Unnamed: 0
int64 0
350k
| ApplicationNumber
int64 9.75M
96.1M
| ArtUnit
int64 1.6k
3.99k
| Abstract
stringlengths 7
8.37k
| Claims
stringlengths 3
292k
| abstract-claims
stringlengths 68
293k
| TechCenter
int64 1.6k
3.9k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
341,400 | 16,801,708 | 2,874 | A cover assembly is provided to prevent access within a mounting slot of an equipment rack. The assembly includes a cover sufficiently sized to block access to a back of the equipment rack that includes an open power source. The cover is secured to frame members by at least one hinge. The cover is configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot. The assembly further includes a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member. The first spring stop lock is configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. | 1. A cover assembly for preventing access within a mounting slot of an equipment rack, the equipment rack including a chassis having an open power source located at a back of the chassis and first and second frame members that define a mounting slot configured to receive a power module in a position in which the power module engages the open power source, the assembly comprising:
a cover sufficiently sized to block access to the back of the equipment rack, the cover being secured to the frame members by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot; and a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 2. The cover assembly of claim 1, wherein the first spring stop lock is positioned within a first slot formed in the first frame member. 3. The cover assembly of claim 2, further comprising a second spring stop lock provided in the second frame member, the second spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 4. The cover assembly of claim 3, wherein the second spring stop lock is positioned within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 5. The cover assembly of claim 4, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring including a flat end that is secured to its respective frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack. 6. The cover assembly of claim 5, wherein each spring stop lock further includes a bent portion and an inwardly bent opposite end. 7. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the bent portion extends inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to its respective frame member. 8. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the bent end extends perpendicularly within the interior of the chassis to maintain the cover in the closed position when a power module is not positioned within the mounting slot. 9. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring stop lock further includes a stop to maintain the cover in the closed position and to prevent unwanted movement of the cover to the open position to access the back of the equipment rack. 10. The cover assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one hinge extends along a top edge of the cover beyond side edges of the cover, with opposite ends of the hinge extending through respective openings of the frame members. 11. The cover assembly of claim 1, further comprising a spring to drive the cover to the closed position. 12. The cover assembly of claim 11, wherein the spring is a helical torsion spring that is mounted on one end of the hinge, the spring having one end secured to the first frame member through a small opening provided in the frame member and another end that engages a surface of the cover that faces the back of the equipment rack. 13. A method of selectively blocking access to a portion of an equipment rack within a mounting slot of a chassis of the equipment rack with a cover assembly, the method comprising:
mounting a cover of the cover assembly within the mounting slot, the cover being sufficiently sized to block access to a back of the equipment rack to prevent access to an open power source, the cover being secured to first and second frame members of the chassis by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot; and selectively locking the cover in the closed position with a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising positioning the first spring stop lock within a first slot formed in the first frame member and positioning a second spring stop lock within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring including a flat end that is secured to the frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack, a bent portion, and an inwardly bent opposite end, the bent portion extending inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to the frame member. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bent end extends perpendicularly within the interior of the chassis to maintain the cover in the closed position when a power module is not positioned within the mounting slot. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising biasing a movement of the cover to the closed position with a spring. 18. An equipment rack comprising:
a chassis; an open power source located at a back of the chassis; first and second frame members that define a mounting slot configured to receive a power module in a position in which the power module engages the open power source; and a cover assembly including a cover sufficiently sized to block access to the back of the equipment rack, the cover being secured to the frame members by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot, and a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 19. The equipment rack of claim 18, wherein the first spring stop lock is positioned within a first slot formed in the first frame member, the equipment rack further comprising a second spring stop lock positioned within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 20. The equipment rack of claim 19, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring having a flat end that is secured to its respective frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack, a bent portion, and an inwardly bent opposite end, the bent portion extending inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to its respective frame member. | A cover assembly is provided to prevent access within a mounting slot of an equipment rack. The assembly includes a cover sufficiently sized to block access to a back of the equipment rack that includes an open power source. The cover is secured to frame members by at least one hinge. The cover is configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot. The assembly further includes a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member. The first spring stop lock is configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack.1. A cover assembly for preventing access within a mounting slot of an equipment rack, the equipment rack including a chassis having an open power source located at a back of the chassis and first and second frame members that define a mounting slot configured to receive a power module in a position in which the power module engages the open power source, the assembly comprising:
a cover sufficiently sized to block access to the back of the equipment rack, the cover being secured to the frame members by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot; and a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 2. The cover assembly of claim 1, wherein the first spring stop lock is positioned within a first slot formed in the first frame member. 3. The cover assembly of claim 2, further comprising a second spring stop lock provided in the second frame member, the second spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 4. The cover assembly of claim 3, wherein the second spring stop lock is positioned within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 5. The cover assembly of claim 4, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring including a flat end that is secured to its respective frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack. 6. The cover assembly of claim 5, wherein each spring stop lock further includes a bent portion and an inwardly bent opposite end. 7. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the bent portion extends inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to its respective frame member. 8. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the bent end extends perpendicularly within the interior of the chassis to maintain the cover in the closed position when a power module is not positioned within the mounting slot. 9. The cover assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring stop lock further includes a stop to maintain the cover in the closed position and to prevent unwanted movement of the cover to the open position to access the back of the equipment rack. 10. The cover assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one hinge extends along a top edge of the cover beyond side edges of the cover, with opposite ends of the hinge extending through respective openings of the frame members. 11. The cover assembly of claim 1, further comprising a spring to drive the cover to the closed position. 12. The cover assembly of claim 11, wherein the spring is a helical torsion spring that is mounted on one end of the hinge, the spring having one end secured to the first frame member through a small opening provided in the frame member and another end that engages a surface of the cover that faces the back of the equipment rack. 13. A method of selectively blocking access to a portion of an equipment rack within a mounting slot of a chassis of the equipment rack with a cover assembly, the method comprising:
mounting a cover of the cover assembly within the mounting slot, the cover being sufficiently sized to block access to a back of the equipment rack to prevent access to an open power source, the cover being secured to first and second frame members of the chassis by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot; and selectively locking the cover in the closed position with a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising positioning the first spring stop lock within a first slot formed in the first frame member and positioning a second spring stop lock within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring including a flat end that is secured to the frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack, a bent portion, and an inwardly bent opposite end, the bent portion extending inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to the frame member. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bent end extends perpendicularly within the interior of the chassis to maintain the cover in the closed position when a power module is not positioned within the mounting slot. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising biasing a movement of the cover to the closed position with a spring. 18. An equipment rack comprising:
a chassis; an open power source located at a back of the chassis; first and second frame members that define a mounting slot configured to receive a power module in a position in which the power module engages the open power source; and a cover assembly including a cover sufficiently sized to block access to the back of the equipment rack, the cover being secured to the frame members by at least one hinge, the cover being configured to rotate between a closed position in which the cover blocks access to the open power source and an open position in which the cover is rotated to enable installation of a power module in the mounting slot, and a first spring stop lock provided the first frame member, the first spring stop lock being configured to lock the cover in the closed position and to release the cover to enable an installation of the power module within the mounting slot of the equipment rack. 19. The equipment rack of claim 18, wherein the first spring stop lock is positioned within a first slot formed in the first frame member, the equipment rack further comprising a second spring stop lock positioned within a second slot formed in the second frame member. 20. The equipment rack of claim 19, wherein each spring stop lock embodies a flat spring having a flat end that is secured to its respective frame member of the chassis of the equipment rack, a bent portion, and an inwardly bent opposite end, the bent portion extending inboard within the mounting slot into the interior of the chassis with respect to its respective frame member. | 2,800 |
341,401 | 16,801,706 | 2,874 | A method of making a dual damascene interconnect includes operations of depositing a metal hardmask over a dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask to expose a top surface of the dielectric layer; etching at least one interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, to expose a top surface of a base conductive layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening; and depositing a conductive material in the metal hardmask opening and the at least one interconnect opening. | 1. A method, comprising:
depositing a metal hardmask over a dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask to expose a top surface of the dielectric layer; etching at least one interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, to expose a top surface of a base conductive layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening by adding non-metal atoms to a metallic layer of the metal hardmask; and depositing a conductive material in the metal hardmask opening and the at least one interconnect opening. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing a portion of the conductive material on a top surface of the metal hardmask. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising removing the metal hardmask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing a metal hardmask further comprises:
depositing a first anti-reflection layer over the dielectric layer; and depositing the metallic layer over the dielectric layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein modifying the sidewall of the metal hardmask opening further comprises annealing the metal hardmask to diffuse metal atoms of the metallic layer into the first anti-reflection layer, wherein the metallic layer is between the first anti-reflection layer and the dielectric layer. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein modifying the sidewall of the metal hardmask opening further comprises exposing the first anti-reflection layer and the metallic layer to a nitrogen-containing plasma. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising depositing a second anti-reflection layer over the dielectric layer, such that the metallic layer is between the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the at least one interconnect opening further comprises:
etching at least one trench in the dielectric layer through the metal hardmask opening; depositing a layer of mask material over the metal hardmask and in the at least one trench; patterning the mask material to form an opening through the mask material in the at least one trench; and etching at least one via through the dielectric layer to expose the base conductive layer below the dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising changing a slope of the metal hardmask layer by poisoning the metal hardmask layer. 10. A method of making an interconnection structure, comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer over a first copper interconnect structure; depositing a metal hardmask over the dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask; etching a first portion of an interconnect structure opening into the dielectric layer; etching a second portion of the interconnect structure opening into the dielectric layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening by thermally processing the metal hardmask; and depositing a conductive material in the interconnect structure opening through the metal hardmask opening. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein depositing the metal hardmask further comprises depositing a first anti-reflection layer on the dielectric layer, a metallic layer over the first anti-reflection layer, and a second anti-reflection layer over the metallic layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein thermally processing the metal hardmask further comprises annealing the metal hardmask to a temperature between 600° Celsius and 1000° Celsius for an anneal time ranging from 60 seconds to 1 second. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein poisoning the layer of the metal hardmask further comprises exposing layers of the metal hardmask to a nitrogen-containing plasma. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein depositing a conductive material further comprises sputtering a copper seed layer onto sidewalls of the poisoned metal hardmask and sidewalls of the interconnect structure opening in the dielectric layer. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising changing a slope of a sidewall of the metal hardmask layer by a thermal process. 16. A method, comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate; depositing a hardmask layer over the dielectric layer; exposing a top surface of the dielectric layer through a hardmask layer opening; etching an opening in the dielectric layer; modifying a sidewall of the hardmask layer opening; and filling, with a conductive material, the opening in the dielectric layer through the hardmask layer opening having the modified sidewall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing the hardmask layer further comprises depositing an antireflective layer over the dielectric layer and depositing a metallic layer over the dielectric layer. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein modifying the sidewall of the hardmask layer opening further comprises inter-layer diffusion of the antireflective layer and the metallic layer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein modifying a sidewall of the hardmask layer opening further comprises annealing the hardmask layer. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein filling the dielectric layer opening further comprises:
depositing a seed layer on a dielectric layer sidewall and the hardmask layer opening having the modified sidewall; and electroplating a conductive material over the seed layer. | A method of making a dual damascene interconnect includes operations of depositing a metal hardmask over a dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask to expose a top surface of the dielectric layer; etching at least one interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, to expose a top surface of a base conductive layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening; and depositing a conductive material in the metal hardmask opening and the at least one interconnect opening.1. A method, comprising:
depositing a metal hardmask over a dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask to expose a top surface of the dielectric layer; etching at least one interconnect opening in the dielectric layer, to expose a top surface of a base conductive layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening by adding non-metal atoms to a metallic layer of the metal hardmask; and depositing a conductive material in the metal hardmask opening and the at least one interconnect opening. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing a portion of the conductive material on a top surface of the metal hardmask. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising removing the metal hardmask. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein depositing a metal hardmask further comprises:
depositing a first anti-reflection layer over the dielectric layer; and depositing the metallic layer over the dielectric layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein modifying the sidewall of the metal hardmask opening further comprises annealing the metal hardmask to diffuse metal atoms of the metallic layer into the first anti-reflection layer, wherein the metallic layer is between the first anti-reflection layer and the dielectric layer. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein modifying the sidewall of the metal hardmask opening further comprises exposing the first anti-reflection layer and the metallic layer to a nitrogen-containing plasma. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising depositing a second anti-reflection layer over the dielectric layer, such that the metallic layer is between the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the at least one interconnect opening further comprises:
etching at least one trench in the dielectric layer through the metal hardmask opening; depositing a layer of mask material over the metal hardmask and in the at least one trench; patterning the mask material to form an opening through the mask material in the at least one trench; and etching at least one via through the dielectric layer to expose the base conductive layer below the dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising changing a slope of the metal hardmask layer by poisoning the metal hardmask layer. 10. A method of making an interconnection structure, comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer over a first copper interconnect structure; depositing a metal hardmask over the dielectric layer; etching a metal hardmask opening in the metal hardmask; etching a first portion of an interconnect structure opening into the dielectric layer; etching a second portion of the interconnect structure opening into the dielectric layer; modifying a sidewall of the metal hardmask opening by thermally processing the metal hardmask; and depositing a conductive material in the interconnect structure opening through the metal hardmask opening. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein depositing the metal hardmask further comprises depositing a first anti-reflection layer on the dielectric layer, a metallic layer over the first anti-reflection layer, and a second anti-reflection layer over the metallic layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein thermally processing the metal hardmask further comprises annealing the metal hardmask to a temperature between 600° Celsius and 1000° Celsius for an anneal time ranging from 60 seconds to 1 second. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein poisoning the layer of the metal hardmask further comprises exposing layers of the metal hardmask to a nitrogen-containing plasma. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein depositing a conductive material further comprises sputtering a copper seed layer onto sidewalls of the poisoned metal hardmask and sidewalls of the interconnect structure opening in the dielectric layer. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising changing a slope of a sidewall of the metal hardmask layer by a thermal process. 16. A method, comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate; depositing a hardmask layer over the dielectric layer; exposing a top surface of the dielectric layer through a hardmask layer opening; etching an opening in the dielectric layer; modifying a sidewall of the hardmask layer opening; and filling, with a conductive material, the opening in the dielectric layer through the hardmask layer opening having the modified sidewall. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein depositing the hardmask layer further comprises depositing an antireflective layer over the dielectric layer and depositing a metallic layer over the dielectric layer. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein modifying the sidewall of the hardmask layer opening further comprises inter-layer diffusion of the antireflective layer and the metallic layer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein modifying a sidewall of the hardmask layer opening further comprises annealing the hardmask layer. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein filling the dielectric layer opening further comprises:
depositing a seed layer on a dielectric layer sidewall and the hardmask layer opening having the modified sidewall; and electroplating a conductive material over the seed layer. | 2,800 |
341,402 | 16,801,741 | 2,874 | A hypervisor receives a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), where the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, where the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; maps, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, where the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identifies an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and maps, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, where the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device executing a hypervisor, a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), wherein the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, wherein the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; mapping, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identifying an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and mapping, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing the additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory address by the guest OS. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any device; identifying one or more additional device slots that are not associated with any device; generating one or more memory pages for the one or more additional device slots; and mapping, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional device slots, wherein the one or more additional page table entries indicate that the corresponding memory pages are read only for the guest OS. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a disk image for the guest OS; and loading, into hypervisor memory, at least a portion of the disk image for the guest OS. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying one or more additional resources associated with a boot device for the guest OS; and mapping, in the page table, page table entries for the one or more additional resources associated with the boot device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the notification comprises a VM exit caused by the guest OS access of the memory address associated with the device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; and responsive to detecting the out of memory condition, unmapping the additional page table entry. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory, to execute a hypervisor to:
detect a virtual machine (VM) exit issued by a guest operating system (OS) of the VM responsive to an access by the guest OS of a memory resource, wherein the memory resource is unavailable to the guest OS;
map, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for the memory resource, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory resource is available to the guest OS;
determine a resource type for the memory resource;
identify an additional memory resource associated with the resource type; and
map, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, in the page table, an additional page table entry for the additional memory resource, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional memory resource is available to the guest OS. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
generate a memory page for the additional memory resource; and cause the memory page of the additional memory resource to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory resource by the guest OS. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource type comprises a device type, and wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional devices associated with the device type; generate one or more memory pages for each of the one or more additional devices; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional memory pages. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource type indicates a device, and wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional devices; generate one or more memory pages for each of the one or more additional devices; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional memory pages. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that the resource type comprises a memory page associated with a boot operation of the guest OS; identify an additional memory page associated with an additional boot operation of the guest OS; load, into hypervisor memory, the additional memory page. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
detecting an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; responsive to detecting the out of memory condition:
unmap the additional page table entry; and
deallocate a memory page associated with the additional page table entry. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to execute a hypervisor to:
receive a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), wherein the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, wherein the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; map, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identify an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and map, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
cause the additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory address by the guest OS. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any device; identify one or more additional device slots that are not associated with any device; generate one or more memory pages for the one or more additional device slots; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional device slots, wherein the one or more additional page table entries indicate that the corresponding memory pages are read only for the guest OS. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a disk image for the guest OS; and load, into hypervisor memory, at least a portion of the disk image for the guest OS. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional resources associated with a boot device for the guest OS; and map, in the page table, page table entries for the one or more additional resources associated with the boot device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
detect an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; and responsive to detecting the out of memory condition, unmap the additional page table entry. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the notification comprises a VM exit caused by the guest OS access of the memory address associated with the device | A hypervisor receives a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), where the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, where the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; maps, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, where the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identifies an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and maps, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, where the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device executing a hypervisor, a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), wherein the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, wherein the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; mapping, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identifying an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and mapping, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing the additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory address by the guest OS. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any device; identifying one or more additional device slots that are not associated with any device; generating one or more memory pages for the one or more additional device slots; and mapping, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional device slots, wherein the one or more additional page table entries indicate that the corresponding memory pages are read only for the guest OS. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a disk image for the guest OS; and loading, into hypervisor memory, at least a portion of the disk image for the guest OS. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying one or more additional resources associated with a boot device for the guest OS; and mapping, in the page table, page table entries for the one or more additional resources associated with the boot device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the notification comprises a VM exit caused by the guest OS access of the memory address associated with the device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; and responsive to detecting the out of memory condition, unmapping the additional page table entry. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory, to execute a hypervisor to:
detect a virtual machine (VM) exit issued by a guest operating system (OS) of the VM responsive to an access by the guest OS of a memory resource, wherein the memory resource is unavailable to the guest OS;
map, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for the memory resource, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory resource is available to the guest OS;
determine a resource type for the memory resource;
identify an additional memory resource associated with the resource type; and
map, by the processing device executing the hypervisor, in the page table, an additional page table entry for the additional memory resource, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional memory resource is available to the guest OS. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
generate a memory page for the additional memory resource; and cause the memory page of the additional memory resource to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory resource by the guest OS. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource type comprises a device type, and wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional devices associated with the device type; generate one or more memory pages for each of the one or more additional devices; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional memory pages. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the resource type indicates a device, and wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional devices; generate one or more memory pages for each of the one or more additional devices; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional memory pages. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that the resource type comprises a memory page associated with a boot operation of the guest OS; identify an additional memory page associated with an additional boot operation of the guest OS; load, into hypervisor memory, the additional memory page. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
detecting an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; responsive to detecting the out of memory condition:
unmap the additional page table entry; and
deallocate a memory page associated with the additional page table entry. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to execute a hypervisor to:
receive a notification from a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM), wherein the notification indicates a guest OS access of a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus, wherein the device slot is unavailable to the guest OS; map, in a page table of the hypervisor, a page table entry for a memory configuration space of the device slot to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the configuration space is available to the guest OS; identify an additional device slot associated with the communication bus; and map, in the page table, an additional page table entry for an additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to an additional memory address, wherein the additional page table entry indicates that the additional configuration space is available to the guest OS. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
cause the additional memory configuration space of the additional device slot to be provided to the guest OS responsive to detecting a subsequent access of the additional memory address by the guest OS. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any device; identify one or more additional device slots that are not associated with any device; generate one or more memory pages for the one or more additional device slots; and map, in the page table, one or more additional page table entries for each of the corresponding one or more additional device slots, wherein the one or more additional page table entries indicate that the corresponding memory pages are read only for the guest OS. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a disk image for the guest OS; and load, into hypervisor memory, at least a portion of the disk image for the guest OS. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify one or more additional resources associated with a boot device for the guest OS; and map, in the page table, page table entries for the one or more additional resources associated with the boot device. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
detect an out of memory condition associated with the guest OS; and responsive to detecting the out of memory condition, unmap the additional page table entry. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the notification comprises a VM exit caused by the guest OS access of the memory address associated with the device | 2,800 |
341,403 | 16,801,746 | 2,874 | Gate driver bootstrap circuits and related methods are disclosed. An example gate driver stage includes a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor, the capacitor and the second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a power transistor, a gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver, the bootstrap circuit including a control stage circuit having an output and a first transistor having a first gate terminal and a first current terminal, the first gate terminal coupled to the output, the first current terminal coupled to the first terminal. | 1. A gate driver stage comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor, the capacitor and the second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a power transistor; a gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal; and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver, the bootstrap circuit including:
a control stage circuit having an output; and
a first transistor having a first gate terminal and a first current terminal, the first gate terminal coupled to the output, the first current terminal coupled to the first terminal. 2. The gate driver stage of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit is configured to increase a first voltage at the first terminal to a second voltage until a voltage regulation loop circuit determines that the first voltage satisfies a voltage threshold, the second voltage referenced to a third voltage at the second terminal. 3. The gate driver of claim 2, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a second transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the output, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal, the first transistor and the second transistor in either a source-follower configuration or an emitter-follower configuration to increase the first voltage to the second voltage. 4. The gate driver of claim 3, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field-effect transistors in the source-follower configuration, the first current terminal and the second current terminal are source terminals, and the control stage circuit includes a third transistor having a third current terminal and a fourth current terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 5. The gate driver of claim 3, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are bipolar junction transistors in the emitter-follower configuration, the first current terminal and the second current terminal are emitter terminals, and the control stage circuit includes a third transistor having a third current terminal and a fourth current terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 6. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a diode to rectify a direction of current to the first terminal in response to a first voltage at the first terminal is greater than a voltage input. 7. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a control stage circuit that obtains a feedback signal from at least of a first current limiting circuit, a second current limiting circuit, or a voltage regulation loop circuit. 8. The gate driver of claim 7, wherein the control stage circuit includes a transistor having a gate terminal, and the control stage circuit is a buffering stage coupled to the transistor, the buffering stage to drive the gate terminal to have a first voltage that is greater or lesser than a second voltage at the second terminal. 9. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes:
a resistor; a current limiting circuit having a first input and a first output, the first input coupled to the resistor; a transistor having a gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the first current terminal coupled to a voltage input, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first output, the reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the gate terminal. 10. The gate driver of claim 9, wherein the current limiting circuit is a first current limiting circuit, and the bootstrap circuit includes a second current limiting circuit having a second input and a second output, the second input coupled to the resistor and the first input, the second output coupled to the control input. 11. The gate driver of claim 10, wherein the first current limiting circuit and the second current limiting circuit are configured to measure a voltage across the resistor and compare the voltage to a voltage threshold. 12. The gate driver of claim 9, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and further including:
a diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the resistor and the first input; and a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the control output, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode, the fourth current terminal coupled to the first terminal. 13. The gate driver of claim 12, wherein the first transistor has a first size and the second transistor has a second size less than the first size the resistor coupled to the second transistor in a configuration to reduce power dissipation and current consumption of the bootstrap circuit. 14. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a control stage circuit and a level shifter coupled to the control stage circuit, the level shifter to a first signal to a second signal, the first signal corresponding to a ground referenced enable signal, the second signal corresponding to a signal referenced to a first voltage at the first terminal or a second voltage at the second terminal. 15. A bootstrap circuit comprising:
a first current limiting circuit having a first output; a second current limiting circuit having a second output; a control stage circuit having a first input, a second input, and a third output, the first input coupled to the first output and the second output; a voltage regulation loop circuit having a third input, a fourth input, and a fourth output, the fourth output coupled to the first input; and a transistor having a gate terminal and a current terminal, the gate terminal coupled to the third output, the current terminal coupled to the third input. 16. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the third input and the current terminal are to be coupled to a capacitor. 17. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, the second current limiting circuit has a fifth input, and the first current limiting circuit includes a P-Channel field-effect transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the fifth input, the second current terminal coupled to the first input. 18. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the second output is an amplifier output, and the second current limiting circuit includes a voltage source and an amplifier, the amplifier having a first amplifier input, a second amplifier input, and the amplifier output, the voltage source coupled to the first amplifier input, the amplifier output coupled to the first input. 19. The bootstrap circuit of claim 18, wherein the first current limiting circuit has a fifth input, the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, and further including:
a diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the second amplifier input and the fifth input; and a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a second current terminal, and a third current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the third output, the second current terminal coupled to the cathode, the third current terminal coupled to the first current terminal, and the third input. 20. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, and further including:
a second transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the third output, the second current terminal coupled to the first current terminal, and the third input. 21. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, further including a level shifter having a level shifter input and a level shifter output, the level shifter output coupled to the second input. 22. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, further including a reference voltage circuit having a reference voltage circuit input and a reference voltage circuit output, the reference voltage circuit input coupled to the fourth input, the reference voltage circuit input to be coupled to a capacitor. 23. A gate driver stage comprising:
a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the third terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a transistor, the fourth terminal to be coupled to a current terminal of the transistor; a first gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, the first gate driver configured to turn on the transistor; a second gate driver coupled to the third terminal and the fourth terminal, the second gate driver configured to turn off the transistor; and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the first gate driver. 24. The gate driver stage of claim 23, wherein the first terminal is to be coupled to a first capacitor terminal of a capacitor, the second terminal is to be coupled to a first resistor terminal of a resistor and a second capacitor terminal of the capacitor, and a second resistor terminal of the resistor to be coupled to the gate terminal. 25. The gate driver stage of claim 23, further including:
a second transistor to have a threshold voltage, the second transistor coupled to an output of the first gate driver; and wherein the bootstrap circuit is configured to generate a voltage across the first gate driver to cause the first gate driver to generate an output voltage greater than the threshold voltage, the second transistor to turn on in response to the output voltage being greater than the threshold voltage. 26. The gate driver stage of claim 23, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and the bootstrap circuit includes:
a diode having an anode and a cathode; a first current limiting circuit having a first current limiting circuit input and a first current limiting circuit output, the first current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second current limiting circuit having a second current limiting circuit input and a second current limiting circuit output, the second current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; a third transistor having a third gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second current terminal and the first terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a control reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first current limiting circuit output and the second current limiting circuit output, the control reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the second gate terminal and the third gate terminal. 27. The gate driver stage of claim 26, wherein the control input is a first control input, the control stage circuit has a second control input, and further including:
a level shifter having a level shifter output coupled to the second control input; a reference voltage circuit having a first reference voltage circuit terminal and a second reference voltage circuit terminal, the second reference voltage circuit terminal coupled to the second terminal; and a comparator having a first comparator input, a second comparator input, and a comparator output, the first comparator input coupled to the second current terminal, the fourth current terminal, and the first terminal, the second comparator input coupled to the first reference voltage circuit terminal, the comparator output coupled to the first control input, the first current limiting circuit output, and the second current limiting circuit output. 28. The gate driver stage of claim 27, wherein the diode is a first diode, and the reference voltage circuit includes a Zener diode coupled to a second diode. 29. The gate driver stage of claim 26, wherein:
the first current limiting circuit includes:
a fourth transistor having a fourth gate terminal, a fifth current terminal, and a sixth current terminal, the fourth gate terminal coupled to the anode; and
the second current limiting circuit includes:
a voltage source having a first voltage source terminal and a second voltage source terminal; and
an amplifier having a first amplifier input, a second amplifier input,
and an amplifier output, the first amplifier input coupled to the second voltage source terminal, the second amplifier input coupled to the anode, and the amplifier output coupled to the sixth current terminal and the control input. 30. The gate driver stage of claim 26, further including a level shifter, and wherein the control stage circuit includes:
a current source coupled to the level shifter; and a fourth transistor having a fourth gate terminal, a fifth current terminal, and a sixth current terminal, the fourth gate terminal coupled to the second current limiting circuit output, the fifth current terminal coupled to the current source, the first gate terminal, and the second gate terminal, the sixth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 31. A gate driver integrated device comprising:
a first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor: a second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a transistor; a gate driver stage coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, the gate driver stage including:
a gate driver configured to turn on the transistor; and
a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver. 32. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the transistor is a Silicon Carbide transistor. 33. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the gate driver integrated device is included in a traction inverter of an electric vehicle, and the transistor is coupled to a motor of the electric vehicle. 34. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and the bootstrap circuit includes:
a diode having an anode and a cathode; a first current limiting circuit having a first current limiting circuit input and a first current limiting circuit output, the first current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second current limiting circuit having a second current limiting circuit input and a second current limiting circuit output, the second current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; a third transistor having a third gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second current terminal and the first terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a control reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first current limiting circuit output and the second current limiting circuit output, the control reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the second gate terminal and the third gate terminal. | Gate driver bootstrap circuits and related methods are disclosed. An example gate driver stage includes a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor, the capacitor and the second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a power transistor, a gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver, the bootstrap circuit including a control stage circuit having an output and a first transistor having a first gate terminal and a first current terminal, the first gate terminal coupled to the output, the first current terminal coupled to the first terminal.1. A gate driver stage comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor, the capacitor and the second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a power transistor; a gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal; and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver, the bootstrap circuit including:
a control stage circuit having an output; and
a first transistor having a first gate terminal and a first current terminal, the first gate terminal coupled to the output, the first current terminal coupled to the first terminal. 2. The gate driver stage of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit is configured to increase a first voltage at the first terminal to a second voltage until a voltage regulation loop circuit determines that the first voltage satisfies a voltage threshold, the second voltage referenced to a third voltage at the second terminal. 3. The gate driver of claim 2, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a second transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the output, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal, the first transistor and the second transistor in either a source-follower configuration or an emitter-follower configuration to increase the first voltage to the second voltage. 4. The gate driver of claim 3, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field-effect transistors in the source-follower configuration, the first current terminal and the second current terminal are source terminals, and the control stage circuit includes a third transistor having a third current terminal and a fourth current terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 5. The gate driver of claim 3, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are bipolar junction transistors in the emitter-follower configuration, the first current terminal and the second current terminal are emitter terminals, and the control stage circuit includes a third transistor having a third current terminal and a fourth current terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 6. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a diode to rectify a direction of current to the first terminal in response to a first voltage at the first terminal is greater than a voltage input. 7. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a control stage circuit that obtains a feedback signal from at least of a first current limiting circuit, a second current limiting circuit, or a voltage regulation loop circuit. 8. The gate driver of claim 7, wherein the control stage circuit includes a transistor having a gate terminal, and the control stage circuit is a buffering stage coupled to the transistor, the buffering stage to drive the gate terminal to have a first voltage that is greater or lesser than a second voltage at the second terminal. 9. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes:
a resistor; a current limiting circuit having a first input and a first output, the first input coupled to the resistor; a transistor having a gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the first current terminal coupled to a voltage input, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first output, the reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the gate terminal. 10. The gate driver of claim 9, wherein the current limiting circuit is a first current limiting circuit, and the bootstrap circuit includes a second current limiting circuit having a second input and a second output, the second input coupled to the resistor and the first input, the second output coupled to the control input. 11. The gate driver of claim 10, wherein the first current limiting circuit and the second current limiting circuit are configured to measure a voltage across the resistor and compare the voltage to a voltage threshold. 12. The gate driver of claim 9, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and further including:
a diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the resistor and the first input; and a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the first gate terminal and the control output, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode, the fourth current terminal coupled to the first terminal. 13. The gate driver of claim 12, wherein the first transistor has a first size and the second transistor has a second size less than the first size the resistor coupled to the second transistor in a configuration to reduce power dissipation and current consumption of the bootstrap circuit. 14. The gate driver of claim 1, wherein the bootstrap circuit includes a control stage circuit and a level shifter coupled to the control stage circuit, the level shifter to a first signal to a second signal, the first signal corresponding to a ground referenced enable signal, the second signal corresponding to a signal referenced to a first voltage at the first terminal or a second voltage at the second terminal. 15. A bootstrap circuit comprising:
a first current limiting circuit having a first output; a second current limiting circuit having a second output; a control stage circuit having a first input, a second input, and a third output, the first input coupled to the first output and the second output; a voltage regulation loop circuit having a third input, a fourth input, and a fourth output, the fourth output coupled to the first input; and a transistor having a gate terminal and a current terminal, the gate terminal coupled to the third output, the current terminal coupled to the third input. 16. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the third input and the current terminal are to be coupled to a capacitor. 17. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, the second current limiting circuit has a fifth input, and the first current limiting circuit includes a P-Channel field-effect transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the fifth input, the second current terminal coupled to the first input. 18. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the second output is an amplifier output, and the second current limiting circuit includes a voltage source and an amplifier, the amplifier having a first amplifier input, a second amplifier input, and the amplifier output, the voltage source coupled to the first amplifier input, the amplifier output coupled to the first input. 19. The bootstrap circuit of claim 18, wherein the first current limiting circuit has a fifth input, the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, and further including:
a diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode coupled to the second amplifier input and the fifth input; and a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a second current terminal, and a third current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the third output, the second current terminal coupled to the cathode, the third current terminal coupled to the first current terminal, and the third input. 20. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, the current terminal is a first current terminal, and further including:
a second transistor having a second gate terminal and a second current terminal, the second gate terminal coupled to the third output, the second current terminal coupled to the first current terminal, and the third input. 21. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, further including a level shifter having a level shifter input and a level shifter output, the level shifter output coupled to the second input. 22. The bootstrap circuit of claim 15, further including a reference voltage circuit having a reference voltage circuit input and a reference voltage circuit output, the reference voltage circuit input coupled to the fourth input, the reference voltage circuit input to be coupled to a capacitor. 23. A gate driver stage comprising:
a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the third terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a transistor, the fourth terminal to be coupled to a current terminal of the transistor; a first gate driver coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, the first gate driver configured to turn on the transistor; a second gate driver coupled to the third terminal and the fourth terminal, the second gate driver configured to turn off the transistor; and a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the first gate driver. 24. The gate driver stage of claim 23, wherein the first terminal is to be coupled to a first capacitor terminal of a capacitor, the second terminal is to be coupled to a first resistor terminal of a resistor and a second capacitor terminal of the capacitor, and a second resistor terminal of the resistor to be coupled to the gate terminal. 25. The gate driver stage of claim 23, further including:
a second transistor to have a threshold voltage, the second transistor coupled to an output of the first gate driver; and wherein the bootstrap circuit is configured to generate a voltage across the first gate driver to cause the first gate driver to generate an output voltage greater than the threshold voltage, the second transistor to turn on in response to the output voltage being greater than the threshold voltage. 26. The gate driver stage of claim 23, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and the bootstrap circuit includes:
a diode having an anode and a cathode; a first current limiting circuit having a first current limiting circuit input and a first current limiting circuit output, the first current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second current limiting circuit having a second current limiting circuit input and a second current limiting circuit output, the second current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; a third transistor having a third gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second current terminal and the first terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a control reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first current limiting circuit output and the second current limiting circuit output, the control reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the second gate terminal and the third gate terminal. 27. The gate driver stage of claim 26, wherein the control input is a first control input, the control stage circuit has a second control input, and further including:
a level shifter having a level shifter output coupled to the second control input; a reference voltage circuit having a first reference voltage circuit terminal and a second reference voltage circuit terminal, the second reference voltage circuit terminal coupled to the second terminal; and a comparator having a first comparator input, a second comparator input, and a comparator output, the first comparator input coupled to the second current terminal, the fourth current terminal, and the first terminal, the second comparator input coupled to the first reference voltage circuit terminal, the comparator output coupled to the first control input, the first current limiting circuit output, and the second current limiting circuit output. 28. The gate driver stage of claim 27, wherein the diode is a first diode, and the reference voltage circuit includes a Zener diode coupled to a second diode. 29. The gate driver stage of claim 26, wherein:
the first current limiting circuit includes:
a fourth transistor having a fourth gate terminal, a fifth current terminal, and a sixth current terminal, the fourth gate terminal coupled to the anode; and
the second current limiting circuit includes:
a voltage source having a first voltage source terminal and a second voltage source terminal; and
an amplifier having a first amplifier input, a second amplifier input,
and an amplifier output, the first amplifier input coupled to the second voltage source terminal, the second amplifier input coupled to the anode, and the amplifier output coupled to the sixth current terminal and the control input. 30. The gate driver stage of claim 26, further including a level shifter, and wherein the control stage circuit includes:
a current source coupled to the level shifter; and a fourth transistor having a fourth gate terminal, a fifth current terminal, and a sixth current terminal, the fourth gate terminal coupled to the second current limiting circuit output, the fifth current terminal coupled to the current source, the first gate terminal, and the second gate terminal, the sixth current terminal coupled to the second terminal. 31. A gate driver integrated device comprising:
a first terminal to be coupled to a capacitor: a second terminal to be coupled to a gate terminal of a transistor; a gate driver stage coupled to the first terminal and the second terminal, the gate driver stage including:
a gate driver configured to turn on the transistor; and
a bootstrap circuit coupled to the first terminal, the second terminal, and the gate driver. 32. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the transistor is a Silicon Carbide transistor. 33. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the gate driver integrated device is included in a traction inverter of an electric vehicle, and the transistor is coupled to a motor of the electric vehicle. 34. The gate driver integrated device of claim 31, wherein the transistor is a first transistor, the gate terminal is a first gate terminal, and the bootstrap circuit includes:
a diode having an anode and a cathode; a first current limiting circuit having a first current limiting circuit input and a first current limiting circuit output, the first current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second current limiting circuit having a second current limiting circuit input and a second current limiting circuit output, the second current limiting circuit input coupled to the anode; a second transistor having a second gate terminal, a first current terminal, and a second current terminal, the second current terminal coupled to the first terminal; a third transistor having a third gate terminal, a third current terminal, and a fourth current terminal, the fourth current terminal coupled to the second current terminal and the first terminal, the third current terminal coupled to the cathode; and a control stage circuit having a control input, a control reference input, and a control output, the control input coupled to the first current limiting circuit output and the second current limiting circuit output, the control reference input coupled to the second terminal, the control output coupled to the second gate terminal and the third gate terminal. | 2,800 |
341,404 | 16,801,763 | 3,732 | A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head including outer and inner shells; a mat including a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated. | 1. A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head, the protective helmet comprising:
an outer shell and an inner shell, the inner shell being integrally secured within an interior cavity of the outer shell; a mat located between the outer and inner shells, the mat comprising a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels, the plurality of cells and the plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication with opposing ones of the plurality of cells; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat, relative to the point of impact, to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated. 2. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 1 wherein the fluid is a liquid. 3. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 1 wherein the fluid is a gas. 4. A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head and neck, the protective helmet comprising:
an outer shell and an inner shell, the inner shell being integrally secured within an interior cavity of the outer shell; a mat located between the outer and inner shells and extending therefrom down the user's neck, the mat comprising a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels, the plurality of cells and the plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat, relative to the point of impact, to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated. 5. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 4 wherein the fluid is a liquid. 6. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 4 wherein the fluid is a gas. | A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head including outer and inner shells; a mat including a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated.1. A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head, the protective helmet comprising:
an outer shell and an inner shell, the inner shell being integrally secured within an interior cavity of the outer shell; a mat located between the outer and inner shells, the mat comprising a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels, the plurality of cells and the plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication with opposing ones of the plurality of cells; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat, relative to the point of impact, to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated. 2. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 1 wherein the fluid is a liquid. 3. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 1 wherein the fluid is a gas. 4. A protective helmet system for protecting a user's head and neck, the protective helmet comprising:
an outer shell and an inner shell, the inner shell being integrally secured within an interior cavity of the outer shell; a mat located between the outer and inner shells and extending therefrom down the user's neck, the mat comprising a plurality of cells and a plurality of channels, the plurality of cells and the plurality of channels collectively defining a fluid flow system wherein each of the plurality of channels is structured and disposed for connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of cells such that each of the plurality of cells is in fluid flow communication; a fluid in the fluid flow system; and wherein a critical dampening occurs when a force impacts the outer shell at a point of impact causing the fluid to flow away from the point of impact thereby dampening at the point of impact as the fluid flows through the fluid flow system causing each of the plurality of cells on the opposing end of the mat, relative to the point of impact, to fill such that motion of the user's head away from the point of impact is decelerated. 5. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 4 wherein the fluid is a liquid. 6. The protective helmet system for protecting a user's head as recited in claim 4 wherein the fluid is a gas. | 3,700 |
341,405 | 16,801,738 | 3,732 | Securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, for example to allow an institution to prove it has knowledge regarding an alert. Code or software may be generated (at a first computer system) which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity. A name may be generated for the code based on information describing the entity, and the code may be published to a blockchain, along with at least one key corresponding to the code. For each name an entry may be creating in an index, converting the name to a blockchain address. A proof based on the code may be generated at a second computer system, which, if verified, results in the first institution and the second institution sharing information regarding the entity. | 1. A method for securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, the method comprising:
generating code which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity; generating a name for the code based at least in part on information describing the entity; publishing the code to a blockchain; and publishing at least one key corresponding to the code to a blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising:
downloading to a local computer from the blockchain published code corresponding to details for a second entity;
executing on the local computer the published code; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the second entity, determining that the second entity is the same as the entity, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 3. The method of claim 1 comprising compiling the code prior to publishing the code to the blockchain. 4. The method of claim 1 comprising for each name creating an entry in an index converting the name to a blockchain address. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the entity is an entity associated with an alert generated by a financial institution. 6. The method of claim 1 comprising verifying a proof corresponding to the code via the blockchain. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein generating code is performed at a first institution and a proof is generated at a second institution, the method comprising, if a proof is verified, the first institution and the second institution sharing information regarding the entity. 8. A method of proving knowledge of an entity, the method comprising:
downloading to a local computer from a blockchain published code corresponding to details for an entity; executing on the local computer the published code using the details; and if the published code indicates a match of the details for the entity, determining that the entity is the same as the entity for which the code was published, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 9. The method of claim 8 comprising searching for the published code on the blockchain using a description of the entity. 10. A system for securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to:
generate code which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity;
generate a name for the code based at least in part on information describing the entity;
publish the code to a blockchain; and
publish at least one key corresponding to the code to a blockchain. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to:
download to a local computer from the blockchain published code corresponding to details for a second entity;
execute on the local computer the published code; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the second entity, determine that the second entity is the same as the entity, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 12. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to compile the code prior to publishing the code to the blockchain. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to for each name create an entry in an index converting the name to a blockchain address. 14. The system of claim 10 wherein the entity is an entity associated with an alert generated by a financial institution. 15. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to verify a proof corresponding to the code via the blockchain. 16. The system of claim 10 wherein generating code is performed at a first institution and a proof is generated at a second institution, wherein if a proof is verified, the first institution and the second institution share information regarding the entity. 17. A system for proving knowledge of an entity, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to:
download to a local computer from a blockchain published code corresponding to details for an entity;
execute on the local computer the published code using the details; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the entity, determine that the entity is the same as the entity for which the code was published, generate a proof, and publish the proof to the blockchain. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the processor is configured to search for the published code on the blockchain using a description of the entity. 19. The system of claim 17 wherein the entity is an entity for which an alert has been raised, and wherein processor is configured to publish code related to the entity to the blockchain. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein the entity is an entity for which an alert has been raised, and wherein processor is configured to generate code which returns a value based on a match of input details to actual details regarding the entity. | Securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, for example to allow an institution to prove it has knowledge regarding an alert. Code or software may be generated (at a first computer system) which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity. A name may be generated for the code based on information describing the entity, and the code may be published to a blockchain, along with at least one key corresponding to the code. For each name an entry may be creating in an index, converting the name to a blockchain address. A proof based on the code may be generated at a second computer system, which, if verified, results in the first institution and the second institution sharing information regarding the entity.1. A method for securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, the method comprising:
generating code which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity; generating a name for the code based at least in part on information describing the entity; publishing the code to a blockchain; and publishing at least one key corresponding to the code to a blockchain. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising:
downloading to a local computer from the blockchain published code corresponding to details for a second entity;
executing on the local computer the published code; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the second entity, determining that the second entity is the same as the entity, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 3. The method of claim 1 comprising compiling the code prior to publishing the code to the blockchain. 4. The method of claim 1 comprising for each name creating an entry in an index converting the name to a blockchain address. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the entity is an entity associated with an alert generated by a financial institution. 6. The method of claim 1 comprising verifying a proof corresponding to the code via the blockchain. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein generating code is performed at a first institution and a proof is generated at a second institution, the method comprising, if a proof is verified, the first institution and the second institution sharing information regarding the entity. 8. A method of proving knowledge of an entity, the method comprising:
downloading to a local computer from a blockchain published code corresponding to details for an entity; executing on the local computer the published code using the details; and if the published code indicates a match of the details for the entity, determining that the entity is the same as the entity for which the code was published, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 9. The method of claim 8 comprising searching for the published code on the blockchain using a description of the entity. 10. A system for securely sharing proof of knowledge of information without revealing the information, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to:
generate code which takes as input one or more details regarding an entity and returns a value based on a match to one or more actual details regarding the entity;
generate a name for the code based at least in part on information describing the entity;
publish the code to a blockchain; and
publish at least one key corresponding to the code to a blockchain. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to:
download to a local computer from the blockchain published code corresponding to details for a second entity;
execute on the local computer the published code; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the second entity, determine that the second entity is the same as the entity, generating a proof, and publishing the proof to the blockchain. 12. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to compile the code prior to publishing the code to the blockchain. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to for each name create an entry in an index converting the name to a blockchain address. 14. The system of claim 10 wherein the entity is an entity associated with an alert generated by a financial institution. 15. The system of claim 10 wherein the processor is configured to verify a proof corresponding to the code via the blockchain. 16. The system of claim 10 wherein generating code is performed at a first institution and a proof is generated at a second institution, wherein if a proof is verified, the first institution and the second institution share information regarding the entity. 17. A system for proving knowledge of an entity, the system comprising:
a memory; and a processor configured to:
download to a local computer from a blockchain published code corresponding to details for an entity;
execute on the local computer the published code using the details; and
if the published code indicates a match of the details for the entity, determine that the entity is the same as the entity for which the code was published, generate a proof, and publish the proof to the blockchain. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the processor is configured to search for the published code on the blockchain using a description of the entity. 19. The system of claim 17 wherein the entity is an entity for which an alert has been raised, and wherein processor is configured to publish code related to the entity to the blockchain. 20. The system of claim 17 wherein the entity is an entity for which an alert has been raised, and wherein processor is configured to generate code which returns a value based on a match of input details to actual details regarding the entity. | 3,700 |
341,406 | 16,801,744 | 3,732 | Various arrangements of a connection system are presented. The system can include radio cable ports. Each radio cable port may be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system. Each radio cable port may be keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly can be mated with the radio cable port. The system can also include antenna cable ports. Each antenna cable port can be configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system. Each antenna cable port may be keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly can be mated with the antenna cable port. Each radio cable port is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected. | 1. A cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system, comprising:
a plurality of radio cable ports, wherein:
each radio cable port is configured to be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system; and
each radio cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of a plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the radio cable port;
a plurality of antenna cable ports, wherein:
each antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports is configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system; and
each antenna cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the antenna cable port; and
each radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected. 2. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprises the plurality of keyed cable assemblies. 3. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 2, wherein each keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies comprises a keyed radio connector and a keyed antenna connector. 4. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 3, wherein the keyed radio connector and the keyed antenna connector of each keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies are keyed the same. 5. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 4, wherein:
each radio cable port comprises one or more keyed protrusions located within an outer housing; and each antenna cable port comprises one or more keyed elements located within an outer housing. 6. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 5, wherein the one or more keyed protrusions of each radio cable port are arranged in a different pattern than each other radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports. 7. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising a radio plate assembly, wherein the radio plate assembly comprises:
a radio plate; a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate; the plurality of radio cable ports attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and an attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system. 8. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with a plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. 9. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising an antenna plate assembly, wherein the antenna plate assembly comprises:
an antenna plate; a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate; the plurality of antenna cable ports attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and an attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system. 10. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single orientation. 11. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising:
the antenna system comprising a plurality of antennas; and the radio system comprising a plurality of cellular radios. 12. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of radio cable ports are mounted on the radio system. 13. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of antenna cable ports are mounted on the antenna system. 14. A cellular tower plate connection system, comprising:
an antenna plate assembly comprising:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna cable ports, wherein:
each antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports is configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system;
each antenna cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of a plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the antenna cable port; and
the plurality of antenna cable ports are attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a radio plate assembly comprising:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a plurality of radio cable ports, wherein:
each radio cable port is configured to be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system; and
each radio cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the radio cable port; and
the plurality of radio cable ports are attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate. 15. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, wherein each radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected. 16. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, further comprises the plurality of keyed cable assemblies. 17. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 16, wherein:
each radio cable port comprises one or more keyed protrusions located within an outer housing; and each antenna cable port comprises one or more keyed elements located within an outer housing. 18. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 17, wherein the one or more keyed protrusions of each radio cable port are arranged in a different pattern than each other radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports. 19. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the antenna plate assembly further comprising:
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation. 20. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the radio plate assembly further comprising:
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system, wherein:
the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. | Various arrangements of a connection system are presented. The system can include radio cable ports. Each radio cable port may be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system. Each radio cable port may be keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly can be mated with the radio cable port. The system can also include antenna cable ports. Each antenna cable port can be configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system. Each antenna cable port may be keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly can be mated with the antenna cable port. Each radio cable port is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected.1. A cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system, comprising:
a plurality of radio cable ports, wherein:
each radio cable port is configured to be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system; and
each radio cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of a plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the radio cable port;
a plurality of antenna cable ports, wherein:
each antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports is configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system; and
each antenna cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the antenna cable port; and
each radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected. 2. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprises the plurality of keyed cable assemblies. 3. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 2, wherein each keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies comprises a keyed radio connector and a keyed antenna connector. 4. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 3, wherein the keyed radio connector and the keyed antenna connector of each keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies are keyed the same. 5. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 4, wherein:
each radio cable port comprises one or more keyed protrusions located within an outer housing; and each antenna cable port comprises one or more keyed elements located within an outer housing. 6. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 5, wherein the one or more keyed protrusions of each radio cable port are arranged in a different pattern than each other radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports. 7. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising a radio plate assembly, wherein the radio plate assembly comprises:
a radio plate; a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate; the plurality of radio cable ports attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and an attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system. 8. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with a plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. 9. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising an antenna plate assembly, wherein the antenna plate assembly comprises:
an antenna plate; a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate; the plurality of antenna cable ports attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and an attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system. 10. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single orientation. 11. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 1, further comprising:
the antenna system comprising a plurality of antennas; and the radio system comprising a plurality of cellular radios. 12. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 9, wherein the plurality of radio cable ports are mounted on the radio system. 13. The cellular radio to cellular antenna connection system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of antenna cable ports are mounted on the antenna system. 14. A cellular tower plate connection system, comprising:
an antenna plate assembly comprising:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna cable ports, wherein:
each antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports is configured to be communicatively connected with a different radio of a radio system;
each antenna cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of a plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the antenna cable port; and
the plurality of antenna cable ports are attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a radio plate assembly comprising:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a plurality of radio cable ports, wherein:
each radio cable port is configured to be communicatively connected with a different antenna of an antenna system; and
each radio cable port is keyed different such that only a particular keyed cable assembly of the plurality of keyed cable assemblies can be mated with the radio cable port; and
the plurality of radio cable ports are attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate. 15. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, wherein each radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports is keyed in a same pattern as an antenna cable port of the plurality of antenna cable ports with which the radio cable port is intended to be communicatively connected. 16. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, further comprises the plurality of keyed cable assemblies. 17. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 16, wherein:
each radio cable port comprises one or more keyed protrusions located within an outer housing; and each antenna cable port comprises one or more keyed elements located within an outer housing. 18. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 17, wherein the one or more keyed protrusions of each radio cable port are arranged in a different pattern than each other radio cable port of the plurality of radio cable ports. 19. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the antenna plate assembly further comprising:
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation. 20. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the radio plate assembly further comprising:
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system, wherein:
the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. | 3,700 |
341,407 | 16,801,711 | 3,732 | A powered fastener driver includes a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable. The magazine includes a shear block located at a first end of the magazine, a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine, and a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between. The loading portion of the magazine includes first and second slots configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot. The feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about an axis between a first, blocking position, and a second, bypass position. A spring biases the feed channel access gate toward the blocking position. | 1. A powered fastener driver comprising:
a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable, the magazine including
a shear block located at a first end of the magazine,
a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine opposite the first end, and
a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between the shear block and the loading portion;
wherein the loading portion of the magazine includes a first slot and a second slot that are each configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot; wherein the feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about a pivot axis between a first, blocking position blocking access to the second slot and a second, bypass position permitting access to the second slot; and wherein a spring biases the feed channel access gate toward the blocking position. 2. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member includes a blocking tab configured to obstruct a portion of the second slot when the pivot member is in the blocking position. 3. The powered fastener driver of claim 2, wherein the blocking tab includes an inclined portion inclined toward the second end of the magazine and configured to move the pivot member further toward the blocking position when a fastener of the first length is loaded into the second slot. 4. The powered fastener driver of claim 2, wherein the pivot member includes a ramp configured to engage a tip of the fasteners of the first length or a tip of the fasteners of the second length. 5. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the first slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. 6. The powered fastener driver of claim 5, wherein when a fastener of the second length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the second length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. 7. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length does not engage the ramp and the pivot member remains in the blocking position. 8. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein the ramp includes a first chamfer inclined away from the second end of the magazine by a first chamfer angle. 9. The powered fastener driver of claim 8, wherein the blocking tab includes a second chamfer inclined toward the second end of the magazine by a second chamfer angle that is greater than the first chamfer angle; and
wherein the second chamfer is configured to move the pivot member to the bypass position by engagement with the tip of one of the fasteners of the first length and the fasteners of the second length. 10. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member is coupled to the magazine by a pin that defines the pivot axis. 11. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member includes a pair of parallel pivot arms spaced apart by a distance, each pivot arm including a pivot aperture of a diameter, wherein a ratio of the distance to the diameter is greater than 1.5. 12. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the feed channel defines a feed direction along which the fasteners of the first and the second length are inserted into the magazine, and the pivot axis is parallel to the feed direction. 13. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the feed channel defines a feed direction along which the fasteners of the first and the second length are inserted into the magazine, and the pivot axis is inclined with respect to the feed direction by a pivot axis angle of between 5 degrees and 60 degrees. 14. A powered fastener driver comprising:
a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable, the magazine including:
a shear block located at a first end of the magazine,
a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine opposite the first end, and
a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between the shear block and the loading portion along a feed direction;
wherein the loading portion of the magazine includes first and second slots that are each configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot corresponding to the fasteners of the second length; and wherein the feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about a pivot axis parallel to the feed direction between a first, blocking position blocking access to the second slot, and a second, bypass position permitting access to the second slot. 15. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the magazine includes a pusher biased toward the shear block, and wherein when the fasteners of the first length or the fasteners of the second length are received into the magazine, the pusher is configured to urge the fasteners toward the shear block. 16. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member is coupled to the magazine by a pin that defines the pivot axis. 17. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member is configured to be manufactured from a blank sheet of material that is subjected to a stamping and forming process. 18. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member includes a blocking tab that obstructs a portion of the second slot when the pivot member is in the blocking position, the blocking tab having an inclined portion and a chamfer located on opposite sides thereof;
wherein the inclined portion is engageable with the fasteners of the first length to move the pivot member further toward the blocking position when the fasteners of the first length are inserted into the second slot; wherein the chamfer is engageable with the fasteners of the first length to move the pivot member toward the bypass position when the fasteners of the first length are removed from the first slot; and wherein the chamfer is engageable with the fasteners of the second length to move the pivot member toward the bypass position when the fasteners of the second length are removed from the second slot. 19. The powered fastener driver of claim 18, wherein the pivot member includes a ramp configured to engage a tip of the fasteners of the first length or a tip of the fasteners of the second length. 20. The powered fastener driver of claim 19, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the first slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position; and
wherein when a fastener of the second length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the second length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. | A powered fastener driver includes a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable. The magazine includes a shear block located at a first end of the magazine, a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine, and a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between. The loading portion of the magazine includes first and second slots configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot. The feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about an axis between a first, blocking position, and a second, bypass position. A spring biases the feed channel access gate toward the blocking position.1. A powered fastener driver comprising:
a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable, the magazine including
a shear block located at a first end of the magazine,
a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine opposite the first end, and
a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between the shear block and the loading portion;
wherein the loading portion of the magazine includes a first slot and a second slot that are each configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot; wherein the feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about a pivot axis between a first, blocking position blocking access to the second slot and a second, bypass position permitting access to the second slot; and wherein a spring biases the feed channel access gate toward the blocking position. 2. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member includes a blocking tab configured to obstruct a portion of the second slot when the pivot member is in the blocking position. 3. The powered fastener driver of claim 2, wherein the blocking tab includes an inclined portion inclined toward the second end of the magazine and configured to move the pivot member further toward the blocking position when a fastener of the first length is loaded into the second slot. 4. The powered fastener driver of claim 2, wherein the pivot member includes a ramp configured to engage a tip of the fasteners of the first length or a tip of the fasteners of the second length. 5. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the first slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. 6. The powered fastener driver of claim 5, wherein when a fastener of the second length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the second length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. 7. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length does not engage the ramp and the pivot member remains in the blocking position. 8. The powered fastener driver of claim 4, wherein the ramp includes a first chamfer inclined away from the second end of the magazine by a first chamfer angle. 9. The powered fastener driver of claim 8, wherein the blocking tab includes a second chamfer inclined toward the second end of the magazine by a second chamfer angle that is greater than the first chamfer angle; and
wherein the second chamfer is configured to move the pivot member to the bypass position by engagement with the tip of one of the fasteners of the first length and the fasteners of the second length. 10. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member is coupled to the magazine by a pin that defines the pivot axis. 11. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the pivot member includes a pair of parallel pivot arms spaced apart by a distance, each pivot arm including a pivot aperture of a diameter, wherein a ratio of the distance to the diameter is greater than 1.5. 12. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the feed channel defines a feed direction along which the fasteners of the first and the second length are inserted into the magazine, and the pivot axis is parallel to the feed direction. 13. The powered fastener driver of claim 1, wherein the feed channel defines a feed direction along which the fasteners of the first and the second length are inserted into the magazine, and the pivot axis is inclined with respect to the feed direction by a pivot axis angle of between 5 degrees and 60 degrees. 14. A powered fastener driver comprising:
a magazine in which fasteners of a first length or fasteners of a second length greater than the first length are receivable, the magazine including:
a shear block located at a first end of the magazine,
a loading portion located at a second end of the magazine opposite the first end, and
a feed channel extending lengthwise through the magazine between the shear block and the loading portion along a feed direction;
wherein the loading portion of the magazine includes first and second slots that are each configured to receive fasteners of the corresponding first and second lengths for entry into the feed channel, and a feed channel access gate configured to prevent fasteners of the first length from being loaded into the second slot corresponding to the fasteners of the second length; and wherein the feed channel access gate is configured as a pivot member pivotable about a pivot axis parallel to the feed direction between a first, blocking position blocking access to the second slot, and a second, bypass position permitting access to the second slot. 15. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the magazine includes a pusher biased toward the shear block, and wherein when the fasteners of the first length or the fasteners of the second length are received into the magazine, the pusher is configured to urge the fasteners toward the shear block. 16. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member is coupled to the magazine by a pin that defines the pivot axis. 17. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member is configured to be manufactured from a blank sheet of material that is subjected to a stamping and forming process. 18. The powered fastener driver of claim 14, wherein the pivot member includes a blocking tab that obstructs a portion of the second slot when the pivot member is in the blocking position, the blocking tab having an inclined portion and a chamfer located on opposite sides thereof;
wherein the inclined portion is engageable with the fasteners of the first length to move the pivot member further toward the blocking position when the fasteners of the first length are inserted into the second slot; wherein the chamfer is engageable with the fasteners of the first length to move the pivot member toward the bypass position when the fasteners of the first length are removed from the first slot; and wherein the chamfer is engageable with the fasteners of the second length to move the pivot member toward the bypass position when the fasteners of the second length are removed from the second slot. 19. The powered fastener driver of claim 18, wherein the pivot member includes a ramp configured to engage a tip of the fasteners of the first length or a tip of the fasteners of the second length. 20. The powered fastener driver of claim 19, wherein when a fastener of the first length is inserted into the first slot, the tip of the fastener of the first length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position; and
wherein when a fastener of the second length is inserted into the second slot, the tip of the fastener of the second length engages the ramp and moves the pivot member to the bypass position. | 3,700 |
341,408 | 16,801,759 | 3,619 | An enclosed litter box assembly for containing odors associated with feline defecation and urination includes a box for containing kitty litter to accommodate feline defecation and urination. The box has an entry way extending into the box. A ramp releasably engages the box to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through the entry way. A tray is positionable within the box and the kitty litter positioned therein. A lid is positionable on the box for covering the box and the lid has a pair of vents each extending therethrough to pass air therethrough for venting the box. A pair of filters is each removably coupled to the lid to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination. | 1. An enclosed litter box assembly being configured to contain kitty litter for accommodating feline defecation and urination, said assembly comprising:
a box for containing kitty litter wherein said box is configured to accommodate feline defecation and urination, said box having an entry way extending into said box wherein said entry way is configure to have a feline enter therethrough; a ramp releasably engaging said box, said ramp being aligned with said entry way wherein said ramp is configured to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through said entry way; a pair of grips, each of said grips being coupled to said box for gripping and subsequently carrying said box; a tray being positionable within said box wherein said tray is configured to have the kitty litter positioned therein, said tray having a lip extending upwardly therefrom wherein said lip is configured to inhibit the kitty litter from spilling outwardly from said box; a lid being positionable on said box for covering said box, said lid having a pair of vents each extending therethrough wherein each of said vents is configured to pass air therethrough for venting said box; a pair of filters, each of said filters being removably coupled to said lid, each of said filters being aligned with a respective one of said vents, each of said filters being comprising of an air permeable material wherein each of said filters is configured to pass air therethrough, each of said filters being comprised of an odor absorbing media wherein each of said filters is configured to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
said box has a bottom wall and a perimeter wall extending upwardly therefrom, said perimeter wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall defining an opening into said box, said perimeter wall having a front side, a back side, a first lateral side and a second lateral side, said entry way extending through said front side of said perimeter wall; and each of said first and second lateral sides having a translucent portion thereby facilitating an interior of said box to be visible from outside of said box, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides having a bounding edge, said bounding edge of said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides being curved to define the profile of a feline body, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides extending from said front side of said perimeter wall toward said back side of said perimeter wall, said entry way having a bottom bounding edge and an upper bounding edge, said upper bounding edge being convexly arcuate with said bottom bounding edge such that said entry way has a Quonset shape. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein:
said front side of said perimeter wall has indicia being printed thereon, said indicia comprising a pair of feline ears each extending upwardly from said upper bounding edge of said entry way, said indicia comprising feline whiskers each extending laterally away from opposite sides of said upper bounding edge of said entry way; and each of said first and second lateral sides of said perimeter wall of said box has indicia being printed thereon, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides being positioned on said translucent portion of said first and second lateral sides, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides comprising a plurality of lines that suggest haunches and a tail of a feline. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said perimeter wall of said box has a prominence extending outwardly therefrom, said prominence being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall, said prominence being coextensive with said distal edge. 5. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said ramp has a forward side, a rear side and a top side extending therebetween, said top side sloping upwardly between said forward and rear sides, said rear side being positioned against said front side of said perimeter wall of said box wherein said top side is configured to slope upwardly from a support surface to a lower bounding edge of said entry way. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, further comprising a retainer being coupled to said ramp, said retainer comprising a leg and a foot, said leg extending away from said rear side of said ramp having said foot being spaced from and extending downwardly along said rear side of said ramp, said lower bounding edge of said entry way being positioned between said foot and said rear side of said ramp for retaining said ramp against said front side of said box. 7. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said tray has a basal wall, said lip extending upwardly from said basal wall, said lip being coextensive with a perimeter of said basal wall, said lip having a forward side, a rear side and a pair of lateral sides, each of said lateral sides sloping upwardly between said forward side and said rear side of said lip such that said rear side of said lip has a height being greater than a height of said forward side of said lip, said forward side of said lip being aligned with said bottom bounding edge of said entry way in said box when said tray is positioned in said box wherein said forward side of said lip is configured to not inhibit the feline from entering said tray when the feline passes through said entry way, said basal wall resting on said bottom wall of said box when said tray is positioned in said box. 8. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said lid has a topmost wall and a peripheral wall extending downwardly from said topmost wall, each of said vents extending through said topmost wall, said vents being spaced apart from each other, said topmost wall resting on said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box, said peripheral wall extending downwardly along said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for inhibiting said lid from sliding off of said box. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, wherein said peripheral wall has an inwardly facing surface, said inwardly facing surface having a groove extending therein, said groove being coextensive with said peripheral wall, said groove engaging said prominence on said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for releasably retaining said lid on said box. 10. The assembly according to claim 2, further comprising a door being positionable in said entry way for closing said entry way, said door having an outer edge, said outer edge having a profile being coextensive with said bottom bounding edge and said upper bounding edge of said entry way. 11. An enclosed litter box assembly being configured to contain kitty litter for accommodating feline defecation and urination, said assembly comprising:
a box for containing kitty litter wherein said box is configured to accommodate feline defecation and urination, said box having an entry way extending into said box wherein said entry way is configure to have a feline enter therethrough, said box having a bottom wall and a perimeter wall extending upwardly therefrom, said perimeter wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall defining an opening into said box, said perimeter wall having a front side, a back side, a first lateral side and a second lateral side, said entry way extending through said front side of said perimeter wall, each of said first and second lateral sides having a translucent portion thereby facilitating an interior of said box to be visible from outside of said box, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides having a bounding edge, said bounding edge of said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides being curved to define the profile of a feline body, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides extending from said front side of said perimeter wall toward said back side of said perimeter wall, said entry way having a bottom bounding edge and an upper bounding edge, said upper bounding edge being convexly arcuate with said bottom bounding edge such that said entry way has a Quonset shape, said front side of said perimeter wall having indicia being printed thereon, said indicia comprising a pair of feline ears each extending upwardly from said upper bounding edge of said entry way, said indicia comprising feline whiskers each extending laterally away from opposite sides of said upper bounding edge of said entry way, each of said first and second lateral sides of said perimeter wall of said box having indicia being printed thereon, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides being positioned on said translucent portion of said first and second lateral sides, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides comprising a plurality of lines that suggest haunches and a tail of a feline, said perimeter wall of said box having a prominence extending outwardly therefrom, said prominence being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall, said prominence being coextensive with said distal edge; a ramp releasably engaging said box, said ramp being aligned with said entry way wherein said ramp is configured to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through said entry way, said ramp having a forward side, a rear side and a top side extending therebetween, said top side sloping upwardly between said forward and rear sides, said rear side being positioned against said front side of said perimeter wall of said box wherein said top side is configured to slope upwardly from a support surface to said bottom bounding edge of said entry way; a retainer being coupled to said ramp, said retainer comprising a leg and a foot, said leg extending away from said rear side of said ramp having said foot being spaced from and extending downwardly along said rear side of said ramp, said bottom bounding edge of said entry way being positioned between said foot and said rear side of said ramp for retaining said ramp against said front side of said box; a pair of grips, each of said grips being coupled to said box for gripping and subsequently carrying said box, each of said grips being positioned on a respective one of said front and back sides of said perimeter wall of said box, each of said grips being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box; a tray being positionable within said box wherein said tray is configured to have the kitty litter positioned therein, said tray having a lip extending upwardly therefrom wherein said lip is configured to inhibit the kitty litter from spilling outwardly from said box, said tray having a basal wall, said lip extending upwardly from said basal wall, said lip being coextensive with a perimeter of said basal wall, said lip having a forward side, a rear side and a pair of lateral sides, each of said lateral sides sloping upwardly between said forward side of said lip and said rear side of said lip such that said rear side of said lip has a height being greater than a height of said forward side of said lip, said forward side of said lip being aligned with said bottom bounding edge of said entry way in said box when said tray is positioned in said box wherein said forward side of said lip is configured to not inhibit the feline from entering said tray when the feline passes through said entry way, said basal wall resting on said bottom wall of said box when said tray is positioned in said box; a lid being positionable on said box for covering said box, said lid having a pair of vents each extending therethrough wherein each of said vents is configured to pass air therethrough for venting said box, said lid having a topmost wall and a peripheral wall extending downwardly from said topmost wall, each of said vents extending through said topmost wall, said vents being spaced apart from each other, said topmost wall resting on said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box, said peripheral wall extending downwardly along said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for inhibiting said lid from sliding off of said box, said peripheral wall having an inwardly facing surface, said inwardly facing surface having a groove extending therein, said groove being coextensive with said peripheral wall, said groove engaging said prominence on said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for releasably retaining said lid on said box; a pair of filters, each of said filters being removably coupled to said lid, each of said filters being aligned with a respective one of said vents, each of said filters being comprising of an air permeable material wherein each of said filters is configured to pass air therethrough, each of said filters being comprised of an odor absorbing media wherein each of said filters is configured to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination; and a door being positionable in said entry way for closing said entry way, said door having an outer edge, said outer edge having a profile being coextensive with said bottom bounding edge and said upper bounding edge of said entry way. | An enclosed litter box assembly for containing odors associated with feline defecation and urination includes a box for containing kitty litter to accommodate feline defecation and urination. The box has an entry way extending into the box. A ramp releasably engages the box to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through the entry way. A tray is positionable within the box and the kitty litter positioned therein. A lid is positionable on the box for covering the box and the lid has a pair of vents each extending therethrough to pass air therethrough for venting the box. A pair of filters is each removably coupled to the lid to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination.1. An enclosed litter box assembly being configured to contain kitty litter for accommodating feline defecation and urination, said assembly comprising:
a box for containing kitty litter wherein said box is configured to accommodate feline defecation and urination, said box having an entry way extending into said box wherein said entry way is configure to have a feline enter therethrough; a ramp releasably engaging said box, said ramp being aligned with said entry way wherein said ramp is configured to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through said entry way; a pair of grips, each of said grips being coupled to said box for gripping and subsequently carrying said box; a tray being positionable within said box wherein said tray is configured to have the kitty litter positioned therein, said tray having a lip extending upwardly therefrom wherein said lip is configured to inhibit the kitty litter from spilling outwardly from said box; a lid being positionable on said box for covering said box, said lid having a pair of vents each extending therethrough wherein each of said vents is configured to pass air therethrough for venting said box; a pair of filters, each of said filters being removably coupled to said lid, each of said filters being aligned with a respective one of said vents, each of said filters being comprising of an air permeable material wherein each of said filters is configured to pass air therethrough, each of said filters being comprised of an odor absorbing media wherein each of said filters is configured to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
said box has a bottom wall and a perimeter wall extending upwardly therefrom, said perimeter wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall defining an opening into said box, said perimeter wall having a front side, a back side, a first lateral side and a second lateral side, said entry way extending through said front side of said perimeter wall; and each of said first and second lateral sides having a translucent portion thereby facilitating an interior of said box to be visible from outside of said box, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides having a bounding edge, said bounding edge of said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides being curved to define the profile of a feline body, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides extending from said front side of said perimeter wall toward said back side of said perimeter wall, said entry way having a bottom bounding edge and an upper bounding edge, said upper bounding edge being convexly arcuate with said bottom bounding edge such that said entry way has a Quonset shape. 3. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein:
said front side of said perimeter wall has indicia being printed thereon, said indicia comprising a pair of feline ears each extending upwardly from said upper bounding edge of said entry way, said indicia comprising feline whiskers each extending laterally away from opposite sides of said upper bounding edge of said entry way; and each of said first and second lateral sides of said perimeter wall of said box has indicia being printed thereon, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides being positioned on said translucent portion of said first and second lateral sides, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides comprising a plurality of lines that suggest haunches and a tail of a feline. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said perimeter wall of said box has a prominence extending outwardly therefrom, said prominence being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall, said prominence being coextensive with said distal edge. 5. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said ramp has a forward side, a rear side and a top side extending therebetween, said top side sloping upwardly between said forward and rear sides, said rear side being positioned against said front side of said perimeter wall of said box wherein said top side is configured to slope upwardly from a support surface to a lower bounding edge of said entry way. 6. The assembly according to claim 5, further comprising a retainer being coupled to said ramp, said retainer comprising a leg and a foot, said leg extending away from said rear side of said ramp having said foot being spaced from and extending downwardly along said rear side of said ramp, said lower bounding edge of said entry way being positioned between said foot and said rear side of said ramp for retaining said ramp against said front side of said box. 7. The assembly according to claim 2, wherein said tray has a basal wall, said lip extending upwardly from said basal wall, said lip being coextensive with a perimeter of said basal wall, said lip having a forward side, a rear side and a pair of lateral sides, each of said lateral sides sloping upwardly between said forward side and said rear side of said lip such that said rear side of said lip has a height being greater than a height of said forward side of said lip, said forward side of said lip being aligned with said bottom bounding edge of said entry way in said box when said tray is positioned in said box wherein said forward side of said lip is configured to not inhibit the feline from entering said tray when the feline passes through said entry way, said basal wall resting on said bottom wall of said box when said tray is positioned in said box. 8. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said lid has a topmost wall and a peripheral wall extending downwardly from said topmost wall, each of said vents extending through said topmost wall, said vents being spaced apart from each other, said topmost wall resting on said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box, said peripheral wall extending downwardly along said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for inhibiting said lid from sliding off of said box. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, wherein said peripheral wall has an inwardly facing surface, said inwardly facing surface having a groove extending therein, said groove being coextensive with said peripheral wall, said groove engaging said prominence on said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for releasably retaining said lid on said box. 10. The assembly according to claim 2, further comprising a door being positionable in said entry way for closing said entry way, said door having an outer edge, said outer edge having a profile being coextensive with said bottom bounding edge and said upper bounding edge of said entry way. 11. An enclosed litter box assembly being configured to contain kitty litter for accommodating feline defecation and urination, said assembly comprising:
a box for containing kitty litter wherein said box is configured to accommodate feline defecation and urination, said box having an entry way extending into said box wherein said entry way is configure to have a feline enter therethrough, said box having a bottom wall and a perimeter wall extending upwardly therefrom, said perimeter wall having a distal edge with respect to said bottom wall defining an opening into said box, said perimeter wall having a front side, a back side, a first lateral side and a second lateral side, said entry way extending through said front side of said perimeter wall, each of said first and second lateral sides having a translucent portion thereby facilitating an interior of said box to be visible from outside of said box, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides having a bounding edge, said bounding edge of said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides being curved to define the profile of a feline body, said translucent portion of each of said first and second lateral sides extending from said front side of said perimeter wall toward said back side of said perimeter wall, said entry way having a bottom bounding edge and an upper bounding edge, said upper bounding edge being convexly arcuate with said bottom bounding edge such that said entry way has a Quonset shape, said front side of said perimeter wall having indicia being printed thereon, said indicia comprising a pair of feline ears each extending upwardly from said upper bounding edge of said entry way, said indicia comprising feline whiskers each extending laterally away from opposite sides of said upper bounding edge of said entry way, each of said first and second lateral sides of said perimeter wall of said box having indicia being printed thereon, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides being positioned on said translucent portion of said first and second lateral sides, said indicia on each of said first and second lateral sides comprising a plurality of lines that suggest haunches and a tail of a feline, said perimeter wall of said box having a prominence extending outwardly therefrom, said prominence being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall, said prominence being coextensive with said distal edge; a ramp releasably engaging said box, said ramp being aligned with said entry way wherein said ramp is configured to assist elderly or disabled felines to pass through said entry way, said ramp having a forward side, a rear side and a top side extending therebetween, said top side sloping upwardly between said forward and rear sides, said rear side being positioned against said front side of said perimeter wall of said box wherein said top side is configured to slope upwardly from a support surface to said bottom bounding edge of said entry way; a retainer being coupled to said ramp, said retainer comprising a leg and a foot, said leg extending away from said rear side of said ramp having said foot being spaced from and extending downwardly along said rear side of said ramp, said bottom bounding edge of said entry way being positioned between said foot and said rear side of said ramp for retaining said ramp against said front side of said box; a pair of grips, each of said grips being coupled to said box for gripping and subsequently carrying said box, each of said grips being positioned on a respective one of said front and back sides of said perimeter wall of said box, each of said grips being aligned with said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box; a tray being positionable within said box wherein said tray is configured to have the kitty litter positioned therein, said tray having a lip extending upwardly therefrom wherein said lip is configured to inhibit the kitty litter from spilling outwardly from said box, said tray having a basal wall, said lip extending upwardly from said basal wall, said lip being coextensive with a perimeter of said basal wall, said lip having a forward side, a rear side and a pair of lateral sides, each of said lateral sides sloping upwardly between said forward side of said lip and said rear side of said lip such that said rear side of said lip has a height being greater than a height of said forward side of said lip, said forward side of said lip being aligned with said bottom bounding edge of said entry way in said box when said tray is positioned in said box wherein said forward side of said lip is configured to not inhibit the feline from entering said tray when the feline passes through said entry way, said basal wall resting on said bottom wall of said box when said tray is positioned in said box; a lid being positionable on said box for covering said box, said lid having a pair of vents each extending therethrough wherein each of said vents is configured to pass air therethrough for venting said box, said lid having a topmost wall and a peripheral wall extending downwardly from said topmost wall, each of said vents extending through said topmost wall, said vents being spaced apart from each other, said topmost wall resting on said distal edge of said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box, said peripheral wall extending downwardly along said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for inhibiting said lid from sliding off of said box, said peripheral wall having an inwardly facing surface, said inwardly facing surface having a groove extending therein, said groove being coextensive with said peripheral wall, said groove engaging said prominence on said perimeter wall of said box when said lid is positioned on said box for releasably retaining said lid on said box; a pair of filters, each of said filters being removably coupled to said lid, each of said filters being aligned with a respective one of said vents, each of said filters being comprising of an air permeable material wherein each of said filters is configured to pass air therethrough, each of said filters being comprised of an odor absorbing media wherein each of said filters is configured to absorb odors associated with the feline defecation and urination; and a door being positionable in said entry way for closing said entry way, said door having an outer edge, said outer edge having a profile being coextensive with said bottom bounding edge and said upper bounding edge of said entry way. | 3,600 |
