ingredient; and (c) optionally a medical device. 22-28. (canceled) 29. A method of treating diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 30. A method of treating hyperglycemia in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 31. A method of lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 32. A medical device comprising the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, for administering the pharmaceutical formulation to an animal and/or human. | Stabilized pharmaceutical formulations of insulin analogues and/or insulin derivatives are disclosed.1. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising
(a) at least one analogue and/or derivative of insulin; (b) Zn(II); (c) sorbitol; and (d) optionally protamine. 2. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation is an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation. 3. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation has a pH value in the range from 6.0 to 9.0. 4. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation has a pH value in the range from 7.0 to 7.8. 5. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the analogue of insulin is selected from the group consisting of insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glulisine. 6. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the derivative of insulin is insulin detemir and/or insulin degludec. 7. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the analogue and/or derivative of insulin is present in a concentration from 10 U/mL to 1000 U/mL. 8. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein Zn(II) is present in a concentration from 0.0100 to 0.0600 mg/100 U of the analogue and/or derivative of insulin. 9. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation further contains sodium chloride. 10. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 9, wherein sodium chloride is present in a concentration from 0.01 to 6.0 mg/mL. 11. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein protamine is present in a concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL. 12. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises one or more further active pharmaceutical ingredients. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical formulation comprises more than one analogue and/or derivative of insulin, wherein one analogue and/or derivative of insulin is a fast acting insulin and one analogue and/or derivative of insulin is a long acting insulin. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1, wherein the components are mixed together in the form of a solution or suspension, the pH is adjusted to reach a desired pH and water is added to reach a final volume. 20. A kit comprising one or more separate packages of
(a) the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1; and (b) a medical device. 21. A kit comprising one or more separate packages of
(a) the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1; and (b) at least one further active pharmaceutical ingredient; and (c) optionally a medical device. 22-28. (canceled) 29. A method of treating diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 30. A method of treating hyperglycemia in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 31. A method of lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1. 32. A medical device comprising the pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1, for administering the pharmaceutical formulation to an animal and/or human. | 2,600 |
341,866 | 16,802,174 | 2,696 | Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. The particles may be used as conductive additives and/or fillers. The particles may be used in energy storage devices such as, for example, lithium-ion batteries. | 1.-155. (canceled) 156. An electrode body, comprising an electroactive material and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 157. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is further assembled into a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion, lithium sulfur, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lead acid, or nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery. 158. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is at least about 10 microns thick. 159. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a Z average particle size of the conductive additive as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation Da=(2540+71(DBP))/S, where Da is a maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers, S is an STSA in m2/g, and <DBP> is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414. 160. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a percent free space of at least about 5% of a total number of particles of the conductive additive is about 90% or greater based on number count. 161. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is between about 30 m2/g and 400 m2/g, between about 40 m2/g and 80 m2/g, or between about 80 m2/g and 150 m2/g, or (ii) wherein the conductive additive has a structure that is greater than about 100 mL/100 grams. 162. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein (i) total extractable PAHs of the conductive additive are less than about 1 ppm, or (ii) the conductive additive has a tote greater than about 99.8%. 163. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total sulfur content of less than about 50 ppm. 164. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 0.4% oxygen by weight. 165. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a hydrogen content of less than about 0.4% hydrogen by weight. 166. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 99% carbon by weight. 167. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total ash content of less than or equal to about 1%, and wherein less than or equal to about 90% of the ash content are metal impurities of Fe, Ni and/or Co. 168. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises less than about 5 ppm Fe, less than about 200 ppb Cr, less than about 200 ppb Ni, less than about 10 ppb Co, less than about 10 ppb Zn, less than about 10 ppb Sn, or any combination thereof. 169. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 0.3% by weight, (ii) an affinity to adsorb water from an 80% relative humidity atmosphere of less than about 0.5 mL (milliliter) of water per square meter of surface area of the conductive additive, or (iii) a water spreading pressure (WSP) between about 0 and about 8 mJ/m2. 170. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total surface acid group content of less than or equal to about 0.5 μmol/m2. 171. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises substantially no particles larger than about (i) 20 microns, (ii) 30 microns, or (iii) 40 microns. 172. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a boron concentration that is between about 0.05% and 7% on a solids weight basis. 173. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body has a resistance at 5 megapascals (MPa) that is less than about 107 ohm-centimeters (ohm-cm). 174. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a volume resistivity of the conductive additive is less than about 0.3 ohm-cm at 2 MPa. 175. A conductive layer, comprising a binder and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 176. The conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the conductive additive has a surface area/electron microscope surface area (STSA/EMSA) ratio greater than or equal to about 1.3. 177. An energy storage device comprising the conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the energy storage device has (i) enhanced cycle life, (ii) enhanced calendar life, (iii) enhanced capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or (iv) enhanced capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles compared to an energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles, and wherein the cycle life, the calendar life, the capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or the capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles is each at least about 1% greater compared to the energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles. | Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. The particles may be used as conductive additives and/or fillers. The particles may be used in energy storage devices such as, for example, lithium-ion batteries.1.-155. (canceled) 156. An electrode body, comprising an electroactive material and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 157. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is further assembled into a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion, lithium sulfur, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lead acid, or nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery. 158. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is at least about 10 microns thick. 159. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a Z average particle size of the conductive additive as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation Da=(2540+71(DBP))/S, where Da is a maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers, S is an STSA in m2/g, and <DBP> is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414. 160. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a percent free space of at least about 5% of a total number of particles of the conductive additive is about 90% or greater based on number count. 161. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is between about 30 m2/g and 400 m2/g, between about 40 m2/g and 80 m2/g, or between about 80 m2/g and 150 m2/g, or (ii) wherein the conductive additive has a structure that is greater than about 100 mL/100 grams. 162. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein (i) total extractable PAHs of the conductive additive are less than about 1 ppm, or (ii) the conductive additive has a tote greater than about 99.8%. 163. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total sulfur content of less than about 50 ppm. 164. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 0.4% oxygen by weight. 165. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a hydrogen content of less than about 0.4% hydrogen by weight. 166. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 99% carbon by weight. 167. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total ash content of less than or equal to about 1%, and wherein less than or equal to about 90% of the ash content are metal impurities of Fe, Ni and/or Co. 168. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises less than about 5 ppm Fe, less than about 200 ppb Cr, less than about 200 ppb Ni, less than about 10 ppb Co, less than about 10 ppb Zn, less than about 10 ppb Sn, or any combination thereof. 169. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 0.3% by weight, (ii) an affinity to adsorb water from an 80% relative humidity atmosphere of less than about 0.5 mL (milliliter) of water per square meter of surface area of the conductive additive, or (iii) a water spreading pressure (WSP) between about 0 and about 8 mJ/m2. 170. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total surface acid group content of less than or equal to about 0.5 μmol/m2. 171. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises substantially no particles larger than about (i) 20 microns, (ii) 30 microns, or (iii) 40 microns. 172. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a boron concentration that is between about 0.05% and 7% on a solids weight basis. 173. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body has a resistance at 5 megapascals (MPa) that is less than about 107 ohm-centimeters (ohm-cm). 174. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a volume resistivity of the conductive additive is less than about 0.3 ohm-cm at 2 MPa. 175. A conductive layer, comprising a binder and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 176. The conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the conductive additive has a surface area/electron microscope surface area (STSA/EMSA) ratio greater than or equal to about 1.3. 177. An energy storage device comprising the conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the energy storage device has (i) enhanced cycle life, (ii) enhanced calendar life, (iii) enhanced capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or (iv) enhanced capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles compared to an energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles, and wherein the cycle life, the calendar life, the capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or the capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles is each at least about 1% greater compared to the energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles. | 2,600 |
341,867 | 16,802,257 | 2,696 | Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. The particles may be used as conductive additives and/or fillers. The particles may be used in energy storage devices such as, for example, lithium-ion batteries. | 1.-155. (canceled) 156. An electrode body, comprising an electroactive material and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 157. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is further assembled into a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion, lithium sulfur, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lead acid, or nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery. 158. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is at least about 10 microns thick. 159. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a Z average particle size of the conductive additive as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation Da=(2540+71(DBP))/S, where Da is a maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers, S is an STSA in m2/g, and <DBP> is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414. 160. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a percent free space of at least about 5% of a total number of particles of the conductive additive is about 90% or greater based on number count. 161. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is between about 30 m2/g and 400 m2/g, between about 40 m2/g and 80 m2/g, or between about 80 m2/g and 150 m2/g, or (ii) wherein the conductive additive has a structure that is greater than about 100 mL/100 grams. 162. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein (i) total extractable PAHs of the conductive additive are less than about 1 ppm, or (ii) the conductive additive has a tote greater than about 99.8%. 163. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total sulfur content of less than about 50 ppm. 164. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 0.4% oxygen by weight. 165. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a hydrogen content of less than about 0.4% hydrogen by weight. 166. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 99% carbon by weight. 167. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total ash content of less than or equal to about 1%, and wherein less than or equal to about 90% of the ash content are metal impurities of Fe, Ni and/or Co. 168. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises less than about 5 ppm Fe, less than about 200 ppb Cr, less than about 200 ppb Ni, less than about 10 ppb Co, less than about 10 ppb Zn, less than about 10 ppb Sn, or any combination thereof. 169. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 0.3% by weight, (ii) an affinity to adsorb water from an 80% relative humidity atmosphere of less than about 0.5 mL (milliliter) of water per square meter of surface area of the conductive additive, or (iii) a water spreading pressure (WSP) between about 0 and about 8 mJ/m2. 170. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total surface acid group content of less than or equal to about 0.5 μmol/m2. 171. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises substantially no particles larger than about (i) 20 microns, (ii) 30 microns, or (iii) 40 microns. 172. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a boron concentration that is between about 0.05% and 7% on a solids weight basis. 173. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body has a resistance at 5 megapascals (MPa) that is less than about 107 ohm-centimeters (ohm-cm). 174. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a volume resistivity of the conductive additive is less than about 0.3 ohm-cm at 2 MPa. 175. A conductive layer, comprising a binder and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 176. The conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the conductive additive has a surface area/electron microscope surface area (STSA/EMSA) ratio greater than or equal to about 1.3. 177. An energy storage device comprising the conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the energy storage device has (i) enhanced cycle life, (ii) enhanced calendar life, (iii) enhanced capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or (iv) enhanced capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles compared to an energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles, and wherein the cycle life, the calendar life, the capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or the capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles is each at least about 1% greater compared to the energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles. | Particles with suitable properties may be generated. The particles may include carbon particles. The particles may be used as conductive additives and/or fillers. The particles may be used in energy storage devices such as, for example, lithium-ion batteries.1.-155. (canceled) 156. An electrode body, comprising an electroactive material and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 157. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is further assembled into a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion, lithium sulfur, nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lead acid, or nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery. 158. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body is at least about 10 microns thick. 159. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a Z average particle size of the conductive additive as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) is at least about 30% greater than a value predicted based on the equation Da=(2540+71(DBP))/S, where Da is a maximum aggregate diameter in nanometers, S is an STSA in m2/g, and <DBP> is equal to the volume of dibutylphthalate in mL/100 g in accordance with standard test procedure ASTM D2414. 160. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a percent free space of at least about 5% of a total number of particles of the conductive additive is about 90% or greater based on number count. 161. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a nitrogen surface area (N2SA) that is between about 30 m2/g and 400 m2/g, between about 40 m2/g and 80 m2/g, or between about 80 m2/g and 150 m2/g, or (ii) wherein the conductive additive has a structure that is greater than about 100 mL/100 grams. 162. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein (i) total extractable PAHs of the conductive additive are less than about 1 ppm, or (ii) the conductive additive has a tote greater than about 99.8%. 163. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total sulfur content of less than about 50 ppm. 164. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has an oxygen content of less than or equal to about 0.4% oxygen by weight. 165. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a hydrogen content of less than about 0.4% hydrogen by weight. 166. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a carbon content of greater than or equal to about 99% carbon by weight. 167. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total ash content of less than or equal to about 1%, and wherein less than or equal to about 90% of the ash content are metal impurities of Fe, Ni and/or Co. 168. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises less than about 5 ppm Fe, less than about 200 ppb Cr, less than about 200 ppb Ni, less than about 10 ppb Co, less than about 10 ppb Zn, less than about 10 ppb Sn, or any combination thereof. 169. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has (i) a moisture content of less than or equal to about 0.3% by weight, (ii) an affinity to adsorb water from an 80% relative humidity atmosphere of less than about 0.5 mL (milliliter) of water per square meter of surface area of the conductive additive, or (iii) a water spreading pressure (WSP) between about 0 and about 8 mJ/m2. 170. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a total surface acid group content of less than or equal to about 0.5 μmol/m2. 171. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive comprises substantially no particles larger than about (i) 20 microns, (ii) 30 microns, or (iii) 40 microns. 172. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the conductive additive has a boron concentration that is between about 0.05% and 7% on a solids weight basis. 173. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein the electrode body has a resistance at 5 megapascals (MPa) that is less than about 107 ohm-centimeters (ohm-cm). 174. The electrode body of claim 156, wherein a volume resistivity of the conductive additive is less than about 0.3 ohm-cm at 2 MPa. 175. A conductive layer, comprising a binder and a conductive additive, wherein the conductive additive has a lattice constant (Lc) greater than about 3.0 nm and a statistical thickness surface area/nitrogen surface area (STSA/N2SA) ratio from about 1.01 to about 1.4. 176. The conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the conductive additive has a surface area/electron microscope surface area (STSA/EMSA) ratio greater than or equal to about 1.3. 177. An energy storage device comprising the conductive layer of claim 175, wherein the energy storage device has (i) enhanced cycle life, (ii) enhanced calendar life, (iii) enhanced capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or (iv) enhanced capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles compared to an energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles, and wherein the cycle life, the calendar life, the capacity during charge and/or discharge and/or the capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles is each at least about 1% greater compared to the energy storage device comprising existing carbon particles. | 2,600 |
341,868 | 16,802,250 | 2,696 | A system and a method are disclosed for providing specific items in an accommodation for a user. The system may parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user. The system may determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review. The system may identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user. The system may determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation. the system may provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation. The system may transmit, automatically in response to the user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
parsing an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determining an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identifying a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determining that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; providing, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the specific item based on an accommodation management system previously providing the specific item. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising ordering the specific item from a vendor for an accommodation previously booked by the subscription living user. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising improving a search rank of accommodations for the subscription living user that include the specific item. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising indicating to the subscription living user that the specific item is available to be provided at an accommodation that does not currently have the specific item. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring future reviews left by the subscription living user regarding the specific item. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for determining a preference of a subscription accommodation user, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to identify the specific item based on an accommodation management system previously providing the specific item. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to order the specific item from a vendor for an accommodation previously booked by the subscription living user. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to improve a search rank of accommodations for the subscription living user that include the specific item. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to indicate to the subscription living user that the specific item is available to be provided at an accommodation that does not currently have the specific item. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to monitor future reviews left by the subscription living user regarding the specific item. 17. A system for determining a preference of a subscription accommodation user, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 18. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to determine, based on the accommodation review, that the subscription living user liked the specific item. 19. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. | A system and a method are disclosed for providing specific items in an accommodation for a user. The system may parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user. The system may determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review. The system may identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user. The system may determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation. the system may provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation. The system may transmit, automatically in response to the user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
parsing an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determining an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identifying a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determining that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; providing, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the specific item based on an accommodation management system previously providing the specific item. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising ordering the specific item from a vendor for an accommodation previously booked by the subscription living user. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising improving a search rank of accommodations for the subscription living user that include the specific item. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising indicating to the subscription living user that the specific item is available to be provided at an accommodation that does not currently have the specific item. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring future reviews left by the subscription living user regarding the specific item. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for determining a preference of a subscription accommodation user, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to identify the specific item based on an accommodation management system previously providing the specific item. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to order the specific item from a vendor for an accommodation previously booked by the subscription living user. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to improve a search rank of accommodations for the subscription living user that include the specific item. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to indicate to the subscription living user that the specific item is available to be provided at an accommodation that does not currently have the specific item. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to monitor future reviews left by the subscription living user regarding the specific item. 17. A system for determining a preference of a subscription accommodation user, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
parse an accommodation review for an accommodation left by a subscription living user; determine an item type that the subscription living user mentioned in the accommodation review; identify a specific item for the item type mentioned by the subscription living user; determine that the subscription living user will be staying in a subsequent accommodation; provide, for display to the subscription living user, a rendering of the specific item superimposed on an image of the subsequent accommodation; and transmitting, automatically in response to the subscription living user booking the subsequent accommodation, a request to a vendor to provide the specific item for the subsequent accommodation. 18. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to determine, based on the accommodation review, that the subscription living user liked the specific item. 19. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to transmit, automatically in response to the subscription living user checking out of the accommodation, a request to the vendor to collect the specific item. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the identifying the specific item comprises identifying a brand of the specific item. | 2,600 |
341,869 | 16,802,199 | 2,696 | A network slice selection method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: receiving, by a first SSF device of a VPLMN, a first service request message; obtaining, by the first SSF device, roaming information of UE according to the first service request message; selecting, by the first SSF device, a first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the roaming information of the UE. | 1. A communications system, comprising:
a mobility management (MM) function, configured to send a home public land mobile network identifier (HPLMN ID) of a user equipment (UE) and an indication indicating that a requested service is of a home-routed type, to a first slice selection function (SSF) device; and a first SSF device, configured to: select a first network slice instance in a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE; send a network slice selection request information to a second SSF device of a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE; and receive a slice selection response information from the second SSF device, wherein the slice selection response information comprises information about a second network slice instance, selected by the second SSF device, in the HPLMN for the UE. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first SSF device, configured to determine a slice type of the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first SSF device, configured to determine the first network slice instance and a network function in the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the network slice selection request information comprises a slice type of the first network slice instance. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the network slice selection request information further comprises a visited public land mobile network identifier (VPLMN ID). 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the information about the second network slice instance comprises at least one of:
a slice type of the second network slice instance, an ID of the second network slice instance, and an identifier of a second session management (SM) function of the second network slice instance. 7. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprises the second SSF device, configured to:
receive the network slice selection request information; and send the slice selection response information to the first SSF device. 8. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprises the second SSF device, configured to select the second network slice instance in the HPLMN for the UE. 9. A communications apparatus, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the communications apparatus to: receive a home public land mobile network identifier (HPLMN ID), and an indication indicating that a requested service is of a home-routed type; select a first network slice instance in a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE; send a network slice selection request information to a second SSF device of a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE; and receive a slice selection response information from the second SSF device, wherein the slice selection response information comprises information about a second network slice instance, selected by the second SSF device, in the HPLMN for the UE. 10. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the instructions further cause the communications apparatus to determine a slice type of the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 11. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the instructions further cause the communications apparatus to determine the first network slice instance and a network function in the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 12. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the network slice selection request information comprises a slice type of the first network slice instance. 13. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the network slice selection request information further comprises a visited public land mobile network identifier (VPLMN ID). 14. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the information about the second network slice instance comprises at least one of:
a slice type of the second network slice instance, an ID of the second network slice instance, and an identifier of a second session management (SM) function of the second network slice instance. | A network slice selection method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: receiving, by a first SSF device of a VPLMN, a first service request message; obtaining, by the first SSF device, roaming information of UE according to the first service request message; selecting, by the first SSF device, a first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the roaming information of the UE.1. A communications system, comprising:
a mobility management (MM) function, configured to send a home public land mobile network identifier (HPLMN ID) of a user equipment (UE) and an indication indicating that a requested service is of a home-routed type, to a first slice selection function (SSF) device; and a first SSF device, configured to: select a first network slice instance in a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE; send a network slice selection request information to a second SSF device of a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE; and receive a slice selection response information from the second SSF device, wherein the slice selection response information comprises information about a second network slice instance, selected by the second SSF device, in the HPLMN for the UE. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first SSF device, configured to determine a slice type of the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first SSF device, configured to determine the first network slice instance and a network function in the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the network slice selection request information comprises a slice type of the first network slice instance. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the network slice selection request information further comprises a visited public land mobile network identifier (VPLMN ID). 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the information about the second network slice instance comprises at least one of:
a slice type of the second network slice instance, an ID of the second network slice instance, and an identifier of a second session management (SM) function of the second network slice instance. 7. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprises the second SSF device, configured to:
receive the network slice selection request information; and send the slice selection response information to the first SSF device. 8. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprises the second SSF device, configured to select the second network slice instance in the HPLMN for the UE. 9. A communications apparatus, comprising:
a processor; memory coupled to the processor, the memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the communications apparatus to: receive a home public land mobile network identifier (HPLMN ID), and an indication indicating that a requested service is of a home-routed type; select a first network slice instance in a visited public land mobile network (VPLMN) for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE; send a network slice selection request information to a second SSF device of a home public land mobile network (HPLMN) of the UE; and receive a slice selection response information from the second SSF device, wherein the slice selection response information comprises information about a second network slice instance, selected by the second SSF device, in the HPLMN for the UE. 10. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the instructions further cause the communications apparatus to determine a slice type of the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 11. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the instructions further cause the communications apparatus to determine the first network slice instance and a network function in the first network slice instance in the VPLMN for the UE based on the HPLMN ID of the UE. 12. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the network slice selection request information comprises a slice type of the first network slice instance. 13. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the network slice selection request information further comprises a visited public land mobile network identifier (VPLMN ID). 14. The communications apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the information about the second network slice instance comprises at least one of:
a slice type of the second network slice instance, an ID of the second network slice instance, and an identifier of a second session management (SM) function of the second network slice instance. | 2,600 |
341,870 | 16,802,222 | 2,696 | The present invention is relates to an improved process for the preparation of pazopanib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention also relates to novel polymorphic Forms of pazopanib hydrochloride, and its intermediates thereof. | 1-28. (canceled) 29: The crystalline Form-L1 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 30, wherein the Form-L1 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 1. 30: Crystalline Form-L1 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.4, 7.0, 9.2, 11.5, 12.4, 14.1, 14.3, 15.8, 16.9, 17.8, 18.9, 19.1, 20.4, 20.7, 21.9, 22.8, 23.8, 24.5, 25.4, 26.7, 27.1, 28.0, 28.5, 29.1, 30.8, 31.3, 31.7, 32.0, 32.5, 33.9 and 35.5°+0.2° 2θ. 31: A process for preparing pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L 1, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in an organic solvent (S4); b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an organic solvent (S5) at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L1. 32: The process of claim 31, wherein the organic solvent (S4 and S5) is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, halogenated solvents, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alcohols are one of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, and wherein the halogenated solvents are one of methylene chloride and chloroform. 33: The process of claim 31, wherein the organic solvent is one of methanol, methylene chloride, or mixtures thereof. 34. (canceled) 35: The crystalline Form-L2 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 36, wherein the Form-L2 is characterized by a power X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 4. 36: Crystalline Form-L2 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a power X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.4, 7.9, 10.4, 12.5, 13.3, 14.1, 14.8, 15.9, 17.4, 19.0, 21.0, 21.5, 22.6, 23.2, 23.7, 24.2, 25.4, 25.8, 26.2, 26.8, 31.0, 32.3 and 32.6°±0.2° 2θ. 37: A process for preparing pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L2, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in methanol; b) cooling the solution to precipitation; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride From-L2. 38. (canceled) 39: The process of claim 37, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 5° C. 40: The crystalline Form-L3 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 41, wherein the Form-L3 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 5. 41: Crystalline Form-L3 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.1, 7.6, 12.0, 13.0, 13.4, 14.4, 15.8, 16.6, 17.7, 18.4, 20.1, 21.4, 22.1, 22.9, 23.7, 24.4, 25.4, 26.4, 26.7, 27.8, 30.5 and 31.3°±0.2° 2θ. 42: A process for preparing Pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in water; b) cooling the solution to precipitation; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3. 43: The process of claim 42, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. and wherein the solution in step b) is cooled to a temperature less than 30° C. 44. (canceled) 45: The crystalline Form-L4 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 46, wherein the Form-L4 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 7. 46: Crystalline Form-L4 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.1, 9.5, 11.5, 13.0, 14.1, 15.0, 16.9, 17.7, 18.1, 19.5, 20.6, 21.6, 22.6, 23.1, 23.7, 24.5, 25.4, 26.3, 26.8, 27.3, 28.7, 30.3, 32.1, 33.2, 34.2 and 35.5°±0.2° 2θ. 47: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in ethanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional ethanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4. 48: The process of claim 47, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 70° C. to about 80° C. 49: The crystalline Form-L5 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 50, wherein the Form-L5 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 9. 50: Crystalline Form-L5 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.8, 8.9, 9.8, 11.6, 12.9, 14.0, 14.9, 15.4, 17.0, 18.2, 18.8, 19.6, 20.1, 20.5, 20.8, 21.8, 22.6, 23.5, 24.1, 24.6, 25.5, 26.1, 26.7, 27.4, 28.1, 29.4, 30.7, 30.9, 31.4, 32.1, 32.6 and 34.1°±0.2° 2θ. 51: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in n-propanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional n-propanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5. 52: The process of claim 51, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. 53: Crystalline Form-L6 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 54, wherein the Form-L6 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 12. 54: Crystalline Form-L6 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.4, 9.8, 10.6, 11.1, 12.1, 12.9, 14.1, 15.3, 15.7, 16.2, 16.7, 17.1, 17.9, 18.3, 18.7, 19.1, 20.1, 20.5, 22.7, 23.9, 25.2, 26.3, 28.1, 29.0, 31.6 and 33.5°±0.2° 2θ. 55: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in n-butanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional n-butanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6. 56: The process of claim 55, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 110° C. to about 120° C. 57: Crystalline Form-L7 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 58, wherein the Form-L7 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 15. 58: Crystalline Form-L7 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 5.5, 6.6, 9.6, 10.3, 11.8, 13.6, 14.4, 15.3, 16.2, 16.7, 17.0, 17.7, 19.2, 19.6, 20.2, 20.7, 21.9, 22.4, 23.3, 23.8, 24.1, 24.5, 25.1, 25.8, 26.3, 26.9, 27.3, 27.7, 28.2, 28.8, 29.0, 29.5, 30.4 and 30.9°±0.2° 2θ. 59: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in 2-butanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional 2-butanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7. 60: The process of claim 59, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. 61: Crystalline Form-L8 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 62, wherein the Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 62: Crystalline Form-L8 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.4, 7.9, 10.1, 12.8, 13.2, 13.7, 14.5, 15.1, 16.0, 16.6, 17.0, 17.5, 18.3, 18.6, 19.1, 19.8, 21.3, 22.2, 22.5, 23.2, 23.6, 24.2, 25.1, 25.98, 27.36, 27.8, 29.4, 30.9, 31.5, 34.4 and 36.2°±0.2° 2θ. 63: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8, comprising:
