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341,200 | 16,801,505 | 1,625 | A wheel-based generator of a range extender and recharger for an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising an armature winding, wheel cover, wheel well, tire, permanent magnets, spokes, charge controller and battery bank. This is a frictionless, high efficiency, brushless generator design that utilizes the wheel well and or wheel cover, together with the mechanical energy of the tire itself to create a frictionless brushless generator that will deliver power to the engine directly or can be diverted to the battery bank for recharging. | 1. An electric vehicle generator range extending charging system comprising;
a rotating wheel-based rotor comprising of permanent magnets which are affixed to the wheels, usually by adhering them to the spokes of the wheel; a coiled copper, magnet or enameled wire tightly wound around a sufficiently large armature which is housed in the wheel well/cover, said wheel passes through the wheel well and thus passes through the armature; a charge controller which directs the flow of electricity either to the vehicle or the battery bank. 2. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 1, wherein said device components of the present invention, as generally described could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configuration, the second primary design is such that an electric vehicle range extending charging system comprising;
a rotating wheel-based rotor comprising of tightly wound wire usually around each wheel spoke which are affixed to the wheels; a permanent magnet armature which is housed in the wheel well/cover. The wheel passes through the wheel well and thus passes through the armature; and a charge controller which directs the flow of electricity either to the vehicle or the battery bank. 3. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 1, wherein the rotational energy of the moving vehicle powers the generator such that as the permanent magnets pass through the coil field of the copper wire where electricity is produced said electricity is used to power the vehicle or recharge the battery bank. 4. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 2, wherein the rotational energy of the moving vehicle powers the generator such that as the permanent magnets pass through the coil field of the copper wire where electricity is produced, said electricity is used to power the vehicle or recharge the battery bank. | A wheel-based generator of a range extender and recharger for an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising an armature winding, wheel cover, wheel well, tire, permanent magnets, spokes, charge controller and battery bank. This is a frictionless, high efficiency, brushless generator design that utilizes the wheel well and or wheel cover, together with the mechanical energy of the tire itself to create a frictionless brushless generator that will deliver power to the engine directly or can be diverted to the battery bank for recharging.1. An electric vehicle generator range extending charging system comprising;
a rotating wheel-based rotor comprising of permanent magnets which are affixed to the wheels, usually by adhering them to the spokes of the wheel; a coiled copper, magnet or enameled wire tightly wound around a sufficiently large armature which is housed in the wheel well/cover, said wheel passes through the wheel well and thus passes through the armature; a charge controller which directs the flow of electricity either to the vehicle or the battery bank. 2. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 1, wherein said device components of the present invention, as generally described could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configuration, the second primary design is such that an electric vehicle range extending charging system comprising;
a rotating wheel-based rotor comprising of tightly wound wire usually around each wheel spoke which are affixed to the wheels; a permanent magnet armature which is housed in the wheel well/cover. The wheel passes through the wheel well and thus passes through the armature; and a charge controller which directs the flow of electricity either to the vehicle or the battery bank. 3. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 1, wherein the rotational energy of the moving vehicle powers the generator such that as the permanent magnets pass through the coil field of the copper wire where electricity is produced said electricity is used to power the vehicle or recharge the battery bank. 4. The electric vehicle generator range extending charging system according to claim 2, wherein the rotational energy of the moving vehicle powers the generator such that as the permanent magnets pass through the coil field of the copper wire where electricity is produced, said electricity is used to power the vehicle or recharge the battery bank. | 1,600 |
341,201 | 16,801,528 | 1,625 | Methods and compositions for a rheologically modified well fluid. A method includes combining an amount of a synthetic functionalized additive with an intermediate well fluid composition to form a synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition, and subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition to shear stress for a period of time such that the sythentic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is rheologically modified to produce the rheologically modified well fluid. The synthetic functionalized additive comprises a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group, and the intermediate well fluid composition comprising a water-based continuous phase; | 1. A method of making a rheologically modified well fluid, the method comprising:
combining an amount of a synthetic functionalized additive with an intermediate well fluid composition to form a synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition; the synthetic functionalized additive comprising a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group, and the intermediate well fluid composition comprising a water-based continuous phase; and subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition to shear stress for a period of time such that the sythentic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is rheologically modified to produce the rheologically modified well fluid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional group that is covalently bonded to the synthetic layered magnesium silicate is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate well fluid composition further comprises a polycation component and an anionic surfactant component. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the polycation component is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the anionic surfactant component is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the anionic surfactant component is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time that the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is subjected to shear stress is in the range of 1-300 minutes. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of aging the rheologically modified well fluid at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and a temperature greater than 50° C. for a period of at least one hour. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition includes high-shear mixing the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition. 10. A rheologically modified well fluid composition, the composition comprising:
a water-based fluid; and a synthetic layered magnesium silicate, the synthetic layered magnesium silicate comprising:
a first functionalized silicate layer, the first functionalized silicate layer comprising a tetrahedral silicate layer and a functional group,
an octahedral brucite layer, the octahedral brucite layer comprising magnesium oxide/hydroxide, and
a second functionalized silicate layer, the second functionalized silicate layer comprising the tetrahedral silicate layer and the functional group,
wherein the octahedral brucite layer is positioned between the first functionalized silicate layer and the second functionalized silicate layer; and
a functional group, the functional group covalently bonded to the tetrahedral silicate layer of the first functionalized silicate layer and separately covalently bonded to the tetrahedral silicate layer of the second functionalized silicate layer, wherein the functional group extends from both the first functionalized silicate layer and the second functionalized silicate layer away from the octahedral brucite layer. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition comprises the synthetic layered magnesium silicate in the range of 0.1-25 weight per volume percent (w/v %). 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a cationic component and an anionic surfactant component. 14. The composition of claim 11, wherein the cationic component is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. 15. The composition of claim 11, wherein the anionic surfactant component is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. 16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the alkylbenzene sulfonate comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecyl sulfonate, and combination of the same. 17. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, xanthan gum, and combinations of the same. 18. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a synthetic polymer selected from the group consisting of: amine fatty acid copolymers, amide fatty acid copolymers, acrylates and acrylate copolymers, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and their ionic salts, maleic anhydride and styrene copolymers based polymers, and combinations of the same. 19. A method of drilling a well in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
supplying a rheologically modified well fluid to a drill string, the rheologically modified well fluid comprising a water-based fluid and a synthetic functionalized additive, the synthetic functionalized additive comprising a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group; and operating the drill string such that the rheologically modified well fluid is conducted to a bottom hole assembly having a drill bit, and such that the drill bit drills into the subterranean formation. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the functional group that is covalently bonded to the synthetic layered magnesium silicate is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid further comprises a cationic component and an anionic surfactant component. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cationic component is selected from the group consisting of: partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, copolymers of acrylamide having cationic polymers, and combinations of the same. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the anionic surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sodium salts of fatty acids, alkaline metal salts of fatty acids, alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acids, and combinations of the same. | Methods and compositions for a rheologically modified well fluid. A method includes combining an amount of a synthetic functionalized additive with an intermediate well fluid composition to form a synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition, and subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition to shear stress for a period of time such that the sythentic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is rheologically modified to produce the rheologically modified well fluid. The synthetic functionalized additive comprises a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group, and the intermediate well fluid composition comprising a water-based continuous phase;1. A method of making a rheologically modified well fluid, the method comprising:
combining an amount of a synthetic functionalized additive with an intermediate well fluid composition to form a synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition; the synthetic functionalized additive comprising a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group, and the intermediate well fluid composition comprising a water-based continuous phase; and subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition to shear stress for a period of time such that the sythentic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is rheologically modified to produce the rheologically modified well fluid. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the functional group that is covalently bonded to the synthetic layered magnesium silicate is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate well fluid composition further comprises a polycation component and an anionic surfactant component. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the polycation component is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the anionic surfactant component is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the anionic surfactant component is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time that the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition is subjected to shear stress is in the range of 1-300 minutes. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of aging the rheologically modified well fluid at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and a temperature greater than 50° C. for a period of at least one hour. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of subjecting the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition includes high-shear mixing the synthetic functionalized additive-containing well fluid composition. 10. A rheologically modified well fluid composition, the composition comprising:
a water-based fluid; and a synthetic layered magnesium silicate, the synthetic layered magnesium silicate comprising:
a first functionalized silicate layer, the first functionalized silicate layer comprising a tetrahedral silicate layer and a functional group,
an octahedral brucite layer, the octahedral brucite layer comprising magnesium oxide/hydroxide, and
a second functionalized silicate layer, the second functionalized silicate layer comprising the tetrahedral silicate layer and the functional group,
wherein the octahedral brucite layer is positioned between the first functionalized silicate layer and the second functionalized silicate layer; and
a functional group, the functional group covalently bonded to the tetrahedral silicate layer of the first functionalized silicate layer and separately covalently bonded to the tetrahedral silicate layer of the second functionalized silicate layer, wherein the functional group extends from both the first functionalized silicate layer and the second functionalized silicate layer away from the octahedral brucite layer. 11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition comprises the synthetic layered magnesium silicate in the range of 0.1-25 weight per volume percent (w/v %). 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a cationic component and an anionic surfactant component. 14. The composition of claim 11, wherein the cationic component is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. 15. The composition of claim 11, wherein the anionic surfactant component is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. 16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the alkylbenzene sulfonate comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecyl sulfonate, and combination of the same. 17. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a biopolymer selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar, xanthan gum, and combinations of the same. 18. The composition of claim 8, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid composition further comprises a synthetic polymer selected from the group consisting of: amine fatty acid copolymers, amide fatty acid copolymers, acrylates and acrylate copolymers, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and their ionic salts, maleic anhydride and styrene copolymers based polymers, and combinations of the same. 19. A method of drilling a well in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
supplying a rheologically modified well fluid to a drill string, the rheologically modified well fluid comprising a water-based fluid and a synthetic functionalized additive, the synthetic functionalized additive comprising a synthetic layered magnesium silicate that is covalently bonded to a functional group; and operating the drill string such that the rheologically modified well fluid is conducted to a bottom hole assembly having a drill bit, and such that the drill bit drills into the subterranean formation. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the functional group that is covalently bonded to the synthetic layered magnesium silicate is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups (—OH), amine groups, and combinations of the same. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the rheologically modified well fluid further comprises a cationic component and an anionic surfactant component. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cationic component is selected from the group consisting of: partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, copolymers of acrylamide having cationic polymers, and combinations of the same. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the anionic surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sodium salts of fatty acids, alkaline metal salts of fatty acids, alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acids, and combinations of the same. | 1,600 |
341,202 | 16,801,515 | 1,625 | A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node includes a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The first radiation element is coupled to a first node. The second radiation element is coupled to a second node. The first inductor is coupled between the RF node and the ground voltage. The first capacitor is coupled between the RF node and the first node. The second inductor is coupled between the first node and the second node. The second capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground voltage. The third inductor is coupled between the detection node and the second node. An antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. | 1. A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node, comprising:
a first radiation element, coupled to a first node; a second radiation element, coupled to a second node; a first inductor, coupled between the RF node and a ground voltage; a first capacitor, coupled between the RF node and the first node; a second inductor, coupled between the first node and the second node; a second capacitor, coupled between the second node and the ground voltage; and a third inductor, coupled between the detection node and the second node; wherein an antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. 2. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is adjacent to and separate from the first radiation element, such that the antenna structure is classified as a coupled-fed antenna structure. 3. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first radiation element is a meandering structure. 4. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is a bifurcation structure. 5. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element defines a concave region, and the first radiation element at least partially extends into the concave region. 6. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the second radiation element and the first radiation element, and a width of the coupling gap is shorter than or equal to 2 mm. 7. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure covers a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the first frequency band is from 698 MHz to 760 MHz, and the second frequency band is from 1710 MHz to 2600 MHz. 8. The communication device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a length of the first radiation element is shorter than or equal to 0.25 wavelength of the first frequency band. 9. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inductance of the first inductor is about 82 nH, and an inductance of each of the second inductor and the third inductor is from 180 nH to 220 nH. 10. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacitance of each of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is lower than or equal to 15 pF. | A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node includes a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The first radiation element is coupled to a first node. The second radiation element is coupled to a second node. The first inductor is coupled between the RF node and the ground voltage. The first capacitor is coupled between the RF node and the first node. The second inductor is coupled between the first node and the second node. The second capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground voltage. The third inductor is coupled between the detection node and the second node. An antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element.1. A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node, comprising:
a first radiation element, coupled to a first node; a second radiation element, coupled to a second node; a first inductor, coupled between the RF node and a ground voltage; a first capacitor, coupled between the RF node and the first node; a second inductor, coupled between the first node and the second node; a second capacitor, coupled between the second node and the ground voltage; and a third inductor, coupled between the detection node and the second node; wherein an antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. 2. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is adjacent to and separate from the first radiation element, such that the antenna structure is classified as a coupled-fed antenna structure. 3. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first radiation element is a meandering structure. 4. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is a bifurcation structure. 5. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element defines a concave region, and the first radiation element at least partially extends into the concave region. 6. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the second radiation element and the first radiation element, and a width of the coupling gap is shorter than or equal to 2 mm. 7. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure covers a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the first frequency band is from 698 MHz to 760 MHz, and the second frequency band is from 1710 MHz to 2600 MHz. 8. The communication device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a length of the first radiation element is shorter than or equal to 0.25 wavelength of the first frequency band. 9. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inductance of the first inductor is about 82 nH, and an inductance of each of the second inductor and the third inductor is from 180 nH to 220 nH. 10. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacitance of each of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is lower than or equal to 15 pF. | 1,600 |
341,203 | 16,801,519 | 1,625 | A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node includes a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The first radiation element is coupled to a first node. The second radiation element is coupled to a second node. The first inductor is coupled between the RF node and the ground voltage. The first capacitor is coupled between the RF node and the first node. The second inductor is coupled between the first node and the second node. The second capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground voltage. The third inductor is coupled between the detection node and the second node. An antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. | 1. A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node, comprising:
a first radiation element, coupled to a first node; a second radiation element, coupled to a second node; a first inductor, coupled between the RF node and a ground voltage; a first capacitor, coupled between the RF node and the first node; a second inductor, coupled between the first node and the second node; a second capacitor, coupled between the second node and the ground voltage; and a third inductor, coupled between the detection node and the second node; wherein an antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. 2. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is adjacent to and separate from the first radiation element, such that the antenna structure is classified as a coupled-fed antenna structure. 3. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first radiation element is a meandering structure. 4. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is a bifurcation structure. 5. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element defines a concave region, and the first radiation element at least partially extends into the concave region. 6. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the second radiation element and the first radiation element, and a width of the coupling gap is shorter than or equal to 2 mm. 7. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure covers a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the first frequency band is from 698 MHz to 760 MHz, and the second frequency band is from 1710 MHz to 2600 MHz. 8. The communication device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a length of the first radiation element is shorter than or equal to 0.25 wavelength of the first frequency band. 9. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inductance of the first inductor is about 82 nH, and an inductance of each of the second inductor and the third inductor is from 180 nH to 220 nH. 10. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacitance of each of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is lower than or equal to 15 pF. | A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node includes a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a first inductor, a second inductor, a third inductor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The first radiation element is coupled to a first node. The second radiation element is coupled to a second node. The first inductor is coupled between the RF node and the ground voltage. The first capacitor is coupled between the RF node and the first node. The second inductor is coupled between the first node and the second node. The second capacitor is coupled between the second node and the ground voltage. The third inductor is coupled between the detection node and the second node. An antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element.1. A communication device with an RF (Radio Frequency) node and a detection node, comprising:
a first radiation element, coupled to a first node; a second radiation element, coupled to a second node; a first inductor, coupled between the RF node and a ground voltage; a first capacitor, coupled between the RF node and the first node; a second inductor, coupled between the first node and the second node; a second capacitor, coupled between the second node and the ground voltage; and a third inductor, coupled between the detection node and the second node; wherein an antenna structure and a sensing pad are formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element. 2. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is adjacent to and separate from the first radiation element, such that the antenna structure is classified as a coupled-fed antenna structure. 3. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first radiation element is a meandering structure. 4. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element is a bifurcation structure. 5. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radiation element defines a concave region, and the first radiation element at least partially extends into the concave region. 6. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a coupling gap is formed between the second radiation element and the first radiation element, and a width of the coupling gap is shorter than or equal to 2 mm. 7. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure covers a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the first frequency band is from 698 MHz to 760 MHz, and the second frequency band is from 1710 MHz to 2600 MHz. 8. The communication device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a length of the first radiation element is shorter than or equal to 0.25 wavelength of the first frequency band. 9. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an inductance of the first inductor is about 82 nH, and an inductance of each of the second inductor and the third inductor is from 180 nH to 220 nH. 10. The communication device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacitance of each of the first capacitor and the second capacitor is lower than or equal to 15 pF. | 1,600 |
341,204 | 16,801,529 | 1,625 | A topology processing method, apparatus, and system are provided. The topology processing method includes: obtaining, by a topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network ODN, where the first onsite image includes at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area used to identify the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further includes at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; and identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. | 1. A topology processing method, comprising:
obtaining, by a topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN), wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a device identification area is disposed on the first ODN device, the device identification area identifies the first ODN device, and the first onsite image further comprises an imaging of the device identification area; and the method further comprises:
identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first ODN device based on the device identification area on the first onsite image. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the device identification area indicate at least one of the following information: an identifier of the first ODN device, a port arrangement manner of the first ODN device, a type of the first ODN device, a serial number of the first ODN device, or a production date of the first ODN device. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a second onsite image, wherein the second onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a second port of a first optical network terminal (ONT), and the second port is connected to the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus based on the second onsite image, the second port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a second correspondence between the first ONT, the second port, and the first cable. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a first physical topology based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the method further comprises:
sending, by the topology processing apparatus, the first physical topology to a network management server. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topology processing apparatus is a network management server, and the obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN) comprises:
receiving, by the topology processing apparatus, the first onsite image sent by an onsite terminal, wherein the first onsite image is obtained by the onsite terminal by collecting an onsite image of the ODN. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the method further comprises:
sending, by the topology processing apparatus, the first correspondence to a network management server. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a third onsite image collected from the ODN, wherein the third onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a third port of a second ODN device, and the third port is connected to the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus based on the third onsite image, the third port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a third correspondence between the second ODN device, the third port, and the first cable. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first onsite image further comprises imagings of a plurality of ports of the first ODN device, and the identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable comprises:
identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first port based on a port arrangement manner observed by the plurality of ports and a relative position relationship between the first cable and a port. 11. The method according to claim 5, wherein the topology processing apparatus is a network management server, and the method further comprises:
periodically collecting, by the topology processing apparatus, first status information of the first ONT from the first physical topology; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, status change analysis on the first status information by using a preconfigured logical topology generation algorithm, and generating a first logical topology based on a status change analysis result, wherein the first logical topology comprises a correspondence between the first ODN device, the first cable, and the first ONT; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, comparison analysis between the first physical topology and the first logical topology, and determining, based on a comparison analysis result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first status information comprises performance data of the first ONT or alarm data of the first ONT. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the performing, by the topology processing apparatus, status change analysis on the first status information by using a preconfigured logical topology generation algorithm comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus based on the first status information, a status change feature that is of the first ONT in a first time period; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, similarity cluster analysis on the status change feature of the first ONT in the first time period. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the determining, based on a comparison analysis result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated comprises:
when the comparison analysis result is that the first physical topology and the first logical topology have different correspondences, sending, by the topology processing apparatus, an onsite review instruction, and determining, based on an onsite review result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first ODN device comprises at least one of the following devices: a fiber access terminal, a splitting and splicing closure, an access terminal box, or an optical distribution frame. 16. A topology processing apparatus, wherein the topology processing apparatus comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor and the memory communicate with each other, wherein
the memory is configured to store an instruction; and the processor is configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform: obtaining a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN, wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. 17. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform:
obtaining a second onsite image, wherein the second onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a second port of a first optical network terminal ONT, and the second port is connected to the first cable; identifying, based on the second onsite image, the second port connected to the first cable; and generating a second correspondence between the first ONT, the second port, and the first cable. 18. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the topology processing apparatus further comprises a transmitter that is configured to send the first correspondence to a network management server. 19. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform:
obtaining a third onsite image collected from the ODN, wherein the third onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a third port of a second ODN device, and the third port is connected to the first cable; identifying, based on the third onsite image, the third port connected to the first cable; and generating a third correspondence between the second ODN device, the third port, and the first cable. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer instructions, that when executed by one or more hardware processors, cause the one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN), wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image; identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. | A topology processing method, apparatus, and system are provided. The topology processing method includes: obtaining, by a topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network ODN, where the first onsite image includes at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area used to identify the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further includes at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; and identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable.1. A topology processing method, comprising:
obtaining, by a topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN), wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a device identification area is disposed on the first ODN device, the device identification area identifies the first ODN device, and the first onsite image further comprises an imaging of the device identification area; and the method further comprises:
identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first ODN device based on the device identification area on the first onsite image. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the device identification area indicate at least one of the following information: an identifier of the first ODN device, a port arrangement manner of the first ODN device, a type of the first ODN device, a serial number of the first ODN device, or a production date of the first ODN device. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a second onsite image, wherein the second onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a second port of a first optical network terminal (ONT), and the second port is connected to the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus based on the second onsite image, the second port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a second correspondence between the first ONT, the second port, and the first cable. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method further comprises:
generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a first physical topology based on the first correspondence and the second correspondence. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the method further comprises:
sending, by the topology processing apparatus, the first physical topology to a network management server. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topology processing apparatus is a network management server, and the obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN) comprises:
receiving, by the topology processing apparatus, the first onsite image sent by an onsite terminal, wherein the first onsite image is obtained by the onsite terminal by collecting an onsite image of the ODN. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the method further comprises:
sending, by the topology processing apparatus, the first correspondence to a network management server. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus, a third onsite image collected from the ODN, wherein the third onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a third port of a second ODN device, and the third port is connected to the first cable; identifying, by the topology processing apparatus based on the third onsite image, the third port connected to the first cable; and generating, by the topology processing apparatus, a third correspondence between the second ODN device, the third port, and the first cable. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first onsite image further comprises imagings of a plurality of ports of the first ODN device, and the identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable comprises:
identifying, by the topology processing apparatus, the first port based on a port arrangement manner observed by the plurality of ports and a relative position relationship between the first cable and a port. 11. The method according to claim 5, wherein the topology processing apparatus is a network management server, and the method further comprises:
periodically collecting, by the topology processing apparatus, first status information of the first ONT from the first physical topology; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, status change analysis on the first status information by using a preconfigured logical topology generation algorithm, and generating a first logical topology based on a status change analysis result, wherein the first logical topology comprises a correspondence between the first ODN device, the first cable, and the first ONT; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, comparison analysis between the first physical topology and the first logical topology, and determining, based on a comparison analysis result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first status information comprises performance data of the first ONT or alarm data of the first ONT. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the performing, by the topology processing apparatus, status change analysis on the first status information by using a preconfigured logical topology generation algorithm comprises:
obtaining, by the topology processing apparatus based on the first status information, a status change feature that is of the first ONT in a first time period; and performing, by the topology processing apparatus, similarity cluster analysis on the status change feature of the first ONT in the first time period. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the determining, based on a comparison analysis result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated comprises:
when the comparison analysis result is that the first physical topology and the first logical topology have different correspondences, sending, by the topology processing apparatus, an onsite review instruction, and determining, based on an onsite review result, whether the first physical topology needs to be updated. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first ODN device comprises at least one of the following devices: a fiber access terminal, a splitting and splicing closure, an access terminal box, or an optical distribution frame. 16. A topology processing apparatus, wherein the topology processing apparatus comprises a processor and a memory, and the processor and the memory communicate with each other, wherein
the memory is configured to store an instruction; and the processor is configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform: obtaining a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN, wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image, and identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. 17. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform:
obtaining a second onsite image, wherein the second onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a second port of a first optical network terminal ONT, and the second port is connected to the first cable; identifying, based on the second onsite image, the second port connected to the first cable; and generating a second correspondence between the first ONT, the second port, and the first cable. 18. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the topology processing apparatus is an onsite terminal, and the topology processing apparatus further comprises a transmitter that is configured to send the first correspondence to a network management server. 19. The topology processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instruction in the memory, to perform:
obtaining a third onsite image collected from the ODN, wherein the third onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a third port of a second ODN device, and the third port is connected to the first cable; identifying, based on the third onsite image, the third port connected to the first cable; and generating a third correspondence between the second ODN device, the third port, and the first cable. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer instructions, that when executed by one or more hardware processors, cause the one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a first onsite image collected from an optical distribution network (ODN), wherein the first onsite image comprises at least an imaging of a first port of a first ODN device, the first port is connected to a first cable, a first identification area that identifies the first cable is disposed on the first cable, and the first onsite image further comprises at least an imaging of the first identification area on the first cable; identifying the first cable based on the first identification area on the first onsite image; identifying, based on the first onsite image, the first port connected to the first cable; and generating a first correspondence between the first ODN device, the first port, and the first cable. | 1,600 |
341,205 | 16,801,485 | 1,625 | A method of manufacturing a light source device includes the steps of providing a mask layer to a substrate, providing the mask layer with a plurality of first openings and at least one second opening, and growing columnar parts having a light emitting section from the plurality of first openings, and growing a structure from the second opening. | 1. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, comprising:
providing a mask layer to a substrate; providing the mask layer with a plurality of first openings and at least one second opening; and growing columnar parts having a light emitting section from the plurality of first openings, and growing a structure from the second opening. 2. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the second opening is provided with an annular shape, and the plurality of first openings is formed inside the second opening when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate. 3. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the mask layer is provided with a first portion and a second portion located outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of first openings and the second opening are formed in the first portion, and the second portion is planarized. 4. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, a plurality of the second openings is formed, when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of second openings is formed so as to surround the plurality of first openings, the second openings are formed to have same shapes as shapes of the first openings, and the second openings are formed to have same sizes as sizes of the first openings. 5. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the mask layer is provided with a first portion and a second portion located outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings surrounding the plurality of first openings when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate are formed in the first portion, and the second portion is planarized. 6. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of columnar parts provided to the substrate; and at least one structure provided to the substrate, and having a same layer structure as a layer structure of the columnar parts, wherein the columnar parts have a light emitting section, an electrical current is injected into the columnar parts, and no electrical current is injected into the structure. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
a shape of the structure is an annular shape when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, and the plurality of columnar parts is disposed inside the structure. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a cladding layer provided to the substrate, wherein the cladding layer is provided with a plurality of first openings and a second opening, the columnar parts are provided to the first openings, the structure is provided to the second opening, and the cladding layer includes
a first portion provided with the plurality of first openings and the second opening, and
a second portion which is disposed outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and is flat. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
a plurality of the structures is disposed, when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of structures is disposed so as to surround the plurality of columnar parts, a shape of the structures is same as a shape of the columnar parts, and a size of the structures is same as a size of the columnar parts. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a cladding layer provided to the substrate, wherein the cladding layer is provided with a plurality of first openings and a plurality of second openings, the columnar parts are provided to the first openings, the structures are provided to the second openings, and the cladding layer includes
a first portion provided with the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings surrounding the plurality of first openings when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and
a second portion which is disposed outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and is flat. 11. A projector comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 6. | A method of manufacturing a light source device includes the steps of providing a mask layer to a substrate, providing the mask layer with a plurality of first openings and at least one second opening, and growing columnar parts having a light emitting section from the plurality of first openings, and growing a structure from the second opening.1. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, comprising:
providing a mask layer to a substrate; providing the mask layer with a plurality of first openings and at least one second opening; and growing columnar parts having a light emitting section from the plurality of first openings, and growing a structure from the second opening. 2. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the second opening is provided with an annular shape, and the plurality of first openings is formed inside the second opening when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate. 3. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 2, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the mask layer is provided with a first portion and a second portion located outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of first openings and the second opening are formed in the first portion, and the second portion is planarized. 4. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, a plurality of the second openings is formed, when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of second openings is formed so as to surround the plurality of first openings, the second openings are formed to have same shapes as shapes of the first openings, and the second openings are formed to have same sizes as sizes of the first openings. 5. The method of manufacturing the light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein
in the providing the mask layer with the first openings and the second opening, the mask layer is provided with a first portion and a second portion located outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings surrounding the plurality of first openings when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate are formed in the first portion, and the second portion is planarized. 6. A light emitting device comprising:
a substrate; a plurality of columnar parts provided to the substrate; and at least one structure provided to the substrate, and having a same layer structure as a layer structure of the columnar parts, wherein the columnar parts have a light emitting section, an electrical current is injected into the columnar parts, and no electrical current is injected into the structure. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
a shape of the structure is an annular shape when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, and the plurality of columnar parts is disposed inside the structure. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a cladding layer provided to the substrate, wherein the cladding layer is provided with a plurality of first openings and a second opening, the columnar parts are provided to the first openings, the structure is provided to the second opening, and the cladding layer includes