341,409 | 16,801,725 | 3,619 | Machine learning based method for generating personalized query suggestions is described. Different users may have different search intent even when they are inputting the same search query. The technical problem of personalizing search query suggestions produced by a machine learning model is addressed by extending the sequence to sequence machine learning model framework to be able to take into consideration additional, personalized features of the user, such as, e.g., profile industry, language, geographic location, etc. This methodology includes an offline model training framework as well as an online serving framework. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising causing presentation of the search results user interface on a display device of the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises prepending the personalization feature to each word embedding from the set of word embeddings. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises adding the personalization feature into the set of word embeddings. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising generating an expanded data set for training the sequence to sequence machine learning model by adding the personalization feature to the historical data associated with searches in the on-line communication network system. 6. The method of claim 5, comprising training the sequence to sequence machine learning model on the expanded data set. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the personalization feature is derived from a member characteristic obtained from a member profile that represents the user in the online communication network system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the member characteristic obtained from the member profile is an industry identification, a skill, or a professional title. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the personalization feature represents a language derived from an interface provided by a computer system of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
detecting a selection of a suggestion from the suggested queries presented on the display device of the user; and processing the selected suggestion to produce a further set of search results to be presented to the user. 11. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that when executed by the one or processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. 12. The system of claim 11, comprising causing presentation of the search results user interface on a display device of the user. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises prepending the personalization feature to each word embedding from the set of word embeddings. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises adding the personalization feature into the set of word embeddings. 15. The system of claim 11, comprising generating an expanded data set for training the sequence to sequence machine learning model by adding the personalization feature to the historical data associated with searches in the on-line communication network system. 16. The system of claim 15, comprising training the sequence to sequence machine learning model on the expanded data set. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the personalization feature is derived from a member characteristic obtained from a member profile that represents the user in the online communication network system. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the member characteristic obtained from the member profile is an industry identification, a skill, or a professional title. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the personalization feature represents a language derived from an interface provided by a computer system of the user. 20. A machine-readable non-transitory storage medium having instruction data executable by a machine to cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. | Machine learning based method for generating personalized query suggestions is described. Different users may have different search intent even when they are inputting the same search query. The technical problem of personalizing search query suggestions produced by a machine learning model is addressed by extending the sequence to sequence machine learning model framework to be able to take into consideration additional, personalized features of the user, such as, e.g., profile industry, language, geographic location, etc. This methodology includes an offline model training framework as well as an online serving framework.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising causing presentation of the search results user interface on a display device of the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises prepending the personalization feature to each word embedding from the set of word embeddings. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises adding the personalization feature into the set of word embeddings. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising generating an expanded data set for training the sequence to sequence machine learning model by adding the personalization feature to the historical data associated with searches in the on-line communication network system. 6. The method of claim 5, comprising training the sequence to sequence machine learning model on the expanded data set. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the personalization feature is derived from a member characteristic obtained from a member profile that represents the user in the online communication network system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the member characteristic obtained from the member profile is an industry identification, a skill, or a professional title. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the personalization feature represents a language derived from an interface provided by a computer system of the user. 10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
detecting a selection of a suggestion from the suggested queries presented on the display device of the user; and processing the selected suggestion to produce a further set of search results to be presented to the user. 11. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that when executed by the one or processors cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. 12. The system of claim 11, comprising causing presentation of the search results user interface on a display device of the user. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises prepending the personalization feature to each word embedding from the set of word embeddings. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the providing, as input to the sequence to sequence machine learning model, the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature, comprises adding the personalization feature into the set of word embeddings. 15. The system of claim 11, comprising generating an expanded data set for training the sequence to sequence machine learning model by adding the personalization feature to the historical data associated with searches in the on-line communication network system. 16. The system of claim 15, comprising training the sequence to sequence machine learning model on the expanded data set. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the personalization feature is derived from a member characteristic obtained from a member profile that represents the user in the online communication network system. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the member characteristic obtained from the member profile is an industry identification, a skill, or a professional title. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the personalization feature represents a language derived from an interface provided by a computer system of the user. 20. A machine-readable non-transitory storage medium having instruction data executable by a machine to cause the machine to perform operations comprising:
training a sequence to sequence machine learning model using historical data associated with searches in an on-line communication network system; detecting a search request submitted by a user via a user interface provided by the on-line communication network system, the search request comprising a set of word embeddings; determining a personalization feature associated with the user; generating search results based on the search request; providing the set of word embeddings and the personalization feature to an encoder of the sequence to sequence machine learning model as input and, in parallel with the generating of the search results, generating a personalized search query suggestion for the user by executing the sequence to sequence machine learning model; including the search query suggestion, together with the search results generated based on the search request submitted by the user, into a search results user interface for presentation on a display device of the user. | 3,600 |
341,410 | 16,801,749 | 3,619 | An opening and closing device includes a door cover including a vent and an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent. The opening and closing member includes an air door and is movable between an open position at which the air door does not close the vent and a closed position at which the air door closes the vent. | 1. An opening and closing device comprising:
a door cover including a vent; and an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent. 2. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the air door includes:
a closing member configured to close over and open the vent; and an insertion member connected with the closing member and configured to be inserted into the vent and movably nested in the vent. 3. The opening and closing device according to claim 2, wherein the insertion member includes:
a first insert connected with the closing member and extending toward the door cover; and a second insert connected with the closing member and extending towards the door cover, the first insert and the second insert being spaced apart from each other in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the vent. 4. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein the first insert and the and second insert are inserted at two opposite sides in the vent in the perpendicular direction. 5. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; and a width of the first insert in a second perpendicular direction is equal to a width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction, the second perpendicular direction being perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent. 6. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; and the second insert includes:
a first portion connected with the closing member and extending towards the door cover, a width of the first portion in a second perpendicular direction is equal to a width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction, the second perpendicular direction being perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent; and
a second portion connected with the first portion and extending towards the door cover, a width of the second portion in the second perpendicular direction being less than the width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction. 7. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; the first insert has a flat plate shape; the second insert has a hollow tube shape extending in a second perpendicular direction perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent. 8. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the door cover further includes a guide opening, an extension direction of the guide opening being parallel to the extension direction of the vent; and the opening and closing member further includes a guide member configured to be inserted into the guide opening along the extension direction of the guide opening and movably nested in the guide opening. 9. The opening and closing device according to claim 8, wherein:
the vent and the guide opening provided at a front end of the door cover and are spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the vent; and a rear end of the door cover is open and has a wedge-shaped structure. 10. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing member further includes a limit member configured to abut against a front side of the door cover when the opening and closing member is located at the closed position. 11. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing member further includes a pull rod connected with the air door and extending away from the door cover, an end of the pull rod away from the door cover including a handle perpendicular to the pull rod. 12. An air duct assembly comprising:
an air duct casing, an air circulation duct and a fresh air duct being formed in the air duct casing, and the air duct casing including an air supply outlet in communication with an air return inlet of the air circulation duct; a fan wheel provided in the air circulation duct; and an opening and closing device mounted at the air duct casing and configured to open and close the fresh air duct, the opening and closing device including:
a door cover including a vent; and
an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent. 13. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein a bottom surface of the air supply outlet includes a first step surface, a second step surface, and a connection surface connecting the first step surface and the second step surface, the first step surface and the second step surface being not on a same plane, and an outlet of the fresh air duct being provided at the first step surface. 14. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein the door cover is nested in the fresh air duct. 15. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein:
the air duct casing includes:
a rear air duct including a fresh air inlet and the air circulation duct; and
a front air duct provided at a front side of the rear air duct and including a fresh air outlet opposite to the fresh air outlet in a front and rear direction, the fresh air duct including the fresh air inlet and the fresh air outlet; and
at least a part of the opening and closing device is provided in the fresh air inlet to open and close the fresh air inlet. 16. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the opening and closing device is configured to be mounted into the fresh air inlet from a front side of the fresh air inlet. 17. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the door cover is nested in the fresh air inlet, and the opening and closing member is mounted to the door cover from front to rear. 18. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the opening and closing member in the open position abuts against a rear side of the front air duct. 19. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
an air outlet frame connected with the air duct casing and opposite to the air supply outlet; wherein the opening and closing device includes a pull rod extending to be adjacent to the air outlet frame but not extending out of the air outlet frame, the pull rod including a handle perpendicular to the pull rod at an end of the pull rod proximal to the air outlet frame. 20. An air conditioner comprising:
an air duct assembly including:
an air duct casing, an air circulation duct and a fresh air duct being formed in the air duct casing, and the air duct casing including an air supply outlet in communication with an air return inlet of the air circulation duct;
a fan wheel provided in the air circulation duct; and
an opening and closing device mounted at the air duct casing and configured to open and close the fresh air duct, the opening and closing device including:
a door cover including a vent; and
an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent; and
a heat exchanger provided in the air circulation duct. | An opening and closing device includes a door cover including a vent and an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent. The opening and closing member includes an air door and is movable between an open position at which the air door does not close the vent and a closed position at which the air door closes the vent.1. An opening and closing device comprising:
a door cover including a vent; and an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent. 2. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the air door includes:
a closing member configured to close over and open the vent; and an insertion member connected with the closing member and configured to be inserted into the vent and movably nested in the vent. 3. The opening and closing device according to claim 2, wherein the insertion member includes:
a first insert connected with the closing member and extending toward the door cover; and a second insert connected with the closing member and extending towards the door cover, the first insert and the second insert being spaced apart from each other in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the vent. 4. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein the first insert and the and second insert are inserted at two opposite sides in the vent in the perpendicular direction. 5. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; and a width of the first insert in a second perpendicular direction is equal to a width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction, the second perpendicular direction being perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent. 6. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; and the second insert includes:
a first portion connected with the closing member and extending towards the door cover, a width of the first portion in a second perpendicular direction is equal to a width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction, the second perpendicular direction being perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent; and
a second portion connected with the first portion and extending towards the door cover, a width of the second portion in the second perpendicular direction being less than the width of the vent in the second perpendicular direction. 7. The opening and closing device according to claim 3, wherein:
the perpendicular direction is a first perpendicular direction; the first insert has a flat plate shape; the second insert has a hollow tube shape extending in a second perpendicular direction perpendicular to the first perpendicular direction and the extension direction of the vent. 8. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the door cover further includes a guide opening, an extension direction of the guide opening being parallel to the extension direction of the vent; and the opening and closing member further includes a guide member configured to be inserted into the guide opening along the extension direction of the guide opening and movably nested in the guide opening. 9. The opening and closing device according to claim 8, wherein:
the vent and the guide opening provided at a front end of the door cover and are spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the vent; and a rear end of the door cover is open and has a wedge-shaped structure. 10. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing member further includes a limit member configured to abut against a front side of the door cover when the opening and closing member is located at the closed position. 11. The opening and closing device according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing member further includes a pull rod connected with the air door and extending away from the door cover, an end of the pull rod away from the door cover including a handle perpendicular to the pull rod. 12. An air duct assembly comprising:
an air duct casing, an air circulation duct and a fresh air duct being formed in the air duct casing, and the air duct casing including an air supply outlet in communication with an air return inlet of the air circulation duct; a fan wheel provided in the air circulation duct; and an opening and closing device mounted at the air duct casing and configured to open and close the fresh air duct, the opening and closing device including:
a door cover including a vent; and
an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent. 13. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein a bottom surface of the air supply outlet includes a first step surface, a second step surface, and a connection surface connecting the first step surface and the second step surface, the first step surface and the second step surface being not on a same plane, and an outlet of the fresh air duct being provided at the first step surface. 14. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein the door cover is nested in the fresh air duct. 15. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, wherein:
the air duct casing includes:
a rear air duct including a fresh air inlet and the air circulation duct; and
a front air duct provided at a front side of the rear air duct and including a fresh air outlet opposite to the fresh air outlet in a front and rear direction, the fresh air duct including the fresh air inlet and the fresh air outlet; and
at least a part of the opening and closing device is provided in the fresh air inlet to open and close the fresh air inlet. 16. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the opening and closing device is configured to be mounted into the fresh air inlet from a front side of the fresh air inlet. 17. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the door cover is nested in the fresh air inlet, and the opening and closing member is mounted to the door cover from front to rear. 18. The air duct assembly according to claim 15, wherein the opening and closing member in the open position abuts against a rear side of the front air duct. 19. The air duct assembly according to claim 12, further comprising:
an air outlet frame connected with the air duct casing and opposite to the air supply outlet; wherein the opening and closing device includes a pull rod extending to be adjacent to the air outlet frame but not extending out of the air outlet frame, the pull rod including a handle perpendicular to the pull rod at an end of the pull rod proximal to the air outlet frame. 20. An air conditioner comprising:
an air duct assembly including:
an air duct casing, an air circulation duct and a fresh air duct being formed in the air duct casing, and the air duct casing including an air supply outlet in communication with an air return inlet of the air circulation duct;
a fan wheel provided in the air circulation duct; and
an opening and closing device mounted at the air duct casing and configured to open and close the fresh air duct, the opening and closing device including:
a door cover including a vent; and
an opening and closing member configured to be inserted into the door cover through an opening of the vent along an extension direction of the vent, the opening and closing member including an air door and being movable between:
an open position at which the air door does not close the vent, and
a closed position at which the air door closes the vent; and
a heat exchanger provided in the air circulation duct. | 3,600 |
341,411 | 16,801,737 | 3,619 | A hypervisor identifies a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determines that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generates a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the devices; maps, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and causes the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a read access of the memory address by the guest OS. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying, by a processing device executing a hypervisor, a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determining that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generating a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the one or more devices; mapping, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and causing, by the processing device, the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a read access of the memory address by the guest OS. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the memory address by the guest OS. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, performing at least one of terminating execution of the VM, or sending a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, sending a second notification to a management console that indicates an unauthorized access of the memory address by the guest OS. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein read access of the memory address by the guest OS is detected without causing a VM exit. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a second memory address associated with a second device slot of the communication bus; determining that the second device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of the one or more devices; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and causing the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second memory address by the guest OS. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a second guest OS of a second VM; and causing the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the memory address by the second guest OS. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory, to execute a hypervisor to:
identify a plurality of memory addresses, wherein each memory address of the plurality of memory addresses is associated with a corresponding unassigned device slot of a communication bus;
detect that a portion of the memory addresses is associated with a range of contiguous memory space associated with a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM);
generate a memory page for the portion of the memory addresses, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the portion of the memory addresses is not associated with any of one or more devices;
map, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the range of contiguous memory space, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for the guest OS of the VM; and
cause the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a read access of the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, perform at least one of terminating execution of the VM, or sending a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, send a second notification to a management console that indicates an unauthorized access of the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein read access of the memory address by the guest OS is detected without causing a VM exit. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
identifying a second portion of the memory addresses associated with a second range of contiguous memory space; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second range of contiguous memory space, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and causing the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second portion of the memory addresses by the guest OS. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
detecting that the portion of the memory addresses is associated with a second range of contiguous memory space associated with a second guest OS of a second VM; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second range of contiguous memory space, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for the second guest OS of the second VM; and causing the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second range of contiguous memory space by the second guest OS. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to execute a hypervisor to:
identify a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determine that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generate a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the one or more devices; map, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and cause, by the processing device, the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a read access of the memory address by the guest OS. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the memory address by the guest OS. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, terminate execution of the VM. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, send a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a second memory address associated with a second device slot of the communication bus; determine that the second device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of the one or more devices; map, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and cause the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a second read access of the second memory address by the guest OS. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
map, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a second guest OS of a second VM; and cause the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM in view of a second read access of the memory address by the second guest OS. | A hypervisor identifies a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determines that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generates a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the devices; maps, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and causes the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a read access of the memory address by the guest OS.1. A method comprising:
identifying, by a processing device executing a hypervisor, a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determining that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generating a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the one or more devices; mapping, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and causing, by the processing device, the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a read access of the memory address by the guest OS. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the memory address by the guest OS. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, performing at least one of terminating execution of the VM, or sending a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, sending a second notification to a management console that indicates an unauthorized access of the memory address by the guest OS. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein read access of the memory address by the guest OS is detected without causing a VM exit. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a second memory address associated with a second device slot of the communication bus; determining that the second device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of the one or more devices; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and causing the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second memory address by the guest OS. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a second guest OS of a second VM; and causing the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the memory address by the second guest OS. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory, to execute a hypervisor to:
identify a plurality of memory addresses, wherein each memory address of the plurality of memory addresses is associated with a corresponding unassigned device slot of a communication bus;
detect that a portion of the memory addresses is associated with a range of contiguous memory space associated with a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM);
generate a memory page for the portion of the memory addresses, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the portion of the memory addresses is not associated with any of one or more devices;
map, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the range of contiguous memory space, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for the guest OS of the VM; and
cause the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a read access of the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, perform at least one of terminating execution of the VM, or sending a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, send a second notification to a management console that indicates an unauthorized access of the range of contiguous memory space by the guest OS. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein read access of the memory address by the guest OS is detected without causing a VM exit. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
identifying a second portion of the memory addresses associated with a second range of contiguous memory space; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second range of contiguous memory space, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and causing the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second portion of the memory addresses by the guest OS. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
detecting that the portion of the memory addresses is associated with a second range of contiguous memory space associated with a second guest OS of a second VM; mapping, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second range of contiguous memory space, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for the second guest OS of the second VM; and causing the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM responsive to detecting a second read access of the second range of contiguous memory space by the second guest OS. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when accessed by a processing device, cause the processing device to execute a hypervisor to:
identify a memory address associated with a device slot of a communication bus; determine that the device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of one or more devices; generate a memory page for the memory address, wherein the memory page comprises a value that indicates that the memory address is not associated with any of the one or more devices; map, in a page table, a page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a guest operating system (OS) of a virtual machine (VM); and cause, by the processing device, the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a read access of the memory address by the guest OS. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a notification from the guest OS, wherein the notification indicates a write access to the memory address by the guest OS. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, terminate execution of the VM. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to receiving the notification from the guest OS, send a response to the guest OS that indicates an error condition. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
identify a second memory address associated with a second device slot of the communication bus; determine that the second device slot of the communication bus is not associated with any of the one or more devices; map, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the second memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only; and cause the memory page to be provided to the guest OS of the VM in view of a second read access of the second memory address by the guest OS. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
map, in the page table, a second page table entry for the memory page to the memory address, wherein the second page table entry indicates that the memory page is read only for a second guest OS of a second VM; and cause the memory page to be provided to the second guest OS of the second VM in view of a second read access of the memory address by the second guest OS. | 3,600 |
341,412 | 16,801,743 | 3,619 | A control system for devices driven by or utilizing decompressing air is provided. The system includes a supply of compressed air connected to a compressed air-utilizing device. A source of heated fluid is provided and is connected to a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the heated fluid to the compressed air. The compressed air is heated in the heat exchanger sufficiently that upon decompression the temperature of the device is not lowered to the ambient dew point. The system is particularly applicable to devices utilizing compressed air for the spraying of liquid materials | 1. An apparatus for driving a device with compressed air comprising:
a compressed air source; a device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source via a compressed air supply line, the device including at least one compressed air exhaust port; at least one sensor in communication with the compressed air supply line, the at least one sensor located proximate to the exhaust port, the at least one sensor providing a sensor output; a heated fluid source for providing a heated fluid proximate the at least one device via a heated fluid supply line; a heat exchanger connected to the compressed air supply line and the, heated fluid supply line; an electronic controller, the electronic controller operable on the heat exchanger upon receipt of at least one output form the at least one sensor; a process fluid source; a process fluid supply line in communication with the process fluid source; at least one process fluid sensor in communication with the process fluid supply source, the at least one process fluid sensor located in the process fluid supply line, the at least one sensor providing a process fluid sensor output; and a process fluid temperature controller, the process fluid temperature controller receiving the process fluid sensor output, the process fluid temperature controller providing output to the electronic controller; wherein the device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source includes at least on outlet in fluid communication with the process fluid supply line, at least one compressed gas outlet driving at least one movable component of the device and at least one compressed gas nozzle. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the heat exchanger transfers heat energy from the heated fluid to the compressed air, thereby elevating the temperature of the air sufficiently that upon decompression and driving of the device the temperature of the air remains higher than an ambient dew point. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the process fluid dispensed from the compressed air driven device and the compressed air dispensed from the at least one compressed gas nozzle are within 10° C. of one another. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the process fluid dispensed from the compressed air driven device and the compressed air dispensed from the at least one compressed gas nozzle are within 1° C. of one another. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the compressed air driven device is a process fluid spray applicator, the spray applicator having a central atomizer outlet at least one compressed gas nozzle outlet peripheral to the central atomizer outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the air driven device further includes at least one exhaust gas outlet, wherein the exhaust gas, the atomized process fluid and the gas exiting the gas exhaust nozzle have each have a temperature value with 10° of one another. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a cover, the cover overlaying at least the exhaust gas outlet. 8. A system for the application of liquid materials to a substrate comprising:
a compressed air source; an coating application booth; a rotary device positioned in the application booth for atomizing and spraying a liquid material, wherein the rotary device is driven by decompressing air supplied from the compressed air source, the rotary device including at least one atmoziser and at least one shaping air generator; at least one sensor in communication with the compressed air supply line, the at least one sensor located proximate to the exhaust port, the at least one sensor providing a sensor output; a heated fluid source for providing a heated fluid proximate the at least one device via a heated fluid supply line; a heat exchanger for heating the compressed air prior to driving the rotary device by transferring heat thereto from fluid supplied by the heated fluid source; an electronic controller, the electronic controller operable on the heat exchanger upon receipt of at least one output form the at least one sensor; a process fluid source; a process fluid supply line in communication with the process fluid source; at least one process fluid sensor in communication with the process fluid supply source, the at least one process fluid sensor located in the process fluid supply line, the at least one sensor providing a process fluid sensor output; and a process fluid temperature controller, the process fluid temperature controller receiving the process fluid sensor output, the process fluid temperature controller providing output to the electronic controller; wherein the device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source includes at least on outlet in fluid communication with the process fluid supply line, at least one compressed gas outlet driving at least one movable component of the device and at least one compressed gas nozzle. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the liquid material supplied to the rotary device comprises a paint, and wherein the rotary device comprises a rotatable atomization disk driven by decompressing air, the rotary device being mounted in a painting bell. 10. A method of controlling coating composition quality in a liquid spraying apparatus comprising the steps of:
connecting a compressed air supply line with a device at which air is decompressed; connecting the compressed air supply line to a heat exchanger and passing compressed air therethrough; connecting a supply line carrying heated fluid to the heat exchanger such that the heated fluid can elevate the temperature of the compressed air in the heat exchanger; supplying the compressed air passed through the heat exchanger to the device. | A control system for devices driven by or utilizing decompressing air is provided. The system includes a supply of compressed air connected to a compressed air-utilizing device. A source of heated fluid is provided and is connected to a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the heated fluid to the compressed air. The compressed air is heated in the heat exchanger sufficiently that upon decompression the temperature of the device is not lowered to the ambient dew point. The system is particularly applicable to devices utilizing compressed air for the spraying of liquid materials1. An apparatus for driving a device with compressed air comprising:
a compressed air source; a device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source via a compressed air supply line, the device including at least one compressed air exhaust port; at least one sensor in communication with the compressed air supply line, the at least one sensor located proximate to the exhaust port, the at least one sensor providing a sensor output; a heated fluid source for providing a heated fluid proximate the at least one device via a heated fluid supply line; a heat exchanger connected to the compressed air supply line and the, heated fluid supply line; an electronic controller, the electronic controller operable on the heat exchanger upon receipt of at least one output form the at least one sensor; a process fluid source; a process fluid supply line in communication with the process fluid source; at least one process fluid sensor in communication with the process fluid supply source, the at least one process fluid sensor located in the process fluid supply line, the at least one sensor providing a process fluid sensor output; and a process fluid temperature controller, the process fluid temperature controller receiving the process fluid sensor output, the process fluid temperature controller providing output to the electronic controller; wherein the device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source includes at least on outlet in fluid communication with the process fluid supply line, at least one compressed gas outlet driving at least one movable component of the device and at least one compressed gas nozzle. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the heat exchanger transfers heat energy from the heated fluid to the compressed air, thereby elevating the temperature of the air sufficiently that upon decompression and driving of the device the temperature of the air remains higher than an ambient dew point. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the process fluid dispensed from the compressed air driven device and the compressed air dispensed from the at least one compressed gas nozzle are within 10° C. of one another. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the process fluid dispensed from the compressed air driven device and the compressed air dispensed from the at least one compressed gas nozzle are within 1° C. of one another. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the compressed air driven device is a process fluid spray applicator, the spray applicator having a central atomizer outlet at least one compressed gas nozzle outlet peripheral to the central atomizer outlet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the air driven device further includes at least one exhaust gas outlet, wherein the exhaust gas, the atomized process fluid and the gas exiting the gas exhaust nozzle have each have a temperature value with 10° of one another. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a cover, the cover overlaying at least the exhaust gas outlet. 8. A system for the application of liquid materials to a substrate comprising:
a compressed air source; an coating application booth; a rotary device positioned in the application booth for atomizing and spraying a liquid material, wherein the rotary device is driven by decompressing air supplied from the compressed air source, the rotary device including at least one atmoziser and at least one shaping air generator; at least one sensor in communication with the compressed air supply line, the at least one sensor located proximate to the exhaust port, the at least one sensor providing a sensor output; a heated fluid source for providing a heated fluid proximate the at least one device via a heated fluid supply line; a heat exchanger for heating the compressed air prior to driving the rotary device by transferring heat thereto from fluid supplied by the heated fluid source; an electronic controller, the electronic controller operable on the heat exchanger upon receipt of at least one output form the at least one sensor; a process fluid source; a process fluid supply line in communication with the process fluid source; at least one process fluid sensor in communication with the process fluid supply source, the at least one process fluid sensor located in the process fluid supply line, the at least one sensor providing a process fluid sensor output; and a process fluid temperature controller, the process fluid temperature controller receiving the process fluid sensor output, the process fluid temperature controller providing output to the electronic controller; wherein the device operable with air supplied from the compressed air source includes at least on outlet in fluid communication with the process fluid supply line, at least one compressed gas outlet driving at least one movable component of the device and at least one compressed gas nozzle. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the liquid material supplied to the rotary device comprises a paint, and wherein the rotary device comprises a rotatable atomization disk driven by decompressing air, the rotary device being mounted in a painting bell. 10. A method of controlling coating composition quality in a liquid spraying apparatus comprising the steps of:
connecting a compressed air supply line with a device at which air is decompressed; connecting the compressed air supply line to a heat exchanger and passing compressed air therethrough; connecting a supply line carrying heated fluid to the heat exchanger such that the heated fluid can elevate the temperature of the compressed air in the heat exchanger; supplying the compressed air passed through the heat exchanger to the device. | 3,600 |
341,413 | 16,801,754 | 3,619 | Described is a method for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the game of Blackjack between a banker and at least one player, wherein a banker shuffles at least one pack of standard type playing cards with fifty-two cards and wherein the players place a bet on a game table in a space allocated for the bets relative to an expected score made by the banker. The banker draws two cards for him/herself, the banker stops or draws other cards for him/herself following the rules of Blackjack and, adding up the values of the relative cards obtains a score and, depending on the score made by the banker, each player loses any bet or wins the bet, thereby obtaining corresponding winnings. | 1. A method for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the Blackjack game between a banker and at least one player, wherein:
a banker shuffles at least one pack of standard type playing cards of fifty-two cards; the players place a bet on a game table in a space allocated for the bets relative to an expected score made by the banker; the banker draws two cards for him/herself; the banker stops or draws other cards for him/herself following the rules of Blackjack and adding up the values of the relative cards obtains a score; depending on the score made by the banker, each player loses any bet or wins the bet, thereby obtaining corresponding winnings. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the supposed score on which to place the bet can be selected between eleven values comprising ten values of between “17” and “26” and a score of Blackjack. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the supposed score on which to place the bet can be selected between values of between “22” and “26”. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein for each supposed score there is a range of winnings between a minimum value and a maximum value. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “17” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 3:1 and a maximum of 6:1. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “18” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 4:1 and a maximum of 7:1. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “19” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 4:1 and a maximum of 7:1. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “20” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 2:1 and a maximum of 5:1. 9. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “21” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 9:1 and a maximum of 13:1. 10. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “Blackjack” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 16:1 and a maximum of 20:1. 11. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “22” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 10:1 and a maximum of 13:1. 12. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “23” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 11:1 and a maximum of 14:1. 13. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “24” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 13:1 and a maximum of 16.1. 14. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “25” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 15:1 and a maximum of 18:1. 15. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “26” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 18:1 and a maximum of 22:1. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the players place a bet on a game table following the rules of the normal game of Blackjack; the bank draws two cards for each player; each player makes decisions according to the rules of Blackjack until the players have lost the right to obtain more cards, said rules providing for the possibility of sticking, requesting another card or following other variations on the game of Blackjack; the values of the two cards and of all the additional cards of the players are added together following the rules of Blackjack; the values of the cards of each player and of the bank are compared with each other following the rules of Blackjack, deciding the winning or losing of the player relative to the bet placed. 17. A game table for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the game of Blackjack between a banker and at least one player, defining a supporting surface equipped with a space in which at least one player can place a bet relative to an expected score made by the banker. 18. The table according to claim 17, wherein said space comprises eleven portions each defining a score on which to place the bet, said portions comprising ten portions having values of between “17” and “26” and a portion relative to the score of Blackjack. 19. The table according to claim 17, wherein said supporting surface also comprises a further area in which each player can place a bet relative to the normal game of Blackjack. 20. The table according to claim 17, comprising a number of spaces equal to the number of players who can sit at the table. | Described is a method for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the game of Blackjack between a banker and at least one player, wherein a banker shuffles at least one pack of standard type playing cards with fifty-two cards and wherein the players place a bet on a game table in a space allocated for the bets relative to an expected score made by the banker. The banker draws two cards for him/herself, the banker stops or draws other cards for him/herself following the rules of Blackjack and, adding up the values of the relative cards obtains a score and, depending on the score made by the banker, each player loses any bet or wins the bet, thereby obtaining corresponding winnings.1. A method for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the Blackjack game between a banker and at least one player, wherein:
a banker shuffles at least one pack of standard type playing cards of fifty-two cards; the players place a bet on a game table in a space allocated for the bets relative to an expected score made by the banker; the banker draws two cards for him/herself; the banker stops or draws other cards for him/herself following the rules of Blackjack and adding up the values of the relative cards obtains a score; depending on the score made by the banker, each player loses any bet or wins the bet, thereby obtaining corresponding winnings. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the supposed score on which to place the bet can be selected between eleven values comprising ten values of between “17” and “26” and a score of Blackjack. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the supposed score on which to place the bet can be selected between values of between “22” and “26”. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein for each supposed score there is a range of winnings between a minimum value and a maximum value. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “17” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 3:1 and a maximum of 6:1. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “18” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 4:1 and a maximum of 7:1. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “19” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 4:1 and a maximum of 7:1. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “20” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 2:1 and a maximum of 5:1. 9. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “21” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 9:1 and a maximum of 13:1. 10. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “Blackjack” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 16:1 and a maximum of 20:1. 11. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “22” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 10:1 and a maximum of 13:1. 12. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “23” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 11:1 and a maximum of 14:1. 13. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “24” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 13:1 and a maximum of 16.1. 14. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “25” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 15:1 and a maximum of 18:1. 15. The method according to claim 4, wherein if the bet relates to a supposed score of “26” it is possible to obtain a winnings of between a minimum of 18:1 and a maximum of 22:1. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the players place a bet on a game table following the rules of the normal game of Blackjack; the bank draws two cards for each player; each player makes decisions according to the rules of Blackjack until the players have lost the right to obtain more cards, said rules providing for the possibility of sticking, requesting another card or following other variations on the game of Blackjack; the values of the two cards and of all the additional cards of the players are added together following the rules of Blackjack; the values of the cards of each player and of the bank are compared with each other following the rules of Blackjack, deciding the winning or losing of the player relative to the bet placed. 17. A game table for playing a card game, in particular a modified version of the game of Blackjack between a banker and at least one player, defining a supporting surface equipped with a space in which at least one player can place a bet relative to an expected score made by the banker. 18. The table according to claim 17, wherein said space comprises eleven portions each defining a score on which to place the bet, said portions comprising ten portions having values of between “17” and “26” and a portion relative to the score of Blackjack. 19. The table according to claim 17, wherein said supporting surface also comprises a further area in which each player can place a bet relative to the normal game of Blackjack. 20. The table according to claim 17, comprising a number of spaces equal to the number of players who can sit at the table. | 3,600 |
341,414 | 16,801,739 | 3,619 | A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher in the form of a heterocyclic amine compound having a tertiary ester structure offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR or improved CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone. | 1. A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher, the quencher containing at least one compound selected from compounds having the formula (A-1) and compounds having the formula (A-2): 2. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising an acid generator capable of generating a sulfonic acid, imide acid or methide acid. 3. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising an organic solvent. 4. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer comprises recurring units having the formula (a1) or recurring units having the formula (a2): 5. The resist composition of claim 4 which is a chemically amplified positive resist composition. 6. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer is free of an acid labile group. 7. The resist composition of claim 6 which is a chemically amplified negative resist composition. 8. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant. 9. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer further comprises recurring units of at least one type selected from recurring units having the formulae (f1) to (f3): 10. A process for forming a pattern comprising the steps of applying the resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film on a substrate, exposing the resist film to high-energy radiation, and developing the exposed resist film in a developer. 11. The process of claim 10 wherein the high-energy radiation is i-line of wavelength 365 nm, ArF excimer laser radiation of wavelength 193 nm or KrF excimer laser radiation of wavelength 248 nm. 12. The process of claim 10 wherein the high-energy radiation is EB or EUV of wavelength 3 to 15 nm. | A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher in the form of a heterocyclic amine compound having a tertiary ester structure offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR or improved CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.1. A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a quencher, the quencher containing at least one compound selected from compounds having the formula (A-1) and compounds having the formula (A-2): 2. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising an acid generator capable of generating a sulfonic acid, imide acid or methide acid. 3. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising an organic solvent. 4. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer comprises recurring units having the formula (a1) or recurring units having the formula (a2): 5. The resist composition of claim 4 which is a chemically amplified positive resist composition. 6. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer is free of an acid labile group. 7. The resist composition of claim 6 which is a chemically amplified negative resist composition. 8. The resist composition of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant. 9. The resist composition of claim 1 wherein the base polymer further comprises recurring units of at least one type selected from recurring units having the formulae (f1) to (f3): 10. A process for forming a pattern comprising the steps of applying the resist composition of claim 1 to form a resist film on a substrate, exposing the resist film to high-energy radiation, and developing the exposed resist film in a developer. 11. The process of claim 10 wherein the high-energy radiation is i-line of wavelength 365 nm, ArF excimer laser radiation of wavelength 193 nm or KrF excimer laser radiation of wavelength 248 nm. 12. The process of claim 10 wherein the high-energy radiation is EB or EUV of wavelength 3 to 15 nm. | 3,600 |
341,415 | 16,801,730 | 3,619 | The present invention relates to a device for ascertaining the temperature TW of a winding of an induction machine designed with a stator and a rotor, comprising at least a first Kalman filter (K1) to calculate the temperature and a rotary field control for the vector control of the induction machine with at least one id-current controller, which is designed to impose a high-frequency voltage signal (HF) on the winding voltage in order to obtain from this a winding current with a superimposed high-frequency current component for the winding, which is taken to the Kalman filter (K1), the Kalman filter (K1) having a high-frequency model of the motor in order to determine from this the high-frequency resistance of the winding and in turn the winding temperature TW by means of a calculation function. | 1. A device for ascertaining the temperature TW of a winding of an induction machine designed with a stator and a rotor, comprising at least a first Kalman filter (K1) to calculate the temperature and a rotary field control for the vector control of the induction machine with at least one id-current controller, which is designed to impose a high-frequency volt-age signal (HF) on the winding voltage in order to obtain from this a winding current with a superimposed high-frequency current component for the winding, which is taken to the Kalman filter (K1), the Kalman filter (K1) having a high-frequency model of the motor in order to determine from this the high-frequency resistance of the winding and in turn the winding temperature TW by means of a calculation function. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first Kalman filter (K1) is a nonlinear Kalman filter. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first Kalman filter (K1) is designed to evaluate the specific spectral components in the current signal. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the winding wire of the winding comprises a thin iron coating or a coating with a high iron content. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a second Kalman filter (K2) is provided, which is designed with a motor model to estimate or determine the position of a rotor of the induction machine. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the second Kalman filter (K2) is adapted to estimate or determine the rotational speed of the rotor of the induction machine. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the high-frequency model in the first Kalman filter (K1) is modeled in the rotor-fixed system of coordinates. 8. An induction machine designed with a device according to claim 1. 9. A method for determining the winding temperature of a winding of an induction machine according to claim 8 having the following steps:
a) generating a phase voltage with a superimposed high-frequency voltage component on at least one winding of the induction machine;
b) taking the phase voltage to at least the input of the first Kalman filter (K1) and determining the difference between the actual phase cur-rent and the target phase current in the winding based on the model stored in the Kalman filter (K1);
c) estimating or determining the high-frequency resistance; and
d) determining the winding temperature from the high-frequency re-sistance. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second Kalman filter (K2) estimates or determines the rotor position of the rotor and the rotational speed of the induction machine from the difference between the actual phase current and the target phase current in the winding based on the model stored in the second Kalman filter (K2). 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the determination of the winding temperature in step d) is done by changing the resistance based on the temperature coefficient of the winding wire of the winding. | The present invention relates to a device for ascertaining the temperature TW of a winding of an induction machine designed with a stator and a rotor, comprising at least a first Kalman filter (K1) to calculate the temperature and a rotary field control for the vector control of the induction machine with at least one id-current controller, which is designed to impose a high-frequency voltage signal (HF) on the winding voltage in order to obtain from this a winding current with a superimposed high-frequency current component for the winding, which is taken to the Kalman filter (K1), the Kalman filter (K1) having a high-frequency model of the motor in order to determine from this the high-frequency resistance of the winding and in turn the winding temperature TW by means of a calculation function.1. A device for ascertaining the temperature TW of a winding of an induction machine designed with a stator and a rotor, comprising at least a first Kalman filter (K1) to calculate the temperature and a rotary field control for the vector control of the induction machine with at least one id-current controller, which is designed to impose a high-frequency volt-age signal (HF) on the winding voltage in order to obtain from this a winding current with a superimposed high-frequency current component for the winding, which is taken to the Kalman filter (K1), the Kalman filter (K1) having a high-frequency model of the motor in order to determine from this the high-frequency resistance of the winding and in turn the winding temperature TW by means of a calculation function. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first Kalman filter (K1) is a nonlinear Kalman filter. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first Kalman filter (K1) is designed to evaluate the specific spectral components in the current signal. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the winding wire of the winding comprises a thin iron coating or a coating with a high iron content. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein a second Kalman filter (K2) is provided, which is designed with a motor model to estimate or determine the position of a rotor of the induction machine. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the second Kalman filter (K2) is adapted to estimate or determine the rotational speed of the rotor of the induction machine. 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the high-frequency model in the first Kalman filter (K1) is modeled in the rotor-fixed system of coordinates. 8. An induction machine designed with a device according to claim 1. 9. A method for determining the winding temperature of a winding of an induction machine according to claim 8 having the following steps:
a) generating a phase voltage with a superimposed high-frequency voltage component on at least one winding of the induction machine;
b) taking the phase voltage to at least the input of the first Kalman filter (K1) and determining the difference between the actual phase cur-rent and the target phase current in the winding based on the model stored in the Kalman filter (K1);
c) estimating or determining the high-frequency resistance; and
d) determining the winding temperature from the high-frequency re-sistance. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second Kalman filter (K2) estimates or determines the rotor position of the rotor and the rotational speed of the induction machine from the difference between the actual phase current and the target phase current in the winding based on the model stored in the second Kalman filter (K2). 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the determination of the winding temperature in step d) is done by changing the resistance based on the temperature coefficient of the winding wire of the winding. | 3,600 |
341,416 | 16,801,745 | 3,619 | Exemplary medical devices may include a snare device. The snare device may include a first leg having a proximalmost end and a second leg having a proximalmost end. The first leg and the second leg may form a distal loop. The proximalmost end of first leg may be independently moveable relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg. | 1. A medical device, comprising:
a first leg having a proximalmost end; and a second leg having a proximalmost end, wherein the first leg and the second leg form a distal loop, and wherein the proximalmost end of first leg is independently moveable relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of a surface of at least one of the first leg and the second leg includes a plurality of teeth, the surface facing an interior of the distal loop. 3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first leg and the second leg include a plurality of segments, wherein a flexibility of at least one of the plurality of segments is different than a flexibility of an adjacent segment. 4. The medical device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of segments consist of only one wire. 5. The medical device of claim 3, wherein a first segment of the plurality of segments includes a first wire, and a second segment of the plurality of segments includes a second wire. 6. The medical device of claim 3, wherein a cross-sectional thickness of a first segment of the plurality of segments is different than a cross-sectional thickness of a second segment of the plurality of segments. 7. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising at least one actuation mechanism configured to move at least one of the proximalmost end of the first leg and the proximalmost end of the second leg. 8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the at least one actuation mechanism includes one of a knob, a lever, a screw, and a rotation wheel. 9. A medical device, comprising:
a first leg having a proximal end; a second leg having a proximal end, wherein the first leg and the second leg form a distal loop; a rotatable handle portion coupled to the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg; and a stationary handle portion, wherein the rotatable handle portion is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the stationary handle portion. 10. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to move at least one of the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg. 11. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion includes a pulley, and the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg are connected to form a continuous proximal loop around the pulley. 12. The medical device of claim 11, further comprising a motor configured to rotate the pulley. 13. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion includes a rotation wheel, and the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg are fixedly attached to the rotation wheel. 14. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to move the distal loop in one or both of a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction. 15. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to alternate between clockwise movement and counterclockwise movement of the distal loop. 16. A method for resecting tissue, comprising:
inserting a snare into a body, wherein the snare includes a first leg with a proximalmost end and a second leg with a proximalmost end, wherein the first leg and the second leg cooperatively form a distal loop; grasping tissue with the distal loop; moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in a first direction; and thereafter moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in a second direction, opposite the first direction. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of a surface of at least one of the first leg and the second leg includes a plurality of teeth, the surface facing an interior of the distal loop. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plurality of teeth resect the tissue. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising repeating the steps of moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in the first direction, and thereafter moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in the second direction. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
after the repeating the steps, pulling the distal loop proximally. | Exemplary medical devices may include a snare device. The snare device may include a first leg having a proximalmost end and a second leg having a proximalmost end. The first leg and the second leg may form a distal loop. The proximalmost end of first leg may be independently moveable relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg.1. A medical device, comprising:
a first leg having a proximalmost end; and a second leg having a proximalmost end, wherein the first leg and the second leg form a distal loop, and wherein the proximalmost end of first leg is independently moveable relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg. 2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of a surface of at least one of the first leg and the second leg includes a plurality of teeth, the surface facing an interior of the distal loop. 3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the first leg and the second leg include a plurality of segments, wherein a flexibility of at least one of the plurality of segments is different than a flexibility of an adjacent segment. 4. The medical device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of segments consist of only one wire. 5. The medical device of claim 3, wherein a first segment of the plurality of segments includes a first wire, and a second segment of the plurality of segments includes a second wire. 6. The medical device of claim 3, wherein a cross-sectional thickness of a first segment of the plurality of segments is different than a cross-sectional thickness of a second segment of the plurality of segments. 7. The medical device of claim 1, further comprising at least one actuation mechanism configured to move at least one of the proximalmost end of the first leg and the proximalmost end of the second leg. 8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the at least one actuation mechanism includes one of a knob, a lever, a screw, and a rotation wheel. 9. A medical device, comprising:
a first leg having a proximal end; a second leg having a proximal end, wherein the first leg and the second leg form a distal loop; a rotatable handle portion coupled to the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg; and a stationary handle portion, wherein the rotatable handle portion is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the stationary handle portion. 10. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to move at least one of the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg. 11. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion includes a pulley, and the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg are connected to form a continuous proximal loop around the pulley. 12. The medical device of claim 11, further comprising a motor configured to rotate the pulley. 13. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion includes a rotation wheel, and the proximal end of the first leg and the proximal end of the second leg are fixedly attached to the rotation wheel. 14. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to move the distal loop in one or both of a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction. 15. The medical device of claim 9, wherein the rotatable handle portion is configured to alternate between clockwise movement and counterclockwise movement of the distal loop. 16. A method for resecting tissue, comprising:
inserting a snare into a body, wherein the snare includes a first leg with a proximalmost end and a second leg with a proximalmost end, wherein the first leg and the second leg cooperatively form a distal loop; grasping tissue with the distal loop; moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in a first direction; and thereafter moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in a second direction, opposite the first direction. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of a surface of at least one of the first leg and the second leg includes a plurality of teeth, the surface facing an interior of the distal loop. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plurality of teeth resect the tissue. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising repeating the steps of moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in the first direction, and thereafter moving the proximalmost end of the first leg relative to the proximalmost end of the second leg in the second direction. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
after the repeating the steps, pulling the distal loop proximally. | 3,600 |
341,417 | 16,801,712 | 3,619 | The present invention relates to development of high performing oil soluble and water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition for mitigating internal corrosion of crude oil pipelines during storage and transportation of crude oils. The developed composition consists of acid-amine complex as corrosion inhibiting agent, mixture of organic acids as dispersing agent and ester derivative of alkylated phenol for better film formation. The present invention further relates to a process of preparation of the oil soluble and water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition and subsequently a process for protecting the corrosion of internal metal surface of crude oil transportation pipelines using the corrosion inhibitor composition. | 1. An oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition, comprising:
(a) a dimer fatty acid (DFA); (b) a long chain alkyl amine; (c) an ester derivative of alkylated phenol; (d) an organic acid or a mixture of acids; and (e) a solvent. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is present in an amount ranging from 40 to 80% by weight. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long chain alkyl amine is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 10% by weight. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ester derivative of alkylated phenol is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 7% by weight. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid or mixture of acids is present in an amount ranging from 5 to 10% by weight. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40% by weight. 7 The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is having alkyl chain of carbon atoms ranging from 30 to 50. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long chain alkyl amine is having carbon atoms ranging from 12 to 18. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fatty acid is having carbon atoms ranging from 2 to 18. 10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, fatty acids or combinations thereof. 11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of xylene, toluene, alkylated benzene, isopropanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, butanol, pentanol, pre-fractionator rerun column bottom, or combinations thereof. 12. A process for preparation of an oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition, the process comprising:
(a) dissolving a dimer fatty acid in a solvent to obtain a mixture (i); (b) adding an alkyl amine drop wise to the mixture (i) obtained in step (a) to obtain a mixture (ii) and stirring the mixture (ii) at a temperature ranging from 40° C-60° C.; (c) adding ester derivative of alkylated phenol to the mixture obtained in step (b) to obtain a mixture (iii); (d) adding an organic acid or a mixture of acids to the mixture (iii) obtained in step (c) to obtain a mixture (iv); and (e) stirring the mixture (iv) obtained in step (d) at room temperature to obtain the corrosion inhibitor composition. 13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is having alkyl chain of carbon atoms ranging from 30 to 50. 14. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the solvent is an aromatic solvent or an aliphatic solvent or a petroleum solvent, selected from the group consisting of xylene, toluene, alkylated benzene, isopropanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, butanol, pentanol, pre-fractionator rerun column bottom, or combinations thereof. 15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the alkyl amine is a long chain alkyl amine having carbon atoms ranging from 10 to 18. 16. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, fatty acids or combinations thereof. 17. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the stirring in step (b) is performed for a period ranging from 1 to 2 hours and stirring in step (e) is performed for a period ranging from 0.5 to 1 hour. 18. A process for mitigating internal corrosion of crude oil transportation pipeline, the process comprising adding the oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor of claim 1 to the crude oil to be stored or transported. | The present invention relates to development of high performing oil soluble and water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition for mitigating internal corrosion of crude oil pipelines during storage and transportation of crude oils. The developed composition consists of acid-amine complex as corrosion inhibiting agent, mixture of organic acids as dispersing agent and ester derivative of alkylated phenol for better film formation. The present invention further relates to a process of preparation of the oil soluble and water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition and subsequently a process for protecting the corrosion of internal metal surface of crude oil transportation pipelines using the corrosion inhibitor composition.1. An oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition, comprising:
(a) a dimer fatty acid (DFA); (b) a long chain alkyl amine; (c) an ester derivative of alkylated phenol; (d) an organic acid or a mixture of acids; and (e) a solvent. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is present in an amount ranging from 40 to 80% by weight. 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long chain alkyl amine is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 10% by weight. 4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ester derivative of alkylated phenol is present in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 7% by weight. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid or mixture of acids is present in an amount ranging from 5 to 10% by weight. 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is present in an amount ranging from 10 to 40% by weight. 7 The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is having alkyl chain of carbon atoms ranging from 30 to 50. 8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long chain alkyl amine is having carbon atoms ranging from 12 to 18. 9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fatty acid is having carbon atoms ranging from 2 to 18. 10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, fatty acids or combinations thereof. 11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of xylene, toluene, alkylated benzene, isopropanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, butanol, pentanol, pre-fractionator rerun column bottom, or combinations thereof. 12. A process for preparation of an oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor composition, the process comprising:
(a) dissolving a dimer fatty acid in a solvent to obtain a mixture (i); (b) adding an alkyl amine drop wise to the mixture (i) obtained in step (a) to obtain a mixture (ii) and stirring the mixture (ii) at a temperature ranging from 40° C-60° C.; (c) adding ester derivative of alkylated phenol to the mixture obtained in step (b) to obtain a mixture (iii); (d) adding an organic acid or a mixture of acids to the mixture (iii) obtained in step (c) to obtain a mixture (iv); and (e) stirring the mixture (iv) obtained in step (d) at room temperature to obtain the corrosion inhibitor composition. 13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the dimer fatty acid (DFA) is having alkyl chain of carbon atoms ranging from 30 to 50. 14. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the solvent is an aromatic solvent or an aliphatic solvent or a petroleum solvent, selected from the group consisting of xylene, toluene, alkylated benzene, isopropanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, butanol, pentanol, pre-fractionator rerun column bottom, or combinations thereof. 15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the alkyl amine is a long chain alkyl amine having carbon atoms ranging from 10 to 18. 16. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, fatty acids or combinations thereof. 17. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the stirring in step (b) is performed for a period ranging from 1 to 2 hours and stirring in step (e) is performed for a period ranging from 0.5 to 1 hour. 18. A process for mitigating internal corrosion of crude oil transportation pipeline, the process comprising adding the oil soluble water dispersible corrosion inhibitor of claim 1 to the crude oil to be stored or transported. | 3,600 |
341,418 | 16,801,672 | 3,619 | A configuration for configuring and updating the spatial relationship of multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a single message, thereby reducing signaling overhead. A user equipment (UE) constructs a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. The UE transmits the message to a base station. The base station transmits a message to the UE configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or a plurality of uplink/downlink resources. | 1. A method of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and transmitting the message to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 10. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and
transmit the message to a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 15. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 19. A method of wireless communication of a base station, comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the message to a User Equipment (UE). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the message includes information indicating a plurality of resource groups associated with the plurality of BWPs or the plurality of CCs, and includes configuration information of the spatial parameters that applies for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of resource groups is based on at least one of a resource identifier (ID), a resource set ID, a CC ID, or a BWP ID or a combination thereof. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; constructing a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the single update message to the UE. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 26. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and
transmit the message to a User Equipment (UE). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; construct a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of a plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmit the single update message to the UE. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). | A configuration for configuring and updating the spatial relationship of multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a single message, thereby reducing signaling overhead. A user equipment (UE) constructs a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. The UE transmits the message to a base station. The base station transmits a message to the UE configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or a plurality of uplink/downlink resources.1. A method of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and transmitting the message to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 10. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and
transmit the message to a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 15. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 19. A method of wireless communication of a base station, comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the message to a User Equipment (UE). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the message includes information indicating a plurality of resource groups associated with the plurality of BWPs or the plurality of CCs, and includes configuration information of the spatial parameters that applies for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of resource groups is based on at least one of a resource identifier (ID), a resource set ID, a CC ID, or a BWP ID or a combination thereof. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; constructing a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the single update message to the UE. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 26. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and
transmit the message to a User Equipment (UE). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; construct a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of a plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmit the single update message to the UE. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). | 3,600 |
341,419 | 16,801,728 | 3,619 | A configuration for configuring and updating the spatial relationship of multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a single message, thereby reducing signaling overhead. A user equipment (UE) constructs a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. The UE transmits the message to a base station. The base station transmits a message to the UE configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or a plurality of uplink/downlink resources. | 1. A method of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and transmitting the message to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 10. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and
transmit the message to a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 15. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 19. A method of wireless communication of a base station, comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the message to a User Equipment (UE). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the message includes information indicating a plurality of resource groups associated with the plurality of BWPs or the plurality of CCs, and includes configuration information of the spatial parameters that applies for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of resource groups is based on at least one of a resource identifier (ID), a resource set ID, a CC ID, or a BWP ID or a combination thereof. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; constructing a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the single update message to the UE. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 26. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and
transmit the message to a User Equipment (UE). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; construct a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of a plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmit the single update message to the UE. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). | A configuration for configuring and updating the spatial relationship of multiple physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources in a single message, thereby reducing signaling overhead. A user equipment (UE) constructs a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. The UE transmits the message to a base station. The base station transmits a message to the UE configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or a plurality of uplink/downlink resources.1. A method of wireless communication of a user equipment (UE), comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and transmitting the message to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 10. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs) or a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; and
transmit the message to a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of the spatial relation in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the update is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 15. The apparatus of claim 10, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the base station, an update of at least one of transmission configuration indication (TCI) states or a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption in association with the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs, the update being based on the transmitted message. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the update is associated with one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is associated with one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) on which the same spatial relation applies for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is one of a beam report or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE). 19. A method of wireless communication of a base station, comprising:
constructing a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the message to a User Equipment (UE). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the message includes information indicating a plurality of resource groups associated with the plurality of BWPs or the plurality of CCs, and includes configuration information of the spatial parameters that applies for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of resource groups is based on at least one of a resource identifier (ID), a resource set ID, a CC ID, or a BWP ID or a combination thereof. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; constructing a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of the plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmitting the single update message to the UE. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). 26. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
construct a message associated with at least one of a plurality of component carriers (CCs), a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs), or a plurality of uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) resources configuring multiple spatial parameters for the at least one of the plurality of CCs, the plurality of BWPs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and
transmit the message to a User Equipment (UE). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the at least one processor further configured to:
receive, from the UE, an initial message associated with at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs indicating a same spatial relation for the at least one of the plurality of CCs or the plurality of BWPs; construct a single update message, based on the message received from the UE, including re-configuration information of the spatial parameters for each of a plurality of resource groups associated with at least one of the plurality of BWPs, the plurality of CCs, or the plurality of UL/DL resources; and transmit the single update message to the UE. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message indicates a plurality of resources using a resource group identifier (ID). 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the group ID identifies a group of physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the single update message is received in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE). | 3,600 |
341,420 | 16,801,747 | 3,619 | A method for forming a semiconductor device is provided. In the disclosed method, a stack is formed on a working surface of a substrate. The stack has alternating first layers and second layers positioned over the substrate. A separation structure is formed in the stack that separates the stack into a first region and a second region, where the separation structure extends in a first direction of the substrate. The second layers in the second region are further replaced with insulating layers, and the first layers in the second region are doped with a dopant. | 1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a stack on a working surface of a substrate, the stack having alternating first layers and second layers positioned over the substrate; forming a separation structure in the stack that separates the stack into a first region and a second region, the separation structure extending in a first direction of the substrate; and replacing the second layers in the second region with insulating layers and doping the first layers in the second region with a dopant. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming the stack comprises:
forming the first layers and the second layers alternatingly through an epitaxy growth process over the substrate, the first layers being made of silicon, and the second layers being made of silicon germanium. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the doping the first layers in the second region comprises:
doping the first layers in the second region with a N-type dopant. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein replacing the second layers in the second region further comprises:
forming trenches along the first direction of the substrate in the second region to separate the second region into fin structures while the first region is protected, the fin structures including the alternating first layers and second layers, the trenches and the fin structures being arranged alternatingly along a second direction of the substrate that is perpendicular to the first direction of the substrate; forming first support structures extending in the second direction of the substrate, the first support structures being positioned at the trenches so that first portions of the fin structures are uncovered by the first support structures and second portions of the fin structures are covered by the first support structures; removing first portions of the second layers in the first portions of the fin structures; doping first portions of the first layers in the first portions of the fin structures with the dopant; replacing the first portions of the second layers in the first portions of the fin structures with the insulating layers; removing the first support structures; forming second support structures extending in the second direction of the substrate, the second support structures being positioned at the trenches so that the first portions of the fin structures are covered by the second support structures and the second portions of the fin structures are uncovered; removing second portions of the second layers in the second portions of the fin structures; doping second portions of the first layers in the second portions of the fin structures with the dopant; replacing the second portion of the second layers in the second portions of the fin structures with the insulating layers; and removing the second support structures so that the fin structures include the insulating layers and the doped first layers arranged alternatingly on the working surface of the substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
forming a 3D NAND device in one of the fin structures in the second region. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the 3D NAND device in the one of the fin structures in the second region further comprises:
performing an etching process to form staircase regions and an array region in the one of the fin structures, the array region being positioned between the staircase regions; forming an channel structure in the array region of the one of the fin structures, the channel structure passing through the one of the fin structures and extending along a third direction of the substrate that is perpendicular to the substrate; and forming wordline contacts in the staircase regions, the wordline contacts landing on the first layers of the one of the fin structures, and further extending along the third direction of the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein forming the channel structure further comprises:
forming a channel opening in the one of the fin structures, the channel opening passing through the one of the fin structures along the third direction of the substrate and further extending into the substrate, the channel opening having sidewalls and a bottom; forming a blocking layer along the sidewalls of the channel opening and over the bottom of the channel opening; forming a charge storage layer over the blocking layer in the channel opening; and forming a tunneling layer over the charge storage layer in the channel opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein forming the channel structure further comprises:
performing an etching process to remove a portion of the blocking layer, a portion of the charge storage layer, and a portion of the tunneling layer that are positioned over the bottom of the channel opening; forming a bottom channel contact at the bottom of the channel opening, the bottom channel contact further extending in the substrate; forming a channel layer in the channel opening, the channel layer being disposed over the tunneling layer and positioned along the sidewalls of the channel opening, the channel layer further being positioned on the bottom channel contact; and forming a top channel contact on the channel layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA-FETs) in the first region that are positioned over the substrate. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the forming the stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors in the first region further comprises:
forming a first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs over the substrate, the first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs including first GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the first GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and arranged along a top surface of the substrate; and forming a second layer of the stack of GAA-FETs over the first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs, the second layer of the stack of GAA-FETs having second GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the second GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and positioned along the top surface of the substrate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first GAA-FETs are N-type transand the second GAA-FETs are P-type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the channel regions of the first GAA-FETs and the channel regions of the second GAA-FETs are formed in the first layers. 13. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first region on a die having a stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA-FETs) positioned over a substrate, the stack of GAA-FETs being formed based on a first stack of alternating first layers and second layers, each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs including respective GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the respective GAA-FETs in each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and extending along a top surface of the substrate, the channel regions of the respective GAA-FETs in each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs being formed based on the first layers of the first stack; and a second region on the die positioned adjacent to the first region, the second region having an array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells that are formed in a second stack, the second stack including the first layers and insulating layers that are positioned alternatingly over the substrate, the first layers in the second stack functioning as wordlines of the array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells, wherein: the first stack and the second stack are formed from an epitaxial stack so that the first layers in the first stack align with the first layers in the second stack. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein the epitaxial stack comprises the first layers and the second layers that are disposed alternatingly on the substrate. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first layers are made of silicon and the second layers are made of SiGe. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the epitaxial stack is separated into the first stack and the second stack by a separation structure, the separation structure extending in a first direction of the substrate. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the second layers in the second stack are replaced with the insulating layers. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the first layers in the second stack are doped with a dopant. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells further comprises:
staircase regions and an array region that are formed in the second stack; channel structures formed in the array region, the channel structures extending along a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate and further passing through the first layers and the insulating layers in the array region; and wordline contacts formed in the staircase regions, the wordline contacts landing on the first layers in the staircase regions and further extending along the vertical direction. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 19, wherein one of the channel structures further comprises:
a bottom channel contact positioned at a bottom of the one of the channel structures, the bottom channel contact further extending in the substrate; a blocking layer positioned along sidewalls of the one of the channel structures, a bottom end of the blocking layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a charge storage layer positioned along sidewalls of the blocking layer, a bottom end of the charge storage layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a tunneling layer positioned along sidewalls of the charge storage layer, a bottom end of the tunneling layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a channel layer positioned along sidewalls of the tunneling layer, the channel layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; and a top channel contact disposed on the channel layer. | A method for forming a semiconductor device is provided. In the disclosed method, a stack is formed on a working surface of a substrate. The stack has alternating first layers and second layers positioned over the substrate. A separation structure is formed in the stack that separates the stack into a first region and a second region, where the separation structure extends in a first direction of the substrate. The second layers in the second region are further replaced with insulating layers, and the first layers in the second region are doped with a dopant.1. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a stack on a working surface of a substrate, the stack having alternating first layers and second layers positioned over the substrate; forming a separation structure in the stack that separates the stack into a first region and a second region, the separation structure extending in a first direction of the substrate; and replacing the second layers in the second region with insulating layers and doping the first layers in the second region with a dopant. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming the stack comprises:
forming the first layers and the second layers alternatingly through an epitaxy growth process over the substrate, the first layers being made of silicon, and the second layers being made of silicon germanium. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the doping the first layers in the second region comprises:
doping the first layers in the second region with a N-type dopant. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein replacing the second layers in the second region further comprises:
forming trenches along the first direction of the substrate in the second region to separate the second region into fin structures while the first region is protected, the fin structures including the alternating first layers and second layers, the trenches and the fin structures being arranged alternatingly along a second direction of the substrate that is perpendicular to the first direction of the substrate; forming first support structures extending in the second direction of the substrate, the first support structures being positioned at the trenches so that first portions of the fin structures are uncovered by the first support structures and second portions of the fin structures are covered by the first support structures; removing first portions of the second layers in the first portions of the fin structures; doping first portions of the first layers in the first portions of the fin structures with the dopant; replacing the first portions of the second layers in the first portions of the fin structures with the insulating layers; removing the first support structures; forming second support structures extending in the second direction of the substrate, the second support structures being positioned at the trenches so that the first portions of the fin structures are covered by the second support structures and the second portions of the fin structures are uncovered; removing second portions of the second layers in the second portions of the fin structures; doping second portions of the first layers in the second portions of the fin structures with the dopant; replacing the second portion of the second layers in the second portions of the fin structures with the insulating layers; and removing the second support structures so that the fin structures include the insulating layers and the doped first layers arranged alternatingly on the working surface of the substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
forming a 3D NAND device in one of the fin structures in the second region. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein forming the 3D NAND device in the one of the fin structures in the second region further comprises:
performing an etching process to form staircase regions and an array region in the one of the fin structures, the array region being positioned between the staircase regions; forming an channel structure in the array region of the one of the fin structures, the channel structure passing through the one of the fin structures and extending along a third direction of the substrate that is perpendicular to the substrate; and forming wordline contacts in the staircase regions, the wordline contacts landing on the first layers of the one of the fin structures, and further extending along the third direction of the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein forming the channel structure further comprises:
forming a channel opening in the one of the fin structures, the channel opening passing through the one of the fin structures along the third direction of the substrate and further extending into the substrate, the channel opening having sidewalls and a bottom; forming a blocking layer along the sidewalls of the channel opening and over the bottom of the channel opening; forming a charge storage layer over the blocking layer in the channel opening; and forming a tunneling layer over the charge storage layer in the channel opening. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein forming the channel structure further comprises:
performing an etching process to remove a portion of the blocking layer, a portion of the charge storage layer, and a portion of the tunneling layer that are positioned over the bottom of the channel opening; forming a bottom channel contact at the bottom of the channel opening, the bottom channel contact further extending in the substrate; forming a channel layer in the channel opening, the channel layer being disposed over the tunneling layer and positioned along the sidewalls of the channel opening, the channel layer further being positioned on the bottom channel contact; and forming a top channel contact on the channel layer. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA-FETs) in the first region that are positioned over the substrate. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the forming the stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors in the first region further comprises:
forming a first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs over the substrate, the first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs including first GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the first GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and arranged along a top surface of the substrate; and forming a second layer of the stack of GAA-FETs over the first layer of the stack of GAA-FETs, the second layer of the stack of GAA-FETs having second GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the second GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and positioned along the top surface of the substrate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first GAA-FETs are N-type transand the second GAA-FETs are P-type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the channel regions of the first GAA-FETs and the channel regions of the second GAA-FETs are formed in the first layers. 13. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first region on a die having a stack of gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA-FETs) positioned over a substrate, the stack of GAA-FETs being formed based on a first stack of alternating first layers and second layers, each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs including respective GAA-FETs, source/drain regions and channel regions of the respective GAA-FETs in each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs being disposed alternatingly and extending along a top surface of the substrate, the channel regions of the respective GAA-FETs in each layer of the stack of GAA-FETs being formed based on the first layers of the first stack; and a second region on the die positioned adjacent to the first region, the second region having an array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells that are formed in a second stack, the second stack including the first layers and insulating layers that are positioned alternatingly over the substrate, the first layers in the second stack functioning as wordlines of the array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells, wherein: the first stack and the second stack are formed from an epitaxial stack so that the first layers in the first stack align with the first layers in the second stack. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein the epitaxial stack comprises the first layers and the second layers that are disposed alternatingly on the substrate. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the first layers are made of silicon and the second layers are made of SiGe. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the epitaxial stack is separated into the first stack and the second stack by a separation structure, the separation structure extending in a first direction of the substrate. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein the second layers in the second stack are replaced with the insulating layers. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the first layers in the second stack are doped with a dopant. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the array of vertically-oriented NAND memory cells further comprises:
staircase regions and an array region that are formed in the second stack; channel structures formed in the array region, the channel structures extending along a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate and further passing through the first layers and the insulating layers in the array region; and wordline contacts formed in the staircase regions, the wordline contacts landing on the first layers in the staircase regions and further extending along the vertical direction. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 19, wherein one of the channel structures further comprises:
a bottom channel contact positioned at a bottom of the one of the channel structures, the bottom channel contact further extending in the substrate; a blocking layer positioned along sidewalls of the one of the channel structures, a bottom end of the blocking layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a charge storage layer positioned along sidewalls of the blocking layer, a bottom end of the charge storage layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a tunneling layer positioned along sidewalls of the charge storage layer, a bottom end of the tunneling layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; a channel layer positioned along sidewalls of the tunneling layer, the channel layer being positioned on the bottom channel contact; and a top channel contact disposed on the channel layer. | 3,600 |
341,421 | 16,801,736 | 3,619 | [Technical Problem] An object is to provide a heat insulation coat having a novel form/structure different from conventional ones. | 1. A heat insulation coat having a spongy body, the spongy body comprising non-linear pores and a skeleton incorporating the pores, wherein the skeleton is an amorphous body comprising Al, Si, O, and impurities and has an amorphous peak specified by X-ray diffraction analysis at a position of 3.5 Å or more as lattice spacing, and
the heat insulation coat has an apparent density of 1 g/cm3 or less, a volumetric specific heat of 1,000 kJ/m3·K or less, and a thermal conductivity of 2 W/m·K or less. 2. The heat insulation coat according to claim 1, wherein a porosity ratio is 70% or more. 3. The heat insulation coat according to claim 1, wherein
the spongy body comprises an anodic oxide of an aluminum alloy in which Si is solid-solved in a supersaturated state, and the aluminum alloy contains 16 to 48 mass % of Si with respect to the alloy as a whole. 4. A coated member wherein at least part of a main body surface is coated with the heat insulation coat according to claim 1. 5. The coated member according to claim 4, wherein
the main body surface is an inner wall surface of a combustion chamber, and the heat insulation coat has a thickness of 20 to 150 μm. 6. A method of manufacturing a coated member, comprising:
a first step of forming a base layer of an aluminum alloy on a main body surface; and a second step of anodizing the base layer, wherein the coated member according to claim 4 is obtained. 7. The method of manufacturing a coated member according to claim 6, wherein the first step is a thermal spraying step for the aluminum alloy. 8. The method of manufacturing a coated member according to claim 6, wherein the second step is an electrolytic step of performing AC/DC superimposition energization in which an AC component and a DC component are superimposed. | [Technical Problem] An object is to provide a heat insulation coat having a novel form/structure different from conventional ones.1. A heat insulation coat having a spongy body, the spongy body comprising non-linear pores and a skeleton incorporating the pores, wherein the skeleton is an amorphous body comprising Al, Si, O, and impurities and has an amorphous peak specified by X-ray diffraction analysis at a position of 3.5 Å or more as lattice spacing, and
the heat insulation coat has an apparent density of 1 g/cm3 or less, a volumetric specific heat of 1,000 kJ/m3·K or less, and a thermal conductivity of 2 W/m·K or less. 2. The heat insulation coat according to claim 1, wherein a porosity ratio is 70% or more. 3. The heat insulation coat according to claim 1, wherein
the spongy body comprises an anodic oxide of an aluminum alloy in which Si is solid-solved in a supersaturated state, and the aluminum alloy contains 16 to 48 mass % of Si with respect to the alloy as a whole. 4. A coated member wherein at least part of a main body surface is coated with the heat insulation coat according to claim 1. 5. The coated member according to claim 4, wherein
the main body surface is an inner wall surface of a combustion chamber, and the heat insulation coat has a thickness of 20 to 150 μm. 6. A method of manufacturing a coated member, comprising:
a first step of forming a base layer of an aluminum alloy on a main body surface; and a second step of anodizing the base layer, wherein the coated member according to claim 4 is obtained. 7. The method of manufacturing a coated member according to claim 6, wherein the first step is a thermal spraying step for the aluminum alloy. 8. The method of manufacturing a coated member according to claim 6, wherein the second step is an electrolytic step of performing AC/DC superimposition energization in which an AC component and a DC component are superimposed. | 3,600 |
341,422 | 16,801,684 | 3,619 | A sensory eyewear system for a mixed reality device can facilitate user's interactions with the other people or with the environment. As one example, the sensory eyewear system can recognize and interpret a sign language, and present the translated information to a user of the mixed reality device. The wearable system can also recognize text in the user's environment, modify the text (e.g., by changing the content or display characteristics of the text), and render the modified text to occlude the original text. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A computing system comprising:
a hardware computer processor; a non-transitory computer readable medium having software instructions stored thereon, the software instructions executable by the hardware computer processor to cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: communicate with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receive image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detect sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; convert the detected sign language into text; and transmit, through the one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to identify a target language. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
identify a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
determine a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and convert the detected sign language based on the determined source. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein said determining the source of the detected sign language is based on at least the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 32. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. 33. A method of facilitating communication between wearable AR devices, the method comprising:
communicating with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receiving image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detecting sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; converting the detected sign language into text; and transmitting, through one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising transmitting, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 36. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language. 37. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 40. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 41. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 42. The method of claim 33 comprising:
determining a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and
converting the detected sign language based on the determined source. 43. The method of claim 33 comprising determining a source of the detected sign language is the wearer of the first wearable AR device based on the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 44. The method of claim 33 comprising transmitting an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. | A sensory eyewear system for a mixed reality device can facilitate user's interactions with the other people or with the environment. As one example, the sensory eyewear system can recognize and interpret a sign language, and present the translated information to a user of the mixed reality device. The wearable system can also recognize text in the user's environment, modify the text (e.g., by changing the content or display characteristics of the text), and render the modified text to occlude the original text.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A computing system comprising:
a hardware computer processor; a non-transitory computer readable medium having software instructions stored thereon, the software instructions executable by the hardware computer processor to cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: communicate with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receive image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detect sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; convert the detected sign language into text; and transmit, through the one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to identify a target language. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
identify a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
determine a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and convert the detected sign language based on the determined source. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein said determining the source of the detected sign language is based on at least the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 32. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. 33. A method of facilitating communication between wearable AR devices, the method comprising:
communicating with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receiving image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detecting sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; converting the detected sign language into text; and transmitting, through one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising transmitting, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 36. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language. 37. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 40. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 41. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 42. The method of claim 33 comprising:
determining a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and
converting the detected sign language based on the determined source. 43. The method of claim 33 comprising determining a source of the detected sign language is the wearer of the first wearable AR device based on the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 44. The method of claim 33 comprising transmitting an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. | 3,600 |
341,423 | 16,801,773 | 3,681 | A sensory eyewear system for a mixed reality device can facilitate user's interactions with the other people or with the environment. As one example, the sensory eyewear system can recognize and interpret a sign language, and present the translated information to a user of the mixed reality device. The wearable system can also recognize text in the user's environment, modify the text (e.g., by changing the content or display characteristics of the text), and render the modified text to occlude the original text. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A computing system comprising:
a hardware computer processor; a non-transitory computer readable medium having software instructions stored thereon, the software instructions executable by the hardware computer processor to cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: communicate with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receive image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detect sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; convert the detected sign language into text; and transmit, through the one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to identify a target language. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
identify a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
determine a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and convert the detected sign language based on the determined source. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein said determining the source of the detected sign language is based on at least the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 32. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. 33. A method of facilitating communication between wearable AR devices, the method comprising:
communicating with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receiving image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detecting sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; converting the detected sign language into text; and transmitting, through one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising transmitting, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 36. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language. 37. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 40. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 41. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 42. The method of claim 33 comprising:
determining a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and
converting the detected sign language based on the determined source. 43. The method of claim 33 comprising determining a source of the detected sign language is the wearer of the first wearable AR device based on the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 44. The method of claim 33 comprising transmitting an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. | A sensory eyewear system for a mixed reality device can facilitate user's interactions with the other people or with the environment. As one example, the sensory eyewear system can recognize and interpret a sign language, and present the translated information to a user of the mixed reality device. The wearable system can also recognize text in the user's environment, modify the text (e.g., by changing the content or display characteristics of the text), and render the modified text to occlude the original text.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A computing system comprising:
a hardware computer processor; a non-transitory computer readable medium having software instructions stored thereon, the software instructions executable by the hardware computer processor to cause the computing system to perform operations comprising: communicate with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receive image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detect sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; convert the detected sign language into text; and transmit, through the one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to identify a target language. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
identify a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
determine a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and convert the detected sign language based on the determined source. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein said determining the source of the detected sign language is based on at least the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 32. The system of claim 21, wherein the software instructions are further configured to cause the computing system to:
transmit an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. 33. A method of facilitating communication between wearable AR devices, the method comprising:
communicating with a plurality of wearable AR devices via one or more networks; receiving image information captured by an outward facing imaging system of a first wearable AR device of the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the image information comprises images of one or more hands of a first wearer of the first wearable AR device; automatically detecting sign language in the received image information, based at least on analysis of the images of the one or more hands of the first wearer; converting the detected sign language into text; and transmitting, through one or more networks, the converted text to a second wearable AR device in the plurality of wearable AR devices, wherein the second wearable AR device is configured to display the converted text to a second wearer of the second wearable AR device. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising transmitting, through the one or more networks, a world map of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the world map of the first wearer comprises an avatar of the first wearer of the first wearable AR device. 36. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language. 37. The method of claim 33, comprising identifying a target language understood by the second wearer of the second AR device based on at least one of: speech as captured by the second AR device, the location of the second AR device, or an input from the wearer of the second AR device. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the converted text is in the target language. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein said automatically detecting sign language comprises detecting a series of gestures in the received image information. 40. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises accessing a sign language dictionary to translate a detected gesture into text. 41. The method of claim 33, wherein said converting the detected sign language into text comprises use of a machine learning algorithm. 42. The method of claim 33 comprising:
determining a source of the detected sign language, the source comprising a person, and
converting the detected sign language based on the determined source. 43. The method of claim 33 comprising determining a source of the detected sign language is the wearer of the first wearable AR device based on the size of the one or more hands in the image information. 44. The method of claim 33 comprising transmitting an audio stream to the second wearable AR device based on the converted text. | 3,600 |