a) condensation of a compound of Formula III and Formula C in tert-butanol in presence of catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid; b) heating the reaction mass to about reflux; c) stirring the step b) solution for about 8 to 12 hours; d) cooling the solution to precipitation; and e) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8. 64: The process of claim 63, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 75° C. to about 85° C. and wherein the step d) is carried out at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 30° C. 65. (canceled) 66: Crystalline Form-L9 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 67, wherein the Form-L9 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 19. 67: Crystalline Form-L9 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.7, 8.7, 9.4, 12.4, 14.4, 14.7, 15.2, 15.8, 17.2, 18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.0, 22.0, 23.2, 25.0, 25.5, 26.3, 27.0, 27.5, 29.4, 30.5, 31.4, 32.2, 33.8, 34.9, 35.7, 37.7, 40.2 and 41.5°±0.2° 2θ. 68: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9, comprising:
a) condensation of compound of Formula III and Formula C in tert-butanol in presence of catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid; b) heating the reaction mass to about reflux; c) stirring the step b) solution for about 2 to 6 hours; d) cooling the solution to precipitation; and e) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9. 69: The process of claim 68, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 75° C. to about 85° C. and wherein the step d) is carried out at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 30° C. 70-84. (canceled) 85: A process preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 in methanol; b) partial evaporation of the solvent from the resultant solution; c) adding hydrochloric acid to the resultant reaction solution of step b); and d) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, wherein the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 86. (canceled) 87: The process of claim 85, wherein the step b) is carried out by removing the solvent under vacuum at about 50° C. to about 55° C. 88: A process preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, comprising:
a) heating pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 up to a temperature of about 180° C.; b) cooling the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-8 after heating in step a) to room temperature; and c) recovering the pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1 wherein the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 89-92. (canceled) 93: The process of claim 31, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L1 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 94: The process of claim 37, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L2 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 95: The process of claim 42, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 96: The process of claim 47, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 97: The process of claim 51, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 98: The process of claim 55, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 99: The process of claim 59, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 100: The process of claim 63, further comprising:
f) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 obtained in step e) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 101: The process of claim 68, further comprising:
f) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9 obtained in step e) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | The present invention is relates to an improved process for the preparation of pazopanib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention also relates to novel polymorphic Forms of pazopanib hydrochloride, and its intermediates thereof.1-28. (canceled) 29: The crystalline Form-L1 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 30, wherein the Form-L1 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 1. 30: Crystalline Form-L1 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.4, 7.0, 9.2, 11.5, 12.4, 14.1, 14.3, 15.8, 16.9, 17.8, 18.9, 19.1, 20.4, 20.7, 21.9, 22.8, 23.8, 24.5, 25.4, 26.7, 27.1, 28.0, 28.5, 29.1, 30.8, 31.3, 31.7, 32.0, 32.5, 33.9 and 35.5°+0.2° 2θ. 31: A process for preparing pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L 1, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in an organic solvent (S4); b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an organic solvent (S5) at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L1. 32: The process of claim 31, wherein the organic solvent (S4 and S5) is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, halogenated solvents, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alcohols are one of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, and wherein the halogenated solvents are one of methylene chloride and chloroform. 33: The process of claim 31, wherein the organic solvent is one of methanol, methylene chloride, or mixtures thereof. 34. (canceled) 35: The crystalline Form-L2 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 36, wherein the Form-L2 is characterized by a power X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 4. 36: Crystalline Form-L2 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a power X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.4, 7.9, 10.4, 12.5, 13.3, 14.1, 14.8, 15.9, 17.4, 19.0, 21.0, 21.5, 22.6, 23.2, 23.7, 24.2, 25.4, 25.8, 26.2, 26.8, 31.0, 32.3 and 32.6°±0.2° 2θ. 37: A process for preparing pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L2, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in methanol; b) cooling the solution to precipitation; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride From-L2. 38. (canceled) 39: The process of claim 37, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 5° C. 40: The crystalline Form-L3 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 41, wherein the Form-L3 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 5. 41: Crystalline Form-L3 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.1, 7.6, 12.0, 13.0, 13.4, 14.4, 15.8, 16.6, 17.7, 18.4, 20.1, 21.4, 22.1, 22.9, 23.7, 24.4, 25.4, 26.4, 26.7, 27.8, 30.5 and 31.3°±0.2° 2θ. 42: A process for preparing Pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in water; b) cooling the solution to precipitation; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3. 43: The process of claim 42, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. and wherein the solution in step b) is cooled to a temperature less than 30° C. 44. (canceled) 45: The crystalline Form-L4 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 46, wherein the Form-L4 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 7. 46: Crystalline Form-L4 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 7.1, 9.5, 11.5, 13.0, 14.1, 15.0, 16.9, 17.7, 18.1, 19.5, 20.6, 21.6, 22.6, 23.1, 23.7, 24.5, 25.4, 26.3, 26.8, 27.3, 28.7, 30.3, 32.1, 33.2, 34.2 and 35.5°±0.2° 2θ. 47: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in ethanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional ethanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4. 48: The process of claim 47, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 70° C. to about 80° C. 49: The crystalline Form-L5 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 50, wherein the Form-L5 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 9. 50: Crystalline Form-L5 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.8, 8.9, 9.8, 11.6, 12.9, 14.0, 14.9, 15.4, 17.0, 18.2, 18.8, 19.6, 20.1, 20.5, 20.8, 21.8, 22.6, 23.5, 24.1, 24.6, 25.5, 26.1, 26.7, 27.4, 28.1, 29.4, 30.7, 30.9, 31.4, 32.1, 32.6 and 34.1°±0.2° 2θ. 51: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in n-propanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional n-propanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5. 52: The process of claim 51, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. 53: Crystalline Form-L6 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 54, wherein the Form-L6 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 12. 54: Crystalline Form-L6 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.4, 9.8, 10.6, 11.1, 12.1, 12.9, 14.1, 15.3, 15.7, 16.2, 16.7, 17.1, 17.9, 18.3, 18.7, 19.1, 20.1, 20.5, 22.7, 23.9, 25.2, 26.3, 28.1, 29.0, 31.6 and 33.5°±0.2° 2θ. 55: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in n-butanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional n-butanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6. 56: The process of claim 55, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 110° C. to about 120° C. 57: Crystalline Form-L7 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 58, wherein the Form-L7 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 15. 58: Crystalline Form-L7 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 5.5, 6.6, 9.6, 10.3, 11.8, 13.6, 14.4, 15.3, 16.2, 16.7, 17.0, 17.7, 19.2, 19.6, 20.2, 20.7, 21.9, 22.4, 23.3, 23.8, 24.1, 24.5, 25.1, 25.8, 26.3, 26.9, 27.3, 27.7, 28.2, 28.8, 29.0, 29.5, 30.4 and 30.9°±0.2° 2θ. 59: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride in 2-butanol; b) combining the step a) reaction mass and an additional 2-butanol at a temperature less than 0° C.; and c) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7. 60: The process of claim 59, wherein the solution in step a) is formed at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 100° C. 61: Crystalline Form-L8 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 62, wherein the Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 62: Crystalline Form-L8 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.4, 7.9, 10.1, 12.8, 13.2, 13.7, 14.5, 15.1, 16.0, 16.6, 17.0, 17.5, 18.3, 18.6, 19.1, 19.8, 21.3, 22.2, 22.5, 23.2, 23.6, 24.2, 25.1, 25.98, 27.36, 27.8, 29.4, 30.9, 31.5, 34.4 and 36.2°±0.2° 2θ. 63: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8, comprising:
a) condensation of a compound of Formula III and Formula C in tert-butanol in presence of catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid; b) heating the reaction mass to about reflux; c) stirring the step b) solution for about 8 to 12 hours; d) cooling the solution to precipitation; and e) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8. 64: The process of claim 63, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 75° C. to about 85° C. and wherein the step d) is carried out at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 30° C. 65. (canceled) 66: Crystalline Form-L9 of pazopanib hydrochloride according to claim 67, wherein the Form-L9 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 19. 67: Crystalline Form-L9 of pazopanib hydrochloride characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern having peaks at about 6.7, 8.7, 9.4, 12.4, 14.4, 14.7, 15.2, 15.8, 17.2, 18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.0, 22.0, 23.2, 25.0, 25.5, 26.3, 27.0, 27.5, 29.4, 30.5, 31.4, 32.2, 33.8, 34.9, 35.7, 37.7, 40.2 and 41.5°±0.2° 2θ. 68: A process for preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9, comprising:
a) condensation of compound of Formula III and Formula C in tert-butanol in presence of catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid; b) heating the reaction mass to about reflux; c) stirring the step b) solution for about 2 to 6 hours; d) cooling the solution to precipitation; and e) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9. 69: The process of claim 68, wherein the step b) is carried out at a temperature of about 75° C. to about 85° C. and wherein the step d) is carried out at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 30° C. 70-84. (canceled) 85: A process preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, comprising:
a) providing a solution of pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 in methanol; b) partial evaporation of the solvent from the resultant solution; c) adding hydrochloric acid to the resultant reaction solution of step b); and d) isolating the pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, wherein the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 86. (canceled) 87: The process of claim 85, wherein the step b) is carried out by removing the solvent under vacuum at about 50° C. to about 55° C. 88: A process preparation of pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1, comprising:
a) heating pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 up to a temperature of about 180° C.; b) cooling the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-8 after heating in step a) to room temperature; and c) recovering the pazopanib hydrochloride Form 1 wherein the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 is characterized by a powder X-Ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 16. 89-92. (canceled) 93: The process of claim 31, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L1 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 94: The process of claim 37, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L2 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 95: The process of claim 42, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L3 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 96: The process of claim 47, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L4 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 97: The process of claim 51, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L5 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 98: The process of claim 55, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L6 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 99: The process of claim 59, further comprising:
d) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L7 obtained in step c) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 100: The process of claim 63, further comprising:
f) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L8 obtained in step e) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 101: The process of claim 68, further comprising:
f) preparing a pharmaceutical composition using the pazopanib hydrochloride Form-L9 obtained in step e) with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | 2,600 |
341,871 | 16,802,225 | 2,696 | In an illustrative embodiment, methods and systems for identifying prospective new clients based upon review of current clients include accessing a book of business of a user of a transactional platform to identify current clients, identifying, key terms relevant to each of the clients, automatically performing Internet searches, each search using different groupings of the key terms, automatically deriving from web sites of the search results information regarding a number of prospects, and presenting prospect information to the user. The key terms may be identified through performing web searches and web scraping of online information related to the current clients. The clients may be categorized based upon organizational attributes prior to searching. An initial set or sets of key terms may be filtered through performing a number of data analyses on the key terms. | 1. A method for identifying prospective new clients based upon review of a plurality of current clients, comprising:
receiving, from a user of a transactional platform via a computing device, a request for prospective client identification; identifying, by processing circuitry, a plurality of clients associated with the user; identifying, by the processing circuitry for each organization of the plurality of organizations, a plurality of key terms relevant to the respective organization; automatically performing, by the processing circuitry a plurality of Internet searches, each search using different groupings of the plurality of key terms relevant to the plurality of organizations, the plurality of Internet searches resulting in a plurality of web sites; automatically deriving, by the processing circuitry from at least a portion of the plurality of web sites, prospect information for a plurality of prospect organizations, wherein, for each prospect organization, the prospect information comprises a prospect organization name; and causing presentation of the prospect information to a user of a computing device. 2-20. (canceled) | In an illustrative embodiment, methods and systems for identifying prospective new clients based upon review of current clients include accessing a book of business of a user of a transactional platform to identify current clients, identifying, key terms relevant to each of the clients, automatically performing Internet searches, each search using different groupings of the key terms, automatically deriving from web sites of the search results information regarding a number of prospects, and presenting prospect information to the user. The key terms may be identified through performing web searches and web scraping of online information related to the current clients. The clients may be categorized based upon organizational attributes prior to searching. An initial set or sets of key terms may be filtered through performing a number of data analyses on the key terms.1. A method for identifying prospective new clients based upon review of a plurality of current clients, comprising:
receiving, from a user of a transactional platform via a computing device, a request for prospective client identification; identifying, by processing circuitry, a plurality of clients associated with the user; identifying, by the processing circuitry for each organization of the plurality of organizations, a plurality of key terms relevant to the respective organization; automatically performing, by the processing circuitry a plurality of Internet searches, each search using different groupings of the plurality of key terms relevant to the plurality of organizations, the plurality of Internet searches resulting in a plurality of web sites; automatically deriving, by the processing circuitry from at least a portion of the plurality of web sites, prospect information for a plurality of prospect organizations, wherein, for each prospect organization, the prospect information comprises a prospect organization name; and causing presentation of the prospect information to a user of a computing device. 2-20. (canceled) | 2,600 |
341,872 | 16,802,235 | 2,696 | A push-button structure includes: a mounting body, an outer surface of the mounting body being at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole; a first magnetic component, located in the blind hole; a second magnetic component, located on an inner surface of the mounting body and distributed symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and an elastic block, located in the blind hole and having a first form without an external action and a second form under an external action. | 1. A push-button structure, comprising:
a mounting body, wherein an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole; a first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole; a second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and an elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole, the elastic block having a first form without any external action and a second form under an external action, wherein when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 2. The push-button structure according to claim 1, comprising:
a push-button housing, disposed on an outer surface of the first magnetic component and configured to receive the external action. 3. The push-button structure according to claim 2, wherein
the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and a bottom of the blind hole; or, the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole. 4. The push-button structure according to claim 3, wherein
the elastic block that is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole comprise s elastic plastic; when the elastic plastic is in the first form, the elastic plastic has a first length; when the elastic plastic is in the second form, the elastic plastic has a second length; and the second length is smaller than the first length. 5. The push-button structure according to claim 3, wherein the elastic block comprises at least one spring;
when the at least one spring is disposed between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole to change a length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form; or when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole to change the length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form. 6. The push-button structure according to claim 5, wherein
when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the length of the at least one spring in the first form is greater than a thickness of the first magnetic component. 7. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein a partition is provided in the blind hole, and a receiving space is formed between the partition and a bottom of the blind hole;
when the elastic block is in the first form, the first magnetic component is located in the blind hole outside the receiving space; and when the elastic block is in the second form, the first magnetic component at least partially enters the receiving space through an opening of the partition. 8. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein the second magnet is configured to:
generate a first magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the first form to the second form, to trigger an electronic device to execute functions corresponding to the push-button structure; and generate a second magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the second form to the first form, to stop executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure. 9. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic component comprises:
a detector, configured to generate the magnetic signal when a distance to the first magnetic component changes; a signal converter, connected to the detector, and configured to:
convert the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal by using a first sub-converter when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and
convert the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal by using a second sub-converter when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to the preset direction; and
a controller, connected to the signal converter, and configured to:
generate a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal, and
generate a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. 10. An electronic device, comprising:
a push-button structure, which comprises:
a mounting body, wherein the mounting body is a middle frame of the electronic device, and an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole;
a first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole;
a second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and
an elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole and having a first form without an external action and a second form under an external action,
wherein when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance; and
a device body, which is disposed in the middle frame and comprises a functional element, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to a magnetic signal output by the push-button structure. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a rear cover, covering a back of the device body and connected to the middle frame, wherein a width of a joint between the rear cover and the middle frame is greater than a preset width; and a push-button housing, disposed on an outer surface of the first magnetic component and configured to receive the external action. 12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein
the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and a bottom of the blind hole; or, the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole. 13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein
the elastic block that is disposed at least partially between the first magnet and the bottom of the blind hole comprises elastic plastic; when the elastic plastic is in the first form, the elastic plastic has a first length; when the elastic plastic is in the second form, the elastic plastic has a second length; and the second length is smaller than the first length. 14. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the elastic block comprises at least one spring;
when the at least one spring is disposed between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole to change a length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form; or when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole to change the length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form, wherein the length of the at least one spring in the first form is greater than a thickness of the first magnetic component. 15. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein a partition is provided in the blind hole, and a receiving space is formed between the partition and a bottom of the blind hole;
when the elastic block is in the first form, the first magnetic component is located in the blind hole outside the receiving space; and when the elastic block is in the second form, the first magnetic component at least partially enters the receiving space through an opening of the partition. 16. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the second magnet is configured to:
generate a first magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the first form to the second form, to trigger an electronic device to execute functions corresponding to the push-button structure; and generate a second magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the second form to the first form, to stop executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure. 17. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the second magnetic component comprises:
a detector, configured to generate the magnetic signal when a distance to the first magnetic component changes; a signal converter, connected to the detector, and configured to:
convert the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal by using a first sub-converter when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and
convert the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal by using a second sub-converter when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to the preset direction; and
a controller, connected to the signal converter, and configured to:
generate a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal, and
generate a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. 18. A control method for an electronic device, comprising:
generating a magnetic signal corresponding to a distance between a second magnetic component and a first magnetic component in a push-button structure by the second magnetic component, wherein the distance between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component changes under an external action, an elastic block in the push-button structure has a first form without the external action and a second form under the external action; when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance; and executing or stopping executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal, wherein the electronic device comprises:
the push-button structure, which comprises:
a mounting body, wherein the mounting body is a middle frame of the electronic device, and an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole;
the first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole;
the second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on the distance between the second magnetic component and the first magnetic component, the magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and
the elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole and having the first form without the external action and the second form under the external action; and
a device body, which is disposed in the middle frame and comprises a functional element. 19. The control method according to claim 18, wherein executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal comprises:
converting the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and generating a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal. 20. The control method according to claim 19, wherein stopping executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal comprises:
converting the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to a preset direction, and generating a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. | A push-button structure includes: a mounting body, an outer surface of the mounting body being at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole; a first magnetic component, located in the blind hole; a second magnetic component, located on an inner surface of the mounting body and distributed symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and an elastic block, located in the blind hole and having a first form without an external action and a second form under an external action.1. A push-button structure, comprising:
a mounting body, wherein an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole; a first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole; a second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and an elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole, the elastic block having a first form without any external action and a second form under an external action, wherein when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance. 2. The push-button structure according to claim 1, comprising:
a push-button housing, disposed on an outer surface of the first magnetic component and configured to receive the external action. 3. The push-button structure according to claim 2, wherein
the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and a bottom of the blind hole; or, the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole. 4. The push-button structure according to claim 3, wherein
the elastic block that is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole comprise s elastic plastic; when the elastic plastic is in the first form, the elastic plastic has a first length; when the elastic plastic is in the second form, the elastic plastic has a second length; and the second length is smaller than the first length. 5. The push-button structure according to claim 3, wherein the elastic block comprises at least one spring;
when the at least one spring is disposed between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole to change a length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form; or when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole to change the length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form. 6. The push-button structure according to claim 5, wherein
when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the length of the at least one spring in the first form is greater than a thickness of the first magnetic component. 7. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein a partition is provided in the blind hole, and a receiving space is formed between the partition and a bottom of the blind hole;
when the elastic block is in the first form, the first magnetic component is located in the blind hole outside the receiving space; and when the elastic block is in the second form, the first magnetic component at least partially enters the receiving space through an opening of the partition. 8. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein the second magnet is configured to:
generate a first magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the first form to the second form, to trigger an electronic device to execute functions corresponding to the push-button structure; and generate a second magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the second form to the first form, to stop executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure. 9. The push-button structure according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic component comprises:
a detector, configured to generate the magnetic signal when a distance to the first magnetic component changes; a signal converter, connected to the detector, and configured to:
convert the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal by using a first sub-converter when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and
convert the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal by using a second sub-converter when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to the preset direction; and
a controller, connected to the signal converter, and configured to:
generate a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal, and
generate a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. 10. An electronic device, comprising:
a push-button structure, which comprises:
a mounting body, wherein the mounting body is a middle frame of the electronic device, and an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole;
a first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole;
a second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on a distance to the first magnetic component, a magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and
an elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole and having a first form without an external action and a second form under an external action,
wherein when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance; and
a device body, which is disposed in the middle frame and comprises a functional element, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to a magnetic signal output by the push-button structure. 11. The electronic device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a rear cover, covering a back of the device body and connected to the middle frame, wherein a width of a joint between the rear cover and the middle frame is greater than a preset width; and a push-button housing, disposed on an outer surface of the first magnetic component and configured to receive the external action. 12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein
the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the first magnetic component and a bottom of the blind hole; or, the elastic block is disposed at least partially between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole. 13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein
the elastic block that is disposed at least partially between the first magnet and the bottom of the blind hole comprises elastic plastic; when the elastic plastic is in the first form, the elastic plastic has a first length; when the elastic plastic is in the second form, the elastic plastic has a second length; and the second length is smaller than the first length. 14. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the elastic block comprises at least one spring;
when the at least one spring is disposed between the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the first magnetic component and the bottom of the blind hole to change a length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form; or when the at least one spring is disposed between the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole, the at least one spring is capable of being compressed by the push-button housing and the bottom of the blind hole to change the length of the at least one spring when being switched between the first form and the second form, wherein the length of the at least one spring in the first form is greater than a thickness of the first magnetic component. 15. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein a partition is provided in the blind hole, and a receiving space is formed between the partition and a bottom of the blind hole;
when the elastic block is in the first form, the first magnetic component is located in the blind hole outside the receiving space; and when the elastic block is in the second form, the first magnetic component at least partially enters the receiving space through an opening of the partition. 16. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the second magnet is configured to:
generate a first magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the first form to the second form, to trigger an electronic device to execute functions corresponding to the push-button structure; and generate a second magnetic signal, when the elastic block is switched from the second form to the first form, to stop executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure. 17. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the second magnetic component comprises:
a detector, configured to generate the magnetic signal when a distance to the first magnetic component changes; a signal converter, connected to the detector, and configured to:
convert the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal by using a first sub-converter when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and
convert the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal by using a second sub-converter when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to the preset direction; and
a controller, connected to the signal converter, and configured to:
generate a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal, and
generate a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. 18. A control method for an electronic device, comprising:
generating a magnetic signal corresponding to a distance between a second magnetic component and a first magnetic component in a push-button structure by the second magnetic component, wherein the distance between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component changes under an external action, an elastic block in the push-button structure has a first form without the external action and a second form under the external action; when the elastic block is in the first form, a first distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; when the elastic block is in the second form, a second distance exists between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component; and the first distance is greater than the second distance; and executing or stopping executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal, wherein the electronic device comprises:
the push-button structure, which comprises:
a mounting body, wherein the mounting body is a middle frame of the electronic device, and an outer surface of the mounting body is at least partially recessed inward to form a blind hole;
the first magnetic component, disposed at least partially in the blind hole;
the second magnetic component, disposed at least partially on an inner surface of the mounting body and positioned symmetrically with the first magnetic component on an opposite side of the mounting body, for generating, based on the distance between the second magnetic component and the first magnetic component, the magnetic signal corresponding to the distance; and
the elastic block, disposed at least partially in the blind hole and having the first form without the external action and the second form under the external action; and
a device body, which is disposed in the middle frame and comprises a functional element. 19. The control method according to claim 18, wherein executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal comprises:
converting the magnetic signal into a first voltage signal when a direction of the magnetic signal is consistent with a preset direction, and generating a first driving signal when the first voltage signal satisfies a preset condition, wherein the electronic device executes the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the first driving signal. 20. The control method according to claim 19, wherein stopping executing functions corresponding to the push-button structure based on the magnetic signal comprises:
converting the magnetic signal into a second voltage signal when the direction of the magnetic signal is opposite to a preset direction, and generating a second driving signal when the second voltage signal satisfies the preset condition, wherein the electronic device stops executing the functions corresponding to the push-button structure according to the second driving signal. | 2,600 |
341,873 | 16,802,245 | 2,696 | A conveyance apparatus according to an embodiment includes a fork unit, a lift unit, a movable cart unit, an auxiliary leg, and a distal end support mechanism. The lift unit is configured to drive the fork unit upward and downward. The movable cart unit is configured to support the lift unit and be movable on a traveling surface by driving a drive wheel. The auxiliary leg unit is provided for the movable cart unit, and is movable along a longitudinal direction of the fork unit and having an auxiliary wheel a position of which is changeable relative to the movable cart unit. The distal end support mechanism is provided on a distal end side of the fork unit and is switchable between a non-contact state with the traveling surface and a contact state with the traveling surface. | 1. A conveyance apparatus comprising:
a fork unit; a lift unit configured to drive the fork unit upward and downward; a movable cart unit configured to support the lift unit and be movable on a traveling surface by driving a drive wheel; an auxiliary leg unit provided for the movable cart unit, the auxiliary leg unit being movable along a longitudinal direction of the fork unit and having an auxiliary wheel a position of which is changeable relative to the movable cart unit; and a distal end support mechanism provided on a distal end side of the fork unit, the distal end support mechanism being switchable between a non-contact state with the traveling surface and a contact state with the traveling surface. 2. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lift unit is configured to lift the fork unit in a linked manner with switching of a state of the distal end support mechanism from the non-contact state with the traveling surface to the contact state with the traveling surface. 3. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wheel is provided at a position of the distal end support mechanism that is brought into contact with the traveling surface. 4. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary leg unit is configured such that, in a state where a load is lifted by the fork unit and the distal end support mechanism is brought into contact with the traveling surface, a position at which the auxiliary wheel is brought into contact with the traveling surface is changed from a position that is apart from a underside of the load to a position that is the underside of the load. 5. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the traveling surface has a stepped portion, the distal end support mechanism is brought into contact with the traveling surface to float the auxiliary wheel of the auxiliary leg unit from the traveling surface. 6. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cart unit is made apart from the traveling surface by allowing the lift unit to drive the fork unit downward in a state where the fork unit or a load supported by the fork unit is in contact with a platform. 7. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary leg unit includes a brake mechanism that stops a rotation of the auxiliary wheel. 8. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire anterior information indicative of an anterior state of the fork unit; and a movement control unit configured to control movement of the movable cart unit based on the anterior information. 9. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a stepped portion detection unit configured to detect a stepped portion of the traveling surface based on the anterior information; and a stepped portion get-over control unit configured to control an operation of the distal end support mechanism and an operation of the auxiliary leg unit such that the movable cart unit gets over the stepped portion. 10. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a load weight detection unit configured to detect a weight of a load supported by the fork unit; a gravity center position calculation unit configured to calculate a position of a center of gravity of the conveyance apparatus that conveys the load based on the weight of the load; and an overturning prevention control unit configured to determine whether or not the conveyance apparatus overturns when the conveyance apparatus conveys the load based on the position of the center of gravity and movement acceleration/deceleration of the movable cart unit that is set, the overturning prevention control unit being configured to, when the overturning prevention control unit determines that the conveyance apparatus overturns, bring the distal end support mechanism in the non-contact state with the traveling surface into contact with the traveling surface, move the auxiliary leg unit such that the auxiliary wheel is brought into contact with the traveling surface behind the drive wheel, or reduce the movement acceleration/deceleration. | A conveyance apparatus according to an embodiment includes a fork unit, a lift unit, a movable cart unit, an auxiliary leg, and a distal end support mechanism. The lift unit is configured to drive the fork unit upward and downward. The movable cart unit is configured to support the lift unit and be movable on a traveling surface by driving a drive wheel. The auxiliary leg unit is provided for the movable cart unit, and is movable along a longitudinal direction of the fork unit and having an auxiliary wheel a position of which is changeable relative to the movable cart unit. The distal end support mechanism is provided on a distal end side of the fork unit and is switchable between a non-contact state with the traveling surface and a contact state with the traveling surface.1. A conveyance apparatus comprising:
a fork unit; a lift unit configured to drive the fork unit upward and downward; a movable cart unit configured to support the lift unit and be movable on a traveling surface by driving a drive wheel; an auxiliary leg unit provided for the movable cart unit, the auxiliary leg unit being movable along a longitudinal direction of the fork unit and having an auxiliary wheel a position of which is changeable relative to the movable cart unit; and a distal end support mechanism provided on a distal end side of the fork unit, the distal end support mechanism being switchable between a non-contact state with the traveling surface and a contact state with the traveling surface. 2. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lift unit is configured to lift the fork unit in a linked manner with switching of a state of the distal end support mechanism from the non-contact state with the traveling surface to the contact state with the traveling surface. 3. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wheel is provided at a position of the distal end support mechanism that is brought into contact with the traveling surface. 4. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary leg unit is configured such that, in a state where a load is lifted by the fork unit and the distal end support mechanism is brought into contact with the traveling surface, a position at which the auxiliary wheel is brought into contact with the traveling surface is changed from a position that is apart from a underside of the load to a position that is the underside of the load. 5. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the traveling surface has a stepped portion, the distal end support mechanism is brought into contact with the traveling surface to float the auxiliary wheel of the auxiliary leg unit from the traveling surface. 6. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the movable cart unit is made apart from the traveling surface by allowing the lift unit to drive the fork unit downward in a state where the fork unit or a load supported by the fork unit is in contact with a platform. 7. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary leg unit includes a brake mechanism that stops a rotation of the auxiliary wheel. 8. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire anterior information indicative of an anterior state of the fork unit; and a movement control unit configured to control movement of the movable cart unit based on the anterior information. 9. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a stepped portion detection unit configured to detect a stepped portion of the traveling surface based on the anterior information; and a stepped portion get-over control unit configured to control an operation of the distal end support mechanism and an operation of the auxiliary leg unit such that the movable cart unit gets over the stepped portion. 10. The conveyance apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a load weight detection unit configured to detect a weight of a load supported by the fork unit; a gravity center position calculation unit configured to calculate a position of a center of gravity of the conveyance apparatus that conveys the load based on the weight of the load; and an overturning prevention control unit configured to determine whether or not the conveyance apparatus overturns when the conveyance apparatus conveys the load based on the position of the center of gravity and movement acceleration/deceleration of the movable cart unit that is set, the overturning prevention control unit being configured to, when the overturning prevention control unit determines that the conveyance apparatus overturns, bring the distal end support mechanism in the non-contact state with the traveling surface into contact with the traveling surface, move the auxiliary leg unit such that the auxiliary wheel is brought into contact with the traveling surface behind the drive wheel, or reduce the movement acceleration/deceleration. | 2,600 |
341,874 | 16,802,239 | 2,696 | An always-on system with multi-layer power management includes an always-on portion that is powered in shutdown state and all power states while rest portions of the system are not powered in the shutdown state; a memory unit that is powered in sleep state to retain data in the memory unit; an input interface that is powered only in event detection state, in which at least one captured image is received from an image sensor, the event detection state beginning when a trigger signal is issued; an event monitor that detects motion in the captured image; a digital signal processor (DSP) that is powered only in computer vision state to perform image identification on the captured image if motion is detected; and an output interface is powered only in the computer vision state, a result of the DSP being outputted via the output interface. | 1. An always-on system with multi-layer power management, having power states of shutdown, sleep, event detection and computer vision, the system comprising:
an always-on portion that is powered in the shutdown state and all the power states while rest portions of the system are not powered in the shutdown state; a memory unit that is powered in the sleep state to retain data in the memory unit; an input interface that is powered only in the event detection state, in which at least one captured image is received from an image sensor, the event detection state beginning when a trigger signal is issued; an event monitor that detects motion in the captured image; a digital signal processor (DSP) that is powered only in the computer vision state to perform image identification on the captured image if motion is detected; an output interface that is powered only in the computer vision state, a result of the DSP being outputted via the output interface; and an oscillator that is powered in the event detection state to regulate the input interface. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is disposed in a system on chip (SoC). 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the always-on portion comprises a power management unit. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the power management unit comprises a voltage regulator. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the always-on portion further comprises:
a timer that counts down from a predetermined time interval and issues a first trigger signal indicating the time interval has expired to begin the event detection state. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the always-on portion further comprises:
a non-image sensing unit that detects an event notified by an external sensor and issues a second trigger signal indicating a predetermined event has happened to begin the event detection state. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the external sensor comprises a passive infrared (PIR) sensor, an ambient light sensor, a temperature sensor or a voice sensor. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the event monitor is disposed in the image sensor, and the event monitor notifies the non-image sensing unit when motion is detected by the event monitor and the computer vision state begins. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory unit is powered off only in the shutdown state. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the event detection state is divided into two sub-states: trigger sub-state and receive sub-state, which are carried out in sequence. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the input interface outputs a clock signal and a control signal, in the trigger sub-state, to the image sensor in order to activate the image sensor. 12. (canceled) 13. The system of claim 10, further comprising a data bus and an encoder that are powered in the receive sub-state, wherein the capture image is received via the data bus and then be encoded by the encoder before being subjected to motion detection by the event monitor. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the data bus and the encoder are powered only in the receive sub-state. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the data bus, the encoder and the event monitor are powered in the event detection state. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the memory unit is powered in the receive sub-state with a supply voltage larger than a supply voltage used in the sleep state. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the DSP has processing capability being substantially greater than the event monitor. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the result of the DSP is outputted to and stored in an external memory unit via the output interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the external memory unit stores a predetermined database, which is utilized to support the image identification performed by the DSP. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the event monitor is powered only in the event detection state. | An always-on system with multi-layer power management includes an always-on portion that is powered in shutdown state and all power states while rest portions of the system are not powered in the shutdown state; a memory unit that is powered in sleep state to retain data in the memory unit; an input interface that is powered only in event detection state, in which at least one captured image is received from an image sensor, the event detection state beginning when a trigger signal is issued; an event monitor that detects motion in the captured image; a digital signal processor (DSP) that is powered only in computer vision state to perform image identification on the captured image if motion is detected; and an output interface is powered only in the computer vision state, a result of the DSP being outputted via the output interface.1. An always-on system with multi-layer power management, having power states of shutdown, sleep, event detection and computer vision, the system comprising:
an always-on portion that is powered in the shutdown state and all the power states while rest portions of the system are not powered in the shutdown state; a memory unit that is powered in the sleep state to retain data in the memory unit; an input interface that is powered only in the event detection state, in which at least one captured image is received from an image sensor, the event detection state beginning when a trigger signal is issued; an event monitor that detects motion in the captured image; a digital signal processor (DSP) that is powered only in the computer vision state to perform image identification on the captured image if motion is detected; an output interface that is powered only in the computer vision state, a result of the DSP being outputted via the output interface; and an oscillator that is powered in the event detection state to regulate the input interface. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is disposed in a system on chip (SoC). 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the always-on portion comprises a power management unit. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the power management unit comprises a voltage regulator. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the always-on portion further comprises:
a timer that counts down from a predetermined time interval and issues a first trigger signal indicating the time interval has expired to begin the event detection state. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the always-on portion further comprises:
a non-image sensing unit that detects an event notified by an external sensor and issues a second trigger signal indicating a predetermined event has happened to begin the event detection state. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the external sensor comprises a passive infrared (PIR) sensor, an ambient light sensor, a temperature sensor or a voice sensor. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the event monitor is disposed in the image sensor, and the event monitor notifies the non-image sensing unit when motion is detected by the event monitor and the computer vision state begins. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory unit is powered off only in the shutdown state. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the event detection state is divided into two sub-states: trigger sub-state and receive sub-state, which are carried out in sequence. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the input interface outputs a clock signal and a control signal, in the trigger sub-state, to the image sensor in order to activate the image sensor. 12. (canceled) 13. The system of claim 10, further comprising a data bus and an encoder that are powered in the receive sub-state, wherein the capture image is received via the data bus and then be encoded by the encoder before being subjected to motion detection by the event monitor. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the data bus and the encoder are powered only in the receive sub-state. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the data bus, the encoder and the event monitor are powered in the event detection state. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the memory unit is powered in the receive sub-state with a supply voltage larger than a supply voltage used in the sleep state. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the DSP has processing capability being substantially greater than the event monitor. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the result of the DSP is outputted to and stored in an external memory unit via the output interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the external memory unit stores a predetermined database, which is utilized to support the image identification performed by the DSP. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the event monitor is powered only in the event detection state. | 2,600 |
341,875 | 16,802,227 | 2,696 | A core member and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the core member comprises a first portion including first and second materials, and a second portion distal to the first portion and including only the first material. The first and second portions can each be tapered in a continuous or discontinuous manner. The second portion can have a minimum length that is substantially straight and heat-treated or aged to have a minimum strength modulus. | 1. A stent delivery system, comprising:
a core member including—
a first portion comprising a first material and a second material surrounding the first material along a length of the first portion, the first material extending along substantially an entire length of the core member, and
a second portion distal to the first portion and comprising only the first material, the second portion being tapered in a distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the second portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the second portion, the second portion having a minimum length of 1.0 inches; and
a stent carried by the core member. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the minimum length is at least 5 inches. 3. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outermost cross-sectional of the distal end of the second portion is no more than 0.0025 inches. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outermost cross-sectional of the distal end of the second portion is no more than 0.006 inches. 5. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the core member is ground such that the core member has a ground length of at least 20 inches and an unground length of at least 30 inches. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second portion is heat-treated or aged. 7. The delivery system of claim 6, wherein a modulus of the core member measured at the distal end of the second portion is at least 80 GPa. 8. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second portion includes a first area having a first strength modulus and a second area having a second strength modulus greater than the first strength modulus, the second area being distal and tapered relative to the first area. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises titanium beta III. 10. The delivery system of claim 9, wherein the second material comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy or 35N LT. 11. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second material in the first portion comprises a first thickness, the core member further comprising a third portion between the first and second portions, the third portion comprising the first material and the second material surrounding the first material, the second material in the third portion having a second thickness less than the first thickness. 12. A core member for use in delivering a medical device, comprising:
a first material extending along an entire length of the core member, the first material being tapered in a distal direction such that a thickness of the first material at a proximal end of the core member is greater than a thickness of the first material at a distal end of the core member, a second material surrounding the first material for at least a portion of the length of the core member, the second material being tapered in the distal direction such that a thickness of the second material at the proximal end is greater than a thickness of the second material at the distal end, and a distalmost section comprising (i) only the first material, (ii) an outermost cross-sectional dimension of no more than 0.070 inches, and (iii) a length of at least 0.5 inches, the distalmost section being substantially straight. 13. The core member of claim 12, wherein the distalmost section is heat-treated or aged. 14. The core member of claim 12, wherein a modulus of the distalmost section is at least 60 GPa. 15. The core member of claim 12, wherein the distalmost section is substantially straight when unstressed. 16. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises titanium beta III and the second material comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy or 35N LT. 17. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises platinum and the second material comprises 35N LT. 18. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises platinum and the second material comprises nitinol. 19. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises nitinol and the second material comprises 35N LT. 20. A method of manufacturing a core member for use in delivering a medical device, comprising:
providing a first elongate structure comprising a first material and a second material surrounding the first material, the first and second materials extending along a length of the first elongate structure; and removing portions of the first elongate structure to form a second elongate structure, the second elongate structure comprising (i) a first portion including the first and second materials, and (ii) a second portion distal to the first portion and including only the first material,
wherein—
the first portion is tapered in a distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the first portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the first portion,
the second portion is tapered in the distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the second portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the second portion, and
the second portion has a length of at least 1.0 inches. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising applying heat to the first portion, the second portion, or the first and second portions to increase a strength modulus thereof. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein applying heat comprising applying heat at a predetermined temperature of at least 350° C. for a period of time of at least 60 minutes. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat to the first and second materials of the second portion, and wherein removing comprises removing portions of first elongate structure after applying heat. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein after removing portions of the first elongate structure, a distalmost section of the second portion does not exhibit curling or pig tailing. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat such that a modulus of the heated second material of the second portion is at least 60 GPa. | A core member and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the core member comprises a first portion including first and second materials, and a second portion distal to the first portion and including only the first material. The first and second portions can each be tapered in a continuous or discontinuous manner. The second portion can have a minimum length that is substantially straight and heat-treated or aged to have a minimum strength modulus.1. A stent delivery system, comprising:
a core member including—
a first portion comprising a first material and a second material surrounding the first material along a length of the first portion, the first material extending along substantially an entire length of the core member, and
a second portion distal to the first portion and comprising only the first material, the second portion being tapered in a distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the second portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the second portion, the second portion having a minimum length of 1.0 inches; and
a stent carried by the core member. 2. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the minimum length is at least 5 inches. 3. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outermost cross-sectional of the distal end of the second portion is no more than 0.0025 inches. 4. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the outermost cross-sectional of the distal end of the second portion is no more than 0.006 inches. 5. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the core member is ground such that the core member has a ground length of at least 20 inches and an unground length of at least 30 inches. 6. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second portion is heat-treated or aged. 7. The delivery system of claim 6, wherein a modulus of the core member measured at the distal end of the second portion is at least 80 GPa. 8. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second portion includes a first area having a first strength modulus and a second area having a second strength modulus greater than the first strength modulus, the second area being distal and tapered relative to the first area. 9. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises titanium beta III. 10. The delivery system of claim 9, wherein the second material comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy or 35N LT. 11. The delivery system of claim 1, wherein the second material in the first portion comprises a first thickness, the core member further comprising a third portion between the first and second portions, the third portion comprising the first material and the second material surrounding the first material, the second material in the third portion having a second thickness less than the first thickness. 12. A core member for use in delivering a medical device, comprising:
a first material extending along an entire length of the core member, the first material being tapered in a distal direction such that a thickness of the first material at a proximal end of the core member is greater than a thickness of the first material at a distal end of the core member, a second material surrounding the first material for at least a portion of the length of the core member, the second material being tapered in the distal direction such that a thickness of the second material at the proximal end is greater than a thickness of the second material at the distal end, and a distalmost section comprising (i) only the first material, (ii) an outermost cross-sectional dimension of no more than 0.070 inches, and (iii) a length of at least 0.5 inches, the distalmost section being substantially straight. 13. The core member of claim 12, wherein the distalmost section is heat-treated or aged. 14. The core member of claim 12, wherein a modulus of the distalmost section is at least 60 GPa. 15. The core member of claim 12, wherein the distalmost section is substantially straight when unstressed. 16. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises titanium beta III and the second material comprises a cobalt-chromium alloy or 35N LT. 17. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises platinum and the second material comprises 35N LT. 18. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises platinum and the second material comprises nitinol. 19. The core member of claim 12, wherein the first material comprises nitinol and the second material comprises 35N LT. 20. A method of manufacturing a core member for use in delivering a medical device, comprising:
providing a first elongate structure comprising a first material and a second material surrounding the first material, the first and second materials extending along a length of the first elongate structure; and removing portions of the first elongate structure to form a second elongate structure, the second elongate structure comprising (i) a first portion including the first and second materials, and (ii) a second portion distal to the first portion and including only the first material,
wherein—
the first portion is tapered in a distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the first portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the first portion,
the second portion is tapered in the distal direction such that an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a proximal end of the second portion is greater than an outermost cross-sectional dimension at a distal end of the second portion, and
the second portion has a length of at least 1.0 inches. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising applying heat to the first portion, the second portion, or the first and second portions to increase a strength modulus thereof. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein applying heat comprising applying heat at a predetermined temperature of at least 350° C. for a period of time of at least 60 minutes. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat to the first and second materials of the second portion, and wherein removing comprises removing portions of first elongate structure after applying heat. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein after removing portions of the first elongate structure, a distalmost section of the second portion does not exhibit curling or pig tailing. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein applying heat comprises applying heat such that a modulus of the heated second material of the second portion is at least 60 GPa. | 2,600 |
341,876 | 16,802,256 | 2,696 | A system and a method are disclosed for connecting similar subscription users. The system may receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user. The system may execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users. The system may transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user. The system may connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; executing a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmitting a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connecting, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising inferring the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identifying the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the link identifies similar preferences and characteristics between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a group chat with the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a similarity is based on at least one of user preferences, subscription tiers, demographic information, travel history, or future travel itineraries. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for connecting similar subscription accommodation users, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to infer the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to:
determine a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identify the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the link identifies similar preferences and characteristics between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to establish a group chat with the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein a similarity is based on at least one of user preferences, subscription tiers, demographic information, travel history, or future travel itineraries. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to calculate a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 17. A system for connecting similar subscription accommodation users, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 19. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to infer the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 20. The system of claim 19, the instructions further causing the processor to:
determine a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identify the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. | A system and a method are disclosed for connecting similar subscription users. The system may receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user. The system may execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users. The system may transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user. The system may connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; executing a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmitting a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connecting, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising inferring the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identifying the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the link identifies similar preferences and characteristics between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a group chat with the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a similarity is based on at least one of user preferences, subscription tiers, demographic information, travel history, or future travel itineraries. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising calculating a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions encoded thereon for connecting similar subscription accommodation users, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising instructions to:
receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to infer the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to:
determine a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identify the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the link identifies similar preferences and characteristics between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, the operations further comprising instructions to establish a group chat with the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein a similarity is based on at least one of user preferences, subscription tiers, demographic information, travel history, or future travel itineraries. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising instructions to calculate a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the similar subscription living user. 17. A system for connecting similar subscription accommodation users, the system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:
receive a request from a requesting subscription living user to connect to a similar subscription living user; execute a similarity algorithm to identify one or more similar subscription living users, wherein the similarity algorithm calculates a similarity score between the requesting subscription living user and the one or more similar subscription living users; transmit a link to the requesting subscription living user for display on a client device of the requesting subscription living user, the link enabling the requesting subscription living user to contact a similar subscription living user of the one or more similar subscription living users without providing personally identifiable information of the similar subscription living user; and connect, in response to an input from the requesting subscription living user to the client device, the requesting subscription living user to the one or more similar subscription living users. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the request comprises a question for the similar subscription living user. 19. The system of claim 17, the instructions further causing the processor to infer the request in response to the requesting subscription living user booking an accommodation. 20. The system of claim 19, the instructions further causing the processor to:
determine a series of locations that the requesting subscription living user is planning on visiting; and identify the one or more similar subscription living users based on the series of locations. | 2,600 |
341,877 | 16,802,206 | 2,696 | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst for a fuel cell. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst uses a relatively lower amount of chemical substances as compared to the conventional methods and thus is eco-friendly, uses no liquid through the whole process and avoids a need for additional steps for separating and/or washing the catalyst after its synthesis, thereby allowing simplification of the process, and can produce a single-atom catalyst at low cost. In addition, unlike the conventional methods having a limitation in metallic materials, the method can be applied in common regardless of types of metals, and thus is significantly advantageous in that it can be applied widely to obtain various types of metal single-atom catalysts. Further, in the method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst, metal atoms totally participate in the reaction. Thus, the method can minimize the usage of metal to provide high cost-efficiency. | 1. A method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst, comprising the steps of:
(1) depositing metal single atoms to nitrogen precursor powder; and (2) mixing the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder with a carbonaceous support and carrying out heat treatment. 2. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, which further comprises a step of vacuum drying the nitrogen precursor powder, before step (1). 3. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen precursor in step (1) is at least one selected from melamine, glucosamine, urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide and 2-cyanoquanidine. 4. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the metal in step (1) is at least one selected from platinum, gold, palladium, cobalt, silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, nickel, iron, copper, manganese, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, zirconium, titanium, tantalum and osmium. 5. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the deposition in step (1) is carried out through sputtering. 6. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 5, wherein the sputtering is carried out by using argon as sputtering gas under the conditions of a working pressure of 0.1-5 mTorr and an electric power intensity of 1-100 W for 1-24 hours. 7. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous support in step (2) is at least one selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGNO), carbon black, graphite, reduced graphite oxide (rGO) and carbon spheres. 8. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the mixing in step (2) is carried out at a weight ratio of the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder to the carbonaceous support of 100-500:1. 9. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment in step (2) is carried out under at least one gaseous atmosphere selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen and helium, or under vacuum, at 400-1000° C. for 0.5-4 hours. 10. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the metal single-atom catalyst is at least one selected from a catalyst for oxygen reduction, catalyst for hydrogen generation, catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction, catalyst for oxygen generation, catalyst for hydrogen oxidation, catalyst for ammonia reduction and a catalyst for a fuel cell electrode. 11. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, which further comprises a step of vacuum drying the nitrogen precursor powder before step (1),
wherein the nitrogen precursor is melamine, the metal is platinum, the deposition is carried out through sputtering, the sputtering is carried out by using argon as sputtering gas under the conditions of a working pressure of 0.1-2 mTorr and an electric power intensity of 1-20 W for 1-5 hours, the carbonaceous support is reduced graphite oxide (rGO), the mixing is carried out at a weight ratio of the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder to carbonaceous support of 200-300:1, the heat treatment is carried out under argon gas atmosphere at 700-900° C. for 1-3 hours, and the single atoms in the metal single-atom catalyst have an average size of 0.1-0.3 nm. | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst for a fuel cell. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst uses a relatively lower amount of chemical substances as compared to the conventional methods and thus is eco-friendly, uses no liquid through the whole process and avoids a need for additional steps for separating and/or washing the catalyst after its synthesis, thereby allowing simplification of the process, and can produce a single-atom catalyst at low cost. In addition, unlike the conventional methods having a limitation in metallic materials, the method can be applied in common regardless of types of metals, and thus is significantly advantageous in that it can be applied widely to obtain various types of metal single-atom catalysts. Further, in the method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst, metal atoms totally participate in the reaction. Thus, the method can minimize the usage of metal to provide high cost-efficiency.1. A method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst, comprising the steps of:
(1) depositing metal single atoms to nitrogen precursor powder; and (2) mixing the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder with a carbonaceous support and carrying out heat treatment. 2. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, which further comprises a step of vacuum drying the nitrogen precursor powder, before step (1). 3. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen precursor in step (1) is at least one selected from melamine, glucosamine, urea, thiourea, dicyandiamide and 2-cyanoquanidine. 4. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the metal in step (1) is at least one selected from platinum, gold, palladium, cobalt, silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, nickel, iron, copper, manganese, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, zirconium, titanium, tantalum and osmium. 5. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the deposition in step (1) is carried out through sputtering. 6. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 5, wherein the sputtering is carried out by using argon as sputtering gas under the conditions of a working pressure of 0.1-5 mTorr and an electric power intensity of 1-100 W for 1-24 hours. 7. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous support in step (2) is at least one selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGNO), carbon black, graphite, reduced graphite oxide (rGO) and carbon spheres. 8. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the mixing in step (2) is carried out at a weight ratio of the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder to the carbonaceous support of 100-500:1. 9. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment in step (2) is carried out under at least one gaseous atmosphere selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen and helium, or under vacuum, at 400-1000° C. for 0.5-4 hours. 10. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the metal single-atom catalyst is at least one selected from a catalyst for oxygen reduction, catalyst for hydrogen generation, catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction, catalyst for oxygen generation, catalyst for hydrogen oxidation, catalyst for ammonia reduction and a catalyst for a fuel cell electrode. 11. The method for preparing a metal single-atom catalyst according to claim 1, which further comprises a step of vacuum drying the nitrogen precursor powder before step (1),
wherein the nitrogen precursor is melamine, the metal is platinum, the deposition is carried out through sputtering, the sputtering is carried out by using argon as sputtering gas under the conditions of a working pressure of 0.1-2 mTorr and an electric power intensity of 1-20 W for 1-5 hours, the carbonaceous support is reduced graphite oxide (rGO), the mixing is carried out at a weight ratio of the metal single atom-deposited nitrogen precursor powder to carbonaceous support of 200-300:1, the heat treatment is carried out under argon gas atmosphere at 700-900° C. for 1-3 hours, and the single atoms in the metal single-atom catalyst have an average size of 0.1-0.3 nm. | 2,600 |
341,878 | 16,802,181 | 2,696 | The present invention relates to a nanocomposite ocular device that can release drugs within a close distance to the ocular surface and provide controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. The device can achieve both optical and medical functions. The device comprises a drug, one or more reservoir domains, and a barrier layer configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject, wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer. | 1. A transparent ocular device for delivering a drug to the eye of a subject, comprising:
a hydrophobic drug; one or more hydrophobic reservoir domains made of one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of: 3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate (TRIS), 3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy (propylbis(trimethylsilyloxy) methylsilane (SIGMA), fluorosiloxane macromer, mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated, mono-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, mono-methacryloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA); a barrier layer made of one or more hydrophilic components selected from the group consisting of: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-vinyl-2-oxazolin-5-one, methacrylic acid, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), alginate, and chitosan, configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject; wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer, and when the device is placed directly onto the ocular surface or in contact with the tear film above the ocular surface in the eye, the device provides controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. 2. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrophobic components are selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, and PMMA. 3. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrophilic components are selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan. 4. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic component is SIGMA, and the one or more hydrophilic components are DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and/or PVP. 5. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are in a form of a layer. 6. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are embedded within the barrier layer. 7. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, which is a contact lens, a scleral lens, an orthokeratology lens, or a corneal bandage. 8. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic drug is bimatoprost. 9. A method for treating glaucoma, comprising the step of applying the transparent ocular device of claim 8 to the surface of the cornea of a subject in need thereof. 10. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic drug is cyclosporine. 11. A method for treating dry eye disease, comprising the step of applying the transparent ocular device of claim 10 to the surface of the cornea of a subject in need thereof. 12. A transparent ocular device for delivering a drug to the eye of a subject, comprising:
a hydrophilic drug, one or more hydrophilic reservoir domains made of one or more hydrophilic components selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-vinyl-2-oxazolin-5-one, methacrylic acid, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan; a barrier layer made of one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated, mono-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, mono-methacryloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and PMMA, configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject; wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer, and when the device is placed directly onto the ocular surface or in contact with the tear film above the ocular surface in the eye, the device provides controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. 13. The transparent ocular device of claim 12, wherein the one or more hydrophobic components are selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, and PMMA. 14. The transparent ocular device of claim 12, wherein the one or more hydrophilic components are selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan. 15. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are in a form of a layer. 16. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are embedded within the barrier layer. 17. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, which is a contact lens, a scleral lens, an orthokeratology lens, or a corneal bandage. | The present invention relates to a nanocomposite ocular device that can release drugs within a close distance to the ocular surface and provide controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. The device can achieve both optical and medical functions. The device comprises a drug, one or more reservoir domains, and a barrier layer configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject, wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer.1. A transparent ocular device for delivering a drug to the eye of a subject, comprising:
a hydrophobic drug; one or more hydrophobic reservoir domains made of one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of: 3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl]propyl methacrylate (TRIS), 3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy (propylbis(trimethylsilyloxy) methylsilane (SIGMA), fluorosiloxane macromer, mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated, mono-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, mono-methacryloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMMA); a barrier layer made of one or more hydrophilic components selected from the group consisting of: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-vinyl-2-oxazolin-5-one, methacrylic acid, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), alginate, and chitosan, configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject; wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer, and when the device is placed directly onto the ocular surface or in contact with the tear film above the ocular surface in the eye, the device provides controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. 2. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrophobic components are selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, and PMMA. 3. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrophilic components are selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan. 4. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic component is SIGMA, and the one or more hydrophilic components are DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and/or PVP. 5. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are in a form of a layer. 6. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are embedded within the barrier layer. 7. The transparent ocular device according to claim 1, which is a contact lens, a scleral lens, an orthokeratology lens, or a corneal bandage. 8. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic drug is bimatoprost. 9. A method for treating glaucoma, comprising the step of applying the transparent ocular device of claim 8 to the surface of the cornea of a subject in need thereof. 10. The transparent ocular device of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic drug is cyclosporine. 11. A method for treating dry eye disease, comprising the step of applying the transparent ocular device of claim 10 to the surface of the cornea of a subject in need thereof. 12. A transparent ocular device for delivering a drug to the eye of a subject, comprising:
a hydrophilic drug, one or more hydrophilic reservoir domains made of one or more hydrophilic components selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4,4-dimethyl-2-vinyl-2-oxazolin-5-one, methacrylic acid, N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan; a barrier layer made of one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated, mono-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, mono-methacryloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and PMMA, configured to block the drug diffusion paths from the reservoir domain to the ocular surface in the eye of the subject; wherein the drug partitions between the reservoir domain and the barrier layer, and the equilibrium drug solubility in the reservoir domain is at least five folds higher than that in the barrier layer, and when the device is placed directly onto the ocular surface or in contact with the tear film above the ocular surface in the eye, the device provides controlled and sustained release of the drug at a constant rate. 13. The transparent ocular device of claim 12, wherein the one or more hydrophobic components are selected from the group consisting of: TRIS, SIGMA, fluorosiloxane macromer, and PMMA. 14. The transparent ocular device of claim 12, wherein the one or more hydrophilic components are selected from the group consisting of: HEMA, DMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, PVP, alginate, and chitosan. 15. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are in a form of a layer. 16. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, wherein the one or more reservoir domains are embedded within the barrier layer. 17. The transparent ocular device according to claim 12, which is a contact lens, a scleral lens, an orthokeratology lens, or a corneal bandage. | 2,600 |
341,879 | 16,802,271 | 2,696 | A device stand for supporting an electronic panel that is covered by a rear panel includes a first stand surface and a second stand surface that intersects the first stand surface. A plurality of first stand holes in a first hole group is located on the first stand surface and a plurality of second stand holes in a second hole group is located on the second stand surface. The device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on a first plane and is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane. | 1. A device stand for supporting an electronic panel that is covered by a rear panel, the device stand comprising:
a first stand surface having a plurality of first stand holes in a first hole group located thereon; and a second stand surface intersecting the first stand surface and including a plurality of second stand holes in a second hole group located thereon, wherein: the device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on a first plane; and the device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane. 2. The device stand of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of cover connection pins is inserted into the rear panel and a corresponding one of the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on the first plane. 3. The device stand of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of bracket connection pins is inserted into the rear panel and a corresponding one of the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on the second plane. 4. The device stand of claim 1, wherein:
the second stand surface includes a plurality of third stand holes different form the plurality of the second stand holes; and the electronic panel is mounted on the second plane by inserting a plurality of mount connection pins into a mounting interface and the plurality of third stand holes. 5. The device stand of claim 1, further comprising:
a stand connection having the plurality of first stand holes and the plurality of second stand holes and removably coupled to the rear panel through one of the first hole group and the second hole group; a stand arm coupled to the stand connection; and a stand base coupled to the stand arm, wherein the stand base is in contact with the first plane when the electronic panel is disposed on the first plane. 6. The device stand of claim 5, wherein:
the stand arm includes two connection arms each intersecting the stand connection; and a specific one of the plurality of first stand holes is located between the intersections of the two connection arms. 7. The device stand of claim 6, wherein:
one of the two connection arms includes a lock hole aligned with the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes; and a size of the lock hole is greater than a size of the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 8. An electronic device, comprising:
a rear panel having a rear cover and a device bracket and covering on an electronic panel; and a device stand removably coupled to one of the rear cover and the device bracket, wherein: the device stand is coupled to the rear cover when the electronic device is disposed on a first plane; and the device stand is coupled to the device bracket when the electronic device is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the device stand comprises:
a stand connection removably coupled to the rear cover when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane and removably coupled to the device bracket when the electronic device is mounted on the second plane; a stand arm coupled to the stand connection; and a stand base coupled to the stand arm, wherein the stand base is in contact with the first plane when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein:
the stand connection includes a first connection surface and a second connection surface different from the first connection surface; and the rear cover is coupled to the first connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the rear cover. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein a plurality of cover connection pins is inserted into the rear cover and a plurality of first stand holes on the first connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the rear cover. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the stand arm includes two connection arms each intersecting the stand connection; and
a specific one of the plurality of first stand holes is located between the intersections of the two connection arms. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein:
one of the two connection arms includes a lock hole aligned with the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a size of the lock hole is greater than a size of the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 15. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein a plurality of bracket connection pins is inserted into the device bracket and a plurality of second stand holes on the second connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the device bracket. 16. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein:
the stand base includes a first base surface and a second base surface different from the first base surface; and the second base surface is on a same plane with the second connection surface. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first base surface is in contact with the first plane when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is mounted on the second plane by inserting a plurality of mount connection pins into a mounting interface and a plurality of third stand holes on the second base surface. | A device stand for supporting an electronic panel that is covered by a rear panel includes a first stand surface and a second stand surface that intersects the first stand surface. A plurality of first stand holes in a first hole group is located on the first stand surface and a plurality of second stand holes in a second hole group is located on the second stand surface. The device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on a first plane and is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane.1. A device stand for supporting an electronic panel that is covered by a rear panel, the device stand comprising:
a first stand surface having a plurality of first stand holes in a first hole group located thereon; and a second stand surface intersecting the first stand surface and including a plurality of second stand holes in a second hole group located thereon, wherein: the device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on a first plane; and the device stand is removably coupled to the rear panel through the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane. 2. The device stand of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of cover connection pins is inserted into the rear panel and a corresponding one of the plurality of first stand holes when the electronic panel is disposed on the first plane. 3. The device stand of claim 1, wherein each of a plurality of bracket connection pins is inserted into the rear panel and a corresponding one of the plurality of second stand holes when the electronic panel is mounted on the second plane. 4. The device stand of claim 1, wherein:
the second stand surface includes a plurality of third stand holes different form the plurality of the second stand holes; and the electronic panel is mounted on the second plane by inserting a plurality of mount connection pins into a mounting interface and the plurality of third stand holes. 5. The device stand of claim 1, further comprising:
a stand connection having the plurality of first stand holes and the plurality of second stand holes and removably coupled to the rear panel through one of the first hole group and the second hole group; a stand arm coupled to the stand connection; and a stand base coupled to the stand arm, wherein the stand base is in contact with the first plane when the electronic panel is disposed on the first plane. 6. The device stand of claim 5, wherein:
the stand arm includes two connection arms each intersecting the stand connection; and a specific one of the plurality of first stand holes is located between the intersections of the two connection arms. 7. The device stand of claim 6, wherein:
one of the two connection arms includes a lock hole aligned with the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes; and a size of the lock hole is greater than a size of the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 8. An electronic device, comprising:
a rear panel having a rear cover and a device bracket and covering on an electronic panel; and a device stand removably coupled to one of the rear cover and the device bracket, wherein: the device stand is coupled to the rear cover when the electronic device is disposed on a first plane; and the device stand is coupled to the device bracket when the electronic device is mounted on a second plane different from the first plane. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the device stand comprises:
a stand connection removably coupled to the rear cover when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane and removably coupled to the device bracket when the electronic device is mounted on the second plane; a stand arm coupled to the stand connection; and a stand base coupled to the stand arm, wherein the stand base is in contact with the first plane when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein:
the stand connection includes a first connection surface and a second connection surface different from the first connection surface; and the rear cover is coupled to the first connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the rear cover. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein a plurality of cover connection pins is inserted into the rear cover and a plurality of first stand holes on the first connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the rear cover. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the stand arm includes two connection arms each intersecting the stand connection; and
a specific one of the plurality of first stand holes is located between the intersections of the two connection arms. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein:
one of the two connection arms includes a lock hole aligned with the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein a size of the lock hole is greater than a size of the specific one of the plurality of first stand holes. 15. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein a plurality of bracket connection pins is inserted into the device bracket and a plurality of second stand holes on the second connection surface when the stand connection is coupled to the device bracket. 16. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein:
the stand base includes a first base surface and a second base surface different from the first base surface; and the second base surface is on a same plane with the second connection surface. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first base surface is in contact with the first plane when the electronic device is disposed on the first plane. 18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is mounted on the second plane by inserting a plurality of mount connection pins into a mounting interface and a plurality of third stand holes on the second base surface. | 2,600 |
341,880 | 16,802,233 | 2,696 | System and method for aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment. In accordance with an embodiment, systems and methods can provide for an indexed matrix of credit wait policies between ports within a single switch. In addition, systems and methods can provide for an array of credit wait polices at an egress port from a switch, the array being indexed by virtual lane. | 1. A method for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, comprising:
providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch; receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, holding the packet at the input buffer until sufficient space is clear at the output buffer. 8. A system for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, the system comprising:
a computer environment comprising:
a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps comprising:
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch;
receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and
determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, holding the packet at the input buffer until sufficient space is clear at the output buffer. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium, including instructions stored thereon for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, which when read and executed by one or more computers caused the one or more computers to perform steps comprising:
providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch; receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 17,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, the steps further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. | System and method for aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment. In accordance with an embodiment, systems and methods can provide for an indexed matrix of credit wait policies between ports within a single switch. In addition, systems and methods can provide for an array of credit wait polices at an egress port from a switch, the array being indexed by virtual lane.1. A method for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, comprising:
providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch; receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, holding the packet at the input buffer until sufficient space is clear at the output buffer. 8. A system for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, the system comprising:
a computer environment comprising:
a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps comprising:
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch;
receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and
determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer environment is configured to perform the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, holding the packet at the input buffer until sufficient space is clear at the output buffer. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium, including instructions stored thereon for supporting aggressive credit waiting in a high performance computing environment, which when read and executed by one or more computers caused the one or more computers to perform steps comprising:
providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, a network fabric, the network fabric comprising
a plurality of switches, wherein the plurality of switches are interconnected via a plurality of links, wherein each of the links supports a plurality of virtual lanes, and wherein each switch comprises a plurality of switch ports;
providing, at a switch of the plurality of switches, a plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables, wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policy mapping tables are provided, respectively, at a different switch port of the plurality of switch ports of the switch; receiving, at first switch port of the switch, a packet, via a link, wherein the packet is received on a first virtual lane support on the link, wherein the first switch port is associated with an ingress buffer; and determining, based upon the packet being received on the first virtual lane, a credit wait policy to apply to the received packet. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15,
wherein a credit wait policy mapping table provided at the first switch port comprises a plurality of credit wait policies. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16,
wherein each of the plurality of credit wait policies of the credit wait policy mapping table are mapped to a virtual lane of the plurality of virtual lanes supported on the link. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 17,
wherein determining the credit wait policy to apply to the received packet comprises: looking up, in the credit wait policy mapping table, a credit wait policy of the plurality of wait policies based upon the first virtual lane on which the packet was received on. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 18, the steps further comprising:
determining an egress port of the switch for the packet, wherein the egress port is associated with an output buffer. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 19, the steps further comprising:
determining an amount of space available at the output buffer; and upon determining the amount of space at the output buffer is insufficient for the received packet, and based upon the determined credit wait policy, dropping the received packet. | 2,600 |
341,881 | 16,802,264 | 2,696 | Provided herein are compositions and methods for generating phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides for library construction for next-generation sequencing. In some cases, barcode oligonucleotides are attached to particles or beads. Also provided are methods and kits for using the phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides in sequencing assays. | 1. A method for analyzing nucleic acid of a population of cells comprising:
providing: (i) a library of barcode oligonucleotides, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein a first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide; or (ii) a library of barcode beads comprising a plurality of beads, wherein each bead is conjugated to a plurality of barcode oligonucleotides and wherein each bead in the library is conjugated to a unique barcode oligonucleotide, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein the first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide, and wherein for each bead, at least two identical copies of a barcode oligonucleotide is conjugated to the bead; providing a population of cells; partitioning the library of barcode oligonucleotides or the library of barcode oligonucleotide beads, and the population of cells to generate a plurality of partitions, wherein individual partitions of the plurality have copies of a single barcode oligonucleotide and nucleic acid from a single cell; in the partitions lysing the cells to generate nucleic acid from a single cell in individual partitions; hybridizing the copies of the barcode oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid from the single cell in the partitions; performing template directed nucleic acid polymerization to covalently attach oligonucleotide primers to the nucleic acid of the single cell in the partitions; combining the partitions; and performing high-throughput sequencing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid of the single cell is RNA or cDNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises reverse transcription. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises DNA amplification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode oligonucleotides. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide is attached to a bead. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode beads. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide further comprises a unique molecular identifier. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein each bead is conjugated to at least two different barcode oligonucleotides. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises an adapter sequence. | Provided herein are compositions and methods for generating phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides for library construction for next-generation sequencing. In some cases, barcode oligonucleotides are attached to particles or beads. Also provided are methods and kits for using the phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides in sequencing assays.1. A method for analyzing nucleic acid of a population of cells comprising:
providing: (i) a library of barcode oligonucleotides, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein a first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide; or (ii) a library of barcode beads comprising a plurality of beads, wherein each bead is conjugated to a plurality of barcode oligonucleotides and wherein each bead in the library is conjugated to a unique barcode oligonucleotide, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein the first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide, and wherein for each bead, at least two identical copies of a barcode oligonucleotide is conjugated to the bead; providing a population of cells; partitioning the library of barcode oligonucleotides or the library of barcode oligonucleotide beads, and the population of cells to generate a plurality of partitions, wherein individual partitions of the plurality have copies of a single barcode oligonucleotide and nucleic acid from a single cell; in the partitions lysing the cells to generate nucleic acid from a single cell in individual partitions; hybridizing the copies of the barcode oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid from the single cell in the partitions; performing template directed nucleic acid polymerization to covalently attach oligonucleotide primers to the nucleic acid of the single cell in the partitions; combining the partitions; and performing high-throughput sequencing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid of the single cell is RNA or cDNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises reverse transcription. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises DNA amplification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode oligonucleotides. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide is attached to a bead. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode beads. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide further comprises a unique molecular identifier. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein each bead is conjugated to at least two different barcode oligonucleotides. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises an adapter sequence. | 2,600 |
341,882 | 16,802,232 | 2,696 | Provided herein are compositions and methods for generating phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides for library construction for next-generation sequencing. In some cases, barcode oligonucleotides are attached to particles or beads. Also provided are methods and kits for using the phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides in sequencing assays. | 1. A method for analyzing nucleic acid of a population of cells comprising:
providing: (i) a library of barcode oligonucleotides, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein a first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide; or (ii) a library of barcode beads comprising a plurality of beads, wherein each bead is conjugated to a plurality of barcode oligonucleotides and wherein each bead in the library is conjugated to a unique barcode oligonucleotide, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein the first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide, and wherein for each bead, at least two identical copies of a barcode oligonucleotide is conjugated to the bead; providing a population of cells; partitioning the library of barcode oligonucleotides or the library of barcode oligonucleotide beads, and the population of cells to generate a plurality of partitions, wherein individual partitions of the plurality have copies of a single barcode oligonucleotide and nucleic acid from a single cell; in the partitions lysing the cells to generate nucleic acid from a single cell in individual partitions; hybridizing the copies of the barcode oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid from the single cell in the partitions; performing template directed nucleic acid polymerization to covalently attach oligonucleotide primers to the nucleic acid of the single cell in the partitions; combining the partitions; and performing high-throughput sequencing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid of the single cell is RNA or cDNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises reverse transcription. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises DNA amplification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode oligonucleotides. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide is attached to a bead. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode beads. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide further comprises a unique molecular identifier. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein each bead is conjugated to at least two different barcode oligonucleotides. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises an adapter sequence. | Provided herein are compositions and methods for generating phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides for library construction for next-generation sequencing. In some cases, barcode oligonucleotides are attached to particles or beads. Also provided are methods and kits for using the phase-shift barcode oligonucleotides in sequencing assays.1. A method for analyzing nucleic acid of a population of cells comprising:
providing: (i) a library of barcode oligonucleotides, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein a first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide; or (ii) a library of barcode beads comprising a plurality of beads, wherein each bead is conjugated to a plurality of barcode oligonucleotides and wherein each bead in the library is conjugated to a unique barcode oligonucleotide, each barcode oligonucleotide comprising in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a phase-shift region, a universal region, a variable region, and a capture region, wherein the first nucleotide of the universal region of a first barcode oligonucleotide is staggered by 1 to 50 nucleotides from the first nucleotide of the universal region of a second barcode oligonucleotide, and wherein for each bead, at least two identical copies of a barcode oligonucleotide is conjugated to the bead; providing a population of cells; partitioning the library of barcode oligonucleotides or the library of barcode oligonucleotide beads, and the population of cells to generate a plurality of partitions, wherein individual partitions of the plurality have copies of a single barcode oligonucleotide and nucleic acid from a single cell; in the partitions lysing the cells to generate nucleic acid from a single cell in individual partitions; hybridizing the copies of the barcode oligonucleotide to the nucleic acid from the single cell in the partitions; performing template directed nucleic acid polymerization to covalently attach oligonucleotide primers to the nucleic acid of the single cell in the partitions; combining the partitions; and performing high-throughput sequencing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid of the single cell is RNA or cDNA. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises reverse transcription. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the template directed nucleic acid polymerization comprises DNA amplification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode oligonucleotides. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide is attached to a bead. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing comprises providing the library of barcode beads. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one variable region. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises more than one universal region. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide further comprises a unique molecular identifier. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capture region comprises a polyT sequence of at last ten thymine nucleotides. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein each bead is conjugated to at least two different barcode oligonucleotides. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein each barcode oligonucleotide comprises an adapter sequence. | 2,600 |
341,883 | 16,802,262 | 2,683 | A distance measurement apparatus includes a calculation unit configured to calculate, based on phase information acquired by two distance measurement units at least one of which is movable, a distance between the two distance measurement units. One of the two distance measurement units includes an RSSI estimation unit configured to estimate, from respective three receiving signal intensities of three first carrier signals or respective three receiving signal intensities of three second carrier signals, the receiving signal intensity of a frequency having an average value, and a fading correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of a lowest frequency and the receiving signal intensity of a highest frequency. The calculation unit calculates the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals and the fading correction value. | 1. A distance measurement apparatus that calculates a distance based on carrier phase detection, the distance measurement apparatus comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate, based on phase information acquired by a first device and a second device at least one of which is movable, a distance between the first device and the second device, wherein the first device comprises a first reference signal source, a first transmitter/receiver configured to transmit three first carrier signals respectively having different frequencies and receive three second carrier signals respectively having same frequencies as the frequencies of the three first carrier signals using an output of the first reference signal source, in which a frequency between a lowest frequency and a highest frequency among the three frequencies is a frequency that deviates from an average value of the lowest frequency and the highest frequency, a first receiving signal intensity measurement unit configured to measure a receiving signal intensity of each of the three second carrier signals, an estimation unit configured to estimate a receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from at least one of respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals, and a fading correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value, the receiving signal intensity of the lowest frequency, and the receiving signal intensity of the highest frequency, the second device comprises a second reference signal source configured to operate independently of the first reference signal source, and a second transmitter/receiver configured to transmit the three second carrier signals and receive the three first carrier signals using an output of the second reference signal source, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals while correcting the calculated distance using the fading correction value. 2. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first device includes a first phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three second carrier signals received in the first transmitter/receiver, the second device includes a second phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using as the phase information first information about the phase of each of the carrier signal having the lowest frequency and the carrier signal having the highest frequency that are measured in the first phase measurement unit and second information about the phase of each of the carrier signal having the lowest frequency and the carrier signal having the highest frequency that are measured in the second phase measurement unit. 3. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first device includes a first phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three second carrier signals received in the first transmitter/receiver, the second device includes a second phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using as the phase information first information about the phase of each of the three second carrier signals measured in the first phase measurement unit and second information about the phase of each of the three first carrier signals measured in the second phase measurement unit. 4. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the calculation unit is provided in the first device, and the second device transmits to the first device information about a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver. 5. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second device includes a second receiving signal intensity measurement unit configured to measure respective receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals, and the second device transmits to the first device information about the respective receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals measured in the second receiving signal intensity measurement unit, and the estimation unit estimates the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals received from the second device. 6. A distance measurement method for calculating a distance based on carrier phase detection, the method comprising:
transmitting from a first device three first carrier signals respectively having different frequencies using an output of a first reference signal source; and transmitting from a second device three second carrier signals respectively having same frequencies as the frequencies of the three first carrier signals using an output of a second reference signal source configured to operate independently of the first reference signal source, wherein a frequency between a lowest frequency and a highest frequency among the three frequencies is a frequency that deviates from an average value of the lowest frequency and the highest frequency; measuring a receiving signal intensity of each of the three second carrier signals in the first device; estimating a receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from at least one of respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals; calculating a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value, the receiving signal intensity of the lowest frequency, and the receiving signal intensity of the highest frequency; and calculating the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals while correcting the calculated distance using the fading correction value. | A distance measurement apparatus includes a calculation unit configured to calculate, based on phase information acquired by two distance measurement units at least one of which is movable, a distance between the two distance measurement units. One of the two distance measurement units includes an RSSI estimation unit configured to estimate, from respective three receiving signal intensities of three first carrier signals or respective three receiving signal intensities of three second carrier signals, the receiving signal intensity of a frequency having an average value, and a fading correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of a lowest frequency and the receiving signal intensity of a highest frequency. The calculation unit calculates the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals and the fading correction value.1. A distance measurement apparatus that calculates a distance based on carrier phase detection, the distance measurement apparatus comprising:
a calculation unit configured to calculate, based on phase information acquired by a first device and a second device at least one of which is movable, a distance between the first device and the second device, wherein the first device comprises a first reference signal source, a first transmitter/receiver configured to transmit three first carrier signals respectively having different frequencies and receive three second carrier signals respectively having same frequencies as the frequencies of the three first carrier signals using an output of the first reference signal source, in which a frequency between a lowest frequency and a highest frequency among the three frequencies is a frequency that deviates from an average value of the lowest frequency and the highest frequency, a first receiving signal intensity measurement unit configured to measure a receiving signal intensity of each of the three second carrier signals, an estimation unit configured to estimate a receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from at least one of respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals, and a fading correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value, the receiving signal intensity of the lowest frequency, and the receiving signal intensity of the highest frequency, the second device comprises a second reference signal source configured to operate independently of the first reference signal source, and a second transmitter/receiver configured to transmit the three second carrier signals and receive the three first carrier signals using an output of the second reference signal source, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals while correcting the calculated distance using the fading correction value. 2. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first device includes a first phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three second carrier signals received in the first transmitter/receiver, the second device includes a second phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using as the phase information first information about the phase of each of the carrier signal having the lowest frequency and the carrier signal having the highest frequency that are measured in the first phase measurement unit and second information about the phase of each of the carrier signal having the lowest frequency and the carrier signal having the highest frequency that are measured in the second phase measurement unit. 3. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the first device includes a first phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three second carrier signals received in the first transmitter/receiver, the second device includes a second phase measurement unit configured to measure a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver, and the calculation unit calculates the distance using as the phase information first information about the phase of each of the three second carrier signals measured in the first phase measurement unit and second information about the phase of each of the three first carrier signals measured in the second phase measurement unit. 4. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the calculation unit is provided in the first device, and the second device transmits to the first device information about a phase of each of the three first carrier signals received in the second transmitter/receiver. 5. The distance measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the second device includes a second receiving signal intensity measurement unit configured to measure respective receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals, and the second device transmits to the first device information about the respective receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals measured in the second receiving signal intensity measurement unit, and the estimation unit estimates the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals received from the second device. 6. A distance measurement method for calculating a distance based on carrier phase detection, the method comprising:
transmitting from a first device three first carrier signals respectively having different frequencies using an output of a first reference signal source; and transmitting from a second device three second carrier signals respectively having same frequencies as the frequencies of the three first carrier signals using an output of a second reference signal source configured to operate independently of the first reference signal source, wherein a frequency between a lowest frequency and a highest frequency among the three frequencies is a frequency that deviates from an average value of the lowest frequency and the highest frequency; measuring a receiving signal intensity of each of the three second carrier signals in the first device; estimating a receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value from at least one of respective three receiving signal intensities of the three first carrier signals and the respective three receiving signal intensities of the three second carrier signals; calculating a fading correction value for the distance from the receiving signal intensity of the frequency having the average value, the receiving signal intensity of the lowest frequency, and the receiving signal intensity of the highest frequency; and calculating the distance using a phase detection result obtained by receiving the three first carrier signals and the three second carrier signals while correcting the calculated distance using the fading correction value. | 2,600 |
341,884 | 16,802,266 | 2,175 | Corresponding systems and computer programs are also disclosed. | 1. A system for creating a customized electronic data sheet (EDS), the system comprising:
a display; a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to receive inputs; memory to store program instructions; and a processor configured to execute the program instructions to:
receive layout instructions, through the GUI, in connection with a page layout to be rendered on the display in connection with entering and viewing clinical data of an EDS,
build a nested EDS database structure, based on the layout instructions, that includes page objects, panel objects and panel item objects nested within one another, the nested EDS database structure defining a manner in which the GUI renders the page layout on the display,
receive a rule designation through the GUI, and
generate a binding rule, based on the rule designation, that binds clinical data to at least one of the page objects, panel objects or panel item objects, the binding rule designating an operation to be automatically performed based on the clinical data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is further configured to generate, as the binding rule, at least one of a cross validation operation, a mathematical formula, a visibility and enablement binding decision, conditional formatting or a data filtering operation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein:
the binding rule represents the cross validation operation and wherein the cross validation operation requires a second data value entered into a second panel field in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein:
the binding rule represents the visibility and enable binding decision, in which at least one of a second panel or second panel field are either i) hidden and disenabled or ii) exposed and enabled in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the binding rule represents a notification constraint that defines a constraint on a select data set, such that the processor is configured to perform a predefined action based on a change in the clinical data in the select data set. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the predefined action includes at least one of validating the clinical data, filtering the clinical data, performing an automatic calculation based on the clinical data or confirming a user interface action based on the clinical data. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein:
in response to the change in the clinical data, the predefined action directs at least one of i) the panel to be hidden or ii) a control rule to enter an error state. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the layout instructions define an arrangement, position, and format of a page, a panel within the page, a panel field within the panel. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is further configured to define a linking rule that creates an association between the panel field and rules, and where the linking rule defines an action in connection with conditions that occur relative to the panel field. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the nested EDS database structure defines a nested page layout including a first panel within a first page, a first panel item within the first panel and wherein the first panel item further defines at least one of a second page or second panel that includes a second panel item. 11. A computer implemented method for creating a customized electronic data sheet (EDS), the method comprising:
receiving inputs at a graphical user interface (GUI); executing program instructions at one or more processors to:
receive layout instructions, through the GUI, in connection with a page layout to be rendered on a display in connection with entering and viewing clinical data of an EDS,
build a nested EDS database structure, based on the layout instructions, that includes page objects, panel objects and panel item objects nested within one another, the nested EDS database structure defining a manner in which the GUI renders the page layout on the display,
receive a rule designation through the GUI, and
generate a binding rule, based on the rule designation, that binds clinical data to at least one of the page objects, panel objects or panel item objects, the binding rule designating an operation to be automatically performed based on the clinical data. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, as the binding rule, at least one of a cross validation operation, a mathematical formula, a visibility and enablement binding decision, conditional formatting or a data filtering operation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the binding rule represents the cross validation operation and wherein the cross validation operation requires a second data value entered into a second panel field in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the binding rule represents the visibility and enable binding decision, in which at least one of a second panel or second panel field are either i) hidden and disenabled or ii) exposed and enabled in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the binding rule represents a notification constraint that defines a constraint on a select data set, such that the processor is configured to perform a predefined action based on a change in the clinical data in the select data set. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the predefined action includes at least one of validating the clinical data, filtering the clinical data, performing an automatic calculation based on the clinical data or confirming a user interface action based on the clinical data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
in response to the change in the clinical data, the predefined action directs at least one of i) the panel to be hidden or ii) a control rule to enter an error state. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the layout instructions define an arrangement, position, and format of a page, a panel within the page, a panel field within the panel. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
defining a linking rule that creates an association between the panel field and rules, and where the linking rule defines an action in connection with conditions that occur relative to the panel field. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the nested EDS database structure defines a nested page layout including a first panel within a first page, a first panel item within the first panel and wherein the first panel item further defines at least one of a second page or second panel that includes a second panel item. | Corresponding systems and computer programs are also disclosed.1. A system for creating a customized electronic data sheet (EDS), the system comprising:
a display; a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to receive inputs; memory to store program instructions; and a processor configured to execute the program instructions to:
receive layout instructions, through the GUI, in connection with a page layout to be rendered on the display in connection with entering and viewing clinical data of an EDS,
build a nested EDS database structure, based on the layout instructions, that includes page objects, panel objects and panel item objects nested within one another, the nested EDS database structure defining a manner in which the GUI renders the page layout on the display,
receive a rule designation through the GUI, and
generate a binding rule, based on the rule designation, that binds clinical data to at least one of the page objects, panel objects or panel item objects, the binding rule designating an operation to be automatically performed based on the clinical data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is further configured to generate, as the binding rule, at least one of a cross validation operation, a mathematical formula, a visibility and enablement binding decision, conditional formatting or a data filtering operation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein:
the binding rule represents the cross validation operation and wherein the cross validation operation requires a second data value entered into a second panel field in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein:
the binding rule represents the visibility and enable binding decision, in which at least one of a second panel or second panel field are either i) hidden and disenabled or ii) exposed and enabled in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the binding rule represents a notification constraint that defines a constraint on a select data set, such that the processor is configured to perform a predefined action based on a change in the clinical data in the select data set. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein:
the predefined action includes at least one of validating the clinical data, filtering the clinical data, performing an automatic calculation based on the clinical data or confirming a user interface action based on the clinical data. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein:
in response to the change in the clinical data, the predefined action directs at least one of i) the panel to be hidden or ii) a control rule to enter an error state. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the layout instructions define an arrangement, position, and format of a page, a panel within the page, a panel field within the panel. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the processor is further configured to define a linking rule that creates an association between the panel field and rules, and where the linking rule defines an action in connection with conditions that occur relative to the panel field. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the nested EDS database structure defines a nested page layout including a first panel within a first page, a first panel item within the first panel and wherein the first panel item further defines at least one of a second page or second panel that includes a second panel item. 11. A computer implemented method for creating a customized electronic data sheet (EDS), the method comprising:
receiving inputs at a graphical user interface (GUI); executing program instructions at one or more processors to:
receive layout instructions, through the GUI, in connection with a page layout to be rendered on a display in connection with entering and viewing clinical data of an EDS,
build a nested EDS database structure, based on the layout instructions, that includes page objects, panel objects and panel item objects nested within one another, the nested EDS database structure defining a manner in which the GUI renders the page layout on the display,
receive a rule designation through the GUI, and
generate a binding rule, based on the rule designation, that binds clinical data to at least one of the page objects, panel objects or panel item objects, the binding rule designating an operation to be automatically performed based on the clinical data. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
generating, as the binding rule, at least one of a cross validation operation, a mathematical formula, a visibility and enablement binding decision, conditional formatting or a data filtering operation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the binding rule represents the cross validation operation and wherein the cross validation operation requires a second data value entered into a second panel field in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein:
the binding rule represents the visibility and enable binding decision, in which at least one of a second panel or second panel field are either i) hidden and disenabled or ii) exposed and enabled in response to a first data value being entered into a first panel field. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the binding rule represents a notification constraint that defines a constraint on a select data set, such that the processor is configured to perform a predefined action based on a change in the clinical data in the select data set. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the predefined action includes at least one of validating the clinical data, filtering the clinical data, performing an automatic calculation based on the clinical data or confirming a user interface action based on the clinical data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
in response to the change in the clinical data, the predefined action directs at least one of i) the panel to be hidden or ii) a control rule to enter an error state. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the layout instructions define an arrangement, position, and format of a page, a panel within the page, a panel field within the panel. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
defining a linking rule that creates an association between the panel field and rules, and where the linking rule defines an action in connection with conditions that occur relative to the panel field. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the nested EDS database structure defines a nested page layout including a first panel within a first page, a first panel item within the first panel and wherein the first panel item further defines at least one of a second page or second panel that includes a second panel item. | 2,100 |
341,885 | 16,802,251 | 2,175 | An air management system including at least one air spring and a compressor. The compressor defines a compartment having an inlet and an outlet. A reservoir is fluidly connected to the air spring and the compressor. A piston is moveable in the compartment and is reciprocally moveable in a compression stroke and an extension stroke in response to actuation of the motor in order to build-up air pressure at the outlet. The piston defines at least one passage extending between the extension chamber and the compression chamber, and at least one check valve positioned in the at least one passage such that air pressure in the compression chamber biases the piston toward the extension chamber to reduce a torque load on the motor during movement of the piston. | 1. An air management system for a vehicle having a body and a plurality of wheels, said air management system including:
at least one air spring for interconnecting the body and one of the wheels; a compressor for filling said at least one air spring; a reservoir fluidly connected to said at least one air spring and said at least one compressor for receiving air from said compressor and said at least one air spring and passing air to said at least one compressor and said at least one air spring; said compressor including a motor; said compressor defining a compartment having an inlet and an outlet; a piston moveable in said compartment and separating said compartment into a compression chamber and an extension chamber, said piston moveable in response to actuation of said motor in a compression stroke toward said compression chamber and an extension stroke toward said extension chamber, and wherein reciprocal movement of said piston causes a build-up of air pressure at said outlet; said inlet and said outlet of said piston being selectively connectable to said reservoir and said at least one air spring in an inflation mode and a deflation mode, wherein said inlet is connected to said reservoir and said outlet is connected to said at least one air spring in said inflation mode, and wherein said inlet is connected to said air spring and said outlet is connected to said reservoir in said deflation mode; and said piston defining at least one passage extending between said extension chamber and said compression chamber, and said piston including at least one check valve positioned in said at least one passage and allowing air to flow from said inlet to said outlet while preventing air from flowing from said outlet to said inlet during said reciprocal movement of said piston such that air pressure in said compression chamber biases said piston toward said extension chamber to reduce a torque load on said motor during movement of said piston. 2. An air management system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said at least one passage includes a horizontal passage extending in a horizontal direction and fluidly connected to said compression chamber, and wherein said at least one passage further includes a vertical passage extending in a vertical direction being perpendicular to said horizontal direction from said horizontal passage to said extension chamber. 3. An air management system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said at least one check valve includes a first check valve located in said vertical passage. 4. An air management system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said at least one check valve includes an outlet check valve located in said outlet. 5. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 further including a seal positioned about said piston and sealing said piston relative to a wall of said compartment. 6. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said compressor includes a piston housing defining said compartment containing said piston, and wherein said piston extends through said piston housing to said motor. 7. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 further including a manifold block assembly fluidly connecting said air springs, said compressor and said reservoir. 8. An air management system as set forth in claim 7 wherein a first line extends from said outlet of said compressor to a compressor inlet port of said manifold block assembly, and wherein a second line extends from said inlet of said compressor to a suction port of said manifold block assembly. 9. An air management system as set forth in claim 8 further including at least one spring valve connected to said at least one air spring, and an H-bridge assembly for directing air between said reservoir, said compressor and said manifold block assembly, wherein said H-bridge assembly includes a first reservoir valve fluidly connected to said first line and the reservoir, a second reservoir valve fluidly connected to said second line and said reservoir, a first spring direction valve fluidly connected to said first line and at least one spring valve connected to said at least one air spring. 10. An air management system as set forth in claim 9 wherein said manifold block assembly further includes an electronic control unit. 11. An air management system as set forth in claim 10 further including an electronic control unit configured such that during a filling process of said at least one air spring, said second reservoir valve, said first spring direction valve and said at least one spring valve are opened and said first reservoir valve and said second spring directional valve are closed to cause air to pass from said reservoir, through said second reservoir valve and to said compression chamber to exert a force on said piston to reduce a torque load on said motor of said compressor, and to flow through said passage of said piston through said outlet of said compressor and through said first spring directional valve and to said at least one spring valve and said at least one air spring. 12. An air management system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said electronic control unit is further configured such that in a deflating process of said at least one air spring, said first reservoir valve, said second spring directional valve and said at least one spring valve are open and said second reservoir valve and said first spring directional valve are closed to cause air to pass from said at least one air spring through said second spring directional valve and to said compression chamber to exert pressure on said piston to reduce a torque load on said motor of said compressor, and air flows through said passage of said piston and through said outlet of said compressor and to said reservoir. 13. An air management system for an air suspension system of a vehicle, including:
a compressor for filling air springs of the air suspension system; said compressor including a motor and defining a compartment having an inlet and an outlet; a piston moveable in said compartment and separating said compartment into a compression chamber and an extension chamber, said piston moveable in response to actuation of said motor in a compression stroke toward said compression chamber and an extension stroke toward said extension chamber, and wherein reciprocal movement of said piston causes a build-up of air pressure at said outlet; and said piston defining at least one passage extending between said extension chamber and said compression chamber, and said piston including at least one check valve positioned in said at least one passage and allowing air to flow from said inlet to said outlet while preventing air from flowing from said outlet to said inlet during said reciprocal movement of said piston such that air pressure in said compression chamber biases said piston toward said extension chamber to reduce a torque load on said motor during movement of said piston. 14. The air management system as set forth in claim 13, further including at least one air spring for interconnecting a body and a wheel of the vehicle, and a reservoir fluidly connected to said at least one air spring and said compressor for receiving air from said compressor and said at least one air spring and passing air to the other of said at least one compressor and said at least one air spring. 15. The air management system as set forth in claim 14, wherein said inlet and said outlet of said piston are selectively connectable to said reservoir and said at least one air spring in an inflation mode and a deflation mode, wherein said inlet is connected to said reservoir and said outlet is connected to said at least one air spring in said inflation mode, and wherein said inlet is connected to said air spring and said outlet is connected to said reservoir in said deflation mode. 16. An air management system as set forth in claim 13, wherein said at least one passage includes a horizontal passage extending in a horizontal direction and fluidly connected to said compression chamber, and wherein said at least one passage further includes a vertical passage extending in a vertical direction being perpendicular to said horizontal direction from said horizontal passage to said extension chamber. 17. An air management system as set forth in claim 16 wherein said at least one check valve includes a first check valve located in said vertical passage. 18. An air management system as set forth in claim 16 wherein said at least one check valve includes an outlet check valve located in said outlet. 19. An air management system as set forth in claim 13 further including a seal positioned about said piston and sealing said piston relative to a wall of said compartment. 20. An air management system as set forth in claim 13 wherein said compressor includes a piston housing defining said compartment containing said piston, and wherein said piston extends through said piston housing to said motor. | An air management system including at least one air spring and a compressor. The compressor defines a compartment having an inlet and an outlet. A reservoir is fluidly connected to the air spring and the compressor. A piston is moveable in the compartment and is reciprocally moveable in a compression stroke and an extension stroke in response to actuation of the motor in order to build-up air pressure at the outlet. The piston defines at least one passage extending between the extension chamber and the compression chamber, and at least one check valve positioned in the at least one passage such that air pressure in the compression chamber biases the piston toward the extension chamber to reduce a torque load on the motor during movement of the piston.1. An air management system for a vehicle having a body and a plurality of wheels, said air management system including:
at least one air spring for interconnecting the body and one of the wheels; a compressor for filling said at least one air spring; a reservoir fluidly connected to said at least one air spring and said at least one compressor for receiving air from said compressor and said at least one air spring and passing air to said at least one compressor and said at least one air spring; said compressor including a motor; said compressor defining a compartment having an inlet and an outlet; a piston moveable in said compartment and separating said compartment into a compression chamber and an extension chamber, said piston moveable in response to actuation of said motor in a compression stroke toward said compression chamber and an extension stroke toward said extension chamber, and wherein reciprocal movement of said piston causes a build-up of air pressure at said outlet; said inlet and said outlet of said piston being selectively connectable to said reservoir and said at least one air spring in an inflation mode and a deflation mode, wherein said inlet is connected to said reservoir and said outlet is connected to said at least one air spring in said inflation mode, and wherein said inlet is connected to said air spring and said outlet is connected to said reservoir in said deflation mode; and said piston defining at least one passage extending between said extension chamber and said compression chamber, and said piston including at least one check valve positioned in said at least one passage and allowing air to flow from said inlet to said outlet while preventing air from flowing from said outlet to said inlet during said reciprocal movement of said piston such that air pressure in said compression chamber biases said piston toward said extension chamber to reduce a torque load on said motor during movement of said piston. 2. An air management system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said at least one passage includes a horizontal passage extending in a horizontal direction and fluidly connected to said compression chamber, and wherein said at least one passage further includes a vertical passage extending in a vertical direction being perpendicular to said horizontal direction from said horizontal passage to said extension chamber. 3. An air management system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said at least one check valve includes a first check valve located in said vertical passage. 4. An air management system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said at least one check valve includes an outlet check valve located in said outlet. 5. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 further including a seal positioned about said piston and sealing said piston relative to a wall of said compartment. 6. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said compressor includes a piston housing defining said compartment containing said piston, and wherein said piston extends through said piston housing to said motor. 7. An air management system as set forth in claim 1 further including a manifold block assembly fluidly connecting said air springs, said compressor and said reservoir. 8. An air management system as set forth in claim 7 wherein a first line extends from said outlet of said compressor to a compressor inlet port of said manifold block assembly, and wherein a second line extends from said inlet of said compressor to a suction port of said manifold block assembly. 9. An air management system as set forth in claim 8 further including at least one spring valve connected to said at least one air spring, and an H-bridge assembly for directing air between said reservoir, said compressor and said manifold block assembly, wherein said H-bridge assembly includes a first reservoir valve fluidly connected to said first line and the reservoir, a second reservoir valve fluidly connected to said second line and said reservoir, a first spring direction valve fluidly connected to said first line and at least one spring valve connected to said at least one air spring. 10. An air management system as set forth in claim 9 wherein said manifold block assembly further includes an electronic control unit. 11. An air management system as set forth in claim 10 further including an electronic control unit configured such that during a filling process of said at least one air spring, said second reservoir valve, said first spring direction valve and said at least one spring valve are opened and said first reservoir valve and said second spring directional valve are closed to cause air to pass from said reservoir, through said second reservoir valve and to said compression chamber to exert a force on said piston to reduce a torque load on said motor of said compressor, and to flow through said passage of said piston through said outlet of said compressor and through said first spring directional valve and to said at least one spring valve and said at least one air spring. 12. An air management system as set forth in claim 11 wherein said electronic control unit is further configured such that in a deflating process of said at least one air spring, said first reservoir valve, said second spring directional valve and said at least one spring valve are open and said second reservoir valve and said first spring directional valve are closed to cause air to pass from said at least one air spring through said second spring directional valve and to said compression chamber to exert pressure on said piston to reduce a torque load on said motor of said compressor, and air flows through said passage of said piston and through said outlet of said compressor and to said reservoir. 13. An air management system for an air suspension system of a vehicle, including:
a compressor for filling air springs of the air suspension system; said compressor including a motor and defining a compartment having an inlet and an outlet; a piston moveable in said compartment and separating said compartment into a compression chamber and an extension chamber, said piston moveable in response to actuation of said motor in a compression stroke toward said compression chamber and an extension stroke toward said extension chamber, and wherein reciprocal movement of said piston causes a build-up of air pressure at said outlet; and said piston defining at least one passage extending between said extension chamber and said compression chamber, and said piston including at least one check valve positioned in said at least one passage and allowing air to flow from said inlet to said outlet while preventing air from flowing from said outlet to said inlet during said reciprocal movement of said piston such that air pressure in said compression chamber biases said piston toward said extension chamber to reduce a torque load on said motor during movement of said piston. 14. The air management system as set forth in claim 13, further including at least one air spring for interconnecting a body and a wheel of the vehicle, and a reservoir fluidly connected to said at least one air spring and said compressor for receiving air from said compressor and said at least one air spring and passing air to the other of said at least one compressor and said at least one air spring. 15. The air management system as set forth in claim 14, wherein said inlet and said outlet of said piston are selectively connectable to said reservoir and said at least one air spring in an inflation mode and a deflation mode, wherein said inlet is connected to said reservoir and said outlet is connected to said at least one air spring in said inflation mode, and wherein said inlet is connected to said air spring and said outlet is connected to said reservoir in said deflation mode. 16. An air management system as set forth in claim 13, wherein said at least one passage includes a horizontal passage extending in a horizontal direction and fluidly connected to said compression chamber, and wherein said at least one passage further includes a vertical passage extending in a vertical direction being perpendicular to said horizontal direction from said horizontal passage to said extension chamber. 17. An air management system as set forth in claim 16 wherein said at least one check valve includes a first check valve located in said vertical passage. 18. An air management system as set forth in claim 16 wherein said at least one check valve includes an outlet check valve located in said outlet. 19. An air management system as set forth in claim 13 further including a seal positioned about said piston and sealing said piston relative to a wall of said compartment. 20. An air management system as set forth in claim 13 wherein said compressor includes a piston housing defining said compartment containing said piston, and wherein said piston extends through said piston housing to said motor. | 2,100 |
341,886 | 16,802,268 | 2,872 | The present invention provides an optical imaging lens. The optical imaging lens comprises seven lens elements positioned in an order from an object side to an image side. Through controlling convex or concave shape of surfaces of the lens elements and parameters to meet (EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800, the optical imaging lens may shorten system length with a good imaging quality. | 1. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first element, a second element, a third element, a fourth element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
the first lens element has positive refracting power; the third lens element has positive refracting power and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; lens elements having refracting power of the optical imaging lens consist of the seven lens elements described above; and an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a sum of the thicknesses of all seven lens elements along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the object-side surface of the sixth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D67, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the inequalities:
(EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, and T5, G56, T6 and T1 satisfy the inequality:
(T5+G56+T6)/T≤2.500. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, and EFL, T1, G12 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
EFL/(T1+G12+T2)≥4.500. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, andT3, AAG and T4 satisfy the inequality:
(T3+AAG)/T4≥5.500. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, and T3, T4 and T6 satisfy the inequality:
(T3+T4)/T6≤1.800. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and AAG, G12, G23 and G34 satisfy the inequality:
AAG/(G12+G23+G34)≥2.800. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and T1, T5 and G34 satisfy the inequality:
(T1+T5)/G34≤3.800. 8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and G12, T6, G23 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
(G12+T6)/(G23+G45)≤2.500. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and T3, T4, AAG and BFL satisfy the inequality:
(T3+T4+AAG)/BFL≤4.800. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and EFL, T5 and AAG satisfy the inequality:
(EFL+T5)/AAG≥1.800. 11. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first element, a second element, a third element, a fourth element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
the third lens element has positive refracting power and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is convex; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; lens elements having refracting power of the optical imaging lens consist of the seven lens elements described above; and an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a sum of the thicknesses of all seven lens elements along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the object-side surface of the sixth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D67, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the inequalities:
(EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, and T4, G45, T5 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
(T4+G45+T5)/T2≤5.000. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by TTL, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, and TTL, T1, T5, T6 and T7 satisfy the inequality:
TTL/(T1+T5+T6+T7)≤3.800. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein in a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and ALT, T1 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
ALT/(T1+G45)≤4.100. 15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, and G34, T6, G12 and T5 satisfy the inequality:
(G34+T6)/(G12+T5)≥2.500. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by TL, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and TL, G34, T4, G45 and G56 satisfy the inequality:
TL/(G34+T4+G45+G56)≤5.000. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and T2, T7 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
(T2+T7)/G45≤5.000. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and EFL and BFL satisfy the inequality:
EFL/BFL≥4.500. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, and T6, G12 and T5 satisfy the inequality:
T6/(G12+T5)≥1.500. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, and AAG, T1 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
AAG/(T1+T2)≤4.000. | The present invention provides an optical imaging lens. The optical imaging lens comprises seven lens elements positioned in an order from an object side to an image side. Through controlling convex or concave shape of surfaces of the lens elements and parameters to meet (EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800, the optical imaging lens may shorten system length with a good imaging quality.1. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first element, a second element, a third element, a fourth element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
the first lens element has positive refracting power; the third lens element has positive refracting power and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; lens elements having refracting power of the optical imaging lens consist of the seven lens elements described above; and an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a sum of the thicknesses of all seven lens elements along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the object-side surface of the sixth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D67, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the inequalities:
(EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, and T5, G56, T6 and T1 satisfy the inequality:
(T5+G56+T6)/T≤2.500. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, and EFL, T1, G12 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
EFL/(T1+G12+T2)≥4.500. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, andT3, AAG and T4 satisfy the inequality:
(T3+AAG)/T4≥5.500. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, and T3, T4 and T6 satisfy the inequality:
(T3+T4)/T6≤1.800. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and AAG, G12, G23 and G34 satisfy the inequality:
AAG/(G12+G23+G34)≥2.800. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, and T1, T5 and G34 satisfy the inequality:
(T1+T5)/G34≤3.800. 8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the second lens element to the object-side surface of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by G23, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and G12, T6, G23 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
(G12+T6)/(G23+G45)≤2.500. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis is represented by T3, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and T3, T4, AAG and BFL satisfy the inequality:
(T3+T4+AAG)/BFL≤4.800. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, and EFL, T5 and AAG satisfy the inequality:
(EFL+T5)/AAG≥1.800. 11. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first element, a second element, a third element, a fourth element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, each of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh lens elements having an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
the third lens element has positive refracting power and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is convex; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fourth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; lens elements having refracting power of the optical imaging lens consist of the seven lens elements described above; and an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens is represented by EFL, a sum of the thicknesses of all seven lens elements along the optical axis is represented by ALT, a distance from the object-side surface of the sixth lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by D67, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the inequalities:
(EFL+ALT)/D67≤4.800. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, and T4, G45, T5 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
(T4+G45+T5)/T2≤5.000. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by TTL, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, and TTL, T1, T5, T6 and T7 satisfy the inequality:
TTL/(T1+T5+T6+T7)≤3.800. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein in a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and ALT, T1 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
ALT/(T1+G45)≤4.100. 15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, and G34, T6, G12 and T5 satisfy the inequality:
(G34+T6)/(G12+T5)≥2.500. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by TL, a distance from the image-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G34, a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T4, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, a distance from the image-side surface of the fifth lens element to the object-side surface of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G56, and TL, G34, T4, G45 and G56 satisfy the inequality:
TL/(G34+T4+G45+G56)≤5.000. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by T7, a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the object-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis is represented by G45, and T2, T7 and G45 satisfy the inequality:
(T2+T7)/G45≤5.000. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis is represented by BFL, and EFL and BFL satisfy the inequality:
EFL/BFL≥4.500. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis is represented by T6, a distance from the image-side surface of the first lens element to the object-side surface of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by G12, a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T5, and T6, G12 and T5 satisfy the inequality:
T6/(G12+T5)≥1.500. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis is represented by T1, a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis is represented by AAG, a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis is represented by T2, and AAG, T1 and T2 satisfy the inequality:
AAG/(T1+T2)≤4.000. | 2,800 |