a first portion provided with the plurality of first openings and the second opening, and
a second portion which is disposed outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and is flat. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 6, wherein
a plurality of the structures is disposed, when viewed from a thickness direction of the substrate, the plurality of structures is disposed so as to surround the plurality of columnar parts, a shape of the structures is same as a shape of the columnar parts, and a size of the structures is same as a size of the columnar parts. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 9, further comprising:
a cladding layer provided to the substrate, wherein the cladding layer is provided with a plurality of first openings and a plurality of second openings, the columnar parts are provided to the first openings, the structures are provided to the second openings, and the cladding layer includes
a first portion provided with the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings surrounding the plurality of first openings when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and
a second portion which is disposed outside the first portion when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and is flat. 11. A projector comprising:
the light emitting device according to claim 6. | 1,600 |
341,206 | 16,801,495 | 1,625 | Disclosed is a car to home service system and a method of setting service time-out thereof for dynamically setting service time-out based on types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle and providing a car to home service based on the set service time-out. | 1. A car to home service system including a service server configured to dynamically set service time-out based on types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle and to provide a car to home service based on the set service time-out. 2. The car to home service system of claim 1, wherein the service server includes a database configured to store and manage an interface device list, a search and control execution list, information on time consumption for each search and control case, and information on time-out setting. 3. The car to home service system of claim 2, wherein the service server combines the types of the devices depending on the number of the devices and classifies a control group using the interface device list. 4. The car to home service system of claim 3, wherein the service server calculates total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group using the search and control execution list and the information on the time consumption for each search and control case and calculates an average and a variance of time consumption for an operation for each control group through normal distribution fitting on the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group. 5. The car to home service system of claim 4, wherein the service server detects and removes a failure case of the search and control execution list and data with time consumption greater than threshold time consumption, as an outlier. 6. The car to home service system of claim 4, wherein the service server sets a time-out rule based on the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group. 7. The car to home service system of claim 6, wherein the time-out rule is a reference variance for determining a range for determining a normal operation of the number of occurrences. 8. The car to home service system of claim 7, wherein the service server sets time-out for each control group based on the time-out rule. 9. The car to home service system of claim 8, wherein the service server sets time-out using the total time consumption for search and control execution to be matched with the reference variance. 10. The car to home service system of claim 1, wherein the service server associates a vehicle user account and an IoT service account with each other and manages the vehicle user account and the IoT service account. 11. A car to home service method comprising:
detecting types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle; dynamically setting service time-out based on the types of the devices and the number of the devices; and providing a car to home service based on setting of the service time-out. 12. The car to home service method of claim 11, wherein the dynamically setting the service time-out includes:
calculating an average and a variance of time consumption for an operation for each control group based on the types of the devices and the number of the devices; and setting time-out for each control group by analyzing the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation. 13. The car to home service method of claim 12, wherein the calculating the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group includes:
combining the types of the devices depending on the number of the devices and classifying a control group using an interface device list pre-stored in a database; calculating total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group using a search and control execution list and information on time consumption for each search and control case, pre-stored in the database; calculating the average and the variance through normal distribution fitting on the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group; and setting a time-out rule based on the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group. 14. The car to home service method of claim 13, wherein the calculating the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group further includes detecting and removing a failure case of the search and control execution list and data with time consumption greater than threshold time consumption, as an outlier. 15. The car to home service method of claim 13, wherein the setting the time-out for each control group includes setting the time-out for each control based on the time-out rule. | Disclosed is a car to home service system and a method of setting service time-out thereof for dynamically setting service time-out based on types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle and providing a car to home service based on the set service time-out.1. A car to home service system including a service server configured to dynamically set service time-out based on types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle and to provide a car to home service based on the set service time-out. 2. The car to home service system of claim 1, wherein the service server includes a database configured to store and manage an interface device list, a search and control execution list, information on time consumption for each search and control case, and information on time-out setting. 3. The car to home service system of claim 2, wherein the service server combines the types of the devices depending on the number of the devices and classifies a control group using the interface device list. 4. The car to home service system of claim 3, wherein the service server calculates total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group using the search and control execution list and the information on the time consumption for each search and control case and calculates an average and a variance of time consumption for an operation for each control group through normal distribution fitting on the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group. 5. The car to home service system of claim 4, wherein the service server detects and removes a failure case of the search and control execution list and data with time consumption greater than threshold time consumption, as an outlier. 6. The car to home service system of claim 4, wherein the service server sets a time-out rule based on the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group. 7. The car to home service system of claim 6, wherein the time-out rule is a reference variance for determining a range for determining a normal operation of the number of occurrences. 8. The car to home service system of claim 7, wherein the service server sets time-out for each control group based on the time-out rule. 9. The car to home service system of claim 8, wherein the service server sets time-out using the total time consumption for search and control execution to be matched with the reference variance. 10. The car to home service system of claim 1, wherein the service server associates a vehicle user account and an IoT service account with each other and manages the vehicle user account and the IoT service account. 11. A car to home service method comprising:
detecting types of devices and the number of the devices with respect to an Internet of things (IoT) device to be remotely controlled in a vehicle; dynamically setting service time-out based on the types of the devices and the number of the devices; and providing a car to home service based on setting of the service time-out. 12. The car to home service method of claim 11, wherein the dynamically setting the service time-out includes:
calculating an average and a variance of time consumption for an operation for each control group based on the types of the devices and the number of the devices; and setting time-out for each control group by analyzing the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation. 13. The car to home service method of claim 12, wherein the calculating the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group includes:
combining the types of the devices depending on the number of the devices and classifying a control group using an interface device list pre-stored in a database; calculating total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group using a search and control execution list and information on time consumption for each search and control case, pre-stored in the database; calculating the average and the variance through normal distribution fitting on the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group; and setting a time-out rule based on the average and the variance of the time consumption for the operation for each control group. 14. The car to home service method of claim 13, wherein the calculating the total time consumption for search and control execution for each control group further includes detecting and removing a failure case of the search and control execution list and data with time consumption greater than threshold time consumption, as an outlier. 15. The car to home service method of claim 13, wherein the setting the time-out for each control group includes setting the time-out for each control based on the time-out rule. | 1,600 |
341,207 | 16,801,487 | 1,625 | Systems and methods for a skill-based games are provided with the present disclosure. A plurality of targets each are displayed and moved about a playfield shown on a display of an amusement system according to one or more non-random, learnable sequences or patterns. Upon receipt of an input at one or more of player controls of a player station of the amusement system, a game play is initiated and an object is directed along the playfield from the player station. If the object engages a target of the plurality of targets, the game play is ended and it is determined whether a threshold criterion for obtainment of the target has been met. An award is distributed to the player station if the threshold criterion for obtainment of the target has been met. Other aspects also are described. | 1. A skill-based, amusement system, comprising:
a plurality of player stations each having a one or more player controls operable to generate inputs for play of a skill-based game presented on a display, a host control system in communication with the plurality of player stations, and including a memory and one or more processors accessing instructions stored in the memory to provide play of the skill-based game on the display, such that the amusement system is configured to:
provide a playfield on the display;
present and direct a series of independently identifiable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random, predictable path based on instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the series of targets associated with different meta or sub-games defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations;
receive a cost for a play of the skill-based game from one or more active player stations;
receive one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and