341,424 | 16,801,752 | 3,681 | Various cellular tower plate connection systems are detailed herein. Such systems can include an antenna plate assembly. This assembly can include an antenna plate and antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate. Cable connectors may be present that are attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate. The assembly can include a first attachment mechanism that secures antenna port connectors to antenna ports of an antenna system. The antenna port connectors may be arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the antenna port connectors mate with the antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation. | 1. A cellular tower plate connection system, comprising:
an antenna plate assembly comprising:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a first plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation; and
a radio plate assembly comprising:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a second plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of a radio system, wherein:
the first plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with the plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. 2. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising: a first weather seal that protects the plurality of antenna port connectors and the matching plurality of antenna ports from weather when the first attachment mechanism is engaged with the port system. 3. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 2, further comprising: a second weather seal that protects the plurality of radio port connectors and the matching plurality of radio ports from weather when the second attachment mechanism is engaged with the antenna system. 4. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of cables that connect the first plurality of cable connectors to the second plurality of cable connectors. 5. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 4, wherein each cable of the plurality of cables comprises a first weatherproof connector and a second weatherproof connector. 6. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 5, wherein:
the first weatherproof connector comprises a first retractable sleeve, wherein the first weatherproof connector can be coupled and decoupled with a cable connector of the first plurality of cable connectors when the first retractable sleeve is retracted. 7. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 6, wherein:
the second weatherproof connector comprises a second retractable sleeve, wherein the second weatherproof connector can be coupled and decoupled with a cable connector of the second plurality of cable connectors when the second retractable sleeve is retracted. 8. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 7, wherein the radio plate assembly permits the second attachment mechanism to secure the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system after the first plurality of cable connectors have been coupled with the plurality of cables. 9. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 8, wherein the antenna plate assembly permits the first attachment mechanism to secure the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system after the second plurality of cable connectors have been coupled with the plurality of cables. 10. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising the radio system and the antenna system. 11. A cellular tower connection plate, comprising:
an antenna plate; a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate; a plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the first attachment mechanism secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a particular orientation. 12. The cellular tower connection plate of claim 11, further comprising: a first weather seal that protects the plurality of antenna port connectors and the matching plurality of antenna ports from weather when the first attachment mechanism secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna port connectors of the antenna system. 13. A method for using a cellular tower plate connection system, the method comprising:
connecting a plurality of cables to an antenna plate assembly, wherein the antenna plate assembly comprises:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a first plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system;
connecting the plurality of cables to a radio plate assembly, wherein the radio plate assembly comprises:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a second plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of a radio system;
after connecting the plurality of cables to the antenna plate assembly, connecting the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors can only be attached with the matching plurality of antenna ports in a particular orientation. 14. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 13, the method comprising:
after connecting the plurality of cables to the radio plate assembly, connecting the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that the plurality of radio port connectors can only be attached with the matching plurality of radio ports in a particular orientation. 15. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of antenna port connectors are simultaneously connected with the matching plurality of antenna ports. 16. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are simultaneously connected with the matching plurality of radio port connectors. 17. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of cables are connected to the antenna plate assembly prior to a technician ascending a cellular tower on which the antenna system is located. 18. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 17, wherein connecting the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system occurs while the technician is atop the cellular tower on which the antenna system is located. 19. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the method further comprising:
securing the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system using the first attachment mechanism. 20. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 19, the method further comprising:
securing the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system using the second attachment mechanism. | Various cellular tower plate connection systems are detailed herein. Such systems can include an antenna plate assembly. This assembly can include an antenna plate and antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate. Cable connectors may be present that are attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate. The assembly can include a first attachment mechanism that secures antenna port connectors to antenna ports of an antenna system. The antenna port connectors may be arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the antenna port connectors mate with the antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation.1. A cellular tower plate connection system, comprising:
an antenna plate assembly comprising:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a first plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors mate with the plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a single possible orientation; and
a radio plate assembly comprising:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a second plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of a radio system, wherein:
the first plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that plurality of radio port connectors mate with the plurality of radio ports of the radio system in a single orientation. 2. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising: a first weather seal that protects the plurality of antenna port connectors and the matching plurality of antenna ports from weather when the first attachment mechanism is engaged with the port system. 3. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 2, further comprising: a second weather seal that protects the plurality of radio port connectors and the matching plurality of radio ports from weather when the second attachment mechanism is engaged with the antenna system. 4. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of cables that connect the first plurality of cable connectors to the second plurality of cable connectors. 5. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 4, wherein each cable of the plurality of cables comprises a first weatherproof connector and a second weatherproof connector. 6. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 5, wherein:
the first weatherproof connector comprises a first retractable sleeve, wherein the first weatherproof connector can be coupled and decoupled with a cable connector of the first plurality of cable connectors when the first retractable sleeve is retracted. 7. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 6, wherein:
the second weatherproof connector comprises a second retractable sleeve, wherein the second weatherproof connector can be coupled and decoupled with a cable connector of the second plurality of cable connectors when the second retractable sleeve is retracted. 8. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 7, wherein the radio plate assembly permits the second attachment mechanism to secure the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system after the first plurality of cable connectors have been coupled with the plurality of cables. 9. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 8, wherein the antenna plate assembly permits the first attachment mechanism to secure the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system after the second plurality of cable connectors have been coupled with the plurality of cables. 10. The cellular tower plate connection system of claim 1, further comprising the radio system and the antenna system. 11. A cellular tower connection plate, comprising:
an antenna plate; a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate; a plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the first attachment mechanism secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system in a particular orientation. 12. The cellular tower connection plate of claim 11, further comprising: a first weather seal that protects the plurality of antenna port connectors and the matching plurality of antenna ports from weather when the first attachment mechanism secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna port connectors of the antenna system. 13. A method for using a cellular tower plate connection system, the method comprising:
connecting a plurality of cables to an antenna plate assembly, wherein the antenna plate assembly comprises:
an antenna plate;
a plurality of antenna port connectors attached to a first side of the antenna plate;
a first plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the antenna plate opposite the first side of the antenna plate; and
a first attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of antenna port connectors to a matching plurality of antenna ports of an antenna system;
connecting the plurality of cables to a radio plate assembly, wherein the radio plate assembly comprises:
a radio plate;
a plurality of radio port connectors attached to a first side of the radio plate;
a second plurality of cable connectors attached to a second side of the radio plate opposite the first side of the radio plate; and
a second attachment mechanism that secures the plurality of radio port connectors to a matching plurality of radio ports of a radio system;
after connecting the plurality of cables to the antenna plate assembly, connecting the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system, wherein:
the plurality of antenna port connectors are arranged on the first side of the antenna plate such that the plurality of antenna port connectors can only be attached with the matching plurality of antenna ports in a particular orientation. 14. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 13, the method comprising:
after connecting the plurality of cables to the radio plate assembly, connecting the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are arranged on the first side of the radio plate such that the plurality of radio port connectors can only be attached with the matching plurality of radio ports in a particular orientation. 15. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of antenna port connectors are simultaneously connected with the matching plurality of antenna ports. 16. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of radio port connectors are simultaneously connected with the matching plurality of radio port connectors. 17. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of cables are connected to the antenna plate assembly prior to a technician ascending a cellular tower on which the antenna system is located. 18. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 17, wherein connecting the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system occurs while the technician is atop the cellular tower on which the antenna system is located. 19. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 14, the method further comprising:
securing the plurality of antenna port connectors to the matching plurality of antenna ports of the antenna system using the first attachment mechanism. 20. The method for using the cellular tower plate connection system of claim 19, the method further comprising:
securing the plurality of radio port connectors to the matching plurality of radio ports of the radio system using the second attachment mechanism. | 3,600 |
341,425 | 16,801,734 | 3,681 | Systems and methods are described that allow users to continue utilizing their user accounts and user devices associated with a first authorization entity for transactions conducting with a second authorization entity. A processor server computer may translate a first data set including first account identifier and a first verification value associated with a first authorization entity during authorization processing into a second data set including a second account identifier and a second verification value that can be processed by a second authorization entity. The processor server computer may modify an authorization request message based on the translated data set. The processor server computer may also enable the authorization request message to be routed to an appropriate authorization entity during authorization processing. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising performing, by a server computer:
receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity; determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity; and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises: accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set; upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set; and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to validate the authorization request message. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the database is a first database, and the method further comprises:
generating the second data set comprising the second account identifier corresponding to the second authorization entity; and storing the second data set in association with the first data set in a second database comprising a mapping between data sets corresponding to the first authorization entity and data sets corresponding to the second authorization entity. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
after receiving the authorization request message, accessing the second database comprising the mapping between data sets corresponding to the first authorization entity and data sets corresponding to the second authorization entity; querying the second database for the first data set; and receiving from the second database an indication that the first data set is associated with the second data set. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first account identifier comprises a primary account number. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the access device comprises a user device reader. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the authorization request message is received from the access device via a transport computer. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the authorization request message is received from the access device, after the access device receives the first data set from a user device associated with a user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the first account identifier includes a first authorization entity identifier associated with the first authorization entity and the second account identifier includes a second authorization entity identifier associated with the second authorization entity. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining the second account identifier; determining the second authorization entity identifier included in the second account identifier; and determining that the second authorization entity identifier is associated with the second authorization entity. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the database stores a mapping between the first account identifier and the second account identifier. 31. A server computer comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code executable to perform a method comprising: receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity; determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity; and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises: accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set; upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set; and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to authorize the authorization request message. 32. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information comprises historical fraud information. 33. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information includes fraud patterns associated with the first account identifier. 34. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information comprises fraud scores. 35. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving an authorization response message from the second authorizing computer in response to sending the authorization request message to the second authorizing computer. 36. The server computer of claim 35, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the authorization response message to the access device. 37. The server computer of claim 36, wherein the authorization request message comprises a card verification value. 38. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the first account identifier includes a first authorization entity identifier associated with the first authorization entity and the second account identifier includes a second authorization entity identifier associated with the second authorization entity. 39. A system comprising:
a server computer comprising a processor, and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code executable by the processor to perform a method comprising receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity, determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity, and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises, accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set, upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set, and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to authorize the authorization request message; and the access device. 40. The system of claim 39, further comprising:
the second authorization computer. | Systems and methods are described that allow users to continue utilizing their user accounts and user devices associated with a first authorization entity for transactions conducting with a second authorization entity. A processor server computer may translate a first data set including first account identifier and a first verification value associated with a first authorization entity during authorization processing into a second data set including a second account identifier and a second verification value that can be processed by a second authorization entity. The processor server computer may modify an authorization request message based on the translated data set. The processor server computer may also enable the authorization request message to be routed to an appropriate authorization entity during authorization processing.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising performing, by a server computer:
receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity; determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity; and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises: accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set; upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set; and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to validate the authorization request message. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the database is a first database, and the method further comprises:
generating the second data set comprising the second account identifier corresponding to the second authorization entity; and storing the second data set in association with the first data set in a second database comprising a mapping between data sets corresponding to the first authorization entity and data sets corresponding to the second authorization entity. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
after receiving the authorization request message, accessing the second database comprising the mapping between data sets corresponding to the first authorization entity and data sets corresponding to the second authorization entity; querying the second database for the first data set; and receiving from the second database an indication that the first data set is associated with the second data set. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first account identifier comprises a primary account number. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the access device comprises a user device reader. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the authorization request message is received from the access device via a transport computer. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the authorization request message is received from the access device, after the access device receives the first data set from a user device associated with a user. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the first account identifier includes a first authorization entity identifier associated with the first authorization entity and the second account identifier includes a second authorization entity identifier associated with the second authorization entity. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining the second account identifier; determining the second authorization entity identifier included in the second account identifier; and determining that the second authorization entity identifier is associated with the second authorization entity. 30. The method of claim 21, wherein the database stores a mapping between the first account identifier and the second account identifier. 31. A server computer comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code executable to perform a method comprising: receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity; determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity; and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises: accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set; upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set; and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to authorize the authorization request message. 32. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information comprises historical fraud information. 33. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information includes fraud patterns associated with the first account identifier. 34. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the fraud information comprises fraud scores. 35. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving an authorization response message from the second authorizing computer in response to sending the authorization request message to the second authorizing computer. 36. The server computer of claim 35, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the authorization response message to the access device. 37. The server computer of claim 36, wherein the authorization request message comprises a card verification value. 38. The server computer of claim 31, wherein the first account identifier includes a first authorization entity identifier associated with the first authorization entity and the second account identifier includes a second authorization entity identifier associated with the second authorization entity. 39. A system comprising:
a server computer comprising a processor, and a non-transitory computer readable medium coupled to the processor, the non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code executable by the processor to perform a method comprising receiving, from an access device, an authorization request message with a first data set comprising a first account identifier corresponding to a first authorization computer of a first authorization entity, determining that the first data set is associated with a second data set comprising a second account identifier corresponding to a second authorization computer of a second authorization entity, and routing, to the second authorization computer, the authorization request message with the second data set, wherein the method further comprises, accessing a database comprising fraud information associated with the first data set, upon determining that the first data set is associated with the second data set, retrieving the fraud information associated with the first data set, and sending the fraud information related to the first data set with the authorization request message to the second authorization computer, wherein the second authorization computer utilizes the fraud information to determine whether to authorize the authorization request message; and the access device. 40. The system of claim 39, further comprising:
the second authorization computer. | 3,600 |
341,426 | 16,801,784 | 3,681 | An automatic disengaging linkage system including a housing operably connectable to a garage door trolley and a garage door arm. The housing can define a main bore configured to receive a portion of the garage door arm. A ball can be receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing. A biasing member can be configured to force the ball in engagement with the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm. The ball or the biasing member can be configured to disengage with the garage door arm with the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. The garage door arm can automatically be disengaged with the housing upon encounter a sufficient pulling force that retracts the ball into its ball bore thereby allowing the garage door arm to move freely out from the main bore. | 1. An automatic disengaging linkage system comprising:
a housing operably connectable to a moving member and a moveable member; a ball receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing; and a biasing member configured to bias the ball toward the moveable member or an arm pin associated with the moveable member; wherein the ball or the biasing member is configured to hold the moveable member with the housing until a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. 2. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 1, wherein the moving member is a garage door trolley, and the moveable member is a garage door arm. 3. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 2 further comprising a plunger slidably receivable in a main bore defined in the housing, the plunger including a plunger shaft slidably receivable through a shaft bore defined through an end of the housing, the plunger shaft being connectable to the garage door trolley. 4. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3 further comprising a pair of springs oppositely positioned against the plunger. 5. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 4 further comprising a spring pin received through the housing, the spring pin being configured to hold at least one of the springs in place. 6. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3, wherein the main bore being configured to receive a portion of the garage door arm. 7. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprising one or more slots defined in the housing and in communication with the main bore. 8. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 7, wherein the ball bore being configured to protrude a portion of the ball into one of the slots or into the main bore. 9. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 8, wherein the ball bore includes a first open end configured to receive a setscrew to hold the biasing member against the ball. 10. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 9, wherein the ball bore includes a second open end having a size smaller than the ball bore, the size of the second open end allows the portion of the ball therethrough while prevent a remaining portion of the ball from passing therethrough. 11. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 7, wherein the slots are configured to slidably receive an arm pin associated with the garage door arm, with a portion of the ball being configured to contact the arm pin. 12. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 2, wherein a portion of the ball is receivable in a bore or recess defined in the garage door arm. 13. An automatic disengaging linkage system comprising:
a housing operably connectable to a garage door trolley, the housing defining a main bore configured to receive a portion of a garage door arm; a ball receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing; and a biasing member configured to force the ball in engagement with the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm; wherein the ball or the biasing member is configured to disengage with the garage door arm with the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. 14. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 13 further comprising a plunger slidably receivable in a main bore defined in the housing, the plunger including a plunger shaft slidably receivable through a shaft bore defined through an end of the housing, the plunger shaft being connectable to the garage door trolley. 15. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 14 further comprising a pair of springs oppositely positioned against the plunger. 16. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 13, wherein the housing further comprising one or more slots defined in the housing and in communication with the main bore. 17. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 16, wherein the ball bore being configured to protrude a portion of the ball into one of the slots or into the main bore. 18. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 17, wherein the ball bore includes a first open end configured to receive a setscrew to hold the biasing member against the ball. 19. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 18, wherein the ball bore includes a second open end having a size smaller than the ball bore, the size of the second open end allows the portion of the ball therethrough while prevent a remaining portion of the ball from passing therethrough. 20. A method of using an automatic disengaging linkage system, the method comprising the steps of:
a) connecting a housing to a garage door trolley and to a garage door am; b) biasing a ball toward the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm using a biasing member; and c) disengaging the garage door arm from the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. | An automatic disengaging linkage system including a housing operably connectable to a garage door trolley and a garage door arm. The housing can define a main bore configured to receive a portion of the garage door arm. A ball can be receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing. A biasing member can be configured to force the ball in engagement with the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm. The ball or the biasing member can be configured to disengage with the garage door arm with the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. The garage door arm can automatically be disengaged with the housing upon encounter a sufficient pulling force that retracts the ball into its ball bore thereby allowing the garage door arm to move freely out from the main bore.1. An automatic disengaging linkage system comprising:
a housing operably connectable to a moving member and a moveable member; a ball receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing; and a biasing member configured to bias the ball toward the moveable member or an arm pin associated with the moveable member; wherein the ball or the biasing member is configured to hold the moveable member with the housing until a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. 2. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 1, wherein the moving member is a garage door trolley, and the moveable member is a garage door arm. 3. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 2 further comprising a plunger slidably receivable in a main bore defined in the housing, the plunger including a plunger shaft slidably receivable through a shaft bore defined through an end of the housing, the plunger shaft being connectable to the garage door trolley. 4. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3 further comprising a pair of springs oppositely positioned against the plunger. 5. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 4 further comprising a spring pin received through the housing, the spring pin being configured to hold at least one of the springs in place. 6. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3, wherein the main bore being configured to receive a portion of the garage door arm. 7. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprising one or more slots defined in the housing and in communication with the main bore. 8. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 7, wherein the ball bore being configured to protrude a portion of the ball into one of the slots or into the main bore. 9. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 8, wherein the ball bore includes a first open end configured to receive a setscrew to hold the biasing member against the ball. 10. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 9, wherein the ball bore includes a second open end having a size smaller than the ball bore, the size of the second open end allows the portion of the ball therethrough while prevent a remaining portion of the ball from passing therethrough. 11. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 7, wherein the slots are configured to slidably receive an arm pin associated with the garage door arm, with a portion of the ball being configured to contact the arm pin. 12. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 2, wherein a portion of the ball is receivable in a bore or recess defined in the garage door arm. 13. An automatic disengaging linkage system comprising:
a housing operably connectable to a garage door trolley, the housing defining a main bore configured to receive a portion of a garage door arm; a ball receivable in a ball bore defined in the housing; and a biasing member configured to force the ball in engagement with the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm; wherein the ball or the biasing member is configured to disengage with the garage door arm with the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. 14. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 13 further comprising a plunger slidably receivable in a main bore defined in the housing, the plunger including a plunger shaft slidably receivable through a shaft bore defined through an end of the housing, the plunger shaft being connectable to the garage door trolley. 15. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 14 further comprising a pair of springs oppositely positioned against the plunger. 16. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 13, wherein the housing further comprising one or more slots defined in the housing and in communication with the main bore. 17. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 16, wherein the ball bore being configured to protrude a portion of the ball into one of the slots or into the main bore. 18. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 17, wherein the ball bore includes a first open end configured to receive a setscrew to hold the biasing member against the ball. 19. The automatic disengaging linkage system of claim 18, wherein the ball bore includes a second open end having a size smaller than the ball bore, the size of the second open end allows the portion of the ball therethrough while prevent a remaining portion of the ball from passing therethrough. 20. A method of using an automatic disengaging linkage system, the method comprising the steps of:
a) connecting a housing to a garage door trolley and to a garage door am; b) biasing a ball toward the garage door arm or an arm pin associated with the garage door arm using a biasing member; and c) disengaging the garage door arm from the housing when a predetermined pulling force is applied to the housing. | 3,600 |
341,427 | 16,801,761 | 3,681 | Systems and methods of the disclosure include: receiving, by a destination host computer system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system; receiving at least a part of a state of a virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; generating a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the destination host computer system; starting the virtual machine on the destination host computer system; comparing the source host configuration data structure and the destination host configuration data structure; responsive to detecting a difference between the source host configuration data structure and the destination host configuration data structure, notifying the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change; receiving, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to a memory accessible by the virtual machine. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a destination host computer system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system for a virtual machine; receiving at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; generating a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the destination host computer system for the virtual machine; starting the virtual machine on the destination host computer system; comparing the source configuration data structure and the destination configuration data structure; responsive to detecting a difference between the source configuration data structure and the destination configuration data structure, notifying the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change; receiving, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine comprises:
storing at least a part of the destination hardware configuration data structure in a memory mapped into an address space of the virtual machine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration of the destination host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration of the source host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor, operatively coupled to the memory, the processor to:
receive, by the system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system for a virtual machine;
receive at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system;
generate a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the system;
start the virtual machine on the system;
compare the source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure;
responsive to detecting a difference between the source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure, notify the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change;
receive, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and
provide the destination hardware configuration data structure to another memory accessible by the virtual machine. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to provide the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine further comprises:
store at least a part of the destination hardware configuration data structure in a memory mapped into an address space of the virtual machine. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the hardware configuration of the system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the hardware configuration of the source host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structures 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT). 14. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a source host computer system, a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a destination host computer system for a virtual machine; transmitting, to the destination host computer system, at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; comparing a source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure, the source virtual machine configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the source host computer system; and notifying the destination host computer system of a difference between the destination virtual machine configuration data structure and the source virtual machine configuration data structure. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the part of the state of the virtual machine includes at least one of an indication of an amount of the virtual machine's memory that has been copied over to the destination host computer system, or an estimated time left to transfer remaining memory of the virtual machine to the destination host computer system. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the hardware configuration of the destination computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the hardware configuration of the source computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU of the source host computer system allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structure; the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT); the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprises:
generating instructions:
to detect notification of the difference between the destination virtual machine configuration data structure and the source virtual machine configuration data structure,
to unload the source virtual machine configuration data structure from a memory accessible by the virtual machine,
to request the destination virtual machine configuration data structure to the destination host computer system, and
to load the destination virtual machine configuration data structure from the memory accessible by the virtual machine, the memory migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system. | Systems and methods of the disclosure include: receiving, by a destination host computer system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system; receiving at least a part of a state of a virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; generating a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the destination host computer system; starting the virtual machine on the destination host computer system; comparing the source host configuration data structure and the destination host configuration data structure; responsive to detecting a difference between the source host configuration data structure and the destination host configuration data structure, notifying the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change; receiving, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to a memory accessible by the virtual machine.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a destination host computer system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system for a virtual machine; receiving at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; generating a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the destination host computer system for the virtual machine; starting the virtual machine on the destination host computer system; comparing the source configuration data structure and the destination configuration data structure; responsive to detecting a difference between the source configuration data structure and the destination configuration data structure, notifying the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change; receiving, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine comprises:
storing at least a part of the destination hardware configuration data structure in a memory mapped into an address space of the virtual machine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration of the destination host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration of the source host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 8. A system comprising:
a memory; and a processor, operatively coupled to the memory, the processor to:
receive, by the system, a source hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a source host computer system for a virtual machine;
receive at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system;
generate a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the system;
start the virtual machine on the system;
compare the source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure;
responsive to detecting a difference between the source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure, notify the virtual machine of a hardware configuration change;
receive, from the virtual machine, a hardware configuration request; and
provide the destination hardware configuration data structure to another memory accessible by the virtual machine. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to provide the destination hardware configuration data structure to the virtual machine further comprises:
store at least a part of the destination hardware configuration data structure in a memory mapped into an address space of the virtual machine. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the hardware configuration of the system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the hardware configuration of the source host computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structures 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT). 14. The system of claim 8, wherein:
the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a source host computer system, a destination hardware configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of a destination host computer system for a virtual machine; transmitting, to the destination host computer system, at least a part of a state of the virtual machine being migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system; comparing a source virtual machine configuration data structure and the destination virtual machine configuration data structure, the source virtual machine configuration data structure describing a hardware configuration of the source host computer system; and notifying the destination host computer system of a difference between the destination virtual machine configuration data structure and the source virtual machine configuration data structure. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the part of the state of the virtual machine includes at least one of an indication of an amount of the virtual machine's memory that has been copied over to the destination host computer system, or an estimated time left to transfer remaining memory of the virtual machine to the destination host computer system. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the hardware configuration of the destination computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a central processing unit (CPU) allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the hardware configuration of the source computer system includes at least one of: a power state supported by a CPU of the source host computer system allocated to the virtual machine, or a number of CPUs allocated to the virtual machine. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the destination hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an advanced configuration and power interface (ACPI) data structure; the destination hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an extended system description table (XSDT), a differentiated system description table (DSDT), or a secondary system description table (SSDT); the source hardware configuration data structure corresponds to an ACPI data structure; and the source hardware configuration data structure comprises at least one of: an XSDT, a DSDT, or a SSDT. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprises:
generating instructions:
to detect notification of the difference between the destination virtual machine configuration data structure and the source virtual machine configuration data structure,
to unload the source virtual machine configuration data structure from a memory accessible by the virtual machine,
to request the destination virtual machine configuration data structure to the destination host computer system, and
to load the destination virtual machine configuration data structure from the memory accessible by the virtual machine, the memory migrated from the source host computer system to the destination host computer system. | 3,600 |
341,428 | 16,801,766 | 3,734 | A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle. Each of the stake pockets includes an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed. The utility bar includes a tubular member, a pair of end fittings attached to the tubular member, and a pair of lock assemblies positioned in the stake pockets that mate with the end fittings, wherein the lock assemblies each include a locking mechanism configured to secure the lock assembly and the end fitting to the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. | 1. A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle, each of the stake pockets including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the utility bar comprising:
a tubular member; a pair of end fittings attached to opposing ends of the tubular member, each of the end fittings including a tube receiving end configured for receipt of one of the opposing ends of the tubular member and a lock receiving end configured for insertion into the second aperture that is accessible from the bed; and a pair of lock assemblies, each of the lock assemblies being configured for receipt within a respective opening of one of the stake pockets, and each of the lock assemblies configured to mate with the lock receiving end of a respective end fitting within the stake pockets at a location positioned inboard from the second aperture that is accessible from the bed, wherein each of the lock assemblies includes a locking mechanism configured to secure the lock assembly and the end fitting to the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 2. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the lock assembly includes a casing that houses a movable locking lever, the movable locking lever being movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 3. The utility bar according to claim 2, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 4. The utility bar according to claim 3, wherein the locking cylinder includes a pair of prongs that are engaged with the movable locking lever, and rotation of the prongs moves the movable locking lever between the locked and unlocked positions. 5. The utility bar according to claim 2, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 6. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the lock receiving end of the end fitting includes a boss and a pair of spaced-apart retaining flanges, each retaining flange including a proximal portion that extends away from the boss, and a distal portion that extends orthogonally outward from the proximal portion such that a slot is formed between the boss and the distal portion. 7. The utility bar according to claim 6, wherein the lock assembly includes a casing having an elongated slot formed therein, and opposing edges of the elongated slot are configured to mate with the slots formed between the boss and the distal portions of the spaced-apart retaining flanges. 8. The utility bar according to claim 1, further comprising a cleat or anchor device that is attached to the tubular member. 9. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the tubular member includes a first section telescopically received within a second section. 10. A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle, each of the stake pockets including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the utility bar comprising:
a tubular member; a pair of end fittings attached to opposing ends of the tubular member, each of the end fittings including a first end configured for receipt of one of the opposing ends of the tubular member and an opposite second end configured for insertion into the second aperture that is accessible from the bed; and a pair of retainers configured to be received within the openings of the stake pockets, each of the retainers including a movable locking lever that is movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, wherein each of the retainers is configured to mate with a respective second end of a respective end fitting within the stake pockets at a location positioned inboard from the second aperture. 11. The utility bar according to claim 9, wherein each of the retainers includes a casing that houses a locking cylinder coupled to a movable locking lever, and the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of the locking cylinder. 12. The utility bar according to claim 11, wherein the locking cylinder includes a pair of prongs that are engaged with the movable locking lever, and rotation of the prongs moves the movable locking lever between the locked and unlocked positions. 13. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein each of the retainers includes a casing that houses a depressible and rotatable button that is coupled to the movable locking lever by a rod, and the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of the button and the rod. 14. The utility bar according to claim 13, wherein the casing includes a socket that supports the button and a shoulder that is exposable upon depression of the button to enable the retainers to be removed from the stake pockets. 15. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein the second end of the end fitting includes a boss and a pair of spaced-apart retaining flanges, each of the retaining flanges including a proximal portion that extends away from the boss, and a distal portion that extends orthogonally outward from the proximal portion such that a slot is formed between the boss and the distal portion. 16. The utility bar according to claim 15, wherein the retainer includes a casing having an elongated slot formed therein, and opposing edges of the elongated slot are configured to mate with the slots formed between the boss and the distal portions of the spaced-apart retaining flanges. 17. The utility bar according to claim 10, further comprising a cleat or anchor device that is attached to the tubular member. 18. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein the tubular member includes a first section telescopically received within a second section. | A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle. Each of the stake pockets includes an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed. The utility bar includes a tubular member, a pair of end fittings attached to the tubular member, and a pair of lock assemblies positioned in the stake pockets that mate with the end fittings, wherein the lock assemblies each include a locking mechanism configured to secure the lock assembly and the end fitting to the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed.1. A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle, each of the stake pockets including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the utility bar comprising:
a tubular member; a pair of end fittings attached to opposing ends of the tubular member, each of the end fittings including a tube receiving end configured for receipt of one of the opposing ends of the tubular member and a lock receiving end configured for insertion into the second aperture that is accessible from the bed; and a pair of lock assemblies, each of the lock assemblies being configured for receipt within a respective opening of one of the stake pockets, and each of the lock assemblies configured to mate with the lock receiving end of a respective end fitting within the stake pockets at a location positioned inboard from the second aperture that is accessible from the bed, wherein each of the lock assemblies includes a locking mechanism configured to secure the lock assembly and the end fitting to the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 2. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the lock assembly includes a casing that houses a movable locking lever, the movable locking lever being movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 3. The utility bar according to claim 2, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 4. The utility bar according to claim 3, wherein the locking cylinder includes a pair of prongs that are engaged with the movable locking lever, and rotation of the prongs moves the movable locking lever between the locked and unlocked positions. 5. The utility bar according to claim 2, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 6. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the lock receiving end of the end fitting includes a boss and a pair of spaced-apart retaining flanges, each retaining flange including a proximal portion that extends away from the boss, and a distal portion that extends orthogonally outward from the proximal portion such that a slot is formed between the boss and the distal portion. 7. The utility bar according to claim 6, wherein the lock assembly includes a casing having an elongated slot formed therein, and opposing edges of the elongated slot are configured to mate with the slots formed between the boss and the distal portions of the spaced-apart retaining flanges. 8. The utility bar according to claim 1, further comprising a cleat or anchor device that is attached to the tubular member. 9. The utility bar according to claim 1, wherein the tubular member includes a first section telescopically received within a second section. 10. A utility bar configured to be secured to a pair of stake pockets formed in opposing sidewalls of a bed of a vehicle, each of the stake pockets including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the utility bar comprising:
a tubular member; a pair of end fittings attached to opposing ends of the tubular member, each of the end fittings including a first end configured for receipt of one of the opposing ends of the tubular member and an opposite second end configured for insertion into the second aperture that is accessible from the bed; and a pair of retainers configured to be received within the openings of the stake pockets, each of the retainers including a movable locking lever that is movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, wherein each of the retainers is configured to mate with a respective second end of a respective end fitting within the stake pockets at a location positioned inboard from the second aperture. 11. The utility bar according to claim 9, wherein each of the retainers includes a casing that houses a locking cylinder coupled to a movable locking lever, and the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of the locking cylinder. 12. The utility bar according to claim 11, wherein the locking cylinder includes a pair of prongs that are engaged with the movable locking lever, and rotation of the prongs moves the movable locking lever between the locked and unlocked positions. 13. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein each of the retainers includes a casing that houses a depressible and rotatable button that is coupled to the movable locking lever by a rod, and the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of the button and the rod. 14. The utility bar according to claim 13, wherein the casing includes a socket that supports the button and a shoulder that is exposable upon depression of the button to enable the retainers to be removed from the stake pockets. 15. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein the second end of the end fitting includes a boss and a pair of spaced-apart retaining flanges, each of the retaining flanges including a proximal portion that extends away from the boss, and a distal portion that extends orthogonally outward from the proximal portion such that a slot is formed between the boss and the distal portion. 16. The utility bar according to claim 15, wherein the retainer includes a casing having an elongated slot formed therein, and opposing edges of the elongated slot are configured to mate with the slots formed between the boss and the distal portions of the spaced-apart retaining flanges. 17. The utility bar according to claim 10, further comprising a cleat or anchor device that is attached to the tubular member. 18. The utility bar according to claim 10, wherein the tubular member includes a first section telescopically received within a second section. | 3,700 |
341,429 | 16,801,781 | 2,847 | A case of a semiconductor device has sidewall portions which surround sides of a metal substrate along the sides and a coating portion which covers the front surface of the metal substrate surrounded by the sidewall portions and which has through ring holes corresponding to fixing holes. Protrusions are formed on inner surfaces of the sidewall portions opposed to one another in plan view with the ring holes therebetween. The metal substrate is inserted in this way into an area surrounded by the sidewall portions of the case and is reliably fixed. Furthermore, alignment is performed with accuracy between each fixing hole of the metal substrate inserted in this way and its corresponding ring hole of the case. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a flat-plate metal substrate having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and having a plurality of through fixing holes provided at a periphery thereof, the metal substrate having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; and a case having a housing space in which the metal substrate is housed, and having:
a sidewall portion which is provided along each of side faces of the metal substrate so as to surround the metal substrate, the sidewall portion having a plurality of protrusions provided at an inner surface thereof that faces the metal substrate, and protruding from the inner surface toward the metal substrate for positioning of the metal substrate, two of the plurality of protrusions and a corresponding one of the fixing holes located therebetween being aligned in a line parallel to one of the side faces of the metal substrate; and
a coating portion which covers the metal substrate and which has a plurality of through ring holes at positions respectively corresponding to positions of the fixing holes. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the side faces of the metal substrate is in contact with a corresponding one of the protrusions so as to define respective gaps between the side faces of the metal substrate and the sidewall portion. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the gaps are each in a range of 0.05 mm to 0.9 mm. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein:
a first distance between one side to an other side facing each other of the sidewall portion of the case is greater than a second distance between two of the protrusions respectively provided on the inner surface of the one side and the other side of the sidewall portion, and a difference between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or less than 0.6 mm. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a total length of the two protrusions protruding from the inner surface is equal to or less than 0.6 mm. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the second distance between the two of the protrusions is equal to or greater than a length of the metal substrate measured between the two of the protrusions. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein a difference between the second distance and the length of the metal substrate is in a range of 0 mm to 0.3 mm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the side faces of the metal substrate adhere to the sidewall portion of the case with an adhesive filling the gaps therebetween. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions has a taper at a side facing the metal substrate. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the back surface of the metal substrate includes a dull surface at a periphery thereof. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing holes are respectively provided at each of four corners of the metal substrate, and the ring holes are respectively provided in the coating portion at positions so as to correspond to the fixing holes. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the protrusions include a central protrusion provided at one side of the sidewall portion between two sides that face each other and are orthogonal to the one side of the sidewall portion. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing holes include a central fixing hole provided at the periphery of the metal substrate between two side faces of the metal substrate that face each other, and the ring holes include a central ring hole provided in the coating portion at a position corresponding to the central fixing hole. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the protrusions include two central protrusions protruding respectively from sides of the sidewall portion that are parallel to the two side faces of the metal substrate between which the central fixing hole is provided. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the protrusions each have a semicircle shape or a spire shape in a cross-sectional view parallel to the front surface of the metal substrate, and each include a curved surface at a side facing the metal substrate. 16. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
preparing
a flat-plate metal substrate having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and having a plurality of through fixing holes provided at a periphery thereof; and
a case having a housing space therein, and including
a sidewall portion that is provided along each of side faces of the metal substrate so as to surround the metal substrate, the sidewall portion having a plurality of protrusions provided at an inner surface thereof that faces the metal substrate, and protrudes from the inner surface toward the metal substrate for positioning the metal substrate, two of the plurality of protrusions and a corresponding one of the fixing holes located therebetween being aligned in a line parallel to one of the side faces of the metal substrate; and
a coating portion which covers the housing space and which has a plurality of through ring holes; and
inserting the metal substrate into the housing space so that the protrusions support the side faces of the metal substrate. 17. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the inserting of the metal substrate into the housing space includes causing the side faces of the metal substrate to contact the protrusions so as to define respective gaps between the side faces of the metal substrate and the sidewall portion. 18. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the inserting of the metal substrate into the housing space includes press-fitting the metal substrate into the housing space, thereby holding the side faces of the metal substrate by at least two of the protrusions that face each other, between which the metal substrate is disposed. 19. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein a distance between two of the protrusions respectively provided on one side and an other side of the sidewall portion is equal to or greater than a length of the metal substrate disposed between the two of the protrusions. 20. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein a difference between the distance between the two of the protrusions and the length of the metal substrate is in a range of 0 mm to 0.3 mm. | A case of a semiconductor device has sidewall portions which surround sides of a metal substrate along the sides and a coating portion which covers the front surface of the metal substrate surrounded by the sidewall portions and which has through ring holes corresponding to fixing holes. Protrusions are formed on inner surfaces of the sidewall portions opposed to one another in plan view with the ring holes therebetween. The metal substrate is inserted in this way into an area surrounded by the sidewall portions of the case and is reliably fixed. Furthermore, alignment is performed with accuracy between each fixing hole of the metal substrate inserted in this way and its corresponding ring hole of the case.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a flat-plate metal substrate having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and having a plurality of through fixing holes provided at a periphery thereof, the metal substrate having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; and a case having a housing space in which the metal substrate is housed, and having:
a sidewall portion which is provided along each of side faces of the metal substrate so as to surround the metal substrate, the sidewall portion having a plurality of protrusions provided at an inner surface thereof that faces the metal substrate, and protruding from the inner surface toward the metal substrate for positioning of the metal substrate, two of the plurality of protrusions and a corresponding one of the fixing holes located therebetween being aligned in a line parallel to one of the side faces of the metal substrate; and
a coating portion which covers the metal substrate and which has a plurality of through ring holes at positions respectively corresponding to positions of the fixing holes. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the side faces of the metal substrate is in contact with a corresponding one of the protrusions so as to define respective gaps between the side faces of the metal substrate and the sidewall portion. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the gaps are each in a range of 0.05 mm to 0.9 mm. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein:
a first distance between one side to an other side facing each other of the sidewall portion of the case is greater than a second distance between two of the protrusions respectively provided on the inner surface of the one side and the other side of the sidewall portion, and a difference between the first distance and the second distance is equal to or less than 0.6 mm. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a total length of the two protrusions protruding from the inner surface is equal to or less than 0.6 mm. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the second distance between the two of the protrusions is equal to or greater than a length of the metal substrate measured between the two of the protrusions. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein a difference between the second distance and the length of the metal substrate is in a range of 0 mm to 0.3 mm. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the side faces of the metal substrate adhere to the sidewall portion of the case with an adhesive filling the gaps therebetween. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein each of the protrusions has a taper at a side facing the metal substrate. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the back surface of the metal substrate includes a dull surface at a periphery thereof. 11. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing holes are respectively provided at each of four corners of the metal substrate, and the ring holes are respectively provided in the coating portion at positions so as to correspond to the fixing holes. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the protrusions include a central protrusion provided at one side of the sidewall portion between two sides that face each other and are orthogonal to the one side of the sidewall portion. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing holes include a central fixing hole provided at the periphery of the metal substrate between two side faces of the metal substrate that face each other, and the ring holes include a central ring hole provided in the coating portion at a position corresponding to the central fixing hole. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein the protrusions include two central protrusions protruding respectively from sides of the sidewall portion that are parallel to the two side faces of the metal substrate between which the central fixing hole is provided. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein
the protrusions each have a semicircle shape or a spire shape in a cross-sectional view parallel to the front surface of the metal substrate, and each include a curved surface at a side facing the metal substrate. 16. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising:
preparing
a flat-plate metal substrate having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and having a plurality of through fixing holes provided at a periphery thereof; and
a case having a housing space therein, and including
a sidewall portion that is provided along each of side faces of the metal substrate so as to surround the metal substrate, the sidewall portion having a plurality of protrusions provided at an inner surface thereof that faces the metal substrate, and protrudes from the inner surface toward the metal substrate for positioning the metal substrate, two of the plurality of protrusions and a corresponding one of the fixing holes located therebetween being aligned in a line parallel to one of the side faces of the metal substrate; and
a coating portion which covers the housing space and which has a plurality of through ring holes; and
inserting the metal substrate into the housing space so that the protrusions support the side faces of the metal substrate. 17. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein the inserting of the metal substrate into the housing space includes causing the side faces of the metal substrate to contact the protrusions so as to define respective gaps between the side faces of the metal substrate and the sidewall portion. 18. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 17, wherein the inserting of the metal substrate into the housing space includes press-fitting the metal substrate into the housing space, thereby holding the side faces of the metal substrate by at least two of the protrusions that face each other, between which the metal substrate is disposed. 19. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein a distance between two of the protrusions respectively provided on one side and an other side of the sidewall portion is equal to or greater than a length of the metal substrate disposed between the two of the protrusions. 20. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein a difference between the distance between the two of the protrusions and the length of the metal substrate is in a range of 0 mm to 0.3 mm. | 2,800 |
341,430 | 16,801,753 | 2,847 | A skate including a tongue mounted to a boot of the skate. The tongue has an upper end and a lower end, and a medial edge and a lateral edge, and a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extends between the upper and lower ends and is spaced equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges. The longitudinal center axis divides the tongue into a medial segment and a lateral segment. The medial and lateral segments are asymmetrical about the longitudinal center axis. | 1. A skate for a foot of a wearer, the foot having a top surface, a bottom surface, a medial side, and a lateral side, the skate comprising:
a boot having a shell with a bottom portion shaped to enclose the bottom surface of the foot, a lateral side portion shaped to enclose the lateral side of the foot, and a medial side portion shaped to enclose the medial side of the foot, the boot including a toe portion to cover toes of the wearer; and a tongue engaged to the boot and extending along a length between an upper end of the tongue and a lower end of the tongue adjacent to the toe portion of the boot, the tongue having a medial edge adjacent to the medial side portion of the shell and a lateral edge adjacent to the lateral side portion of the shell, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced equidistantly between the medial and lateral edges at at least one point of the length of the tongue, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment having a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and a lateral segment having a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at said point on the longitudinal center axis. 2. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the lateral segment width is greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 3. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of the wearer. 4. The skate as defined in claim 3, wherein the medial segment width is defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 5. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue further comprises a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis, the tab being positionable between the top surface of the foot and an underside of the lateral side portion of the shell. 6. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue includes a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis. 7. The skate as defined in claim 6, wherein the folding zone is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis above the top surface of the foot and in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of the foot. 8. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue has an inner surface to face towards the top surface of the foot, and an exposed outer surface, the tongue further comprising a protrusion extending from the inner surface towards the top surface of the foot, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment of the tongue to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of the foot of the wearer. 9. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the skate is an ice skate and the shell of the boot is more rigid than the tongue. 10. A tongue adapted to be mounted within a boot of a skate, the tongue comprising:
an upper end and a lower end, and a medial edge and a lateral edge, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment having a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and a lateral segment having a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 11. The tongue as defined in claim 10, wherein the lateral segment width is greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 12. The tongue as defined in claim 10, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of a wearer of the skate. 13. The tongue as defined in claim 12, wherein the medial segment width is defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 14. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis. 15. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis. 16. The tongue as defined in claim 15, wherein the folding zone is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of a foot. 17. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising an inner surface and an exposed outer surface, and a protrusion extending away from the inner surface, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of a foot. 18. A skate boot comprising a shell defining a foot receiving portion and a tongue mounted within the boot, the tongue including an upper end, a lower end, a medial edge and a lateral edge, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced substantially equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment and a lateral segment, the medial and lateral segments being asymmetrical about the longitudinal center axis. 19. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the medial segment has a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and the lateral segment has a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis, the lateral segment width being greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 20. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of a wearer of the skate, the medial segment width being defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 21. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis. 22. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis, the folding zone being disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of a foot. 23. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising an inner surface and an exposed outer surface, and a protrusion extending away from the inner surface, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of a foot, the protrusion being disposed on the lateral segment at a position less than 50% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. 24. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the tongue has at least one comfort feature disposed thereon, the at least one comfort feature including a tab on the lateral segment at a first location of the tongue adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly away from the lateral edge, the tab being disposed on the lateral segment at a position greater than 50% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. 25. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the tongue has at least one comfort feature disposed thereon, the at least one comfort feature including a recessed segment disposed on the medial segment at a third location of the tongue, the recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the lateral edge than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of the wearer. 26. The skate as defined in claim 25, wherein the recessed segment is disposed on the medial segment at a position between 40% and 90% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. | A skate including a tongue mounted to a boot of the skate. The tongue has an upper end and a lower end, and a medial edge and a lateral edge, and a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extends between the upper and lower ends and is spaced equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges. The longitudinal center axis divides the tongue into a medial segment and a lateral segment. The medial and lateral segments are asymmetrical about the longitudinal center axis.1. A skate for a foot of a wearer, the foot having a top surface, a bottom surface, a medial side, and a lateral side, the skate comprising:
a boot having a shell with a bottom portion shaped to enclose the bottom surface of the foot, a lateral side portion shaped to enclose the lateral side of the foot, and a medial side portion shaped to enclose the medial side of the foot, the boot including a toe portion to cover toes of the wearer; and a tongue engaged to the boot and extending along a length between an upper end of the tongue and a lower end of the tongue adjacent to the toe portion of the boot, the tongue having a medial edge adjacent to the medial side portion of the shell and a lateral edge adjacent to the lateral side portion of the shell, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced equidistantly between the medial and lateral edges at at least one point of the length of the tongue, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment having a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and a lateral segment having a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at said point on the longitudinal center axis. 2. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the lateral segment width is greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 3. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of the wearer. 4. The skate as defined in claim 3, wherein the medial segment width is defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 5. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue further comprises a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis, the tab being positionable between the top surface of the foot and an underside of the lateral side portion of the shell. 6. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue includes a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis. 7. The skate as defined in claim 6, wherein the folding zone is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis above the top surface of the foot and in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of the foot. 8. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the tongue has an inner surface to face towards the top surface of the foot, and an exposed outer surface, the tongue further comprising a protrusion extending from the inner surface towards the top surface of the foot, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment of the tongue to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of the foot of the wearer. 9. The skate as defined in claim 1, wherein the skate is an ice skate and the shell of the boot is more rigid than the tongue. 10. A tongue adapted to be mounted within a boot of a skate, the tongue comprising:
an upper end and a lower end, and a medial edge and a lateral edge, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment having a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and a lateral segment having a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 11. The tongue as defined in claim 10, wherein the lateral segment width is greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 12. The tongue as defined in claim 10, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of a wearer of the skate. 13. The tongue as defined in claim 12, wherein the medial segment width is defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 14. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis. 15. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis. 16. The tongue as defined in claim 15, wherein the folding zone is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of a foot. 17. The tongue as defined in claim 10, further comprising an inner surface and an exposed outer surface, and a protrusion extending away from the inner surface, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of a foot. 18. A skate boot comprising a shell defining a foot receiving portion and a tongue mounted within the boot, the tongue including an upper end, a lower end, a medial edge and a lateral edge, a longitudinal center axis of the tongue extending between the upper and lower ends and spaced substantially equidistantly between segments of the medial and lateral edges, the longitudinal center axis dividing the tongue into a medial segment and a lateral segment, the medial and lateral segments being asymmetrical about the longitudinal center axis. 19. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the medial segment has a medial segment width defined from a point on the longitudinal center axis to the medial edge, and the lateral segment has a lateral segment width defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the lateral edge, the lateral segment width being different from the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis, the lateral segment width being greater than the medial segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 20. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the medial edge of the tongue has a recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the longitudinal center axis than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of a wearer of the skate, the medial segment width being defined from the point on the longitudinal center axis to the recessed medial edge, the medial segment width being less than the lateral segment width at the point on the longitudinal center axis. 21. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising a tab disposed on the lateral segment adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly from the lateral edge in a direction away from the longitudinal center axis. 22. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising a folding zone extending between the medial and lateral edges and defining a folding axis being transverse to the longitudinal center axis, the upper and lower ends of the tongue being foldable towards one another about the folding axis, the folding zone being disposed between the upper and lower ends of the tongue to position the folding axis in alignment with a dorsiflexion-plantarflexion axis of a foot. 23. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, further comprising an inner surface and an exposed outer surface, and a protrusion extending away from the inner surface, the protrusion being positioned on the lateral segment to overlay a portion of lateral metatarsals of a foot, the protrusion being disposed on the lateral segment at a position less than 50% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. 24. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the tongue has at least one comfort feature disposed thereon, the at least one comfort feature including a tab on the lateral segment at a first location of the tongue adjacent to the upper end of the tongue, the tab extending outwardly away from the lateral edge, the tab being disposed on the lateral segment at a position greater than 50% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. 25. The skate boot as defined in claim 18, wherein the tongue has at least one comfort feature disposed thereon, the at least one comfort feature including a recessed segment disposed on the medial segment at a third location of the tongue, the recessed segment having a recessed medial edge, the recessed medial edge being closer to the lateral edge than a remainder of the medial edge, the recessed medial edge delimiting a void shaped to receive therein at least a portion of medial malleolus of the wearer. 26. The skate as defined in claim 25, wherein the recessed segment is disposed on the medial segment at a position between 40% and 90% of the length of the tongue measured from the lower end. | 2,800 |
341,431 | 16,801,751 | 2,847 | In an inkjet printing system, an actuator that is associated with a nozzle of a printing element is controlled in a normal operating mode, given a non-defective nozzle, to implement at least one standard refresh measure if the time period in which the actuator is not activated to output an ink droplet exceeds a preset limit value. After detection of a defective nozzle, the actuator is controlled in an error operating mode to implement at least one intensified refresh measure. | 1. A method for controlling an actuator of an inkjet printing system, comprising:
in a normal operating mode, controlling at least one actuator associated with a printing element, based on a print image to be generated, to output an ink droplet from a nozzle of the printing element at a predetermined point to be inked on a recording medium; with a non-defective nozzle, controlling the actuator in the normal operating mode to implement at least one refresh measure in response to a time period in which the actuator has not been activated to output an ink droplet exceeding a preset limit value; and in response to a detection of a defective nozzle, controlling the actuator to implement at least one intensified refresh measure in an error operating mode. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling of the actuator with a non-defective nozzle in the normal operating mode to output ink droplets from the nozzle of the printing element comprises: depending on print data of the print image to be generated, outputting an ink droplet having a first volume or having at least a second volume from the nozzle, the first volume is smaller than the second volume such that a larger point is inked on the recording medium with an ink droplet having the second volume than with the an ink droplet having the first volume, or is inked via an ejection of two ink droplets having the first volume. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator is controlled with pulsed signals, wherein:
ink droplets are ejected from the nozzle in response to the pulsed signal being an ejection signal, and an ink meniscus at an output of the nozzle vibrates without ejection of the ink droplet in response to the pulsed signal being a vibration signal, wherein the vibration signal are adjustable with respect to: pulse amplitudes, a proportion of the pulse amplitudes above an amplitude threshold, a mean pulse width, and/or a number of pulses within a signal duration. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one refresh measure comprises at least one of:
controlling the actuator with a vibration signal preset for the normal operating mode, and/or controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet having the first volume such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of print data; controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the first volume such that the output ink droplet inks an already printed point of the print image to be generated on the recording medium depending on the print data, wherein the already inked point has been inked with a first color, and the ink droplet has a second color differing from the first color; and controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the first volume, wherein the ink droplet inks a predetermined point outside of the print image to be generated. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the at least one intensified refresh measure comprises at least one of:
controlling the actuator with a vibration signal preset for the error operating mode, wherein, comparison to the vibration signal of the normal operating mode, the vibration signal of the error operating mode has: higher pulse amplitudes, a greater proportion of pulse amplitudes above an amplitude threshold, higher mean pulse widths, and/or a greater number of pulses within the signal duration and/or a higher frequency; controlling the actuator to output at least one first and at least one second ink droplet, such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of the print data; controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet with the second volume, such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of the print data; controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet with second volume, such that the output ink droplet inks an already inked point of the print image to be generated on the recording medium depending on the print data, wherein the already inked point has been inked with a first color, and the ink droplet has a second color differing from the first color; and controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the second volume, wherein the ink droplet inks a predetermined point outside of the print image to be generated. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the defect of the nozzle is detected in response to the position of the inked point on the recording medium deviating from a predetermined position, and/or in response to a size of the inked point deviating from a predetermined size, and/or if a point to be inked has not been inked. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the control of the actuator is changed from the normal operating mode to the error operating mode in response to a detection that the nozzle is defective, and the control of the actuator is changed back from the error operating mode to the normal operating mode in response to a detection that the nozzle is no longer defective. 8. The method according to claim 4, further comprising generating an error signal using a sensor and outputting the error signal to a controller at a point in time of detection of a defect of the nozzle, wherein: the controller outputs an error information, the controller terminates a print process, and the controller activates a cleaning process to clean the defective nozzle. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein, in the error operating mode, a point to be inked of a recording medium is inked, or is partially inked, by the printing element based on the print data, wherein a second actuator is controlled to output an ink droplet having the second volume. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored thereon, that when executed, instructs a processor to perform the method of claim 1. 11. An inkjet printing system, comprising:
at least one actuator associated with a nozzle of a printing element; and a controller configured to control the at least one actuator to:
output an ink droplet from the nozzle of the printing element;
in a normal operating mode, output the ink droplet at a predetermined point to be inked of a recording medium based on a print image to be generated;
given a non-defective nozzle, in a normal operating mode, implement at least one refresh measure in response to a time period in which the at least one actuator has not been activated to output an ink droplet exceeds a preset limit value; and
after detection of a defective nozzle, in an error operating mode, implement at least one intensified refresh measure. | In an inkjet printing system, an actuator that is associated with a nozzle of a printing element is controlled in a normal operating mode, given a non-defective nozzle, to implement at least one standard refresh measure if the time period in which the actuator is not activated to output an ink droplet exceeds a preset limit value. After detection of a defective nozzle, the actuator is controlled in an error operating mode to implement at least one intensified refresh measure.1. A method for controlling an actuator of an inkjet printing system, comprising:
in a normal operating mode, controlling at least one actuator associated with a printing element, based on a print image to be generated, to output an ink droplet from a nozzle of the printing element at a predetermined point to be inked on a recording medium; with a non-defective nozzle, controlling the actuator in the normal operating mode to implement at least one refresh measure in response to a time period in which the actuator has not been activated to output an ink droplet exceeding a preset limit value; and in response to a detection of a defective nozzle, controlling the actuator to implement at least one intensified refresh measure in an error operating mode. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling of the actuator with a non-defective nozzle in the normal operating mode to output ink droplets from the nozzle of the printing element comprises: depending on print data of the print image to be generated, outputting an ink droplet having a first volume or having at least a second volume from the nozzle, the first volume is smaller than the second volume such that a larger point is inked on the recording medium with an ink droplet having the second volume than with the an ink droplet having the first volume, or is inked via an ejection of two ink droplets having the first volume. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator is controlled with pulsed signals, wherein:
ink droplets are ejected from the nozzle in response to the pulsed signal being an ejection signal, and an ink meniscus at an output of the nozzle vibrates without ejection of the ink droplet in response to the pulsed signal being a vibration signal, wherein the vibration signal are adjustable with respect to: pulse amplitudes, a proportion of the pulse amplitudes above an amplitude threshold, a mean pulse width, and/or a number of pulses within a signal duration. 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one refresh measure comprises at least one of:
controlling the actuator with a vibration signal preset for the normal operating mode, and/or controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet having the first volume such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of print data; controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the first volume such that the output ink droplet inks an already printed point of the print image to be generated on the recording medium depending on the print data, wherein the already inked point has been inked with a first color, and the ink droplet has a second color differing from the first color; and controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the first volume, wherein the ink droplet inks a predetermined point outside of the print image to be generated. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the at least one intensified refresh measure comprises at least one of:
controlling the actuator with a vibration signal preset for the error operating mode, wherein, comparison to the vibration signal of the normal operating mode, the vibration signal of the error operating mode has: higher pulse amplitudes, a greater proportion of pulse amplitudes above an amplitude threshold, higher mean pulse widths, and/or a greater number of pulses within the signal duration and/or a higher frequency; controlling the actuator to output at least one first and at least one second ink droplet, such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of the print data; controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet with the second volume, such that the output ink droplet inks a randomly selected point of the print image on the recording medium, independently of the print data; controlling the actuator to output at least one ink droplet with second volume, such that the output ink droplet inks an already inked point of the print image to be generated on the recording medium depending on the print data, wherein the already inked point has been inked with a first color, and the ink droplet has a second color differing from the first color; and controlling the actuator to output an ink droplet having the second volume, wherein the ink droplet inks a predetermined point outside of the print image to be generated. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the defect of the nozzle is detected in response to the position of the inked point on the recording medium deviating from a predetermined position, and/or in response to a size of the inked point deviating from a predetermined size, and/or if a point to be inked has not been inked. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the control of the actuator is changed from the normal operating mode to the error operating mode in response to a detection that the nozzle is defective, and the control of the actuator is changed back from the error operating mode to the normal operating mode in response to a detection that the nozzle is no longer defective. 8. The method according to claim 4, further comprising generating an error signal using a sensor and outputting the error signal to a controller at a point in time of detection of a defect of the nozzle, wherein: the controller outputs an error information, the controller terminates a print process, and the controller activates a cleaning process to clean the defective nozzle. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein, in the error operating mode, a point to be inked of a recording medium is inked, or is partially inked, by the printing element based on the print data, wherein a second actuator is controlled to output an ink droplet having the second volume. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored thereon, that when executed, instructs a processor to perform the method of claim 1. 11. An inkjet printing system, comprising:
at least one actuator associated with a nozzle of a printing element; and a controller configured to control the at least one actuator to:
output an ink droplet from the nozzle of the printing element;
in a normal operating mode, output the ink droplet at a predetermined point to be inked of a recording medium based on a print image to be generated;
given a non-defective nozzle, in a normal operating mode, implement at least one refresh measure in response to a time period in which the at least one actuator has not been activated to output an ink droplet exceeds a preset limit value; and
after detection of a defective nozzle, in an error operating mode, implement at least one intensified refresh measure. | 2,800 |
341,432 | 16,801,755 | 2,847 | An indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack is received. Properties of the message are extracted. The extracted properties of the message are provided as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack. The determined likelihood is utilized to handle a security response associated with the message. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack; extracting properties of the message; providing the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and utilizing the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cybersecurity attack is a phishing attack. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes reporting the determined likelihood to a security analyst. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes initiating an automated security workflow based at least in part on the is determined likelihood. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes initiating, based at least in part on the determined likelihood, a security workflow that is performed at least in part by a security analyst. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the security response includes disposal or quarantine of the message. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is received over a network. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the message in a storage that is separate from any storage utilized by the recipient user. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood includes comparing the determined likelihood to a specified threshold likelihood. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained using historical messages received by the recipient user or members of an organization to which the recipient user belongs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained with a training goal of reaching a specified threshold of correct classification of messages associated with true cybersecurity attacks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained with a training goal of reaching a specified threshold of correct classification of legitimate messages. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is an artificial neural network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood includes initiating a specified security response in response to a determination that the determined likelihood reaches a specified threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include existences of specified keywords or keyword parts in the message. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include a count of at least one of the following: Uniform Resource Locators in the message, hyperlinks in the message, or number is of dots in one or more hostnames of Uniform Resource Locators in the message. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include at least one of the following dates associated with an Internet domain in the message: a creation date, an update date, or an expiration date. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include whether an Internet protocol address is included in a Uniform Resource Locator in the message. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack;
extract properties of the message;
provide the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and
utilize the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 20. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack; extracting properties of the message; providing the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and utilizing the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message. | An indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack is received. Properties of the message are extracted. The extracted properties of the message are provided as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack. The determined likelihood is utilized to handle a security response associated with the message.1. A method, comprising:
receiving an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack; extracting properties of the message; providing the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and utilizing the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cybersecurity attack is a phishing attack. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes reporting the determined likelihood to a security analyst. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes initiating an automated security workflow based at least in part on the is determined likelihood. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood to handle the security response includes initiating, based at least in part on the determined likelihood, a security workflow that is performed at least in part by a security analyst. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the security response includes disposal or quarantine of the message. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is received over a network. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the message in a storage that is separate from any storage utilized by the recipient user. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood includes comparing the determined likelihood to a specified threshold likelihood. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained using historical messages received by the recipient user or members of an organization to which the recipient user belongs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained with a training goal of reaching a specified threshold of correct classification of messages associated with true cybersecurity attacks. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model has been trained with a training goal of reaching a specified threshold of correct classification of legitimate messages. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is an artificial neural network. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the determined likelihood includes initiating a specified security response in response to a determination that the determined likelihood reaches a specified threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include existences of specified keywords or keyword parts in the message. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include a count of at least one of the following: Uniform Resource Locators in the message, hyperlinks in the message, or number is of dots in one or more hostnames of Uniform Resource Locators in the message. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include at least one of the following dates associated with an Internet domain in the message: a creation date, an update date, or an expiration date. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted properties include whether an Internet protocol address is included in a Uniform Resource Locator in the message. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
receive an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack;
extract properties of the message;
provide the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and
utilize the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 20. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
receiving an indication of a message that was identified by a recipient user of the message as being associated with a cybersecurity attack; extracting properties of the message; providing the extracted properties of the message as inputs to a machine learning model to determine a likelihood the message is associated with a true cybersecurity attack; and utilizing the determined likelihood to handle a security response associated with the message. | 2,800 |
341,433 | 16,801,757 | 2,847 | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold. | 1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold.1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | 2,800 |
341,434 | 16,801,779 | 2,847 | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold. | 1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold.1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | 2,800 |
341,435 | 16,801,775 | 2,847 | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold. | 1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | A battery system includes a container including a first outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit. The measurement unit measures the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold.1. A battery system comprising:
a container including a first outlet and a second outlet; a power generation element contained in the container and disposed inside the container; a measurement unit that measures a gas concentration inside the container; a first opening and closing unit connected to the first outlet; a second opening and closing unit connected to the second outlet; and a control unit that controls the first opening and closing unit and the second opening and closing unit, wherein the measurement unit measures a first gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the first opening and closing unit is in a closed state, wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to an open state after the first gas concentration has exceeded a first threshold, wherein the measurement unit measures a second gas concentration which is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in a closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state after the second gas concentration has exceeded a second threshold. 2. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit is in the closed state and the first opening and closing unit is in the open state. 3. The battery system according to claim 2,
wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has be not greater than the second threshold. 4. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the first gas concentration has be not greater than the first threshold. 5. The battery system according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas concentration is the gas concentration while the second opening and closing unit and the first opening and closing unit are in the closed state, and wherein the control unit sets the second opening and closing unit to an open state and sets the first opening and closing unit to the closed state after the second gas concentration has exceeded the second threshold. 6. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an injection unit, wherein the container includes an inlet, wherein the injection unit injects a reference gas into an inside of the container through the inlet, wherein the control unit controls the injection unit, and wherein the control unit causes the injection unit to inject the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 7. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit opens and closes the first opening and closing unit a plurality of times while the injection unit injects the reference gas into the inside of the container through the inlet. 8. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the injection unit includes a reference gas source, an injection path, and an injection assistance unit, wherein the reference gas is supplied from the reference gas source, wherein a first end of the injection path is connected to the reference gas source, wherein a second end of the injection path is connected to the inlet, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure of the injection path a positive pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the injection assistance unit. 9. The battery system according to claim 6,
wherein the reference gas is a dehumidified gas or an inert gas. 10. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first discharge path; and a first gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the first discharge path is connected to the first opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the first discharge path is connected to the first gas storage unit. 11. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a first gas discharge unit, wherein the first gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet, wherein the control unit controls the first gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the first gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet after the first opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. 12. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the first gas storage unit is a first gas storage tank, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the first gas storage tank a negative pressure with respect to a pressure inside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 13. The battery system according to claim 10, further comprising:
a discharge assistance unit, wherein the control unit controls the discharge assistance unit, and wherein the control unit makes a pressure inside the container a negative pressure with respect to a pressure outside the container by using the discharge assistance unit. 14. The battery system according to claim 11, further comprising:
a reactant introducing unit, wherein the reactant introducing unit introduces a reactant that reacts with the gas into the first gas storage unit, wherein the control unit controls the reactant introducing unit, and wherein the control unit causes the reactant introducing unit to introduce the reactant into the first gas storage unit after the first gas discharge unit has discharged the gas to the first gas storage unit through the first outlet. 15. The battery system according to claim 10,
wherein the first gas storage unit includes the reactant that reacts with the gas. 16. The battery system according to claim 14,
wherein the power generation element includes a sulfide-based material, wherein the gas is hydrogen sulfide generated from the sulfide-based material, and wherein the reactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, a copper(II) sulfate aqueous solution, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. The battery system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second discharge path; and a second gas storage unit, wherein a first end of the second discharge path is connected to the second opening and closing unit, and wherein a second end of the second discharge path is connected to the second gas storage unit. 18. The battery system according to claim 17, further comprising:
a second gas discharge unit, wherein the second gas discharge unit discharges the gas inside the container to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet, wherein the control unit controls the second gas discharge unit, and wherein the control unit causes the second gas discharge unit to discharge the gas to the second gas storage unit through the second outlet after the second opening and closing unit has been set to the open state. | 2,800 |
341,436 | 16,801,791 | 2,847 | A variable aperture device is described that includes a casing, a base with a light transmission hole, conductive terminals on the base, a terminal connecting portion, a shape memory metal wire, a movable portion, and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion. One end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion and the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft. A side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire. A side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion and the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal. | 1. A variable aperture device comprising:
a casing; a base; conductive terminals; a terminal connecting portion; a shape memory metal wire; a movable portion; and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion, wherein the base is formed with a light transmission hole, the conductive terminals are disposed on the base, one end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion, the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft, a side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft being connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire, a side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft being connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion, the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal, and the shape memory metal wire and the terminal connecting portion are connected to the movable portion to form an electric circuit. 2. The variable aperture device according claim 1, wherein:
the movable portion and the driven portion are rotatably connected by a connecting portion, one end of the connecting portion is connected and fixed to the movable portion, an end portion of the driven portion is provided with a sliding groove, other end of the connecting portion is formed with a protrusion, the protrusion being disposed in the sliding groove, and the protrusion slides along the sliding groove with the rotation of the movable portion. 3. The variable aperture device according claim 2, wherein the sliding groove is L-shaped. 4. The variable aperture device according claim 1, further comprising a supporting portion, wherein
one end of the supporting portion is rotatably connected to one end of the movable portion and fixed to the base to support the movable portion. 5. The variable aperture device according to claim 4, wherein the supporting potion comprises a first rotating shaft bearing hole and the supporting portion is connected to the movable portion via the first rotating shaft bearing hole and the first rotating shaft. 6. The variable aperture device according to claim 5, wherein
the supporting portion comprises a second rotating shaft bearing hole, the driven portion is connected to the base via the second rotating shaft, and the supporting portion is connected to the driven portion via the second rotating shaft bearing hole and the second rotating shaft. 7. The variable aperture device according to claim 1, wherein
the terminal connecting portion comprises a first terminal connecting portion and a second terminal connecting portion that are electrically insulated, the one end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the first terminal connecting portion, and the elastic structure of the second terminal connecting portion is connected to the movable portion. 8. The variable aperture device according to claim 1, wherein:
the movable portion comprises a first arc-shaped main body portion, the driven portion comprises a second arc-shaped main body portion, the first arc-shaped main body portion and the second arc-shaped main body portion are overlapped corresponding to each other, and when the movable portion and the driven portion move facing each other, an aperture with a variable diameter is formed between the first arc-shaped main body portion and the second arc-shaped main body portion. 9. A camera device comprising the variable aperture device according to claim 1. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising the camera device according to claim 9. | A variable aperture device is described that includes a casing, a base with a light transmission hole, conductive terminals on the base, a terminal connecting portion, a shape memory metal wire, a movable portion, and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion. One end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion and the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft. A side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire. A side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft is connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion and the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal.1. A variable aperture device comprising:
a casing; a base; conductive terminals; a terminal connecting portion; a shape memory metal wire; a movable portion; and a driven portion for forming an aperture together with the movable portion, wherein the base is formed with a light transmission hole, the conductive terminals are disposed on the base, one end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the terminal connecting portion, the movable portion is connected to the base via a first rotating shaft, a side of the movable portion far from the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft being connected to other end of the shape memory metal wire, a side of the movable portion near the light transmission hole around the first rotating shaft being connected to an elastic structure of the terminal connecting portion, the terminal connecting portion is attached to the conductive terminal, and the shape memory metal wire and the terminal connecting portion are connected to the movable portion to form an electric circuit. 2. The variable aperture device according claim 1, wherein:
the movable portion and the driven portion are rotatably connected by a connecting portion, one end of the connecting portion is connected and fixed to the movable portion, an end portion of the driven portion is provided with a sliding groove, other end of the connecting portion is formed with a protrusion, the protrusion being disposed in the sliding groove, and the protrusion slides along the sliding groove with the rotation of the movable portion. 3. The variable aperture device according claim 2, wherein the sliding groove is L-shaped. 4. The variable aperture device according claim 1, further comprising a supporting portion, wherein
one end of the supporting portion is rotatably connected to one end of the movable portion and fixed to the base to support the movable portion. 5. The variable aperture device according to claim 4, wherein the supporting potion comprises a first rotating shaft bearing hole and the supporting portion is connected to the movable portion via the first rotating shaft bearing hole and the first rotating shaft. 6. The variable aperture device according to claim 5, wherein
the supporting portion comprises a second rotating shaft bearing hole, the driven portion is connected to the base via the second rotating shaft, and the supporting portion is connected to the driven portion via the second rotating shaft bearing hole and the second rotating shaft. 7. The variable aperture device according to claim 1, wherein
the terminal connecting portion comprises a first terminal connecting portion and a second terminal connecting portion that are electrically insulated, the one end of the shape memory metal wire is connected to the first terminal connecting portion, and the elastic structure of the second terminal connecting portion is connected to the movable portion. 8. The variable aperture device according to claim 1, wherein:
the movable portion comprises a first arc-shaped main body portion, the driven portion comprises a second arc-shaped main body portion, the first arc-shaped main body portion and the second arc-shaped main body portion are overlapped corresponding to each other, and when the movable portion and the driven portion move facing each other, an aperture with a variable diameter is formed between the first arc-shaped main body portion and the second arc-shaped main body portion. 9. A camera device comprising the variable aperture device according to claim 1. 10. An electronic apparatus comprising the camera device according to claim 9. | 2,800 |
341,437 | 16,801,799 | 2,831 | The present disclosure relates to electronic cigarettes having vaporizer assembly with “U” shaped air path and methods of using the same. The electronic cigarette includes: mouthpiece assembly, electronic cigarette body, E-liquid storage tank having a negative air pressure cavity and a number of airflow channels forming “U” shaped air path, and the vaporizer assembly. The vaporizer assembly includes: one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and one or more heating elements. The elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through negative air pressure activated switch. When a user sucks air from mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the heating elements, and the heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path. | 1. A vaporizer assembly having a “U” shaped air path, comprising:
an E-liquid storage tank, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, a negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming the “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity;
one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity; and
one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage tank, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through a negative air pressure activated switch,
wherein when a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and deliver vaporized E-liquid to the user through the “U” shaped air path. 2. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of an electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel; and
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 3. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply. 4. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
aluminum (Al); Chromium (Cr); Manganese (Mn); Iron (Fe); Cobalt (Co); Nickel (Ni); Copper (Cu); Zirconium (Zr); Niobium (Nb); Molybdenum (Mo); Rhenium (Re); Silver (Ag); Cadmium (Cd); Tantalum (Ta); Tungsten (W); Iridium (Ir); Platinum (Pt); Gold (Au); and alloys thereof. 5. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
a grid shaped heating element; a mesh shaped heating element; a net shaped heating element; a spiral heating element; and any combination thereof. 6. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media comprises at least one of:
cotton fibers; polypropylene fibers; terylene fibers; nylon fibers; porous ceramic materials; and any combination thereof. 7. An electronic cigarette comprising the vaporizer assembly of claim 1. 8. An electronic cigarette comprising:
an electronic cigarette body having a top end, a bottom end and a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the electronic cigarette body; a mouthpiece assembly positioned on the top end of the electronic cigarette body; an E-liquid storage tank positioned inside of the electronic cigarette body, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, a negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming a “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity; and a vaporizer assembly wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises: one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity, one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage cavity, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through a negative air pressure activated switch, wherein when a user sucks air from the mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path. 9. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply, respectively. 10. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
the first air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel; and
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 11. The electronic cigarette of claim 10, wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a mouthpiece air chamber inside of the mouthpiece assembly; the air path connected to the “U” shaped air path through the fourth airflow channel in the mouthpiece air chamber for the user to enjoy vaporized E-liquid; a plurality of first mouthpiece connectors for connecting the mouthpiece assembly to the E-liquid storage tank; and a mouthpiece sealing element positioned between the mouthpiece assembly and the E-liquid storage tank. 12. The electronic cigarette of claim 11, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises:
the second air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank; a top end and a bottom end; and a plurality of second mouthpiece connectors positioned on the top end of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein each of the plurality of second mouthpiece connectors is connected to a corresponding second mouthpiece connector of the mouthpiece assembly. 13. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
aluminum (Al); Chromium (Cr); Manganese (Mn); Iron (Fe); Cobalt (Co); Nickel (Ni); Copper (Cu); Zirconium (Zr); Niobium (Nb); Molybdenum (Mo); Rhenium (Re); Silver (Ag); Cadmium (Cd); Tantalum (Ta); Tungsten (W); Iridium (Ir); Platinum (Pt); Gold (Au); and alloys thereof. 14. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
a grid shaped heating element; a mesh shaped heating element; a net shaped heating element; a spiral heating element; and any combination thereof. 15. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media comprises at least one of:
cotton fibers; polypropylene fibers; terylene fibers; nylon fibers; porous ceramic materials; and any combination thereof. 16. A method of using an electronic cigarette having a vaporizer assembly with a “U” shaped air path, comprising:
filling, by a user, E-liquid into an E-liquid storage tank, and storing the E-liquid in one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media;
sucking, by the user, through an air path of a mouthpiece assembly to generate a negative air pressure in a negative air pressure cavity;
turning on an electrical power supply to one or more heating elements of the vaporizer assembly through a negative air pressure activated switch by the negative air pressure generated; and
vaporizing, by the one or more heating elements of the vaporizer assembly, the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and delivering vaporized E-liquid to the user through the “U” shaped air path. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electronic cigarette comprises:
an electronic cigarette body having a top end, a bottom end and a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the electronic cigarette body; the mouthpiece assembly positioned on the top end of the electronic cigarette body; the E-liquid storage tank positioned inside of the electronic cigarette body, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, the negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming the “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity; and the vaporizer assembly wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises: the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity, the one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage cavity, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch, wherein when the user sucks air from the mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
the first air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel;
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
the mouthpiece air chamber inside of the mouthpiece assembly; the air path connected to the “U” shaped air path through the fourth airflow channel in the mouthpiece air chamber for the user to enjoy vaporized E-liquid; a plurality of first mouthpiece connectors for connecting the mouthpiece assembly to the E-liquid storage tank; and a mouthpiece sealing element positioned between the mouthpiece assembly and the E-liquid storage tank. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply, respectively. | The present disclosure relates to electronic cigarettes having vaporizer assembly with “U” shaped air path and methods of using the same. The electronic cigarette includes: mouthpiece assembly, electronic cigarette body, E-liquid storage tank having a negative air pressure cavity and a number of airflow channels forming “U” shaped air path, and the vaporizer assembly. The vaporizer assembly includes: one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and one or more heating elements. The elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through negative air pressure activated switch. When a user sucks air from mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the heating elements, and the heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path.1. A vaporizer assembly having a “U” shaped air path, comprising:
an E-liquid storage tank, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, a negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming the “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity;
one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity; and
one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage tank, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through a negative air pressure activated switch,
wherein when a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and deliver vaporized E-liquid to the user through the “U” shaped air path. 2. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of an electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel; and
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 3. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply. 4. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
aluminum (Al); Chromium (Cr); Manganese (Mn); Iron (Fe); Cobalt (Co); Nickel (Ni); Copper (Cu); Zirconium (Zr); Niobium (Nb); Molybdenum (Mo); Rhenium (Re); Silver (Ag); Cadmium (Cd); Tantalum (Ta); Tungsten (W); Iridium (Ir); Platinum (Pt); Gold (Au); and alloys thereof. 5. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
a grid shaped heating element; a mesh shaped heating element; a net shaped heating element; a spiral heating element; and any combination thereof. 6. The vaporizer assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media comprises at least one of:
cotton fibers; polypropylene fibers; terylene fibers; nylon fibers; porous ceramic materials; and any combination thereof. 7. An electronic cigarette comprising the vaporizer assembly of claim 1. 8. An electronic cigarette comprising:
an electronic cigarette body having a top end, a bottom end and a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the electronic cigarette body; a mouthpiece assembly positioned on the top end of the electronic cigarette body; an E-liquid storage tank positioned inside of the electronic cigarette body, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, a negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming a “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity; and a vaporizer assembly wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises: one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity, one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage cavity, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to an electrical power supply through a negative air pressure activated switch, wherein when a user sucks air from the mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path. 9. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply, respectively. 10. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
the first air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel; and
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 11. The electronic cigarette of claim 10, wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
a mouthpiece air chamber inside of the mouthpiece assembly; the air path connected to the “U” shaped air path through the fourth airflow channel in the mouthpiece air chamber for the user to enjoy vaporized E-liquid; a plurality of first mouthpiece connectors for connecting the mouthpiece assembly to the E-liquid storage tank; and a mouthpiece sealing element positioned between the mouthpiece assembly and the E-liquid storage tank. 12. The electronic cigarette of claim 11, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises:
the second air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank; a top end and a bottom end; and a plurality of second mouthpiece connectors positioned on the top end of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein each of the plurality of second mouthpiece connectors is connected to a corresponding second mouthpiece connector of the mouthpiece assembly. 13. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
aluminum (Al); Chromium (Cr); Manganese (Mn); Iron (Fe); Cobalt (Co); Nickel (Ni); Copper (Cu); Zirconium (Zr); Niobium (Nb); Molybdenum (Mo); Rhenium (Re); Silver (Ag); Cadmium (Cd); Tantalum (Ta); Tungsten (W); Iridium (Ir); Platinum (Pt); Gold (Au); and alloys thereof. 14. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises at least one of:
a grid shaped heating element; a mesh shaped heating element; a net shaped heating element; a spiral heating element; and any combination thereof. 15. The electronic cigarette of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media comprises at least one of:
cotton fibers; polypropylene fibers; terylene fibers; nylon fibers; porous ceramic materials; and any combination thereof. 16. A method of using an electronic cigarette having a vaporizer assembly with a “U” shaped air path, comprising:
filling, by a user, E-liquid into an E-liquid storage tank, and storing the E-liquid in one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media;
sucking, by the user, through an air path of a mouthpiece assembly to generate a negative air pressure in a negative air pressure cavity;
turning on an electrical power supply to one or more heating elements of the vaporizer assembly through a negative air pressure activated switch by the negative air pressure generated; and
vaporizing, by the one or more heating elements of the vaporizer assembly, the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, and delivering vaporized E-liquid to the user through the “U” shaped air path. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the electronic cigarette comprises:
an electronic cigarette body having a top end, a bottom end and a first air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the electronic cigarette body; the mouthpiece assembly positioned on the top end of the electronic cigarette body; the E-liquid storage tank positioned inside of the electronic cigarette body, wherein the E-liquid storage tank comprises: an E-liquid storage cavity for storing E-liquid, the negative air pressure cavity, and a plurality of airflow channels forming the “U” shaped air path outside of the E-liquid storage cavity; and the vaporizer assembly wherein the vaporizer assembly comprises: the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media for receiving and storing E-liquid from the E-liquid storage cavity, the one or more heating elements in direct contact with interior surface of the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to heat the E-liquid received from the E-liquid storage cavity, wherein the one or more heating elements are electrically connected to the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch, wherein when the user sucks air from the mouthpiece assembly, a negative air pressure is created in the negative air pressure cavity, the negative air pressure activated switch turns on the electrical power supply to the one or more heating elements, and the one or more heating elements vaporize the E-liquid stored in the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media to generate electronic cigarette vapor for the user through the “U” shaped air path. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the “U” shaped air path comprises:
the first air intake opening defined on the first side wall of the electronic cigarette body;
a second air intake opening defined on a first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank;
a first airflow channel positioned on the first side wall of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the first airflow channel meets the first air intake opening, the second air intake opening, and the negative air pressure cavity;
a second airflow channel positioned along the one or more cylindrical E-liquid storage media, wherein a first end of the second airflow channel meets a second end of the first airflow channel;
a third airflow channel positioned on an opposite second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a first end of the third airflow channel meets a second end of the second airflow channel;
a fourth airflow channel positioned on a second end of the third airflow channel and a top end of the second side of the E-liquid storage tank, wherein a second end of the fourth airflow channel connects to an air path of a mouthpiece assembly through a mouthpiece air chamber. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the mouthpiece assembly comprises:
the mouthpiece air chamber inside of the mouthpiece assembly; the air path connected to the “U” shaped air path through the fourth airflow channel in the mouthpiece air chamber for the user to enjoy vaporized E-liquid; a plurality of first mouthpiece connectors for connecting the mouthpiece assembly to the E-liquid storage tank; and a mouthpiece sealing element positioned between the mouthpiece assembly and the E-liquid storage tank. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein each of the one or more heating elements comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein each of the positive terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the electrical power supply through the negative air pressure activated switch in serial, and each of the negative terminals of the one or more heating elements is electrically connected to a negative terminal of the electrical power supply, respectively. | 2,800 |
341,438 | 16,801,713 | 2,831 | Disclosed is a digital measurement apparatus including a holding unit on which a measurement object to be measured is placed; and a measurement unit for measuring the measurement object by comparing an image of the measurement object placed on the holding unit with a preset reference value, and providing a reference for adjusting the length of a new measurement object based on a measured value of the measurement object. With this configuration, regardless of photographing conditions, by performing calibration using a set reference value, the accuracy of a measured value may be improved. | 1. A digital measurement apparatus, comprising:
a holding unit on which a measurement object to be measured is placed; and a measurement unit for measuring the measurement object by comparing an image of the measurement object placed on the holding unit with a preset reference value and for providing a reference for adjusting a length of a new measurement object based on a measured value of the measurement object. 2. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holding unit comprises a flat holder on which the measurement object is placed, and reference information for setting the reference value is displayed on the holder. 3. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a lower portion of the holder is provided with a backlight for illuminating the measurement object, and the holder is selectively detachable from the holding unit and the detached holder is sterilizable. 4. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement unit sets the reference value based on a measured value of the measurement object previously measured. 5. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement unit comprises a photographing unit that is configured to face the holding unit and is responsible for photographing the measurement object;
a calculator for calculating the measured value by performing calibration on the image photographed by the photographing unit based on the reference value; and a controller for providing a reference for adjusting a length of the new measurement object based on the measured value. 6. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller comprises a display means for displaying an image corresponding to the measured value calculated by the calculator to provide the image as a reference. 7. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the new measurement object is placed on the imaged displayed on the controller, and a length of the new measurement object is measured. 8. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller displays a first image obtained when the measurement object is placed on the holding unit and photographed and a second image obtained when the new measurement object different from the measurement object is placed on the holding unit and photographed in parallel, and adjusts a length of the second image with respect to the first image. 9. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller comprises a notification means for generating a notification sound when a length of the new measurement object is close to the measured value. 10. A digital measurement method, comprising:
measuring a first measured value corresponding to a length of a first measurement object to be measured in comparison of a preset reference value; and adjusting a second measured value of a second measurement object different from the first measurement object based on the first measured value. 11. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the reference value is set to a measured value measured before the measuring. 12. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein, in the measuring, when the first measurement object is placed on a holder displaying reference information for setting the reference value and photographed, a first measured value is measured by comparing a first image of the first measurement object and the reference value. 13. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the adjusting comprises displaying the first measured value as a first image through a display means; and
placing the second measurement object with respect to the first image and matching a length of the second measurement object to the first image, wherein, in the placing, repeated measurement is allowed while continuously placing other measurement objects that have not been measured. 14. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the adjusting comprises displaying the first and second measured values in parallel as first and second images through a display means; and
adjusting the second measurement object so that the second image matches the first image, wherein, in the adjusting, repeated measurement is allowed while continuously placing new second measurement objects that have not been measured. 15. The digital measurement method according to claim 14, further comprising, after the adjusting of the second measurement object, notifying that the second measured value corresponds to the first measured value,
wherein, in the notifying, as the second measured value gradually approaches the first measured value, frequency of occurrence of a notification sound is gradually increased. 16. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the first and second measurement objects are placed on a holder,
a lower portion of the holder is provided with a backlight for illuminating the first and second measurement objects, and the holder is detachable and sterilizable. | Disclosed is a digital measurement apparatus including a holding unit on which a measurement object to be measured is placed; and a measurement unit for measuring the measurement object by comparing an image of the measurement object placed on the holding unit with a preset reference value, and providing a reference for adjusting the length of a new measurement object based on a measured value of the measurement object. With this configuration, regardless of photographing conditions, by performing calibration using a set reference value, the accuracy of a measured value may be improved.1. A digital measurement apparatus, comprising:
a holding unit on which a measurement object to be measured is placed; and a measurement unit for measuring the measurement object by comparing an image of the measurement object placed on the holding unit with a preset reference value and for providing a reference for adjusting a length of a new measurement object based on a measured value of the measurement object. 2. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the holding unit comprises a flat holder on which the measurement object is placed, and reference information for setting the reference value is displayed on the holder. 3. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a lower portion of the holder is provided with a backlight for illuminating the measurement object, and the holder is selectively detachable from the holding unit and the detached holder is sterilizable. 4. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement unit sets the reference value based on a measured value of the measurement object previously measured. 5. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement unit comprises a photographing unit that is configured to face the holding unit and is responsible for photographing the measurement object;
a calculator for calculating the measured value by performing calibration on the image photographed by the photographing unit based on the reference value; and a controller for providing a reference for adjusting a length of the new measurement object based on the measured value. 6. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller comprises a display means for displaying an image corresponding to the measured value calculated by the calculator to provide the image as a reference. 7. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the new measurement object is placed on the imaged displayed on the controller, and a length of the new measurement object is measured. 8. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the controller displays a first image obtained when the measurement object is placed on the holding unit and photographed and a second image obtained when the new measurement object different from the measurement object is placed on the holding unit and photographed in parallel, and adjusts a length of the second image with respect to the first image. 9. The digital measurement apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller comprises a notification means for generating a notification sound when a length of the new measurement object is close to the measured value. 10. A digital measurement method, comprising:
measuring a first measured value corresponding to a length of a first measurement object to be measured in comparison of a preset reference value; and adjusting a second measured value of a second measurement object different from the first measurement object based on the first measured value. 11. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the reference value is set to a measured value measured before the measuring. 12. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein, in the measuring, when the first measurement object is placed on a holder displaying reference information for setting the reference value and photographed, a first measured value is measured by comparing a first image of the first measurement object and the reference value. 13. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the adjusting comprises displaying the first measured value as a first image through a display means; and
placing the second measurement object with respect to the first image and matching a length of the second measurement object to the first image, wherein, in the placing, repeated measurement is allowed while continuously placing other measurement objects that have not been measured. 14. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the adjusting comprises displaying the first and second measured values in parallel as first and second images through a display means; and
adjusting the second measurement object so that the second image matches the first image, wherein, in the adjusting, repeated measurement is allowed while continuously placing new second measurement objects that have not been measured. 15. The digital measurement method according to claim 14, further comprising, after the adjusting of the second measurement object, notifying that the second measured value corresponds to the first measured value,
wherein, in the notifying, as the second measured value gradually approaches the first measured value, frequency of occurrence of a notification sound is gradually increased. 16. The digital measurement method according to claim 10, wherein the first and second measurement objects are placed on a holder,
a lower portion of the holder is provided with a backlight for illuminating the first and second measurement objects, and the holder is detachable and sterilizable. | 2,800 |
341,439 | 16,801,704 | 2,831 | Data storage systems monitor the performance of data storage operations on a granular level and compile the information for presenting to a user. The system measures the time of execution for individual granular stages of the storage operation and in response to the monitoring results, automatically adjust parameters to optimize performance. Further, the system performs a performance test by simulating the data storage operation, but may not actually write the data to the secondary storage medium. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method to adjust performance a data storage operation in a data management system, the method comprising:
receiving, with computer hardware comprising one or more computer processors, an instruction to simulate a data backup operation on a data set, the data backup operation comprising a plurality of steps including at least a setup media agent pipeline step that has at least one adjustable parameter; executing a plurality of iterative simulations with the computer hardware that adjust the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the setup media agent pipeline step, and measuring simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations; wherein adjusting the at least one adjustable parameter is based at least in part on at least a simulated execution time of a previous iterative simulation; comparing, with the computer hardware, the simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations to determine a minimum simulated execution time; identifying, with the computer hardware, the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time; and saving the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time as at least one default parameter for the data backup operation. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one default parameter reduces an overall execution time of the data backup operation. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one default parameter is saved for later performance of a non-simulated data backup operation. 5. The method of claim 2 further comprising displaying, with the computer hardware, the simulated execution times on a graphical user interface (GUI). 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the data backup operation comprises one or more of a full backup operation, a differential backup operation, an incremental backup operation, and a mirror backup operation. 7. The method of claim 2 wherein the data set comprises one or more of files, volumes, databases, and sub-clients. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least establishing a connection between a media agent and a client computing device. 9. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least storage of metadata associated with a connection between a media agent and a client computing device that stores the data set. 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least communicating with a storage manager. 11. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least a time to set up a media agent pipeline. 12. A system to adjust performance of a data storage operation in a data management system, the system comprising:
computer hardware comprising one or more computer processors, the computer hardware configured to:
receive an instruction to simulate a data backup operation on a data set, the data backup operation comprising a plurality of steps including at least a setup media agent pipeline step that has at least one adjustable parameter;
execute a plurality of iterative simulations with the computer hardware to adjust the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the setup media agent pipeline step, and measure simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations, wherein adjusting the at least one adjustable parameter is based at least in part on a simulated execution time of a previous iterative simulation;
compare the simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations to determine a minimum simulated execution time;
identify the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time; and
save the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time as at least one default parameter for the data backup operation. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one default parameter reduces an overall execution time of the data backup operation. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one default parameter is saved for later performance of a non-simulated data backup operation. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer hardware is further configured to display the simulated execution times on a graphical user interface (GUI). 16. The system of claim 12 wherein the data backup operation comprises one or more of a full backup operation, a differential backup operation, an incremental backup operation, and a mirror backup operation. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein the data set comprises one or more of files, volumes, databases, and sub-clients. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least establishing a connection between a media agent and a client computing device. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least storage of metadata associated with a connection between a media agent and a client computing device that stores the data set. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least communicating with a storage manager. 21. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least a time to set up a media agent pipeline. | Data storage systems monitor the performance of data storage operations on a granular level and compile the information for presenting to a user. The system measures the time of execution for individual granular stages of the storage operation and in response to the monitoring results, automatically adjust parameters to optimize performance. Further, the system performs a performance test by simulating the data storage operation, but may not actually write the data to the secondary storage medium.1. (canceled) 2. A method to adjust performance a data storage operation in a data management system, the method comprising:
receiving, with computer hardware comprising one or more computer processors, an instruction to simulate a data backup operation on a data set, the data backup operation comprising a plurality of steps including at least a setup media agent pipeline step that has at least one adjustable parameter; executing a plurality of iterative simulations with the computer hardware that adjust the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the setup media agent pipeline step, and measuring simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations; wherein adjusting the at least one adjustable parameter is based at least in part on at least a simulated execution time of a previous iterative simulation; comparing, with the computer hardware, the simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations to determine a minimum simulated execution time; identifying, with the computer hardware, the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time; and saving the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time as at least one default parameter for the data backup operation. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one default parameter reduces an overall execution time of the data backup operation. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the at least one default parameter is saved for later performance of a non-simulated data backup operation. 5. The method of claim 2 further comprising displaying, with the computer hardware, the simulated execution times on a graphical user interface (GUI). 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the data backup operation comprises one or more of a full backup operation, a differential backup operation, an incremental backup operation, and a mirror backup operation. 7. The method of claim 2 wherein the data set comprises one or more of files, volumes, databases, and sub-clients. 8. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least establishing a connection between a media agent and a client computing device. 9. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least storage of metadata associated with a connection between a media agent and a client computing device that stores the data set. 10. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least communicating with a storage manager. 11. The method of claim 2 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least a time to set up a media agent pipeline. 12. A system to adjust performance of a data storage operation in a data management system, the system comprising:
computer hardware comprising one or more computer processors, the computer hardware configured to:
receive an instruction to simulate a data backup operation on a data set, the data backup operation comprising a plurality of steps including at least a setup media agent pipeline step that has at least one adjustable parameter;
execute a plurality of iterative simulations with the computer hardware to adjust the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the setup media agent pipeline step, and measure simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations, wherein adjusting the at least one adjustable parameter is based at least in part on a simulated execution time of a previous iterative simulation;
compare the simulated execution times of the plurality of iterative simulations to determine a minimum simulated execution time;
identify the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time; and
save the at least one adjustable parameter associated with the minimum simulated execution time as at least one default parameter for the data backup operation. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one default parameter reduces an overall execution time of the data backup operation. 14. The system of claim 12 wherein the at least one default parameter is saved for later performance of a non-simulated data backup operation. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the computer hardware is further configured to display the simulated execution times on a graphical user interface (GUI). 16. The system of claim 12 wherein the data backup operation comprises one or more of a full backup operation, a differential backup operation, an incremental backup operation, and a mirror backup operation. 17. The system of claim 12 wherein the data set comprises one or more of files, volumes, databases, and sub-clients. 18. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least establishing a connection between a media agent and a client computing device. 19. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least storage of metadata associated with a connection between a media agent and a client computing device that stores the data set. 20. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least communicating with a storage manager. 21. The system of claim 12 wherein the plurality of iterative simulations simulate at least a time to set up a media agent pipeline. | 2,800 |
341,440 | 16,801,688 | 2,831 | A front link shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. The front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the drive shoe causes a rear link to shift between a collapsed position and a standing position. | 1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle;
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove and moves along the guide rail; and
a front shoe check that moves with the front shoe along the guide rail and switches an engagement state of the drive shoe and the front shoe depending on a position of the drive shoe,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel moves to a rearward direction of the vehicle from the front-up position,
the front link shifts, based on power transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position, the rear link shifts, based on power transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the rear link is positioned between the collapsed position and the standing position. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
when the front-up position is defined as a first front-up position, the front-up corresponding position is defined as a first front-up corresponding position, and the second tilt operation is defined as a first front-tilt operation, the first tilt operation includes: a second front-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the full-close position and a second front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised from the full-close position; and a rear-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the second front-up position and the rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised from the second front-up position, the front link shifts among: the full-close corresponding position; a second front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the second front-up position; the first front-up corresponding position; and the full-open corresponding position, movement ranges of the drive shoe include, sequentially from a front edge to a rear edge of the guide rail: a first movement range that allows the front link to shift between the full-close corresponding position and the second front-up position; a second movement range that allows the rear link to shift between the collapsed position and the standing position; a third movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the second front-up position; and a fourth movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check allows power of the drive shoe to transmit to the front shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front support mechanism includes a check support shaft that connects the front shoe check and the front shoe in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle, the front shoe check has a second guide groove, the drive shoe is configured to include a second guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the second guide groove, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall on which a second recess is formed, the front shoe check is configured to include a second convex that extends in a direction intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the guide rail and that is engageable with the second recess, and when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe by engaging the second convex with the second recess, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe by disengaging the second convex from the second recess. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a front edge of the second guide groove has a first working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range, and a rear edge of the second guide groove has a first release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the panel bracket includes a first contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the rearward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a rear edge of the first movement range. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 5, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 6, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. | A front link shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. The front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the drive shoe causes a rear link to shift between a collapsed position and a standing position.1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle;
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove and moves along the guide rail; and
a front shoe check that moves with the front shoe along the guide rail and switches an engagement state of the drive shoe and the front shoe depending on a position of the drive shoe,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel moves to a rearward direction of the vehicle from the front-up position,
the front link shifts, based on power transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position, the rear link shifts, based on power transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the rear link is positioned between the collapsed position and the standing position. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
when the front-up position is defined as a first front-up position, the front-up corresponding position is defined as a first front-up corresponding position, and the second tilt operation is defined as a first front-tilt operation, the first tilt operation includes: a second front-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the full-close position and a second front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised from the full-close position; and a rear-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the second front-up position and the rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised from the second front-up position, the front link shifts among: the full-close corresponding position; a second front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the second front-up position; the first front-up corresponding position; and the full-open corresponding position, movement ranges of the drive shoe include, sequentially from a front edge to a rear edge of the guide rail: a first movement range that allows the front link to shift between the full-close corresponding position and the second front-up position; a second movement range that allows the rear link to shift between the collapsed position and the standing position; a third movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the second front-up position; and a fourth movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check allows power of the drive shoe to transmit to the front shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front support mechanism includes a check support shaft that connects the front shoe check and the front shoe in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle, the front shoe check has a second guide groove, the drive shoe is configured to include a second guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the second guide groove, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall on which a second recess is formed, the front shoe check is configured to include a second convex that extends in a direction intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the guide rail and that is engageable with the second recess, and when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe by engaging the second convex with the second recess, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe by disengaging the second convex from the second recess. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a front edge of the second guide groove has a first working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range, and a rear edge of the second guide groove has a first release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the panel bracket includes a first contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the rearward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a rear edge of the first movement range. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 5, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 6, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. | 2,800 |
341,441 | 16,801,770 | 2,852 | A front link shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. The front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the drive shoe causes a rear link to shift between a collapsed position and a standing position. | 1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle;
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove and moves along the guide rail; and
a front shoe check that moves with the front shoe along the guide rail and switches an engagement state of the drive shoe and the front shoe depending on a position of the drive shoe,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel moves to a rearward direction of the vehicle from the front-up position,
the front link shifts, based on power transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position, the rear link shifts, based on power transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the rear link is positioned between the collapsed position and the standing position. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
when the front-up position is defined as a first front-up position, the front-up corresponding position is defined as a first front-up corresponding position, and the second tilt operation is defined as a first front-tilt operation, the first tilt operation includes: a second front-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the full-close position and a second front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised from the full-close position; and a rear-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the second front-up position and the rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised from the second front-up position, the front link shifts among: the full-close corresponding position; a second front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the second front-up position; the first front-up corresponding position; and the full-open corresponding position, movement ranges of the drive shoe include, sequentially from a front edge to a rear edge of the guide rail: a first movement range that allows the front link to shift between the full-close corresponding position and the second front-up position; a second movement range that allows the rear link to shift between the collapsed position and the standing position; a third movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the second front-up position; and a fourth movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check allows power of the drive shoe to transmit to the front shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front support mechanism includes a check support shaft that connects the front shoe check and the front shoe in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle, the front shoe check has a second guide groove, the drive shoe is configured to include a second guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the second guide groove, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall on which a second recess is formed, the front shoe check is configured to include a second convex that extends in a direction intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the guide rail and that is engageable with the second recess, and when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe by engaging the second convex with the second recess, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe by disengaging the second convex from the second recess. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a front edge of the second guide groove has a first working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range, and a rear edge of the second guide groove has a first release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the panel bracket includes a first contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the rearward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a rear edge of the first movement range. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 5, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 6, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. | A front link shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. The front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the drive shoe causes a rear link to shift between a collapsed position and a standing position.1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle;
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove and moves along the guide rail; and
a front shoe check that moves with the front shoe along the guide rail and switches an engagement state of the drive shoe and the front shoe depending on a position of the drive shoe,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel moves to a rearward direction of the vehicle from the front-up position,
the front link shifts, based on power transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position, the rear link shifts, based on power transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe, when the rear link is positioned between the collapsed position and the standing position. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,
when the front-up position is defined as a first front-up position, the front-up corresponding position is defined as a first front-up corresponding position, and the second tilt operation is defined as a first front-tilt operation, the first tilt operation includes: a second front-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the full-close position and a second front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised from the full-close position; and a rear-tilt operation where the movable panel shifts between the second front-up position and the rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised from the second front-up position, the front link shifts among: the full-close corresponding position; a second front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the second front-up position; the first front-up corresponding position; and the full-open corresponding position, movement ranges of the drive shoe include, sequentially from a front edge to a rear edge of the guide rail: a first movement range that allows the front link to shift between the full-close corresponding position and the second front-up position; a second movement range that allows the rear link to shift between the collapsed position and the standing position; a third movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the second front-up position; and a fourth movement range that allows the front link to shift between the first front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check allows power of the drive shoe to transmit to the front shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check restricts power of the drive shoe from transmitting to the front shoe. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front support mechanism includes a check support shaft that connects the front shoe check and the front shoe in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle, the front shoe check has a second guide groove, the drive shoe is configured to include a second guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the second guide groove, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall on which a second recess is formed, the front shoe check is configured to include a second convex that extends in a direction intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the guide rail and that is engageable with the second recess, and when the drive shoe is positioned in the second movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction of movement of the drive shoe by engaging the second convex with the second recess, and, when the drive shoe is positioned in the first movement range, the third movement range, or the fourth movement range, the front shoe check takes a posture where the second guide groove extends in a direction intersecting with the direction of movement of the drive shoe by disengaging the second convex from the second recess. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a front edge of the second guide groove has a first working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range, and a rear edge of the second guide groove has a first release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the panel bracket includes a first contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the rearward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the rearward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a rear edge of the first movement range. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 4, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 5, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to any one of claim 6, wherein,
in the front shoe check, the second convex is provided at a more rearward position of the vehicle than the check support shaft, among the rotation directions of the front shoe check, when the rotation direction where the second convex approaches the wall is defined as a first rotation direction, and the rotation direction where the second convex separates away from the wall is defined as a second rotation direction, a rear edge of the second guide groove has a second working surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the first rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the third movement range, and a front edge of the second guide groove has a second release surface that generates a moment for rotating the front shoe check in the second rotation direction by being pressed by the second guide shaft of the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle within the first movement range. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the panel bracket includes a second contact part that restricts movement of the front shoe check in the forward direction of the vehicle by contacting with the front shoe check when the drive shoe that moves in the forward direction of the vehicle is positioned at a front edge of the third movement range. | 2,800 |
341,442 | 16,801,774 | 2,852 | A damper valve with an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim. The damper valve includes a piston. The piston has a fluid path formed therethrough. A shim is disposed proximate the fluid path formed through the piston. A stiffness adjustment feature is coupled to the shim, and the shim is disposed between the piston and the stiffness adjustment feature. The stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust the effective stiffness of the shim without affecting a preload applied to the shim. | 1. A damper valve with an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim, said damper valve comprising:
a fluid path formed through a piston, said shim disposed proximate said fluid path; a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim. 2. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without altering an existing force which acts upon said shim. 3. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without moving said shim toward or away from said piston. 4. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature comprises:
a stiffness adjustment plate;
a spring component coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate; and
an adjuster coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate, said adjuster comprising:
a first position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a first orientation with respect to each other, said first orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a second orientation with respect to each other, said second orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating a second effective stiffness of said shim wherein said effective stiffness of said shim differs from said second effective stiffness of said shim. 5. The damper valve of claim 4 wherein said stiffness adjustment plate comprises:
a first surface disposed facing said shim; and
a second surface disposed facing said spring component. 6. The damper valve of claim 5 wherein said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a shim engagement portion extending from said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said shim engagement portion configured to engage with said shim. 7. The damper valve of claim 5 wherein said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a spring component engagement portion extending from said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said spring component engagement portion configured to engage with said spring component. 8. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion is configured such that rotational movement of said stiffness adjustment plate with respect to said spring component varies a location at which said spring component engages with said spring component engagement portion of said stiffness adjustment plate. 9. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates a second effective stiffness of said shim, wherein said effective stiffness of said shim and said second effective stiffness of said shim are different. 10. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a first amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a second amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component, wherein said first amount of force and said second amount of force are different. 11. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is disposed in a rebound circuit of a damper. 12. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is disposed in a high speed rebound circuit of a damper. 13. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is manually adjustable. 14. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is automatically adjustable. 15. A suspension damper having an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim, said suspension damper comprising:
a housing enclosing a damping chamber; a piston disposed within said damping chamber, said piston movable within said damping chamber, said piston dividing said damping chamber into a first region and a second region; a fluid path formed through said piston, said shim disposed proximate said fluid path; and a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim. 16. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without altering an existing force which acts upon said shim. 17. The suspension damper of claim 16 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without moving said shim toward or away from said piston. 18. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature comprises:
a stiffness adjustment plate;
a spring component coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate; and
an adjuster coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate, said adjuster comprising:
a first position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a first orientation with respect to each other, said first orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a second orientation with respect to each other, said second orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating a second effective stiffness of said shim wherein said effective stiffness of said shim differs from said second effective stiffness of said shim. 19. The suspension damper of claim 18 wherein said stiffness adjustment plate comprises:
a first surface disposed facing said shim; and
a second surface disposed facing said spring component. 20. The suspension damper of claim 19 wherein said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a shim engagement portion extending from said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said shim engagement portion configured to engage with said shim. 21. The suspension damper of claim 19 wherein said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a spring component engagement portion extending from said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said spring component engagement portion configured to engage with said spring component. 22. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion is configured such that rotational movement of said stiffness adjustment plate with respect to said spring component varies a location at which said spring component engages with said spring component engagement portion of said stiffness adjustment plate. 23. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates a second effective stiffness of said shim, wherein said effective stiffness of said shim and said second effective stiffness of said shim are different. 24. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a first amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a second amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component, wherein said first amount of force and said second amount of force are different. 25. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said suspension damper is manually adjustable. 26. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said suspension damper is automatically adjustable. 27. An adjustable damper valve having a corresponding damping characteristic curve wherein an adjustment to an effective stiffness of said damper valve does not increase an initial slope of said corresponding damping characteristic curve, said adjustable damper valve comprising:
a fluid path formed through a piston; a shim disposed proximate said fluid path; and a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim such that said corresponding damping characteristic curve is adjusted without imposing said increase of said initial slope to said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 28. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust a high-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve without disproportionately influencing a low-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 29. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust a high-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve without imposing an initial non-linearity to said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 30. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust said corresponding damping characteristic curve to approximate an ideal damping characteristic curve. | A damper valve with an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim. The damper valve includes a piston. The piston has a fluid path formed therethrough. A shim is disposed proximate the fluid path formed through the piston. A stiffness adjustment feature is coupled to the shim, and the shim is disposed between the piston and the stiffness adjustment feature. The stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust the effective stiffness of the shim without affecting a preload applied to the shim.1. A damper valve with an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim, said damper valve comprising:
a fluid path formed through a piston, said shim disposed proximate said fluid path; a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim. 2. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without altering an existing force which acts upon said shim. 3. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without moving said shim toward or away from said piston. 4. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature comprises:
a stiffness adjustment plate;
a spring component coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate; and
an adjuster coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate, said adjuster comprising:
a first position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a first orientation with respect to each other, said first orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a second orientation with respect to each other, said second orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating a second effective stiffness of said shim wherein said effective stiffness of said shim differs from said second effective stiffness of said shim. 5. The damper valve of claim 4 wherein said stiffness adjustment plate comprises:
a first surface disposed facing said shim; and
a second surface disposed facing said spring component. 6. The damper valve of claim 5 wherein said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a shim engagement portion extending from said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said shim engagement portion configured to engage with said shim. 7. The damper valve of claim 5 wherein said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a spring component engagement portion extending from said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said spring component engagement portion configured to engage with said spring component. 8. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion is configured such that rotational movement of said stiffness adjustment plate with respect to said spring component varies a location at which said spring component engages with said spring component engagement portion of said stiffness adjustment plate. 9. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates a second effective stiffness of said shim, wherein said effective stiffness of said shim and said second effective stiffness of said shim are different. 10. The damper valve of claim 7 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a first amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a second amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component, wherein said first amount of force and said second amount of force are different. 11. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is disposed in a rebound circuit of a damper. 12. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is disposed in a high speed rebound circuit of a damper. 13. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is manually adjustable. 14. The damper valve of claim 1 wherein said damper valve is automatically adjustable. 15. A suspension damper having an adjustable effective stiffness of a shim, said suspension damper comprising:
a housing enclosing a damping chamber; a piston disposed within said damping chamber, said piston movable within said damping chamber, said piston dividing said damping chamber into a first region and a second region; a fluid path formed through said piston, said shim disposed proximate said fluid path; and a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim. 16. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without altering an existing force which acts upon said shim. 17. The suspension damper of claim 16 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured such that movement of said stiffness adjuster feature varies said effective stiffness of said shim without moving said shim toward or away from said piston. 18. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature comprises:
a stiffness adjustment plate;
a spring component coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate; and
an adjuster coupled to said stiffness adjustment plate, said adjuster comprising:
a first position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a first orientation with respect to each other, said first orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second position which disposes said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component in a second orientation with respect to each other, said second orientation of said stiffness adjustment plate and said spring component generating a second effective stiffness of said shim wherein said effective stiffness of said shim differs from said second effective stiffness of said shim. 19. The suspension damper of claim 18 wherein said stiffness adjustment plate comprises:
a first surface disposed facing said shim; and
a second surface disposed facing said spring component. 20. The suspension damper of claim 19 wherein said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a shim engagement portion extending from said first surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said shim engagement portion configured to engage with said shim. 21. The suspension damper of claim 19 wherein said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate further comprises:
a spring component engagement portion extending from said second surface of said stiffness adjustment plate, said spring component engagement portion configured to engage with said spring component. 22. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion is configured such that rotational movement of said stiffness adjustment plate with respect to said spring component varies a location at which said spring component engages with said spring component engagement portion of said stiffness adjustment plate. 23. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates said effective stiffness of said shim; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said stiffness adjustment feature generates a second effective stiffness of said shim, wherein said effective stiffness of said shim and said second effective stiffness of said shim are different. 24. The suspension damper of claim 21 wherein said spring component engagement portion further comprises:
a first location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said first location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a first amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component; and
a second location, wherein upon engagement of said stiffness adjustment plate with said second location of said spring component engagement portion, said spring component is configured apply a second amount of force against movement of said stiffness adjustment plate towards said spring component, wherein said first amount of force and said second amount of force are different. 25. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said suspension damper is manually adjustable. 26. The suspension damper of claim 15 wherein said suspension damper is automatically adjustable. 27. An adjustable damper valve having a corresponding damping characteristic curve wherein an adjustment to an effective stiffness of said damper valve does not increase an initial slope of said corresponding damping characteristic curve, said adjustable damper valve comprising:
a fluid path formed through a piston; a shim disposed proximate said fluid path; and a stiffness adjustment feature coupled to said shim; said shim disposed between said piston and said stiffness adjustment feature, said stiffness adjustment feature configured to adjust said effective stiffness of said shim without affecting a preload applied to said shim such that said corresponding damping characteristic curve is adjusted without imposing said increase of said initial slope to said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 28. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust a high-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve without disproportionately influencing a low-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 29. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust a high-speed portion of said corresponding damping characteristic curve without imposing an initial non-linearity to said corresponding damping characteristic curve. 30. The adjustable damper valve of claim 27 wherein said stiffness adjustment feature is configured to adjust said corresponding damping characteristic curve to approximate an ideal damping characteristic curve. | 2,800 |
341,443 | 16,801,772 | 3,616 | An accessory configured to be secured within a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle. The stake pocket includes an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall configured for receipt of the accessory, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed. The accessory includes a locking mechanism that is configured to secure the accessory to either the first aperture or the second aperture. | 1. An accessory configured to be secured within a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle, the stake pocket including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall configured for receipt of the accessory, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the accessory comprising a locking mechanism configured to secure the accessory to either the first aperture or the second aperture. 2. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory includes an anchor device that extends either away from the opening, or away from the second aperture toward an interior of the bed. 3. The accessory according to claim 2, wherein the anchor device is a D-ring. 4. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism includes a casing that houses a movable locking lever, the movable locking lever being movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 5. The accessory according to claim 4, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 6. The accessory according to claim 4, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 7. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism secures the accessory to the second aperture of the stake pocket. 8. The accessory according to claim 7, wherein the locking mechanism includes a lock plate bezel that is configured to be received within the second aperture, and a rotatable lock latch having a pair of locking flanges that are configured to engage and secure the accessory to an interior of the stake pocket. 9. The accessory according to claim 8, wherein the rotatable lock latch includes a recess that is configured to be engaged by a tool that is configured to rotate the rotatable lock latch between an unlocked and a locked position. 10. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory is an elevated bed rail assembly including a rail attached to a bracket, the bracket being configured for receipt within the stake pocket, and the locking mechanism being configured to secure the bracket to the second aperture of the stake pocket. 11. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory is an anchor device that includes an anchor ring attached to a housing that is configured for receipt within the stake pocket, and the locking mechanism is configured to secure the housing to the stake pocket through the second aperture. 12. An anchor device configured for receipt in a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle, the stake pocket including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the anchor device comprising:
a casing configured for receipt in the opening of the stake pocket, the casing including at least a third aperture aligned with either the first aperture or the second aperture; and a locking mechanism that is movable between an unlocked position and a locked position to secure the anchor device to either the first aperture or the second aperture. 13. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the anchor device is a D-ring that extends either away from the opening, or away from the second aperture toward an interior of the bed. 14. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the locking mechanism is positioned within the casing, and includes a movable locking lever that is movable between a locked and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 15. The anchor device according to claim 14, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 16. The anchor device according to claim 14, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 17. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the anchor device is an elevated rail. 18. The anchor device according to claim 17, wherein the casing is an L-shaped tube having one end configured for receipt of the elevated rail and another end configured to be received within the stake pocket, the another end includes the third aperture that is aligned with the second aperture, and the locking mechanism is configured to secure the L-shaped tube to the second aperture. 19. The anchor device according to claim 18, wherein the locking mechanism includes a lock plate bezel that is configured to be received within the second aperture, and a rotatable lock latch having a pair of locking flanges that are configured to engage and secure an accessory to the third aperture formed in the L-shaped tube. 20. The anchor device according to claim 19, wherein the rotatable lock latch includes a recess that is configured to be engaged by a tool that is configured to rotate the rotatable lock latch between an unlocked position and a locked position. | An accessory configured to be secured within a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle. The stake pocket includes an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall configured for receipt of the accessory, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed. The accessory includes a locking mechanism that is configured to secure the accessory to either the first aperture or the second aperture.1. An accessory configured to be secured within a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle, the stake pocket including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall configured for receipt of the accessory, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the accessory comprising a locking mechanism configured to secure the accessory to either the first aperture or the second aperture. 2. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory includes an anchor device that extends either away from the opening, or away from the second aperture toward an interior of the bed. 3. The accessory according to claim 2, wherein the anchor device is a D-ring. 4. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism includes a casing that houses a movable locking lever, the movable locking lever being movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 5. The accessory according to claim 4, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 6. The accessory according to claim 4, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 7. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the locking mechanism secures the accessory to the second aperture of the stake pocket. 8. The accessory according to claim 7, wherein the locking mechanism includes a lock plate bezel that is configured to be received within the second aperture, and a rotatable lock latch having a pair of locking flanges that are configured to engage and secure the accessory to an interior of the stake pocket. 9. The accessory according to claim 8, wherein the rotatable lock latch includes a recess that is configured to be engaged by a tool that is configured to rotate the rotatable lock latch between an unlocked and a locked position. 10. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory is an elevated bed rail assembly including a rail attached to a bracket, the bracket being configured for receipt within the stake pocket, and the locking mechanism being configured to secure the bracket to the second aperture of the stake pocket. 11. The accessory according to claim 1, wherein the accessory is an anchor device that includes an anchor ring attached to a housing that is configured for receipt within the stake pocket, and the locking mechanism is configured to secure the housing to the stake pocket through the second aperture. 12. An anchor device configured for receipt in a stake pocket formed in a sidewall of a bed of a vehicle, the stake pocket including an opening formed in an upper wall of the sidewall, a first aperture that is not accessible from the bed, and a second aperture that is accessible from the bed, the anchor device comprising:
a casing configured for receipt in the opening of the stake pocket, the casing including at least a third aperture aligned with either the first aperture or the second aperture; and a locking mechanism that is movable between an unlocked position and a locked position to secure the anchor device to either the first aperture or the second aperture. 13. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the anchor device is a D-ring that extends either away from the opening, or away from the second aperture toward an interior of the bed. 14. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the locking mechanism is positioned within the casing, and includes a movable locking lever that is movable between a locked and an unlocked position, and in the locked position the movable locking lever is configured to engage the first aperture that is not accessible from the bed. 15. The anchor device according to claim 14, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a locking cylinder located within the casing. 16. The anchor device according to claim 14, wherein the movable locking lever is moved by rotation of a rod that is fixed to a depressible and rotatable button that is attached to the casing. 17. The anchor device according to claim 12, wherein the anchor device is an elevated rail. 18. The anchor device according to claim 17, wherein the casing is an L-shaped tube having one end configured for receipt of the elevated rail and another end configured to be received within the stake pocket, the another end includes the third aperture that is aligned with the second aperture, and the locking mechanism is configured to secure the L-shaped tube to the second aperture. 19. The anchor device according to claim 18, wherein the locking mechanism includes a lock plate bezel that is configured to be received within the second aperture, and a rotatable lock latch having a pair of locking flanges that are configured to engage and secure an accessory to the third aperture formed in the L-shaped tube. 20. The anchor device according to claim 19, wherein the rotatable lock latch includes a recess that is configured to be engaged by a tool that is configured to rotate the rotatable lock latch between an unlocked position and a locked position. | 3,600 |
341,444 | 16,801,756 | 3,616 | There is provided at least any of a layered body which has a change in color tone and in which it is unnecessary to select a colorant and the content of the colorant in consideration of a difference in the sintering behavior between layers, a precursor thereof, or a method for producing these. Provided is a layered body which has a structure, in which two or more layers containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a colorant are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the layers are equal to each other, the layered body including at least: a first layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol %; and a second layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. | 1. A layered body which has a structure, in which two or more layers containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a colorant are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the layers are equal to each other, the layered body comprising at least:
a first layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol %; and a second layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. 2. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 1.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 3. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 4.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 4. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the first layer is 3.3 mol % to 5.5 mol %. 5. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a difference between the stabilizer content in the first layer and the stabilizer content in the second layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 mol %. 6. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the stabilizer is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria (Y2O3), calcia (CaO), magnesia (MgO), ceria (CeO2), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), terbium oxide (Tb4O7), erbium oxide (Er2O3), and ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3). 7. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the colorant is at least any of a transition metal element or a lanthanoid-based rare earth element. 8. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the colorant is 0.01 wt % to 1.0 wt %. 9. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers contains alumina. 10. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 11. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. 12. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a sintered body. 13. The layered body according to claim 1, further comprising:
a zirconia layer of which a total light transmittance with respect to a CIE standard light source D65 at a sample thickness of 1.0 mm is 30% to 50%. 14. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a calcined body. 15. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of sintering a green body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a color pigment, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 16. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C. to obtain a calcined body; and a step of sintering the calcined body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 17. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 18. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the binding agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, wax, and acrylic resin. 19. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the powder composition contained in the powder composition layers is granulated powder. 20. A dental material containing the layered body according to claim 1. | There is provided at least any of a layered body which has a change in color tone and in which it is unnecessary to select a colorant and the content of the colorant in consideration of a difference in the sintering behavior between layers, a precursor thereof, or a method for producing these. Provided is a layered body which has a structure, in which two or more layers containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a colorant are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the layers are equal to each other, the layered body including at least: a first layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol %; and a second layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer.1. A layered body which has a structure, in which two or more layers containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a colorant are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the layers are equal to each other, the layered body comprising at least:
a first layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol %; and a second layer containing a colorant and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. 2. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 1.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 3. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 4.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 4. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the first layer is 3.3 mol % to 5.5 mol %. 5. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a difference between the stabilizer content in the first layer and the stabilizer content in the second layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 mol %. 6. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the stabilizer is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria (Y2O3), calcia (CaO), magnesia (MgO), ceria (CeO2), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), terbium oxide (Tb4O7), erbium oxide (Er2O3), and ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3). 7. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the colorant is at least any of a transition metal element or a lanthanoid-based rare earth element. 8. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the colorant is 0.01 wt % to 1.0 wt %. 9. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers contains alumina. 10. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 11. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. 12. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a sintered body. 13. The layered body according to claim 1, further comprising:
a zirconia layer of which a total light transmittance with respect to a CIE standard light source D65 at a sample thickness of 1.0 mm is 30% to 50%. 14. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a calcined body. 15. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of sintering a green body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a color pigment, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 16. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C. to obtain a calcined body; and a step of sintering the calcined body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 17. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing a stabilizer-containing zirconia, a colorant, and a binding agent are layered, and in which types and contents of the colorants contained in the powder composition layers are equal to each other, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 3.3 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent, a colorant, and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 18. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the binding agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, wax, and acrylic resin. 19. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the powder composition contained in the powder composition layers is granulated powder. 20. A dental material containing the layered body according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
341,445 | 16,801,769 | 3,616 | Disclosed is an approach for improving positioning quality via a feedback loop between a radio-based positioning system and a client device, such as a tracking system. In particular, the tracking system or other client device may request and then receive a position estimate from the positioning system. The tracking system could then make a determination that the position estimate is incorrect, such as by determining that it is an outlier relative to a location trace, for instance. Responsive to this determination, the tracking system may transmit, to the position system, an indication of radio node(s) associated with the incorrect position estimate. Based on this indication, the positioning system could then exclude one or more of those radio node(s) from a radio map, thereby improving quality of the radio map and in turn quality of future position estimates, among other advantages. | 1. A method comprising:
transmitting, by one or more processors and to a positioning system, a request for a position estimate; in response to the request, receiving, by the one or more processors, the position estimate from the positioning system; making a determination, by the one or more processors, that the position estimate is incorrect; and in response to making the determination, transmitting, by the one or more processors and to the positioning system, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate determined to be incorrect, thereby enabling the positioning system to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the one or more processors are of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein making the determination comprises determining that the position estimate is an outlier relative to other positions in the location trace. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the position estimate is based at least on measurements of radio signals respectively emitted by the one or more radio nodes, thereby causing the association between the position estimate and the one or more radio nodes. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the request includes the measurements and respective identifiers of the one or more radio nodes. 6. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors of a positioning system and from a client device, a request for a position estimate; in response to the request, transmitting, by the one or more processors, the position estimate to the client device; receiving, by the one or more processors and from the client device, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate, the indication corresponding to the position estimate being incorrect; and based at least on the received indication, performing, by the one or more processors, a procedure to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the client device is a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the request, generating, by the one or more processors, the position estimate based at least on a particular radio map, wherein the excluding comprises excluding one or more of the radio nodes from the particular radio map used as basis for generating the position estimate. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the request, generating, by the one or more processors, the position estimate based at least on a first radio map, wherein the excluding comprises excluding one or more of the radio nodes from a second radio map, the second radio map being at least partially different from the first radio map used as basis for generating the position estimate. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the procedure comprises performing one or more of the following operations:
(i) removing, from the radio map, data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes, or (ii) backlisting the one or more excluded radio node to prevent addition, to the radio map, of data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes corresponds to one or more of the following: (i) one or more respective identifiers of one or more of the excluded radio nodes, (ii) one or more measurements of radio signals respectively emitted by one or more of the excluded radio nodes, or (iii) one or more position estimates determined based on one or more of the measurements. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the procedure based at least on the received indication comprises:
making a determination that a particular one of the radio nodes has been included in a plurality of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect, the plurality including the received indication; and based on the determination, performing the procedure to exclude the particular radio node from the radio map. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein making the determination comprises making a determination that the particular radio node has been included in at least a threshold number of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect. 14. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory computer readable medium; and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the one or more processors to:
transmit, to a positioning system, a request for a position estimate;
in response to the request, receive the position estimate from the positioning system;
make a determination that the position estimate is incorrect; and
in response to making the determination, transmit, to the positioning system, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate determined to be incorrect, thereby enabling the positioning system to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 15. The apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the apparatus is part of or takes the form of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein making the determination comprises determining that the position estimate is an outlier relative to other positions in the location trace. 17. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory computer readable medium; and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the one or more processors to:
receive, from a client device, a request for a position estimate;
in response to the request, transmit the position estimate to the client device;
receive, from the client device, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate, the indication corresponding to the position estimate being incorrect; and
based at least on the received indication, perform a procedure to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 18. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the apparatus is part of or takes the form of a positioning system that serves the client device, wherein the client device is part of or takes the form of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein performing the procedure comprises performing one or more of the following operations:
(i) removing, from the radio map, data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes, or (ii) backlisting the one or more excluded radio node to prevent addition, to the radio map, of data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein performing the procedure based at least on the received indication comprises:
making a determination that a particular one of the radio nodes has been included in a plurality of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect, the plurality including the received indication; and based on the determination, performing the procedure to exclude the particular radio node from the radio map. | Disclosed is an approach for improving positioning quality via a feedback loop between a radio-based positioning system and a client device, such as a tracking system. In particular, the tracking system or other client device may request and then receive a position estimate from the positioning system. The tracking system could then make a determination that the position estimate is incorrect, such as by determining that it is an outlier relative to a location trace, for instance. Responsive to this determination, the tracking system may transmit, to the position system, an indication of radio node(s) associated with the incorrect position estimate. Based on this indication, the positioning system could then exclude one or more of those radio node(s) from a radio map, thereby improving quality of the radio map and in turn quality of future position estimates, among other advantages.1. A method comprising:
transmitting, by one or more processors and to a positioning system, a request for a position estimate; in response to the request, receiving, by the one or more processors, the position estimate from the positioning system; making a determination, by the one or more processors, that the position estimate is incorrect; and in response to making the determination, transmitting, by the one or more processors and to the positioning system, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate determined to be incorrect, thereby enabling the positioning system to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the one or more processors are of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein making the determination comprises determining that the position estimate is an outlier relative to other positions in the location trace. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the position estimate is based at least on measurements of radio signals respectively emitted by the one or more radio nodes, thereby causing the association between the position estimate and the one or more radio nodes. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the request includes the measurements and respective identifiers of the one or more radio nodes. 6. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more processors of a positioning system and from a client device, a request for a position estimate; in response to the request, transmitting, by the one or more processors, the position estimate to the client device; receiving, by the one or more processors and from the client device, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate, the indication corresponding to the position estimate being incorrect; and based at least on the received indication, performing, by the one or more processors, a procedure to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the client device is a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the request, generating, by the one or more processors, the position estimate based at least on a particular radio map, wherein the excluding comprises excluding one or more of the radio nodes from the particular radio map used as basis for generating the position estimate. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
in response to the request, generating, by the one or more processors, the position estimate based at least on a first radio map, wherein the excluding comprises excluding one or more of the radio nodes from a second radio map, the second radio map being at least partially different from the first radio map used as basis for generating the position estimate. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the procedure comprises performing one or more of the following operations:
(i) removing, from the radio map, data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes, or (ii) backlisting the one or more excluded radio node to prevent addition, to the radio map, of data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes corresponds to one or more of the following: (i) one or more respective identifiers of one or more of the excluded radio nodes, (ii) one or more measurements of radio signals respectively emitted by one or more of the excluded radio nodes, or (iii) one or more position estimates determined based on one or more of the measurements. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein performing the procedure based at least on the received indication comprises:
making a determination that a particular one of the radio nodes has been included in a plurality of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect, the plurality including the received indication; and based on the determination, performing the procedure to exclude the particular radio node from the radio map. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein making the determination comprises making a determination that the particular radio node has been included in at least a threshold number of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect. 14. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory computer readable medium; and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the one or more processors to:
transmit, to a positioning system, a request for a position estimate;
in response to the request, receive the position estimate from the positioning system;
make a determination that the position estimate is incorrect; and
in response to making the determination, transmit, to the positioning system, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate determined to be incorrect, thereby enabling the positioning system to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 15. The apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the apparatus is part of or takes the form of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein making the determination comprises determining that the position estimate is an outlier relative to other positions in the location trace. 17. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory computer readable medium; and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the one or more processors to:
receive, from a client device, a request for a position estimate;
in response to the request, transmit the position estimate to the client device;
receive, from the client device, an indication of one or more radio nodes associated with the position estimate, the indication corresponding to the position estimate being incorrect; and
based at least on the received indication, perform a procedure to exclude one or more of the radio nodes from a radio map. 18. The apparatus of claim 17,
wherein the apparatus is part of or takes the form of a positioning system that serves the client device, wherein the client device is part of or takes the form of a tracking system configured to generate a location trace associated with an entity, and wherein the request for the position estimate enables generation of the location trace. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein performing the procedure comprises performing one or more of the following operations:
(i) removing, from the radio map, data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes, or (ii) backlisting the one or more excluded radio node to prevent addition, to the radio map, of data associated with the one or more excluded radio nodes. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein performing the procedure based at least on the received indication comprises:
making a determination that a particular one of the radio nodes has been included in a plurality of indications corresponding to position estimates being incorrect, the plurality including the received indication; and based on the determination, performing the procedure to exclude the particular radio node from the radio map. | 3,600 |
341,446 | 16,801,790 | 3,616 | The machine implemented method for operating at least one electronic system comprises detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through a graph of operational context switches to reach a target operational context; storing a representation of the pattern in association with an indicator identifying the target operational context; responsive to detecting at least one of a request for a switch of operation from a source operational context to the target operational context, a trapping on a resource access, and a detection of a breakpoint, retrieving the representation in accordance with the indicator identifying the target operational context; and responsive to the retrieving, applying at least one control parameter to said at least one electronic system to match the pattern. | 1-17. (canceled) 18. A machine implemented method for operating at least one electronic system, comprising:
detecting a pattern of use of control parameters for a target operational context in an execution flow path; storing a representation of said pattern in storage; retrieving said representation responsive to at least one of: a request for a switch of operation from a source operational context to the target operational context, a trapping on a resource access, and a detection of a breakpoint; responsive to said retrieving, applying at least one control parameter to said at least one electronic system to match said pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of applying at least one control parameter comprises:
applying only selected ones of said plural control parameters to snatch said pattern. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein applying only selected ones of said plural control parameters to match said pattern comprises:
applying only selected ones of the plural control parameters according to a priority order derived from the pattern or according to a time order of use to match the pattern 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of detecting a pattern of use of control parameters comprises detecting a pattern of use of access control list (ACL) control parameters. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the execution path comprises a graph of operational context switches to reach the target operational context. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the graph comprises two or more nodes, each node to represent an operational context and wherein the graph comprises one or more edges, each edge to represent a switch from a source context to a target context. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
determining, for each context switch, mandatory or most frequently used control parameters. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
downloading the mandatory or the most frequently used control parameters; applying the mandatory or the most frequently used control parameters at the target node. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein determining, for each context switch, the mandatory or most frequently used control parameters comprises:
observing the pattern of use of ACL control parameters to determine the mandatory or most frequently used control parameters. 27. The method of claim 22, comprising detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through the graph of operational context switches. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through the graph of operational context switches comprises:
detecting said pattern in a path through a graph comprising at least one of: a system reboot, a function call, a procedure call, and a program interrupt. 29. The method of claim 22, comprising determining, using a Bloom filter, whether a control parameter pattern belongs to a particular node of the two or more nodes. 30. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising seeding said representation of said pattern with at least one of a thread identifier distinguishing a first said pattern as detected in a first thread from a further said pattern detected in a further thread and a process identifier distinguishing a first said pattern as detected in a first process from a further said pattern detected in a further process. 31. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising detecting an anomalous pattern of control parameter use as compared with a stored pattern and emitting an alert signal. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the representation of said pattern comprises one or more of storing the representation in association with an indicator identifying said target operational context and storing a mathematical transform of the pattern. 33. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising:
accumulating multiple said patterns at least one of a server device and a distributed processing system; and analyzing said patterns for a probability of an occurrence of at least one operational context in the execution flow path. 34. The machine implemented method of claim 33, further comprising distributing an outcome of said pattern analysis to said at least one electronic device and to at least one further electronic device. 35. The machine implemented method of claim 33, further comprising interrogating one or more said electronic devices by said at least one of a server device and a distributed processing system to acquire additional data for at least one said pattern. 36. An electronic control device comprising logic apparatus operable to perform all the steps of the method of claim 18. 37. A computer program comprising computer program code to, when loaded into a computer system, cause said system to perform all the steps of the method of claim 18. | The machine implemented method for operating at least one electronic system comprises detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through a graph of operational context switches to reach a target operational context; storing a representation of the pattern in association with an indicator identifying the target operational context; responsive to detecting at least one of a request for a switch of operation from a source operational context to the target operational context, a trapping on a resource access, and a detection of a breakpoint, retrieving the representation in accordance with the indicator identifying the target operational context; and responsive to the retrieving, applying at least one control parameter to said at least one electronic system to match the pattern.1-17. (canceled) 18. A machine implemented method for operating at least one electronic system, comprising:
detecting a pattern of use of control parameters for a target operational context in an execution flow path; storing a representation of said pattern in storage; retrieving said representation responsive to at least one of: a request for a switch of operation from a source operational context to the target operational context, a trapping on a resource access, and a detection of a breakpoint; responsive to said retrieving, applying at least one control parameter to said at least one electronic system to match said pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of applying at least one control parameter comprises:
applying only selected ones of said plural control parameters to snatch said pattern. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein applying only selected ones of said plural control parameters to match said pattern comprises:
applying only selected ones of the plural control parameters according to a priority order derived from the pattern or according to a time order of use to match the pattern 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of detecting a pattern of use of control parameters comprises detecting a pattern of use of access control list (ACL) control parameters. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the execution path comprises a graph of operational context switches to reach the target operational context. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the graph comprises two or more nodes, each node to represent an operational context and wherein the graph comprises one or more edges, each edge to represent a switch from a source context to a target context. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
determining, for each context switch, mandatory or most frequently used control parameters. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
downloading the mandatory or the most frequently used control parameters; applying the mandatory or the most frequently used control parameters at the target node. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein determining, for each context switch, the mandatory or most frequently used control parameters comprises:
observing the pattern of use of ACL control parameters to determine the mandatory or most frequently used control parameters. 27. The method of claim 22, comprising detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through the graph of operational context switches. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein detecting a pattern of use of plural control parameters in a path through the graph of operational context switches comprises:
detecting said pattern in a path through a graph comprising at least one of: a system reboot, a function call, a procedure call, and a program interrupt. 29. The method of claim 22, comprising determining, using a Bloom filter, whether a control parameter pattern belongs to a particular node of the two or more nodes. 30. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising seeding said representation of said pattern with at least one of a thread identifier distinguishing a first said pattern as detected in a first thread from a further said pattern detected in a further thread and a process identifier distinguishing a first said pattern as detected in a first process from a further said pattern detected in a further process. 31. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising detecting an anomalous pattern of control parameter use as compared with a stored pattern and emitting an alert signal. 32. The method of claim 18, wherein storing the representation of said pattern comprises one or more of storing the representation in association with an indicator identifying said target operational context and storing a mathematical transform of the pattern. 33. The machine implemented method of claim 18, further comprising:
accumulating multiple said patterns at least one of a server device and a distributed processing system; and analyzing said patterns for a probability of an occurrence of at least one operational context in the execution flow path. 34. The machine implemented method of claim 33, further comprising distributing an outcome of said pattern analysis to said at least one electronic device and to at least one further electronic device. 35. The machine implemented method of claim 33, further comprising interrogating one or more said electronic devices by said at least one of a server device and a distributed processing system to acquire additional data for at least one said pattern. 36. An electronic control device comprising logic apparatus operable to perform all the steps of the method of claim 18. 37. A computer program comprising computer program code to, when loaded into a computer system, cause said system to perform all the steps of the method of claim 18. | 3,600 |
341,447 | 16,801,803 | 3,616 | A powder coating composition includes: a film-forming resin; a lignin polymer that is substantially free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups; and a crosslinker reactive with functional groups of the film-forming resin and the lignin polymer. The lignin polymer includes at least 5 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. Further, when cured to form a coating, the film-forming resin and lignin polymer react and chemically bond with the crosslinker to form a binder of the coating. | 1. A powder coating composition comprising:
a film-forming resin; a lignin polymer that is substantially free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups; and a crosslinker reactive with the functional groups of the film-forming resin and the lignin polymer, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 5 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition, and wherein, when cured to form a coating, the film-forming resin and lignin polymer react and chemically bond with the crosslinker to form a binder of the coating. 2. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 9 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. 3. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 20 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. 4. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer is completely free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups. 5. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin is selected from an organosolv lignin, Kraft lignin, soda lignin, lignin derived from a liquid extraction processes or ethanol production processes, or combinations thereof. 6. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises a polyester polymer, an epoxy polymer, an (meth)acrylic polymer, a copolymer thereof, or combinations thereof. 7. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises a carboxylic acid functional polyester polymer. 8. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises an epoxy functional resin. 9. The powder coating composition of claim 8, wherein the epoxy functional resin comprises a bisphenol A epoxy functional resin. 10. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin has a glass transition temperature of at least 45° C. 11. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the crosslinker comprises an epoxy functional crosslinker, a phenolic functional crosslinker, an isocyanate functional crosslinker, a hydroxyl functional crosslinker, or a combination thereof. 12. The powder coating composition of claim 1, further comprising a catalyst. 13. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of a catalyst. 14. A substrate at least partially coated with the coating formed from the powder coating composition of claim 1. 15. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating is formed directly over a surface of the substrate. 16. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating forms a monocoat over at least a portion of the substrate. 17. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating forms at least one layer of a multi-layer coating. 18. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a metal. 19. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the substrate forms at least a portion of an automotive vehicle. | A powder coating composition includes: a film-forming resin; a lignin polymer that is substantially free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups; and a crosslinker reactive with functional groups of the film-forming resin and the lignin polymer. The lignin polymer includes at least 5 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. Further, when cured to form a coating, the film-forming resin and lignin polymer react and chemically bond with the crosslinker to form a binder of the coating.1. A powder coating composition comprising:
a film-forming resin; a lignin polymer that is substantially free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups; and a crosslinker reactive with the functional groups of the film-forming resin and the lignin polymer, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 5 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition, and wherein, when cured to form a coating, the film-forming resin and lignin polymer react and chemically bond with the crosslinker to form a binder of the coating. 2. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 9 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. 3. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer comprises at least 20 weight % of the powder coating composition, based on the total solids weight of the powder coating composition. 4. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin polymer is completely free of sulfonate or sulfonic acid groups. 5. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the lignin is selected from an organosolv lignin, Kraft lignin, soda lignin, lignin derived from a liquid extraction processes or ethanol production processes, or combinations thereof. 6. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises a polyester polymer, an epoxy polymer, an (meth)acrylic polymer, a copolymer thereof, or combinations thereof. 7. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises a carboxylic acid functional polyester polymer. 8. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin comprises an epoxy functional resin. 9. The powder coating composition of claim 8, wherein the epoxy functional resin comprises a bisphenol A epoxy functional resin. 10. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the film-forming resin has a glass transition temperature of at least 45° C. 11. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the crosslinker comprises an epoxy functional crosslinker, a phenolic functional crosslinker, an isocyanate functional crosslinker, a hydroxyl functional crosslinker, or a combination thereof. 12. The powder coating composition of claim 1, further comprising a catalyst. 13. The powder coating composition of claim 1, wherein the coating composition is substantially free of a catalyst. 14. A substrate at least partially coated with the coating formed from the powder coating composition of claim 1. 15. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating is formed directly over a surface of the substrate. 16. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating forms a monocoat over at least a portion of the substrate. 17. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the coating forms at least one layer of a multi-layer coating. 18. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the substrate is a metal. 19. The substrate of claim 14, wherein the substrate forms at least a portion of an automotive vehicle. | 3,600 |
341,448 | 16,801,718 | 3,616 | A front link of a sunroof apparatus shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. In a side view from a width direction of the front link, a first guide groove, through which the first guide shaft is inserted, extends so as to intersect with a line segment connecting a front connection shaft and a front support shaft. | 1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle; and
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove, and moves along the guide rail,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel is moved rearward from the front-up position, the front link shifts, based on power to be transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position,
the rear link shifts, based on power to be transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the first guide groove extends so as to intersect with a line segment connecting the front connection shaft and the front support shaft, in a side view of the front link from the width direction of the vehicle. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link rotates between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position when the first guide shaft slides with the first guide groove, and moves along the guide rail between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position when the first guide shaft presses an end of the first guide groove, and the front support mechanism includes a front link check that restricts movement of the front link along the guide rail when the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall in which a first recess is formed, the front link check is configured to include: a connection part to be connected to the front link in a relatively rotatable manner by the front support shaft; and a front lever that extends in a forward position of the vehicle from the connection part and includes a first convex that can engage with the first recess, in a state where the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position, movement of the front link along the guide rail is restricted when the first convex engages with the first recess, and, in a state where the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, movement of the front link along the guide rail is allowed when the first convex disengages from the first recess. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link check is configured to include a rear lever extending in a rearward direction of the vehicle from the connection part, and the front link includes a pressing surface that, when a position that is between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position and that is closer to the front-up corresponding position than the full-close corresponding position is defined as a check switching position, in a state where the front link is positioned between the check switching position and the full-open corresponding position, presses the rear lever of the front link check against the wall. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front lever includes a sliding surface extending along the guide rail in a state where the first convex is engaged with the first recess, and, when the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the check switching position, the front shoe slides with the sliding surface of the front lever of the front link check. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 13. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 14. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 15. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 16. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 17. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 18. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 19. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 20. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. | A front link of a sunroof apparatus shifts, based on power transmitted from a first guide shaft of a front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows a movable panel to be arranged in a full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a front-up position and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in a full-open position. In a side view from a width direction of the front link, a first guide groove, through which the first guide shaft is inserted, extends so as to intersect with a line segment connecting a front connection shaft and a front support shaft.1. A sunroof apparatus comprising:
a movable panel that opens/closes an opening formed in a roof of a vehicle; a panel bracket that supports the movable panel; a guide rail that extends in a front-rear direction of the vehicle; a drive shoe that moves along the guide rail; and a front support mechanism and a rear support mechanism that support the panel bracket, wherein the front support mechanism includes:
a front link that supports a front edge of the panel bracket and has a first guide groove;
a front connection shaft that connects the panel bracket and the front link in a relatively rotatable manner around an axial line extending in a width direction of the vehicle;
a front support shaft that supports the front link in a rotatable manner around an axial line extending in the width direction of the vehicle; and
a front shoe that is configured to include a first guide shaft to be inserted in the width direction of the vehicle through the first guide groove, and moves along the guide rail,
the rear support mechanism includes a rear link that supports the panel bracket at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front link, the movable panel performs:
a first tilt operation between a full-close position where the movable panel fully closes the opening and a rear-up position where a rear edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the full-close position;
a second tilt operation between the rear-up position and a front-up position where a front edge of the movable panel is raised higher than the rear-up position; and
a slide operation between the front-up position and a full-open position where the movable panel is moved rearward from the front-up position, the front link shifts, based on power to be transmitted from the first guide shaft of the front shoe, among a full-close corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position, a front-up corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the front-up position, and a full-open corresponding position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-open position,
the rear link shifts, based on power to be transmitted from the drive shoe, between a collapsed position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the full-close position and a standing position that allows the movable panel to be arranged in the rear-up position, and the first guide groove extends so as to intersect with a line segment connecting the front connection shaft and the front support shaft, in a side view of the front link from the width direction of the vehicle. 2. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link rotates between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position when the first guide shaft slides with the first guide groove, and moves along the guide rail between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position when the first guide shaft presses an end of the first guide groove, and the front support mechanism includes a front link check that restricts movement of the front link along the guide rail when the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position. 3. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the guide rail includes a wall in which a first recess is formed, the front link check is configured to include: a connection part to be connected to the front link in a relatively rotatable manner by the front support shaft; and a front lever that extends in a forward position of the vehicle from the connection part and includes a first convex that can engage with the first recess, in a state where the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position, movement of the front link along the guide rail is restricted when the first convex engages with the first recess, and, in a state where the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, movement of the front link along the guide rail is allowed when the first convex disengages from the first recess. 4. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link check is configured to include a rear lever extending in a rearward direction of the vehicle from the connection part, and the front link includes a pressing surface that, when a position that is between the full-close corresponding position and the front-up corresponding position and that is closer to the front-up corresponding position than the full-close corresponding position is defined as a check switching position, in a state where the front link is positioned between the check switching position and the full-open corresponding position, presses the rear lever of the front link check against the wall. 5. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front lever includes a sliding surface extending along the guide rail in a state where the first convex is engaged with the first recess, and, when the front link is positioned between the full-close corresponding position and the check switching position, the front shoe slides with the sliding surface of the front lever of the front link check. 6. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 7. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 8. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 9. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 10. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the front link is configured to include a first holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the guide rail from above at a forward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 11. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 12. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 13. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 14. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 15. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 16. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 17. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 18. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 19. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. 20. The sunroof apparatus according to claim 10, wherein
the front link is configured to include a second holding shaft that, when the front link is positioned between the front-up corresponding position and the full-open corresponding position, can engage with the front shoe from above at a rearward position of the vehicle from the front support shaft. | 3,600 |
341,449 | 16,801,814 | 3,679 | A syringe having barrel defining an outer circumferential surface, and a distal end including a non-luer tip that is not connectable to an intravenous device. The syringe barrel defines a snap-in, syringe engagement feature, adjacent to its distal end, oriented on its outer circumferential surface, which is selectively insertable within a bore of a complementary enteral collar. A proximal end of the enteral collar has a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature, in the bore of the collar. In some embodiments, the snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature includes one or more cantilever snap joints, which engage a recess in the syringe engagement feature, upon axial insertion of the syringe tip into the bore of the collar. In some embodiments, the enteral collar engagement feature includes a discontinuous-annular snap joint. The enteral collar is sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. | 1. A syringe comprising:
a syringe barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end, the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface, and a snap-in, syringe engagement feature oriented on the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar that is complementary to and engageable with the syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature selectively biased initially in a direction away from a centerline of the bore upon initial axial insertion and advancement of the tip of the syringe into the bore and then biased in a direction toward the bore centerline upon snap-in engagement with the syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 2. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the respective enteral collar engagement and syringe engagement features comprise a concave recess formed on one of the engagement features and a complementary mating convex projection on the other of the engagement features. 3. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the enteral collar engagement feature comprises at least one cantilever snap joint, with a cantilever arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar. 4. The syringe of claim 3, wherein the syringe engagement feature comprises a recess formed in the outer circumferential surface of the barrel, which captures an opposed projecting hook formed in the cantilever arm of the cantilever snap joint. 5. The syringe of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of cantilever snap joints oriented circumferentially about the bore of the enteral collar. 6. The syringe of claim 5, the enteral collar further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end thereof between a pair of cantilever snap joints. 7. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the enteral collar includes the syringe engagement feature and the distal end of the enteral collar includes threads formed in the bore thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector. 8. The syringe of claim 7, wherein all the threads are axially separated from the enteral collar engagement feature. 9. The syringe of claim 1, wherein after mating engagement of the syringe engagement feature and the enteral collar engagement feature, the enteral collar is not separable from the syringe. 10. The syringe of claim 1, further comprising mating anti-rotation features formed respectively in the outer circumferential surface of the syringe barrel and in the bore of the enteral collar, so that the enteral collar is not rotatable with respect to the syringe after mating engagement of the syringe engagement feature and the enteral collar engagement feature. 11. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the chamber has a volume in a range of 5 ml and less than 10 ml, and a dead space region that retains fluid in the chamber after fluid is expelled from the chamber, wherein the dead space region contains less than 0.075 ml of fluid. 12. The syringe of claim 1, wherein axial length of the non-luer tip is greater than the axial length of the bore of the enteral collar, so that the non-luer tip projects out of the distal end of the enteral collar after engagement of the respective syringe and enteral collar engagement features. 13. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the enteral collar is outside the fluid pathway and not in fluid communication with the chamber. 14. The syringe of claim 1, further comprising radially oriented relief cuts formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar. 15. A syringe comprising:
a syringe barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end; the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface and a snap-in, syringe engagement feature radially projecting from the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, threads formed in the bore on the distal end thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar that is complementary to and engageable with the syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature axially separated from the threads; a concave recess formed on one of the engagement features and a complementary mating convex projection on the other of the engagement features; the enteral collar engagement feature selectively biased initially in a direction away from a centerline of the bore upon initial axial insertion and advancement of the tip of the syringe into the bore and then biased in a direction toward the bore centerline upon snap-in engagement with the syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 16. The syringe of claim 15, wherein the syringe engagement feature includes the concave recess, and the enteral collar engagement feature comprises at least one cantilever snap joint, including a cantilever arm, a proximal end of the arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar and a hook coupled to a distal end of the arm, the hook projecting toward the centerline of the bore, for snap-in engagement with the concave recess of the syringe engagement feature. 17. The syringe of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of cantilever snap joints circumferentially about the bore of the enteral collar and a corresponding concave recess of the syringe engagement feature. 18. The syringe of claim 17, further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar between a pair of cantilever snap joints. 19. A syringe comprising:
a barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end; the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface, and a plurality of snap-in, syringe engagement features oriented about and radially projecting from the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof, each syringe engagement feature defining a recess; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, threads formed in the bore on the distal end thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature, for engagement with a corresponding syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature axially separated from the threads and oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar; the enteral collar engagement feature formed as a discontinuous-annular snap joint, including a plurality of cantilever snap joints, each cantilever snap joint including a cantilever arm, a proximal end of the arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar and a hook coupled to a distal end of the arm, the hook projecting toward a centerline of the bore, for snap-in engagement with the recess of its corresponding syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 20. The syringe of claim 19, further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar between a pair of the cantilever snap joints. | A syringe having barrel defining an outer circumferential surface, and a distal end including a non-luer tip that is not connectable to an intravenous device. The syringe barrel defines a snap-in, syringe engagement feature, adjacent to its distal end, oriented on its outer circumferential surface, which is selectively insertable within a bore of a complementary enteral collar. A proximal end of the enteral collar has a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature, in the bore of the collar. In some embodiments, the snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature includes one or more cantilever snap joints, which engage a recess in the syringe engagement feature, upon axial insertion of the syringe tip into the bore of the collar. In some embodiments, the enteral collar engagement feature includes a discontinuous-annular snap joint. The enteral collar is sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector.1. A syringe comprising:
a syringe barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end, the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface, and a snap-in, syringe engagement feature oriented on the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar that is complementary to and engageable with the syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature selectively biased initially in a direction away from a centerline of the bore upon initial axial insertion and advancement of the tip of the syringe into the bore and then biased in a direction toward the bore centerline upon snap-in engagement with the syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 2. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the respective enteral collar engagement and syringe engagement features comprise a concave recess formed on one of the engagement features and a complementary mating convex projection on the other of the engagement features. 3. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the enteral collar engagement feature comprises at least one cantilever snap joint, with a cantilever arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar. 4. The syringe of claim 3, wherein the syringe engagement feature comprises a recess formed in the outer circumferential surface of the barrel, which captures an opposed projecting hook formed in the cantilever arm of the cantilever snap joint. 5. The syringe of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of cantilever snap joints oriented circumferentially about the bore of the enteral collar. 6. The syringe of claim 5, the enteral collar further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end thereof between a pair of cantilever snap joints. 7. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the enteral collar includes the syringe engagement feature and the distal end of the enteral collar includes threads formed in the bore thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector. 8. The syringe of claim 7, wherein all the threads are axially separated from the enteral collar engagement feature. 9. The syringe of claim 1, wherein after mating engagement of the syringe engagement feature and the enteral collar engagement feature, the enteral collar is not separable from the syringe. 10. The syringe of claim 1, further comprising mating anti-rotation features formed respectively in the outer circumferential surface of the syringe barrel and in the bore of the enteral collar, so that the enteral collar is not rotatable with respect to the syringe after mating engagement of the syringe engagement feature and the enteral collar engagement feature. 11. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the chamber has a volume in a range of 5 ml and less than 10 ml, and a dead space region that retains fluid in the chamber after fluid is expelled from the chamber, wherein the dead space region contains less than 0.075 ml of fluid. 12. The syringe of claim 1, wherein axial length of the non-luer tip is greater than the axial length of the bore of the enteral collar, so that the non-luer tip projects out of the distal end of the enteral collar after engagement of the respective syringe and enteral collar engagement features. 13. The syringe of claim 1, wherein the enteral collar is outside the fluid pathway and not in fluid communication with the chamber. 14. The syringe of claim 1, further comprising radially oriented relief cuts formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar. 15. A syringe comprising:
a syringe barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end; the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface and a snap-in, syringe engagement feature radially projecting from the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, threads formed in the bore on the distal end thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar that is complementary to and engageable with the syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature axially separated from the threads; a concave recess formed on one of the engagement features and a complementary mating convex projection on the other of the engagement features; the enteral collar engagement feature selectively biased initially in a direction away from a centerline of the bore upon initial axial insertion and advancement of the tip of the syringe into the bore and then biased in a direction toward the bore centerline upon snap-in engagement with the syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 16. The syringe of claim 15, wherein the syringe engagement feature includes the concave recess, and the enteral collar engagement feature comprises at least one cantilever snap joint, including a cantilever arm, a proximal end of the arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar and a hook coupled to a distal end of the arm, the hook projecting toward the centerline of the bore, for snap-in engagement with the concave recess of the syringe engagement feature. 17. The syringe of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of cantilever snap joints circumferentially about the bore of the enteral collar and a corresponding concave recess of the syringe engagement feature. 18. The syringe of claim 17, further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar between a pair of cantilever snap joints. 19. A syringe comprising:
a barrel having a distal end, an open proximal end, and a sidewall extending between the distal end to the open proximal end; the sidewall defining a chamber, an outer circumferential surface, and a plurality of snap-in, syringe engagement features oriented about and radially projecting from the outer circumferential surface adjacent the distal end thereof, each syringe engagement feature defining a recess; a non-luer tip oriented on the distal end of the syringe barrel, dimensioned such that the non-luer tip is not connectable to an intravenous device, the non-luer tip defining a fluid pathway in fluid communication with the chamber; an enteral collar, defining a bore in communication with a distal end and a proximal end thereof, threads formed in the bore on the distal end thereof, for engaging a threaded, non-luer connector, the bore having a snap-in, enteral collar engagement feature, for engagement with a corresponding syringe engagement feature, the enteral collar engagement feature axially separated from the threads and oriented at the proximal end of the enteral collar; the enteral collar engagement feature formed as a discontinuous-annular snap joint, including a plurality of cantilever snap joints, each cantilever snap joint including a cantilever arm, a proximal end of the arm coupled to the bore of the enteral collar and a hook coupled to a distal end of the arm, the hook projecting toward a centerline of the bore, for snap-in engagement with the recess of its corresponding syringe engagement feature; and the enteral collar surrounding the non-luer tip when the syringe engagement feature is engaged with the enteral collar engagement feature, and the enteral collar being sized to permit connection to an enteral device and prevent connection to a device having a luer connector. 20. The syringe of claim 19, further comprising a relief cut formed in the proximal end of the enteral collar between a pair of the cantilever snap joints. | 3,600 |
341,450 | 16,801,792 | 3,679 | Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems and methods are described for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading. The 3D imaging systems and methods comprise capturing, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area. A package wall is determined, based on the set of 3D image data and by a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, a package wall within the vehicle storage area. A wall grade is assigned to the package wall, where the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. | 1. A three-dimensional (3D) imaging system configured to implement virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, the 3D imaging system comprising:
a 3D-depth camera configured to capture 3D image data, the 3D-depth camera oriented in a direction to capture a set of 3D image data of a vehicle storage area, a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, the 3D data analytics app configured to: determine, based on the set of 3D image data, a package wall within the vehicle storage area, and assign a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. 2. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade by comparing the similar depth dimension to a wall depth threshold value and by comparing the wall height to a wall height threshold value. 3. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines image wall portions within the set of 3D image data of the package wall,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a package density value for each image wall portion of the package wall, and wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade based on each package density value of each image wall portion. 4. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the package wall comprises a first image wall portion and a second image wall portion, the first wall portion having a greater package density value than the second wall portion,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a first packing location of the first image wall portion and a second packing location of the second image wall portion, and wherein the wall grade is increased based on relative packing locations of the first image wall portion and the second image wall portion, the first packing location of the first image wall portion being below or approximately below the second packing location of the second image wall portion. 5. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D-depth camera is further configured to capture 3D image data a second set of 3D image data of the vehicle storage area,
wherein the 3D data analytics app is further configured to: determine, based on the second set of 3D image data, a second package wall within the vehicle storage area, and assign a second wall grade to the second package wall, wherein the second package wall is defined within the second set of 3D image data by a second plurality of packages each having a second similar depth dimension, and wherein the second package wall has a second wall height, determine an overall wall grade of the vehicle storage area based on at least the wall grade and the second wall grade. 6. The 3D imaging system of claim 5, wherein the at least the second similar depth dimension is different from the similar depth dimension, or
wherein the second wall height is different from the wall height. 7. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, further comprising a dashboard app, the dashboard app configured to execute on a client device, and wherein the dashboard app is configured to receive the wall grade of the package wall and render the wall grade on a display of the client device. 8. The 3D imaging system of claim 7, wherein the dashboard app is further configured to display a graphical representation of the package wall, the similar depth dimension, and the wall height of the package wall on the display of the client device. 9. The 3D imaging system of claim 7 further comprising a server, the server communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the server receives the wall grade from the one or more processors, and wherein the server transmits the wall grade to the dashboard app. 10. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D-depth camera and the one or more processors are housed in a mountable device. 11. A three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, the 3D imaging method comprising:
capturing, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area; determining, based on the set of 3D image data and by a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, a package wall within the vehicle storage area; and assigning a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. 12. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade by comparing the similar depth dimension to a wall depth threshold value and by comparing the wall height to a wall height threshold value. 13. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines image wall portions within the set of 3D image data of the package wall,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a package density value for each image wall portion of the package wall, and wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade based on each package density value of each image wall portion. 14. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the package wall comprises a first image wall portion and a second image wall portion, the first wall portion having a greater package density value than the second wall portion,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a first packing location of the first image wall portion and a second packing location of the second image wall portion, and wherein the wall grade is increased based on relative packing locations of the first image wall portion and the second image wall portion, the first packing location of the first image wall portion being below or approximately below the second packing location of the second image wall portion. 15. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, further comprising:
capturing, by the 3D-depth camera, a second set of 3D image data of the vehicle storage area; determining, by the 3D data analytics app based on the second set of 3D image data, a second package wall within the vehicle storage area; assigning, by the 3D data analytics app, a second wall grade to the second package wall, wherein the second package wall is defined within the second set of 3D image data by a second plurality of packages each having a second similar depth dimension, and wherein the second package wall has a second wall height; and determining, by the 3D data analytics app, an overall wall grade of the vehicle storage area based on at least the wall grade and the second wall grade. 16. The 3D imaging method of claim 15, wherein the at least the second similar depth dimension is different from the similar depth dimension, or
wherein the second wall height is different from the wall height. 17. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting, to a dashboard app executing on a client device, the wall grade of the package wall, wherein the dashboard app renders the wall grade on a display of the client device. 18. The 3D imaging method of claim 17, wherein the dashboard app is further configured to display a graphical representation of the package wall, the similar depth dimension, and the wall height of the package wall on the display of the client device. 19. The 3D imaging method of claim 17 further comprising:
receiving, at a server communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the wall grade from the one or more processors, and wherein the server transmits the wall grade to the dashboard app. 20. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
capture, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area; determine, based on the set of 3D image data, a package wall within the vehicle storage area; and assign a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. | Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems and methods are described for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading. The 3D imaging systems and methods comprise capturing, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area. A package wall is determined, based on the set of 3D image data and by a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, a package wall within the vehicle storage area. A wall grade is assigned to the package wall, where the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height.1. A three-dimensional (3D) imaging system configured to implement virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, the 3D imaging system comprising:
a 3D-depth camera configured to capture 3D image data, the 3D-depth camera oriented in a direction to capture a set of 3D image data of a vehicle storage area, a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, the 3D data analytics app configured to: determine, based on the set of 3D image data, a package wall within the vehicle storage area, and assign a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. 2. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade by comparing the similar depth dimension to a wall depth threshold value and by comparing the wall height to a wall height threshold value. 3. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines image wall portions within the set of 3D image data of the package wall,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a package density value for each image wall portion of the package wall, and wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade based on each package density value of each image wall portion. 4. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the package wall comprises a first image wall portion and a second image wall portion, the first wall portion having a greater package density value than the second wall portion,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a first packing location of the first image wall portion and a second packing location of the second image wall portion, and wherein the wall grade is increased based on relative packing locations of the first image wall portion and the second image wall portion, the first packing location of the first image wall portion being below or approximately below the second packing location of the second image wall portion. 5. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D-depth camera is further configured to capture 3D image data a second set of 3D image data of the vehicle storage area,
wherein the 3D data analytics app is further configured to: determine, based on the second set of 3D image data, a second package wall within the vehicle storage area, and assign a second wall grade to the second package wall, wherein the second package wall is defined within the second set of 3D image data by a second plurality of packages each having a second similar depth dimension, and wherein the second package wall has a second wall height, determine an overall wall grade of the vehicle storage area based on at least the wall grade and the second wall grade. 6. The 3D imaging system of claim 5, wherein the at least the second similar depth dimension is different from the similar depth dimension, or
wherein the second wall height is different from the wall height. 7. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, further comprising a dashboard app, the dashboard app configured to execute on a client device, and wherein the dashboard app is configured to receive the wall grade of the package wall and render the wall grade on a display of the client device. 8. The 3D imaging system of claim 7, wherein the dashboard app is further configured to display a graphical representation of the package wall, the similar depth dimension, and the wall height of the package wall on the display of the client device. 9. The 3D imaging system of claim 7 further comprising a server, the server communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the server receives the wall grade from the one or more processors, and wherein the server transmits the wall grade to the dashboard app. 10. The 3D imaging system of claim 1, wherein the 3D-depth camera and the one or more processors are housed in a mountable device. 11. A three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, the 3D imaging method comprising:
capturing, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area; determining, based on the set of 3D image data and by a 3D data analytics application (app) executing on one or more processors communicatively coupled to the 3D-depth camera, a package wall within the vehicle storage area; and assigning a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. 12. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade by comparing the similar depth dimension to a wall depth threshold value and by comparing the wall height to a wall height threshold value. 13. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the 3D data analytics app determines image wall portions within the set of 3D image data of the package wall,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a package density value for each image wall portion of the package wall, and wherein the 3D data analytics app determines the wall grade based on each package density value of each image wall portion. 14. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, wherein the package wall comprises a first image wall portion and a second image wall portion, the first wall portion having a greater package density value than the second wall portion,
wherein the 3D data analytics app determines a first packing location of the first image wall portion and a second packing location of the second image wall portion, and wherein the wall grade is increased based on relative packing locations of the first image wall portion and the second image wall portion, the first packing location of the first image wall portion being below or approximately below the second packing location of the second image wall portion. 15. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, further comprising:
capturing, by the 3D-depth camera, a second set of 3D image data of the vehicle storage area; determining, by the 3D data analytics app based on the second set of 3D image data, a second package wall within the vehicle storage area; assigning, by the 3D data analytics app, a second wall grade to the second package wall, wherein the second package wall is defined within the second set of 3D image data by a second plurality of packages each having a second similar depth dimension, and wherein the second package wall has a second wall height; and determining, by the 3D data analytics app, an overall wall grade of the vehicle storage area based on at least the wall grade and the second wall grade. 16. The 3D imaging method of claim 15, wherein the at least the second similar depth dimension is different from the similar depth dimension, or
wherein the second wall height is different from the wall height. 17. The 3D imaging method of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting, to a dashboard app executing on a client device, the wall grade of the package wall, wherein the dashboard app renders the wall grade on a display of the client device. 18. The 3D imaging method of claim 17, wherein the dashboard app is further configured to display a graphical representation of the package wall, the similar depth dimension, and the wall height of the package wall on the display of the client device. 19. The 3D imaging method of claim 17 further comprising:
receiving, at a server communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, the wall grade from the one or more processors, and wherein the server transmits the wall grade to the dashboard app. 20. A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for implementing virtual grading of package walls in commercial trailer loading, that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
capture, by a 3D-depth camera, 3D image data of a vehicle storage area; determine, based on the set of 3D image data, a package wall within the vehicle storage area; and assign a wall grade to the package wall, wherein the package wall is defined within the set of 3D image data by a plurality of packages each having a similar depth dimension, and wherein the package wall has a wall height. | 3,600 |
341,451 | 16,801,793 | 3,679 | A pick-and-place machine module is provided. The pick-and-place machine module includes a nozzle and a collet disk. The nozzle includes a body, a head and a tubular element extending between the body and the head such that the head is communicative with the body via the tubular element to enable a pick-up of a component by the head. The collet disk is affixed to a surface of the body facing the head about the tubular element and is configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component. | 1. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by the head; a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component; a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 2. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 3. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 4. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by the head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 5. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 6. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 7. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 8. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 9. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 10. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 11. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 12. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 13. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 14. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 15. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 16. A pick-and-place machine, comprising:
a body; a head; a tubular element extending between the body and the head such that the head is communicative with the body via the tubular element to enable a pick-up of a component by the head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component. 17. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 18. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk is axially movable with respect to the body. 19. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk is shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 20. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. | A pick-and-place machine module is provided. The pick-and-place machine module includes a nozzle and a collet disk. The nozzle includes a body, a head and a tubular element extending between the body and the head such that the head is communicative with the body via the tubular element to enable a pick-up of a component by the head. The collet disk is affixed to a surface of the body facing the head about the tubular element and is configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component.1. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by the head; a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component; a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 2. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 3. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 4. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by the head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 5. A pick-and-place machine for picking a component up off a base, the pick-and-place machine comprising:
a body; a head defining a through-hole; a tubular element extending between the body and the head by which the through-hole is communicative with suction to enable a pick-up of the component by head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 6. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 7. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 1, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 8. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 9. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 10. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 11. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 4, wherein the collet disk is at least one of axially movable with respect to the body and shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 12. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. 13. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a flat disk with light or specular coloration. 14. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a covering for the surface of the body with light or specular coloration. 15. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 5, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 16. A pick-and-place machine, comprising:
a body; a head; a tubular element extending between the body and the head such that the head is communicative with the body via the tubular element to enable a pick-up of a component by the head; and a collet disk affixed to the body about the tubular element and configured to reflect light incident thereon toward an area of the base surrounding the component. 17. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk comprises a curved surface. 18. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk is axially movable with respect to the body. 19. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, wherein the collet disk is shape changing to focus light onto the area of the base. 20. The pick-and-place machine according to claim 16, further comprising:
a light source disposed at the base about the component and configured to emit the light incident on the collet disk; an optical targeting mechanism configured to identify a three-dimensional location of the component on the base from the light reflected toward the area of the base by the collet disk; a servo mechanism coupled to the body and configured to manipulate the body in three-dimensions; and a controller which is receptive of information reflective of the three-dimensional location from the optical targeting mechanism and configured to control the servo mechanism in accordance with the information. | 3,600 |
341,452 | 16,801,786 | 3,679 | A system includes a memory and a processor in communication with the memory. The processor is configured to create an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, where the developer tools are installed with the framework. Using a searchable interface for finding developer tools, the processor is configured to access an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool and configure the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application. | 1. A method, comprising:
creating an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, wherein developer tools are installed with the framework; accessing an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool, wherein the developer tools are searchable through the interface; and configuring the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
incorporating the configured implementation within source code of the application. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein incorporating further comprises:
parsing the source code of the application to identify a structure of the application; searching the structure of the application to determine at least one location within the source code of the application to include the configured implementation; and providing a user the at least one location within the source code for selection. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein incorporating further comprises:
upon receiving the user selection, placing the configured implementation within the source code of the application at the selected location; resolving any dependencies created by placing the configured implementation; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with the dependencies. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is a plugin. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is an extension. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is installable via the interface 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
building a production build of the application, which removes access to provisioned developer tools from the application. 9. A system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor in communication with the memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform:
creating an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, wherein developer tools are installed with the framework;
accessing an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool, wherein the developer tools are searchable through the interface; and
configuring the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
incorporating the configured implementation within source code of the application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein incorporating further comprises:
parsing the source code of the application to identify a structure of the application; searching the structure of the application to determine at least one location within the source code of the application to include the configured implementation; and providing a user the at least one location within the source code for selection. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein incorporating further comprises:
upon receiving the user selection, placing the configured implementation within the source code of the application at the selected location; resolving any dependencies created by placing the configured implementation; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with the dependencies. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is a plugin. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is an extension. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is installable via the interface 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
building a production build of the application, which removes access to provisioned developer tools from the application. 17. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
building a container for deployment of the application, wherein the building the container removes the developer tool from the application; and deploying the container. 18. A system, comprising:
a distribution server having a distribution package; a local computer including a processor and memory, wherein the local computer is in communication with the distribution server; and computer-executable program logic, encoded in the memory of the local computer, wherein the computer-executable program logic is configured for the execution of:
retrieving a distribution package from a distribution server, wherein the distribution package includes the framework, developer tools associated with the framework, and an interface;
installing the distribution package on the local computer; and
providing access to the framework and the interface, wherein the interface provides searchable access to the developer tools. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein installing the distribution package comprises:
installing the framework, developer tools, and the interface on the local computer; and configuring the interface to provide a web interface and a command line interface (CLI). 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer-executable program logic is further configured for the execution of:
receiving a request to add one or more extensions; retrieving the one or more extensions; resolving dependencies of each of the one or more extensions; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with each of the dependencies. | A system includes a memory and a processor in communication with the memory. The processor is configured to create an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, where the developer tools are installed with the framework. Using a searchable interface for finding developer tools, the processor is configured to access an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool and configure the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application.1. A method, comprising:
creating an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, wherein developer tools are installed with the framework; accessing an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool, wherein the developer tools are searchable through the interface; and configuring the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
incorporating the configured implementation within source code of the application. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein incorporating further comprises:
parsing the source code of the application to identify a structure of the application; searching the structure of the application to determine at least one location within the source code of the application to include the configured implementation; and providing a user the at least one location within the source code for selection. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein incorporating further comprises:
upon receiving the user selection, placing the configured implementation within the source code of the application at the selected location; resolving any dependencies created by placing the configured implementation; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with the dependencies. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is a plugin. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is an extension. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the developer tool is installable via the interface 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
building a production build of the application, which removes access to provisioned developer tools from the application. 9. A system, comprising:
a memory; and a processor in communication with the memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform:
creating an application with a framework including a plurality of related classes, wherein developer tools are installed with the framework;
accessing an interface to the developer tools to find a developer tool, wherein the developer tools are searchable through the interface; and
configuring the developer tool to create a configured implementation for use in the application. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
incorporating the configured implementation within source code of the application. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein incorporating further comprises:
parsing the source code of the application to identify a structure of the application; searching the structure of the application to determine at least one location within the source code of the application to include the configured implementation; and providing a user the at least one location within the source code for selection. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein incorporating further comprises:
upon receiving the user selection, placing the configured implementation within the source code of the application at the selected location; resolving any dependencies created by placing the configured implementation; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with the dependencies. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is a plugin. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is an extension. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the developer tool is installable via the interface 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
building a production build of the application, which removes access to provisioned developer tools from the application. 17. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to perform:
building a container for deployment of the application, wherein the building the container removes the developer tool from the application; and deploying the container. 18. A system, comprising:
a distribution server having a distribution package; a local computer including a processor and memory, wherein the local computer is in communication with the distribution server; and computer-executable program logic, encoded in the memory of the local computer, wherein the computer-executable program logic is configured for the execution of:
retrieving a distribution package from a distribution server, wherein the distribution package includes the framework, developer tools associated with the framework, and an interface;
installing the distribution package on the local computer; and
providing access to the framework and the interface, wherein the interface provides searchable access to the developer tools. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein installing the distribution package comprises:
installing the framework, developer tools, and the interface on the local computer; and configuring the interface to provide a web interface and a command line interface (CLI). 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the computer-executable program logic is further configured for the execution of:
receiving a request to add one or more extensions; retrieving the one or more extensions; resolving dependencies of each of the one or more extensions; and registering, via the interface, developer tools associated with each of the dependencies. | 3,600 |
341,453 | 16,801,765 | 3,679 | A cooking system positionable on a support surface including a housing having an internal heating compartment and an opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment. The housing is movable between a first position and second position. The opening is arranged within a first plane when said housing is in said first position, and the opening is arranged within a second plane when said housing is in said second position, said first plane and said second plane being distinct. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A cooking system mountable on a support surface, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having an internal heating compartment and an opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; and a swivel structure arranged at an exterior of said housing, said swivel structure defining a swivel axis, wherein said housing is rotatable about said swivel axis between a first position and a second position. 19. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said opening is arranged at a first extent of said housing, and said swivel axis is positioned at a location of said housing proximate a second extent of said housing generally opposite said opening and said first extent. 20. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said housing includes a plurality of walls includes a bottom and a rear wall, said swivel axis being located at an interface between said rear wall and said bottom. 21. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes a rounded feature. 22. The cooking system of claim 21, wherein said rounded feature is distinct from a plurality of rounded edges of said housing. 23. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes an at least one arcuate feature connected to said housing. 24. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes a base and at least one support arm connectable to said housing, said at least one support arm includes a pin connector defining said swivel axis. 25. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said opening is arranged within a first plane when said housing is in said first position and said opening is arranged within a second plane when said housing is in said second position, said first plane and said second plane being distinct. 26. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said first position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally horizontally, and a plane including said opening is arranged is oriented generally vertically. 27. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said second position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally vertically, and a plane including said opening is oriented generally horizontally. 28. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said first position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally parallel to the support surface, and in said second position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally perpendicular to the support surface. 29. A cooking system, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having a plurality of sides that define an internal heating compartment; a first opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; a second opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment, said first opening being located at a first side of said plurality of sides, and said second opening being located at a second side of said plurality of sides; and a cleaning door movable relative to said housing to selectively seal said second opening. 30. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said housing is movable between a first position and a second position, and said second opening is accessible when said housing is in said second position. 31. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said second opening is accessible when said cleaning door is in an open position. 32. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said second opening is inaccessible when said cleaning door is in a closed position. 33. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein an area of said second opening is greater than an area of said first opening. 34. The cooking system of claim 29, further comprising a door movable relative to said housing to selective close said first opening. 35. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said plurality of sides includes a left sidewall, a right sidewall, a top, a bottom, a rear wall, and a front wall, and said first side includes said front wall. 36. The cooking system of claim 35, wherein said second side includes said bottom. 37. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said housing is movable between a first position and a second position, and when said housing is in said second position, said cleaning door is movable between a closed position and an open position. 38. The cooking system of claim 37, further comprising a heating element operable to heat said internal heating compartment, wherein said heating element is de-energized when said cleaning door is in said open position. 39.-43. (canceled) 44. A cooking system, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having a plurality of sides that define an internal heating compartment; and a first opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; wherein said internal heating compartment includes structures positioned and included in said heating compartment to optimize heat distribution therein, said structures including at least one of a reflector, at least one heating element with a varying heat output along a length thereof, and at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution along a length thereof. 45. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element with a varying heat output along a length thereof includes a first region having a first heat output and a second region having a second heat output. 46. The cooking system of claim 45, wherein said first region is arranged adjacent at least one end of said heating element and said second region is arranged at a center of said heating element. 47. The cooking system of claim 45, wherein a first end and a second end of said at least one heating element are said first region and includes 1/8 of a length of said at least one heating element and said center of said heating element is said second region and includes 3/4 of said length of said heating element. 48. The cooking system of claim 47, wherein said heating element includes a coiled wire, and said coiled wire within said first region has a first spacing and said coiled wire within said second region has a second spacing. 49. (canceled) 50. (canceled) 51. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution is at least one heating element guard with a varying aperture distribution, said at least one heating element guard with a varying aperture distribution including a first portion having a first aperture distribution and a second portion having a second aperture distribution. 52. The cooking system of claim 51, wherein said first aperture distribution is greater than said second aperture distribution. 53. The cooking system of claim 51, wherein said first portion is arranged adjacent at least one an end of said at least one heating element guard and said second portion is arranged at a center of said at least one heating element guard. 54. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution is a plurality of heating element guards, each of said plurality of heating elements guards includes a plurality of apertures, wherein said plurality of apertures vary from heating element guard to heating element guard across a depth of said internal heating compartment. 55. The cooking system of claim 54, wherein plurality of heating element guards includes a first heating element guard adjacent a front of said internal heating compartment and a second heating element guard adjacent a center or rear of said internal heating compartment, wherein said plurality of apertures of said first heating element guard are larger than said plurality of apertures of said second heating element guard. 56. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein when the system is in the cooking mode, said at least one reflector is disposed at a relatively upper portion of said internal heating compartment. 57. The cooking system of claim 56, wherein when the system is in said cooking mode, said at least one reflector includes a plurality of relatively upper surfaces and a plurality of relatively lower surfaces coupled by a plurality of angled surfaces. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. (canceled) 61. (canceled) 62. The cooking system of claim 55, wherein said at least one heating element is arranged within an opening formed between said plurality of upper surfaces and said plurality of lower surfaces, generally adjacent an upper flange. 63.-76. (canceled) | A cooking system positionable on a support surface including a housing having an internal heating compartment and an opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment. The housing is movable between a first position and second position. The opening is arranged within a first plane when said housing is in said first position, and the opening is arranged within a second plane when said housing is in said second position, said first plane and said second plane being distinct.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A cooking system mountable on a support surface, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having an internal heating compartment and an opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; and a swivel structure arranged at an exterior of said housing, said swivel structure defining a swivel axis, wherein said housing is rotatable about said swivel axis between a first position and a second position. 19. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said opening is arranged at a first extent of said housing, and said swivel axis is positioned at a location of said housing proximate a second extent of said housing generally opposite said opening and said first extent. 20. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said housing includes a plurality of walls includes a bottom and a rear wall, said swivel axis being located at an interface between said rear wall and said bottom. 21. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes a rounded feature. 22. The cooking system of claim 21, wherein said rounded feature is distinct from a plurality of rounded edges of said housing. 23. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes an at least one arcuate feature connected to said housing. 24. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said swivel structure includes a base and at least one support arm connectable to said housing, said at least one support arm includes a pin connector defining said swivel axis. 25. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein said opening is arranged within a first plane when said housing is in said first position and said opening is arranged within a second plane when said housing is in said second position, said first plane and said second plane being distinct. 26. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said first position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally horizontally, and a plane including said opening is arranged is oriented generally vertically. 27. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said second position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally vertically, and a plane including said opening is oriented generally horizontally. 28. The cooking system of claim 18, wherein in said first position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally parallel to the support surface, and in said second position said internal heating compartment is oriented generally perpendicular to the support surface. 29. A cooking system, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having a plurality of sides that define an internal heating compartment; a first opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; a second opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment, said first opening being located at a first side of said plurality of sides, and said second opening being located at a second side of said plurality of sides; and a cleaning door movable relative to said housing to selectively seal said second opening. 30. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said housing is movable between a first position and a second position, and said second opening is accessible when said housing is in said second position. 31. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said second opening is accessible when said cleaning door is in an open position. 32. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said second opening is inaccessible when said cleaning door is in a closed position. 33. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein an area of said second opening is greater than an area of said first opening. 34. The cooking system of claim 29, further comprising a door movable relative to said housing to selective close said first opening. 35. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said plurality of sides includes a left sidewall, a right sidewall, a top, a bottom, a rear wall, and a front wall, and said first side includes said front wall. 36. The cooking system of claim 35, wherein said second side includes said bottom. 37. The cooking system of claim 29, wherein said housing is movable between a first position and a second position, and when said housing is in said second position, said cleaning door is movable between a closed position and an open position. 38. The cooking system of claim 37, further comprising a heating element operable to heat said internal heating compartment, wherein said heating element is de-energized when said cleaning door is in said open position. 39.-43. (canceled) 44. A cooking system, the cooking system comprising:
a housing having a plurality of sides that define an internal heating compartment; and a first opening formed in said housing for accessing said internal heating compartment; wherein said internal heating compartment includes structures positioned and included in said heating compartment to optimize heat distribution therein, said structures including at least one of a reflector, at least one heating element with a varying heat output along a length thereof, and at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution along a length thereof. 45. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element with a varying heat output along a length thereof includes a first region having a first heat output and a second region having a second heat output. 46. The cooking system of claim 45, wherein said first region is arranged adjacent at least one end of said heating element and said second region is arranged at a center of said heating element. 47. The cooking system of claim 45, wherein a first end and a second end of said at least one heating element are said first region and includes 1/8 of a length of said at least one heating element and said center of said heating element is said second region and includes 3/4 of said length of said heating element. 48. The cooking system of claim 47, wherein said heating element includes a coiled wire, and said coiled wire within said first region has a first spacing and said coiled wire within said second region has a second spacing. 49. (canceled) 50. (canceled) 51. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution is at least one heating element guard with a varying aperture distribution, said at least one heating element guard with a varying aperture distribution including a first portion having a first aperture distribution and a second portion having a second aperture distribution. 52. The cooking system of claim 51, wherein said first aperture distribution is greater than said second aperture distribution. 53. The cooking system of claim 51, wherein said first portion is arranged adjacent at least one an end of said at least one heating element guard and said second portion is arranged at a center of said at least one heating element guard. 54. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein said at least one heating element guard with a desirable aperture distribution is a plurality of heating element guards, each of said plurality of heating elements guards includes a plurality of apertures, wherein said plurality of apertures vary from heating element guard to heating element guard across a depth of said internal heating compartment. 55. The cooking system of claim 54, wherein plurality of heating element guards includes a first heating element guard adjacent a front of said internal heating compartment and a second heating element guard adjacent a center or rear of said internal heating compartment, wherein said plurality of apertures of said first heating element guard are larger than said plurality of apertures of said second heating element guard. 56. The cooking system of claim 44, wherein when the system is in the cooking mode, said at least one reflector is disposed at a relatively upper portion of said internal heating compartment. 57. The cooking system of claim 56, wherein when the system is in said cooking mode, said at least one reflector includes a plurality of relatively upper surfaces and a plurality of relatively lower surfaces coupled by a plurality of angled surfaces. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. (canceled) 61. (canceled) 62. The cooking system of claim 55, wherein said at least one heating element is arranged within an opening formed between said plurality of upper surfaces and said plurality of lower surfaces, generally adjacent an upper flange. 63.-76. (canceled) | 3,600 |
341,454 | 16,801,762 | 3,679 | A game apparatus provides a game using three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of their orientation, and includes a circulating mechanism configured to circulate the three-dimensional game objects. The circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the game, the part entering the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position lower than the third position. | 1. A game apparatus for providing a game in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a circulating mechanism configured to circulate the three-dimensional game objects, wherein the circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the game, wherein the part of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 2. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor device is configured to continue to be in an operation state for transporting the three-dimensional game objects, to thereby continue to supply the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the game object utilizer. 3. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the game object utilizer is positioned higher than the first position, and the part of the three-dimensional game objects used in the game moves downward, and is then collected by the second path. 4. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the game object utilizer includes a first game object utilizer and a second game object utilizer, in each of which three-dimensional game objects are reserved, the supply path includes a first supply path and a second supply path positioned downstream of the first supply path, wherein the first supply path is for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to the first game object utilizer, and wherein the second supply path is for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to the second game object utilizer, and a part of the three-dimensional game objects that moves toward the first supply path from the second position moves toward the third position in a case in which the first game object utilizer is in an entry restricted state, and then is allowed to enter the second supply path. 5. The game apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first game field and a second game field, wherein the game includes a first game and a second game that are provided in parallel to different players, and wherein the first game is provided in the first game field and the second game is provided in the second game field,
wherein:
the game object utilizer includes a third game object utilizer and a fourth game object utilizer, wherein the third game object utilizer uses a part of the three-dimensional game objects in the first game provided in the first game field and wherein the fourth game object utilizer uses a part of the three-dimensional game objects in the second game provided in the second game field, and
the supply path includes a third supply path and a fourth supply path, wherein the third supply path is for supply of the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the third game object utilizer and wherein the fourth supply path is for supply of the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the fourth game object utilizer. 6. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 7. The game apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. 8. A game apparatus for providing games in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a first game field and a second game field, wherein the games includes a first game and a second game that are provided in parallel to different players in the first game field and in the second game field, respectively, and wherein the three-dimensional game objects include a first subset and a second subset; a first circulating mechanism corresponding to the first game field; and a second circulating mechanism corresponding to the second game field, wherein the first circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the first game, wherein the part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position, wherein the second circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the second game, wherein the part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 9. The game apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a sorter configured to sort a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the first circulating mechanism and a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the second circulating mechanism, into the second path of the first circulating mechanism and the second path of the second circulating mechanism. 10. The game apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 11. The game apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. 12. A game apparatus for providing games in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a first game field, a second game field, a third game field, and a fourth game field, wherein the games include a first game, a second game, a third game, and a fourth game that are provided in parallel to different players in the first game field, the second game field, the third game field, and in the fourth game field, respectively, and wherein the three-dimensional game objects include a first subset and a second subset; a first circulating mechanism corresponding to the first and the second game fields; and a second circulating mechanism corresponding to the third and fourth game fields, wherein the first circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in at least one of the first game or the second game, wherein the part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position, wherein the second circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in at least one of the third game or the fourth game, wherein the part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 13. The game apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a sorter configured to sort a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the first circulating mechanism and a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the second circulating mechanism, into the second path of the first circulating mechanism and the second path of the second circulating mechanism. 14. The game apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 15. The game apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. | A game apparatus provides a game using three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of their orientation, and includes a circulating mechanism configured to circulate the three-dimensional game objects. The circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the game, the part entering the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position lower than the third position.1. A game apparatus for providing a game in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a circulating mechanism configured to circulate the three-dimensional game objects, wherein the circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the game, wherein the part of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 2. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor device is configured to continue to be in an operation state for transporting the three-dimensional game objects, to thereby continue to supply the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the game object utilizer. 3. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the game object utilizer is positioned higher than the first position, and the part of the three-dimensional game objects used in the game moves downward, and is then collected by the second path. 4. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the game object utilizer includes a first game object utilizer and a second game object utilizer, in each of which three-dimensional game objects are reserved, the supply path includes a first supply path and a second supply path positioned downstream of the first supply path, wherein the first supply path is for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to the first game object utilizer, and wherein the second supply path is for supply of a part of the three-dimensional game objects to the second game object utilizer, and a part of the three-dimensional game objects that moves toward the first supply path from the second position moves toward the third position in a case in which the first game object utilizer is in an entry restricted state, and then is allowed to enter the second supply path. 5. The game apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first game field and a second game field, wherein the game includes a first game and a second game that are provided in parallel to different players, and wherein the first game is provided in the first game field and the second game is provided in the second game field,
wherein:
the game object utilizer includes a third game object utilizer and a fourth game object utilizer, wherein the third game object utilizer uses a part of the three-dimensional game objects in the first game provided in the first game field and wherein the fourth game object utilizer uses a part of the three-dimensional game objects in the second game provided in the second game field, and
the supply path includes a third supply path and a fourth supply path, wherein the third supply path is for supply of the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the third game object utilizer and wherein the fourth supply path is for supply of the part of the three-dimensional game objects to the fourth game object utilizer. 6. The game apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 7. The game apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. 8. A game apparatus for providing games in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a first game field and a second game field, wherein the games includes a first game and a second game that are provided in parallel to different players in the first game field and in the second game field, respectively, and wherein the three-dimensional game objects include a first subset and a second subset; a first circulating mechanism corresponding to the first game field; and a second circulating mechanism corresponding to the second game field, wherein the first circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the first game, wherein the part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position, wherein the second circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in the second game, wherein the part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 9. The game apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a sorter configured to sort a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the first circulating mechanism and a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the second circulating mechanism, into the second path of the first circulating mechanism and the second path of the second circulating mechanism. 10. The game apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 11. The game apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. 12. A game apparatus for providing games in which three-dimensional game objects rollable regardless of an orientation of the three-dimensional game objects are used, the game apparatus comprising:
a first game field, a second game field, a third game field, and a fourth game field, wherein the games include a first game, a second game, a third game, and a fourth game that are provided in parallel to different players in the first game field, the second game field, the third game field, and in the fourth game field, respectively, and wherein the three-dimensional game objects include a first subset and a second subset; a first circulating mechanism corresponding to the first and the second game fields; and a second circulating mechanism corresponding to the third and fourth game fields, wherein the first circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in at least one of the first game or the second game, wherein the part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position, wherein the second circulating mechanism includes: a conveyor device configured to transport the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from a first position to a second position that is higher than the first position; a first path configured to move the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects from the second position to a third position that is lower than the second position; a supply path for supply of a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects to a game object utilizer that uses the supplied three-dimensional game objects in at least one of the third game or the fourth game, wherein the part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects enters the supply path at a position between the second position and the third position; and a second path configured to move a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects not entering the supply path, to the first position that is lower than the third position. 13. The game apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a sorter configured to sort a part of the first subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the first circulating mechanism and a part of the second subset of the three-dimensional game objects that does not enter the supply path of the second circulating mechanism, into the second path of the first circulating mechanism and the second path of the second circulating mechanism. 14. The game apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the conveyor device has a plurality of transport paths configured to transport the three-dimensional game objects in parallel. 15. The game apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a total number of the game object utilizers is less than a total number of the plurality of transport paths. | 3,600 |
341,455 | 16,801,776 | 3,679 | A method of managing a stack includes detecting, by a stack manager of a processor, that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack. The first stack is used by a particular task executing at the processor. The method also includes designating a second stack for use by the particular task. The method further includes copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack. The metadata enables the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task. The method also includes allocating the frame in the second stack. | 1. A device for stack management comprising:
a first memory configured to include a first stack; a second memory configured to include a second stack; and a stack manager of a processor, the stack manager configured to:
detect that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of the first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor;
designate the second stack for use by the particular task;
copy metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and
allocate the frame in the second stack. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor includes the first memory, and wherein the second memory is external to the processor. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, based at least in part on determining that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack, store an address of a return handler in a link return register, wherein the frame allocated in the second stack is associated with a function call. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from the function call, execute the return handler corresponding to the address stored in the link return register. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, execute a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocate the second stack from the particular task. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designate the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 9. A method of managing a stack, the method comprising:
detecting, by a stack manager of a processor, that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor; designating a second stack for use by the particular task; copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and allocating the frame in the second stack. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein detecting that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack includes detecting an exception caused by a stack limit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the designating, the copying, and the allocating are performed by an exception handler in the processor in response to the exception. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising, based at least in part on determining that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack, storing an address of a return handler in a link return register, wherein the frame allocated in the second stack is associated with a function call. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from the function call, executing the return handler corresponding to the address stored in the link return register. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, executing a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocating the second stack from the particular task. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designating the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 18. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting, by the stack manager, that a second size of a second frame to be allocated exceeds available space of the second stack; and designating a third stack to be used by the particular task. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein the designating of the second stack and the transitioning from the second stack to the first stack are performed independently of a memory management unit. 20. The method of claim 9, wherein the first stack is included in a first memory that has a reduced latency time as compared to a second memory that includes the second stack. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first memory includes a tightly coupled memory (TCM). 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
allocating, for each new task initiated at the processor, a corresponding initial stack in the first memory; and dynamically allocating, for each task that exceeds its initial stack, a corresponding secondary stack in the second memory. 23. The method of claim 9, further comprising copying arguments of a function from the first stack to the second stack to be accessible via a stack pointer position in the second stack. 24. A computer-readable storage device that stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor; designating a second stack for use by the particular task; copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling a stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and allocating the frame in the second stack. 25. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, executing a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 26. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocating the second stack from the particular task. 27. The computer-readable storage device of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designating the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 28. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 29. An apparatus comprising:
means for detecting that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at a processor; means for designating a second stack for use by the particular task; means for copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling a stack manager of the processor to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and means for allocating the frame in the second stack. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising means for transitioning from the second stack to the first stack in response to detecting that the particular task is returning from a function associated with the frame. | A method of managing a stack includes detecting, by a stack manager of a processor, that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack. The first stack is used by a particular task executing at the processor. The method also includes designating a second stack for use by the particular task. The method further includes copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack. The metadata enables the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task. The method also includes allocating the frame in the second stack.1. A device for stack management comprising:
a first memory configured to include a first stack; a second memory configured to include a second stack; and a stack manager of a processor, the stack manager configured to:
detect that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of the first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor;
designate the second stack for use by the particular task;
copy metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and
allocate the frame in the second stack. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the processor includes the first memory, and wherein the second memory is external to the processor. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, based at least in part on determining that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack, store an address of a return handler in a link return register, wherein the frame allocated in the second stack is associated with a function call. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from the function call, execute the return handler corresponding to the address stored in the link return register. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, execute a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocate the second stack from the particular task. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the stack manager is further configured to, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designate the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 9. A method of managing a stack, the method comprising:
detecting, by a stack manager of a processor, that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor; designating a second stack for use by the particular task; copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling the stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and allocating the frame in the second stack. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein detecting that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack includes detecting an exception caused by a stack limit. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the designating, the copying, and the allocating are performed by an exception handler in the processor in response to the exception. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising, based at least in part on determining that the size of the frame to be allocated exceeds the available space of the first stack, storing an address of a return handler in a link return register, wherein the frame allocated in the second stack is associated with a function call. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from the function call, executing the return handler corresponding to the address stored in the link return register. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, executing a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocating the second stack from the particular task. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designating the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 18. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting, by the stack manager, that a second size of a second frame to be allocated exceeds available space of the second stack; and designating a third stack to be used by the particular task. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein the designating of the second stack and the transitioning from the second stack to the first stack are performed independently of a memory management unit. 20. The method of claim 9, wherein the first stack is included in a first memory that has a reduced latency time as compared to a second memory that includes the second stack. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first memory includes a tightly coupled memory (TCM). 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
allocating, for each new task initiated at the processor, a corresponding initial stack in the first memory; and dynamically allocating, for each task that exceeds its initial stack, a corresponding secondary stack in the second memory. 23. The method of claim 9, further comprising copying arguments of a function from the first stack to the second stack to be accessible via a stack pointer position in the second stack. 24. A computer-readable storage device that stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
detecting that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at the processor; designating a second stack for use by the particular task; copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling a stack manager to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and allocating the frame in the second stack. 25. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, executing a return handler that reconfigures the stack manager to transition to the first stack based on the metadata. 26. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the particular task returning from a function associated with the frame, deallocating the second stack from the particular task. 27. The computer-readable storage device of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise, subsequent to deallocating the second stack from the particular task, designating the second stack as available for a next allocation while the second stack is stored in a cache memory. 28. The computer-readable storage device of claim 24, wherein the second stack is larger than the first stack. 29. An apparatus comprising:
means for detecting that a size of a frame to be allocated exceeds available space of a first stack, the first stack used by a particular task executing at a processor; means for designating a second stack for use by the particular task; means for copying metadata associated with the first stack to the second stack, the metadata enabling a stack manager of the processor to transition from the second stack to the first stack upon detection that the second stack is no longer in use by the particular task; and means for allocating the frame in the second stack. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising means for transitioning from the second stack to the first stack in response to detecting that the particular task is returning from a function associated with the frame. | 3,600 |
341,456 | 16,801,780 | 3,679 | Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described. | 1. A vaporizer, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat and at least partially vaporize a material, the material including one or more plant materials with at least one constituent compound; at least one first sensor; a power supply; and control circuitry operatively connected to the heating element, the at least one first sensor, and the power supply, the control circuitry configured to,
determine at least one first heating profile based on at least one first indication detected by the at least one first sensor,
perform a first control of an electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the first heating profile,
determine at least one second heating profile based on at least one second indication of at least one first airflow rate for an airflow detected by the at least one first sensor, and
perform a second control of the electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the at least one second heating profile. 2. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the at least one first sensor to detect the at least one second indication during at least a portion of the first control of the electrical current. 3. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first indication includes an indication of at least one second airflow rate detected by the at least one first sensor. 4. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on a target heating profile. 5. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein
the at least one second indication includes a series of indications each including airflow rate information detected by the at least one first sensor, and the control circuitry is configured to determine and dynamically update the target heating profile based at least in part on the series of indications. 6. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the target heating profile includes at least one of a temperature range, a heating rate as a function of airflow rate, a change in temperature as a function of airflow rate, a maximal temperature limit, an inhalation rate, a puff duration, or combinations thereof. 7. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the target heating profile on a dynamic basis, on a continuous basis, on a one-time basis, during a defined period of time, during a selectable period of time, or combinations thereof. 8. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive one or more variables of the target heating profile via manual selection or manual entry, the one or more variables including a selectable vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate or a substantially constant vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate. 9. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the at least one second heating profile dynamically by determining the at least one second heating profile in response to changes in the at least one first airflow rate on a puff-by-puff basis. 10. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being configured to measure at least one of a temperature of the one or more plant materials, a temperature of a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the temperature of the one or more plant materials and the temperature of the capsule. 11. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
perform the first control and the second control of the electrical current to maintain a temperature of the one or more plant materials between a vaporization temperature and a pyrolysis temperature for at least one of the one or more plant materials, while the airflow is detected in the vaporizer. 12. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the one or more plant materials, and the control circuitry is further configured to calculate a rate of the airflow based at least in part on the temperature that is measured. 13. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, and determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on the classification information. 14. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure temperature information for the one or more plant materials, a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being obtained without drawing heat from the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 15. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine phase-change temperature information for the one or more phase-change materials to determine classification information for the one or more plant materials, and
the classification information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 16. The vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the one or more phase-change materials being configured to undergo a loss in quantity or a phase-change property once heated to, or above, a phase-change temperature, and the control circuitry is configured to cause the heating element to cease heating once the loss in quantity or the phase-change property is detected. 17. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile include a multiple-phase heating profile, and the multiple-phase heating profile includes an initial heating step using an initial heating rate and a final heating step using a final heating rate, the final heating rate being less than the initial heating rate. 18. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine historical heating information including an amount of heating that the one or more plant materials has previously undergone, and the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the historical heating information. 19. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a first temperature of ambient air,
the control circuitry being further configured to determine airflow rate information of the airflow based on a difference between a second temperature of the one or more plant materials and the first temperature, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the airflow rate information. 20. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on measured latent heating periods, the measured latent heating periods being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the classification information. | Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described.1. A vaporizer, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat and at least partially vaporize a material, the material including one or more plant materials with at least one constituent compound; at least one first sensor; a power supply; and control circuitry operatively connected to the heating element, the at least one first sensor, and the power supply, the control circuitry configured to,
determine at least one first heating profile based on at least one first indication detected by the at least one first sensor,
perform a first control of an electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the first heating profile,
determine at least one second heating profile based on at least one second indication of at least one first airflow rate for an airflow detected by the at least one first sensor, and
perform a second control of the electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the at least one second heating profile. 2. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the at least one first sensor to detect the at least one second indication during at least a portion of the first control of the electrical current. 3. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first indication includes an indication of at least one second airflow rate detected by the at least one first sensor. 4. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on a target heating profile. 5. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein
the at least one second indication includes a series of indications each including airflow rate information detected by the at least one first sensor, and the control circuitry is configured to determine and dynamically update the target heating profile based at least in part on the series of indications. 6. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the target heating profile includes at least one of a temperature range, a heating rate as a function of airflow rate, a change in temperature as a function of airflow rate, a maximal temperature limit, an inhalation rate, a puff duration, or combinations thereof. 7. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the target heating profile on a dynamic basis, on a continuous basis, on a one-time basis, during a defined period of time, during a selectable period of time, or combinations thereof. 8. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive one or more variables of the target heating profile via manual selection or manual entry, the one or more variables including a selectable vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate or a substantially constant vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate. 9. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the at least one second heating profile dynamically by determining the at least one second heating profile in response to changes in the at least one first airflow rate on a puff-by-puff basis. 10. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being configured to measure at least one of a temperature of the one or more plant materials, a temperature of a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the temperature of the one or more plant materials and the temperature of the capsule. 11. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
perform the first control and the second control of the electrical current to maintain a temperature of the one or more plant materials between a vaporization temperature and a pyrolysis temperature for at least one of the one or more plant materials, while the airflow is detected in the vaporizer. 12. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the one or more plant materials, and the control circuitry is further configured to calculate a rate of the airflow based at least in part on the temperature that is measured. 13. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, and determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on the classification information. 14. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure temperature information for the one or more plant materials, a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being obtained without drawing heat from the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 15. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine phase-change temperature information for the one or more phase-change materials to determine classification information for the one or more plant materials, and
the classification information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 16. The vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the one or more phase-change materials being configured to undergo a loss in quantity or a phase-change property once heated to, or above, a phase-change temperature, and the control circuitry is configured to cause the heating element to cease heating once the loss in quantity or the phase-change property is detected. 17. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile include a multiple-phase heating profile, and the multiple-phase heating profile includes an initial heating step using an initial heating rate and a final heating step using a final heating rate, the final heating rate being less than the initial heating rate. 18. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine historical heating information including an amount of heating that the one or more plant materials has previously undergone, and the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the historical heating information. 19. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a first temperature of ambient air,
the control circuitry being further configured to determine airflow rate information of the airflow based on a difference between a second temperature of the one or more plant materials and the first temperature, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the airflow rate information. 20. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on measured latent heating periods, the measured latent heating periods being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the classification information. | 3,600 |
341,457 | 16,801,750 | 3,679 | Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described. | 1. A vaporizer, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat and at least partially vaporize a material, the material including one or more plant materials with at least one constituent compound; at least one first sensor; a power supply; and control circuitry operatively connected to the heating element, the at least one first sensor, and the power supply, the control circuitry configured to,
determine at least one first heating profile based on at least one first indication detected by the at least one first sensor,
perform a first control of an electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the first heating profile,
determine at least one second heating profile based on at least one second indication of at least one first airflow rate for an airflow detected by the at least one first sensor, and
perform a second control of the electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the at least one second heating profile. 2. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the at least one first sensor to detect the at least one second indication during at least a portion of the first control of the electrical current. 3. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first indication includes an indication of at least one second airflow rate detected by the at least one first sensor. 4. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on a target heating profile. 5. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein
the at least one second indication includes a series of indications each including airflow rate information detected by the at least one first sensor, and the control circuitry is configured to determine and dynamically update the target heating profile based at least in part on the series of indications. 6. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the target heating profile includes at least one of a temperature range, a heating rate as a function of airflow rate, a change in temperature as a function of airflow rate, a maximal temperature limit, an inhalation rate, a puff duration, or combinations thereof. 7. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the target heating profile on a dynamic basis, on a continuous basis, on a one-time basis, during a defined period of time, during a selectable period of time, or combinations thereof. 8. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive one or more variables of the target heating profile via manual selection or manual entry, the one or more variables including a selectable vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate or a substantially constant vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate. 9. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the at least one second heating profile dynamically by determining the at least one second heating profile in response to changes in the at least one first airflow rate on a puff-by-puff basis. 10. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being configured to measure at least one of a temperature of the one or more plant materials, a temperature of a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the temperature of the one or more plant materials and the temperature of the capsule. 11. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
perform the first control and the second control of the electrical current to maintain a temperature of the one or more plant materials between a vaporization temperature and a pyrolysis temperature for at least one of the one or more plant materials, while the airflow is detected in the vaporizer. 12. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the one or more plant materials, and the control circuitry is further configured to calculate a rate of the airflow based at least in part on the temperature that is measured. 13. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, and determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on the classification information. 14. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure temperature information for the one or more plant materials, a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being obtained without drawing heat from the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 15. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine phase-change temperature information for the one or more phase-change materials to determine classification information for the one or more plant materials, and
the classification information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 16. The vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the one or more phase-change materials being configured to undergo a loss in quantity or a phase-change property once heated to, or above, a phase-change temperature, and the control circuitry is configured to cause the heating element to cease heating once the loss in quantity or the phase-change property is detected. 17. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile include a multiple-phase heating profile, and the multiple-phase heating profile includes an initial heating step using an initial heating rate and a final heating step using a final heating rate, the final heating rate being less than the initial heating rate. 18. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine historical heating information including an amount of heating that the one or more plant materials has previously undergone, and the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the historical heating information. 19. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a first temperature of ambient air,
the control circuitry being further configured to determine airflow rate information of the airflow based on a difference between a second temperature of the one or more plant materials and the first temperature, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the airflow rate information. 20. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on measured latent heating periods, the measured latent heating periods being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the classification information. | Apparatus and methods are described for use with a portion of plant material that includes at least one active ingredient. A vaporizing unit includes a heating element configured to heat the plant material, and a sensor configured to detect an indication of airflow rate through the vaporizing unit. Control circuitry is configured to receive an indication of the airflow rate through the vaporizing unit, and, in response thereto, to determine a smoking profile that is desired by the user. The control circuitry drives the heating element to vaporize the active ingredient of the plant material by heating the plant material according to the determined smoking profile. The control circuitry dynamically updates the smoking profile in response to changes in airflow rate over the course of a smoking session. Other applications are also described.1. A vaporizer, comprising:
a heating element configured to heat and at least partially vaporize a material, the material including one or more plant materials with at least one constituent compound; at least one first sensor; a power supply; and control circuitry operatively connected to the heating element, the at least one first sensor, and the power supply, the control circuitry configured to,
determine at least one first heating profile based on at least one first indication detected by the at least one first sensor,
perform a first control of an electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the first heating profile,
determine at least one second heating profile based on at least one second indication of at least one first airflow rate for an airflow detected by the at least one first sensor, and
perform a second control of the electrical current from the power supply to the heating element using the at least one second heating profile. 2. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the at least one first sensor to detect the at least one second indication during at least a portion of the first control of the electrical current. 3. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first indication includes an indication of at least one second airflow rate detected by the at least one first sensor. 4. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on a target heating profile. 5. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein
the at least one second indication includes a series of indications each including airflow rate information detected by the at least one first sensor, and the control circuitry is configured to determine and dynamically update the target heating profile based at least in part on the series of indications. 6. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the target heating profile includes at least one of a temperature range, a heating rate as a function of airflow rate, a change in temperature as a function of airflow rate, a maximal temperature limit, an inhalation rate, a puff duration, or combinations thereof. 7. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the target heating profile on a dynamic basis, on a continuous basis, on a one-time basis, during a defined period of time, during a selectable period of time, or combinations thereof. 8. The vaporizer of claim 4, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
receive one or more variables of the target heating profile via manual selection or manual entry, the one or more variables including a selectable vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate or a substantially constant vaporization rate of the at least one constituent compound as a function of airflow rate. 9. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is configured to:
determine the at least one second heating profile dynamically by determining the at least one second heating profile in response to changes in the at least one first airflow rate on a puff-by-puff basis. 10. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being configured to measure at least one of a temperature of the one or more plant materials, a temperature of a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the temperature of the one or more plant materials and the temperature of the capsule. 11. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
perform the first control and the second control of the electrical current to maintain a temperature of the one or more plant materials between a vaporization temperature and a pyrolysis temperature for at least one of the one or more plant materials, while the airflow is detected in the vaporizer. 12. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the one or more plant materials, and the control circuitry is further configured to calculate a rate of the airflow based at least in part on the temperature that is measured. 13. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, and determine the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile based at least in part on the classification information. 14. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first sensor is configured to measure temperature information for the one or more plant materials, a capsule containing the one or more plant materials, or both the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being obtained without drawing heat from the one or more plant materials and the capsule, the temperature information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 15. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine phase-change temperature information for the one or more phase-change materials to determine classification information for the one or more plant materials, and
the classification information being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication. 16. The vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein
the material further includes one or more phase-change materials, the one or more phase-change materials being configured to undergo a loss in quantity or a phase-change property once heated to, or above, a phase-change temperature, and the control circuitry is configured to cause the heating element to cease heating once the loss in quantity or the phase-change property is detected. 17. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein
the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile include a multiple-phase heating profile, and the multiple-phase heating profile includes an initial heating step using an initial heating rate and a final heating step using a final heating rate, the final heating rate being less than the initial heating rate. 18. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine historical heating information including an amount of heating that the one or more plant materials has previously undergone, and the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the historical heating information. 19. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the at least one first sensor is configured to measure a first temperature of ambient air,
the control circuitry being further configured to determine airflow rate information of the airflow based on a difference between a second temperature of the one or more plant materials and the first temperature, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the airflow rate information. 20. The vaporizer of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
determine classification information for the one or more plant materials based on measured latent heating periods, the measured latent heating periods being included in the at least one first indication, the at least one second indication, or both the at least one first indication and the at least one second indication, the determining of the at least one first heating profile, the at least one second heating profile, or both the at least one first heating profile and the at least one second heating profile being based at least in part on the classification information. | 3,600 |
341,458 | 16,801,758 | 3,679 | Joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks is described. A set of rules for clustering users and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric is developed. The energy efficiency is maximized by allocating power to users based on quality of service (QoS) constraints. The present disclosure jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off to minimize inter-cell interference. Numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to the traditional methods of clustering and AP assignment. | 1: A system for joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks, comprising:
a visible light communication network including a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points (AP) having a half power light emission of from 10-30° and a plurality of photodiode photodetectors, wherein each photodiode photodetector is connected to a user device of one or more clusters of user devices and a control system, wherein the control system is connected to the plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points, wherein the control system is wirelessly connected by visible light line-of-sight communication channels to the plurality of photodiode photodetectors; wherein the control system includes a controller; a memory connected to the controller and including program instructions for power allocation and cell formation; a processor connected to the controller, the processor including analysis circuitry configured to use the program instructions to analyze information received from the controller to determine the clusters of the user devices, form cells of APs by associating APs with the user devices, determine the inter-cell interference between the cells of APs, and calculate an energy efficiency of each cluster and a global energy efficiency of the visible light communication (VLC) network; and wherein the controller associates each AP with a selected cluster of user devices and adjusts the status of the plurality of APs based on the inter-cell interference and the global energy efficiency. 2: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 1,
wherein the control system groups the user devices into K clusters, wherein K is a predefined number based on the number of APs in the system and wherein and the distances between the K clusters are di,j, where i=1, . . . , K, j=i+1, . . . , K; wherein each cluster j has a cluster center ck and the user devices in the cluster j are chosen so that the sum of the squares of the distances between each user device and the cluster center ck in the cluster K is less than a first predefined threshold U; wherein the cluster centers ck are determined such that the product of the distances between all cluster centers is maximized such that the sum of the distances is less than or equal to a second predefined threshold D. 3: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 2, wherein the LEDs at an access point transmit an information signal to the photodiode photodetectors using intensity modulation. 4: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 3, wherein a first set of APs of the plurality of APs is associated with a user device by finding a maximum channel value between a first AP of the first set and a first user device,
wherein the channel value hi,j is given by: 5: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 4, further comprising
wherein the control system calculates the average per-cell energy efficiency, EE of the network based on 6: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 5,
wherein the control system calculates the global energy efficiency, GEE, based on 7: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 6, wherein determining the inter-cell interference includes measuring the strength of a signal received at a user device and the interference at the user device and calculating the ratio, γi,c, of the square of the signal strength to the interference;
wherein adjusting the status of the APs includes sorting the APs by their γi,c ratios;
calculating a first global energy efficiency;
for each AP, starting from the AP having the lowest γi,c ratio,
determining whether the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster;
if the number of active APs is not greater than the number of users in each cluster, stops determining the inter-cell interference;
if the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster, changing the status of the AP having the lowest γi,c ratio;
calculating a second global energy efficiency;
comparing the second global energy efficiency to the first global energy efficiency;
if the second global energy efficiency is not greater than the first global energy efficiency, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the second global energy efficiency is greater than the first global energy efficiency, changing the status of the AP having the third lowest γi,c ratio, calculating a third global energy efficiency and comparing the third global energy efficiency to the second global energy efficiency;
if the third global energy efficiency is not greater than the second global energy efficiency, stops determining the inter-cell interference;
if the third global energy efficiency is greater than the second global energy efficiency, continuing to change the status of each AP having the next lowest γi,c ratio, calculating the next global energy efficiency, and comparing to the previous global energy efficiency until the difference between the next global energy efficiency, and the previous global energy efficiency equals zero. 8-20. (canceled) | Joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks is described. A set of rules for clustering users and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric is developed. The energy efficiency is maximized by allocating power to users based on quality of service (QoS) constraints. The present disclosure jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off to minimize inter-cell interference. Numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to the traditional methods of clustering and AP assignment.1: A system for joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks, comprising:
a visible light communication network including a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points (AP) having a half power light emission of from 10-30° and a plurality of photodiode photodetectors, wherein each photodiode photodetector is connected to a user device of one or more clusters of user devices and a control system, wherein the control system is connected to the plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) access points, wherein the control system is wirelessly connected by visible light line-of-sight communication channels to the plurality of photodiode photodetectors; wherein the control system includes a controller; a memory connected to the controller and including program instructions for power allocation and cell formation; a processor connected to the controller, the processor including analysis circuitry configured to use the program instructions to analyze information received from the controller to determine the clusters of the user devices, form cells of APs by associating APs with the user devices, determine the inter-cell interference between the cells of APs, and calculate an energy efficiency of each cluster and a global energy efficiency of the visible light communication (VLC) network; and wherein the controller associates each AP with a selected cluster of user devices and adjusts the status of the plurality of APs based on the inter-cell interference and the global energy efficiency. 2: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 1,
wherein the control system groups the user devices into K clusters, wherein K is a predefined number based on the number of APs in the system and wherein and the distances between the K clusters are di,j, where i=1, . . . , K, j=i+1, . . . , K; wherein each cluster j has a cluster center ck and the user devices in the cluster j are chosen so that the sum of the squares of the distances between each user device and the cluster center ck in the cluster K is less than a first predefined threshold U; wherein the cluster centers ck are determined such that the product of the distances between all cluster centers is maximized such that the sum of the distances is less than or equal to a second predefined threshold D. 3: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 2, wherein the LEDs at an access point transmit an information signal to the photodiode photodetectors using intensity modulation. 4: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 3, wherein a first set of APs of the plurality of APs is associated with a user device by finding a maximum channel value between a first AP of the first set and a first user device,
wherein the channel value hi,j is given by: 5: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 4, further comprising
wherein the control system calculates the average per-cell energy efficiency, EE of the network based on 6: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 5,
wherein the control system calculates the global energy efficiency, GEE, based on 7: The system for joint power allocation and cell formation of claim 6, wherein determining the inter-cell interference includes measuring the strength of a signal received at a user device and the interference at the user device and calculating the ratio, γi,c, of the square of the signal strength to the interference;
wherein adjusting the status of the APs includes sorting the APs by their γi,c ratios;
calculating a first global energy efficiency;
for each AP, starting from the AP having the lowest γi,c ratio,
determining whether the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster;
if the number of active APs is not greater than the number of users in each cluster, stops determining the inter-cell interference;
if the number of active APs is greater than the number of users in each cluster, changing the status of the AP having the lowest γi,c ratio;
calculating a second global energy efficiency;
comparing the second global energy efficiency to the first global energy efficiency;
if the second global energy efficiency is not greater than the first global energy efficiency, stop determining the inter-cell interference;
if the second global energy efficiency is greater than the first global energy efficiency, changing the status of the AP having the third lowest γi,c ratio, calculating a third global energy efficiency and comparing the third global energy efficiency to the second global energy efficiency;
if the third global energy efficiency is not greater than the second global energy efficiency, stops determining the inter-cell interference;
if the third global energy efficiency is greater than the second global energy efficiency, continuing to change the status of each AP having the next lowest γi,c ratio, calculating the next global energy efficiency, and comparing to the previous global energy efficiency until the difference between the next global energy efficiency, and the previous global energy efficiency equals zero. 8-20. (canceled) | 3,600 |
341,459 | 16,801,767 | 3,679 | An image reading apparatus includes an original tray, an original feeding portion, an original reading portion, an original discharging portion, an original discharge tray, an extension tray, and a rotation guide. A stacking surface of the original discharge tray is provided with an opening through which the rotation guide is capable of passing when the rotation guide rotates from a first position to a second position. In a state in which the extension tray is held at a pulled-out position, the rotation guide is rotatable relative to the extension tray from the first position toward the second position. In a state in which the extension tray is held at an accommodated position, the rotation guide is rotatable from the first position toward the second position by passing through the opening. | 1. An image reading apparatus comprising:
an original tray on which an original is stacked; a feeding portion configured to feed the original set on said original tray; a reading portion configured to read an image of the original fed by said feeding portion; a discharging portion configured to discharge the original read by said reading portion; an original discharge tray configured to stack the original discharged by said discharging portion; an extension tray movable between an accommodated position where said extension tray is accommodated in said original discharge tray and a pulled-out position where said extension tray is pulled out of said original discharge tray in an original discharge direction in which the original is discharged by said discharging portion; and a rotation guide which is rotatably supported by said extension tray and which is rotatable between a first position where said rotation guide extends along a stacking surface of said extension tray and a second position where said rotation guide extends upward with movement of the original in the original discharge direction and causes a load force to act on the original toward an upstream side of the original discharge direction when the original is contacted thereto, wherein the stacking surface of said original discharge tray is provided with an opening through which said rotation guide is capable of passing when said rotation guide rotates from the first position to the second position, wherein in a state in which said extension tray is held at the pulled-out position, said rotation guide is rotatable relative to said extension tray from the first position toward the second position, and wherein in a state in which said extension tray is held at the accommodated position, said rotation guide is rotatable from the first position toward the second position by passing through said opening. 2. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a state in which said rotation guide is in the second position, said extension tray is movable between the accommodated position and the pulled-out position. 3. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotation guide is rotatably supported at one end portion thereof relative to said extension tray between the first position and the second position, and
wherein the one end portion of said rotation guide is configured so that said rotation guide movable between the first position and the second position is capable of passing through the opening when the original on said original discharge tray is positioned upstream of a downstream end with respect to the original discharge direction. 4. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of the opening with respect to a widthwise direction perpendicular to the original discharge direction is smaller than a width of said extension tray with respect to the widthwise direction and is larger than a width of said rotation guide with respect to the widthwise direction. 5. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the accommodated position where said extension tray is accommodated in said original discharge tray, said original discharge tray includes an accommodation restriction portion configured to restrict movement of said extension tray in an accommodating direction, and
wherein when said extension tray is positioned in the accommodated position, the opening is configured so that said rotation guide movable between the first position and the second position is capable of passing through the opening. 6. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said extension tray includes a first contact portion contactable to a surface of said rotation guide being in the second position on a side upstream of said rotation guide with respect to the original discharge direction and a second contact portion contactable to a surface of said rotation guide being in the second position on a side downstream of said rotation guide with respect to the original discharge direction. 7. An image reading apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said extension tray includes a base surface extending along a pulling-out direction, a recessed portion which is recessed downward relative to said base surface, and a projected portion which not only is provided downstream of said recessed portion with respect to the original discharge direction but also projects upward relative to said base surface and on which said second contact portion is formed. 8. An image reading apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said extension tray includes a base surface extending along a pulling-out direction, a recessed portion which is recessed downward relative to said base surface, and a projected portion which not only is provided downstream of said recessed portion with respect to the original discharge direction but also projects upward relative to said base surface and on which said second contact portion is formed, and
wherein said first contact portion is formed on a bottom of said recessed portion. 9. An image reading apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said projected portion includes an operating portion capable when said extension tray is moved. 10. An image reading apparatus according to claim 8, wherein an angle formed between the stacking surface in the second position of said rotation guide and said base surface in the accommodated position or the pulled-out position of said extension tray is larger than 90 degrees. 11. An image reading apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said rotation guide includes an open/close operating portion, at the other end portion opposite from said one end portion, operable when said rotation guide is opened. 12. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotation guide restricts movement of the original, discharged on said original discharge tray, to a downstream side with respect to the original discharge direction. 13. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said discharging portion discharges the original at a speed faster than 340 mm/s and slower than 650 mm/s. 14. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image reading apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming portion configured to form an image on a sheet other than an original of which image is read by said image reading apparatus. | An image reading apparatus includes an original tray, an original feeding portion, an original reading portion, an original discharging portion, an original discharge tray, an extension tray, and a rotation guide. A stacking surface of the original discharge tray is provided with an opening through which the rotation guide is capable of passing when the rotation guide rotates from a first position to a second position. In a state in which the extension tray is held at a pulled-out position, the rotation guide is rotatable relative to the extension tray from the first position toward the second position. In a state in which the extension tray is held at an accommodated position, the rotation guide is rotatable from the first position toward the second position by passing through the opening.1. An image reading apparatus comprising:
an original tray on which an original is stacked; a feeding portion configured to feed the original set on said original tray; a reading portion configured to read an image of the original fed by said feeding portion; a discharging portion configured to discharge the original read by said reading portion; an original discharge tray configured to stack the original discharged by said discharging portion; an extension tray movable between an accommodated position where said extension tray is accommodated in said original discharge tray and a pulled-out position where said extension tray is pulled out of said original discharge tray in an original discharge direction in which the original is discharged by said discharging portion; and a rotation guide which is rotatably supported by said extension tray and which is rotatable between a first position where said rotation guide extends along a stacking surface of said extension tray and a second position where said rotation guide extends upward with movement of the original in the original discharge direction and causes a load force to act on the original toward an upstream side of the original discharge direction when the original is contacted thereto, wherein the stacking surface of said original discharge tray is provided with an opening through which said rotation guide is capable of passing when said rotation guide rotates from the first position to the second position, wherein in a state in which said extension tray is held at the pulled-out position, said rotation guide is rotatable relative to said extension tray from the first position toward the second position, and wherein in a state in which said extension tray is held at the accommodated position, said rotation guide is rotatable from the first position toward the second position by passing through said opening. 2. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a state in which said rotation guide is in the second position, said extension tray is movable between the accommodated position and the pulled-out position. 3. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotation guide is rotatably supported at one end portion thereof relative to said extension tray between the first position and the second position, and
wherein the one end portion of said rotation guide is configured so that said rotation guide movable between the first position and the second position is capable of passing through the opening when the original on said original discharge tray is positioned upstream of a downstream end with respect to the original discharge direction. 4. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a width of the opening with respect to a widthwise direction perpendicular to the original discharge direction is smaller than a width of said extension tray with respect to the widthwise direction and is larger than a width of said rotation guide with respect to the widthwise direction. 5. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the accommodated position where said extension tray is accommodated in said original discharge tray, said original discharge tray includes an accommodation restriction portion configured to restrict movement of said extension tray in an accommodating direction, and