341,887 | 16,802,259 | 2,872 | If the printing protocol associated with a received print job is not an internet printing protocol, the number of times of printing is counted for each type of printing protocol. If the printing protocol associated with a received print job is an internet printing protocol, the number of times of printing is counted while distinguishing a transmission source application by identifying a transmission source application. | 1. A method executed by an apparatus that has a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the method comprising:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is maintained so that the printing using the IPP is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first application uses both of the IPP and an mDNS (MulticastDNS), and wherein the second application uses both of the IPP and the mDNS, and
wherein the outputted at least one setting screen includes the first setting, the second setting, the third setting and a fourth setting, and wherein the fourth setting indicates whether to permit a communication relating to the mDNS, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is automatically set so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted if the user changes sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is maintained so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
executing the first printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the first application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the first printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted; and executing the second printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the second application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the second printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first application is a first program installed in an external apparatus, and wherein the second application is a second program installed in the external apparatus. 7. The method according to claim 6,
wherein the external apparatus is a PC or a portable terminal. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor of an apparatus to execute a setting method, wherein the apparatus has a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the setting method comprising:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 9. An apparatus having a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the apparatus comprising:
a memory that stores a program; and a processor that executes the program to perform:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and
wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and
changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is maintained so that the printing using the IPP is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first application uses both of the IPP and an mDNS (MulticastDNS), and wherein the second application uses both of the IPP and the mDNS, and
wherein the outputted at least one setting screen further includes a fourth setting, and wherein the fourth setting indicates whether to permit a communication relating to the mDNS, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is automatically set so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted if the user changes sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is maintained so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the processor executes the program to further perform:
executing the first printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the first application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the first printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted; and executing the second printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the second application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the second printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted. 14. The apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the first application is a first program installed in an external apparatus, and wherein the second application is a second program installed in the external apparatus. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14,
wherein the external apparatus is a PC or a portable terminal. | If the printing protocol associated with a received print job is not an internet printing protocol, the number of times of printing is counted for each type of printing protocol. If the printing protocol associated with a received print job is an internet printing protocol, the number of times of printing is counted while distinguishing a transmission source application by identifying a transmission source application.1. A method executed by an apparatus that has a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the method comprising:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is maintained so that the printing using the IPP is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first application uses both of the IPP and an mDNS (MulticastDNS), and wherein the second application uses both of the IPP and the mDNS, and
wherein the outputted at least one setting screen includes the first setting, the second setting, the third setting and a fourth setting, and wherein the fourth setting indicates whether to permit a communication relating to the mDNS, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is automatically set so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted if the user changes sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is maintained so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
executing the first printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the first application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the first printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted; and executing the second printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the second application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the second printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the first application is a first program installed in an external apparatus, and wherein the second application is a second program installed in the external apparatus. 7. The method according to claim 6,
wherein the external apparatus is a PC or a portable terminal. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor of an apparatus to execute a setting method, wherein the apparatus has a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the setting method comprising:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 9. An apparatus having a first printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a first application using an IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) and a second printing function that executes a printing based on data transmitted from a second application using the IPP, the apparatus comprising:
a memory that stores a program; and a processor that executes the program to perform:
outputting at least one setting screen including a first setting, a second setting and a third setting, wherein the first setting indicates whether to permit executing the first printing function, and wherein the second setting indicates whether to permit executing the second printing function, and wherein the third setting indicates whether to permit printing using the IPP, and
wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is automatically set so that the printing using the IPP is permitted if a user sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted; and
changing at least one of settings of the apparatus according to at least settings set on the outputted at least one setting screen. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the third setting is maintained so that the printing using the IPP is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first application uses both of the IPP and an mDNS (MulticastDNS), and wherein the second application uses both of the IPP and the mDNS, and
wherein the outputted at least one setting screen further includes a fourth setting, and wherein the fourth setting indicates whether to permit a communication relating to the mDNS, and wherein, on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is automatically set so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted if the user changes sets at least one of the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is permitted and the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is permitted. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein on the outputted at least one setting screen, the fourth setting is maintained so that the communication relating to the mDNS is permitted even if the user changes the first setting so that the executing of the first printing function is not permitted and/or the second setting so that the executing of the second printing function is not permitted. 13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the processor executes the program to further perform:
executing the first printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the first application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the first printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted; and executing the second printing function in response to receiving data transmitted from the second application using the IPP when the apparatus is set so that both of the executing of the second printing function and the printing using the IPP are permitted. 14. The apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the first application is a first program installed in an external apparatus, and wherein the second application is a second program installed in the external apparatus. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14,
wherein the external apparatus is a PC or a portable terminal. | 2,800 |
341,888 | 16,802,269 | 1,745 | A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support or panel comprising: a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and rotate in the opposite directions (i.e., one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise) so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the sequence of PSA patches on the polyimide sheet each successively come in contact with the sequence of solar cell assemblies disposed on release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to make contact and be automatically transferred from the first side of release liner to the first side of the polyimide sheet and sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. | 1. A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support comprising:
a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and operable to rotate in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction as one another, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet successively come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cell assemblies to a first side of the flexible support by a sequence of discrete spaced-apart PSA patches. 3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the first side of the flexible support is in the shape of, and congruent to the shape of, each respective solar cell assembly. 4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a second side of the flexible support has discrete predefined PSA regions thereon, each of which is shaped and sized to match a portion of a panel of a space vehicle or satellite. 5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support is composed of (4,4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) material. 6. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of each of the solar cells is composed of metal and is bonded to the flexible support. 7. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein adjacent ones of the solar cells are separated from one another by a distance between 5 and 25 microns. 8. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the solar cells has a dimension in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm on a side. 9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support has a thickness of between 25 and 100 microns. 10. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to attach the solar cells to the flexible support in an adhesive-less manner. 11. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the PSA patches are double-sided, and the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cells to the first side of the polyimide sheet by the double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive patches. 12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the second side of the polyimide sheet is configured for mounting on a metallic honeycomb structure. 13. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the double-faced PSA patches is sized and shaped so that its shape matches, and is congruent to, that of a peripheral outline of respective ones of the solar cells. 14. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the double-faced PSA patched and the flexible support together by a co-curing process bond. 15. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the PSA patches is a single-layer PSA film. 16. An apparatus as defined in as defined in claim 15, wherein each of the PSA patches is either a patterned or continuous layer disposed on the film. 17. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the PSA is an acrylic or a silicone adhesive. 18. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the first roller is operable to rotate in clockwise direction and the second roller is operable to rotate in counter-clockwise direction. 19. A method of mounting an array of solar cells on a support or panel in an automated manner, the method comprising:
providing a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies is mounted, the release carrier being mounted on a first spool and wound around the axis of the first spool; providing a second spool having an axis parallel to the axis of the first spool and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; and rotating the spools in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the spools in the same direction as one another such that the release carrier and the polyimide sheet are unwound respectively from the first and second spools; wherein the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective spools exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 20. A method of fabricating a solar cell array module comprising:
providing an aluminum honeycomb support; providing a carbon composite face sheet having an array of solar cell assemblies mounted on a top side of the face sheet; providing a pattern of discrete predefined pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) regions in an automated manner on a side of the honeycomb support opposite the face sheet; and mounting a bottom side of the carbon composite face sheet on the honeycomb support. | A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support or panel comprising: a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and rotate in the opposite directions (i.e., one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise) so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the sequence of PSA patches on the polyimide sheet each successively come in contact with the sequence of solar cell assemblies disposed on release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to make contact and be automatically transferred from the first side of release liner to the first side of the polyimide sheet and sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon.1. A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support comprising:
a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and operable to rotate in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction as one another, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet successively come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cell assemblies to a first side of the flexible support by a sequence of discrete spaced-apart PSA patches. 3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the first side of the flexible support is in the shape of, and congruent to the shape of, each respective solar cell assembly. 4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a second side of the flexible support has discrete predefined PSA regions thereon, each of which is shaped and sized to match a portion of a panel of a space vehicle or satellite. 5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support is composed of (4,4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) material. 6. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of each of the solar cells is composed of metal and is bonded to the flexible support. 7. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein adjacent ones of the solar cells are separated from one another by a distance between 5 and 25 microns. 8. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the solar cells has a dimension in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm on a side. 9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support has a thickness of between 25 and 100 microns. 10. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to attach the solar cells to the flexible support in an adhesive-less manner. 11. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the PSA patches are double-sided, and the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cells to the first side of the polyimide sheet by the double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive patches. 12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the second side of the polyimide sheet is configured for mounting on a metallic honeycomb structure. 13. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the double-faced PSA patches is sized and shaped so that its shape matches, and is congruent to, that of a peripheral outline of respective ones of the solar cells. 14. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the double-faced PSA patched and the flexible support together by a co-curing process bond. 15. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the PSA patches is a single-layer PSA film. 16. An apparatus as defined in as defined in claim 15, wherein each of the PSA patches is either a patterned or continuous layer disposed on the film. 17. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the PSA is an acrylic or a silicone adhesive. 18. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the first roller is operable to rotate in clockwise direction and the second roller is operable to rotate in counter-clockwise direction. 19. A method of mounting an array of solar cells on a support or panel in an automated manner, the method comprising:
providing a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies is mounted, the release carrier being mounted on a first spool and wound around the axis of the first spool; providing a second spool having an axis parallel to the axis of the first spool and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; and rotating the spools in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the spools in the same direction as one another such that the release carrier and the polyimide sheet are unwound respectively from the first and second spools; wherein the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective spools exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 20. A method of fabricating a solar cell array module comprising:
providing an aluminum honeycomb support; providing a carbon composite face sheet having an array of solar cell assemblies mounted on a top side of the face sheet; providing a pattern of discrete predefined pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) regions in an automated manner on a side of the honeycomb support opposite the face sheet; and mounting a bottom side of the carbon composite face sheet on the honeycomb support. | 1,700 |
341,889 | 16,802,260 | 3,725 | A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support or panel comprising: a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and rotate in the opposite directions (i.e., one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise) so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the sequence of PSA patches on the polyimide sheet each successively come in contact with the sequence of solar cell assemblies disposed on release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to make contact and be automatically transferred from the first side of release liner to the first side of the polyimide sheet and sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. | 1. A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support comprising:
a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and operable to rotate in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction as one another, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet successively come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cell assemblies to a first side of the flexible support by a sequence of discrete spaced-apart PSA patches. 3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the first side of the flexible support is in the shape of, and congruent to the shape of, each respective solar cell assembly. 4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a second side of the flexible support has discrete predefined PSA regions thereon, each of which is shaped and sized to match a portion of a panel of a space vehicle or satellite. 5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support is composed of (4,4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) material. 6. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of each of the solar cells is composed of metal and is bonded to the flexible support. 7. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein adjacent ones of the solar cells are separated from one another by a distance between 5 and 25 microns. 8. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the solar cells has a dimension in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm on a side. 9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support has a thickness of between 25 and 100 microns. 10. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to attach the solar cells to the flexible support in an adhesive-less manner. 11. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the PSA patches are double-sided, and the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cells to the first side of the polyimide sheet by the double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive patches. 12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the second side of the polyimide sheet is configured for mounting on a metallic honeycomb structure. 13. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the double-faced PSA patches is sized and shaped so that its shape matches, and is congruent to, that of a peripheral outline of respective ones of the solar cells. 14. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the double-faced PSA patched and the flexible support together by a co-curing process bond. 15. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the PSA patches is a single-layer PSA film. 16. An apparatus as defined in as defined in claim 15, wherein each of the PSA patches is either a patterned or continuous layer disposed on the film. 17. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the PSA is an acrylic or a silicone adhesive. 18. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the first roller is operable to rotate in clockwise direction and the second roller is operable to rotate in counter-clockwise direction. 19. A method of mounting an array of solar cells on a support or panel in an automated manner, the method comprising:
providing a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies is mounted, the release carrier being mounted on a first spool and wound around the axis of the first spool; providing a second spool having an axis parallel to the axis of the first spool and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; and rotating the spools in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the spools in the same direction as one another such that the release carrier and the polyimide sheet are unwound respectively from the first and second spools; wherein the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective spools exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 20. A method of fabricating a solar cell array module comprising:
providing an aluminum honeycomb support; providing a carbon composite face sheet having an array of solar cell assemblies mounted on a top side of the face sheet; providing a pattern of discrete predefined pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) regions in an automated manner on a side of the honeycomb support opposite the face sheet; and mounting a bottom side of the carbon composite face sheet on the honeycomb support. | A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support or panel comprising: a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and rotate in the opposite directions (i.e., one clockwise and the other counter-clockwise) so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the sequence of PSA patches on the polyimide sheet each successively come in contact with the sequence of solar cell assemblies disposed on release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to make contact and be automatically transferred from the first side of release liner to the first side of the polyimide sheet and sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon.1. A manufacturing apparatus for mounting an array of solar cells on a flexible support comprising:
a first roller having an axis and supporting a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies are mounted on a spool and wound around the axis; a second roller having an axis parallel to the axis of the first roller and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; wherein the first and second rollers are aligned and operable to rotate in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the rollers in the same direction as one another, and wherein as the release carrier and the polyimide sheet respectively are unwound from the first and second rollers, the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet successively come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective rollers exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cell assemblies to a first side of the flexible support by a sequence of discrete spaced-apart PSA patches. 3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the first side of the flexible support is in the shape of, and congruent to the shape of, each respective solar cell assembly. 4. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a second side of the flexible support has discrete predefined PSA regions thereon, each of which is shaped and sized to match a portion of a panel of a space vehicle or satellite. 5. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support is composed of (4,4′-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) material. 6. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of each of the solar cells is composed of metal and is bonded to the flexible support. 7. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein adjacent ones of the solar cells are separated from one another by a distance between 5 and 25 microns. 8. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the solar cells has a dimension in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm on a side. 9. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible support has a thickness of between 25 and 100 microns. 10. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is operable to attach the solar cells to the flexible support in an adhesive-less manner. 11. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the PSA patches are double-sided, and the apparatus is operable to bond the solar cells to the first side of the polyimide sheet by the double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive patches. 12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the second side of the polyimide sheet is configured for mounting on a metallic honeycomb structure. 13. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the double-faced PSA patches is sized and shaped so that its shape matches, and is congruent to, that of a peripheral outline of respective ones of the solar cells. 14. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein the apparatus is operable to bond the double-faced PSA patched and the flexible support together by a co-curing process bond. 15. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein each of the PSA patches is a single-layer PSA film. 16. An apparatus as defined in as defined in claim 15, wherein each of the PSA patches is either a patterned or continuous layer disposed on the film. 17. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the PSA is an acrylic or a silicone adhesive. 18. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the first roller is operable to rotate in clockwise direction and the second roller is operable to rotate in counter-clockwise direction. 19. A method of mounting an array of solar cells on a support or panel in an automated manner, the method comprising:
providing a release carrier on which a sequence of solar cell assemblies is mounted, the release carrier being mounted on a first spool and wound around the axis of the first spool; providing a second spool having an axis parallel to the axis of the first spool and supporting a polyimide sheet having a sequence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) patches on which the solar cell assemblies are to be mounted; and rotating the spools in opposite directions from one another so that the release carrier and polyimide sheet are transported between the spools in the same direction as one another such that the release carrier and the polyimide sheet are unwound respectively from the first and second spools; wherein the PSA patches on the polyimide sheet come in contact with the solar cell assemblies disposed on the release carrier, and the respective spools exert sufficient pressure on the polyimide sheet and the release liner to cause each solar assembly to be transferred from a first side of the release liner to a first side of the polyimide sheet so as to be sequentially positioned on the PSA patches thereon. 20. A method of fabricating a solar cell array module comprising:
providing an aluminum honeycomb support; providing a carbon composite face sheet having an array of solar cell assemblies mounted on a top side of the face sheet; providing a pattern of discrete predefined pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) regions in an automated manner on a side of the honeycomb support opposite the face sheet; and mounting a bottom side of the carbon composite face sheet on the honeycomb support. | 3,700 |
341,890 | 16,802,254 | 3,725 | A computer system for automating the shifting of pixels within a digital video receives a first starting point through a user interface. The first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a video frame. The system then receives a first ending point through the user interface. The first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion of the user interface. The system selects a first set of pixels that lie between the first starting point and the first ending point. The system then shifts the first set of pixels in the first direction, wherein shifting the first set of pixels comprises rendering and re-rendering in a loop the first set of pixels being shifted. | 1. A computer system providing, to a client computing device, software for automating a shifting of pixels within a video file, the computer system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having stored thereon executable instructions that are transmitted to the client computing device for execution by one or more client processors on the client computing device, the executable instructions comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more client processors configure the client computing device to perform at least the following:
access, from memory, a digital image file, wherein the digital image file comprises information that corresponds to individual pixels within a frame of the digital image file;
receive a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a first image frame;
receive a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion;
create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point, wherein the first digital link comprises:
a first direction extending from the first starting point to the first ending point; and
a first length between the first starting point and the first ending point;
identify a first set of pixels that lie along the first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; and
shift the first set of pixels in the first direction. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first ending portion comprises a particular portion of the first image frame. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the digital image file comprises a video file and the first image frame comprises a first video frame of the video file. 4. The computer system of claim 3, wherein the first ending portion comprises a particular portion of a second video frame within the video file. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the first digital link extends across the first video frame and the second video frame, and the first video frame and the second video frame are different. 6. The computer system of claim 5, wherein the executable instructions include instructions that are executable to:
select, from within the first video frame, a first set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link; shift the first set of pixels within the first video frame along a first portion of the first digital link; select, from within the second video frame, another set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link; and shift the other set of pixels within the second video frame along a second portion of the first digital link. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein shifting the first set of pixels occurs at a shifting rate that is faster than a frame rate associated with the first video frame and the second video frame. 8. The computer system of claim 1, wherein shifting the first set of pixels comprises rendering in a loop the first set of pixels being shifted within the first image frame. 9. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the executable instructions include instructions that are executable to configure the computer system to:
receive a second starting point through the user interface, wherein the second starting point is received through a user selection of a second beginning portion of the first image frame; receive a second ending point through the user interface, wherein the second ending point is received through a user selection of a second ending portion; create a second digital link between the second starting point and the second ending point, wherein the second digital link comprises:
a second direction extending from the second starting point to the second ending point; and
a second length between the second starting point and the second ending point;
identify a second set of pixels that lie between the second starting point and the second ending point; and shift the second set of pixels in the second direction. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction. 11. The computer system of claim 9, wherein a magnitude of the shifting of the first set of pixels is proportionally related to the first length and the magnitude of the shifting of the second set of pixels is proportionally related to the second length. 12. A computer program product comprising one or more computer storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when transmitted to a remote computer system for execution at a processor, cause a computer system to perform a method for automating a shifting of pixels within an image file, the method comprising:
receiving a first indication of a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first portion of a first image frame; receiving, through the user interface, a first direction associated with the first starting point; creating a first digital link extending in the first direction from the first starting point; selecting a first set of pixels that are along the first digital link and extend in the first direction away from the first starting point; and shifting the first set of pixels, in the first image frame, in the first direction. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising receiving an indication to generate a first mask over a second portion of the first image frame, wherein pixels under the first mask are prevented from shifting. 14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising receiving through a user interface a selection of the second portion of the first image frame around which the first mask should be generated. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying one or more edges that form a first boundary around the second portion; and generating the first mask to cover area within the first boundary. 16. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
mapping the second portion of the first image frame to an equivalent portion in a second image frame, wherein the first image frame comprises a first video frame of a video file and the second image frame comprises a second video frame of the video file; identifying one or more edges that form a second boundary around the second portion; and generating a second mask to cover area within the second boundary. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a second indication of a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a particular portion of the second video frame; create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; selecting, within the second video frame, a second set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link and extending towards the first ending point; and shifting the second set of pixels towards the first ending point. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein pixels within the second video frame that are covered by the second mask are prevented from shifting. 19. A method for transmitting to a client computing device instructions for shifting pixels within a video file, comprising:
transmitting computer executable instructions to a client computing device, the computer executable instructions configured to cause the client computing device to:
access, from memory, a digital image file, wherein the digital image file comprises information that corresponds to individual pixels within a frame of the digital image file;
receive a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a first image frame;
receive a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion;
create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point, wherein the first digital link comprises:
a first direction extending from the first starting point to the first ending point; and
a first length between the first starting point and the first ending point;
identify a first set of pixels that lie along the first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; and
shift the first set of pixels in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the digital image file comprises a video file and the first image frame comprises a frame of the video file. | A computer system for automating the shifting of pixels within a digital video receives a first starting point through a user interface. The first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a video frame. The system then receives a first ending point through the user interface. The first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion of the user interface. The system selects a first set of pixels that lie between the first starting point and the first ending point. The system then shifts the first set of pixels in the first direction, wherein shifting the first set of pixels comprises rendering and re-rendering in a loop the first set of pixels being shifted.1. A computer system providing, to a client computing device, software for automating a shifting of pixels within a video file, the computer system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having stored thereon executable instructions that are transmitted to the client computing device for execution by one or more client processors on the client computing device, the executable instructions comprising instructions that when executed by the one or more client processors configure the client computing device to perform at least the following:
access, from memory, a digital image file, wherein the digital image file comprises information that corresponds to individual pixels within a frame of the digital image file;
receive a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a first image frame;
receive a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion;
create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point, wherein the first digital link comprises:
a first direction extending from the first starting point to the first ending point; and
a first length between the first starting point and the first ending point;
identify a first set of pixels that lie along the first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; and
shift the first set of pixels in the first direction. 2. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first ending portion comprises a particular portion of the first image frame. 3. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the digital image file comprises a video file and the first image frame comprises a first video frame of the video file. 4. The computer system of claim 3, wherein the first ending portion comprises a particular portion of a second video frame within the video file. 5. The computer system of claim 4, wherein the first digital link extends across the first video frame and the second video frame, and the first video frame and the second video frame are different. 6. The computer system of claim 5, wherein the executable instructions include instructions that are executable to:
select, from within the first video frame, a first set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link; shift the first set of pixels within the first video frame along a first portion of the first digital link; select, from within the second video frame, another set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link; and shift the other set of pixels within the second video frame along a second portion of the first digital link. 7. The computer system of claim 6, wherein shifting the first set of pixels occurs at a shifting rate that is faster than a frame rate associated with the first video frame and the second video frame. 8. The computer system of claim 1, wherein shifting the first set of pixels comprises rendering in a loop the first set of pixels being shifted within the first image frame. 9. The computer system of claim 1, wherein the executable instructions include instructions that are executable to configure the computer system to:
receive a second starting point through the user interface, wherein the second starting point is received through a user selection of a second beginning portion of the first image frame; receive a second ending point through the user interface, wherein the second ending point is received through a user selection of a second ending portion; create a second digital link between the second starting point and the second ending point, wherein the second digital link comprises:
a second direction extending from the second starting point to the second ending point; and
a second length between the second starting point and the second ending point;
identify a second set of pixels that lie between the second starting point and the second ending point; and shift the second set of pixels in the second direction. 10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction. 11. The computer system of claim 9, wherein a magnitude of the shifting of the first set of pixels is proportionally related to the first length and the magnitude of the shifting of the second set of pixels is proportionally related to the second length. 12. A computer program product comprising one or more computer storage media having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when transmitted to a remote computer system for execution at a processor, cause a computer system to perform a method for automating a shifting of pixels within an image file, the method comprising:
receiving a first indication of a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first portion of a first image frame; receiving, through the user interface, a first direction associated with the first starting point; creating a first digital link extending in the first direction from the first starting point; selecting a first set of pixels that are along the first digital link and extend in the first direction away from the first starting point; and shifting the first set of pixels, in the first image frame, in the first direction. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising receiving an indication to generate a first mask over a second portion of the first image frame, wherein pixels under the first mask are prevented from shifting. 14. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising receiving through a user interface a selection of the second portion of the first image frame around which the first mask should be generated. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