if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiate a sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets and determine whether one or more of the active player station has obtained an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations can use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to the player greater than 100%. 2. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein targets of the series of targets have a higher difficulty of obtainment than other targets of the series of targets and wherein the targets with the higher difficulty of obtainment are more flashy and/or more agile and provide higher award values than the other targets with a lower difficulty of obtainment. 3. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein the amusement system is further configured to determine whether a threshold criterion for obtaining or capturing one or more engaged targets has been met to determine whether the active player station should receive the award, and if the threshold criterion has been met, initiate a predetermined audio or visual sequence associated with obtainment or capture of the one or more engaged targets and distribute the award to active player station. 4. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 5. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 6. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 5, wherein the power value associated with the one or more objects is modified based upon a volatility enhancement script that increases and/or decreases the power value associated with the one or more objects over time according to recognizable or memorizable patterns or sequences that generally repeat over time. 7. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value and a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 8. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 7, wherein the series of differently identifiable targets are each part of a predefined target class of a plurality of predefined target classes, and wherein the power value associated with the one or more objects is determined based on power values awarded for previously engaged targets that are part of a predefined target class including the one or more engaged targets. 9. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a magnetic joy stick that facilitates directing of the one or more objects about the playfield. 10. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein each player station further has one or more monetary interface peripherals including a bill accepter and a printer. 11. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein each of the series of targets is spawned onto the playfield according to prescribed target spawning sequences based on rules controlling a quantity of targets and a mix of particular target types. 12. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein when a target of the series of targets is engaged by the one or more objects, the target is moved along a secondary, non-random predictable path that is significantly recognizable or independent from the non-random, predictable path. 13. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 12, wherein if the target is engaged by one or more additional targets, the target is moved along an additional, non-random, predictable path or returned to the non-random, predictable path. 14. A method for a skill-based amusement system, comprising:
providing a playfield on a display associated with the skill-based, amusement system; presenting and directing a series of differently identifiable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random, predictable path based on information or instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the plurality of targets associated with different meta or sub-games defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations; receiving one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiating a sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets and determining whether one or more of the active player stations should receive an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations can use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to player of greater than 100%. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining whether a threshold criterion for obtaining or capturing one or more engaged targets has been met to determine whether the active player station should receive the award, and if the threshold criterion has been met, initiating a predetermined audio or visual sequence associated with obtainment or capture of the one or more engaged targets and distributing the award to active player station. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
modifying the power value associated with the one or more objects based on a volatility enhancement script that increases and/or decreases the power value associated with the one or more objects over time according to recognizable or memorizable patterns that generally repeat over time. 19. An amusement system, comprising:
a display for play of a skill-based game thereon; and one or more processors in communication with at least one memory having stored therein program instructions for play of the skill-based game that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the amusement system to:
provide a playfield on the display;
present and direct a plurality of identifiable or recognizable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random path based on information or instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the plurality of targets being associated with different meta or sub-games, each defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations;
receive one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and
if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiate a meta or sub-game associated with the one or more targets and determine whether one or more of the active player station should receive an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to player of greater than 100%. 20. The amusement system of claim 19, further comprising at least one personal electronic device, and wherein the display and at least one of the one or more processors are part of the at least one personal electronic device. 21. The amusement system of claim 20, wherein the at least one personal electronic device includes a smart phone, tablet, or personal computer. 22. The amusement system of claim 19, further comprising:
a cabinet supporting the display, and including a plurality of player stations positioned about the cabinet, each of the player stations operatively linked with the one or more processors and having a plurality of player controls configured to enable play of the skill-based game by players at the player stations. 23. The amusement system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of physical buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a magnetic joy stick to facilitate directing of the one or more objects about the playfield. 24. The amusement system of claim 22, wherein each player station further includes one or more monetary interface peripherals. 25. A skill-based, amusement system, comprising:
a cabinet including a display providing a playfield for displaying a skill-based game, and a plurality of player stations linked to the display, each of the player stations having a plurality of player controls configured to enable play of the skill-based game by players at the player stations; and one or more game control systems including at least one processor that accesses and executes gaming logic instructions stored on one or more corresponding memories to cause the amusement system to:
move a plurality of targets about the playfield according to one or more non-random sequences or patterns, the targets comprising sets of different size, configuration, type, class, and/or color targets;
receive player selected play options for one or more game plays of the skill-based game from at least one active player station of the plurality of player stations;
receive and set a cost for a game play of the skilled-based game from the at least one active player station;
upon receipt of an input responsive to operation of one or more of the plurality of player controls of the at least one active player station, initiating a game play of the skilled-based game and directing an object along the playfield from the player station toward a target of the plurality of targets; and
if the object engages a target, determine whether a threshold criterion for obtaining the target has been met during the gameplay. 26. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system distributes an award to the player station if the threshold criterion for obtaining the target is met. 27. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 28. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 29. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a joy stick that facilitates player direction of the object along the playfield. 30. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein each player station further includes a bill accepter and a printer. 31. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, further comprising sound and lighting features that are activated in response to occurrence of events during play of the skill-based game. 32. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein one or more targets are configured as communal targets for engagement by multiple players for a communal mode gameplay, and wherein the amusement system is configured to:
determine the power level of each communal target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by each player station from which each object engaging the communal target was directed and target engagements by other player stations participating in the communal mode gameplay; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generate an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determine an award for the player station that obtained the target. 33. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein one or more targets are configured as individual mode targets, and wherein the amusement system is configured to:
determine the power level of the target based on a target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which an object engaging the target was directed; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generate an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determine an award to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed. 34. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system further is configured to:
change a feature associated with objects during selected gameplays; determine a feature match by comparing the features of the objects fired to a feature of the target; and if a feature match percentage is at or above a predetermined threshold, providing an award or a bonus to the player station from which the object was directed. 35. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system determines an award for obtainment of the target based on an amount of time remaining on a timer associated with the target. 36. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the skill-based game is subdivided into multiple levels each including unique features, a theme, one or more level-specific targets, special power-ups, and combinations thereof. 37. A method for play of a skill-based game, comprising:
presenting a plurality of differently identifiable targets on a playfield shown on a display of an amusement system; moving or directing each of the plurality of targets about the playfield in accordance with a non-random, identifiable sequence or pattern; setting one or more player selected play options for game plays of the skill-based game at the player station; upon receipt of an input from one or more of the plurality of player controls at the player station, initiating a play of the skilled-based game, including directing one or more objects at one or more of the plurality of targets moving across the playfield from the player station; and if an object engages a target of the plurality of targets, ending the game play and determining whether a threshold criterion for obtaining a target award for the target has been met, wherein players are enabled to increase the award through application of skill to recognize and engage targets with increased award values or bonus values associated therewith. 38. The method of claim 37, further comprising determining whether a power level of the target is at or below a threshold value for obtaining the target. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the object includes a prescribed object value that is deducted from the power level of the target when the object engages the target to determine whether the power level of the target is at or below the threshold value for obtaining the target. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
determining the power level of the target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which the object was directed and hits by other player stations participating in the skill-based game; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generating an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determining awards to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed and additional player stations that directed one or more objects that engaged the target. 41. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
determining the power level of the target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which the object was directed; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generating an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determining an award to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed. 42. The method of claim 37, further comprising