wherein when said extension tray is positioned in the accommodated position, the opening is configured so that said rotation guide movable between the first position and the second position is capable of passing through the opening. 6. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said extension tray includes a first contact portion contactable to a surface of said rotation guide being in the second position on a side upstream of said rotation guide with respect to the original discharge direction and a second contact portion contactable to a surface of said rotation guide being in the second position on a side downstream of said rotation guide with respect to the original discharge direction. 7. An image reading apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said extension tray includes a base surface extending along a pulling-out direction, a recessed portion which is recessed downward relative to said base surface, and a projected portion which not only is provided downstream of said recessed portion with respect to the original discharge direction but also projects upward relative to said base surface and on which said second contact portion is formed. 8. An image reading apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said extension tray includes a base surface extending along a pulling-out direction, a recessed portion which is recessed downward relative to said base surface, and a projected portion which not only is provided downstream of said recessed portion with respect to the original discharge direction but also projects upward relative to said base surface and on which said second contact portion is formed, and
wherein said first contact portion is formed on a bottom of said recessed portion. 9. An image reading apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said projected portion includes an operating portion capable when said extension tray is moved. 10. An image reading apparatus according to claim 8, wherein an angle formed between the stacking surface in the second position of said rotation guide and said base surface in the accommodated position or the pulled-out position of said extension tray is larger than 90 degrees. 11. An image reading apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said rotation guide includes an open/close operating portion, at the other end portion opposite from said one end portion, operable when said rotation guide is opened. 12. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotation guide restricts movement of the original, discharged on said original discharge tray, to a downstream side with respect to the original discharge direction. 13. An image reading apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said discharging portion discharges the original at a speed faster than 340 mm/s and slower than 650 mm/s. 14. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image reading apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming portion configured to form an image on a sheet other than an original of which image is read by said image reading apparatus. | 3,600 |
341,460 | 16,801,764 | 3,679 | The present disclosure provides for a punch head that produces a profile in a piece of material. The punch head comprises a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise: a raised section; a middle section; and a fillet, wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section. | 1. A punch head, comprising:
a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise:
a raised section;
a middle section; and
a fillet,
wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section. 2. The punch head of claim 1, wherein there are four interlocking feature producing protrusions disposed around the protrusion. 3. The punch head of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise an inner side, an outer side, a first end, and a second end. 4. The punch head of claim 3, wherein the inner side and the outer side are curvilinear, and wherein the first end and the second end are straight edges. 5. A method of producing a profile in a piece of material, comprising:
translating a punch tool along a path of motion towards a piece of material, wherein a punch head is coupled to the punch tool, wherein the punch head comprises:
a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and
one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise:
a raised section;
a middle section; and
a fillet,
wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section;
shearing at least a portion of the piece of material; and seating the punch head against a die disposed in the path of motion of the punch tool. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a stripper is disposed within the die. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising dislodging the portion of the piece of material from the punch head with the stripper. 8. The method of claim 5, further comprising of forming a central hole, one or more interlocking openings, and one or more flaps in the piece of material to produce the profile. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising of translating the raised section of each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions through the piece of material to form the one or more interlocking openings. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising of applying a force via the middle section and the fillet of each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions onto the piece of material to form the one or more flaps. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more flaps are offset from the piece of material by an angle or curve. 12. A method of coupling, comprising:
rotating a first component with respect to a second component, wherein the first component and the second component each comprise a profile, wherein the profile comprises a central hole, one or more interlocking openings, and one or more flaps; inserting the one or more flaps of the first component into the one or more interlocking openings of the second component; and inserting the one or more flaps of the second component into the one or more interlocking openings of the first component. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the central hole of the first component is aligned and concentric with the central hole of the second component. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising of disposing a fastener through each central hole to secure the first component to the second component. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more flaps of the first component are offset below the first component, and wherein the one or more flaps of the second component are offset above the second component. | The present disclosure provides for a punch head that produces a profile in a piece of material. The punch head comprises a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise: a raised section; a middle section; and a fillet, wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section.1. A punch head, comprising:
a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise:
a raised section;
a middle section; and
a fillet,
wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section. 2. The punch head of claim 1, wherein there are four interlocking feature producing protrusions disposed around the protrusion. 3. The punch head of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise an inner side, an outer side, a first end, and a second end. 4. The punch head of claim 3, wherein the inner side and the outer side are curvilinear, and wherein the first end and the second end are straight edges. 5. A method of producing a profile in a piece of material, comprising:
translating a punch tool along a path of motion towards a piece of material, wherein a punch head is coupled to the punch tool, wherein the punch head comprises:
a protrusion, wherein the protrusion is disposed on a first side of the punch head, wherein the protrusion is disposed at a central location and extends away from the first side, wherein the protrusion has a circular cross-sectional shape; and
one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions, wherein the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions are disposed on the first side of the punch head, wherein each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions comprise:
a raised section;
a middle section; and
a fillet,
wherein the middle section is disposed between the raised section and the fillet, wherein the raised section has a greater height than the middle section;
shearing at least a portion of the piece of material; and seating the punch head against a die disposed in the path of motion of the punch tool. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a stripper is disposed within the die. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising dislodging the portion of the piece of material from the punch head with the stripper. 8. The method of claim 5, further comprising of forming a central hole, one or more interlocking openings, and one or more flaps in the piece of material to produce the profile. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising of translating the raised section of each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions through the piece of material to form the one or more interlocking openings. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising of applying a force via the middle section and the fillet of each of the one or more interlocking feature producing protrusions onto the piece of material to form the one or more flaps. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more flaps are offset from the piece of material by an angle or curve. 12. A method of coupling, comprising:
rotating a first component with respect to a second component, wherein the first component and the second component each comprise a profile, wherein the profile comprises a central hole, one or more interlocking openings, and one or more flaps; inserting the one or more flaps of the first component into the one or more interlocking openings of the second component; and inserting the one or more flaps of the second component into the one or more interlocking openings of the first component. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the central hole of the first component is aligned and concentric with the central hole of the second component. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising of disposing a fastener through each central hole to secure the first component to the second component. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more flaps of the first component are offset below the first component, and wherein the one or more flaps of the second component are offset above the second component. | 3,600 |
341,461 | 16,801,802 | 3,679 | A controller for a motor includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit is configured to execute a first operation amount calculation process, an operation process, and an output process. The first operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating a first operation amount. The operation process is a process of operating a first drive circuit. The second processing circuit is configured to execute a second operation amount calculation process, a first use operation process, a second use operation process, and an initial value setting process. The second operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating a second operation amount. The initial value setting process is a process of setting an initial value of an integral element depending on a value of an integral element of the first operation amount calculation process. | 1. A controller for a motor,
the motor being configured to turn a steered wheel and including a first stator coil and a second stator coil insulated from each other, the controller being configured to operate a first drive circuit connected to the first stator coil and a second drive circuit connected to the second stator coil, the controller comprising a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit configured to communicate with each other, the first processing circuit being configured to execute a first operation amount calculation process, an operation process, and an output process, the first operation amount calculation process being a process of calculating a first operation amount based on an output value of an integral element depending on a difference between a target angle and a convertible angle that is based on a detection value from a first angle sensor, the convertible angle being an angle convertible into a steered angle of the steered wheel, the operation process being a process of operating the first drive circuit based on the first operation amount, the output process being a process of outputting the first operation amount to the second processing circuit, the second processing circuit being configured to execute a second operation amount calculation process, a first use operation process, a second use operation process, and an initial value setting process, the second operation amount calculation process being a process of calculating a second operation amount based on an output value of an integral element depending on a difference between the target angle and a convertible angle that is based on a detection value from a second angle sensor, the first use operation process being a process of operating the second drive circuit based on the first operation amount, the second use operation process being a process of operating the second drive circuit based on the second operation amount, the initial value setting process being a process of setting, depending on a value of the integral element of the first operation amount calculation process, an initial value of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount along with switching from the first use operation process to the second use operation process. 2. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating, when the first use operation process is performed, the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount, and the initial value setting process includes a process of setting the initial value depending on a difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount along with the switching from the first use operation process to the second use operation process. 3. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an abnormality occurs such that the first processing circuit stops operating the first drive circuit, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount by using the integral element when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on the abnormality occurring such that the first processing circuit stops operating the first drive circuit. 4. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an absolute value of a difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount is equal to or larger than a defined value while the first use operation process is performed, the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element when the first use operation process is performed, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on a fact that the absolute value of the difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount is equal to or larger than the defined value. 5. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an abnormality occurs in communication between the first processing circuit and the second processing circuit, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on the abnormality occurring in the communication. 6. The controller for the motor according to claim 4, wherein the second operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating the second operation amount based on an operation amount for feed forward controlling the convertible angle to the target angle in addition to an operation amount for feedback controlling the convertible angle to the target angle. | A controller for a motor includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit is configured to execute a first operation amount calculation process, an operation process, and an output process. The first operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating a first operation amount. The operation process is a process of operating a first drive circuit. The second processing circuit is configured to execute a second operation amount calculation process, a first use operation process, a second use operation process, and an initial value setting process. The second operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating a second operation amount. The initial value setting process is a process of setting an initial value of an integral element depending on a value of an integral element of the first operation amount calculation process.1. A controller for a motor,
the motor being configured to turn a steered wheel and including a first stator coil and a second stator coil insulated from each other, the controller being configured to operate a first drive circuit connected to the first stator coil and a second drive circuit connected to the second stator coil, the controller comprising a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit configured to communicate with each other, the first processing circuit being configured to execute a first operation amount calculation process, an operation process, and an output process, the first operation amount calculation process being a process of calculating a first operation amount based on an output value of an integral element depending on a difference between a target angle and a convertible angle that is based on a detection value from a first angle sensor, the convertible angle being an angle convertible into a steered angle of the steered wheel, the operation process being a process of operating the first drive circuit based on the first operation amount, the output process being a process of outputting the first operation amount to the second processing circuit, the second processing circuit being configured to execute a second operation amount calculation process, a first use operation process, a second use operation process, and an initial value setting process, the second operation amount calculation process being a process of calculating a second operation amount based on an output value of an integral element depending on a difference between the target angle and a convertible angle that is based on a detection value from a second angle sensor, the first use operation process being a process of operating the second drive circuit based on the first operation amount, the second use operation process being a process of operating the second drive circuit based on the second operation amount, the initial value setting process being a process of setting, depending on a value of the integral element of the first operation amount calculation process, an initial value of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount along with switching from the first use operation process to the second use operation process. 2. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating, when the first use operation process is performed, the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount, and the initial value setting process includes a process of setting the initial value depending on a difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount along with the switching from the first use operation process to the second use operation process. 3. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an abnormality occurs such that the first processing circuit stops operating the first drive circuit, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount by using the integral element when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on the abnormality occurring such that the first processing circuit stops operating the first drive circuit. 4. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an absolute value of a difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount is equal to or larger than a defined value while the first use operation process is performed, the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element when the first use operation process is performed, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on a fact that the absolute value of the difference between the first operation amount and the second operation amount is equal to or larger than the defined value. 5. The controller for the motor according to claim 1, wherein
the second processing circuit is configured to execute a process of switching the first use operation process to the second use operation process when an abnormality occurs in communication between the first processing circuit and the second processing circuit, and the second operation amount calculation process includes a process of calculating the second operation amount independently of the integral element to be used for calculating the second operation amount when the first use operation process is switched to the second use operation process based on the abnormality occurring in the communication. 6. The controller for the motor according to claim 4, wherein the second operation amount calculation process is a process of calculating the second operation amount based on an operation amount for feed forward controlling the convertible angle to the target angle in addition to an operation amount for feedback controlling the convertible angle to the target angle. | 3,600 |
341,462 | 16,801,801 | 1,797 | A method for using hydrogels to detect metal ions, including transition metal ions, comprises contacting the hydrogel in any order, with a sample potentially containing metal ions, and a solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof. The presence of metal ions in the sample may be detected by one or more suitable techniques, such as determining the color, conductivity, Raman, infrared spectrum, and/or size and/or mass change of the hydrogel. The method may be useful for detecting corrosion and/or failure of protective coating of metal structures including outdoor sculptures, building, bridges, ships, and the like. | 1. A method for detecting metal ions, comprising:
contacting a hydrogel with, in any order, a sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions having an atomic weight greater than sodium, and a solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof; determining at least one characteristic of the hydrogel, wherein the characteristic is (i) a color of the hydrogel, (ii) a conductivity of the hydrogel, (iii) a Raman spectrum of the hydrogel, (iv) an infrared spectrum of the hydrogel, (v) a change in size or mass of the hydrogel, or (vi) any combination thereof; and determining a presence or absence of the one or more metal ions in the sample based upon the at least one characteristic determined. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel comprises water and cross-linked hydrophilic organic polymer molecules, the organic polymer molecules comprising head groups selected from carboxylic acids, ammonium ions, sulfonates, amides, amines, phosphates, phosphonates, hydroxyls, thiols, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, comprises ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising soaking the hydrogel in an electrolyte solution for a period of time prior to contacting the hydrogel with the sample and fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, the electrolyte solution comprising an aqueous solution of NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, or a combination thereof or any ionic electrolyte or combination of ionic electrolytes solutions. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising soaking the hydrogel in an aqueous solution for a period of time prior to contacting the hydrogel with the sample and fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, the aqueous solution comprising an organic solvent, humectant, buffer, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent, humectant, buffer, or a combination thereof, comprises ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic determines that metal ions are present in the sample, and the method further comprising quantifying the extent to which the one or more metal ions have been absorbed by the hydrogel by:
measuring an intensity of the color; and correlating the intensity of the color to a concentration of the one or more metal ions. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic comprises the conductivity of the hydrogel and determines that metal ions are present in the sample, and the method further comprising quantifying the extent to which the one or more metal ions have been absorbed by the hydrogel by:
determining the conductivity of the hydrogel; comparing the conductivity of the hydrogel to a baseline conductivity of the hydrogel prior to contact with the sample to determine a change in conductivity; and (i) identifying the metal ion based on the change in conductivity as one of a group of metal ions known to increase conductivity of the hydrogel or as one of a group of metal ions known to decrease conductivity of the hydrogel, (ii) quantifying the one or more metal ions absorbed by the hydrogel by correlating the change in conductivity to a concentration of the one or more metal ions, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the conductivity of the hydrogel comprises:
contacting the hydrogel with two electrodes; applying an alternating current across the two electrodes; measuring an electrochemical impedance; calculating the conductivity of the hydrogel based on the electrochemical impedance; and determining an amount of the one or more metal ions in the hydrogel based on the calculated conductivity. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic comprises the size of the hydrogel, the method further comprising:
determining a first size or mass of the hydrogel prior to contact with the solution comprising the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions; determining a second size or mass of the hydrogel after contact with both the solution comprising the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions; comparing the second size or mass with the first size or mass to provide a comparison; and (i) identifying the metal ion based on the comparison as one of a group of metal ions known to increase the size or mass of the hydrogel or one of another group of metal ions known to decrease the size or mass of the hydrogel, (ii) quantifying a concentration of the metal ion based at least in part on the comparison, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an identity of the one or more metal ions by:
(i) identifying the color of the hydrogel as indicative of a particular metal ion; (ii) identifying characteristic peaks in the Raman spectrum as indicative of a particular metal ion; (iii) identifying characteristic peaks in the infrared spectrum as indicative of a particular metal ion; or (iv) any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is contacted with the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions, and then with the solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is contacted with the solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and then with the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein contacting the hydrogel with the solution comprises:
removing the hydrogel from contact with the sample; applying an aliquot of the solution to a surface of the hydrogel; and waiting for a time period of 10-60 minutes before determining the at least one characteristic of the hydrogel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the aliquot of the solution comprises ferricyanide or ferrocyanide ions in an amount stoichiometrically greater than or equal to a maximum amount of metal ions that the hydrogel can absorb. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal ion is a transition metal ion, lanthanide metal ion, aluminum ion, arsenic ion, bismuth ion, indium ion, lead ion, tin ion, or any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic organic polymers comprise monomers selected from acrylate monomer, vinyl monomer, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic organic polymers comprise monomers selected from 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, maleic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, lactic acid, itaconic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrogel is a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (poly(AA-AMPS)) hydrogel comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and poly(acrylic acid). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel has a weight percent ratio of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to poly(acrylic acid) from 1.5 to 2.0; the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel comprises 0.2-0.3 wt % N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide); the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel further comprises a humectant; or a combination thereof. | A method for using hydrogels to detect metal ions, including transition metal ions, comprises contacting the hydrogel in any order, with a sample potentially containing metal ions, and a solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof. The presence of metal ions in the sample may be detected by one or more suitable techniques, such as determining the color, conductivity, Raman, infrared spectrum, and/or size and/or mass change of the hydrogel. The method may be useful for detecting corrosion and/or failure of protective coating of metal structures including outdoor sculptures, building, bridges, ships, and the like.1. A method for detecting metal ions, comprising:
contacting a hydrogel with, in any order, a sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions having an atomic weight greater than sodium, and a solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof; determining at least one characteristic of the hydrogel, wherein the characteristic is (i) a color of the hydrogel, (ii) a conductivity of the hydrogel, (iii) a Raman spectrum of the hydrogel, (iv) an infrared spectrum of the hydrogel, (v) a change in size or mass of the hydrogel, or (vi) any combination thereof; and determining a presence or absence of the one or more metal ions in the sample based upon the at least one characteristic determined. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel comprises water and cross-linked hydrophilic organic polymer molecules, the organic polymer molecules comprising head groups selected from carboxylic acids, ammonium ions, sulfonates, amides, amines, phosphates, phosphonates, hydroxyls, thiols, and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, comprises ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising soaking the hydrogel in an electrolyte solution for a period of time prior to contacting the hydrogel with the sample and fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, the electrolyte solution comprising an aqueous solution of NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, or a combination thereof or any ionic electrolyte or combination of ionic electrolytes solutions. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising soaking the hydrogel in an aqueous solution for a period of time prior to contacting the hydrogel with the sample and fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, the aqueous solution comprising an organic solvent, humectant, buffer, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent, humectant, buffer, or a combination thereof, comprises ethylene glycol, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic determines that metal ions are present in the sample, and the method further comprising quantifying the extent to which the one or more metal ions have been absorbed by the hydrogel by:
measuring an intensity of the color; and correlating the intensity of the color to a concentration of the one or more metal ions. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic comprises the conductivity of the hydrogel and determines that metal ions are present in the sample, and the method further comprising quantifying the extent to which the one or more metal ions have been absorbed by the hydrogel by:
determining the conductivity of the hydrogel; comparing the conductivity of the hydrogel to a baseline conductivity of the hydrogel prior to contact with the sample to determine a change in conductivity; and (i) identifying the metal ion based on the change in conductivity as one of a group of metal ions known to increase conductivity of the hydrogel or as one of a group of metal ions known to decrease conductivity of the hydrogel, (ii) quantifying the one or more metal ions absorbed by the hydrogel by correlating the change in conductivity to a concentration of the one or more metal ions, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the conductivity of the hydrogel comprises:
contacting the hydrogel with two electrodes; applying an alternating current across the two electrodes; measuring an electrochemical impedance; calculating the conductivity of the hydrogel based on the electrochemical impedance; and determining an amount of the one or more metal ions in the hydrogel based on the calculated conductivity. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic comprises the size of the hydrogel, the method further comprising:
determining a first size or mass of the hydrogel prior to contact with the solution comprising the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions; determining a second size or mass of the hydrogel after contact with both the solution comprising the fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions; comparing the second size or mass with the first size or mass to provide a comparison; and (i) identifying the metal ion based on the comparison as one of a group of metal ions known to increase the size or mass of the hydrogel or one of another group of metal ions known to decrease the size or mass of the hydrogel, (ii) quantifying a concentration of the metal ion based at least in part on the comparison, or (iii) both (i) and (ii). 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an identity of the one or more metal ions by:
(i) identifying the color of the hydrogel as indicative of a particular metal ion; (ii) identifying characteristic peaks in the Raman spectrum as indicative of a particular metal ion; (iii) identifying characteristic peaks in the infrared spectrum as indicative of a particular metal ion; or (iv) any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is contacted with the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions, and then with the solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel is contacted with the solution comprising a fluorescent dye, nanoparticle, colorimetric tag, or combination thereof, and then with the sample potentially comprising one or more metal ions. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein contacting the hydrogel with the solution comprises:
removing the hydrogel from contact with the sample; applying an aliquot of the solution to a surface of the hydrogel; and waiting for a time period of 10-60 minutes before determining the at least one characteristic of the hydrogel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the aliquot of the solution comprises ferricyanide or ferrocyanide ions in an amount stoichiometrically greater than or equal to a maximum amount of metal ions that the hydrogel can absorb. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal ion is a transition metal ion, lanthanide metal ion, aluminum ion, arsenic ion, bismuth ion, indium ion, lead ion, tin ion, or any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic organic polymers comprise monomers selected from acrylate monomer, vinyl monomer, or a combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic organic polymers comprise monomers selected from 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, maleic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, lactic acid, itaconic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, or a combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrogel is a cross-linked poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (poly(AA-AMPS)) hydrogel comprising 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and poly(acrylic acid). 20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel has a weight percent ratio of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to poly(acrylic acid) from 1.5 to 2.0; the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel comprises 0.2-0.3 wt % N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide); the cross-linked poly(AA-AMPS) hydrogel further comprises a humectant; or a combination thereof. | 1,700 |
341,463 | 16,801,822 | 1,797 | A process and apparatus cool and remove catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream by feeding the hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber. The hot vaporous reactor effluent stream is directly contacted with the first quench liquid stream to cool the hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into the first quench liquid stream. The first quench liquid stream and the vaporous reactor effluent stream are passed together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from the vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into the first quench liquid stream. | 1. A process for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising:
feeding said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber; directly contacting said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream with said first quench liquid stream to cool said hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into said first quench liquid stream; passing said first quench liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into said first quench liquid stream. 2. The process of claim 1 further comprising spraying said first quench liquid stream upwardly and downwardly in said first quench chamber. 3. The process of claim 1 further comprising separating said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst. 4. The process of claim 3 further comprising discharging said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said first quench chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a downstream chamber. 5. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes a second chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with a second wetting liquid stream to wash catalyst therefrom into said second wetting liquid stream in said second chamber; passing said second wetting liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream; separating said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst; and discharging said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said second chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst from said second chamber. 6. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with an alkaline liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed; separating said alkaline liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity from said alkaline wash chamber. 7. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with an alkaline liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a bed; separating said alkaline liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity from said alkaline wash chamber. 8. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream quench chamber includes a final chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a final liquid stream to wash said reactor effluent stream in said final chamber; passing said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a bed; discharging said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream from said final chamber on opposite sides of said bed. 9. An apparatus for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising: a first quench chamber having a reactor effluent inlet in downstream communication with said reactor and a quench liquid stream distributor, a bed for disengaging catalyst from said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream and a vapor-liquid separator comprising a quench liquid stream outlet from said first quench chamber and a vapor passage for passing said vaporous reactor effluent to a downstream chamber, said reactor effluent inlet and said quench liquid steam distributor being disposed on the same side of the bed. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said quench liquid stream distributor comprises nozzles directed upwardly and downwardly. 11. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a wetting liquid stream distributor and said reactor effluent inlet being interposed between said quench liquid stream distributor and said wetting liquid stream distributor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said downstream chamber comprises a liquid stream distributor proximate to a vapor passage for admitting said vaporous reactor effluent stream to said downstream chamber, a vapor-liquid separator and a bed interposed between said liquid stream distributor and said vapor-liquid separator. 13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said downstream chamber comprises a liquid stream distributor, a vaporous reactor effluent inlet in downstream communication with said vapor passage and a bed interposed between said vaporous reactor effluent inlet and said liquid stream distributor. 14. The apparatus of claim 9 further wherein said first quench chamber and said downstream chamber are in separate vessels. 15. A process for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising:
feeding said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber; directly contacting said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream with said first quench liquid stream to cool said hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into said first quench liquid stream; passing said first quench liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a first bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into said first quench liquid stream; passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a final chamber; directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a final liquid stream to wash said vaporous reactor effluent stream in said final chamber; passing said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a second bed; and discharging said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream from said final chamber on opposite sides of said bed. 16. The process of claim 15 further comprising spraying said first quench liquid stream upwardly and downwardly in said first quench chamber. 17. The process of claim 15 further comprising separating said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst. 18. The process of claim 17 further comprising discharging said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said first quench chamber. 19. The process of claim 17 further comprising passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a second chamber before passing it to the final chamber; directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with a wetting liquid stream to wash catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream in said second quench chamber; passing said second quench wetting stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream; separating said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst; and discharging said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said second chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst to a downstream chamber. 20. The process of claim 19 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with an alkaline wash liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline wash liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed; separating said alkaline wash liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline wash liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity to said final chamber. | A process and apparatus cool and remove catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream by feeding the hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber. The hot vaporous reactor effluent stream is directly contacted with the first quench liquid stream to cool the hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into the first quench liquid stream. The first quench liquid stream and the vaporous reactor effluent stream are passed together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from the vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into the first quench liquid stream.1. A process for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising:
feeding said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber; directly contacting said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream with said first quench liquid stream to cool said hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into said first quench liquid stream; passing said first quench liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into said first quench liquid stream. 2. The process of claim 1 further comprising spraying said first quench liquid stream upwardly and downwardly in said first quench chamber. 3. The process of claim 1 further comprising separating said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst. 4. The process of claim 3 further comprising discharging said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said first quench chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a downstream chamber. 5. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes a second chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with a second wetting liquid stream to wash catalyst therefrom into said second wetting liquid stream in said second chamber; passing said second wetting liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream; separating said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst; and discharging said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said second chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst from said second chamber. 6. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with an alkaline liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed; separating said alkaline liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity from said alkaline wash chamber. 7. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with an alkaline liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a bed; separating said alkaline liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity from said alkaline wash chamber. 8. The process of claim 4 wherein said downstream quench chamber includes a final chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a final liquid stream to wash said reactor effluent stream in said final chamber; passing said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a bed; discharging said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream from said final chamber on opposite sides of said bed. 9. An apparatus for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising: a first quench chamber having a reactor effluent inlet in downstream communication with said reactor and a quench liquid stream distributor, a bed for disengaging catalyst from said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream and a vapor-liquid separator comprising a quench liquid stream outlet from said first quench chamber and a vapor passage for passing said vaporous reactor effluent to a downstream chamber, said reactor effluent inlet and said quench liquid steam distributor being disposed on the same side of the bed. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said quench liquid stream distributor comprises nozzles directed upwardly and downwardly. 11. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a wetting liquid stream distributor and said reactor effluent inlet being interposed between said quench liquid stream distributor and said wetting liquid stream distributor. 12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said downstream chamber comprises a liquid stream distributor proximate to a vapor passage for admitting said vaporous reactor effluent stream to said downstream chamber, a vapor-liquid separator and a bed interposed between said liquid stream distributor and said vapor-liquid separator. 13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said downstream chamber comprises a liquid stream distributor, a vaporous reactor effluent inlet in downstream communication with said vapor passage and a bed interposed between said vaporous reactor effluent inlet and said liquid stream distributor. 14. The apparatus of claim 9 further wherein said first quench chamber and said downstream chamber are in separate vessels. 15. A process for cooling and removing catalyst from a hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising:
feeding said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream comprising catalyst and a first quench liquid stream to a first quench chamber; directly contacting said hot vaporous reactor effluent stream with said first quench liquid stream to cool said hot reactor effluent stream and wash catalyst therefrom into said first quench liquid stream; passing said first quench liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a first bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream and transferring catalyst into said first quench liquid stream; passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a final chamber; directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a final liquid stream to wash said vaporous reactor effluent stream in said final chamber; passing said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream counter currently through a second bed; and discharging said final liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream from said final chamber on opposite sides of said bed. 16. The process of claim 15 further comprising spraying said first quench liquid stream upwardly and downwardly in said first quench chamber. 17. The process of claim 15 further comprising separating said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst. 18. The process of claim 17 further comprising discharging said first quench liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said first quench chamber. 19. The process of claim 17 further comprising passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst to a second chamber before passing it to the final chamber; directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with a wetting liquid stream to wash catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream in said second quench chamber; passing said second quench wetting stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed while disengaging catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream into said second wetting liquid stream; separating said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst; and discharging said second wetting liquid stream with an increased loading of catalyst from said second chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a further decreased loading of catalyst to a downstream chamber. 20. The process of claim 19 wherein said downstream chamber includes an alkaline wash chamber and further comprising directly contacting said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased loading of catalyst with an alkaline wash liquid stream to neutralize acidic components therein in said alkaline wash chamber; passing said alkaline wash liquid stream and said vaporous reactor effluent stream together through a bed; separating said alkaline wash liquid stream from said vaporous reactor effluent stream with a decreased acidity; and discharging said alkaline wash liquid stream from said alkaline wash chamber and passing said vaporous reactor effluent stream with decreased acidity to said final chamber. | 1,700 |
341,464 | 16,801,794 | 1,797 | A container apparatus having at least one containment member is disclosed that may include a bottom and at least one sidewall, an interior and an open end. The container may also include a flange that extends around a free end of the at least one side wall, and a plurality of wall members (or castellations) connected to/formed with/that extend from the flange. The plurality of wall members may be separated by ventilation apertures, with the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around the perimeter of the free end. A sealing material, such as a removable film, may extend over the open end to enclose the containment member. | 1. A container apparatus comprising:
a containment member having a bottom, a sidewall, and at least one aperture formed in at least one of the bottom and the sidewall, the bottom and the sidewall being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, the sidewall having a free end opposite the bottom, the free end defining an open end for the containment member; a flange integrally connected to the free end of the sidewall; a plurality of wall members extending from the flange, each of the plurality of wall members being separated by a ventilation aperture, the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around the open end; a film connected to the plurality of wall members; a second containment member having a bottom and a sidewall, the bottom and the sidewall of the second containment member being integrally connected to form an internal cavity of the second containment member, and the sidewall of the second containment member having a free end opposite the bottom, the free end of the second containment member defining an open end for the second containment member; and a second film connected to the second containment member to cover the open end of the second containment member. 2. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film covers the open end of the containment member so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 3. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 4. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 5. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film is connected to the plurality of wall members to substantially cover the open end such that the ventilation apertures allow air to flow into the containment member. 6. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 7. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film is removably mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members. 8. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 9. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 10. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 11. A container apparatus comprising:
a containment member having a bottom, at least one sidewall, and at least one aperture formed in at least one of the bottom and the at least one sidewall, the bottom and the at least one sidewall being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, the at least one sidewall having an edge opposite the bottom, the edge defining an open end of the containment member; a flange extending outwardly from the edge of the at least one side wall; a plurality of wall members extending from the flange, each of the plurality of wall members being separated by a ventilation aperture, the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around a perimeter of the open end; a film connected to the plurality of wall members, the film extends over the open end of the containment member so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere; a second containment member having a bottom and at least one sidewall, the bottom and the at least one sidewall of the second containment member being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, and the at least one sidewall of the second containment member having an edge opposite the bottom, the edge of the second containment member defining an open end for the second containment member; and a second film connected to the second containment member, the second film extends over the open end of the second containment member. 12. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 13. The container apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 14. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 15. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the film is connected to the plurality of wall members to substantially cover the open end such that the ventilation apertures allow air to flow into the containment member. 16. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 17. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the film is removably mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members. 18. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 19. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 20. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. | A container apparatus having at least one containment member is disclosed that may include a bottom and at least one sidewall, an interior and an open end. The container may also include a flange that extends around a free end of the at least one side wall, and a plurality of wall members (or castellations) connected to/formed with/that extend from the flange. The plurality of wall members may be separated by ventilation apertures, with the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around the perimeter of the free end. A sealing material, such as a removable film, may extend over the open end to enclose the containment member.1. A container apparatus comprising:
a containment member having a bottom, a sidewall, and at least one aperture formed in at least one of the bottom and the sidewall, the bottom and the sidewall being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, the sidewall having a free end opposite the bottom, the free end defining an open end for the containment member; a flange integrally connected to the free end of the sidewall; a plurality of wall members extending from the flange, each of the plurality of wall members being separated by a ventilation aperture, the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around the open end; a film connected to the plurality of wall members; a second containment member having a bottom and a sidewall, the bottom and the sidewall of the second containment member being integrally connected to form an internal cavity of the second containment member, and the sidewall of the second containment member having a free end opposite the bottom, the free end of the second containment member defining an open end for the second containment member; and a second film connected to the second containment member to cover the open end of the second containment member. 2. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film covers the open end of the containment member so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 3. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 4. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 5. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film is connected to the plurality of wall members to substantially cover the open end such that the ventilation apertures allow air to flow into the containment member. 6. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 7. The container apparatus of claim 1, wherein the film is removably mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members. 8. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 9. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 10. The container apparatus of claim 7, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 11. A container apparatus comprising:
a containment member having a bottom, at least one sidewall, and at least one aperture formed in at least one of the bottom and the at least one sidewall, the bottom and the at least one sidewall being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, the at least one sidewall having an edge opposite the bottom, the edge defining an open end of the containment member; a flange extending outwardly from the edge of the at least one side wall; a plurality of wall members extending from the flange, each of the plurality of wall members being separated by a ventilation aperture, the plurality of wall members and the ventilation apertures extending around a perimeter of the open end; a film connected to the plurality of wall members, the film extends over the open end of the containment member so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere; a second containment member having a bottom and at least one sidewall, the bottom and the at least one sidewall of the second containment member being integrally connected to form an internal cavity, and the at least one sidewall of the second containment member having an edge opposite the bottom, the edge of the second containment member defining an open end for the second containment member; and a second film connected to the second containment member, the second film extends over the open end of the second containment member. 12. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 13. The container apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 14. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. 15. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the film is connected to the plurality of wall members to substantially cover the open end such that the ventilation apertures allow air to flow into the containment member. 16. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 17. The container apparatus of claim 11, wherein the film is removably mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members. 18. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a pair of side faces, and wherein the ventilation apertures are positioned between side faces of adjacent wall members. 19. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of wall members includes a top surface, and
wherein the film is mounted to the top surfaces of the plurality of wall members so that the ventilation apertures and the internal cavity remain open to an atmosphere. 20. The container apparatus of claim 17, wherein the ventilation apertures allow moisture to escape the containment member and allow air to flow when the film is mounted to the top surface of the plurality of wall members. | 1,700 |
341,465 | 16,801,777 | 1,797 | A link assembly for a machine is disclosed herein. The link assembly includes a first master link portion, a full track link, and a plug. The full track link is coupled to the first master link portion. The plug is positioned within the full track link and adjacent to the first master link portion. The plug is positioned and shaped to prevent the rotational movement of the first master link portion. | 1. A link assembly for a machine, the link assembly comprising:
a first master link portion; a full track link coupled to the first master link portion, the full track link including
a fastening aperture extending therethrough and located proximate to the first master link portion; and
a plug positioned within and extending beyond the fastening aperture and adjacent to the first master link portion. 2. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the first master link portion further includes a master link bearing aperture; wherein the full track link further includes a bearing aperture; and wherein the link assembly further comprises a bearing extending through the master link bearing aperture and the bearing aperture of the full track link, the bearing coupling the first master link portion to the full track link. 3. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the plug cannot substantially rotate within the fastening aperture. 4. The link assembly of claim 3, wherein the plug has an outer surface that contacts the first master link portion and the full track link simultaneously. 5. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the plug further comprises
a first side; a second side opposite the first side; a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side. 6. The plug of claim 5, wherein a portion of the first side contacts the first master link portion, and wherein a portion of the top side and a portion of the second side contact the full track link. 7. The plug of claim 5, wherein the first side is positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, and wherein the top side and second side are positioned adjacent to the full track link. 8. A track assembly for a machine, the track assembly comprising:
a first master link portion; a plurality of full track links, each of the plurality of full track links coupled to at least one of the plurality of full track links, at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion, each of the plurality of full track links including
a fastening aperture; and
a plug positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, the plug positioned within and extending beyond the fastening aperture of at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion. 9. The track assembly of claim 8, wherein the plug further comprises
a first side; a second side opposite the first side; a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side. 10. The track assembly of claim 9, wherein the track assembly further comprises a plurality of track shoes; and a plurality of fastening assemblies coupling the plurality of full track links to the plurality of track shoes. 11. The track assembly of claim 10, wherein the plug is positioned in contact with the first master link portion, at least one of the plurality of fastening assemblies, and the fastening aperture of at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion. 12. The track assembly of claim 10, wherein a portion of the first side contacts the first master link portion, wherein the bottom side is positioned adjacent to the fastening assembly, and wherein a portion of the top side and a portion of the second side contacts the full track link. 13. The track assembly of claim 9, wherein the first side is positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, and wherein the top side and second side are positioned adjacent to the full track link. 14. An anti-rotation plug for a machine with a link assembly, the link assembly including a master link portion and a full track link including a fastening aperture extending therethrough, the anti-rotation plug comprising:
a first side having a contoured portion to abut the first master link portion; and a second side opposite the first side and having a contoured portion to abut the full track link. 15. The anti-rotation plug of claim 14, wherein the anti-rotation plug further comprises:
a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side, the top side having a contoured portion to the full track link. 16. The anti-rotation plug of claim 15, wherein the top side of the anti-rotation plug is shaped to limit rotation of the master link portion. 17. The anti-rotation plug of claim 14, wherein the anti-rotation plug is made from a polymer material. | A link assembly for a machine is disclosed herein. The link assembly includes a first master link portion, a full track link, and a plug. The full track link is coupled to the first master link portion. The plug is positioned within the full track link and adjacent to the first master link portion. The plug is positioned and shaped to prevent the rotational movement of the first master link portion.1. A link assembly for a machine, the link assembly comprising:
a first master link portion; a full track link coupled to the first master link portion, the full track link including
a fastening aperture extending therethrough and located proximate to the first master link portion; and
a plug positioned within and extending beyond the fastening aperture and adjacent to the first master link portion. 2. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the first master link portion further includes a master link bearing aperture; wherein the full track link further includes a bearing aperture; and wherein the link assembly further comprises a bearing extending through the master link bearing aperture and the bearing aperture of the full track link, the bearing coupling the first master link portion to the full track link. 3. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the plug cannot substantially rotate within the fastening aperture. 4. The link assembly of claim 3, wherein the plug has an outer surface that contacts the first master link portion and the full track link simultaneously. 5. The link assembly of claim 1, wherein the plug further comprises
a first side; a second side opposite the first side; a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side. 6. The plug of claim 5, wherein a portion of the first side contacts the first master link portion, and wherein a portion of the top side and a portion of the second side contact the full track link. 7. The plug of claim 5, wherein the first side is positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, and wherein the top side and second side are positioned adjacent to the full track link. 8. A track assembly for a machine, the track assembly comprising:
a first master link portion; a plurality of full track links, each of the plurality of full track links coupled to at least one of the plurality of full track links, at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion, each of the plurality of full track links including
a fastening aperture; and
a plug positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, the plug positioned within and extending beyond the fastening aperture of at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion. 9. The track assembly of claim 8, wherein the plug further comprises
a first side; a second side opposite the first side; a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side. 10. The track assembly of claim 9, wherein the track assembly further comprises a plurality of track shoes; and a plurality of fastening assemblies coupling the plurality of full track links to the plurality of track shoes. 11. The track assembly of claim 10, wherein the plug is positioned in contact with the first master link portion, at least one of the plurality of fastening assemblies, and the fastening aperture of at least one of the plurality of full track links coupled to the first master link portion. 12. The track assembly of claim 10, wherein a portion of the first side contacts the first master link portion, wherein the bottom side is positioned adjacent to the fastening assembly, and wherein a portion of the top side and a portion of the second side contacts the full track link. 13. The track assembly of claim 9, wherein the first side is positioned adjacent to the first master link portion, and wherein the top side and second side are positioned adjacent to the full track link. 14. An anti-rotation plug for a machine with a link assembly, the link assembly including a master link portion and a full track link including a fastening aperture extending therethrough, the anti-rotation plug comprising:
a first side having a contoured portion to abut the first master link portion; and a second side opposite the first side and having a contoured portion to abut the full track link. 15. The anti-rotation plug of claim 14, wherein the anti-rotation plug further comprises:
a bottom side extending from the first side to the second side; and a top side opposite the bottom side and extending from the first side to the second side, the top side having a contoured portion to the full track link. 16. The anti-rotation plug of claim 15, wherein the top side of the anti-rotation plug is shaped to limit rotation of the master link portion. 17. The anti-rotation plug of claim 14, wherein the anti-rotation plug is made from a polymer material. | 1,700 |
341,466 | 16,801,807 | 1,797 | A coaxial loudspeaker comprises a low frequency driver, a high frequency driver, and a magnetic circuit. The low frequency driver is configured to generate low frequency sounds and includes a first voice coil. The high frequency driver, coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver, is configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver and includes a second voice coil. The magnetic circuit includes a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, a first magnetic gap including magnetic flux from the first magnet and the second magnet in which the first voice coil is positioned, and a second magnetic gap including magnetic flux from the first magnet and the second magnet in which the second voice coil is positioned. | 1. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including a first voice coil; a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including a second voice coil; and a magnetic circuit shared by the low frequency driver and the high frequency driver, the magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall,
a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall,
a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet,
a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet,
a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring,
a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and
a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 2. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 3. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 2, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate and across the first magnetic gap and the second magnetic gap. 4. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 5. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the central ring includes a flat outer surface and a rounded inner surface. 6. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the low frequency driver further includes:
a first collar on which the first voice coil is mounted, a first diaphragm frusto-conically shaped and connected to the first collar such that motion of the first voice coil causes motion of the first diaphragm, a first surround configured to reduce radial motion of the first diaphragm, and a first spider configured to reduce radial motion of the first collar. 7. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the high frequency driver further includes:
a second collar on which the second voice coil is mounted, a second diaphragm dome shaped and connected to the second collar such that motion of the second voice coil causes motion of the second diaphragm, and a second surround configured to reduce radial motion of the second diaphragm and the second voice coil. 8. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including
a first voice coil,
a first collar on which the first voice coil is mounted,
a first diaphragm frusto-conically shaped and connected to the first collar such that motion of the first voice coil causes motion of the first diaphragm,
a first surround configured to reduce radial motion of the first diaphragm, and
a first spider configured to reduce radial motion of the first collar,
a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including
a second voice coil,
a second collar on which the second voice coil is mounted,
a second diaphragm dome shaped and connected to the second collar such that motion of the second voice coil causes motion of the second diaphragm, and
a second surround configured to reduce radial motion of the second diaphragm and the second voice coil; and
a magnetic circuit shared by the low frequency driver and the high frequency driver, the magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall,
a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall,
a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet,
a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet,
a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring,
a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and
a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 9. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 10. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 9, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate. 11. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 12. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein the central ring includes a flat outer surface and a rounded inner surface. 13. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including a frusto-conically shaped first diaphragm with a circumferential inner edge and a circumferential outer edge; and a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including
a dome shaped second diaphragm with a circumferential edge, and
an annular waveguide with a circumferential inner edge adjacent to the second diaphragm and a circumferential outer edge adjacent to the first diaphragm, the waveguide in combination with the first diaphragm forming an acoustic waveguide for the high frequency driver. 14. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 13, wherein the low frequency driver includes a first voice coil and the high frequency driver includes a second voice coil, and the coaxial loudspeaker further comprises a magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall, a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall, a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet, a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet, a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring, a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 15. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 14, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 16. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 15, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate and across the first magnetic gap and the second magnetic gap. 17. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 15, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 18. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 13, wherein the waveguide and the first diaphragm in combination form an oblate spheroid shape. | A coaxial loudspeaker comprises a low frequency driver, a high frequency driver, and a magnetic circuit. The low frequency driver is configured to generate low frequency sounds and includes a first voice coil. The high frequency driver, coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver, is configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver and includes a second voice coil. The magnetic circuit includes a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, a first magnetic gap including magnetic flux from the first magnet and the second magnet in which the first voice coil is positioned, and a second magnetic gap including magnetic flux from the first magnet and the second magnet in which the second voice coil is positioned.1. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including a first voice coil; a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including a second voice coil; and a magnetic circuit shared by the low frequency driver and the high frequency driver, the magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall,
a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall,
a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet,
a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet,
a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring,
a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and
a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 2. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 3. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 2, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate and across the first magnetic gap and the second magnetic gap. 4. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 5. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the central ring includes a flat outer surface and a rounded inner surface. 6. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the low frequency driver further includes:
a first collar on which the first voice coil is mounted, a first diaphragm frusto-conically shaped and connected to the first collar such that motion of the first voice coil causes motion of the first diaphragm, a first surround configured to reduce radial motion of the first diaphragm, and a first spider configured to reduce radial motion of the first collar. 7. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the high frequency driver further includes:
a second collar on which the second voice coil is mounted, a second diaphragm dome shaped and connected to the second collar such that motion of the second voice coil causes motion of the second diaphragm, and a second surround configured to reduce radial motion of the second diaphragm and the second voice coil. 8. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including
a first voice coil,
a first collar on which the first voice coil is mounted,
a first diaphragm frusto-conically shaped and connected to the first collar such that motion of the first voice coil causes motion of the first diaphragm,
a first surround configured to reduce radial motion of the first diaphragm, and
a first spider configured to reduce radial motion of the first collar,
a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including
a second voice coil,
a second collar on which the second voice coil is mounted,
a second diaphragm dome shaped and connected to the second collar such that motion of the second voice coil causes motion of the second diaphragm, and
a second surround configured to reduce radial motion of the second diaphragm and the second voice coil; and
a magnetic circuit shared by the low frequency driver and the high frequency driver, the magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall,
a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall,
a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet,
a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet,
a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring,
a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and
a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 9. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 10. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 9, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate. 11. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 12. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 8, wherein the central ring includes a flat outer surface and a rounded inner surface. 13. A coaxial loudspeaker comprising:
a low frequency driver configured to generate low frequency sounds, the low frequency driver including a frusto-conically shaped first diaphragm with a circumferential inner edge and a circumferential outer edge; and a high frequency driver coaxially aligned with the low frequency driver and configured to generate high frequency sounds relative to the low frequency driver, the high frequency driver including
a dome shaped second diaphragm with a circumferential edge, and
an annular waveguide with a circumferential inner edge adjacent to the second diaphragm and a circumferential outer edge adjacent to the first diaphragm, the waveguide in combination with the first diaphragm forming an acoustic waveguide for the high frequency driver. 14. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 13, wherein the low frequency driver includes a first voice coil and the high frequency driver includes a second voice coil, and the coaxial loudspeaker further comprises a magnetic circuit including
a cup including a hollow cylindrical side wall and a circular bottom wall connected to one end of the side wall, a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field, the first magnet positioned within the cup in contact with the bottom wall, a second magnet configured to generate a second magnetic field, the second magnet positioned within the cup axially spaced apart from the first magnet, a pole piece positioned within the cup, the pole piece including a central ring and a lower flange connected to the central ring and extending radially outward, the central ring positioned radially inward from the second magnet, a plate having a ring shape and positioned within the cup in contact with the second magnet and radially outward from the central ring, a first magnetic gap in which the first voice coil is positioned, the first magnetic gap located between the lower flange and the side wall of the cup, and a second magnetic gap in which the second voice coil is positioned, the second magnetic gap located between the central ring and the plate. 15. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 14, wherein approximately 70% of a magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the first magnetic gap and approximately 30% of the magnetic flux generated by each magnet flows through the second magnetic gap. 16. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 15, wherein the magnetic flux generated by the first magnet and the second magnet flows through the side wall, a portion of the bottom wall, the pole piece, and the plate and across the first magnetic gap and the second magnetic gap. 17. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 15, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet each have roughly the same shape and roughly the same dimensions. 18. The coaxial loudspeaker of claim 13, wherein the waveguide and the first diaphragm in combination form an oblate spheroid shape. | 1,700 |
341,467 | 16,801,813 | 1,797 | A method and a computing apparatus for analyzing data usage are provided. The method includes: accessing a data set; identifying at least one user that has accessed the data set within a predetermined time interval; determining a number of times that the identified user accessed the data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting an identification of the user in conjunction with information identifying the data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the data set. The method may further include determining a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the data set, and outputting information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern. | 1. A method for analyzing data usage, the method being implemented by at least one processor, the method comprising:
accessing, by the at least one processor, a first data set; identifying, by the at least one processor, at least one user that has accessed the first data set within a predetermined time interval; determining, by the at least one processor, a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the first data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting, by the at least one processor, an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the first data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the first data set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying comprises identifying all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the first data set; and outputting information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
using, by the at least one processor, the determined data set-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of the first data set by at least a predetermined number of users; and when the predicted accessing by the at least predetermined number of users does not occur, outputting, by the at least one processor, a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the at least one processor, a second data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; determining, by the at least one processor, a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the second data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting, by the at least one processor, an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the second data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the second data set. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval; and identifying all users that have accessed the second data set within the predetermined time interval. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying at least one additional data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; and outputting an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying each of the at least one additional data set. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, a user-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to all of the first data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set for the at least one user; and outputting information that relates to the determined user-specific data usage pattern. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
using, by the at least one processor, the determined user-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of at least one of the fist data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set by the at least one user; and when the predicted accessing by the at least one user does not occur, outputting, by the at least one processor, a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 10. A computing apparatus for analyzing data usage, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; a memory; and a communication interface coupled to each of the processor and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
access a first data set;
identify at least one user that has accessed the first data set within a predetermined time interval;
determine a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the first data set during the predetermined time interval; and
output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the first data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the first data set. 11. The computing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to identify all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the first data set; and output information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
use the determined data set-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of the first data set by at least a predetermined number of users; and when the predicted accessing by the at least predetermined number of users does not occur, output a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a second data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; determine a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the second data set during the predetermined time interval; and output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the second data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the second data set. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval; and identify all users that have accessed the second data set within the predetermined time interval. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify at least one additional data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; and output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying each of the at least one additional data set. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a user-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to all of the first data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set for the at least one user; and output information that relates to the determined user-specific data usage pattern. 18. The computing apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
use the determined user-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of at least one of the fist data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set by the at least one user; and when the predicted accessing by the at least one user does not occur, output a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. | A method and a computing apparatus for analyzing data usage are provided. The method includes: accessing a data set; identifying at least one user that has accessed the data set within a predetermined time interval; determining a number of times that the identified user accessed the data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting an identification of the user in conjunction with information identifying the data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the data set. The method may further include determining a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the data set, and outputting information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern.1. A method for analyzing data usage, the method being implemented by at least one processor, the method comprising:
accessing, by the at least one processor, a first data set; identifying, by the at least one processor, at least one user that has accessed the first data set within a predetermined time interval; determining, by the at least one processor, a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the first data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting, by the at least one processor, an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the first data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the first data set. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying comprises identifying all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the first data set; and outputting information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
using, by the at least one processor, the determined data set-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of the first data set by at least a predetermined number of users; and when the predicted accessing by the at least predetermined number of users does not occur, outputting, by the at least one processor, a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the at least one processor, a second data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; determining, by the at least one processor, a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the second data set during the predetermined time interval; and outputting, by the at least one processor, an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the second data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the second data set. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval; and identifying all users that have accessed the second data set within the predetermined time interval. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
identifying at least one additional data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; and outputting an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying each of the at least one additional data set. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by the at least one processor, a user-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to all of the first data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set for the at least one user; and outputting information that relates to the determined user-specific data usage pattern. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
using, by the at least one processor, the determined user-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of at least one of the fist data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set by the at least one user; and when the predicted accessing by the at least one user does not occur, outputting, by the at least one processor, a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 10. A computing apparatus for analyzing data usage, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; a memory; and a communication interface coupled to each of the processor and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
access a first data set;
identify at least one user that has accessed the first data set within a predetermined time interval;
determine a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the first data set during the predetermined time interval; and
output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the first data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the first data set. 11. The computing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to identify all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a data set-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to the first data set; and output information that relates to the determined data set-specific data usage pattern. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
use the determined data set-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of the first data set by at least a predetermined number of users; and when the predicted accessing by the at least predetermined number of users does not occur, output a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a second data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; determine a number of times that the identified at least one user accessed the second data set during the predetermined time interval; and output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying the second data set and information indicating the determined number of times of accessing the second data set. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify all users that have accessed the first data set within the predetermined time interval; and identify all users that have accessed the second data set within the predetermined time interval. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify at least one additional data set that has been accessed by the at least one user during the predetermined time interval; and output an identification of the at least one user in conjunction with information identifying each of the at least one additional data set. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a user-specific data usage pattern that indicates usage frequency information that relates to all of the first data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set for the at least one user; and output information that relates to the determined user-specific data usage pattern. 18. The computing apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to:
use the determined user-specific data usage pattern to predict an accessing of at least one of the fist data set, the second data set, and the at least one additional data set by the at least one user; and when the predicted accessing by the at least one user does not occur, output a notification that indicates a data usage anomaly. | 1,700 |
341,468 | 16,801,817 | 1,797 | A processor-implemented method is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects; receiving, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos; identifying a first subset of the one or more videos based on: comparing the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos with identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and the resource allocation profile; and sending, to the client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device. | 1. A computing system, comprising:
a communications module communicable with an external network; a memory; and a processor coupled to the communications module and the memory, the processor being configured to:
obtain user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects;
receive, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos;
identify a first subset of the one or more videos based on:
performing textual comparison between the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos and identifiers associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and
selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and filtering using preferences of the entity defined in the resource allocation profile; and
send, to a client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein obtaining the user account data comprises querying a database to retrieve identities of tradeable objects contained in a virtual portfolio associated with the entity. 3. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect a change in the virtual portfolio associated with the entity; and in response to detecting the change, identify a second subset of the one or more videos and sending, to the client device, the second subset of videos for display in the user interface on the client device. 4. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the comparing comprises, for at least one of the one or more videos, identifying matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 5. The computing system of claim 4, wherein selecting the videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises determining a count of matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 6. The computing system of claim 1, wherein selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises:
computing relevance scores for the one or more videos, the relevance scores measuring similarity between the content indicator tags and the identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting the videos of the first subset based on the computed values of the relevance scores. 7. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to assign, to at least one of the videos of the first subset, a priority index representing a priority of displaying the at least one video in a listing of videos on the client device, the priority index being determined based on the comparison. 8. The computing system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a personalized ranking of the one or more videos of the first subset based on the priority indices associated with the one or more videos of the first subset; and send the personalized ranking to the client device. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive video data for a first video not included in the first subset; determine that a relevance score for the first video is greater than a relevance score for at least one of the videos of the first subset; in response to the determining, send, to the client device, an indication of the first video and identities of the at least one video of the first subset having a lower relevance score than the first video. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the resource allocation profile comprises an investment risk profile indicating a risk tolerance associated with the entity for at least one of the one or more tradeable objects. 11. A processor-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects; receiving, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos; identifying a first subset of the one or more videos based on:
performing textual comparison between the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos and identifiers associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and
selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and filtering using preferences of the entity defined in the resource allocation profile; and
sending, to a client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the user account data comprises querying a database to retrieve identities of tradeable objects contained in a virtual portfolio associated with the entity. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in the virtual portfolio associated with the entity; and in response to detecting the change, identifying a second subset of the one or more videos and sending, to the client device, the second subset of videos for display in the user interface on the client device. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the comparing comprises, for at least one of the one or more videos, identifying matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein selecting the videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises determining a count of matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises:
computing relevance scores for the one or more videos, the relevance scores measuring similarity between the content indicator tags and the identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting the videos of the first subset based on the computed values of the relevance scores. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising assigning, to at least one of the videos of the first subset, a priority index representing a priority of displaying the at least one video in a listing of videos on the client device, the priority index being determined based on the comparison. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a personalized ranking of the one or more videos of the first subset based on the priority indices associated with the one or more videos of the first subset; and sending the personalized ranking to the client device. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving video data for a first video not included in the first subset; determining that a relevance score for the first video is greater than a relevance score for at least one of the videos of the first subset; in response to the determining, sending, to the client device, an indication of the first video and identities of the at least one video of the first subset having a lower relevance score than the first video. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the resource allocation profile comprises an investment risk profile indicating a risk tolerance associated with the entity for at least one of the one or more tradeable objects. | A processor-implemented method is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects; receiving, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos; identifying a first subset of the one or more videos based on: comparing the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos with identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and the resource allocation profile; and sending, to the client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device.1. A computing system, comprising:
a communications module communicable with an external network; a memory; and a processor coupled to the communications module and the memory, the processor being configured to:
obtain user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects;
receive, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos;
identify a first subset of the one or more videos based on:
performing textual comparison between the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos and identifiers associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and
selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and filtering using preferences of the entity defined in the resource allocation profile; and
send, to a client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device. 2. The computing system of claim 1, wherein obtaining the user account data comprises querying a database to retrieve identities of tradeable objects contained in a virtual portfolio associated with the entity. 3. The computing system of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect a change in the virtual portfolio associated with the entity; and in response to detecting the change, identify a second subset of the one or more videos and sending, to the client device, the second subset of videos for display in the user interface on the client device. 4. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the comparing comprises, for at least one of the one or more videos, identifying matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 5. The computing system of claim 4, wherein selecting the videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises determining a count of matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 6. The computing system of claim 1, wherein selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises:
computing relevance scores for the one or more videos, the relevance scores measuring similarity between the content indicator tags and the identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting the videos of the first subset based on the computed values of the relevance scores. 7. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to assign, to at least one of the videos of the first subset, a priority index representing a priority of displaying the at least one video in a listing of videos on the client device, the priority index being determined based on the comparison. 8. The computing system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a personalized ranking of the one or more videos of the first subset based on the priority indices associated with the one or more videos of the first subset; and send the personalized ranking to the client device. 9. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive video data for a first video not included in the first subset; determine that a relevance score for the first video is greater than a relevance score for at least one of the videos of the first subset; in response to the determining, send, to the client device, an indication of the first video and identities of the at least one video of the first subset having a lower relevance score than the first video. 10. The computing system of claim 1, wherein the resource allocation profile comprises an investment risk profile indicating a risk tolerance associated with the entity for at least one of the one or more tradeable objects. 11. A processor-implemented method, comprising:
obtaining user account data identifying one or more tradeable objects associated with an entity and a resource allocation profile in connection with the one or more tradeable objects; receiving, from at least one media data source, video data for one or more videos, the video data including content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos; identifying a first subset of the one or more videos based on:
performing textual comparison between the content indicator tags associated with the one or more videos and identifiers associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and
selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset based on the comparing and filtering using preferences of the entity defined in the resource allocation profile; and
sending, to a client device, an indication of the first subset of videos for display in a user interface on the client device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein obtaining the user account data comprises querying a database to retrieve identities of tradeable objects contained in a virtual portfolio associated with the entity. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting a change in the virtual portfolio associated with the entity; and in response to detecting the change, identifying a second subset of the one or more videos and sending, to the client device, the second subset of videos for display in the user interface on the client device. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the comparing comprises, for at least one of the one or more videos, identifying matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein selecting the videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises determining a count of matches between the content indicators tags associated with the at least one video and the identifying information associated with the tradeable objects represented in the at least one video. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein selecting videos for inclusion in the first subset comprises:
computing relevance scores for the one or more videos, the relevance scores measuring similarity between the content indicator tags and the identifying information associated with the one or more tradeable objects; and selecting the videos of the first subset based on the computed values of the relevance scores. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising assigning, to at least one of the videos of the first subset, a priority index representing a priority of displaying the at least one video in a listing of videos on the client device, the priority index being determined based on the comparison. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining a personalized ranking of the one or more videos of the first subset based on the priority indices associated with the one or more videos of the first subset; and sending the personalized ranking to the client device. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving video data for a first video not included in the first subset; determining that a relevance score for the first video is greater than a relevance score for at least one of the videos of the first subset; in response to the determining, sending, to the client device, an indication of the first video and identities of the at least one video of the first subset having a lower relevance score than the first video. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the resource allocation profile comprises an investment risk profile indicating a risk tolerance associated with the entity for at least one of the one or more tradeable objects. | 1,700 |
341,469 | 16,801,771 | 1,797 | A battery pack for use with a power tool and including a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported. The housing has a set of openings. A printed circuit board is supported within the housing and in electrical communication with the battery cells. Battery pack contacts are coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board. A terminal block is supported by the printed circuit board and encloses the battery pack contacts. Each of the battery pack contacts are accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing and the terminal block. A first gasket is positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing and a second gasket is positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board. | 1. A power tool system comprising:
a power tool including
a housing including a battery-receiving portion that removably receives a battery pack, and
device contacts supported by the housing, the device contacts configured to mechanically and electrically interface with the battery pack; and
the battery pack including
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings,
a frame member positioned within the housing;
a printed circuit board supported within the housing by the frame member, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board,
battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing,
a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, the battery pack contacts being accessible through a first wall of the terminal block,
a first gasket positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the first gasket having a surface that abuts the first wall and at least a portion of the frame member, and
a second gasket positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board. 2. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein a coating covers at least a portion of each of the device contacts, the coating being an insulator. 3. The power tool system of claim 2, wherein the coating is a spray acrylic. 4. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein the first gasket includes a first set of openings and the second gasket includes a second set of openings, each of the first set of openings corresponding to an on opening in the first wall of the terminal block and each of the second set of openings corresponding to an opening in the second wall of the terminal block. 5. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein the first gasket and the second gasket prevent fluid and debris from entering the terminal block. 6. A battery pack for use with a power tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings; a printed circuit board supported within the housing, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing; a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, the terminal block including a wall having a first set of openings, each of the openings in wall corresponding to one of openings in the housing; and a gasket positioned between the first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the gasket including a set of openings, each of the openings corresponding to one of the openings in the housing of the battery pack and one of the set of openings in the terminal block. 7. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket prevents fluid and debris from entering the openings in the housing and the openings in the terminal block 8. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein a thickness of the gasket corresponds to a distance between the wall of the terminal block and the housing, the gasket configured to reduce vibration between the housing and the terminal block. 9. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket is a first gasket and wherein a second gasket is positioned between the printed circuit board and the terminal block, the second gasket preventing fluid and debris from entering the terminal block. 10. The battery pack of claim 9, wherein the second gasket includes a set of openings, each of the set of openings of the second gasket corresponding an opening in a second wall of the terminal block. 11. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket covers and extends beyond an outer periphery of the wall of the terminal block. 12. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein each of the openings in the gasket entirely surrounds the respective opening in the terminal block. 13. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket includes a first surface that abuts a first surface of the housing and a second surface that abuts a second surface of the housing. 14. The battery pack of claim 6, further comprising a frame member positioned within the housing and configured to support the printed circuit board. 15. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein the gasket includes a first surface that abuts a first surface of the housing and a second surface that is opposite the first surface, the second surface abutting the wall of the terminal block and a portion of the frame member. 16. A battery pack for use with a power tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings; a printed circuit board supported within the housing, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing and the terminal block; a first gasket positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the first gasket including a first surface, a second surface that is opposite the first surface, and a third surface, the first surface being in contact with a first surface of the housing, the second surface being in contact with the wall of the terminal block, the third surface being in contact with a second surface of the housing; and a second gasket positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board. 17. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the gasket covers and extends beyond an outer periphery of the first wall of the terminal block. 18. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein each of the openings in the gasket entirely surrounds the respective opening in the terminal block. 19. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the first gasket includes a first set of openings and the second gasket includes a second set of openings, each of the first set of openings corresponding to an on opening in the first wall of the terminal block and each of the second set of openings corresponding to an opening in the second wall of the terminal block. 20. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein each of the first gasket and the second gasket prevent water and debris from entering the terminal block. 21. A power tool comprising:
a housing including a battery-receiving portion that removably receives a battery pack, and device contacts supported by the housing, the device contacts configured to mechanically and electrically interface with the battery pack; and a coating covers at least a portion of each of the device contacts, the coating being an insulator. 22. The power tool of claim 21, wherein the coating is a spray acrylic. | A battery pack for use with a power tool and including a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported. The housing has a set of openings. A printed circuit board is supported within the housing and in electrical communication with the battery cells. Battery pack contacts are coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board. A terminal block is supported by the printed circuit board and encloses the battery pack contacts. Each of the battery pack contacts are accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing and the terminal block. A first gasket is positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing and a second gasket is positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board.1. A power tool system comprising:
a power tool including
a housing including a battery-receiving portion that removably receives a battery pack, and
device contacts supported by the housing, the device contacts configured to mechanically and electrically interface with the battery pack; and
the battery pack including
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings,
a frame member positioned within the housing;
a printed circuit board supported within the housing by the frame member, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board,
battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing,
a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, the battery pack contacts being accessible through a first wall of the terminal block,
a first gasket positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the first gasket having a surface that abuts the first wall and at least a portion of the frame member, and
a second gasket positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board. 2. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein a coating covers at least a portion of each of the device contacts, the coating being an insulator. 3. The power tool system of claim 2, wherein the coating is a spray acrylic. 4. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein the first gasket includes a first set of openings and the second gasket includes a second set of openings, each of the first set of openings corresponding to an on opening in the first wall of the terminal block and each of the second set of openings corresponding to an opening in the second wall of the terminal block. 5. The power tool system of claim 1, wherein the first gasket and the second gasket prevent fluid and debris from entering the terminal block. 6. A battery pack for use with a power tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings; a printed circuit board supported within the housing, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing; a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, the terminal block including a wall having a first set of openings, each of the openings in wall corresponding to one of openings in the housing; and a gasket positioned between the first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the gasket including a set of openings, each of the openings corresponding to one of the openings in the housing of the battery pack and one of the set of openings in the terminal block. 7. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket prevents fluid and debris from entering the openings in the housing and the openings in the terminal block 8. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein a thickness of the gasket corresponds to a distance between the wall of the terminal block and the housing, the gasket configured to reduce vibration between the housing and the terminal block. 9. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket is a first gasket and wherein a second gasket is positioned between the printed circuit board and the terminal block, the second gasket preventing fluid and debris from entering the terminal block. 10. The battery pack of claim 9, wherein the second gasket includes a set of openings, each of the set of openings of the second gasket corresponding an opening in a second wall of the terminal block. 11. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket covers and extends beyond an outer periphery of the wall of the terminal block. 12. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein each of the openings in the gasket entirely surrounds the respective opening in the terminal block. 13. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein the gasket includes a first surface that abuts a first surface of the housing and a second surface that abuts a second surface of the housing. 14. The battery pack of claim 6, further comprising a frame member positioned within the housing and configured to support the printed circuit board. 15. The battery pack of claim 14, wherein the gasket includes a first surface that abuts a first surface of the housing and a second surface that is opposite the first surface, the second surface abutting the wall of the terminal block and a portion of the frame member. 16. A battery pack for use with a power tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing having an internal cavity in which one or more battery cells are supported, the housing having a set of openings; a printed circuit board supported within the housing, the battery cells being in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; battery pack contacts coupled to and in electrical communication with the printed circuit board; a terminal block supported by the printed circuit board and enclosing the battery pack contacts, each of the battery pack contacts being accessible through one of the set of openings in the housing and the terminal block; a first gasket positioned between a first wall of the terminal block and the housing, the first gasket including a first surface, a second surface that is opposite the first surface, and a third surface, the first surface being in contact with a first surface of the housing, the second surface being in contact with the wall of the terminal block, the third surface being in contact with a second surface of the housing; and a second gasket positioned between a second wall of the terminal block and the printed circuit board. 17. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the gasket covers and extends beyond an outer periphery of the first wall of the terminal block. 18. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein each of the openings in the gasket entirely surrounds the respective opening in the terminal block. 19. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein the first gasket includes a first set of openings and the second gasket includes a second set of openings, each of the first set of openings corresponding to an on opening in the first wall of the terminal block and each of the second set of openings corresponding to an opening in the second wall of the terminal block. 20. The battery pack of claim 16, wherein each of the first gasket and the second gasket prevent water and debris from entering the terminal block. 21. A power tool comprising:
a housing including a battery-receiving portion that removably receives a battery pack, and device contacts supported by the housing, the device contacts configured to mechanically and electrically interface with the battery pack; and a coating covers at least a portion of each of the device contacts, the coating being an insulator. 22. The power tool of claim 21, wherein the coating is a spray acrylic. | 1,700 |
341,470 | 16,801,783 | 1,797 | A system is disclosed for providing inter-system mobility in integrated LTE and WiFi systems. A control plane interface, referred to as the S1a-C interface, is defined between a trusted WLAN access network (TWAN) and a mobility management entity (MME) comprised in an LTE wireless access network. A user plane interface, referred to as the S1a-U interface, is defined between the TWAN and a server gateway (SGW) in the LTE wireless access network. The MME operates as a common control plane entity for both LTE and TWAN access, while the SGW operates as a user plane gateway for both LTE and TWAN. The integrated MME and SGW allow for user equipment (UE) to access the capabilities of a packet data network (PDN) through either the LTE access network or TWAN. | 1. A user equipment (UE) comprising a processor, a memory, and computer-executable instructions stored in the memory which, when executed by the processor, cause the UE to:
establish, with a trusted wireless local area network (TWAN), a session on a first packet data network (PDN) connection, the first PDN connection being between the UE and the TWAN; discover a cellular network; determine, based on a policy, to transfer the session from the TWAN to the cellular network; send, over a first interface and to the cellular network, a handover request, the handover request pertaining to establishing a second (PDN) connection, the second PDN connection being between the UE and the cellular network, the handover request comprising a handover indication, an attach type, and an access point name (APN); receive, from the cellular network over the first interface, a handover response, the handover response comprising an internet protocol (IP) address or a prefix assigned for the second PDN connection; receive, over a second interface and from the TWAN, a release message, the release message instructing the UE to release the first PDN connection; and send, over the second interface and to the TWAN, an acknowledgement, the acknowledgement pertaining to the release of the first PDN connection. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the IP address or prefix assigned for the second PDN connection matches an IP address or prefix assigned for the first PDN connection. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the UE to establish a radio bearer over the cellular network. 4. The UE of claim 3, wherein the instructions further cause the UE to send and receive data via the radio bearer. 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the policy is an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy. 6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE receives in the response a charging ID that was assigned to the PDN connection through the TWAN. | A system is disclosed for providing inter-system mobility in integrated LTE and WiFi systems. A control plane interface, referred to as the S1a-C interface, is defined between a trusted WLAN access network (TWAN) and a mobility management entity (MME) comprised in an LTE wireless access network. A user plane interface, referred to as the S1a-U interface, is defined between the TWAN and a server gateway (SGW) in the LTE wireless access network. The MME operates as a common control plane entity for both LTE and TWAN access, while the SGW operates as a user plane gateway for both LTE and TWAN. The integrated MME and SGW allow for user equipment (UE) to access the capabilities of a packet data network (PDN) through either the LTE access network or TWAN.1. A user equipment (UE) comprising a processor, a memory, and computer-executable instructions stored in the memory which, when executed by the processor, cause the UE to:
establish, with a trusted wireless local area network (TWAN), a session on a first packet data network (PDN) connection, the first PDN connection being between the UE and the TWAN; discover a cellular network; determine, based on a policy, to transfer the session from the TWAN to the cellular network; send, over a first interface and to the cellular network, a handover request, the handover request pertaining to establishing a second (PDN) connection, the second PDN connection being between the UE and the cellular network, the handover request comprising a handover indication, an attach type, and an access point name (APN); receive, from the cellular network over the first interface, a handover response, the handover response comprising an internet protocol (IP) address or a prefix assigned for the second PDN connection; receive, over a second interface and from the TWAN, a release message, the release message instructing the UE to release the first PDN connection; and send, over the second interface and to the TWAN, an acknowledgement, the acknowledgement pertaining to the release of the first PDN connection. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the IP address or prefix assigned for the second PDN connection matches an IP address or prefix assigned for the first PDN connection. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the UE to establish a radio bearer over the cellular network. 4. The UE of claim 3, wherein the instructions further cause the UE to send and receive data via the radio bearer. 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the policy is an access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) policy. 6. The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE receives in the response a charging ID that was assigned to the PDN connection through the TWAN. | 1,700 |
341,471 | 16,801,818 | 1,797 | The invention describes a method for sending and receiving text messages by a correspondent to/from another party using a mobile phone or other mobile device where the correspondent inputs the required text to the device in Morse code without the use of the correspondent's vision (eyes) and the correspondent's voice, while requiring a minimal employment of only one of the correspondent's hands or arms. The Morse code consists of only the symbols “dot” and “dash” and can be entered “blindly” with an input device having the barest minimum amount of sensors. The invented method of texting is being facilitated by audio guidance produced by the mobile device's text-to-speech synthesizer and played to the correspondent (possibly privately) through an audio reproduction system attached, connected to, or built into the mobile device. The invented method of mobile text messaging does not require the correspondent's vision, thus freeing the correspondent's eyes for other activities. By not requiring the correspondent's spoken voice the invention allows discreet and private mobile text messaging in the presence of other individuals, as well as making it possible to communicate in noisy environments where using voice recognition to enter text would not be viable. By reducing the employment of the correspondent's hands/arms to only a limited use of a single hand/arm, this invention can address text messaging scenarios where hands are needed for other tasks, for instance walking or driving a vehicle. | 1. A method for sending and receiving text messages to/from another party using a mobile computer or a mobile phone (later called mobile device) where the correspondent inputs text by blindly and silently manipulating an input device having only a few input sensors due to utilization of the Morse code, reducing the entire alphabet to the two symbols “dot” and “dash”, and where the correspondent is receiving the incoming, outgoing and/or other feedback and guidance audio messages generated by a text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device through an audio reproduction system attached to, connected to, or built into the mobile device, the method comprising:
A method utilizing Morse code input and audio feedback output for composing and editing the text message content in the mobile device by “blindly” and “silently” manipulating an input device attached, built into or connected to the mobile device, the input device having very few input sensors due to the Morse code only having two symbols in its “alphabet”, and receiving feedback by listening to audio messages generated by the text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device through an audio reproduction system attached, connected, or built into the mobile device;
A further method utilizing Morse code and audio feedback for the purposes of blindly and silently navigating the correspondent parties directory or navigating the received messages, where the feedback and guidance audio messages are created by the text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device and played through an audio reproduction system built into, attached or connected wirelessly to the mobile device, and the navigation commands and search keywords and other search criteria data are entered using Morse code on an input device having very few sensors due to the Morse code only having two symbols in its “alphabet”. 2. An apparatus enabling the method of claim 1 comprising:
A mobile phone or mobile computer (the mobile device) of claim 1 enabled for wireless transmission of text messages to other parties;
An input control device of claim 1 either built into or wirelessly or otherwise connected to or attached to the mobile device, capable of being manually operated by the correspondent “blindly” (not looking at it) and “silently” (not speaking aloud) designed for entering text in the Morse code and/or issue very few additional control commands, the amount of sensors in the device being drastically reduced to allow blind manipulation due to the Morse code only having the two symbols “dot” and “dash” in its alphabet;
An audio reproduction system of claim 1 built into, attached or wirelessly or otherwise connected to the mobile device of claim 1 for relaying synthesized text messages (privately if desired) from the mobile device of claim 1 to the correspondent via audio channel (the correspondent's ears);
A software program running on the mobile device of claim 1 that enables the method for composing, sending and receiving text messages to/from the correspondent and another party (the method of claim 1), the program comprising:
A subprogram receiving the Morse code messages created by the correspondent utilizing the input device of claim 1;
A subprogram synthesizing voice messages and playing them through the audio reproduction system of claim 1 built into, attached or connected to the mobile device of claim 1;
A further subprogram capable of executing commands sent by the correspondent using the input device of claim 1;
A further controlling subprogram coordinating the overall functioning of the subprograms to enable the operation of the method of claim 1, generally consisting of steps of alerting the correspondent of incoming message received by the mobile computer or mobile phone from the other party, playing the incoming message, composing the draft reply message, editing the composed reply message, and sending the composed reply message to the other party, the described steps may optionally include steps of listing the correspondent directory, playing the summary information from the list of received messages, selecting the desired correspondent or desired message to be the recipient of the message being composed, entering or exiting the desired conversation, these additional steps supporting the need to proactively initiate a text message exchange or reply to a previously received message);
A further subprogram optionally communicating with the commercial-off-the-shelf messaging software installed on the mobile device in order to send and receive text messages to/from the recipient. | The invention describes a method for sending and receiving text messages by a correspondent to/from another party using a mobile phone or other mobile device where the correspondent inputs the required text to the device in Morse code without the use of the correspondent's vision (eyes) and the correspondent's voice, while requiring a minimal employment of only one of the correspondent's hands or arms. The Morse code consists of only the symbols “dot” and “dash” and can be entered “blindly” with an input device having the barest minimum amount of sensors. The invented method of texting is being facilitated by audio guidance produced by the mobile device's text-to-speech synthesizer and played to the correspondent (possibly privately) through an audio reproduction system attached, connected to, or built into the mobile device. The invented method of mobile text messaging does not require the correspondent's vision, thus freeing the correspondent's eyes for other activities. By not requiring the correspondent's spoken voice the invention allows discreet and private mobile text messaging in the presence of other individuals, as well as making it possible to communicate in noisy environments where using voice recognition to enter text would not be viable. By reducing the employment of the correspondent's hands/arms to only a limited use of a single hand/arm, this invention can address text messaging scenarios where hands are needed for other tasks, for instance walking or driving a vehicle.1. A method for sending and receiving text messages to/from another party using a mobile computer or a mobile phone (later called mobile device) where the correspondent inputs text by blindly and silently manipulating an input device having only a few input sensors due to utilization of the Morse code, reducing the entire alphabet to the two symbols “dot” and “dash”, and where the correspondent is receiving the incoming, outgoing and/or other feedback and guidance audio messages generated by a text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device through an audio reproduction system attached to, connected to, or built into the mobile device, the method comprising:
A method utilizing Morse code input and audio feedback output for composing and editing the text message content in the mobile device by “blindly” and “silently” manipulating an input device attached, built into or connected to the mobile device, the input device having very few input sensors due to the Morse code only having two symbols in its “alphabet”, and receiving feedback by listening to audio messages generated by the text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device through an audio reproduction system attached, connected, or built into the mobile device;
A further method utilizing Morse code and audio feedback for the purposes of blindly and silently navigating the correspondent parties directory or navigating the received messages, where the feedback and guidance audio messages are created by the text-to-speech synthesizer of the mobile device and played through an audio reproduction system built into, attached or connected wirelessly to the mobile device, and the navigation commands and search keywords and other search criteria data are entered using Morse code on an input device having very few sensors due to the Morse code only having two symbols in its “alphabet”. 2. An apparatus enabling the method of claim 1 comprising:
A mobile phone or mobile computer (the mobile device) of claim 1 enabled for wireless transmission of text messages to other parties;
An input control device of claim 1 either built into or wirelessly or otherwise connected to or attached to the mobile device, capable of being manually operated by the correspondent “blindly” (not looking at it) and “silently” (not speaking aloud) designed for entering text in the Morse code and/or issue very few additional control commands, the amount of sensors in the device being drastically reduced to allow blind manipulation due to the Morse code only having the two symbols “dot” and “dash” in its alphabet;
An audio reproduction system of claim 1 built into, attached or wirelessly or otherwise connected to the mobile device of claim 1 for relaying synthesized text messages (privately if desired) from the mobile device of claim 1 to the correspondent via audio channel (the correspondent's ears);
A software program running on the mobile device of claim 1 that enables the method for composing, sending and receiving text messages to/from the correspondent and another party (the method of claim 1), the program comprising:
A subprogram receiving the Morse code messages created by the correspondent utilizing the input device of claim 1;
A subprogram synthesizing voice messages and playing them through the audio reproduction system of claim 1 built into, attached or connected to the mobile device of claim 1;
A further subprogram capable of executing commands sent by the correspondent using the input device of claim 1;
A further controlling subprogram coordinating the overall functioning of the subprograms to enable the operation of the method of claim 1, generally consisting of steps of alerting the correspondent of incoming message received by the mobile computer or mobile phone from the other party, playing the incoming message, composing the draft reply message, editing the composed reply message, and sending the composed reply message to the other party, the described steps may optionally include steps of listing the correspondent directory, playing the summary information from the list of received messages, selecting the desired correspondent or desired message to be the recipient of the message being composed, entering or exiting the desired conversation, these additional steps supporting the need to proactively initiate a text message exchange or reply to a previously received message);
A further subprogram optionally communicating with the commercial-off-the-shelf messaging software installed on the mobile device in order to send and receive text messages to/from the recipient. | 1,700 |
341,472 | 16,801,788 | 3,731 | Surgical stapler systems can include lockout mechanisms to restrict further movement of a jaw assembly and provide different functionality when a jaw assembly is empty and when a partially or fully fired reload cartridge is present in the jaw assembly. When the jaw assembly is empty, the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism can arrest an open-close stroke of the jaw assembly. When an at least partially fired reload is present in the jaw assembly, a fired reload lockout mechanism can allow operation of the jaw assembly through a substantial portion of an open-close stroke, but restrict actuation of the jaw assembly in a firing stroke. The separate lockout mechanisms can be embodied in a single lockout lever actuatable by lockout actuators to three distinct positions or by two independently-operable lockout levers. | 1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw comprising a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
an empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism; and
a fired reload lockout mechanism;
wherein the first jaw is pivotably coupled to the second jaw; wherein the firing member is longitudinally slidable within the jaw assembly to move the jaw assembly in an open close stroke to pivot the first jaw relative to the second jaw from an open configuration to a closed configuration and in a firing stroke distal the open close stroke to fire staples from the reload cartridge; wherein the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism restricts distal movement of the firing member in the open close stroke when no reload cartridge is present in the reload support; and wherein the fired reload lockout mechanism prevents distal movement of the firing member from the open close stroke to the firing stroke. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge having a plurality of staples therein, and the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator and a second lockout actuator. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator comprises a ramped boss formed on the reload cartridge. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a slider longitudinally distally slidable therein to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the second lockout actuator comprises a tail formed on the slider. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator engages the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism to defeat the empty jaw lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is positioned in the reload support. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the second lockout actuator engages the fired reload lockout mechanism to defeat the fired reload lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is in an unfired configuration is positioned in the reload support. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the firing beam comprises a first lockout notch and a second lockout notch formed therein. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein the second jaw of the jaw assembly further comprises a lockout lever pivotably coupled thereto, the lockout lever having a proximal end and a distal end. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first lockout notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second lockout notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first lockout notch and the second lockout notch. 10. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom; and
a lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first notch and the second notch. 11. The surgical stapler of claim 10, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a ramped boss protruding therefrom, the ramped boss positioned to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the ramped boss pivots the lockout lever to the second position. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally slidable therein from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples therefrom. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 13, wherein the slider comprises a tail extending proximally therefrom, the tail configured to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support and the slider in the proximal position. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 15, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the tail pivots the lockout lever to the unlocked position. 17. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
a first lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the first lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end; and
a second lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the second lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the first lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the first lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the first notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the first notch, and wherein the second lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the second lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the second notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a spring biasing a distal end of the first lockout lever towards the reload support. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 17, wherein the second lockout lever comprises a biasing member positioned on a lower surface of the distal end thereof. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the first lockout lever, and a second lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the second lockout lever. 21. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a cartridge body and a cartridge jacket partially encompassing the cartridge body and wherein first lockout actuator comprises a protrusion formed in the cartridge jacket. 22. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally distally slidable within the reload cartridge from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the slider comprises a proximally extending tail defining the second lockout actuator when the slider is in the proximal position. 23. The surgical stapler of claim 22, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a cartridge spring, the cartridge spring positioned to bias a distal end of the second lockout lever towards the reload support with the slider distally advanced from the proximal position. | Surgical stapler systems can include lockout mechanisms to restrict further movement of a jaw assembly and provide different functionality when a jaw assembly is empty and when a partially or fully fired reload cartridge is present in the jaw assembly. When the jaw assembly is empty, the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism can arrest an open-close stroke of the jaw assembly. When an at least partially fired reload is present in the jaw assembly, a fired reload lockout mechanism can allow operation of the jaw assembly through a substantial portion of an open-close stroke, but restrict actuation of the jaw assembly in a firing stroke. The separate lockout mechanisms can be embodied in a single lockout lever actuatable by lockout actuators to three distinct positions or by two independently-operable lockout levers.1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw comprising a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
an empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism; and
a fired reload lockout mechanism;
wherein the first jaw is pivotably coupled to the second jaw; wherein the firing member is longitudinally slidable within the jaw assembly to move the jaw assembly in an open close stroke to pivot the first jaw relative to the second jaw from an open configuration to a closed configuration and in a firing stroke distal the open close stroke to fire staples from the reload cartridge; wherein the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism restricts distal movement of the firing member in the open close stroke when no reload cartridge is present in the reload support; and wherein the fired reload lockout mechanism prevents distal movement of the firing member from the open close stroke to the firing stroke. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge having a plurality of staples therein, and the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator and a second lockout actuator. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator comprises a ramped boss formed on the reload cartridge. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a slider longitudinally distally slidable therein to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the second lockout actuator comprises a tail formed on the slider. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator engages the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism to defeat the empty jaw lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is positioned in the reload support. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the second lockout actuator engages the fired reload lockout mechanism to defeat the fired reload lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is in an unfired configuration is positioned in the reload support. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the firing beam comprises a first lockout notch and a second lockout notch formed therein. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein the second jaw of the jaw assembly further comprises a lockout lever pivotably coupled thereto, the lockout lever having a proximal end and a distal end. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first lockout notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second lockout notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first lockout notch and the second lockout notch. 10. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom; and
a lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first notch and the second notch. 11. The surgical stapler of claim 10, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a ramped boss protruding therefrom, the ramped boss positioned to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the ramped boss pivots the lockout lever to the second position. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally slidable therein from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples therefrom. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 13, wherein the slider comprises a tail extending proximally therefrom, the tail configured to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support and the slider in the proximal position. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 15, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the tail pivots the lockout lever to the unlocked position. 17. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
a first lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the first lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end; and
a second lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the second lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the first lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the first lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the first notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the first notch, and wherein the second lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the second lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the second notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a spring biasing a distal end of the first lockout lever towards the reload support. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 17, wherein the second lockout lever comprises a biasing member positioned on a lower surface of the distal end thereof. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the first lockout lever, and a second lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the second lockout lever. 21. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a cartridge body and a cartridge jacket partially encompassing the cartridge body and wherein first lockout actuator comprises a protrusion formed in the cartridge jacket. 22. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally distally slidable within the reload cartridge from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the slider comprises a proximally extending tail defining the second lockout actuator when the slider is in the proximal position. 23. The surgical stapler of claim 22, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a cartridge spring, the cartridge spring positioned to bias a distal end of the second lockout lever towards the reload support with the slider distally advanced from the proximal position. | 3,700 |
341,473 | 16,801,804 | 3,731 | Surgical stapler systems can include lockout mechanisms to restrict further movement of a jaw assembly and provide different functionality when a jaw assembly is empty and when a partially or fully fired reload cartridge is present in the jaw assembly. When the jaw assembly is empty, the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism can arrest an open-close stroke of the jaw assembly. When an at least partially fired reload is present in the jaw assembly, a fired reload lockout mechanism can allow operation of the jaw assembly through a substantial portion of an open-close stroke, but restrict actuation of the jaw assembly in a firing stroke. The separate lockout mechanisms can be embodied in a single lockout lever actuatable by lockout actuators to three distinct positions or by two independently-operable lockout levers. | 1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw comprising a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
an empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism; and
a fired reload lockout mechanism;
wherein the first jaw is pivotably coupled to the second jaw; wherein the firing member is longitudinally slidable within the jaw assembly to move the jaw assembly in an open close stroke to pivot the first jaw relative to the second jaw from an open configuration to a closed configuration and in a firing stroke distal the open close stroke to fire staples from the reload cartridge; wherein the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism restricts distal movement of the firing member in the open close stroke when no reload cartridge is present in the reload support; and wherein the fired reload lockout mechanism prevents distal movement of the firing member from the open close stroke to the firing stroke. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge having a plurality of staples therein, and the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator and a second lockout actuator. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator comprises a ramped boss formed on the reload cartridge. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a slider longitudinally distally slidable therein to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the second lockout actuator comprises a tail formed on the slider. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator engages the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism to defeat the empty jaw lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is positioned in the reload support. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the second lockout actuator engages the fired reload lockout mechanism to defeat the fired reload lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is in an unfired configuration is positioned in the reload support. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the firing beam comprises a first lockout notch and a second lockout notch formed therein. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein the second jaw of the jaw assembly further comprises a lockout lever pivotably coupled thereto, the lockout lever having a proximal end and a distal end. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first lockout notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second lockout notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first lockout notch and the second lockout notch. 10. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom; and
a lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first notch and the second notch. 11. The surgical stapler of claim 10, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a ramped boss protruding therefrom, the ramped boss positioned to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the ramped boss pivots the lockout lever to the second position. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally slidable therein from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples therefrom. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 13, wherein the slider comprises a tail extending proximally therefrom, the tail configured to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support and the slider in the proximal position. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 15, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the tail pivots the lockout lever to the unlocked position. 17. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
a first lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the first lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end; and
a second lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the second lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the first lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the first lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the first notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the first notch, and wherein the second lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the second lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the second notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a spring biasing a distal end of the first lockout lever towards the reload support. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 17, wherein the second lockout lever comprises a biasing member positioned on a lower surface of the distal end thereof. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the first lockout lever, and a second lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the second lockout lever. 21. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a cartridge body and a cartridge jacket partially encompassing the cartridge body and wherein first lockout actuator comprises a protrusion formed in the cartridge jacket. 22. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally distally slidable within the reload cartridge from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the slider comprises a proximally extending tail defining the second lockout actuator when the slider is in the proximal position. 23. The surgical stapler of claim 22, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a cartridge spring, the cartridge spring positioned to bias a distal end of the second lockout lever towards the reload support with the slider distally advanced from the proximal position. | Surgical stapler systems can include lockout mechanisms to restrict further movement of a jaw assembly and provide different functionality when a jaw assembly is empty and when a partially or fully fired reload cartridge is present in the jaw assembly. When the jaw assembly is empty, the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism can arrest an open-close stroke of the jaw assembly. When an at least partially fired reload is present in the jaw assembly, a fired reload lockout mechanism can allow operation of the jaw assembly through a substantial portion of an open-close stroke, but restrict actuation of the jaw assembly in a firing stroke. The separate lockout mechanisms can be embodied in a single lockout lever actuatable by lockout actuators to three distinct positions or by two independently-operable lockout levers.1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw comprising a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
an empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism; and
a fired reload lockout mechanism;
wherein the first jaw is pivotably coupled to the second jaw; wherein the firing member is longitudinally slidable within the jaw assembly to move the jaw assembly in an open close stroke to pivot the first jaw relative to the second jaw from an open configuration to a closed configuration and in a firing stroke distal the open close stroke to fire staples from the reload cartridge; wherein the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism restricts distal movement of the firing member in the open close stroke when no reload cartridge is present in the reload support; and wherein the fired reload lockout mechanism prevents distal movement of the firing member from the open close stroke to the firing stroke. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge having a plurality of staples therein, and the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator and a second lockout actuator. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator comprises a ramped boss formed on the reload cartridge. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a slider longitudinally distally slidable therein to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the second lockout actuator comprises a tail formed on the slider. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the first lockout actuator engages the empty jaw assembly lockout mechanism to defeat the empty jaw lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is positioned in the reload support. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the second lockout actuator engages the fired reload lockout mechanism to defeat the fired reload lockout mechanism when the reload cartridge is in an unfired configuration is positioned in the reload support. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the firing beam comprises a first lockout notch and a second lockout notch formed therein. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein the second jaw of the jaw assembly further comprises a lockout lever pivotably coupled thereto, the lockout lever having a proximal end and a distal end. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first lockout notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second lockout notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first lockout notch and the second lockout notch. 10. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom; and
a lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a first height corresponding to the first notch, a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch, and an unlocked position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a third height spaced apart from the first notch and the second notch. 11. The surgical stapler of claim 10, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support. 12. The surgical stapler of claim 11, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a ramped boss protruding therefrom, the ramped boss positioned to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support. 13. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the ramped boss pivots the lockout lever to the second position. 14. The surgical stapler of claim 12, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally slidable therein from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples therefrom. 15. The surgical stapler of claim 13, wherein the slider comprises a tail extending proximally therefrom, the tail configured to engage the distal end of the lockout lever with the reload cartridge positioned in the reload support and the slider in the proximal position. 16. The surgical stapler of claim 15, wherein engagement of the distal end of the lockout lever with the tail pivots the lockout lever to the unlocked position. 17. A surgical stapler comprising:
an elongate shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis extending between the proximal end and the distal end; a firing beam having a proximal end and a distal end, at least a portion of the firing beam being longitudinally slidable within the elongate shaft, the firing beam comprising a first notch formed therein and a second notch formed therein; a firing member at the distal end of the firing beam; and a jaw assembly at the distal end of the elongate shaft, the jaw assembly comprising:
a first jaw defining an anvil;
a second jaw defining a reload support configured to receive a reload cartridge having a plurality of staples deployable therefrom;
a first lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the first lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end; and
a second lockout lever pivotably coupled to the second jaw, the second lockout lever having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pivot between the proximal end and the distal end;
wherein the first lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the first lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the first notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the first notch, and wherein the second lockout lever is pivotable between a first position in which the proximal end of the second lockout lever is at a first height spaced apart from the second notch and a second position in which the proximal end of the lockout lever is at a second height corresponding to a position of the second notch. 18. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a spring biasing a distal end of the first lockout lever towards the reload support. 19. The surgical stapler of claim 17, wherein the second lockout lever comprises a biasing member positioned on a lower surface of the distal end thereof. 20. The surgical stapler of claim 17, further comprising a reload cartridge removably positionable in the reload support, the reload cartridge comprising a first lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the first lockout lever, and a second lockout actuator positioned to engage the distal end of the second lockout lever. 21. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a cartridge body and a cartridge jacket partially encompassing the cartridge body and wherein first lockout actuator comprises a protrusion formed in the cartridge jacket. 22. The surgical stapler of claim 20, wherein the reload cartridge comprises a plurality of staples positioned therein and a slider longitudinally distally slidable within the reload cartridge from a proximal position to a distal position to deploy the plurality of staples, and wherein the slider comprises a proximally extending tail defining the second lockout actuator when the slider is in the proximal position. 23. The surgical stapler of claim 22, wherein the reload cartridge further comprises a cartridge spring, the cartridge spring positioned to bias a distal end of the second lockout lever towards the reload support with the slider distally advanced from the proximal position. | 3,700 |
341,474 | 16,801,800 | 3,783 | Devices, kits and methods for determining the site of intramuscular injection in adult and child patients are disclosed. The device includes a top element and two legs that are configured to be fastened in a first position and a second position. When placed in the first position and second position, the device forms a substantially triangular region having a center that corresponds to the site of injection. | 1. A device to locate an intramuscular site of an injection comprising:
a top element including a first end and a second end, and a top edge configured to be placed adjacent to a patient's acromion; a first leg pivotally attached to the first end of the top element such that the first leg has an attached end and a free end; a second leg pivotally attached to the second end such that the first leg has an attached end and a free end; and an end fastener pair including a first portion attached adjacent to the free end of the first leg and a second portion attached adjacent to the free end of the second leg, and an intermediate fastener pair including a first portion attached on the first leg between the first portion of the end fastener and the attached end of the first leg, the intermediate fastener pair including a second portion attached on the second leg between the second portion of the first fastener and the free end of the second leg. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the top element, the first leg and the second leg are sized such that when the end fastener pair is fastened together, the first leg, the second leg and the top element form a substantially triangular region having a center, wherein the center of the substantially triangular region which corresponds to an intramuscular site of injection in the deltoid region for an adult patient when the top edge of the top element is place against an adult patient's acromion. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the top element, the first leg and the second leg are sized such that when the intermediate fastener pair is fastened together, the first leg, the second leg and the top element form a substantially triangular region having a center, wherein the center of the substantially triangular region which corresponds to an intramuscular site of injection in the deltoid region for a child patient when the top edge of the top element is place against a child patient's acromion. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein end fastener pair comprises a hook and loop closure system. 5. The device of claim 3, intermediate fastener pair comprises a hook and loop closure system. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the top element comprises finger indicia to indicates a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to place their index finger and middle finger. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first leg comprises right hand thumb indicia to indicate a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to align a right thumb. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the second leg comprises left hand thumb indicia to indicate a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to align their left thumb. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg and second leg each comprises indicia adjacent to the end fastener pair indicating that fastening the device at the end fastener pair provides an injection site location for an adult patient. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the first leg and second leg each comprises indicia adjacent to the intermediate fastener pair indicating that fastening the device at the end fastener pair provides an injection site location for a child patient. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg, the second leg and the top element comprise a transparent plastic. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg, the second leg and the top element comprise a translucent plastic. 13. An intramuscular injection kit comprising:
a hypodermic needle sized for intramuscular injection in a deltoid region of a patient; a syringe connectable to the hypodermic needle; and the device of claim 1. 14. The intramuscular injection kit of claim 13, further comprising a tray, wherein the needle, the syringe and the device are sealed in the tray. 15. A method of locating the site of an intramuscular injection comprising:
placing a top edge of a first element having a first end and a second end against the acromion of a patient; and positioning a first leg attached to the first end and a second leg attached to the second end in one of a first position and a second position to form a substantially triangular shaped region having a center, wherein when positioned in the first position, the center of the triangular region corresponds to the site of intramuscular injection for an adult patient's deltoid region, and when positioned in the second position, the center of the triangular region corresponds to the site of intramuscular injection for a child patient's deltoid region. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein an individual administering the intramuscular injection places an index finger and a middle finger from a left hand or a right hand on finger indicia which indicates where to place the index finger and middle finger, the finger indicia located on the top element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the individual providing the injection aligns their thumb of the hand from which the index finger and middle finger has been placed on the top element on one of the first leg or the second leg. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the individual administering the intramuscular injection has placed their index finger and middle finger from their right hand on the indicia of the top element, the individual aligns their thumb from their right hand with the first leg. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the individual administering the intramuscular injection has placed their index finger and middle finger from their left hand on the indicia of the top element, the individual aligns their thumb from their left hand with the second leg. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising fastening the first leg and the second leg in the first position. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising fastening the first leg and the second leg in the second position. 22. The method of claim 16, further comprising the individual reading indicia on the device indicating a proper size hypodermic needle for the intramuscular injection and fastening the hypodermic needle to syringe. | Devices, kits and methods for determining the site of intramuscular injection in adult and child patients are disclosed. The device includes a top element and two legs that are configured to be fastened in a first position and a second position. When placed in the first position and second position, the device forms a substantially triangular region having a center that corresponds to the site of injection.1. A device to locate an intramuscular site of an injection comprising:
a top element including a first end and a second end, and a top edge configured to be placed adjacent to a patient's acromion; a first leg pivotally attached to the first end of the top element such that the first leg has an attached end and a free end; a second leg pivotally attached to the second end such that the first leg has an attached end and a free end; and an end fastener pair including a first portion attached adjacent to the free end of the first leg and a second portion attached adjacent to the free end of the second leg, and an intermediate fastener pair including a first portion attached on the first leg between the first portion of the end fastener and the attached end of the first leg, the intermediate fastener pair including a second portion attached on the second leg between the second portion of the first fastener and the free end of the second leg. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the top element, the first leg and the second leg are sized such that when the end fastener pair is fastened together, the first leg, the second leg and the top element form a substantially triangular region having a center, wherein the center of the substantially triangular region which corresponds to an intramuscular site of injection in the deltoid region for an adult patient when the top edge of the top element is place against an adult patient's acromion. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the top element, the first leg and the second leg are sized such that when the intermediate fastener pair is fastened together, the first leg, the second leg and the top element form a substantially triangular region having a center, wherein the center of the substantially triangular region which corresponds to an intramuscular site of injection in the deltoid region for a child patient when the top edge of the top element is place against a child patient's acromion. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein end fastener pair comprises a hook and loop closure system. 5. The device of claim 3, intermediate fastener pair comprises a hook and loop closure system. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the top element comprises finger indicia to indicates a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to place their index finger and middle finger. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the first leg comprises right hand thumb indicia to indicate a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to align a right thumb. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the second leg comprises left hand thumb indicia to indicate a location for an individual performing the intramuscular injection to align their left thumb. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg and second leg each comprises indicia adjacent to the end fastener pair indicating that fastening the device at the end fastener pair provides an injection site location for an adult patient. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the first leg and second leg each comprises indicia adjacent to the intermediate fastener pair indicating that fastening the device at the end fastener pair provides an injection site location for a child patient. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg, the second leg and the top element comprise a transparent plastic. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the first leg, the second leg and the top element comprise a translucent plastic. 13. An intramuscular injection kit comprising:
a hypodermic needle sized for intramuscular injection in a deltoid region of a patient; a syringe connectable to the hypodermic needle; and the device of claim 1. 14. The intramuscular injection kit of claim 13, further comprising a tray, wherein the needle, the syringe and the device are sealed in the tray. 15. A method of locating the site of an intramuscular injection comprising:
placing a top edge of a first element having a first end and a second end against the acromion of a patient; and positioning a first leg attached to the first end and a second leg attached to the second end in one of a first position and a second position to form a substantially triangular shaped region having a center, wherein when positioned in the first position, the center of the triangular region corresponds to the site of intramuscular injection for an adult patient's deltoid region, and when positioned in the second position, the center of the triangular region corresponds to the site of intramuscular injection for a child patient's deltoid region. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein an individual administering the intramuscular injection places an index finger and a middle finger from a left hand or a right hand on finger indicia which indicates where to place the index finger and middle finger, the finger indicia located on the top element. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the individual providing the injection aligns their thumb of the hand from which the index finger and middle finger has been placed on the top element on one of the first leg or the second leg. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the individual administering the intramuscular injection has placed their index finger and middle finger from their right hand on the indicia of the top element, the individual aligns their thumb from their right hand with the first leg. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the individual administering the intramuscular injection has placed their index finger and middle finger from their left hand on the indicia of the top element, the individual aligns their thumb from their left hand with the second leg. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising fastening the first leg and the second leg in the first position. 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising fastening the first leg and the second leg in the second position. 22. The method of claim 16, further comprising the individual reading indicia on the device indicating a proper size hypodermic needle for the intramuscular injection and fastening the hypodermic needle to syringe. | 3,700 |
341,475 | 16,801,828 | 3,783 | A sintered magnet body (RaT1 bMcBd) coated with a powder mixture of an intermetallic compound (R1 iM1 j, R1 xT2 yM1 z, R1 iM1 jHk), alloy (M1 dM2 e) or metal (M1) powder and a rare earth (R2) oxide is diffusion treated. The R2 oxide is partially reduced during the diffusion treatment, so a significant amount of R2 can be introduced near interfaces of primary phase grains within the magnet through the passages in the form of grain boundaries. The coercive force is increased while minimizing a decline of remanence. | 1. A method for preparing a rare earth permanent magnet, comprising the steps of:
disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an M1 powder wherein M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, for causing the elements R2 and M1 in the powder mixture to diffuse to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treating step includes heat treatment at a temperature from 200° C. to (Ts−10)° C. for 1 minute to 30 hours wherein Ts represents the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the disposing step includes dispersing the powder mixture in an organic solvent or water, immersing the sintered magnet body in the resulting slurry, taking up the sintered magnet body, and drying for thereby covering the surface of the sintered magnet body with the powder mixture. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sintered magnet body has a shape including a minimum portion with a dimension equal to or less than 20 mm. 5. A rare earth permanent magnet, which is prepared by disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an M1 powder wherein M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, wherein
the elements R2 and M1 in the powder mixture are diffused to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains so that the coercive force of the rare earth permanent magnet is increased over the original sintered magnet body. | A sintered magnet body (RaT1 bMcBd) coated with a powder mixture of an intermetallic compound (R1 iM1 j, R1 xT2 yM1 z, R1 iM1 jHk), alloy (M1 dM2 e) or metal (M1) powder and a rare earth (R2) oxide is diffusion treated. The R2 oxide is partially reduced during the diffusion treatment, so a significant amount of R2 can be introduced near interfaces of primary phase grains within the magnet through the passages in the form of grain boundaries. The coercive force is increased while minimizing a decline of remanence.1. A method for preparing a rare earth permanent magnet, comprising the steps of:
disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an M1 powder wherein M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, for causing the elements R2 and M1 in the powder mixture to diffuse to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treating step includes heat treatment at a temperature from 200° C. to (Ts−10)° C. for 1 minute to 30 hours wherein Ts represents the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the disposing step includes dispersing the powder mixture in an organic solvent or water, immersing the sintered magnet body in the resulting slurry, taking up the sintered magnet body, and drying for thereby covering the surface of the sintered magnet body with the powder mixture. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sintered magnet body has a shape including a minimum portion with a dimension equal to or less than 20 mm. 5. A rare earth permanent magnet, which is prepared by disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an M1 powder wherein M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, wherein
the elements R2 and M1 in the powder mixture are diffused to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains so that the coercive force of the rare earth permanent magnet is increased over the original sintered magnet body. | 3,700 |
341,476 | 16,801,809 | 3,783 | An intravascular catheter device includes an expandable portion with a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter. An incising element is provided on and extends from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts. A medication delivery tube is associated with the particular one of the struts and the incising element. | 1. An intravascular catheter device comprising:
an expandable portion comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position, wherein the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position, wherein the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter; an incising element provided on and extending from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts; and a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts and the incising element. 2. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position. 3. The intravascular catheter device of claim 2 wherein:
the incising element comprises a sharpened edge extending along an upper edge of the incising element. 4. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube terminates adjacent to the incising element. 5. The intravascular catheter device of claim 4 wherein:
the medication delivery tube terminates at a base of the incising element. 6. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
an internal passageway extending from the medication delivery tube to an outer surface of the incising element. 7. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a jet positioned at the particular one of the struts and configured to aerosolize a substance passing through said jet; and
an internal passageway extending from the medication delivery tube to the jet. 8. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a reservoir configured to accommodate a pharmaceutical agent, wherein said drug delivery tube is in fluid communication with said reservoir; and
a pump in fluid communication with the drug delivery tube and configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent through said drug delivery tube when said pump is operated. 9. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube extends through the particular one of the struts. 10. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube extends along the particular one of the struts. 11. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a handle assembly; and
a flexible catheter tube extending from said handle assembly, wherein said expandable portion is secured to a distal portion of said catheter tube. 12. The intravascular catheter device of claim 11 further comprising:
a tip member positioned at a distal portion of said expandable portion; and
an inner sleeve extending through said expandable portion and connected to said tip member, wherein said inner sleeve is configured for sliding movement such that retraction of said inner sleeve is configured to cause retraction of said tip member, wherein each of said struts are connected to the tip member at a first end thereof and the catheter tube at a second end thereof such that said struts are configured to bow outwardly when said tip member is retracted by way of said inner sleeve. 13. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the incising element extends along a proximal portion of the particular one of the struts. 14. A method for depositing pharmaceutical agents along a zone of attention within a vascular system, said method comprising the steps of:
inserting an expandable portion comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter into the vascular system; navigating the expandable portion to a distal portion of the zone of attention; placing the expandable portion in the opened position such that an incising element provided on and extending from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts contacts atherosclerotic material located within the zone of attention; retracting the expandable portion along at least a portion of the zone of attention; and delivering a pharmaceutical agent though a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts to the incising element. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of:
delivering the pharmaceutical agent through at least a portion of the incising element by way of an internal passageway in fluid communication with the medication delivery tube. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
aerosolizing the pharmaceutical agent by passing the pharmaceutical agent through a jet associated with the incising element and in fluid communication with the internal passageway. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein:
said medication delivery tube extends through or along the particular one of the struts. 18. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the step of delivering a pharmaceutical agent though a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts to the incising element is performed while the expandable portion is being retracted along the portion of the zone of attention. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position. 20. An intravascular catheter device comprising:
a handle assembly; a flexible catheter tube extending from said handle assembly; an expandable portion secured to a distal portion of said catheter tube and comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter; a tip member positioned at a distal end of said expandable portion, wherein each of said struts are connected to the tip member at a first end thereof and the catheter tube at a second end thereof; an inner sleeve extending through said expandable portion and connected to said tip member, wherein said inner sleeve is configured for sliding movement such that retraction of said inner sleeve is configured to cause retraction of said tip member and outward bowing of said struts; an incising element provided on, and extending from, the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts, wherein the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position; and a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts and configured to facilitate delivery of a pharmaceutical agent to the incising element. | An intravascular catheter device includes an expandable portion with a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter. An incising element is provided on and extends from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts. A medication delivery tube is associated with the particular one of the struts and the incising element.1. An intravascular catheter device comprising:
an expandable portion comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position, wherein the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position, wherein the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter; an incising element provided on and extending from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts; and a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts and the incising element. 2. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position. 3. The intravascular catheter device of claim 2 wherein:
the incising element comprises a sharpened edge extending along an upper edge of the incising element. 4. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube terminates adjacent to the incising element. 5. The intravascular catheter device of claim 4 wherein:
the medication delivery tube terminates at a base of the incising element. 6. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
an internal passageway extending from the medication delivery tube to an outer surface of the incising element. 7. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a jet positioned at the particular one of the struts and configured to aerosolize a substance passing through said jet; and
an internal passageway extending from the medication delivery tube to the jet. 8. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a reservoir configured to accommodate a pharmaceutical agent, wherein said drug delivery tube is in fluid communication with said reservoir; and
a pump in fluid communication with the drug delivery tube and configured to deliver a pharmaceutical agent through said drug delivery tube when said pump is operated. 9. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube extends through the particular one of the struts. 10. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the medication delivery tube extends along the particular one of the struts. 11. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 further comprising:
a handle assembly; and
a flexible catheter tube extending from said handle assembly, wherein said expandable portion is secured to a distal portion of said catheter tube. 12. The intravascular catheter device of claim 11 further comprising:
a tip member positioned at a distal portion of said expandable portion; and
an inner sleeve extending through said expandable portion and connected to said tip member, wherein said inner sleeve is configured for sliding movement such that retraction of said inner sleeve is configured to cause retraction of said tip member, wherein each of said struts are connected to the tip member at a first end thereof and the catheter tube at a second end thereof such that said struts are configured to bow outwardly when said tip member is retracted by way of said inner sleeve. 13. The intravascular catheter device of claim 1 wherein:
the incising element extends along a proximal portion of the particular one of the struts. 14. A method for depositing pharmaceutical agents along a zone of attention within a vascular system, said method comprising the steps of:
inserting an expandable portion comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter into the vascular system; navigating the expandable portion to a distal portion of the zone of attention; placing the expandable portion in the opened position such that an incising element provided on and extending from the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts contacts atherosclerotic material located within the zone of attention; retracting the expandable portion along at least a portion of the zone of attention; and delivering a pharmaceutical agent though a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts to the incising element. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising the steps of:
delivering the pharmaceutical agent through at least a portion of the incising element by way of an internal passageway in fluid communication with the medication delivery tube. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
aerosolizing the pharmaceutical agent by passing the pharmaceutical agent through a jet associated with the incising element and in fluid communication with the internal passageway. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein:
said medication delivery tube extends through or along the particular one of the struts. 18. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the step of delivering a pharmaceutical agent though a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts to the incising element is performed while the expandable portion is being retracted along the portion of the zone of attention. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position. 20. An intravascular catheter device comprising:
a handle assembly; a flexible catheter tube extending from said handle assembly; an expandable portion secured to a distal portion of said catheter tube and comprising a plurality of struts operable between a closed position where the expandable portion has a first diameter, and an opened position where the expandable portion has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter; a tip member positioned at a distal end of said expandable portion, wherein each of said struts are connected to the tip member at a first end thereof and the catheter tube at a second end thereof; an inner sleeve extending through said expandable portion and connected to said tip member, wherein said inner sleeve is configured for sliding movement such that retraction of said inner sleeve is configured to cause retraction of said tip member and outward bowing of said struts; an incising element provided on, and extending from, the outward facing surface of a particular one of the struts, wherein the incising element extends parallel with a longitudinal axis of the expandable portion when the expandable portion is in the closed position; and a medication delivery tube associated with the particular one of the struts and configured to facilitate delivery of a pharmaceutical agent to the incising element. | 3,700 |
341,477 | 16,801,812 | 3,774 | The present invention relates to a partial joint replacement (1000), encompassing a shell-like segment (100) with a concave inner contour (3) for the arrangement on at the bone structure of a patient, wherein the segment (100) comprises a lateral section (5) and a medial section (7) along a longitudinal direction (x), and wherein the outer contour (1) of the segment (100) comprise in longitudinal direction (x) at least one inflection point (9). | 1. A partial elbow joint replacement (1000) comprising:
a shell-like segment (100) along a longitudinal direction (x) with a concave inner contour (3) for its arrangement on or at bone structures of a patient, wherein the segment (100) comprises a lateral section (5) and a medial section (7); and wherein an outer contour (1) of the segment (100) comprises at least one inflection point (9) in the longitudinal direction (x). 2. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the extension of the lateral section (5) in radial direction (r) is larger than the extension of the medial section (7) in radial direction (r). 3. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises no closed circumference in circumferential direction (u) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x) and/or perpendicular to the radial direction (r). 4. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises a wall thickness between 1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 3 mm. 5. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the outer contour (1), at least in sections, has been adapted in a preoperative planning stage to be patient-specific by means of a computer imaging, in particular such that it conforms to a corresponding bone part of an elbow joint of the patient. 6. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises a rough inner contour surface (3). 7. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the segment (100) is designed, in the longitudinal direction (x), in an analogous manner the outer contour (1) of the segment (100). 8. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the segment (100) comprises in longitudinal direction (x) at least one inflection point (9). 9. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a cylindrical contour in longitudinal direction (x). 10. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in longitudinal direction (x) which is radially bent to the inside. 11. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in the circumferential direction (u) which is radially bent to the inside. 12. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in longitudinal direction (x) or a convex contour in circumferential direction (u). 13. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises at its lateral end section at the end face a fixing unit for fixing the shell-like segment (100) to the bone. 14. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 13, wherein the fixing unit encompasses a screw. 15. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 13, which is fixable in the bone parallel to the longitudinal direction (x) by the fixing unit. 16. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the segment (100) comprises at its inner side (3) at least one anchoring device for anchoring the segment (100) in a bone structure. 17. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal direction (x) extends parallel to a rotation axis of the elbow joint, the longitudinal direction (x) is in the implanted state of the elbow joint replacement (1000) a rotation axis of the elbow joint and/or the longitudinal direction (x) is an epicondyle axis of the elbow joint. 18. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner side (3) of the segment (100) is shaped such that it conforms to a surface of a proximal ulna of the elbow joint. 19. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the segment (100) has at its lateral end an inlet or opening plane or wall which lies in a plane being under an angle (α) relative to the longitudinal direction (x). 20. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the angle (α) has a value within a range of 25° to 45°, preferably between 30° and 40°, more particularly preferred is 35°. | The present invention relates to a partial joint replacement (1000), encompassing a shell-like segment (100) with a concave inner contour (3) for the arrangement on at the bone structure of a patient, wherein the segment (100) comprises a lateral section (5) and a medial section (7) along a longitudinal direction (x), and wherein the outer contour (1) of the segment (100) comprise in longitudinal direction (x) at least one inflection point (9).1. A partial elbow joint replacement (1000) comprising:
a shell-like segment (100) along a longitudinal direction (x) with a concave inner contour (3) for its arrangement on or at bone structures of a patient, wherein the segment (100) comprises a lateral section (5) and a medial section (7); and wherein an outer contour (1) of the segment (100) comprises at least one inflection point (9) in the longitudinal direction (x). 2. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the extension of the lateral section (5) in radial direction (r) is larger than the extension of the medial section (7) in radial direction (r). 3. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises no closed circumference in circumferential direction (u) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x) and/or perpendicular to the radial direction (r). 4. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises a wall thickness between 1 mm and 5 mm, in particular between 2 mm and 3 mm. 5. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the outer contour (1), at least in sections, has been adapted in a preoperative planning stage to be patient-specific by means of a computer imaging, in particular such that it conforms to a corresponding bone part of an elbow joint of the patient. 6. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises a rough inner contour surface (3). 7. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the segment (100) is designed, in the longitudinal direction (x), in an analogous manner the outer contour (1) of the segment (100). 8. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the segment (100) comprises in longitudinal direction (x) at least one inflection point (9). 9. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a cylindrical contour in longitudinal direction (x). 10. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in longitudinal direction (x) which is radially bent to the inside. 11. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a concave, non-cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in the circumferential direction (u) which is radially bent to the inside. 12. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner contour (3) of the lateral section of the segment (100) comprises a cylindrical contour, and wherein the inner contour (3) of the medial section of the segment (100) comprises a convex contour in longitudinal direction (x) or a convex contour in circumferential direction (u). 13. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like segment (100) comprises at its lateral end section at the end face a fixing unit for fixing the shell-like segment (100) to the bone. 14. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 13, wherein the fixing unit encompasses a screw. 15. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 13, which is fixable in the bone parallel to the longitudinal direction (x) by the fixing unit. 16. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the segment (100) comprises at its inner side (3) at least one anchoring device for anchoring the segment (100) in a bone structure. 17. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal direction (x) extends parallel to a rotation axis of the elbow joint, the longitudinal direction (x) is in the implanted state of the elbow joint replacement (1000) a rotation axis of the elbow joint and/or the longitudinal direction (x) is an epicondyle axis of the elbow joint. 18. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the inner side (3) of the segment (100) is shaped such that it conforms to a surface of a proximal ulna of the elbow joint. 19. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the segment (100) has at its lateral end an inlet or opening plane or wall which lies in a plane being under an angle (α) relative to the longitudinal direction (x). 20. The partial elbow joint replacement (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the angle (α) has a value within a range of 25° to 45°, preferably between 30° and 40°, more particularly preferred is 35°. | 3,700 |
341,478 | 16,801,760 | 3,774 | In an example embodiment, a new solution is provided for an in-memory database provided in a cloud as a service that enables “job cross running” instead of “parallel job running.” Specifically, job scripts are clustered based on a shared service. A primary job script in the cluster is compiled and executed, but secondary job scripts in the cluster are not compiled until after the execution of the primary job script has begun. A mock library is inserted into each of the secondary job scripts to cause service calls for the shared service in the secondary job scripts to be replaced with mock service calls. The secondary job scripts are then scheduled and executed, and upon completion the primary job script is permitted to delete the shared service. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one hardware processor; and a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform operations comprising: clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 8. A method comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the method further comprises:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. | In an example embodiment, a new solution is provided for an in-memory database provided in a cloud as a service that enables “job cross running” instead of “parallel job running.” Specifically, job scripts are clustered based on a shared service. A primary job script in the cluster is compiled and executed, but secondary job scripts in the cluster are not compiled until after the execution of the primary job script has begun. A mock library is inserted into each of the secondary job scripts to cause service calls for the shared service in the secondary job scripts to be replaced with mock service calls. The secondary job scripts are then scheduled and executed, and upon completion the primary job script is permitted to delete the shared service.1. A system comprising:
at least one hardware processor; and a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform operations comprising: clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 8. A method comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the method further comprises:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. | 3,700 |
341,479 | 16,801,805 | 2,167 | In an example embodiment, a new solution is provided for an in-memory database provided in a cloud as a service that enables “job cross running” instead of “parallel job running.” Specifically, job scripts are clustered based on a shared service. A primary job script in the cluster is compiled and executed, but secondary job scripts in the cluster are not compiled until after the execution of the primary job script has begun. A mock library is inserted into each of the secondary job scripts to cause service calls for the shared service in the secondary job scripts to be replaced with mock service calls. The secondary job scripts are then scheduled and executed, and upon completion the primary job script is permitted to delete the shared service. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one hardware processor; and a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform operations comprising: clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 8. A method comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the method further comprises:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. | In an example embodiment, a new solution is provided for an in-memory database provided in a cloud as a service that enables “job cross running” instead of “parallel job running.” Specifically, job scripts are clustered based on a shared service. A primary job script in the cluster is compiled and executed, but secondary job scripts in the cluster are not compiled until after the execution of the primary job script has begun. A mock library is inserted into each of the secondary job scripts to cause service calls for the shared service in the secondary job scripts to be replaced with mock service calls. The secondary job scripts are then scheduled and executed, and upon completion the primary job script is permitted to delete the shared service.1. A system comprising:
at least one hardware processor; and a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one hardware processor, cause the at least one hardware processor to perform operations comprising: clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 8. A method comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the method further comprises:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the particular service is an in-memory database service. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
clustering a plurality of job scripts together based on each of the plurality of job scripts invoking a particular service, each job script including a plurality of instructions to be executed by a computer to execute a job; identifying a primary job script in the plurality of job scripts, with all other job scripts in the plurality of job scripts being secondary job scripts; compiling the primary job script; inserting a mock library into each of the secondary job scripts, the mock library including script commands that, when compiled, modify any service creation calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job script into mock service creation calls and modify any service deletion calls for the particular service in the corresponding secondary job into mock service deletion calls; executing the compiled primary job script; compiling the secondary job scripts after execution of the compiled primary job script has been initiated; and scheduling the secondary job scripts. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the compiled primary job script includes a service deletion call for the particular service and the operations further comprise:
halting execution of the compiled primary job script before reaching the service deletion call in the compiled primary job script; determining that all of the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed and their mock service deletion calls for the particular service have been executed; and in response to the determination, resuming execution of the compiled primary job script. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the determining includes maintaining a count of compiled secondary job scripts and decrementing the count each time a compiled secondary job script has its corresponding mock service deletion call for the particular service executed, wherein when the count reaches zero it is determined that all of the mock service deletion calls for the particular service in the compiled secondary job scripts have been executed. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the scheduling comprises clustering the compiled secondary job scripts based on job type. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job types include read-only jobs and database write jobs. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the job type is determined based on which application program interface (API) was used to call the corresponding compiled secondary job script. | 2,100 |
341,480 | 16,801,830 | 2,167 | A distributed data storage system can have an attestation module that is connected to the data storage device to disconnect the device from a distributed data storage network or prevent the data storage device from being initialized into the distributed data storage network. A first security evaluation of the data storage device can be conducted with the attestation module to verify an authenticity of the data storage device. The attestation module may then disconnect the network controller from the distributed data storage network and verify an authenticity of the network controller to allow the network controller and data storage device to service a data access request from a host of the distributed data storage network. | 1. A method comprising:
connecting a first data storage device to a host and a second data storage device via a network controller as part of a distributed data storage network; linking an attestation module to the first data storage device; disconnecting the first data storage device from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; conducting a first security evaluation of the first data storage device with the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the first data storage device; connecting the first data storage device to the distributed data storage network; disconnecting the network controller from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; executing a second security evaluation of the network controller as directed by the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the network controller; connecting the network controller to the distributed data storage network; and servicing a data access request from the host to the first data storage device via the network controller. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein linking the attestation module consists of physically inserting a printed circuit board to a port of the first data storage device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the authenticity of the first data storage device is conducted while the first data storage device is disconnected from any data and signal source of the distributed data storage network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the attestation module conducts one or more tests on the first data storage device to authenticate the first data storage device. 5. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more tests polls static hardware information generated during manufacture of the first data storage device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first security evaluation identifies a previous third-party attack on the first data storage device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first security evaluation identifies a previous attempted third-party attack on the first data storage device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the attestation module generates a security strategy in response to the identified attempted third-party attack. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the security strategy is executed while the first data storage device is disconnected from the distributed data storage network to increase at least one security parameter of the first data storage device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter is an additional verification operation to be conducted before connecting the first data storage device to the distributed data storage network when servicing a data access request. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter consists of processing future data access requests with the attestation module instead of a controller of the first data storage device. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter is randomization of power consumption during security operation as directed by the attestation module. 13. A method comprising:
connecting an attestation module to the first data storage device; attaching the first data storage device to a distributed data storage network comprising a network controller connecting the first data storage device to a host and a second data storage device; preventing the first data storage device from initializing into the distributed data storage network with the attestation module; conducting a first security evaluation of the first data storage device with the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the first data storage device; initializing the first data storage device into the distributed data storage network; disconnecting the network controller from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; executing a second security evaluation of the network controller as directed by the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the network controller; connecting the network controller to the distributed data storage network; and servicing a data access request from the host to the first data storage device via the network controller. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the attestation module acts as a physical key to allow the data access request to be serviced. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second security evaluation is different than the first security evaluation. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the attestation module generates and implements an attestation strategy in the first data storage device in response to the first security evaluation. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the attestation strategy consists of at least one action to be conducted in the first data storage device to mitigate a risk of a third-party attack. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the attestation strategy is implemented into the network controller after the authenticity of the network controller is verified. 19. An apparatus comprising an attestation module resident on a printed circuit board, the attestation module configured to attest an authenticity of a distributed data storage network sequentially from a data storage device to a network controller of the distributed data storage network. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the attestation module is external and separate from the data storage device when not connected to a port of the data storage device. | A distributed data storage system can have an attestation module that is connected to the data storage device to disconnect the device from a distributed data storage network or prevent the data storage device from being initialized into the distributed data storage network. A first security evaluation of the data storage device can be conducted with the attestation module to verify an authenticity of the data storage device. The attestation module may then disconnect the network controller from the distributed data storage network and verify an authenticity of the network controller to allow the network controller and data storage device to service a data access request from a host of the distributed data storage network.1. A method comprising:
connecting a first data storage device to a host and a second data storage device via a network controller as part of a distributed data storage network; linking an attestation module to the first data storage device; disconnecting the first data storage device from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; conducting a first security evaluation of the first data storage device with the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the first data storage device; connecting the first data storage device to the distributed data storage network; disconnecting the network controller from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; executing a second security evaluation of the network controller as directed by the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the network controller; connecting the network controller to the distributed data storage network; and servicing a data access request from the host to the first data storage device via the network controller. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein linking the attestation module consists of physically inserting a printed circuit board to a port of the first data storage device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the authenticity of the first data storage device is conducted while the first data storage device is disconnected from any data and signal source of the distributed data storage network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the attestation module conducts one or more tests on the first data storage device to authenticate the first data storage device. 5. The method of claim 5, wherein the one or more tests polls static hardware information generated during manufacture of the first data storage device. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first security evaluation identifies a previous third-party attack on the first data storage device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first security evaluation identifies a previous attempted third-party attack on the first data storage device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the attestation module generates a security strategy in response to the identified attempted third-party attack. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the security strategy is executed while the first data storage device is disconnected from the distributed data storage network to increase at least one security parameter of the first data storage device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter is an additional verification operation to be conducted before connecting the first data storage device to the distributed data storage network when servicing a data access request. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter consists of processing future data access requests with the attestation module instead of a controller of the first data storage device. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one security parameter is randomization of power consumption during security operation as directed by the attestation module. 13. A method comprising:
connecting an attestation module to the first data storage device; attaching the first data storage device to a distributed data storage network comprising a network controller connecting the first data storage device to a host and a second data storage device; preventing the first data storage device from initializing into the distributed data storage network with the attestation module; conducting a first security evaluation of the first data storage device with the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the first data storage device; initializing the first data storage device into the distributed data storage network; disconnecting the network controller from the distributed data storage network as directed by the attestation module; executing a second security evaluation of the network controller as directed by the attestation module; verifying an authenticity of the network controller; connecting the network controller to the distributed data storage network; and servicing a data access request from the host to the first data storage device via the network controller. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the attestation module acts as a physical key to allow the data access request to be serviced. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the second security evaluation is different than the first security evaluation. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the attestation module generates and implements an attestation strategy in the first data storage device in response to the first security evaluation. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the attestation strategy consists of at least one action to be conducted in the first data storage device to mitigate a risk of a third-party attack. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the attestation strategy is implemented into the network controller after the authenticity of the network controller is verified. 19. An apparatus comprising an attestation module resident on a printed circuit board, the attestation module configured to attest an authenticity of a distributed data storage network sequentially from a data storage device to a network controller of the distributed data storage network. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the attestation module is external and separate from the data storage device when not connected to a port of the data storage device. | 2,100 |
341,481 | 16,801,821 | 2,858 | An accurate and stable displacement sensor that reads through coated metal substrates achieves better than one micron accuracy includes: an electromagnetic coil positioned in a first enclosure; (ii) means for generating a magnetic field from the electromagnetic coil; (iii) a second enclosure which is spaced apart from the first enclosure, wherein the second enclosure includes dual magnetic sensors, such as fluxgate sensors, that are configured to measure the magnetic field; and (iv) means for calculating the separation between the operative surfaces of the enclosures from magnetic field measurements. A permanent magnet can be used instead of the electromagnetic coil and associated driving energy source. A precise displacement measurement is given by a mathematical function (such as the ratio or difference) of the two magnetic sensors demodulated signals. The displacement sensor can be mounted on a maneuverable C-frame to monitor the caliper of anodes and cathodes produced for lithium ion batteries. | 1. A system for monitoring a property of a sheet of material wherein the sheet has a first side and a second side which comprises:
a first member disposed adjacent to the first side of the sheet of material, the first member having means for producing a magnetic field, a second member disposed adjacent to the second side of the sheet of material, the second member having a first magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a first electrical signal and a second magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a second electrical signal; and means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal to determine changes in a distance between the first and second members. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a third sensor that measures a property or characteristic of the sheet of material. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first member has a first mounting head and the second member has a second mounting head and the two mounting heads define a gap in which the sheet of material is positioned and the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal determines the distance of the gap. 4. The system of claim 3 further comprising a first distance sensor in the first mounting head operative to determine a first distance between the first distance sensor and the first side of the sheet of material and a second distance sensor in the second mounting head operative to determine a second distance between the second distance sensor and the second side of the sheet of material. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a first fluxgate sensor and the second magnetic sensor comprises a second fluxgate sensor. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is configured to produce a time varying magnetic field. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is a permanent magnet. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sheet of material has a thickness that ranges from 0.005 to 5 mm. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal layer. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal analyzes the ratio of or the difference between the first and second electrical to derived the distance between the first and second members. 12. The system of claim 1 having a slidably movable frame having (i) an upper elongated rigid member and (ii) a lower rigid elongated member that is parallel to the upper elongated rigid member. 13. A magnetic displacement sensor that comprises:
a source of a magnetic field that is positioned in a first enclosure that defines a first operative surface; a second enclosure that defines a second operative surface which is spaced apart from the first operative surface, wherein the second enclosure includes a first magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field and a second magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field; and means for calculating the separation between the first and second operative surfaces from magnetic field measurements from the first and second magnetic sensors. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises a permanent magnet. 15. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises an electromagnetic coil and the device further comprises a direct or alternating current source that drives the electromagnetic coil. 16. The device of claim 13 wherein the first and second magnetic sensors comprise first and second fluxgate sensors that are positioned in tandem and wherein the first and second fluxgate sensors and the source of magnetic field are oriented along an axis. 17. The device of claim 13 wherein the first operative surface and the second operative surface define a measurement gap in which a metal containing substrate, which has a first and second side, travels and wherein the first enclosure includes a first distance sensor that determines a first distance from the first operative surface to the first side of the substrate and the second enclosure includes a second distance sensor that determines a second distance from the second operative surface to the second side of the substrate. 18. The device of claim 17 comprising means for calculating the thickness of the substrate. 19. A method of measuring the thickness of a web having a first side and a second side that comprises:
providing a first distance sensor on the first side of the web; determining the position of the first distance sensor relative to the first side of the web with the first distance sensor; providing a second distance sensor on the second side of the web, determining the position of the second distance sensor relative to the second side of the web with the second distance sensor; generating a magnetic field at a fixed location relative to the first distance sensor on the first side of the web; positioning first and second magnetic sensors at respective fixed first and second locations to the second distance sensor on the second side of the web; measuring the magnetic field with the first and second magnetic sensors; and determining the thickness of the web from measurements of the magnetic field by the first and second magnetic sensors. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein an electromagnetic coil is used to generate a time varying magnetic field and wherein the first magnetic sensor, second magnetic sensor and the electromagnetic coil are coaxially aligned. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein a permanent magnet is used to generate the magnetic field. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the web comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the metal substrate is 9 to 50 μm thick. | An accurate and stable displacement sensor that reads through coated metal substrates achieves better than one micron accuracy includes: an electromagnetic coil positioned in a first enclosure; (ii) means for generating a magnetic field from the electromagnetic coil; (iii) a second enclosure which is spaced apart from the first enclosure, wherein the second enclosure includes dual magnetic sensors, such as fluxgate sensors, that are configured to measure the magnetic field; and (iv) means for calculating the separation between the operative surfaces of the enclosures from magnetic field measurements. A permanent magnet can be used instead of the electromagnetic coil and associated driving energy source. A precise displacement measurement is given by a mathematical function (such as the ratio or difference) of the two magnetic sensors demodulated signals. The displacement sensor can be mounted on a maneuverable C-frame to monitor the caliper of anodes and cathodes produced for lithium ion batteries.1. A system for monitoring a property of a sheet of material wherein the sheet has a first side and a second side which comprises:
a first member disposed adjacent to the first side of the sheet of material, the first member having means for producing a magnetic field, a second member disposed adjacent to the second side of the sheet of material, the second member having a first magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a first electrical signal and a second magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a second electrical signal; and means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal to determine changes in a distance between the first and second members. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a third sensor that measures a property or characteristic of the sheet of material. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first member has a first mounting head and the second member has a second mounting head and the two mounting heads define a gap in which the sheet of material is positioned and the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal determines the distance of the gap. 4. The system of claim 3 further comprising a first distance sensor in the first mounting head operative to determine a first distance between the first distance sensor and the first side of the sheet of material and a second distance sensor in the second mounting head operative to determine a second distance between the second distance sensor and the second side of the sheet of material. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a first fluxgate sensor and the second magnetic sensor comprises a second fluxgate sensor. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is configured to produce a time varying magnetic field. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is a permanent magnet. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sheet of material has a thickness that ranges from 0.005 to 5 mm. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal layer. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal analyzes the ratio of or the difference between the first and second electrical to derived the distance between the first and second members. 12. The system of claim 1 having a slidably movable frame having (i) an upper elongated rigid member and (ii) a lower rigid elongated member that is parallel to the upper elongated rigid member. 13. A magnetic displacement sensor that comprises:
a source of a magnetic field that is positioned in a first enclosure that defines a first operative surface; a second enclosure that defines a second operative surface which is spaced apart from the first operative surface, wherein the second enclosure includes a first magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field and a second magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field; and means for calculating the separation between the first and second operative surfaces from magnetic field measurements from the first and second magnetic sensors. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises a permanent magnet. 15. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises an electromagnetic coil and the device further comprises a direct or alternating current source that drives the electromagnetic coil. 16. The device of claim 13 wherein the first and second magnetic sensors comprise first and second fluxgate sensors that are positioned in tandem and wherein the first and second fluxgate sensors and the source of magnetic field are oriented along an axis. 17. The device of claim 13 wherein the first operative surface and the second operative surface define a measurement gap in which a metal containing substrate, which has a first and second side, travels and wherein the first enclosure includes a first distance sensor that determines a first distance from the first operative surface to the first side of the substrate and the second enclosure includes a second distance sensor that determines a second distance from the second operative surface to the second side of the substrate. 18. The device of claim 17 comprising means for calculating the thickness of the substrate. 19. A method of measuring the thickness of a web having a first side and a second side that comprises:
providing a first distance sensor on the first side of the web; determining the position of the first distance sensor relative to the first side of the web with the first distance sensor; providing a second distance sensor on the second side of the web, determining the position of the second distance sensor relative to the second side of the web with the second distance sensor; generating a magnetic field at a fixed location relative to the first distance sensor on the first side of the web; positioning first and second magnetic sensors at respective fixed first and second locations to the second distance sensor on the second side of the web; measuring the magnetic field with the first and second magnetic sensors; and determining the thickness of the web from measurements of the magnetic field by the first and second magnetic sensors. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein an electromagnetic coil is used to generate a time varying magnetic field and wherein the first magnetic sensor, second magnetic sensor and the electromagnetic coil are coaxially aligned. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein a permanent magnet is used to generate the magnetic field. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the web comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the metal substrate is 9 to 50 μm thick. | 2,800 |
341,482 | 16,801,833 | 2,875 | An accurate and stable displacement sensor that reads through coated metal substrates achieves better than one micron accuracy includes: an electromagnetic coil positioned in a first enclosure; (ii) means for generating a magnetic field from the electromagnetic coil; (iii) a second enclosure which is spaced apart from the first enclosure, wherein the second enclosure includes dual magnetic sensors, such as fluxgate sensors, that are configured to measure the magnetic field; and (iv) means for calculating the separation between the operative surfaces of the enclosures from magnetic field measurements. A permanent magnet can be used instead of the electromagnetic coil and associated driving energy source. A precise displacement measurement is given by a mathematical function (such as the ratio or difference) of the two magnetic sensors demodulated signals. The displacement sensor can be mounted on a maneuverable C-frame to monitor the caliper of anodes and cathodes produced for lithium ion batteries. | 1. A system for monitoring a property of a sheet of material wherein the sheet has a first side and a second side which comprises:
a first member disposed adjacent to the first side of the sheet of material, the first member having means for producing a magnetic field, a second member disposed adjacent to the second side of the sheet of material, the second member having a first magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a first electrical signal and a second magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a second electrical signal; and means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal to determine changes in a distance between the first and second members. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a third sensor that measures a property or characteristic of the sheet of material. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first member has a first mounting head and the second member has a second mounting head and the two mounting heads define a gap in which the sheet of material is positioned and the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal determines the distance of the gap. 4. The system of claim 3 further comprising a first distance sensor in the first mounting head operative to determine a first distance between the first distance sensor and the first side of the sheet of material and a second distance sensor in the second mounting head operative to determine a second distance between the second distance sensor and the second side of the sheet of material. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a first fluxgate sensor and the second magnetic sensor comprises a second fluxgate sensor. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is configured to produce a time varying magnetic field. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is a permanent magnet. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sheet of material has a thickness that ranges from 0.005 to 5 mm. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal layer. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal analyzes the ratio of or the difference between the first and second electrical to derived the distance between the first and second members. 12. The system of claim 1 having a slidably movable frame having (i) an upper elongated rigid member and (ii) a lower rigid elongated member that is parallel to the upper elongated rigid member. 13. A magnetic displacement sensor that comprises:
a source of a magnetic field that is positioned in a first enclosure that defines a first operative surface; a second enclosure that defines a second operative surface which is spaced apart from the first operative surface, wherein the second enclosure includes a first magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field and a second magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field; and means for calculating the separation between the first and second operative surfaces from magnetic field measurements from the first and second magnetic sensors. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises a permanent magnet. 15. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises an electromagnetic coil and the device further comprises a direct or alternating current source that drives the electromagnetic coil. 16. The device of claim 13 wherein the first and second magnetic sensors comprise first and second fluxgate sensors that are positioned in tandem and wherein the first and second fluxgate sensors and the source of magnetic field are oriented along an axis. 17. The device of claim 13 wherein the first operative surface and the second operative surface define a measurement gap in which a metal containing substrate, which has a first and second side, travels and wherein the first enclosure includes a first distance sensor that determines a first distance from the first operative surface to the first side of the substrate and the second enclosure includes a second distance sensor that determines a second distance from the second operative surface to the second side of the substrate. 18. The device of claim 17 comprising means for calculating the thickness of the substrate. 19. A method of measuring the thickness of a web having a first side and a second side that comprises:
providing a first distance sensor on the first side of the web; determining the position of the first distance sensor relative to the first side of the web with the first distance sensor; providing a second distance sensor on the second side of the web, determining the position of the second distance sensor relative to the second side of the web with the second distance sensor; generating a magnetic field at a fixed location relative to the first distance sensor on the first side of the web; positioning first and second magnetic sensors at respective fixed first and second locations to the second distance sensor on the second side of the web; measuring the magnetic field with the first and second magnetic sensors; and determining the thickness of the web from measurements of the magnetic field by the first and second magnetic sensors. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein an electromagnetic coil is used to generate a time varying magnetic field and wherein the first magnetic sensor, second magnetic sensor and the electromagnetic coil are coaxially aligned. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein a permanent magnet is used to generate the magnetic field. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the web comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the metal substrate is 9 to 50 μm thick. | An accurate and stable displacement sensor that reads through coated metal substrates achieves better than one micron accuracy includes: an electromagnetic coil positioned in a first enclosure; (ii) means for generating a magnetic field from the electromagnetic coil; (iii) a second enclosure which is spaced apart from the first enclosure, wherein the second enclosure includes dual magnetic sensors, such as fluxgate sensors, that are configured to measure the magnetic field; and (iv) means for calculating the separation between the operative surfaces of the enclosures from magnetic field measurements. A permanent magnet can be used instead of the electromagnetic coil and associated driving energy source. A precise displacement measurement is given by a mathematical function (such as the ratio or difference) of the two magnetic sensors demodulated signals. The displacement sensor can be mounted on a maneuverable C-frame to monitor the caliper of anodes and cathodes produced for lithium ion batteries.1. A system for monitoring a property of a sheet of material wherein the sheet has a first side and a second side which comprises:
a first member disposed adjacent to the first side of the sheet of material, the first member having means for producing a magnetic field, a second member disposed adjacent to the second side of the sheet of material, the second member having a first magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a first electrical signal and a second magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic field and generates a second electrical signal; and means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal to determine changes in a distance between the first and second members. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a third sensor that measures a property or characteristic of the sheet of material. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first member has a first mounting head and the second member has a second mounting head and the two mounting heads define a gap in which the sheet of material is positioned and the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal determines the distance of the gap. 4. The system of claim 3 further comprising a first distance sensor in the first mounting head operative to determine a first distance between the first distance sensor and the first side of the sheet of material and a second distance sensor in the second mounting head operative to determine a second distance between the second distance sensor and the second side of the sheet of material. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first magnetic sensor comprises a first fluxgate sensor and the second magnetic sensor comprises a second fluxgate sensor. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is configured to produce a time varying magnetic field. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for producing a magnetic field is a permanent magnet. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the sheet of material has a thickness that ranges from 0.005 to 5 mm. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal layer. 10. The system of claim 9 wherein the sheet of material comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 11. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for analyzing the first electrical signal and second electrical signal analyzes the ratio of or the difference between the first and second electrical to derived the distance between the first and second members. 12. The system of claim 1 having a slidably movable frame having (i) an upper elongated rigid member and (ii) a lower rigid elongated member that is parallel to the upper elongated rigid member. 13. A magnetic displacement sensor that comprises:
a source of a magnetic field that is positioned in a first enclosure that defines a first operative surface; a second enclosure that defines a second operative surface which is spaced apart from the first operative surface, wherein the second enclosure includes a first magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field and a second magnetic sensor that is configured to measure the magnetic field; and means for calculating the separation between the first and second operative surfaces from magnetic field measurements from the first and second magnetic sensors. 14. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises a permanent magnet. 15. The device of claim 13 wherein the source of magnetic field comprises an electromagnetic coil and the device further comprises a direct or alternating current source that drives the electromagnetic coil. 16. The device of claim 13 wherein the first and second magnetic sensors comprise first and second fluxgate sensors that are positioned in tandem and wherein the first and second fluxgate sensors and the source of magnetic field are oriented along an axis. 17. The device of claim 13 wherein the first operative surface and the second operative surface define a measurement gap in which a metal containing substrate, which has a first and second side, travels and wherein the first enclosure includes a first distance sensor that determines a first distance from the first operative surface to the first side of the substrate and the second enclosure includes a second distance sensor that determines a second distance from the second operative surface to the second side of the substrate. 18. The device of claim 17 comprising means for calculating the thickness of the substrate. 19. A method of measuring the thickness of a web having a first side and a second side that comprises:
providing a first distance sensor on the first side of the web; determining the position of the first distance sensor relative to the first side of the web with the first distance sensor; providing a second distance sensor on the second side of the web, determining the position of the second distance sensor relative to the second side of the web with the second distance sensor; generating a magnetic field at a fixed location relative to the first distance sensor on the first side of the web; positioning first and second magnetic sensors at respective fixed first and second locations to the second distance sensor on the second side of the web; measuring the magnetic field with the first and second magnetic sensors; and determining the thickness of the web from measurements of the magnetic field by the first and second magnetic sensors. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein an electromagnetic coil is used to generate a time varying magnetic field and wherein the first magnetic sensor, second magnetic sensor and the electromagnetic coil are coaxially aligned. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein a permanent magnet is used to generate the magnetic field. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the web comprises a metal substrate that is coated with an anode or cathode material. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the metal substrate is 9 to 50 μm thick. | 2,800 |
341,483 | 16,801,820 | 2,875 | A system for depth-based 3D reconstruction using an a-priori depth scene is described herein. The method includes a static depth map extractor to a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views. The system also includes a dynamic scene plane sweeper to sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. Finally, the system includes a fusion mechanism to fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene from each camera view. | 1. A system for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene, comprising:
a static depth map extractor to a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; a dynamic scene plane sweeper to sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and a fusion mechanism to fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein inferring a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view is executed by a neural network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a similarity measure. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 7. The system of claim 1, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. 8. The system of claim 1, comprising capturing the plurality of camera views via a plurality of cameras with known structure and motion. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the fusion mechanism fuses the 3D point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view in real time to generate a dense point cloud. 10. A method for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene, comprising:
extracting a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and fusing a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein inferring the depth value for each pixel in the dynamic scene is executed by a neural network. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a dissimilarity measure. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 16. The method of claim 10, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. 17. The method of claim 10, comprising capturing the plurality of camera views via a plurality of cameras with known structure and motion. 18. The method of claim 10, comprising fusing the 3D point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view in real time to generate a dense point cloud. 19. At least one computer readable medium for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene having instructions stored therein that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to:
extract a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 20. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 21. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 22. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein inferring the depth value for each pixel in the dynamic scene is executed by a neural network. 23. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a dissimilarity measure. 24. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 25. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. | A system for depth-based 3D reconstruction using an a-priori depth scene is described herein. The method includes a static depth map extractor to a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views. The system also includes a dynamic scene plane sweeper to sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. Finally, the system includes a fusion mechanism to fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene from each camera view.1. A system for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene, comprising:
a static depth map extractor to a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; a dynamic scene plane sweeper to sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and a fusion mechanism to fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein inferring a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view is executed by a neural network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a similarity measure. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 7. The system of claim 1, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. 8. The system of claim 1, comprising capturing the plurality of camera views via a plurality of cameras with known structure and motion. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the fusion mechanism fuses the 3D point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view in real time to generate a dense point cloud. 10. A method for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene, comprising:
extracting a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and fusing a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein inferring the depth value for each pixel in the dynamic scene is executed by a neural network. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a dissimilarity measure. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 16. The method of claim 10, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. 17. The method of claim 10, comprising capturing the plurality of camera views via a plurality of cameras with known structure and motion. 18. The method of claim 10, comprising fusing the 3D point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view in real time to generate a dense point cloud. 19. At least one computer readable medium for depth-based 3D reconstruction using a a-priori depth scene having instructions stored therein that, in response to being executed on a computing device, cause the computing device to:
extract a static scene depth map of a scene for a plurality of camera views; sweep through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene to infer a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view; and fuse a three-dimensional point cloud from the depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view. 20. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, the inference of a depth map of the dynamic scene for each camera view uses depth planes derived from the static scene to constrain the plane sweeping direction of the dynamic scene. 21. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the static scene depth map is derived by plane sweeping the static scene. 22. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein inferring the depth value for each pixel in the dynamic scene is executed by a neural network. 23. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein sweeping through depth planes of the dynamic scene tests a reduced family of plane hypotheses based on depth planes derived from the static scene, and records a best plane for each pixel in a reference view, wherein the planes are scored by a dissimilarity measure. 24. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein sweeping through depth planes of a dynamic scene based on the depth map from the static scene reduces the plane normal to a fronto-parallel normal relative to a reference camera. 25. The at least one computer readable medium of claim 19, comprising generating virtual camera parameters comprising pose and intrinsic parameters and rendering a virtual camera view via the fused three-dimensional point cloud. | 2,800 |
341,484 | 16,801,824 | 2,875 | A DC-DC converter according to an embodiment is a DC-DC converter for generating an output voltage VOUT according to a reference voltage VREF, and includes a fully differential amplifier that outputs a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal according to a differential input using the reference voltage VREF and the output voltage VOUT, a pulse width modulation signal generation circuit that generates a pulse width modulation signal based on the first differential output signal Vout1 and the second differential output signal Vout2, and a driver that outputs a driving signal obtained by waveform-shaping the pulse width modulation signal. | 1. A DC-DC converter for generating an output voltage according to a reference voltage, comprising:
a fully differential amplifier that outputs a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal according to a differential input using the reference voltage and the output voltage; a pulse width modulation signal generation circuit that generates a pulse width modulation signal based on the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal; and a driver that outputs a driving signal obtained by waveform-shaping the pulse width modulation signal. 2. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein
the pulse width modulation signal generation circuit includes: a modulation circuit that modulates the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal and outputs a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal, respectively, and a comparator that outputs the pulse width modulation signal based on a comparison result between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal. 3. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, wherein
the modulation circuit includes a first modulator that modulates the first differential output signal and outputs the first modulation signal and a second modulator that modulates the second differential output signal and outputs the second modulation signal having a phase opposite to a phase of the first modulation signal. 4. The DC-DC converter according to claim 3, wherein
the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal are triangular wave signals. 5. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, further comprising a pulse width setting circuit that sets the pulse width modulation signal so as to have a predetermined pulse width or more and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the driver. 6. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, further comprising a pulse width setting circuit that sets the pulse width modulation signal so as to have a predetermined pulse width or more and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the driver. 7. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein
the fully differential amplifier includes a common mode feedback circuit so that the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal are symmetrical to each other with respect to a midpoint potential. 8. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, wherein
the comparator outputs a HIGH signal when a value of the first modulation signal is equal to or higher than a value of the second modulation signal, and outputs a LOW signal when a value of the first modulation signal is lower than a value of the second modulation signal, and thereby outputs the pulse width modulation signal. | A DC-DC converter according to an embodiment is a DC-DC converter for generating an output voltage VOUT according to a reference voltage VREF, and includes a fully differential amplifier that outputs a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal according to a differential input using the reference voltage VREF and the output voltage VOUT, a pulse width modulation signal generation circuit that generates a pulse width modulation signal based on the first differential output signal Vout1 and the second differential output signal Vout2, and a driver that outputs a driving signal obtained by waveform-shaping the pulse width modulation signal.1. A DC-DC converter for generating an output voltage according to a reference voltage, comprising:
a fully differential amplifier that outputs a first differential output signal and a second differential output signal according to a differential input using the reference voltage and the output voltage; a pulse width modulation signal generation circuit that generates a pulse width modulation signal based on the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal; and a driver that outputs a driving signal obtained by waveform-shaping the pulse width modulation signal. 2. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein
the pulse width modulation signal generation circuit includes: a modulation circuit that modulates the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal and outputs a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal, respectively, and a comparator that outputs the pulse width modulation signal based on a comparison result between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal. 3. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, wherein
the modulation circuit includes a first modulator that modulates the first differential output signal and outputs the first modulation signal and a second modulator that modulates the second differential output signal and outputs the second modulation signal having a phase opposite to a phase of the first modulation signal. 4. The DC-DC converter according to claim 3, wherein
the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal are triangular wave signals. 5. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, further comprising a pulse width setting circuit that sets the pulse width modulation signal so as to have a predetermined pulse width or more and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the driver. 6. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, further comprising a pulse width setting circuit that sets the pulse width modulation signal so as to have a predetermined pulse width or more and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the driver. 7. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein
the fully differential amplifier includes a common mode feedback circuit so that the first differential output signal and the second differential output signal are symmetrical to each other with respect to a midpoint potential. 8. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2, wherein
the comparator outputs a HIGH signal when a value of the first modulation signal is equal to or higher than a value of the second modulation signal, and outputs a LOW signal when a value of the first modulation signal is lower than a value of the second modulation signal, and thereby outputs the pulse width modulation signal. | 2,800 |
341,485 | 16,801,831 | 2,875 | Described are packaged, sterile medical graft products containing controlled levels of a growth factor such as Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2). Also described are methods of manufacturing medical graft products wherein processing, including sterilization, is controlled and monitored to provide medical graft products having modulated, known levels of a extracellular matrix factor, such as a growth factor, e.g. FGF-2. Preferred graft materials are extracellular matrix materials isolated from human or animal donors, particularly submucosa-containing extracellular matrix materials. Further described are ECM compositions that are or are useful for preparing gels, and related methods for preparation and use. | 1-105. (canceled) 106. A method of preparing an extracellular matrix-derived gel comprising, in order: (i) solubilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) that has not been dialyzed by digestion with an acid protease in an acidic solution to produce a digest solution, (ii) drying the digest solution, and (iii) terminally sterilizing the dried digest. 107. The method of claim 106, further comprising:
(iv) hydrating and neutralizing the sterilized dried digest to a pH between 7.2 and 7.8 to produce a neutralized digest solution, and (v) gelling the solution at a temperature greater than 25° C. 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is not terminally sterilized, dialyzed or subjected to a cross-linking process prior to the solubilizing step. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein the digest solution is lyophilized. 110. The method of claim 106, wherein the dried digest is sterilized using radiation, electron beam radiation, or ethylene oxide. 111. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is derived from mammalian tissue. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the mammalian tissue is derived from one of urinary bladder, stomach, liver, or small intestine. 113. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is comminuted. 114. The method of claim 107, wherein the neutralized digest solution is maintained at or below 25° C. before gelation. 115. The method of claim 106, wherein the acid protease is pepsin. 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the ECM is solubilized at a pH of 2 or higher, or at a pH between 2 and 4. 117. The method of claim 107, wherein the digest solution is gelled at 30° C. or higher, or at about 37° C. 118. The method of claim 107, further comprising administering the neutralized digest solution to a patient and wherein the gelling takes place in or on the patient. 119. The method of claim 118, wherein the pH of digest solution is raised by mixing the digest solution with a base or a buffer during administration to the patient. 120. The method of claim 107, further comprising integrating one or more of a cell, a drug, a growth factor or an antibiotic into the gel. 121. The method of claim 107, further comprising coating a matrix of a biocompatible scaffold with the solubilized ECM and gelling the matrix. 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the biocompatible scaffold is coated either with the digest solution between the steps of solubilizing the ECM and drying the digest solution or with either the sterilized digest solution or the neutralized digest solution after the step of hydrating the digest solution and before the neutralized digest solution is gelled. 123. The method of claim 122, wherein the biocompatible scaffold comprises a polymer. 124. The method of claim 122, wherein the biocompatible scaffold comprises filaments. | Described are packaged, sterile medical graft products containing controlled levels of a growth factor such as Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2). Also described are methods of manufacturing medical graft products wherein processing, including sterilization, is controlled and monitored to provide medical graft products having modulated, known levels of a extracellular matrix factor, such as a growth factor, e.g. FGF-2. Preferred graft materials are extracellular matrix materials isolated from human or animal donors, particularly submucosa-containing extracellular matrix materials. Further described are ECM compositions that are or are useful for preparing gels, and related methods for preparation and use.1-105. (canceled) 106. A method of preparing an extracellular matrix-derived gel comprising, in order: (i) solubilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) that has not been dialyzed by digestion with an acid protease in an acidic solution to produce a digest solution, (ii) drying the digest solution, and (iii) terminally sterilizing the dried digest. 107. The method of claim 106, further comprising:
(iv) hydrating and neutralizing the sterilized dried digest to a pH between 7.2 and 7.8 to produce a neutralized digest solution, and (v) gelling the solution at a temperature greater than 25° C. 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is not terminally sterilized, dialyzed or subjected to a cross-linking process prior to the solubilizing step. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein the digest solution is lyophilized. 110. The method of claim 106, wherein the dried digest is sterilized using radiation, electron beam radiation, or ethylene oxide. 111. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is derived from mammalian tissue. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the mammalian tissue is derived from one of urinary bladder, stomach, liver, or small intestine. 113. The method of claim 106, wherein the ECM is comminuted. 114. The method of claim 107, wherein the neutralized digest solution is maintained at or below 25° C. before gelation. 115. The method of claim 106, wherein the acid protease is pepsin. 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the ECM is solubilized at a pH of 2 or higher, or at a pH between 2 and 4. 117. The method of claim 107, wherein the digest solution is gelled at 30° C. or higher, or at about 37° C. 118. The method of claim 107, further comprising administering the neutralized digest solution to a patient and wherein the gelling takes place in or on the patient. 119. The method of claim 118, wherein the pH of digest solution is raised by mixing the digest solution with a base or a buffer during administration to the patient. 120. The method of claim 107, further comprising integrating one or more of a cell, a drug, a growth factor or an antibiotic into the gel. 121. The method of claim 107, further comprising coating a matrix of a biocompatible scaffold with the solubilized ECM and gelling the matrix. 122. The method of claim 121, wherein the biocompatible scaffold is coated either with the digest solution between the steps of solubilizing the ECM and drying the digest solution or with either the sterilized digest solution or the neutralized digest solution after the step of hydrating the digest solution and before the neutralized digest solution is gelled. 123. The method of claim 122, wherein the biocompatible scaffold comprises a polymer. 124. The method of claim 122, wherein the biocompatible scaffold comprises filaments. | 2,800 |
341,486 | 16,801,729 | 2,875 | A method of performing a change of a primary node in a blockchain network includes a backup node of the blockchain network determining that an epoch change needs to be performed, determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of three phases of a consensus process in a current epoch, determining a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weights, sending an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the other network nodes to apply for a new primary node in a new epoch, receiving NEW_EPOCH messages from the other network nodes, determining whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds a second predetermined threshold, and determining the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold. | 1. A computer-implemented method of performing a change of a primary node in a blockchain network that comprises a plurality of network nodes, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprises the primary node and one or more backup nodes, the method comprising:
determining, by a backup node, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, sending, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a backup node of a blockchain network comprising a plurality of network nodes, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprise a primary node and one or more backup nodes comprising the backup node, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, sending, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. 21. A system, including:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: determining, by a backup node of a blockchain network comprising a plurality of network nodes, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprise a primary node and one or more backup nodes comprising the backup node, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, send, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. | A method of performing a change of a primary node in a blockchain network includes a backup node of the blockchain network determining that an epoch change needs to be performed, determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of three phases of a consensus process in a current epoch, determining a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weights, sending an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the other network nodes to apply for a new primary node in a new epoch, receiving NEW_EPOCH messages from the other network nodes, determining whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds a second predetermined threshold, and determining the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold.1. A computer-implemented method of performing a change of a primary node in a blockchain network that comprises a plurality of network nodes, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprises the primary node and one or more backup nodes, the method comprising:
determining, by a backup node, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, sending, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
determining, by a backup node of a blockchain network comprising a plurality of network nodes, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprise a primary node and one or more backup nodes comprising the backup node, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, sending, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. 21. A system, including:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: determining, by a backup node of a blockchain network comprising a plurality of network nodes, that an epoch change needs to be performed, wherein the plurality of network nodes comprise a primary node and one or more backup nodes comprising the backup node, wherein the epoch change causes a change from a current epoch with a current primary node to a new epoch with a new primary node, wherein the current epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the primary node, the consensus process comprising three phases; determining, by the backup node, a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch, wherein the weight is a metric of a qualification of the backup node to be the new primary node; determining, by the backup node, a weight sum for the backup node based on the respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases in the current epoch; in response to determining that the weight sum reaches a first predetermined threshold, send, by the backup node, an EPOCH_CHANGE message to the plurality of network nodes other than the network node, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message indicates a request for a change from the current epoch with the current primary node to the new epoch with the backup node being the new primary node, and the EPOCH_CHANGE message comprises the weight sum of the backup node; receiving, by the backup node, at least one NEW_EPOCH message from at least one of the plurality of network nodes other than the backup node, wherein the NEW_EPOCH message indicates an acknowledgement of the backup node to be the new primary node; verifying, by the backup node, whether the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid; determining, by the backup node, whether a number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages out of the at least one NEW_EPOCH message exceeds a second predetermined threshold; and in response to determining that the number of valid NEW_EPOCH messages exceeds the second predetermined threshold, determining, by the backup node, the backup node to be the new primary node in the new epoch. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises determining a weight of the backup node for a first phase of the consensus process to be a first value. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a first value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the second phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the second phase of the consensus process to be a second value, wherein the first value is smaller than the second value. 24. The system of claim 23, wherein the quorum verification in the second phase for the network node comprises receiving a predetermined number of ECHO messages from other network nodes. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein determining a respective weight of the backup node associated with each of the three phases of the consensus process in the current epoch comprises:
in response to determining a failure of a quorum verification in a third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining a weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a third value; and in response to determining a success of a quorum verification in the third phase of the consensus process in the current epoch, determining the weight of the backup node for the third phase of the consensus process to be a fourth value, wherein the third value is smaller than the fourth value. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the quorum verification in the third phase for the network node comprises receiving a pre-determined number of accept messages from other network nodes, wherein each of the accept messages from other network nodes indicates each of the other network nodes has accepted a predetermined number of ECHO messages. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein the EPOCH_CHANGE message further comprises a set of signatures associated with a set of network nodes out of the plurality of network nodes, and wherein the NEW_EPOCH message comprises a digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein verifying whether the at least one valid NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid, and wherein verifying whether the digest of the EPOCH_CHANGE message in the at least one NEW_EPOCH message is valid comprises verifying whether the set of signatures in the EPOCH_CHANGE message are valid. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein determining that an epoch change needs to be performed comprises determining that an epoch change needs to be performed in response to determining that the consensus has not been achieved in an old epoch within a predetermined time period. 30. The system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
operating in the new epoch with the new primary node, wherein the new epoch comprises a consensus process for achieving consensus among the plurality of network nodes using the new primary node. | 2,800 |
341,487 | 16,801,834 | 1,725 | A universal feeder system that combines with a fluidized bed gasification reactor for the treatment of multiple diverse feedstocks including sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. The invention thereby also illustrates a method of gasification for multiple and diverse feedstocks using a universal feeder system. The feeder system comprises one or more feed vessels and at least one live bottom dual screw feeder. The feed vessel is rectangular shaped having three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the horizontal to facilitate proper flow of feedstock material that have different and/or variable flow properties. The feedstocks are transferred through an open bottom chute to a live bottom dual screw feeder and through another open bottom chute to a transfer screw feeder that conveys feedstock to the fuel feed inlets of a gasifier. | 1. A universal feeder system for feedstock comprising:
at least one rectangular shaped feed vessel having an upper and lower horizontal side, three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the lower horizontal side; a motor operated variable speed live bottom dual screw feeder; said dual screw feeder having a proximal and distal end, said dual screw feeder operably connected to the lower horizontal side; a chute having an open top and bottom; said top juxtaposed to the distal end of the dual screw feeder to receive conveyed material; and a motor operated variable speed transfer screw feeder juxtaposed to the bottom of the chute that conveys material; said transfer screw feeder having a proximal end and a distal end terminating in a feed nozzle, wherein the feed nozzle is mechanically connected to at least one fuel feed inlet located on a gasifier reactor vessel. 2. The universal feeder system of claim 1, further comprising aeration ports located on the sides of the feed vessel and removable bridge breakers attached inside the feed vessel. 3. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is selected from the group comprising sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. 4. The universal feeder system of claim 3, wherein the feedstock is selected from the group comprising two or more feedstocks. 5. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the transfer screw further comprises a coolant jacket. 6. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the gasifier reactor vessel is cylindrical in shape having a bottom with an inverted cone section and comprises:
a freeboard section comprising the top half of the reactor vessel, said freeboard section having a diameter sized to contain the gas produced from the conversion of more than 40 tons of fuel per day; a fluidized bed in a bed section within said reactor vessel located beneath the freeboard section, said fluidized bed having a diameter sized to process and convert more than 40 tons of fuel into gas per day; at least two fuel feed inlets located beneath the freeboard section, said fuel inlets configured to feed a fuel into said reactor vessel at a fuel feed rate of more than 40 tons of fuel per day during steady-state operation of the gasifier; and a gas distributor located within the inverted cone section of the reactor vessel. 7. The universal feeder system of claim 6, wherein the gas distributor is a pipe distributor comprising: a main air inlet, a center trunk line having lateral air branches; and an array of nozzles located on each of the lateral air branches. 8. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the cone section of the reactor vessel comprises:
at least one gas inlet that feeds air and flue gas the pipe distributor main air inlet and an array of nozzles whereby the gas is directed into the fluidized bed section of the reactor vessel. 9. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the lateral air branches are open on one end to receive gas from the center trunk line and closed on the other end. 10. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the center trunk line has at least 10 lateral air branches. 11. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the lateral air branches are symmetrically spaced about the center trunk line. 12. The universal feeder system of claim 6, wherein the freeboard section has a diameter of at least 137 inches and the fluidized bed has a diameter of at least 108 inches. 13. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the main air inlet has an upper and lower portion wherein the upper portion is aligned with an opening in the center trunk line and the lower portion of the main air inlet is connected to a pipe that is connected to the gas inlet. 14. The gasification reactor of claim 13, further wherein the pipe is connected to the gas inlet with a flange. 15. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the lateral air branches are of varying length to fit symmetrically within the diameter of the bottom of the reactor bed. 16. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein each of the nozzles are configured to direct the gas downward into the bottom of the reactor vessel. 17. The universal feeder system of claim 16, further wherein the nozzles direct the gas downward at a 45-degree angle. 18. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising at least one inlet for addition of an inert media. 19. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising an outlet for agglomerates; and an outlet for producer gas. 20. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising an ash grate fitted below the bottom of the reactor. | A universal feeder system that combines with a fluidized bed gasification reactor for the treatment of multiple diverse feedstocks including sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. The invention thereby also illustrates a method of gasification for multiple and diverse feedstocks using a universal feeder system. The feeder system comprises one or more feed vessels and at least one live bottom dual screw feeder. The feed vessel is rectangular shaped having three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the horizontal to facilitate proper flow of feedstock material that have different and/or variable flow properties. The feedstocks are transferred through an open bottom chute to a live bottom dual screw feeder and through another open bottom chute to a transfer screw feeder that conveys feedstock to the fuel feed inlets of a gasifier.1. A universal feeder system for feedstock comprising:
at least one rectangular shaped feed vessel having an upper and lower horizontal side, three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the lower horizontal side; a motor operated variable speed live bottom dual screw feeder; said dual screw feeder having a proximal and distal end, said dual screw feeder operably connected to the lower horizontal side; a chute having an open top and bottom; said top juxtaposed to the distal end of the dual screw feeder to receive conveyed material; and a motor operated variable speed transfer screw feeder juxtaposed to the bottom of the chute that conveys material; said transfer screw feeder having a proximal end and a distal end terminating in a feed nozzle, wherein the feed nozzle is mechanically connected to at least one fuel feed inlet located on a gasifier reactor vessel. 2. The universal feeder system of claim 1, further comprising aeration ports located on the sides of the feed vessel and removable bridge breakers attached inside the feed vessel. 3. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the feedstock is selected from the group comprising sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. 4. The universal feeder system of claim 3, wherein the feedstock is selected from the group comprising two or more feedstocks. 5. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the transfer screw further comprises a coolant jacket. 6. The universal feeder system of claim 1, wherein the gasifier reactor vessel is cylindrical in shape having a bottom with an inverted cone section and comprises:
a freeboard section comprising the top half of the reactor vessel, said freeboard section having a diameter sized to contain the gas produced from the conversion of more than 40 tons of fuel per day; a fluidized bed in a bed section within said reactor vessel located beneath the freeboard section, said fluidized bed having a diameter sized to process and convert more than 40 tons of fuel into gas per day; at least two fuel feed inlets located beneath the freeboard section, said fuel inlets configured to feed a fuel into said reactor vessel at a fuel feed rate of more than 40 tons of fuel per day during steady-state operation of the gasifier; and a gas distributor located within the inverted cone section of the reactor vessel. 7. The universal feeder system of claim 6, wherein the gas distributor is a pipe distributor comprising: a main air inlet, a center trunk line having lateral air branches; and an array of nozzles located on each of the lateral air branches. 8. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the cone section of the reactor vessel comprises:
at least one gas inlet that feeds air and flue gas the pipe distributor main air inlet and an array of nozzles whereby the gas is directed into the fluidized bed section of the reactor vessel. 9. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the lateral air branches are open on one end to receive gas from the center trunk line and closed on the other end. 10. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the center trunk line has at least 10 lateral air branches. 11. The universal feeder system of claim 7, wherein the lateral air branches are symmetrically spaced about the center trunk line. 12. The universal feeder system of claim 6, wherein the freeboard section has a diameter of at least 137 inches and the fluidized bed has a diameter of at least 108 inches. 13. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the main air inlet has an upper and lower portion wherein the upper portion is aligned with an opening in the center trunk line and the lower portion of the main air inlet is connected to a pipe that is connected to the gas inlet. 14. The gasification reactor of claim 13, further wherein the pipe is connected to the gas inlet with a flange. 15. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein the lateral air branches are of varying length to fit symmetrically within the diameter of the bottom of the reactor bed. 16. The universal feeder system of claim 7, further wherein each of the nozzles are configured to direct the gas downward into the bottom of the reactor vessel. 17. The universal feeder system of claim 16, further wherein the nozzles direct the gas downward at a 45-degree angle. 18. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising at least one inlet for addition of an inert media. 19. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising an outlet for agglomerates; and an outlet for producer gas. 20. The reactor of claim 8, further comprising an ash grate fitted below the bottom of the reactor. | 1,700 |
341,488 | 16,801,854 | 3,637 | A protective cover that is positionable on a structure such as a table or a piece of laboratory furniture. The cover has at least three support structures positioned on a bottom part of the cover substantially parallel to each other. The protective cover also has at least two substrate fiber cement slabs built of reinforced organic and/or mineral fibers positioned between the support structures. A steel slab having a glassy and/or porcelain finish covers the fiber cement slabs and/or the support structures. The steel slab has three folds on the surface including two folds on the sides that correspond to a 90° angle relative to the flat part of the steel slab and a middle fold located between the side folds and creates a middle groove that forms two cavities at the bottom part of the steel slab. | 1. A protective cover for table, a piece of laboratory furniture and the like, the protective cover comprising:
an upper flat surface and an opposed bottom flat surface; at least three support structures positioned at the bottom surface of the protective cover and folded in an omega shape, wherein the at least three support structures are set up in a parallel way between them; at least two substrate fiber cement slabs positioned between the at least three support structures and, built of reinforced organic and mineral fibers that gives thermic and acoustic protection to the cover; and a steel slab configured to form a cover that covers the fiber cement slabs, wherein the steel slab has three folds on the surface, and two folds on the sides that correspond to a 90° angle in respect to a flat part of the steel slab, and wherein a middle fold is located in the steel slab and creates a middle groove that forms two cavities at a bottom part of the steel slab. 2. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover is a substantially rectangular steel slab with a porcelain finish, wherein the protective cover has a frontal extreme and a back extreme, a left extreme and a right extreme. 3. The protective cover of claim 2, wherein a drill hole is defined from the upper flat surface through the bottom surface so that wires, hoses and the like can extend through the protective cover. 4. The protective cover of claim 2, further comprising a vertical extrusion extending away from the upper flat surface and defining three cut outs, in which two of the cut outs are rectangular cut outs, and the third cut out is defined by a drill hole, wherein a first rectangular cut out is located at a spaced distance from the left extreme and has a welded sloop that extends away from a back part of the vertical extrusion, wherein the sloop defines at least two drillings at lateral and frontal extremes spaced from an external border of the vertical extrusion, wherein the second cut out is spaced from the first cut out, and wherein the third cut out is spaced from the second rectangular cut out, and wherein the drilling hole is located at a central part of the vertical extrusion. 5. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the support structures are welded and attached along the bottom flat surface of the protective cover, wherein the two substrate fiber cement slabs are attached to an interior face of the cover, wherein the steel slab has a flux finish, and wherein the steel slab is sealed along its perimeter by silicone. 6. (canceled) 7. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover further comprises a frontal extreme and a back extreme with a vertical extrusion integrated to that back extreme, and wherein the vertical extrusion and the protective cover have a fold on the back and bottom part along a perimeter. 8. The protective cover of claim 7, wherein a rectangular window is defined from the upper flat surface to the bottom flat surface, wherein the window is sized and shaped to set up a wash trough therein, wherein a drill hole is defined from the upper flat surface to the bottom flat surface, and wherein the drill hole is positioned between the window and the vertical extrusion. 9. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the at least three support structures are welded and attached to the entirety of the length of the flat bottom surface, and wherein the steel slab is sealed along a perimeter edge and between the omega shaped support structures. 10. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover is configured to be positioned between the furniture and an extraction hood. 11. The protective cover of claim 10, wherein a first lateral cutout, a second lateral cutout and a central cut out are defined from the upper flat surface through the bottom surface so that cupper tubes, galvanized, hoses and the like can be connected from the top to the bottom part of the piece of furniture without having to pass it across the frontal part to avoid any potential accidents, and wherein the first and second lateral cut outs are oval in shape. 12. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the at least two cement slabs are attached to an interior face of the cover, wherein the cover is molded with a glassy, porcelain finish and wherein the cement slabs are sealed around a perimeter with black silicone. 13. The protective cover of claim 1, further comprising an integrated vertical extrusion extending away from the upper flat surface and a portable extrusion in which the portable extrusion is not formed integrally with the cover and is used for covering spaces perpendicularly. 14. (canceled) 15. A work surface comprising:
an upper flat surface and an opposed bottom flat surface; at least three support structures coupled to the bottom surface, wherein the at least three support structures are formed into an omega shape, and wherein the at least three support structures are substantially parallel to and spaced from each other; at least two substrate fiber cement slabs formed from reinforced organic and mineral fiber to provide thermal and acoustic protection to the work surface, wherein at least one fiber cement slab is positioned between each of the at least three support structures; and a covering coupled to the bottom surface, the covering configured to enclose the at least three support structures and the at least two fiber cement slabs, wherein the covering has three folds in a central portion and and two folds on each longitudinal side of the covering, wherein the folds form a plurality of grooves in the covering, and wherein each support structure is positioned in a groove. 16. The work surface of claim 15, wherein the covering comprises a recessed surface formed between adjacent grooves, and each recessed surface overlies a fiber cement slab. 17. The work surface of claim 16, wherein each recessed surface is positioned between adjacent support structures. | A protective cover that is positionable on a structure such as a table or a piece of laboratory furniture. The cover has at least three support structures positioned on a bottom part of the cover substantially parallel to each other. The protective cover also has at least two substrate fiber cement slabs built of reinforced organic and/or mineral fibers positioned between the support structures. A steel slab having a glassy and/or porcelain finish covers the fiber cement slabs and/or the support structures. The steel slab has three folds on the surface including two folds on the sides that correspond to a 90° angle relative to the flat part of the steel slab and a middle fold located between the side folds and creates a middle groove that forms two cavities at the bottom part of the steel slab.1. A protective cover for table, a piece of laboratory furniture and the like, the protective cover comprising:
an upper flat surface and an opposed bottom flat surface; at least three support structures positioned at the bottom surface of the protective cover and folded in an omega shape, wherein the at least three support structures are set up in a parallel way between them; at least two substrate fiber cement slabs positioned between the at least three support structures and, built of reinforced organic and mineral fibers that gives thermic and acoustic protection to the cover; and a steel slab configured to form a cover that covers the fiber cement slabs, wherein the steel slab has three folds on the surface, and two folds on the sides that correspond to a 90° angle in respect to a flat part of the steel slab, and wherein a middle fold is located in the steel slab and creates a middle groove that forms two cavities at a bottom part of the steel slab. 2. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover is a substantially rectangular steel slab with a porcelain finish, wherein the protective cover has a frontal extreme and a back extreme, a left extreme and a right extreme. 3. The protective cover of claim 2, wherein a drill hole is defined from the upper flat surface through the bottom surface so that wires, hoses and the like can extend through the protective cover. 4. The protective cover of claim 2, further comprising a vertical extrusion extending away from the upper flat surface and defining three cut outs, in which two of the cut outs are rectangular cut outs, and the third cut out is defined by a drill hole, wherein a first rectangular cut out is located at a spaced distance from the left extreme and has a welded sloop that extends away from a back part of the vertical extrusion, wherein the sloop defines at least two drillings at lateral and frontal extremes spaced from an external border of the vertical extrusion, wherein the second cut out is spaced from the first cut out, and wherein the third cut out is spaced from the second rectangular cut out, and wherein the drilling hole is located at a central part of the vertical extrusion. 5. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the support structures are welded and attached along the bottom flat surface of the protective cover, wherein the two substrate fiber cement slabs are attached to an interior face of the cover, wherein the steel slab has a flux finish, and wherein the steel slab is sealed along its perimeter by silicone. 6. (canceled) 7. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover further comprises a frontal extreme and a back extreme with a vertical extrusion integrated to that back extreme, and wherein the vertical extrusion and the protective cover have a fold on the back and bottom part along a perimeter. 8. The protective cover of claim 7, wherein a rectangular window is defined from the upper flat surface to the bottom flat surface, wherein the window is sized and shaped to set up a wash trough therein, wherein a drill hole is defined from the upper flat surface to the bottom flat surface, and wherein the drill hole is positioned between the window and the vertical extrusion. 9. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the at least three support structures are welded and attached to the entirety of the length of the flat bottom surface, and wherein the steel slab is sealed along a perimeter edge and between the omega shaped support structures. 10. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the protective cover is configured to be positioned between the furniture and an extraction hood. 11. The protective cover of claim 10, wherein a first lateral cutout, a second lateral cutout and a central cut out are defined from the upper flat surface through the bottom surface so that cupper tubes, galvanized, hoses and the like can be connected from the top to the bottom part of the piece of furniture without having to pass it across the frontal part to avoid any potential accidents, and wherein the first and second lateral cut outs are oval in shape. 12. The protective cover of claim 1, wherein the at least two cement slabs are attached to an interior face of the cover, wherein the cover is molded with a glassy, porcelain finish and wherein the cement slabs are sealed around a perimeter with black silicone. 13. The protective cover of claim 1, further comprising an integrated vertical extrusion extending away from the upper flat surface and a portable extrusion in which the portable extrusion is not formed integrally with the cover and is used for covering spaces perpendicularly. 14. (canceled) 15. A work surface comprising:
an upper flat surface and an opposed bottom flat surface; at least three support structures coupled to the bottom surface, wherein the at least three support structures are formed into an omega shape, and wherein the at least three support structures are substantially parallel to and spaced from each other; at least two substrate fiber cement slabs formed from reinforced organic and mineral fiber to provide thermal and acoustic protection to the work surface, wherein at least one fiber cement slab is positioned between each of the at least three support structures; and a covering coupled to the bottom surface, the covering configured to enclose the at least three support structures and the at least two fiber cement slabs, wherein the covering has three folds in a central portion and and two folds on each longitudinal side of the covering, wherein the folds form a plurality of grooves in the covering, and wherein each support structure is positioned in a groove. 16. The work surface of claim 15, wherein the covering comprises a recessed surface formed between adjacent grooves, and each recessed surface overlies a fiber cement slab. 17. The work surface of claim 16, wherein each recessed surface is positioned between adjacent support structures. | 3,600 |
341,489 | 16,801,768 | 3,637 | Embodiments of this disclosure relate to bulk acoustic wave resonators on a substrate. The bulk acoustic wave resonators include a first bulk acoustic wave resonator, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate. | 1. An acoustic wave component comprising:
a first bulk acoustic wave resonator on a substrate, the first bulk acoustic wave resonator including a first electrode, a second electrode, a piezoelectric layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a multi-layer raised frame structure, the multi-layer raised frame structure including a layer positioned between the piezoelectric layer and the first electrode; a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate; a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator; and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate. 2. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 3. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the first bulk acoustic wave resonator is a first film bulk acoustic wave resonator, and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator is a second film bulk acoustic wave resonator. 4. The acoustic wave component of claim 3 wherein the air gap is an air cavity for the first film bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second film bulk acoustic wave resonator. 5. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air cavity in the substrate. 6. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is positioned between a layer of piezoelectric material and the substrate. 7. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air bridge over a surface of the substrate closest to a piezoelectric layer of the first bulk acoustic wave resonator. 8. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air bridge positioned between a layer of piezoelectric material and the conductor. 9. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the layer of the multi-layer raised frame structure is a silicon dioxide layer. 10. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the first bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a recessed frame structure. 11. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the second bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a second multi-layer raised frame structure. 12. A front end module comprising:
an acoustic wave filter including a first bulk acoustic wave resonator having a multi-layer raised frame structure and being on a substrate, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate; and a radio frequency switch coupled to a port of the acoustic wave filter, the radio frequency switch configured to pass a radio frequency signal. 13. The front end module of claim 12 comprising a radio frequency amplifier, the radio frequency switch configured to selectively electrically connect the radio frequency amplifier and the acoustic wave filter. 14. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave filter is configured to filter fifth generation New Radio signal within a frequency band in Frequency Range 1. 15. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 16. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave filter is a transmit filter having an antenna port, and the first bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator are coupled between all other series bulk acoustic wave resonators of the acoustic wave filter and the antenna port. 17. A wireless communication device comprising:
an antenna; and a radio frequency front end in communication with the antenna and including an acoustic wave filter, the acoustic wave filter including a first bulk acoustic wave resonator having a multi-layer raised frame structure and being on a substrate, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate. 18. The wireless communication device of claim 17 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 19. The wireless communication device of claim 18 wherein the acoustic wave filter is a transmit filter having an antenna port, and the first bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator are coupled between all other series bulk acoustic wave resonators of the acoustic wave filter and the antenna port. 20. The wireless communication device of claim 17 wherein the wireless communication device is a mobile phone. | Embodiments of this disclosure relate to bulk acoustic wave resonators on a substrate. The bulk acoustic wave resonators include a first bulk acoustic wave resonator, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate.1. An acoustic wave component comprising:
a first bulk acoustic wave resonator on a substrate, the first bulk acoustic wave resonator including a first electrode, a second electrode, a piezoelectric layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a multi-layer raised frame structure, the multi-layer raised frame structure including a layer positioned between the piezoelectric layer and the first electrode; a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate; a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator; and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate. 2. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 3. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the first bulk acoustic wave resonator is a first film bulk acoustic wave resonator, and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator is a second film bulk acoustic wave resonator. 4. The acoustic wave component of claim 3 wherein the air gap is an air cavity for the first film bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second film bulk acoustic wave resonator. 5. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air cavity in the substrate. 6. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is positioned between a layer of piezoelectric material and the substrate. 7. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air bridge over a surface of the substrate closest to a piezoelectric layer of the first bulk acoustic wave resonator. 8. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the air gap is an air bridge positioned between a layer of piezoelectric material and the conductor. 9. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the layer of the multi-layer raised frame structure is a silicon dioxide layer. 10. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the first bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a recessed frame structure. 11. The acoustic wave component of claim 1 wherein the second bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a second multi-layer raised frame structure. 12. A front end module comprising:
an acoustic wave filter including a first bulk acoustic wave resonator having a multi-layer raised frame structure and being on a substrate, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate; and a radio frequency switch coupled to a port of the acoustic wave filter, the radio frequency switch configured to pass a radio frequency signal. 13. The front end module of claim 12 comprising a radio frequency amplifier, the radio frequency switch configured to selectively electrically connect the radio frequency amplifier and the acoustic wave filter. 14. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave filter is configured to filter fifth generation New Radio signal within a frequency band in Frequency Range 1. 15. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 16. The front end module of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave filter is a transmit filter having an antenna port, and the first bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator are coupled between all other series bulk acoustic wave resonators of the acoustic wave filter and the antenna port. 17. A wireless communication device comprising:
an antenna; and a radio frequency front end in communication with the antenna and including an acoustic wave filter, the acoustic wave filter including a first bulk acoustic wave resonator having a multi-layer raised frame structure and being on a substrate, a second bulk acoustic wave resonator on the substrate, a conductor electrically connecting the first bulk acoustic wave resonator to the second bulk acoustic wave resonator, and an air gap positioned between the conductor and a surface of the substrate. 18. The wireless communication device of claim 17 wherein the conductor electrically connects the first bulk acoustic wave resonator in anti-series with the second bulk acoustic wave resonator. 19. The wireless communication device of claim 18 wherein the acoustic wave filter is a transmit filter having an antenna port, and the first bulk acoustic wave resonator and the second bulk acoustic wave resonator are coupled between all other series bulk acoustic wave resonators of the acoustic wave filter and the antenna port. 20. The wireless communication device of claim 17 wherein the wireless communication device is a mobile phone. | 3,600 |
341,490 | 16,801,825 | 1,655 | Present invention provides a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, and its preparation which includes extracting Anisomeles indica using an alcohol solvent, fractioning the extract of Anisomeles indica by an organic solvent and water, and purifying via a silica column chromatography with 10:1˜10:5 hexane/ethyl acetate for sequential elution to give the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813. The bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, disclosed in present invention can can be used as an effective ingredient for treating or improving gastric ulcers, including reducing the area of ulcer and inflammation in the stomach tissue. | 1. A method for preparation of a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, which is comprising of:
Step 1: extracting Anisomeles indica with an alcohol solvent to give an extract of Anisomeles indica; Step 2: mixing the extract of Anisomeles indica with an organic solvent and water to obtain an organic solvent layer; Step 3: purifying the the organic solvent layer including using a silica gel column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate in the ratio of 10:1 to 10:5 for sequential elution, and the obtained fraction IV is the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein an extraction temperature of step 1 is 50-80° C. 3 . (Withdrawn) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein an extraction time of Step 1 is 4-8 hours. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the Anisomeles indica and the alcohol solvent is 1 (kg): 50˜70 (liter). 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the alcohol solvent is ethanol. 6. A fraction of Anisomeles indica, which is a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, prepared by the methods disclosed in claims 1. 7. A method for treating or improving gastric ulcers in a subject in need comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. 8. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or improving gastric ulcers, which includes the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. 9. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein treating or improving gastric ulcer refers to reducing the area of gastric ulcer. 10. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein treating or improving gastric ulcer refers to reducing inflammation in the stomach tissue. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein reducing inflammation in stomach tissue refers to reducing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein reducing inflammation in stomach tissue refers to reducing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). 13. The method as recited in claims 7, wherein said pharmaceutical composition further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, recipients, diluents, anti-inflammatory agents or effective ingredients for treating gastric ulcers. 14. A food composition which includes the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. | Present invention provides a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, and its preparation which includes extracting Anisomeles indica using an alcohol solvent, fractioning the extract of Anisomeles indica by an organic solvent and water, and purifying via a silica column chromatography with 10:1˜10:5 hexane/ethyl acetate for sequential elution to give the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813. The bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, disclosed in present invention can can be used as an effective ingredient for treating or improving gastric ulcers, including reducing the area of ulcer and inflammation in the stomach tissue.1. A method for preparation of a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, which is comprising of:
Step 1: extracting Anisomeles indica with an alcohol solvent to give an extract of Anisomeles indica; Step 2: mixing the extract of Anisomeles indica with an organic solvent and water to obtain an organic solvent layer; Step 3: purifying the the organic solvent layer including using a silica gel column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate in the ratio of 10:1 to 10:5 for sequential elution, and the obtained fraction IV is the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein an extraction temperature of step 1 is 50-80° C. 3 . (Withdrawn) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein an extraction time of Step 1 is 4-8 hours. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the Anisomeles indica and the alcohol solvent is 1 (kg): 50˜70 (liter). 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the alcohol solvent is ethanol. 6. A fraction of Anisomeles indica, which is a bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, prepared by the methods disclosed in claims 1. 7. A method for treating or improving gastric ulcers in a subject in need comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. 8. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or improving gastric ulcers, which includes the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. 9. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein treating or improving gastric ulcer refers to reducing the area of gastric ulcer. 10. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein treating or improving gastric ulcer refers to reducing inflammation in the stomach tissue. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein reducing inflammation in stomach tissue refers to reducing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein reducing inflammation in stomach tissue refers to reducing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). 13. The method as recited in claims 7, wherein said pharmaceutical composition further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, recipients, diluents, anti-inflammatory agents or effective ingredients for treating gastric ulcers. 14. A food composition which includes the bioactive fraction of Anisomeles indica, TSYI-813, as recited in claim 6. | 1,600 |
341,491 | 16,801,829 | 1,655 | Mobility service providers and others can use cloud platforms to meet customer demand. Due to changing demand or changing technology numerous issues arise. For example, server utilization within the cloud platform can become less efficient over time. As another example, virtual machines and virtual network functions processed by the cloud platform typically need to be extensively tested and certified, which can be expensive. Moreover, intra-platform communication can play a significant role in the costs to operate a cloud platform. Techniques detailed herein can address many of these issues, e.g., by providing mechanisms for increasing host or server utilization in response to changing demand, introducing a container technique for virtual machines to mitigate testing costs, and modeling bandwidth resources. | 1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
provisioning a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine allocates defined amounts of computing resources on a first server device of a group of server devices;
determining state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data that identifies existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resources on the members; and
determining, based on the state data, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device, of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the determining the rearrangement data instructing the second server device to instantiate the existing virtual machine, and instructing the first server device to terminate execution of the existing virtual machine and instantiate the virtual machine. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the instructing the second server device to instantiate the existing virtual machine, updating the location data. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein satisfying the cost function comprises determining that rearrangement solution has a lowest cost among the potential rearrangement solutions. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the cost function is determined to be satisfied based on a determination of a resource cost to effectuate the rearrangement solution, comprising a first resource cost to determine the rearrangement solution and a second resource cost to transfer execution of the existing virtual machine. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising determining the defined amounts of the resources based on a type of the virtual machine being provisioned. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the resource cost is from a group of resource costs comprising a processing cost, a memory cost, a bandwidth cost, an energy cost, a labor cost, and an unavailability cost. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the determining the rearrangement data is activated in response to a determination that the resource availability data indicates no individual member of the group of server devices has sufficient available resources to allocate the defined amounts of the computing resources and instantiate the virtual machine. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to result in the first server device having sufficient available server resources to allocate the defined amounts of the resources and instantiate the virtual machine on the first server device. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the rearrangement solution satisfies an availability constraint that requests the existing virtual machine be accessible to a specified geographical region or a topological region. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the existing virtual machine is a first existing virtual machine, and wherein the rearrangement solution satisfies an affinity constraint in which the first existing virtual machine has an affinity with a second existing virtual machine. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the affinity is a member of an affinity group comprising:
a first affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on a common server device of the group of server devices; a first anti-affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on different server devices of the group of server devices; a second affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on the different server devices, wherein the different server devices share a common chassis communication backplane; and a second anti-affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on the different server devices, wherein the different server devices do not share the common chassis communication backplane. 13. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising, comprising:
provisioning a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine apportions a defined amount of a computing resource on a first server device of a group of server devices; determining state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data that identifies existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resource on the members; and determining, based on the state data, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 14. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to have a lowest rearrangement cost from among the potential rearrangement solutions. 15. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to be subject to a first affinity constraint of the existing virtual machine or subject to a second affinity constraint of the virtual machine. 16. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the determining the rearrangement data comprises determining an order of virtual machine instantiations requested by the rearrangement solution and virtual machine terminations requested by the rearrangement solution. 17. A method, comprising:
provisioning, by a device comprising a processor, a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine allots a defined amount of a computing resource on a first server device of a group of server devices; determining, by the device, state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data representative of a server location of existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resources on the members; and based on the state data, determining, by the device, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising determining, by the device, the defined amount of the resource based on a type of the virtual machine being provisioned. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the determining the rearrangement data is activated in response to a determination that no member of the group of server devices has the defined amount of the computing resource available. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined, by the device, to result in the first server device having the defined amount of the computing resource available sufficient to instantiate the virtual machine on the first server device. | Mobility service providers and others can use cloud platforms to meet customer demand. Due to changing demand or changing technology numerous issues arise. For example, server utilization within the cloud platform can become less efficient over time. As another example, virtual machines and virtual network functions processed by the cloud platform typically need to be extensively tested and certified, which can be expensive. Moreover, intra-platform communication can play a significant role in the costs to operate a cloud platform. Techniques detailed herein can address many of these issues, e.g., by providing mechanisms for increasing host or server utilization in response to changing demand, introducing a container technique for virtual machines to mitigate testing costs, and modeling bandwidth resources.1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
provisioning a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine allocates defined amounts of computing resources on a first server device of a group of server devices;
determining state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data that identifies existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resources on the members; and
determining, based on the state data, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device, of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the determining the rearrangement data instructing the second server device to instantiate the existing virtual machine, and instructing the first server device to terminate execution of the existing virtual machine and instantiate the virtual machine. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the operations further comprise, in response to the instructing the second server device to instantiate the existing virtual machine, updating the location data. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein satisfying the cost function comprises determining that rearrangement solution has a lowest cost among the potential rearrangement solutions. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the cost function is determined to be satisfied based on a determination of a resource cost to effectuate the rearrangement solution, comprising a first resource cost to determine the rearrangement solution and a second resource cost to transfer execution of the existing virtual machine. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising determining the defined amounts of the resources based on a type of the virtual machine being provisioned. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the resource cost is from a group of resource costs comprising a processing cost, a memory cost, a bandwidth cost, an energy cost, a labor cost, and an unavailability cost. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the determining the rearrangement data is activated in response to a determination that the resource availability data indicates no individual member of the group of server devices has sufficient available resources to allocate the defined amounts of the computing resources and instantiate the virtual machine. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to result in the first server device having sufficient available server resources to allocate the defined amounts of the resources and instantiate the virtual machine on the first server device. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the rearrangement solution satisfies an availability constraint that requests the existing virtual machine be accessible to a specified geographical region or a topological region. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein the existing virtual machine is a first existing virtual machine, and wherein the rearrangement solution satisfies an affinity constraint in which the first existing virtual machine has an affinity with a second existing virtual machine. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the affinity is a member of an affinity group comprising:
a first affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on a common server device of the group of server devices; a first anti-affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on different server devices of the group of server devices; a second affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on the different server devices, wherein the different server devices share a common chassis communication backplane; and a second anti-affinity indicative of the first existing virtual machine and the second existing virtual machine being executed on the different server devices, wherein the different server devices do not share the common chassis communication backplane. 13. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising, comprising:
provisioning a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine apportions a defined amount of a computing resource on a first server device of a group of server devices; determining state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data that identifies existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resource on the members; and determining, based on the state data, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 14. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to have a lowest rearrangement cost from among the potential rearrangement solutions. 15. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to be subject to a first affinity constraint of the existing virtual machine or subject to a second affinity constraint of the virtual machine. 16. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the determining the rearrangement data comprises determining an order of virtual machine instantiations requested by the rearrangement solution and virtual machine terminations requested by the rearrangement solution. 17. A method, comprising:
provisioning, by a device comprising a processor, a virtual machine configured to execute a virtual network function, wherein the provisioning the virtual machine allots a defined amount of a computing resource on a first server device of a group of server devices; determining, by the device, state data of the group of server devices, wherein the state data comprises location data representative of a server location of existing virtual machines being executed on members of the group of server devices, and resource availability data that indicates availability of the computing resources on the members; and based on the state data, determining, by the device, rearrangement data indicative of a rearrangement solution that transfers execution of an existing virtual machine, of the existing virtual machines, from the first server device to a second server device of the group, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined to satisfy a cost function relative to potential rearrangement solutions. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising determining, by the device, the defined amount of the resource based on a type of the virtual machine being provisioned. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the determining the rearrangement data is activated in response to a determination that no member of the group of server devices has the defined amount of the computing resource available. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the rearrangement solution is determined, by the device, to result in the first server device having the defined amount of the computing resource available sufficient to instantiate the virtual machine on the first server device. | 1,600 |
341,492 | 16,801,787 | 1,647 | FN3 domains that specifically bind to PD-L1, their conjugates, isolated nucleotides encoding the molecules, vectors, host cells, and methods of making and using them are useful in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, and 124. 22. The protein of claim 21, wherein the amino acid sequence is at least 95% identical to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, and 124. 23. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein has at least one substitution at a residue selected from the group consisting of 11, 14, 17, 37, 46, 73, and 86 corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 4. 24. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein is conjugated to a heterologous molecule. 25. The protein of claim 24, wherein the heterologous molecule is a detectable label, a cytotoxic agent, or both. 26. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is selected from a radioactive isotope, a magnetic bead, a metallic bead, a colloidal particle, a fluorescent dye, an electron-dense reagent, an enzyme, a biotin, a digoxigenin, a hapten, a luminescent molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule, a fluorochrome, a fluorophore, a fluorescent quenching agent, a colored molecule, a radioactive isotope, a cintillant, an avidin, astreptavidin, a protein A, a protein G, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a polyhistidine, a Ni2±, a flag tag, a myc tag, a heavy metal, an alkaline phosphatase, a peroxidase, a luciferase, an electron donor, an electron acceptor, an acridinium ester, or a colorimetric substrate. 27. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is auristatin, monomethyl auristatin phenylalanine, dolostatin, chemotherapeutic agent, a drug, a growth inhibitory agent, a toxin, or a radioactive isotope. 28. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is conjugated to the protein by a linker. 29. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is complexed with a chelating agent. 30. The protein of claim 21, further comprising a methionine at the N-terminus of the protein. 31. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein is coupled to a half-life extending moiety. 32. The protein of claim 31, wherein the half-life extending moiety is an albumin binding molecule, a polyethylene glycol (PEG), albumin, albumin variant, or at least a portion of an Fc region of an immunoglobulin. 33. A composition comprising the protein of claim 21 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 34. A kit comprising the protein of claim 21. | FN3 domains that specifically bind to PD-L1, their conjugates, isolated nucleotides encoding the molecules, vectors, host cells, and methods of making and using them are useful in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.1-20. (canceled) 21. A protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, and 124. 22. The protein of claim 21, wherein the amino acid sequence is at least 95% identical to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, and 124. 23. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein has at least one substitution at a residue selected from the group consisting of 11, 14, 17, 37, 46, 73, and 86 corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 4. 24. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein is conjugated to a heterologous molecule. 25. The protein of claim 24, wherein the heterologous molecule is a detectable label, a cytotoxic agent, or both. 26. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is selected from a radioactive isotope, a magnetic bead, a metallic bead, a colloidal particle, a fluorescent dye, an electron-dense reagent, an enzyme, a biotin, a digoxigenin, a hapten, a luminescent molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule, a fluorochrome, a fluorophore, a fluorescent quenching agent, a colored molecule, a radioactive isotope, a cintillant, an avidin, astreptavidin, a protein A, a protein G, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a polyhistidine, a Ni2±, a flag tag, a myc tag, a heavy metal, an alkaline phosphatase, a peroxidase, a luciferase, an electron donor, an electron acceptor, an acridinium ester, or a colorimetric substrate. 27. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is auristatin, monomethyl auristatin phenylalanine, dolostatin, chemotherapeutic agent, a drug, a growth inhibitory agent, a toxin, or a radioactive isotope. 28. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is conjugated to the protein by a linker. 29. The protein of claim 25, wherein the detectable label is complexed with a chelating agent. 30. The protein of claim 21, further comprising a methionine at the N-terminus of the protein. 31. The protein of claim 21, wherein the protein is coupled to a half-life extending moiety. 32. The protein of claim 31, wherein the half-life extending moiety is an albumin binding molecule, a polyethylene glycol (PEG), albumin, albumin variant, or at least a portion of an Fc region of an immunoglobulin. 33. A composition comprising the protein of claim 21 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 34. A kit comprising the protein of claim 21. | 1,600 |
341,493 | 16,801,841 | 1,647 | A weighing system for a retail grocery environment is provided. The system includes a scale device with a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller. A portable, wireless communication module is carried by a scale operator, the wireless communication module including a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one operator control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver. | 1. A weighing system in a retail grocer environment, comprising:
a scale device with a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller; a portable, wireless communication module carried by a scale operator, the wireless communication module including a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one operator control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver; wherein the wireless communication module includes an operating mode in which the module controller is configured to operate the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate a distinct identifier specific the wireless communication module; wherein the scale device includes an operating mode in which the scale device controller is configured to:
(i) monitor the first wireless transmitter/receiver and, upon receipt of the distinct identifier, log the wireless communication module as available for communications;
(ii) selectively send messages to the wireless communication module upon identification of certain scale device events, each message including at least scale device identification data and scale device event data;
wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that, upon receipt of each message from the scale device, the message is loaded into a FIFO queue in the memory; wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that, upon triggering of the operator control input, a next message in the FIFO queue is presented on the display screen. 2. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the display screen of the wireless communication module is a low power consumption bistable display device, such as e-paper. 3. The weighing system of claim 2, wherein the memory of the module controller is a flash memory. 4. The weighing system of claim 3, wherein, the wireless communication module includes a standby mode and, in the standby mode, a last message presented on the display screen remains active for viewing. 5. The weighing system of claim 4, wherein the flash memory also stores the distinct identifier and/or other data identifying the scale operator carrying the wireless communication module, wherein, in the standby mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that an initial triggering of the operator control input places the wireless communication module into the operating mode and causes the distinct identifier and/or the other data identifying the scale operator to be presented on the display screen. 6. The weighing system of claim 5, wherein the flash memory also stores data identifying a retail grocer in which the weighing system is located, wherein, in the standby mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that the initial triggering of the operator control input causes the data identifying the retail grocer to be presented on the display screen. 7. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, when a given next message in the FIFO queue is presented on the display screen, the preceding message is eliminated from the FIFO queue. 8. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured to operate the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate, along with the distinct identifier, data indicating a number of messages in the FIFO queue that have not yet been presented on the display screen. 9. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the scale device controller is configured such that each message sent to the wireless communication module also includes timestamp data, wherein the module controller is configured such that each message from the FIFO queue that is presented on the display screen includes display of the timestamp data. 10. The weighing system of claim 9, wherein the scale device is either a stand-alone scale or part of a weigh/wrap device, wherein the scale device controller is configured to identify two or more of the following scale events and to send a message to the wireless communication module indicating such identified scale events:
(i) scale device out of label stock; (ii) scale device out of film; (iii) scale device out of level; (iv) scale device printhead issue; (v) scale device network connectivity status; (vi) scale device customer queue size; (vii) receipt of a retail grocer or customer help desk originated message for the scale operator; or (viii) scale device not zero or out of zero maintenance zone. 11. The weighing system of claim 9, wherein the scale device controller is configured to operate such that, if a given scale device event associated with a message previously sent to the wireless communication device is later addressed or solved, the scale device controller operates the first wireless transmitter/receiver to send an update message to the wireless communication module identifying that the given scale device event has been addressed or solved. 12. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module includes an accelerometer, and the module controller is configured such that, in the operating mode, if the accelerometer fails to indicate module motion for a predetermined time period, the controller places the wireless communication module into a standby mode in order to save power. 13. A method of operating a weighing system including a scale device and one or more portable, wireless communication modules, wherein the scale device includes a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller, wherein the wireless communication module includes a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver, where the method comprises:
the wireless communication module operating the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate to the scale device a distinct identifier specific the wireless communication module; the scale device operating to log presence of the wireless communication module; the scale device further operating to:
(i) identify scale message events;
(ii) for each identified scale message event, operate the first wireless transmitter/receiver to send a message to the wireless communication module;
the wireless communication module operating to store each message received from the scale device in a message queue in the memory; the wireless communication module further operating to present on the display screen a next message in the message queue upon triggering of the control input. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the display screen of the wireless communication module is a low power consumption bistable display device, wherein the memory of the module controller is a flash memory, and wherein the message queue is a FIFO queue. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the scale device operates such that each message sent to the wireless communication module includes scale device identification data, scale device event data, and timestamp data, wherein the wireless communication module operates such that each message from the FIFO queue that is presented on the display screen includes the scale device identification data, the scale device event data and the timestamp data. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the wireless communication module includes an accelerometer and is battery powered, wherein the wireless communication module operates such that, if the accelerometer does not indicate module motion for a predetermined time period, the wireless communication module is placed into a standby mode to reduce power consumption, and in the standby mode the wireless communication module no longer receives and stores messages from the scale device. | A weighing system for a retail grocery environment is provided. The system includes a scale device with a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller. A portable, wireless communication module is carried by a scale operator, the wireless communication module including a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one operator control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver.1. A weighing system in a retail grocer environment, comprising:
a scale device with a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller; a portable, wireless communication module carried by a scale operator, the wireless communication module including a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one operator control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver; wherein the wireless communication module includes an operating mode in which the module controller is configured to operate the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate a distinct identifier specific the wireless communication module; wherein the scale device includes an operating mode in which the scale device controller is configured to:
(i) monitor the first wireless transmitter/receiver and, upon receipt of the distinct identifier, log the wireless communication module as available for communications;
(ii) selectively send messages to the wireless communication module upon identification of certain scale device events, each message including at least scale device identification data and scale device event data;
wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that, upon receipt of each message from the scale device, the message is loaded into a FIFO queue in the memory; wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that, upon triggering of the operator control input, a next message in the FIFO queue is presented on the display screen. 2. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the display screen of the wireless communication module is a low power consumption bistable display device, such as e-paper. 3. The weighing system of claim 2, wherein the memory of the module controller is a flash memory. 4. The weighing system of claim 3, wherein, the wireless communication module includes a standby mode and, in the standby mode, a last message presented on the display screen remains active for viewing. 5. The weighing system of claim 4, wherein the flash memory also stores the distinct identifier and/or other data identifying the scale operator carrying the wireless communication module, wherein, in the standby mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that an initial triggering of the operator control input places the wireless communication module into the operating mode and causes the distinct identifier and/or the other data identifying the scale operator to be presented on the display screen. 6. The weighing system of claim 5, wherein the flash memory also stores data identifying a retail grocer in which the weighing system is located, wherein, in the standby mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured such that the initial triggering of the operator control input causes the data identifying the retail grocer to be presented on the display screen. 7. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, when a given next message in the FIFO queue is presented on the display screen, the preceding message is eliminated from the FIFO queue. 8. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein, in the operating mode of the wireless communication module, the module controller is configured to operate the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate, along with the distinct identifier, data indicating a number of messages in the FIFO queue that have not yet been presented on the display screen. 9. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the scale device controller is configured such that each message sent to the wireless communication module also includes timestamp data, wherein the module controller is configured such that each message from the FIFO queue that is presented on the display screen includes display of the timestamp data. 10. The weighing system of claim 9, wherein the scale device is either a stand-alone scale or part of a weigh/wrap device, wherein the scale device controller is configured to identify two or more of the following scale events and to send a message to the wireless communication module indicating such identified scale events:
(i) scale device out of label stock; (ii) scale device out of film; (iii) scale device out of level; (iv) scale device printhead issue; (v) scale device network connectivity status; (vi) scale device customer queue size; (vii) receipt of a retail grocer or customer help desk originated message for the scale operator; or (viii) scale device not zero or out of zero maintenance zone. 11. The weighing system of claim 9, wherein the scale device controller is configured to operate such that, if a given scale device event associated with a message previously sent to the wireless communication device is later addressed or solved, the scale device controller operates the first wireless transmitter/receiver to send an update message to the wireless communication module identifying that the given scale device event has been addressed or solved. 12. The weighing system of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module includes an accelerometer, and the module controller is configured such that, in the operating mode, if the accelerometer fails to indicate module motion for a predetermined time period, the controller places the wireless communication module into a standby mode in order to save power. 13. A method of operating a weighing system including a scale device and one or more portable, wireless communication modules, wherein the scale device includes a weighing station and a scale device controller associated with the weighing station for determining a price of an item based upon the item weight, wherein the scale device further includes a first wireless transmitter/receiver associated with the scale controller, wherein the wireless communication module includes a display screen, a module controller with a memory, at least one control input and a second wireless transmitter/receiver, where the method comprises:
the wireless communication module operating the second wireless transmitter/receiver to wirelessly communicate to the scale device a distinct identifier specific the wireless communication module; the scale device operating to log presence of the wireless communication module; the scale device further operating to:
(i) identify scale message events;
(ii) for each identified scale message event, operate the first wireless transmitter/receiver to send a message to the wireless communication module;
the wireless communication module operating to store each message received from the scale device in a message queue in the memory; the wireless communication module further operating to present on the display screen a next message in the message queue upon triggering of the control input. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the display screen of the wireless communication module is a low power consumption bistable display device, wherein the memory of the module controller is a flash memory, and wherein the message queue is a FIFO queue. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the scale device operates such that each message sent to the wireless communication module includes scale device identification data, scale device event data, and timestamp data, wherein the wireless communication module operates such that each message from the FIFO queue that is presented on the display screen includes the scale device identification data, the scale device event data and the timestamp data. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the wireless communication module includes an accelerometer and is battery powered, wherein the wireless communication module operates such that, if the accelerometer does not indicate module motion for a predetermined time period, the wireless communication module is placed into a standby mode to reduce power consumption, and in the standby mode the wireless communication module no longer receives and stores messages from the scale device. | 1,600 |
341,494 | 16,801,785 | 1,647 | The present invention provides a culture method of cells and/or tissues including culturing cells and/or tissues in a suspended state by using a medium composition wherein indeterminate structures are formed in a liquid medium, the structures are uniformly dispersed in the solution and substantially retain the cells and/or tissues without substantially increasing the viscosity of the solution, thus affording an effect of preventing sedimentation thereof, and the like | 1. A method of producing a sphere, comprising cultivating an adherent cell in a suspended state in the medium composition comprising deacylated gellan gum or a salt thereof. | The present invention provides a culture method of cells and/or tissues including culturing cells and/or tissues in a suspended state by using a medium composition wherein indeterminate structures are formed in a liquid medium, the structures are uniformly dispersed in the solution and substantially retain the cells and/or tissues without substantially increasing the viscosity of the solution, thus affording an effect of preventing sedimentation thereof, and the like1. A method of producing a sphere, comprising cultivating an adherent cell in a suspended state in the medium composition comprising deacylated gellan gum or a salt thereof. | 1,600 |
341,495 | 16,801,797 | 1,647 | An encoder is an encoder that encodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, and includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, The first reference samples are referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block. The second reference samples are referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block. When generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies the same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block. The inner samples constitute a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. | 1. An encoder that encodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the encoder comprising:
circuitry; and memory, wherein using the memory, the circuitry:
calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies a same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 2. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the first side is one of an upper side and a left side of the block, and the second side is the other of the upper side and the left side of the block. 3. The encoder according to claim 2, wherein
the first side is the upper side of the block when a horizontal size of the block is larger than a vertical size of the block, and the first side is the left side of the block when the vertical size is larger than the horizontal size. 4. The encoder according to claim 3, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a total average pixel value of the first reference samples and the second reference samples when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
generates the prediction image using the total average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually different. 5. The encoder according to claim 4, wherein
the same prediction pixel value is expressed by one of the following formulae: 6. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a second average pixel value which is an average pixel value of the second reference samples, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image by combining the first average pixel value and the second average pixel value. 7. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates, for each of ranges at the first side, an average pixel value of reference samples located, adjacent to the range, to calculate average pixel values as first average pixel values, the first reference samples are the reference samples adjacent to one of the ranges at the first side, the first average pixel value of the first reference samples is included in the first average pixel values, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values. 8. The encoder according to claim 7, wherein
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
derives, for each of the current samples, a prediction pixel value, using at least one of the first average pixel values according to a position of the current sample in the block; and
generates the prediction image using prediction pixel values derived for the current samples. 9. The encoder according to claim 7, wherein
the circuitry further calculates, for each of one or more ranges at the second side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate at least one average pixel value as at least one second average pixel value, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values and the at least one second average pixel value. 10. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the number of the first reference samples is a power of 2, and when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates the first average pixel value by performing division using bit shifting. 11. A decoder that decodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the decoder comprising:
circuitry; and memory, wherein using the memory, the circuitry:
calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies a same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 12. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the first side is one of an upper side and a left side of the block, and the second side is the other of the upper side and the left side of the block. 13. The decoder according to claim 12, wherein
the first side is the upper side of the block when a horizontal size of the block is larger than a vertical size of the block, and the first side is the left side of the block when the vertical size is larger than the horizontal size. 14. The decoder according to claim 13, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a total average pixel value of the first reference samples and the second reference samples when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
generates the prediction image using the total average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually different. 15. The decoder according to claim 14, wherein
the same prediction pixel value is expressed by one of the following formulae: 16. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a second average pixel value which is an average pixel value of the second reference samples, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image by combining the first average pixel value and the second average pixel value. 17. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates, for each of ranges at the first side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate average pixel values as first average pixel values, the first reference samples are the reference samples adjacent to one of the ranges at the first side, the first average pixel value of the first reference samples is included in the first average pixel values, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values. 18. The decoder according to claim 17, wherein
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
derives, for each of the current samples, a prediction pixel value, using at least one of the first average pixel values according to a position of the current sample in the block; and
generates the prediction image using prediction pixel values derived for the current samples. 19. The decoder according to claim 17, wherein
the circuitry further calculates, for each of one or more ranges at the second side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate at least one average pixel value as at least one second average pixel value, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values and the at least one second average pixel value. 20. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the number of the first reference samples is a power of 2, and when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates the first average pixel value by performing division using bit shifting. 21. An encoding method for encoding a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the encoding method comprising:
calculating a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and generating the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and in the generating of the prediction image, a same prediction pixel value is applied to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 22. A decoding method for decoding a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the decoding method comprising:
calculating a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and generating the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and in the generating of the prediction image, a same prediction pixel value is applied to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. | An encoder is an encoder that encodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, and includes circuitry and memory. Using the memory, the circuitry: calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, The first reference samples are referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block. The second reference samples are referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block. When generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies the same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block. The inner samples constitute a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.1. An encoder that encodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the encoder comprising:
circuitry; and memory, wherein using the memory, the circuitry:
calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies a same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 2. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the first side is one of an upper side and a left side of the block, and the second side is the other of the upper side and the left side of the block. 3. The encoder according to claim 2, wherein
the first side is the upper side of the block when a horizontal size of the block is larger than a vertical size of the block, and the first side is the left side of the block when the vertical size is larger than the horizontal size. 4. The encoder according to claim 3, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a total average pixel value of the first reference samples and the second reference samples when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
generates the prediction image using the total average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually different. 5. The encoder according to claim 4, wherein
the same prediction pixel value is expressed by one of the following formulae: 6. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a second average pixel value which is an average pixel value of the second reference samples, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image by combining the first average pixel value and the second average pixel value. 7. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates, for each of ranges at the first side, an average pixel value of reference samples located, adjacent to the range, to calculate average pixel values as first average pixel values, the first reference samples are the reference samples adjacent to one of the ranges at the first side, the first average pixel value of the first reference samples is included in the first average pixel values, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values. 8. The encoder according to claim 7, wherein
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
derives, for each of the current samples, a prediction pixel value, using at least one of the first average pixel values according to a position of the current sample in the block; and
generates the prediction image using prediction pixel values derived for the current samples. 9. The encoder according to claim 7, wherein
the circuitry further calculates, for each of one or more ranges at the second side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate at least one average pixel value as at least one second average pixel value, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values and the at least one second average pixel value. 10. The encoder according to claim 1, wherein
the number of the first reference samples is a power of 2, and when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates the first average pixel value by performing division using bit shifting. 11. A decoder that decodes a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the decoder comprising:
circuitry; and memory, wherein using the memory, the circuitry:
calculates a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry applies a same prediction pixel value to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 12. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the first side is one of an upper side and a left side of the block, and the second side is the other of the upper side and the left side of the block. 13. The decoder according to claim 12, wherein
the first side is the upper side of the block when a horizontal size of the block is larger than a vertical size of the block, and the first side is the left side of the block when the vertical size is larger than the horizontal size. 14. The decoder according to claim 13, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a total average pixel value of the first reference samples and the second reference samples when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
generates the prediction image using the total average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually equal; and
generates the prediction image using the first average pixel value as the same prediction pixel value when the vertical size and the horizontal size are mutually different. 15. The decoder according to claim 14, wherein
the same prediction pixel value is expressed by one of the following formulae: 16. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the circuitry further calculates a second average pixel value which is an average pixel value of the second reference samples, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image by combining the first average pixel value and the second average pixel value. 17. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates, for each of ranges at the first side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate average pixel values as first average pixel values, the first reference samples are the reference samples adjacent to one of the ranges at the first side, the first average pixel value of the first reference samples is included in the first average pixel values, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values. 18. The decoder according to claim 17, wherein
when generating the prediction image, the circuitry:
derives, for each of the current samples, a prediction pixel value, using at least one of the first average pixel values according to a position of the current sample in the block; and
generates the prediction image using prediction pixel values derived for the current samples. 19. The decoder according to claim 17, wherein
the circuitry further calculates, for each of one or more ranges at the second side, an average pixel value of reference samples located adjacent to the range, to calculate at least one average pixel value as at least one second average pixel value, and when generating the prediction image, the circuitry generates the prediction image using the first average pixel values and the at least one second average pixel value. 20. The decoder according to claim 11, wherein
the number of the first reference samples is a power of 2, and when calculating the first average pixel value, the circuitry calculates the first average pixel value by performing division using bit shifting. 21. An encoding method for encoding a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the encoding method comprising:
calculating a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and generating the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and in the generating of the prediction image, a same prediction pixel value is applied to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. 22. A decoding method for decoding a block in a picture using a prediction image of the block, the decoding method comprising:
calculating a first average pixel value which is an average pixel value of first reference samples out of the first reference samples and second reference samples, the first reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a first side of the block, the second reference samples being referable and located outside the block and adjacent to a second side of the block; and generating the prediction image using the first average pixel value, and in the generating of the prediction image, a same prediction pixel value is applied to inner samples among current samples to be processed that are included in the block, the inner samples constituting a quadrilateral region including at least two current samples in each of a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. | 1,600 |
341,496 | 16,801,796 | 1,647 | Provided is at least any of a layered body, which has a change in texture derived from zirconia, particularly a change in translucency and is suitable as a dental prosthetic member, a precursor thereof, or a method for producing these. There is provided a layered body having a structure in which two or more layers containing zirconia containing a stabilizer are layered, the layered body including at least: a first layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol %; and a second layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. | 1. A layered body having a structure in which two or more layers containing zirconia containing a stabilizer are layered, the layered body comprising at least:
a first layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol %; and a second layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. 2. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 1.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 3. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 5.0 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 4. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the first layer is 4.0 mol % to 6.0 mol %. 5. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a difference between the stabilizer content in the first layer and the stabilizer content in the second layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 mol %. 6. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the stabilizer is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria (Y2O3), calcia (CaO), magnesia (MgO), and ceria (CeO2). 7. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers contains alumina. 8. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 9. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. 10. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a sintered body. 11. The layered body according to claim 10,
wherein a density measured through a method according to JIS R 1634 is 5.7 g/cm3 to 6.3 g/cm3. 12. The layered body according to claim 10 further comprising:
a zirconia layer of which a total light transmittance with respect to light having a wavelength of 600 nm at a sample thickness of 1.0 mm is 30% to 50%. 13. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a calcined body. 14. The layered body according to claim 13,
wherein a density is 2.4 g/cm3 to 3.7 g/cm3. 15. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of sintering a green body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binder content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 16. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, the method comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C. to obtain a calcined body; and a step of sintering the calcined body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 17. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1 comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C.,
wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least
a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and
a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and
has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 18. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein a warp of the green body measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 19. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the binding agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, wax, and acrylic resin. 20. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the powder composition contained in the powder composition layers is granulated powder. 21. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein a density of the green body is 2.4 g/cm3 to 3.7 g/cm3. 22. A dental material containing the layered body according to claim 1. | Provided is at least any of a layered body, which has a change in texture derived from zirconia, particularly a change in translucency and is suitable as a dental prosthetic member, a precursor thereof, or a method for producing these. There is provided a layered body having a structure in which two or more layers containing zirconia containing a stabilizer are layered, the layered body including at least: a first layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol %; and a second layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer.1. A layered body having a structure in which two or more layers containing zirconia containing a stabilizer are layered, the layered body comprising at least:
a first layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol %; and a second layer containing zirconia having a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first layer. 2. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 1.5 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 3. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the second layer is 5.0 mol % to 7.0 mol %. 4. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the stabilizer of the stabilizer-containing zirconia contained in the first layer is 4.0 mol % to 6.0 mol %. 5. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a difference between the stabilizer content in the first layer and the stabilizer content in the second layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 mol %. 6. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the stabilizer is one or more selected from the group consisting of yttria (Y2O3), calcia (CaO), magnesia (MgO), and ceria (CeO2). 7. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the layers contains alumina. 8. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 9. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein a warp measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. 10. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a sintered body. 11. The layered body according to claim 10,
wherein a density measured through a method according to JIS R 1634 is 5.7 g/cm3 to 6.3 g/cm3. 12. The layered body according to claim 10 further comprising:
a zirconia layer of which a total light transmittance with respect to light having a wavelength of 600 nm at a sample thickness of 1.0 mm is 30% to 50%. 13. The layered body according to claim 1,
wherein the layered body is a calcined body. 14. The layered body according to claim 13,
wherein a density is 2.4 g/cm3 to 3.7 g/cm3. 15. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, comprising:
a step of sintering a green body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binder content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 16. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1, the method comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C. to obtain a calcined body; and a step of sintering the calcined body at 1,200° C. to 1,600° C., wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 17. A method for producing the layered body according to claim 1 comprising:
a step of calcining a green body at a temperature of higher than or equal to 800° C. and lower than 1,200° C.,
wherein the green body has a structure, in which two or more powder composition layers consisting of a powder composition containing stabilizer-containing zirconia and a binding agent are layered, includes at least
a first powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content of higher than or equal to 4 mol % and
a second powder composition layer containing a binding agent and zirconia which has a stabilizer content different from that of the zirconia contained in the first powder composition layer, and
has a difference in a binding agent content between the first powder composition layer and the second powder composition layer exceeds 0.01 wt %. 18. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein a warp of the green body measured using a thickness gauge according to JIS B 7524:2008 is less than or equal to 1.0 mm. 19. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the binding agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, wax, and acrylic resin. 20. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein the powder composition contained in the powder composition layers is granulated powder. 21. The production method according to claim 15,
wherein a density of the green body is 2.4 g/cm3 to 3.7 g/cm3. 22. A dental material containing the layered body according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
341,497 | 16,801,816 | 1,647 | A motor driving apparatus including a driving circuit for supplying a first pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second pulse with which a second coil included in the stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the stepping motor. The driving circuit supplies the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the stepping motor, and supplies the first pulse, the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the stepping motor. | 1. A motor driving apparatus comprising:
a driving circuit for supplying a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving circuit supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 2. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a standby time is set between a timing for supplying the second driving pulse and a timing for supplying the third driving pulse, and between a timing for supplying the fourth driving pulse and a timing for supplying the first driving pulse, and wherein when the standby time is shorter than a predetermined time, the driving circuit continuously drives the two-phase stepping motor. 3. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 4. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 5. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 6. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 7. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 8. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 9. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 10. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 11. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 12. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 13. A motor driving method comprising:
a drive fiction to supply a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second. driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving function supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 14. A timepiece comprising:
the motor driving apparatus according to claim 1. | A motor driving apparatus including a driving circuit for supplying a first pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second pulse with which a second coil included in the stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the stepping motor. The driving circuit supplies the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the stepping motor, and supplies the first pulse, the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the stepping motor.1. A motor driving apparatus comprising:
a driving circuit for supplying a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving circuit supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 2. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a standby time is set between a timing for supplying the second driving pulse and a timing for supplying the third driving pulse, and between a timing for supplying the fourth driving pulse and a timing for supplying the first driving pulse, and wherein when the standby time is shorter than a predetermined time, the driving circuit continuously drives the two-phase stepping motor. 3. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 4. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 5. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 6. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 7. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 8. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 9. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 10. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 11. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 12. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 13. A motor driving method comprising:
a drive fiction to supply a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second. driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving function supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 14. A timepiece comprising:
the motor driving apparatus according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
341,498 | 16,801,811 | 1,647 | A motor driving apparatus including a driving circuit for supplying a first pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second pulse with which a second coil included in the stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the stepping motor. The driving circuit supplies the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the stepping motor, and supplies the first pulse, the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the stepping motor. | 1. A motor driving apparatus comprising:
a driving circuit for supplying a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving circuit supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 2. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a standby time is set between a timing for supplying the second driving pulse and a timing for supplying the third driving pulse, and between a timing for supplying the fourth driving pulse and a timing for supplying the first driving pulse, and wherein when the standby time is shorter than a predetermined time, the driving circuit continuously drives the two-phase stepping motor. 3. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 4. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 5. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 6. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 7. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 8. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 9. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 10. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 11. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 12. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 13. A motor driving method comprising:
a drive fiction to supply a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second. driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving function supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 14. A timepiece comprising:
the motor driving apparatus according to claim 1. | A motor driving apparatus including a driving circuit for supplying a first pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second pulse with which a second coil included in the stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the stepping motor. The driving circuit supplies the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the stepping motor, and supplies the first pulse, the second pulse, the third pulse, and the fourth pulse in this order to the stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the stepping motor.1. A motor driving apparatus comprising:
a driving circuit for supplying a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving circuit supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 2. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a standby time is set between a timing for supplying the second driving pulse and a timing for supplying the third driving pulse, and between a timing for supplying the fourth driving pulse and a timing for supplying the first driving pulse, and wherein when the standby time is shorter than a predetermined time, the driving circuit continuously drives the two-phase stepping motor. 3. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 4. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a control circuit that controls pulse lengths of the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse. 5. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 6. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 7. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 8. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is larger than energy of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 9. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 10. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 11. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 12. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 8,
wherein a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped is longer than a length of the second driving pulse supplied to the two-phase stepping motor after starting. 13. A motor driving method comprising:
a drive fiction to supply a first driving pulse with which a first coil included in a two-phase stepping motor generates a first magnetic flux, a second. driving pulse with which a second coil included in the two-phase stepping motor generates a second magnetic flux opposite to the first magnetic flux, a third driving pulse with which the first coil generates the second magnetic flux, and a fourth driving pulse with which the second coil generates the first magnetic flux, to the two-phase stepping motor, wherein the driving function supplies the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor in a state of being stopped to start the two-phase stepping motor, and supplies the first driving pulse, the second driving pulse, the third driving pulse, and the fourth driving pulse in this order to the two-phase stepping motor after starting to continuously drive the two-phase stepping motor. 14. A timepiece comprising:
the motor driving apparatus according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
341,499 | 16,801,815 | 1,647 | Provided is a container having a container body, a bail attached to the container body, and a flexible band attached to a rear of the container body. The flexible band has a first end attached to the rear of the container proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear. The flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band. | 1. A container comprising:
a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving a coating material; a bail attached to the container body; and a flexible band attached to the rear of the container body, the flexible band having a first end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear, wherein the flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band. 2. The container according to claim 1, wherein the rear of the container includes slots proximate the bottom of the rear, and wherein the second end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that is disposed in and movable within the slots. 3. The container according to claim 2, wherein in the first position the pin is at a bottom of the slot, and in the second and third positions the pin is at the top of the slot. 4. The container according to claim 1, wherein the container body includes a projection projecting rearwardly from the rear of the container body providing a surface for a user's thumb to rest when the flexible band is in the third position 5. The container according to claim 4, wherein the projection includes a passage therethrough, and wherein the first end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that extends through the passage to allow the flexible band to rotate relative to the projection. 6. The container according to claim 1, wherein the front of the container body includes a slot at a top thereof for receiving a ledge of a painting apparatus to hold the painting apparatus in position when the painting apparatus is in the cavity. 7. The container according to claim 1, wherein the right side and left side each include an inwardly extending portion that extends into the cavity and define a ledge for holding a painting apparatus above a level of the coating material in the cavity. 8. The container according to claim 7, wherein the container body has a width between the inwardly extending portions of the left and right sides proximate the rear of the container body that is less than a width of the container body between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body such that a user can grasp in one hand the left and right sides at the inwardly extending portions to hold the container. 9. The container according to claim 7, wherein the cavity has a width at the inwardly extending portions of the left and rights sides that is less than a width of the cavity between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body. 10. The container according to claim 1, further including a first ear extending from the left side and a second ear extending from the right side, wherein the bail has a first end attached to the first ear and a second end attached to the second ear. 11. The container according to claim 1, further including first and second bars projecting upward from the left and right sides respectively defining regions to wipe coating material on a brush. 12. The container according to claim 1, further comprising a magnet housed in the rear for supporting a brush within the cavity. 13. The container according to claim 1, wherein the bail includes an opening extending therethrough proximate a center of the bail configured to receive a ladder hook. 14. A container for holding a coating material, the container comprising:
a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving a coating material, the right side and left side each including an inwardly extending portion that extends into the cavity and define with one another a ledge for holding a painting apparatus above a level of the coating material in the cavity; a bail attached to the container body; and a flexible band attached to the rear of the container body, the flexible band having a first end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear. 15. The container according to claim 14, wherein the container body has a width between the inwardly extending portions of the left and right sides proximate the rear of the container body that is less than a width of the container body between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body such that a user can grasp in one hand the left and right sides at the inwardly extending portions to hold the container. 16. The container according to claim 14, wherein the cavity has a width at the inwardly extending portions of the left and rights sides that is less than a width of the cavity between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body. 17. The container according to claim 14, wherein the rear of the container includes a slot proximate the bottom of the rear, and wherein the second end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that is disposed in and movable within the slot thereby movably coupling the second end of the flexible band to the rear of the container body. 18. The container according to claim 14, wherein the container body includes a projection projecting rearwardly from the rear of the container body providing a surface for a user's thumb to rest. 19. The container according to claim 14, wherein the flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band. 20. A method for holding a container for a coating material, the container including a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving the coating material, a bail attached to the container body and movable between a first position extending above the cavity, a second position behind the rear, and a third position in front of the front, and a flexible band attached to a rear of the container body and movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance, the method including:
moving the flexible band to the second position adjacent the rear of the container and moving the bail to the second position behind the rear and holding the container body and bail at the rear without interference by the flexible band; or moving the flexible band to the third position and holding the container body and bail at the front; or moving the flexible band to the third position and inserting the user's fingers between the flexible band and the rear of the container body. | Provided is a container having a container body, a bail attached to the container body, and a flexible band attached to a rear of the container body. The flexible band has a first end attached to the rear of the container proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear. The flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band.1. A container comprising:
a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving a coating material; a bail attached to the container body; and a flexible band attached to the rear of the container body, the flexible band having a first end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear, wherein the flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band. 2. The container according to claim 1, wherein the rear of the container includes slots proximate the bottom of the rear, and wherein the second end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that is disposed in and movable within the slots. 3. The container according to claim 2, wherein in the first position the pin is at a bottom of the slot, and in the second and third positions the pin is at the top of the slot. 4. The container according to claim 1, wherein the container body includes a projection projecting rearwardly from the rear of the container body providing a surface for a user's thumb to rest when the flexible band is in the third position 5. The container according to claim 4, wherein the projection includes a passage therethrough, and wherein the first end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that extends through the passage to allow the flexible band to rotate relative to the projection. 6. The container according to claim 1, wherein the front of the container body includes a slot at a top thereof for receiving a ledge of a painting apparatus to hold the painting apparatus in position when the painting apparatus is in the cavity. 7. The container according to claim 1, wherein the right side and left side each include an inwardly extending portion that extends into the cavity and define a ledge for holding a painting apparatus above a level of the coating material in the cavity. 8. The container according to claim 7, wherein the container body has a width between the inwardly extending portions of the left and right sides proximate the rear of the container body that is less than a width of the container body between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body such that a user can grasp in one hand the left and right sides at the inwardly extending portions to hold the container. 9. The container according to claim 7, wherein the cavity has a width at the inwardly extending portions of the left and rights sides that is less than a width of the cavity between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body. 10. The container according to claim 1, further including a first ear extending from the left side and a second ear extending from the right side, wherein the bail has a first end attached to the first ear and a second end attached to the second ear. 11. The container according to claim 1, further including first and second bars projecting upward from the left and right sides respectively defining regions to wipe coating material on a brush. 12. The container according to claim 1, further comprising a magnet housed in the rear for supporting a brush within the cavity. 13. The container according to claim 1, wherein the bail includes an opening extending therethrough proximate a center of the bail configured to receive a ladder hook. 14. A container for holding a coating material, the container comprising:
a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving a coating material, the right side and left side each including an inwardly extending portion that extends into the cavity and define with one another a ledge for holding a painting apparatus above a level of the coating material in the cavity; a bail attached to the container body; and a flexible band attached to the rear of the container body, the flexible band having a first end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a top of the rear and a second end attached to the rear of the container body proximate a bottom of the rear. 15. The container according to claim 14, wherein the container body has a width between the inwardly extending portions of the left and right sides proximate the rear of the container body that is less than a width of the container body between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body such that a user can grasp in one hand the left and right sides at the inwardly extending portions to hold the container. 16. The container according to claim 14, wherein the cavity has a width at the inwardly extending portions of the left and rights sides that is less than a width of the cavity between the left and right sides proximate the front of the container body. 17. The container according to claim 14, wherein the rear of the container includes a slot proximate the bottom of the rear, and wherein the second end of the flexible band is coupled to a pin that is disposed in and movable within the slot thereby movably coupling the second end of the flexible band to the rear of the container body. 18. The container according to claim 14, wherein the container body includes a projection projecting rearwardly from the rear of the container body providing a surface for a user's thumb to rest. 19. The container according to claim 14, wherein the flexible band is movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance to allow the container body and the bail to be grasped at the rear without interference by the flexible band, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance to provide space for a user's hand between the rear of the container body and the flexible band. 20. A method for holding a container for a coating material, the container including a container body having a front, a rear, a right side, a left side, and a bottom that define a cavity for receiving the coating material, a bail attached to the container body and movable between a first position extending above the cavity, a second position behind the rear, and a third position in front of the front, and a flexible band attached to a rear of the container body and movable between a first position spaced a first distance from the rear, a second position spaced a second distance from the rear less than the first distance, and a third position spaced a third distance from the rear greater than the first distance, the method including:
moving the flexible band to the second position adjacent the rear of the container and moving the bail to the second position behind the rear and holding the container body and bail at the rear without interference by the flexible band; or moving the flexible band to the third position and holding the container body and bail at the front; or moving the flexible band to the third position and inserting the user's fingers between the flexible band and the rear of the container body. | 1,600 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.