identifying one or more edges that form a first boundary around the second portion; and generating the first mask to cover area within the first boundary. 16. The method as recited in claim 13, further comprising:
mapping the second portion of the first image frame to an equivalent portion in a second image frame, wherein the first image frame comprises a first video frame of a video file and the second image frame comprises a second video frame of the video file; identifying one or more edges that form a second boundary around the second portion; and generating a second mask to cover area within the second boundary. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising:
receiving a second indication of a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a particular portion of the second video frame; create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; selecting, within the second video frame, a second set of pixels adjacent to the first digital link and extending towards the first ending point; and shifting the second set of pixels towards the first ending point. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein pixels within the second video frame that are covered by the second mask are prevented from shifting. 19. A method for transmitting to a client computing device instructions for shifting pixels within a video file, comprising:
transmitting computer executable instructions to a client computing device, the computer executable instructions configured to cause the client computing device to:
access, from memory, a digital image file, wherein the digital image file comprises information that corresponds to individual pixels within a frame of the digital image file;
receive a first starting point through a user interface, wherein the first starting point is received through a user selection of a first beginning portion of a first image frame;
receive a first ending point through the user interface, wherein the first ending point is received through a user selection of a first ending portion;
create a first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point, wherein the first digital link comprises:
a first direction extending from the first starting point to the first ending point; and
a first length between the first starting point and the first ending point;
identify a first set of pixels that lie along the first digital link between the first starting point and the first ending point; and
shift the first set of pixels in the first direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the digital image file comprises a video file and the first image frame comprises a frame of the video file. | 3,700 |
341,891 | 16,802,243 | 3,725 | Images can be edited to include features similar to a different target image. An unconditional generative adversarial network (GAN) is employed to edit features of an initial image based on a constraint determined from a target image. The constraint used by the GAN is determined from keypoints or segmentation masks of the target image, and edits are made to features of the initial image based on keypoints or segmentation masks of the initial image corresponding to those of the constraint from the target image. The GAN modifies the initial image based on a loss function having a variable for the constraint. The result of this optimization process is a modified initial image having features similar to the target image subject to the constraint determined from the identified keypoints or segmentation masks. | 1. One or more computer storage media having computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations for image modification, the operations comprising:
receiving an initial image; generating an initial image latent code for the initial image; reconstructing the initial image from the initial image latent code; identifying initial image keypoints or initial image segmentation masks from the reconstructed initial image; identifying target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks for a target image, the target image different from the initial image; modifying the initial image latent code based on the initial image keypoints or the initial image segmentation masks and a constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks; and generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 2. The media of claim 1, wherein the modification to the initial image latent code is performed using a loss function of a generative adversarial network, the loss function having a variable associated with the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 3. The media of claim 2, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. 4. The media of claim 1, further comprising determining a target image heatmap from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, the target image heatmap representing a portion of the target image, wherein the constraint comprises the target image heatmap. 5. The media of claim 4, further comprising determining an initial image heatmap from the initial image keypoints or initial image segmentation masks, the initial image heatmap representing a portion of the initial image, wherein the initial image heatmap and the target image heatmap represent corresponding portions. 6. The media of claim 5, wherein the initial image latent code associated with the initial image heatmap and the target image heatmap are inputs to a generative adversarial network. 7. The media of claim 1, further comprising receiving a selected portion of the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, wherein the selected portion determines the constraint for modifying the initial image latent code. 8. The media of claim 1, wherein the initial image and the target image each comprises a face, the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks respectively comprising target image facial keypoints or target image facial segmentation masks, the modified initial image comprising a modification to the face of the initial image, the modification simulating an area of the target image associated with the constraint. 9. The media of claim 1, wherein modifying the initial image latent code is performed as part of an optimization process, the optimization process including a color constraint that maintains pixel color of the initial image. 10. A computerized method for image modification, the method comprising:
receiving an initial image latent code determined for an initial image; modifying the initial image latent code based on a constraint, the constraint determined from target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks associated with a target image, the target image different from the initial image; and generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial image latent code is modified using a generative adversarial network based on the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the constraint comprises a target image heatmap representing an area of the target image, the target image heatmap determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a portion of the initial image latent code associated with an initial image heatmap is modified, the initial image heatmap representing an area of the initial image that corresponds to the area of the target image represented by the target image heatmap. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving a selected portion of the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, wherein the selected portion determines the constraint for modifying the initial image latent code. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial image and the target image each comprises a face, the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks respectively comprising target image facial keypoints or target image facial segmentation masks, the modified initial image comprising a modification to the face of the initial image, the modification simulating an area of the target image associated with the constraint. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein modifying the initial image latent code is performed as part of an optimization process, the optimization process including a color constraint that maintains pixel color of the initial image. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the constraint comprises a combined target image heatmap generated from a combination of two or more target image heatmaps, the two or more target image heatmaps determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 19. A computer system for image modification, the system comprising:
means for modifying an initial image latent code of an initial image, the modification based on a constraint determined from target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks associated with a target image, the target image different from the initial image, wherein the means for modifying the initial image latent code comprises a generative adversarial network, the generative adversarial network including a loss function having a variable associated with the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks; and means for generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. | Images can be edited to include features similar to a different target image. An unconditional generative adversarial network (GAN) is employed to edit features of an initial image based on a constraint determined from a target image. The constraint used by the GAN is determined from keypoints or segmentation masks of the target image, and edits are made to features of the initial image based on keypoints or segmentation masks of the initial image corresponding to those of the constraint from the target image. The GAN modifies the initial image based on a loss function having a variable for the constraint. The result of this optimization process is a modified initial image having features similar to the target image subject to the constraint determined from the identified keypoints or segmentation masks.1. One or more computer storage media having computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations for image modification, the operations comprising:
receiving an initial image; generating an initial image latent code for the initial image; reconstructing the initial image from the initial image latent code; identifying initial image keypoints or initial image segmentation masks from the reconstructed initial image; identifying target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks for a target image, the target image different from the initial image; modifying the initial image latent code based on the initial image keypoints or the initial image segmentation masks and a constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks; and generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 2. The media of claim 1, wherein the modification to the initial image latent code is performed using a loss function of a generative adversarial network, the loss function having a variable associated with the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 3. The media of claim 2, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. 4. The media of claim 1, further comprising determining a target image heatmap from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, the target image heatmap representing a portion of the target image, wherein the constraint comprises the target image heatmap. 5. The media of claim 4, further comprising determining an initial image heatmap from the initial image keypoints or initial image segmentation masks, the initial image heatmap representing a portion of the initial image, wherein the initial image heatmap and the target image heatmap represent corresponding portions. 6. The media of claim 5, wherein the initial image latent code associated with the initial image heatmap and the target image heatmap are inputs to a generative adversarial network. 7. The media of claim 1, further comprising receiving a selected portion of the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, wherein the selected portion determines the constraint for modifying the initial image latent code. 8. The media of claim 1, wherein the initial image and the target image each comprises a face, the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks respectively comprising target image facial keypoints or target image facial segmentation masks, the modified initial image comprising a modification to the face of the initial image, the modification simulating an area of the target image associated with the constraint. 9. The media of claim 1, wherein modifying the initial image latent code is performed as part of an optimization process, the optimization process including a color constraint that maintains pixel color of the initial image. 10. A computerized method for image modification, the method comprising:
receiving an initial image latent code determined for an initial image; modifying the initial image latent code based on a constraint, the constraint determined from target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks associated with a target image, the target image different from the initial image; and generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial image latent code is modified using a generative adversarial network based on the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the constraint comprises a target image heatmap representing an area of the target image, the target image heatmap determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a portion of the initial image latent code associated with an initial image heatmap is modified, the initial image heatmap representing an area of the initial image that corresponds to the area of the target image represented by the target image heatmap. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving a selected portion of the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks, wherein the selected portion determines the constraint for modifying the initial image latent code. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the initial image and the target image each comprises a face, the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks respectively comprising target image facial keypoints or target image facial segmentation masks, the modified initial image comprising a modification to the face of the initial image, the modification simulating an area of the target image associated with the constraint. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein modifying the initial image latent code is performed as part of an optimization process, the optimization process including a color constraint that maintains pixel color of the initial image. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the constraint comprises a combined target image heatmap generated from a combination of two or more target image heatmaps, the two or more target image heatmaps determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks. 19. A computer system for image modification, the system comprising:
means for modifying an initial image latent code of an initial image, the modification based on a constraint determined from target image keypoints or target image segmentation masks associated with a target image, the target image different from the initial image, wherein the means for modifying the initial image latent code comprises a generative adversarial network, the generative adversarial network including a loss function having a variable associated with the constraint determined from the target image keypoints or the target image segmentation masks; and means for generating a modified initial image from the modified initial image latent code. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the generative adversarial network is unconditional. | 3,700 |
341,892 | 16,802,246 | 3,725 | Semiconductor devices, integrated circuits and methods of forming the same are provided. In one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a metal-insulator-metal structure which includes a bottom conductor plate layer including a first opening and a second opening, a first dielectric layer over the bottom conductor plate layer, a middle conductor plate layer over the first dielectric layer and including a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening, a second dielectric layer over the middle conductor plate layer, and a top conductor plate layer over the second dielectric layer and including a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening. The first opening, the first dummy plate, and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a metal-insulator-metal structure comprising:
a bottom conductor plate layer comprising a first opening and a second opening,
a first dielectric layer over the bottom conductor plate layer,
a middle conductor plate layer over the first dielectric layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening,
a second dielectric layer over the middle conductor plate layer, and
a top conductor plate layer over the second dielectric layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening,
wherein the first opening, the first dummy plate, and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second opening and the third dummy plate are vertically aligned. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first dummy plate, the second dummy plate, and the third dummy plate are electrically floating. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first contact via electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the third dummy plate, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, the first contact via extends through first opening in the bottom conductor plate layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second contact via electrically coupled to the third dummy plate and the middle conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, the second contact via extends through second opening in the bottom conductor plate layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third contact via electrically coupled to the bottom conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the middle conductor plate layer. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, the third contact via extends through fourth opening in the middle conductor plate layer. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a dielectric layer over the substrate; and a metal-insulator-metal structure embedded in the dielectric layer, the metal-insulator-metal structure comprising:
a bottom conductor plate layer comprising a first opening and a second opening,
a first insulator layer over the bottom conductor plate layer,
a middle conductor plate layer over the first insulator layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening,
a second insulator layer over the middle conductor plate layer,
a top conductor plate layer over the second insulator layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening,
wherein the first opening, the third opening, and the fifth opening are vertically aligned,
wherein a first vertical projection area of the fifth opening is greater than a second vertical projection area of the third opening,
wherein the second vertical projection area of the third opening is greater than a third vertical projection area of the first opening. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the first dummy plate and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned, wherein a fourth vertical projection area of the second dummy plate is greater than a fifth vertical projection area of the first dummy plate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the second opening and the sixth opening are vertically aligned, wherein a sixth vertical projection area of the sixth opening is greater than a seventh vertical projection area of the second opening. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the first dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the middle conductor plate layer, wherein the second dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer, wherein the third dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a first contact via electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the third dummy plate, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a second contact via electrically coupled to the third dummy plate and the middle conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a third contact via electrically coupled to the bottom conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the middle conductor plate layer. 17-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a first contact feature, a second contact feature, and a third contact feature over a substrate; a dielectric layer over the first contact feature, the second contact feature and the third contact feature; a bottom conductor plate layer over the dielectric layer comprising a first opening and a second opening; a middle conductor plate layer over and insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening and a fourth opening; a top conductor plate layer over and insulated from the middle conductor plate layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening and a sixth opening; a first contact via extending through the first opening, the third opening, and the fifth opening to electrically couple to the first contact feature; a second contact via extending through the second opening and the sixth opening to electrically couple to the middle conductor plate layer and the second contact feature; and a third contact via extending through the fourth opening to electrically couple to the top conductor plate layer, the bottom conductor plate layer and the third contact feature, wherein the first contact via is electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer, the middle conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer. 22. The semiconductor structure of claim 21,
wherein a first vertical projection area of the fifth opening is greater than a second vertical projection area of the third opening, wherein the second vertical projection area of the third opening is greater than a third vertical projection area of the first opening. 23. The semiconductor structure of claim 22, further comprising:
a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening and insulated from the rest of the middle conductor plate layer; a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening and insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer; and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening and insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer. 24. The semiconductor structure of claim 23,
wherein the first contact via extends through and is electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the second dummy plate, wherein the second contact via extends though and is electrically coupled to the third dummy plate. | Semiconductor devices, integrated circuits and methods of forming the same are provided. In one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a metal-insulator-metal structure which includes a bottom conductor plate layer including a first opening and a second opening, a first dielectric layer over the bottom conductor plate layer, a middle conductor plate layer over the first dielectric layer and including a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening, a second dielectric layer over the middle conductor plate layer, and a top conductor plate layer over the second dielectric layer and including a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening. The first opening, the first dummy plate, and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a metal-insulator-metal structure comprising:
a bottom conductor plate layer comprising a first opening and a second opening,
a first dielectric layer over the bottom conductor plate layer,
a middle conductor plate layer over the first dielectric layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening,
a second dielectric layer over the middle conductor plate layer, and
a top conductor plate layer over the second dielectric layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening,
wherein the first opening, the first dummy plate, and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second opening and the third dummy plate are vertically aligned. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first dummy plate, the second dummy plate, and the third dummy plate are electrically floating. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first contact via electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the third dummy plate, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, the first contact via extends through first opening in the bottom conductor plate layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second contact via electrically coupled to the third dummy plate and the middle conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, the second contact via extends through second opening in the bottom conductor plate layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third contact via electrically coupled to the bottom conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the middle conductor plate layer. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, the third contact via extends through fourth opening in the middle conductor plate layer. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a dielectric layer over the substrate; and a metal-insulator-metal structure embedded in the dielectric layer, the metal-insulator-metal structure comprising:
a bottom conductor plate layer comprising a first opening and a second opening,
a first insulator layer over the bottom conductor plate layer,
a middle conductor plate layer over the first insulator layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening, a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening, and a fourth opening,
a second insulator layer over the middle conductor plate layer,
a top conductor plate layer over the second insulator layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening, a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening, a sixth opening, and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening,
wherein the first opening, the third opening, and the fifth opening are vertically aligned,
wherein a first vertical projection area of the fifth opening is greater than a second vertical projection area of the third opening,
wherein the second vertical projection area of the third opening is greater than a third vertical projection area of the first opening. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the first dummy plate and the second dummy plate are vertically aligned, wherein a fourth vertical projection area of the second dummy plate is greater than a fifth vertical projection area of the first dummy plate. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the second opening and the sixth opening are vertically aligned, wherein a sixth vertical projection area of the sixth opening is greater than a seventh vertical projection area of the second opening. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 10,
wherein the first dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the middle conductor plate layer, wherein the second dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer, wherein the third dummy plate is electrically insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a first contact via electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the third dummy plate, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a second contact via electrically coupled to the third dummy plate and the middle conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising:
a third contact via electrically coupled to the bottom conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer, and electrically insulated from the middle conductor plate layer. 17-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a first contact feature, a second contact feature, and a third contact feature over a substrate; a dielectric layer over the first contact feature, the second contact feature and the third contact feature; a bottom conductor plate layer over the dielectric layer comprising a first opening and a second opening; a middle conductor plate layer over and insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer, the middle conductor plate layer comprising a third opening and a fourth opening; a top conductor plate layer over and insulated from the middle conductor plate layer, the top conductor plate layer comprising a fifth opening and a sixth opening; a first contact via extending through the first opening, the third opening, and the fifth opening to electrically couple to the first contact feature; a second contact via extending through the second opening and the sixth opening to electrically couple to the middle conductor plate layer and the second contact feature; and a third contact via extending through the fourth opening to electrically couple to the top conductor plate layer, the bottom conductor plate layer and the third contact feature, wherein the first contact via is electrically insulated from the bottom conductor plate layer, the middle conductor plate layer and the top conductor plate layer. 22. The semiconductor structure of claim 21,
wherein a first vertical projection area of the fifth opening is greater than a second vertical projection area of the third opening, wherein the second vertical projection area of the third opening is greater than a third vertical projection area of the first opening. 23. The semiconductor structure of claim 22, further comprising:
a first dummy plate disposed within the third opening and insulated from the rest of the middle conductor plate layer; a second dummy plate disposed within the fifth opening and insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer; and a third dummy plate disposed within the sixth opening and insulated from the rest of the top conductor plate layer. 24. The semiconductor structure of claim 23,
wherein the first contact via extends through and is electrically coupled to the first dummy plate and the second dummy plate, wherein the second contact via extends though and is electrically coupled to the third dummy plate. | 3,700 |
341,893 | 16,802,200 | 3,725 | Retinal imaging systems and related methods employ a user specific approach for controlling the reference arm length in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device. A method includes restraining a user's head relative to an OCT imaging device. A reference arm length adjustment module is controlled to vary a reference arm length to search a user specific range of reference arm lengths to identify a reference arm length for which the OCT image detector produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. The user specific range of reference arm lengths covers a smaller range of reference arm lengths than a reference arm length adjustment range of the reference arm length adjustment module. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of imaging a retina of a user, the method comprising:
controlling, by a control unit, a reference arm length adjustment module of an OCT imaging device during an initial imaging of the retina of the user to vary a reference arm length of the OCT imaging device within a reference arm length adjustment range to identify an initial imaging reference arm length for which an OCT image detector of the OCT imaging device produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user; determining, by the control unit, a user specific range of reference arm lengths, based on the initial imaging reference arm length, that covers a smaller range of reference arm lengths than the reference arm length adjustment range; and controlling the reference arm length adjustment module, by the control unit, during an imaging of the retina of the user subsequent to the initial imaging of the retina of the user to vary the reference arm length to search within the user specific range of reference arm lengths to identify a subsequent imaging reference arm length for which the OCT image detector produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising restraining, by a viewer assembly engaged with the user's head so that a sample arm optical path of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device extends to the retina of the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths is based on spatial information about one or more facial features of the user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more facial features of the user comprise one or more of the user' forehead, one or more cheeks of the user, a cornea of an eye of the user including the retina of the user, and a lateral orbital rim of the user. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the spatial information about one or more facial features of the user is generated via one or more of:
three-dimensional scanning of the one or more facial features of the user; caliper measurement of the one or more facial features of the user relative to an eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; a cast mask of the one or more facial features of the user; an axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; ultrasound measurement of the axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; and OCT measurement of the axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the OCT imaging device comprises an objective lens assembly; and the method does not include adjusting a distance between the retina of the user and the objective lens assembly. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the imaging of the retina of the user is limited to a field of view on the retina of the user equal to or less than 15 degrees for the reference arm length equal to each of all lengths within the reference arm length adjustment range. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the imaging of the retina of the user is limited to a field of view on the retina of the user equal to or less than 10 degrees for the reference arm length equal to each of all lengths within the reference arm length adjustment range. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the OCT imaging device has an image depth of no more than 3 mm. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the OCT imaging device has a sensitivity roll off of not better than −3 db at 2 mm. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than half of the reference arm length adjustment range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than one-quarter of the reference arm length adjustment range. 14. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 20 mm range of reference arm lengths. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 30 mm range of reference arm lengths. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 40 mm range of reference arm lengths. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 10 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 6 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 4 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 20. The method of claim 2, comprising:
generating, by a sensor, a signal indicative of a position of a feature of the user's head relative to the OCT imaging device; and determining, by the control unit, the user specific range of reference arm lengths based on the signal indicative of a position of a feature of the user's head relative to the OCT imaging device. 21. A method of imaging a retina of a user, the method comprising controlling, by a control unit, a reference arm length adjustment module of an OCT imaging device during an imaging of the retina of the user to vary a reference arm length of the OCT imaging device within a reference arm length adjustment range to identify an imaging reference arm length for which an OCT image detector of the OCT imaging device produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. | Retinal imaging systems and related methods employ a user specific approach for controlling the reference arm length in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device. A method includes restraining a user's head relative to an OCT imaging device. A reference arm length adjustment module is controlled to vary a reference arm length to search a user specific range of reference arm lengths to identify a reference arm length for which the OCT image detector produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. The user specific range of reference arm lengths covers a smaller range of reference arm lengths than a reference arm length adjustment range of the reference arm length adjustment module.1. (canceled) 2. A method of imaging a retina of a user, the method comprising:
controlling, by a control unit, a reference arm length adjustment module of an OCT imaging device during an initial imaging of the retina of the user to vary a reference arm length of the OCT imaging device within a reference arm length adjustment range to identify an initial imaging reference arm length for which an OCT image detector of the OCT imaging device produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user; determining, by the control unit, a user specific range of reference arm lengths, based on the initial imaging reference arm length, that covers a smaller range of reference arm lengths than the reference arm length adjustment range; and controlling the reference arm length adjustment module, by the control unit, during an imaging of the retina of the user subsequent to the initial imaging of the retina of the user to vary the reference arm length to search within the user specific range of reference arm lengths to identify a subsequent imaging reference arm length for which the OCT image detector produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising restraining, by a viewer assembly engaged with the user's head so that a sample arm optical path of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device extends to the retina of the user. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths is based on spatial information about one or more facial features of the user. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more facial features of the user comprise one or more of the user' forehead, one or more cheeks of the user, a cornea of an eye of the user including the retina of the user, and a lateral orbital rim of the user. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the spatial information about one or more facial features of the user is generated via one or more of:
three-dimensional scanning of the one or more facial features of the user; caliper measurement of the one or more facial features of the user relative to an eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; a cast mask of the one or more facial features of the user; an axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; ultrasound measurement of the axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user; and OCT measurement of the axial length of the eye of the user that includes the retina of the user. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the OCT imaging device comprises an objective lens assembly; and the method does not include adjusting a distance between the retina of the user and the objective lens assembly. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the imaging of the retina of the user is limited to a field of view on the retina of the user equal to or less than 15 degrees for the reference arm length equal to each of all lengths within the reference arm length adjustment range. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the imaging of the retina of the user is limited to a field of view on the retina of the user equal to or less than 10 degrees for the reference arm length equal to each of all lengths within the reference arm length adjustment range. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the OCT imaging device has an image depth of no more than 3 mm. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the OCT imaging device has a sensitivity roll off of not better than −3 db at 2 mm. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than half of the reference arm length adjustment range. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than one-quarter of the reference arm length adjustment range. 14. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 20 mm range of reference arm lengths. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 30 mm range of reference arm lengths. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the reference arm length adjustment range encompasses at least a 40 mm range of reference arm lengths. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 10 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 6 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the user specific range of reference arm lengths encompasses less than a 4 mm range of the reference arm length adjustment range. 20. The method of claim 2, comprising:
generating, by a sensor, a signal indicative of a position of a feature of the user's head relative to the OCT imaging device; and determining, by the control unit, the user specific range of reference arm lengths based on the signal indicative of a position of a feature of the user's head relative to the OCT imaging device. 21. A method of imaging a retina of a user, the method comprising controlling, by a control unit, a reference arm length adjustment module of an OCT imaging device during an imaging of the retina of the user to vary a reference arm length of the OCT imaging device within a reference arm length adjustment range to identify an imaging reference arm length for which an OCT image detector of the OCT imaging device produces an OCT signal corresponding to the retina of the user. | 3,700 |
341,894 | 16,802,247 | 3,725 | A multi-segment false eyelash product provides a hybrid solution that combines the long-lasting advantages of professional eyelash extensions with the predictable, consistent look, ease of use, and affordability of single-strip self-applied false eyelashes. The multi-segment false eyelash product enables users to easily and consistently achieve a suitable false-eyelash look, capable of being applied in a short period of time in the comfort of their home, which lasts for days or weeks without having to be removed. | 1. A method for applying multiples lash band segments of false eyelashes to upper lashes of a user comprising the steps of:
applying a first eye patch to above lower eyelashes of the first eye of a user to form a barrier between the lower eyelashes and upper eyelashes of a user; applying a first lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; and applying a second lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of the user; wherein said first and second lash band segments each having multiple individual eyelashes made from one or more of mink, faux mink, fine synthetic fibers, human hair, horsehair, silk and animal hair. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of applying a first lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of a first glue to a bottom edge of the first lash band; placing the bottom edge of the first lash band onto a first position on the upper eyelashes of the user; applying at least two drops of a first glue to a bottom edge of the second lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the second lash band onto a second position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said second position being different than said first position; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said first glue has cure time of at least 60 seconds, and the first glue is non-irritating to skin near eyes of the user. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
applying a third lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of applying a third lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of said first glue to a bottom edge of the third lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the third lash band onto a third position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said third position being different than said first and second positions. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of:
applying a fourth lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of applying a fourth lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of said first glue to a bottom edge of the fourth lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the fourth lash band onto a fourth position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said fourth position being different than said first, second and third positions. | A multi-segment false eyelash product provides a hybrid solution that combines the long-lasting advantages of professional eyelash extensions with the predictable, consistent look, ease of use, and affordability of single-strip self-applied false eyelashes. The multi-segment false eyelash product enables users to easily and consistently achieve a suitable false-eyelash look, capable of being applied in a short period of time in the comfort of their home, which lasts for days or weeks without having to be removed.1. A method for applying multiples lash band segments of false eyelashes to upper lashes of a user comprising the steps of:
applying a first eye patch to above lower eyelashes of the first eye of a user to form a barrier between the lower eyelashes and upper eyelashes of a user; applying a first lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; and applying a second lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of the user; wherein said first and second lash band segments each having multiple individual eyelashes made from one or more of mink, faux mink, fine synthetic fibers, human hair, horsehair, silk and animal hair. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of applying a first lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of a first glue to a bottom edge of the first lash band; placing the bottom edge of the first lash band onto a first position on the upper eyelashes of the user; applying at least two drops of a first glue to a bottom edge of the second lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the second lash band onto a second position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said second position being different than said first position; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said first glue has cure time of at least 60 seconds, and the first glue is non-irritating to skin near eyes of the user. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
applying a third lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said step of applying a third lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of said first glue to a bottom edge of the third lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the third lash band onto a third position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said third position being different than said first and second positions. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of:
applying a fourth lash band segment to said upper eyelashes of the first eye of a user; 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of applying a fourth lash band includes the steps of:
applying at least two drops of said first glue to a bottom edge of the fourth lash band; and placing the bottom edge of the fourth lash band onto a fourth position on the upper eyelashes of the user, said fourth position being different than said first, second and third positions. | 3,700 |
341,895 | 16,802,240 | 3,725 | Methods for treating age-related eye diseases or conditions are provided. Methods for treating an age-related eye disease or condition in a subject by administering one or more demethylation compounds or agents are provided. | 1. A method for increasing an amount of ELOVL2 enzyme in the eye of a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of a formulation comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ELOVL2 enzyme to the eye of a subject in need. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a recombinant viral vector. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the viral vector is selected from an adenoviral vector, adeno-associated virus vector, lentivirus vector, vaccinia virus vector and retroviral vector. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises one or more excipients suitable for administration to a human subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is administered to the eye by an intravitreal, subretinal, subconjunctival, subtenon, or posterior juxtascleral route. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of the nucleic acid encoding the ELOVL2 enzyme treats age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic eye disease, glaucoma, low vision or dry eye in the subject. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the age-related eye disease is dry AMD. 8-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a promoter that expresses in retinal cells. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the retinal cells comprise cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or photoreceptors. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the promoter that expresses in the RPE is a VMD2 promoter. 16. A method of increasing the amount of ELOVL2 protein production in an eye of a subject, comprising intraocularly injecting into the eye of a subject in need a formulation comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ELOVL2 protein effective to increase the amount of EVOLV2 protein in the eye. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein, the subject is a human subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein increasing the amount of ELOVL2 protein in the eye treats age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the human subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein treating AMD in the subject comprises treating dry age-related macular degeneration in the human subject. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the intraocular injection is administered via an intravitreal, subretinal, subconjunctival, subtenon, or posterior juxtascleral route. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the nucleic acid comprises an adenoviral vector comprising a promoter capable of expressing the ELOVL2 gene in retinal cells of the subject. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the promoter is a VMD2 promoter. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises a vitrectomy prior to injection of the formulation. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the method comprises one or more intraocular injections of nucleic acid vectors encoding the ELOVL2 protein in 0.1 ml aliquots. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein prior to the intraocular injection the subject has been treated with prednisone. 26. The method of claim 16, wherein the intraocular injection comprises an injection into the subretinal space of the eye using a subretinal cannula. | Methods for treating age-related eye diseases or conditions are provided. Methods for treating an age-related eye disease or condition in a subject by administering one or more demethylation compounds or agents are provided.1. A method for increasing an amount of ELOVL2 enzyme in the eye of a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of a formulation comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ELOVL2 enzyme to the eye of a subject in need. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a recombinant viral vector. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the viral vector is selected from an adenoviral vector, adeno-associated virus vector, lentivirus vector, vaccinia virus vector and retroviral vector. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises one or more excipients suitable for administration to a human subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is administered to the eye by an intravitreal, subretinal, subconjunctival, subtenon, or posterior juxtascleral route. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration of the nucleic acid encoding the ELOVL2 enzyme treats age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic eye disease, glaucoma, low vision or dry eye in the subject. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the age-related eye disease is dry AMD. 8-12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid comprises a promoter that expresses in retinal cells. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the retinal cells comprise cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or photoreceptors. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the promoter that expresses in the RPE is a VMD2 promoter. 16. A method of increasing the amount of ELOVL2 protein production in an eye of a subject, comprising intraocularly injecting into the eye of a subject in need a formulation comprising a nucleic acid encoding an ELOVL2 protein effective to increase the amount of EVOLV2 protein in the eye. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein, the subject is a human subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein increasing the amount of ELOVL2 protein in the eye treats age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the human subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein treating AMD in the subject comprises treating dry age-related macular degeneration in the human subject. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the intraocular injection is administered via an intravitreal, subretinal, subconjunctival, subtenon, or posterior juxtascleral route. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the nucleic acid comprises an adenoviral vector comprising a promoter capable of expressing the ELOVL2 gene in retinal cells of the subject. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the promoter is a VMD2 promoter. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the method further comprises a vitrectomy prior to injection of the formulation. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the method comprises one or more intraocular injections of nucleic acid vectors encoding the ELOVL2 protein in 0.1 ml aliquots. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein prior to the intraocular injection the subject has been treated with prednisone. 26. The method of claim 16, wherein the intraocular injection comprises an injection into the subretinal space of the eye using a subretinal cannula. | 3,700 |
341,896 | 16,802,147 | 3,725 | Features of multiple dimensions are extracted from information included in a URL access request. A risk score of the URL access request is obtained by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, where the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. It is determined, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. | 1. A computer-implemented method for URL attack detection, wherein the method comprises:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request; obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the features comprise at least two of: a total quantity of characters, a total quantity of letters, a total quantity of numbers, a total quantity of symbols, a quantity of distinct characters, a quantity of distinct letters, a quantity of distinct numbers, or a quantity of distinct symbols. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request; obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the features comprise at least two of: a total quantity of characters, a total quantity of letters, a total quantity of numbers, a total quantity of symbols, a quantity of distinct characters, a quantity of distinct letters, a quantity of distinct numbers, or a quantity of distinct symbols. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request;
obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and
determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 16, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. | Features of multiple dimensions are extracted from information included in a URL access request. A risk score of the URL access request is obtained by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, where the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. It is determined, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request.1. A computer-implemented method for URL attack detection, wherein the method comprises:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request; obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the features comprise at least two of: a total quantity of characters, a total quantity of letters, a total quantity of numbers, a total quantity of symbols, a quantity of distinct characters, a quantity of distinct letters, a quantity of distinct numbers, or a quantity of distinct symbols. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request; obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the features comprise at least two of: a total quantity of characters, a total quantity of letters, a total quantity of numbers, a total quantity of symbols, a quantity of distinct characters, a quantity of distinct letters, a quantity of distinct numbers, or a quantity of distinct symbols. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
extracting features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a URL access request;
obtaining a risk score of the URL access request by providing the features to a predetermined URL attack detection model for prediction calculation, wherein the predetermined URL attack detection model is a machine learning model obtained through training based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm; and
determining, based on the risk score, that the URL access request is a URL attack request. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
extracting a set of features of multiple dimensions from information comprised in a plurality of URL access request samples, wherein none of the plurality of URL access request samples are labeled; constructing a plurality of training samples based on the set of features; and obtaining the URL attack detection model by using the plurality of training samples and based on the Isolation Forest machine learning algorithm. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 16, wherein obtaining the URL attack detection model comprises:
obtaining M training sample subsets from the plurality of training samples; constructing M random binary trees, wherein each one of the M random binary trees corresponds to a particular training sample subset of the M training sample subsets, and wherein constructing a random binary tree comprises:
while a stopping condition is not satisfied:
selecting a classification feature randomly from dimensions of features as a root node;
selecting a classification threshold value randomly between the maximum value of the classification feature and the minimum value of the classification feature among all training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset;
determining a first set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are greater than or equal to the classification threshold value as a first leaf node of the root node and determining a second set of training samples comprised in the particular training sample subset whose values of the classification feature are less than the classification threshold value as a second leaf node of the root node; and
setting the first set of training sample or the second set of training samples as the particular training sample subset. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein the stopping condition comprises at least one of:
the particular training sample subset is no longer classifiable; or a depth of the random binary tree reaches a predetermined maximum binary tree depth. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein obtaining the risk score of the URL access request comprises:
constructing a prediction sample based on the features; for each particular random binary tree of the M random binary trees:
finding a leaf node corresponding to the prediction sample by traversing the particular random binary tree from a root node;
calculating an average value of path depths of the found leaf nodes in the M random binary trees; and obtaining the risk score of the URL access request by normalizing the average value. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein the information comprises at least one of domain name information or a URL parameter, and wherein the features of multiple dimensions comprise at least one of:
features extracted from the domain name information comprised in the URL access request; or features extracted from the URL parameter comprised in the URL access request. | 3,700 |
341,897 | 16,802,210 | 3,725 | Disclosed are improved methods, systems and devices for color night vision that reduce the number of intensifiers and/or decrease noise. In some embodiments, color night vision is provided in system in which multiple spectral bands are maintained, filtered separately, and then recombined in a unique three-lens-filtering setup. An illustrative four-camera night vision system is unique in that its first three cameras separately filter different bands using a subtractive Cyan, Magenta and Yellow (CMY) color filtering-process, while its fourth camera is used to sense either additional IR illuminators or a luminance channel to increase brightness. In some embodiments, the color night vision is implemented to distinguish details of an image in low light. The unique application of the three-lens subtractive CMY filtering allows for better photon scavenging and preservation of important color information. | 1. An imaging device, comprising:
a filter element, wherein the filter element receives and filters an incoming image signal; one or more image intensifiers for receiving the filtered incoming image signal, wherein each of the one or more image intensifiers has an analog output associated therewith; one or more accelerometers, wherein the one or more accelerometers track motion of the imaging device; a mechanism for converting the analog outputs of the one or more image intensifiers into corresponding digital image signals for processing; and an image processor programmed to utilize accelerometer output to shift the digital image signals and provide the shifted digital image signals for viewing or further processing. 2. The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the filter element is operably coupled to a motor and is rotatable with respect to the one or more image intensifiers. 3. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein the filter element further comprises a housing which houses at least one color component filter. 4. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein the filter element further comprises a housing which houses at least three color component filters, and each of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 5. The imaging device of claim 3, wherein one or more of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 6. The imaging device of claim 4, further comprising a sensor arranged to receive reflected light from each of the angled color component filters. 7. The imaging device of claim 4, wherein each of the color component filters are CMY filters respectively. 8. The imaging device of claim 4, wherein the color component filters are RGB filters respectively. 9. The imaging device of claim 5, further comprising a sensor arranged to receive reflected light from the angled color component filters. 10. The imaging device of claim 6, further comprising at least one outputting mechanism configured to be operable to provide a combined channel as an output of the imaging apparatus, wherein the combined channel comprises the shifted digital image signals and the sensor received reflected light. 11. An optical processing method comprising the steps of:
filtering an incoming image signal via a filter element, wherein the filter element receives an incoming image signal of an environment; intensifying, via one or more image intensifiers, the filtered incoming image signal and producing an analog intensified image signal output from each of the one or more image intensifiers; sensing motion of the imaging device, via one or more accelerometers; converting the analog intensified image signal outputs of the one or more image intensifiers into corresponding digital image signals; and shifting the digital image signals based on the motion sensed by the one or more accelerometers; and providing the shifted digital image signals for viewing or further processing. 12. The optical processing method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
rotating the filter element with respect to the one or more image intensifiers, wherein the filter element has a housing that is rotated by actuation of a motor. 13. The optical processing method of claim 12, wherein the filter element housing houses at least three color component filters, and each of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 14. The optical processing method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
reflecting a first light component with an angled first color component filter of the at least three color component filters; reflecting a second light component with an angled second color component filter of the at least three color component filters; and reflecting a third light component with an angled third color component filter of the at least three color component filters. 15. The optical processing method of claim 14, further comprising the step of:
detecting, via a light sensor, reflected light components from each of the angled color component filters. 16. The optical processing method of claim 15, further comprising the steps of:
combining the detected light components with the shifted digital image signals, and providing the combination as output for viewing. 17. The optical processing method of claim 16, wherein the first light component is non-cyan light, the second light component is non-magenta light, and the third light component is non-yellow light. 18. The optical processing method of claim 16, wherein the first light component is non-red light, the second light component is non-green light, and the third component is non-blue light. 19. The optical processing method of claim 15, further comprising the step of:
shifting the detected light components based on the motion sensed by the one or more accelerometers. 20. The optical processing method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:
combining the shifted light components with the shifted digital image signals; and providing the combination as output for viewing. | Disclosed are improved methods, systems and devices for color night vision that reduce the number of intensifiers and/or decrease noise. In some embodiments, color night vision is provided in system in which multiple spectral bands are maintained, filtered separately, and then recombined in a unique three-lens-filtering setup. An illustrative four-camera night vision system is unique in that its first three cameras separately filter different bands using a subtractive Cyan, Magenta and Yellow (CMY) color filtering-process, while its fourth camera is used to sense either additional IR illuminators or a luminance channel to increase brightness. In some embodiments, the color night vision is implemented to distinguish details of an image in low light. The unique application of the three-lens subtractive CMY filtering allows for better photon scavenging and preservation of important color information.1. An imaging device, comprising:
a filter element, wherein the filter element receives and filters an incoming image signal; one or more image intensifiers for receiving the filtered incoming image signal, wherein each of the one or more image intensifiers has an analog output associated therewith; one or more accelerometers, wherein the one or more accelerometers track motion of the imaging device; a mechanism for converting the analog outputs of the one or more image intensifiers into corresponding digital image signals for processing; and an image processor programmed to utilize accelerometer output to shift the digital image signals and provide the shifted digital image signals for viewing or further processing. 2. The imaging device of claim 1, wherein the filter element is operably coupled to a motor and is rotatable with respect to the one or more image intensifiers. 3. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein the filter element further comprises a housing which houses at least one color component filter. 4. The imaging device of claim 2, wherein the filter element further comprises a housing which houses at least three color component filters, and each of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 5. The imaging device of claim 3, wherein one or more of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 6. The imaging device of claim 4, further comprising a sensor arranged to receive reflected light from each of the angled color component filters. 7. The imaging device of claim 4, wherein each of the color component filters are CMY filters respectively. 8. The imaging device of claim 4, wherein the color component filters are RGB filters respectively. 9. The imaging device of claim 5, further comprising a sensor arranged to receive reflected light from the angled color component filters. 10. The imaging device of claim 6, further comprising at least one outputting mechanism configured to be operable to provide a combined channel as an output of the imaging apparatus, wherein the combined channel comprises the shifted digital image signals and the sensor received reflected light. 11. An optical processing method comprising the steps of:
filtering an incoming image signal via a filter element, wherein the filter element receives an incoming image signal of an environment; intensifying, via one or more image intensifiers, the filtered incoming image signal and producing an analog intensified image signal output from each of the one or more image intensifiers; sensing motion of the imaging device, via one or more accelerometers; converting the analog intensified image signal outputs of the one or more image intensifiers into corresponding digital image signals; and shifting the digital image signals based on the motion sensed by the one or more accelerometers; and providing the shifted digital image signals for viewing or further processing. 12. The optical processing method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
rotating the filter element with respect to the one or more image intensifiers, wherein the filter element has a housing that is rotated by actuation of a motor. 13. The optical processing method of claim 12, wherein the filter element housing houses at least three color component filters, and each of the color component filters has an angled configuration with respect to the filter element housing. 14. The optical processing method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
reflecting a first light component with an angled first color component filter of the at least three color component filters; reflecting a second light component with an angled second color component filter of the at least three color component filters; and reflecting a third light component with an angled third color component filter of the at least three color component filters. 15. The optical processing method of claim 14, further comprising the step of:
detecting, via a light sensor, reflected light components from each of the angled color component filters. 16. The optical processing method of claim 15, further comprising the steps of:
combining the detected light components with the shifted digital image signals, and providing the combination as output for viewing. 17. The optical processing method of claim 16, wherein the first light component is non-cyan light, the second light component is non-magenta light, and the third light component is non-yellow light. 18. The optical processing method of claim 16, wherein the first light component is non-red light, the second light component is non-green light, and the third component is non-blue light. 19. The optical processing method of claim 15, further comprising the step of:
shifting the detected light components based on the motion sensed by the one or more accelerometers. 20. The optical processing method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:
combining the shifted light components with the shifted digital image signals; and providing the combination as output for viewing. | 3,700 |
341,898 | 16,802,253 | 3,725 | An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly for brewing a single cup of coffee with a pre-determined amount of alcohol includes a brewing cup which has an outer wall that is tapered between a top end and a bottom end of the brewing cup. In this way the brewing cup can be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine. A plurality of coffee grounds is contained within the brewing cup. In this way the coffee grounds are exposed to heated water for brewing coffee. An alcohol solution is infused into the plurality of coffee grounds thereby facilitating the alcohol solution to be released into the heated water for brewing coffee. | 1. An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly having alcohol infused coffee ground therein for brewing a cup of coffee with alcohol for drinking, said assembly comprising:
a brewing cup having an outer wall being tapered between a top end and a bottom end of said brewing cup wherein said brewing cup is configured to be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine; a plurality of coffee grounds, said plurality of coffee grounds being contained within said brewing cup wherein said coffee grounds are configured to be exposed to heated water for brewing coffee; and an alcohol solution being infused into said plurality of coffee grounds wherein said alcohol solution is configured be released into the heated water for brewing coffee. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said top end is open, said bottom end being closed, said brewing cup being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said brewing cup is configured to contain heated water from the single cup coffee brewing machine. 3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said brewing cup is comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said brewing cup is configured to be punctured by a dispensing spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a cover being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup having said cover completely covering said top end thereby retaining said coffee grounds in said brewing cup. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said cover is comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said cover is configured to inhibit the alcohol solution from evaporating during storage. 6. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said cover is comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said cover is configured to be punctured by a water spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine, said cover having a lower surface, said lower surface being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup. 7. An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly having alcohol infused coffee ground therein for brewing a cup of coffee with alcohol for drinking, said assembly comprising:
a brewing cup having an outer wall being tapered between a top end and a bottom end of said brewing cup wherein said brewing cup is configured to be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine, said top end being open, said bottom end being closed, said brewing cup being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said brewing cup is configured to contain heated water from the single cup coffee brewing machine, said brewing cup being comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said brewing cup is configured to be punctured by a dispensing spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine; a plurality of coffee grounds, said plurality of coffee grounds being contained within said brewing cup wherein said coffee grounds are configured to be exposed to heated water for brewing coffee; an alcohol solution being infused into said plurality of coffee grounds wherein said alcohol solution is configured to be released into the heated water for brewing coffee; and a cover being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup having said cover completely covering said top end thereby retaining said coffee grounds in said brewing cup, said cover being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said cover is configured to inhibit the alcohol solution from evaporating during storage, said cover being comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said cover is configured to be punctured by a water spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine, said cover having a lower surface, said lower surface being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup. 8. A method of brewing a cup of alcohol infused coffee, the steps of the method comprising:
providing a brewing cup being positionable in a single cup coffee brewing machine; providing a plurality of coffee grounds; providing an alcohol solution; infusing said coffee grounds with said alcohol solution; depositing said coffee ground infused with said alcohol solution into said brewing cup; providing a cover; bonding said cover to said brewing cup for closing said brewing cup thereby inhibiting said alcohol solution from evaporating; and placing said brewing cup containing said coffee grounds infused with said alcohol solution into the single cup coffee brewing machine for brewing alcohol infused coffee. | An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly for brewing a single cup of coffee with a pre-determined amount of alcohol includes a brewing cup which has an outer wall that is tapered between a top end and a bottom end of the brewing cup. In this way the brewing cup can be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine. A plurality of coffee grounds is contained within the brewing cup. In this way the coffee grounds are exposed to heated water for brewing coffee. An alcohol solution is infused into the plurality of coffee grounds thereby facilitating the alcohol solution to be released into the heated water for brewing coffee.1. An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly having alcohol infused coffee ground therein for brewing a cup of coffee with alcohol for drinking, said assembly comprising:
a brewing cup having an outer wall being tapered between a top end and a bottom end of said brewing cup wherein said brewing cup is configured to be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine; a plurality of coffee grounds, said plurality of coffee grounds being contained within said brewing cup wherein said coffee grounds are configured to be exposed to heated water for brewing coffee; and an alcohol solution being infused into said plurality of coffee grounds wherein said alcohol solution is configured be released into the heated water for brewing coffee. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said top end is open, said bottom end being closed, said brewing cup being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said brewing cup is configured to contain heated water from the single cup coffee brewing machine. 3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said brewing cup is comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said brewing cup is configured to be punctured by a dispensing spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a cover being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup having said cover completely covering said top end thereby retaining said coffee grounds in said brewing cup. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said cover is comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said cover is configured to inhibit the alcohol solution from evaporating during storage. 6. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said cover is comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said cover is configured to be punctured by a water spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine, said cover having a lower surface, said lower surface being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup. 7. An alcohol infused coffee pod assembly having alcohol infused coffee ground therein for brewing a cup of coffee with alcohol for drinking, said assembly comprising:
a brewing cup having an outer wall being tapered between a top end and a bottom end of said brewing cup wherein said brewing cup is configured to be compatible with a single cup coffee brewing machine, said top end being open, said bottom end being closed, said brewing cup being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said brewing cup is configured to contain heated water from the single cup coffee brewing machine, said brewing cup being comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said brewing cup is configured to be punctured by a dispensing spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine; a plurality of coffee grounds, said plurality of coffee grounds being contained within said brewing cup wherein said coffee grounds are configured to be exposed to heated water for brewing coffee; an alcohol solution being infused into said plurality of coffee grounds wherein said alcohol solution is configured to be released into the heated water for brewing coffee; and a cover being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup having said cover completely covering said top end thereby retaining said coffee grounds in said brewing cup, said cover being comprised of a fluid impermeable material wherein said cover is configured to inhibit the alcohol solution from evaporating during storage, said cover being comprised of a material that can be punctured wherein said cover is configured to be punctured by a water spout of the single cup coffee brewing machine, said cover having a lower surface, said lower surface being bonded to said top end of said brewing cup. 8. A method of brewing a cup of alcohol infused coffee, the steps of the method comprising:
providing a brewing cup being positionable in a single cup coffee brewing machine; providing a plurality of coffee grounds; providing an alcohol solution; infusing said coffee grounds with said alcohol solution; depositing said coffee ground infused with said alcohol solution into said brewing cup; providing a cover; bonding said cover to said brewing cup for closing said brewing cup thereby inhibiting said alcohol solution from evaporating; and placing said brewing cup containing said coffee grounds infused with said alcohol solution into the single cup coffee brewing machine for brewing alcohol infused coffee. | 3,700 |
341,899 | 16,802,267 | 3,658 | Harmonic drives are used widely in robotics as a method for achieving high gear reductions and for driving force transmissions. The harmonic drive is made a three components: a wave generator, a flexspline, and a circular spline. Embodiments described flexsplines for a metal strain wave gearing. The cup of the flexspline is free from sharp edges and with a rounded bottom with a curvature maximized based on the geometry of the flexspline. Compared to a steel flexspline, implementations of flexsplines will have the same outer diameter, the same number of teeth and profile, the same input shaft/base, the same wall thickness near the teeth, but comprise a rounded bottom where the input shaft/base transitions to the straight wall of the flexspline, providing improved performance of BMG flexsplines by reducing low cycle fatigue failures due to stress concentrations. | 1. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear comprising,
a base, and a vertical wall, wherein the vertical wall transitions through a curvature to the base, wherein an input shaft is disposed at the base; wherein the vertical wall is circular with an outer wall diameter, wherein the flexspline maintains circularity along the rotational axis of the vertical wall; wherein the maximum radius of curvature at the base of the cup is at least 10% of the diameter of the flexspline in accordance with the equation: 2. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature is between about 15% to about 20% of the diameter of the flexspline. 3. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has a flush input base. 4. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has a hemispherical base curvature. 5. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has an elliptical base curvature. 6. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a bulk metallic glass-based material. 7. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the bulk metallic glass-based material is a bulk metallic glass. 8. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the bulk metallic glass-based material is a bulk metallic glass matrix composite. 9. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline has a fatigue life of at least 10% longer than a flexspline with the radius of curvature between about 1% to about 2% when run at the same torque. 10. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline is formed using a net shape process. 11. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline forming technique is one of: an injection molding technique; a die casting technique; a 3D printing technique; a thermoplastic forming technique; a blow molding technique; a discharge forming technique; a metal injection molding technique; a pressing with powder technique; a suction casting technique; and a forming from sheet metal technique. 12. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a brittle material, wherein the brittle material has a fracture toughness less than about 50 MPa m1/2. 13. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a metal alloy, wherein the metal alloy has less than about 10% ductility in a tension test. 14. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises at least one of tool steel, nanocrystalline metals, nanograined metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites. 15. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a laminate of at least two materials. 16. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 15, wherein the laminate material comprises at least one of metal, and carbon fiber with a metal coating. | Harmonic drives are used widely in robotics as a method for achieving high gear reductions and for driving force transmissions. The harmonic drive is made a three components: a wave generator, a flexspline, and a circular spline. Embodiments described flexsplines for a metal strain wave gearing. The cup of the flexspline is free from sharp edges and with a rounded bottom with a curvature maximized based on the geometry of the flexspline. Compared to a steel flexspline, implementations of flexsplines will have the same outer diameter, the same number of teeth and profile, the same input shaft/base, the same wall thickness near the teeth, but comprise a rounded bottom where the input shaft/base transitions to the straight wall of the flexspline, providing improved performance of BMG flexsplines by reducing low cycle fatigue failures due to stress concentrations.1. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear comprising,
a base, and a vertical wall, wherein the vertical wall transitions through a curvature to the base, wherein an input shaft is disposed at the base; wherein the vertical wall is circular with an outer wall diameter, wherein the flexspline maintains circularity along the rotational axis of the vertical wall; wherein the maximum radius of curvature at the base of the cup is at least 10% of the diameter of the flexspline in accordance with the equation: 2. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the radius of curvature is between about 15% to about 20% of the diameter of the flexspline. 3. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has a flush input base. 4. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has a hemispherical base curvature. 5. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline has an elliptical base curvature. 6. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a bulk metallic glass-based material. 7. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the bulk metallic glass-based material is a bulk metallic glass. 8. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the bulk metallic glass-based material is a bulk metallic glass matrix composite. 9. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline has a fatigue life of at least 10% longer than a flexspline with the radius of curvature between about 1% to about 2% when run at the same torque. 10. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline is formed using a net shape process. 11. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 6, wherein the flexspline forming technique is one of: an injection molding technique; a die casting technique; a 3D printing technique; a thermoplastic forming technique; a blow molding technique; a discharge forming technique; a metal injection molding technique; a pressing with powder technique; a suction casting technique; and a forming from sheet metal technique. 12. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a brittle material, wherein the brittle material has a fracture toughness less than about 50 MPa m1/2. 13. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a metal alloy, wherein the metal alloy has less than about 10% ductility in a tension test. 14. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises at least one of tool steel, nanocrystalline metals, nanograined metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites. 15. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 1, wherein the flexspline comprises a laminate of at least two materials. 16. A cup-type flexspline for a metal strain wave gear of claim 15, wherein the laminate material comprises at least one of metal, and carbon fiber with a metal coating. | 3,600 |
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