continuously changing a color of an indicator associated with the object; determining a feature match percentage by comparing a current color of the object, when the object engages the target, to a color of the target; and if the feature match percentage is at or above a predetermined threshold, providing a bonus to the player station from which the object was directed. | Systems and methods for a skill-based games are provided with the present disclosure. A plurality of targets each are displayed and moved about a playfield shown on a display of an amusement system according to one or more non-random, learnable sequences or patterns. Upon receipt of an input at one or more of player controls of a player station of the amusement system, a game play is initiated and an object is directed along the playfield from the player station. If the object engages a target of the plurality of targets, the game play is ended and it is determined whether a threshold criterion for obtainment of the target has been met. An award is distributed to the player station if the threshold criterion for obtainment of the target has been met. Other aspects also are described.1. A skill-based, amusement system, comprising:
a plurality of player stations each having a one or more player controls operable to generate inputs for play of a skill-based game presented on a display, a host control system in communication with the plurality of player stations, and including a memory and one or more processors accessing instructions stored in the memory to provide play of the skill-based game on the display, such that the amusement system is configured to:
provide a playfield on the display;
present and direct a series of independently identifiable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random, predictable path based on instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the series of targets associated with different meta or sub-games defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations;
receive a cost for a play of the skill-based game from one or more active player stations;
receive one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and
if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiate a sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets and determine whether one or more of the active player station has obtained an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations can use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to the player greater than 100%. 2. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein targets of the series of targets have a higher difficulty of obtainment than other targets of the series of targets and wherein the targets with the higher difficulty of obtainment are more flashy and/or more agile and provide higher award values than the other targets with a lower difficulty of obtainment. 3. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein the amusement system is further configured to determine whether a threshold criterion for obtaining or capturing one or more engaged targets has been met to determine whether the active player station should receive the award, and if the threshold criterion has been met, initiate a predetermined audio or visual sequence associated with obtainment or capture of the one or more engaged targets and distribute the award to active player station. 4. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 5. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 6. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 5, wherein the power value associated with the one or more objects is modified based upon a volatility enhancement script that increases and/or decreases the power value associated with the one or more objects over time according to recognizable or memorizable patterns or sequences that generally repeat over time. 7. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 3, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value and a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 8. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 7, wherein the series of differently identifiable targets are each part of a predefined target class of a plurality of predefined target classes, and wherein the power value associated with the one or more objects is determined based on power values awarded for previously engaged targets that are part of a predefined target class including the one or more engaged targets. 9. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a magnetic joy stick that facilitates directing of the one or more objects about the playfield. 10. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein each player station further has one or more monetary interface peripherals including a bill accepter and a printer. 11. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein each of the series of targets is spawned onto the playfield according to prescribed target spawning sequences based on rules controlling a quantity of targets and a mix of particular target types. 12. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 1, wherein when a target of the series of targets is engaged by the one or more objects, the target is moved along a secondary, non-random predictable path that is significantly recognizable or independent from the non-random, predictable path. 13. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 12, wherein if the target is engaged by one or more additional targets, the target is moved along an additional, non-random, predictable path or returned to the non-random, predictable path. 14. A method for a skill-based amusement system, comprising:
providing a playfield on a display associated with the skill-based, amusement system; presenting and directing a series of differently identifiable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random, predictable path based on information or instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the plurality of targets associated with different meta or sub-games defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations; receiving one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiating a sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets and determining whether one or more of the active player stations should receive an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations can use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to player of greater than 100%. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
determining whether a threshold criterion for obtaining or capturing one or more engaged targets has been met to determine whether the active player station should receive the award, and if the threshold criterion has been met, initiating a predetermined audio or visual sequence associated with obtainment or capture of the one or more engaged targets and distributing the award to active player station. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
modifying the power value associated with the one or more objects based on a volatility enhancement script that increases and/or decreases the power value associated with the one or more objects over time according to recognizable or memorizable patterns that generally repeat over time. 19. An amusement system, comprising:
a display for play of a skill-based game thereon; and one or more processors in communication with at least one memory having stored therein program instructions for play of the skill-based game that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the amusement system to:
provide a playfield on the display;
present and direct a plurality of identifiable or recognizable targets about the playfield, with each target moving along a non-random path based on information or instructions stored in the memory, and with different ones of the plurality of targets being associated with different meta or sub-games, each defined by a series of game instructions or rules stored in the memory and accessible by players at the player stations;
receive one or more gameplay input signals from one or more player controls of an active player station, and in response, directing one or more objects along the playfield; and
if one or more targets are engaged by the one or more objects, initiate a meta or sub-game associated with the one or more targets and determine whether one or more of the active player station should receive an award based on game rules or instructions related to the sub or meta-game associated with the one or more targets, wherein players at the player stations use strategy or skill to direct objects at select ones of the plurality of targets to achieve a return to player of greater than 100%. 20. The amusement system of claim 19, further comprising at least one personal electronic device, and wherein the display and at least one of the one or more processors are part of the at least one personal electronic device. 21. The amusement system of claim 20, wherein the at least one personal electronic device includes a smart phone, tablet, or personal computer. 22. The amusement system of claim 19, further comprising:
a cabinet supporting the display, and including a plurality of player stations positioned about the cabinet, each of the player stations operatively linked with the one or more processors and having a plurality of player controls configured to enable play of the skill-based game by players at the player stations. 23. The amusement system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of physical buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a magnetic joy stick to facilitate directing of the one or more objects about the playfield. 24. The amusement system of claim 22, wherein each player station further includes one or more monetary interface peripherals. 25. A skill-based, amusement system, comprising:
a cabinet including a display providing a playfield for displaying a skill-based game, and a plurality of player stations linked to the display, each of the player stations having a plurality of player controls configured to enable play of the skill-based game by players at the player stations; and one or more game control systems including at least one processor that accesses and executes gaming logic instructions stored on one or more corresponding memories to cause the amusement system to:
move a plurality of targets about the playfield according to one or more non-random sequences or patterns, the targets comprising sets of different size, configuration, type, class, and/or color targets;
receive player selected play options for one or more game plays of the skill-based game from at least one active player station of the plurality of player stations;
receive and set a cost for a game play of the skilled-based game from the at least one active player station;
upon receipt of an input responsive to operation of one or more of the plurality of player controls of the at least one active player station, initiating a game play of the skilled-based game and directing an object along the playfield from the player station toward a target of the plurality of targets; and
if the object engages a target, determine whether a threshold criterion for obtaining the target has been met during the gameplay. 26. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system distributes an award to the player station if the threshold criterion for obtaining the target is met. 27. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more engaged targets to be at or below a predetermined threshold value. 28. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the threshold criterion requires a power value associated with the one or more objects to equal or be greater than a predefined threshold value for obtaining the one or more engaged targets. 29. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of player controls of each player station comprises a series of buttons assignable to one of a series of gameplay actions, and a joy stick that facilitates player direction of the object along the playfield. 30. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein each player station further includes a bill accepter and a printer. 31. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, further comprising sound and lighting features that are activated in response to occurrence of events during play of the skill-based game. 32. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein one or more targets are configured as communal targets for engagement by multiple players for a communal mode gameplay, and wherein the amusement system is configured to:
determine the power level of each communal target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by each player station from which each object engaging the communal target was directed and target engagements by other player stations participating in the communal mode gameplay; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generate an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determine an award for the player station that obtained the target. 33. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein one or more targets are configured as individual mode targets, and wherein the amusement system is configured to:
determine the power level of the target based on a target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which an object engaging the target was directed; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generate an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determine an award to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed. 34. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system further is configured to:
change a feature associated with objects during selected gameplays; determine a feature match by comparing the features of the objects fired to a feature of the target; and if a feature match percentage is at or above a predetermined threshold, providing an award or a bonus to the player station from which the object was directed. 35. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the amusement system determines an award for obtainment of the target based on an amount of time remaining on a timer associated with the target. 36. The skill-based, amusement system of claim 25, wherein the skill-based game is subdivided into multiple levels each including unique features, a theme, one or more level-specific targets, special power-ups, and combinations thereof. 37. A method for play of a skill-based game, comprising:
presenting a plurality of differently identifiable targets on a playfield shown on a display of an amusement system; moving or directing each of the plurality of targets about the playfield in accordance with a non-random, identifiable sequence or pattern; setting one or more player selected play options for game plays of the skill-based game at the player station; upon receipt of an input from one or more of the plurality of player controls at the player station, initiating a play of the skilled-based game, including directing one or more objects at one or more of the plurality of targets moving across the playfield from the player station; and if an object engages a target of the plurality of targets, ending the game play and determining whether a threshold criterion for obtaining a target award for the target has been met, wherein players are enabled to increase the award through application of skill to recognize and engage targets with increased award values or bonus values associated therewith. 38. The method of claim 37, further comprising determining whether a power level of the target is at or below a threshold value for obtaining the target. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the object includes a prescribed object value that is deducted from the power level of the target when the object engages the target to determine whether the power level of the target is at or below the threshold value for obtaining the target. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
determining the power level of the target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which the object was directed and hits by other player stations participating in the skill-based game; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generating an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determining awards to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed and additional player stations that directed one or more objects that engaged the target. 41. The method of claim 39, further comprising:
determining the power level of the target based on a specific target identifier and an event log that records engagements by the player station from which the object was directed; and if the power level of the target is at or below a threshold level, generating an indicator to indicate that the target has been obtained, and determining an award to be provided to the player station from which the object was directed. 42. The method of claim 37, further comprising
continuously changing a color of an indicator associated with the object; determining a feature match percentage by comparing a current color of the object, when the object engages the target, to a color of the target; and if the feature match percentage is at or above a predetermined threshold, providing a bonus to the player station from which the object was directed. | 1,600 |
341,208 | 16,801,540 | 1,625 | A tactical chemical detector may include a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources and wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate; a power source configured to selectively provide power the light array and the sensor array; and a housing having a first side and a second side and enclosing the light array, the sensor optic, the sensor array, and the power source. | 1. A tactical chemical detector comprising:
a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a power source configured to selectively provide power to the light array and the sensor array; and a housing having a first side and a second side; wherein the housing encloses the light array, the sensor optic, and the sensor array; and wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate. 2. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the sensors comprise nanofiber chemical sensors; and
wherein at least a plurality of nanofibers in at least one sensor have been synthesized with specific functional groups to allow the sensors to interact with particular materials. 3. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising a pump, a first opening in the first side of the housing, and a second opening in the second side of the housing;
wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid through into the tactical chemical detector through the first opening, across the sensor array, and out of the tactical chemical detector through the second opening. 4. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising a hydrophobic material configured to reduce or eliminate the amount of moisture entering the tactical chemical detector;
wherein the first side of housing defines a first opening; and wherein the hydrophobic material at least partially covers the first opening in the housing. 5. The tactical chemical detector of claim 4, further comprising a filter disposed within the one or more housing;
wherein the filter at least partially covers the first opening. 6. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the sensor optic is generally annular;
wherein the sensor optic defines a generally circular opening therethrough; wherein the first side of the housing defines a first opening; wherein the second side of the housing defines a second opening; and wherein the first opening, the second opening, and the opening defined through the sensor optic are generally aligned with one another. 7. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a haptic motor, a piezoelectric element, an alerting light source, and a display panel disposed within the housing and in communication with the sensor array, each operable to generate an alert in the tactical chemical detector. 8. The tactical chemical detector of claim 7, further comprising at least one additional sensor; wherein the at least one additional sensor is configured to detect at least one of oxygen levels, carbon monoxide levels, ethylene oxide, and lower explosive limits of explosive vapors. 9. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from the light sources; and
wherein each of the plurality of sensors is in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources via at least one of the plurality of optic elements. 10. A sensing assembly comprising:
a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; and a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors disposed on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate of the sensor array. 11. The sensing assembly of claim 10, further comprising at least one mixing baffle disposed on the sensor optic and configured to direct a fluid over at least one of the plurality of sensors. 12. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the plurality of sensors are arranged in proximity to one another on the substrate in a generally circular arrangement; and
wherein a plurality of vent openings are disposed around an outer perimeter of the sensors. 13. The sensing assembly of claim 12, wherein each of the sensors is associated with at least one vent opening. 14. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor optic is generally annular in shape;
wherein the sensor optic comprises a collector side configured to accept the light array and an emitter side comprising a plurality of mixing baffles; and wherein a plurality of optic elements extends through sensor optic between collector side and emitter side. 15. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensors are nanofiber-based chemical sensors. 16. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from the light sources; and
wherein each of the plurality of sensors is in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources via at least one of the plurality of optic elements. 17. A sensor optic having a collector side and an emitter side, the sensor optic comprising:
at least one mixing baffle disposed on the emitter side; and a plurality of optic elements extending through sensor optic from collector side to emitter side; wherein the sensor optic may be generally annular in shape; wherein sensor optic defines an opening extending therethrough; and wherein the optic elements are disposed around the opening. 18. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the collector side of the sensor optic is configured to accept a light array comprising at least one light source; and
wherein each optic element is in optical communication with a light source. 19. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the at least one mixing baffle extends generally from a position proximate the opening toward an outer perimeter of the sensor optic. 20. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the plurality of optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from light sources. | A tactical chemical detector may include a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources and wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate; a power source configured to selectively provide power the light array and the sensor array; and a housing having a first side and a second side and enclosing the light array, the sensor optic, the sensor array, and the power source.1. A tactical chemical detector comprising:
a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; a power source configured to selectively provide power to the light array and the sensor array; and a housing having a first side and a second side; wherein the housing encloses the light array, the sensor optic, and the sensor array; and wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate. 2. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the sensors comprise nanofiber chemical sensors; and
wherein at least a plurality of nanofibers in at least one sensor have been synthesized with specific functional groups to allow the sensors to interact with particular materials. 3. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising a pump, a first opening in the first side of the housing, and a second opening in the second side of the housing;
wherein the pump is configured to pump fluid through into the tactical chemical detector through the first opening, across the sensor array, and out of the tactical chemical detector through the second opening. 4. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising a hydrophobic material configured to reduce or eliminate the amount of moisture entering the tactical chemical detector;
wherein the first side of housing defines a first opening; and wherein the hydrophobic material at least partially covers the first opening in the housing. 5. The tactical chemical detector of claim 4, further comprising a filter disposed within the one or more housing;
wherein the filter at least partially covers the first opening. 6. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the sensor optic is generally annular;
wherein the sensor optic defines a generally circular opening therethrough; wherein the first side of the housing defines a first opening; wherein the second side of the housing defines a second opening; and wherein the first opening, the second opening, and the opening defined through the sensor optic are generally aligned with one another. 7. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, further comprising at least one of a haptic motor, a piezoelectric element, an alerting light source, and a display panel disposed within the housing and in communication with the sensor array, each operable to generate an alert in the tactical chemical detector. 8. The tactical chemical detector of claim 7, further comprising at least one additional sensor; wherein the at least one additional sensor is configured to detect at least one of oxygen levels, carbon monoxide levels, ethylene oxide, and lower explosive limits of explosive vapors. 9. The tactical chemical detector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from the light sources; and
wherein each of the plurality of sensors is in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources via at least one of the plurality of optic elements. 10. A sensing assembly comprising:
a light array comprising a plurality of light sources; a sensor optic comprising a plurality of optic elements, each optic element in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; and a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensors disposed on a substrate, each sensor in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources; wherein at least one vent opening extends through the substrate of the sensor array. 11. The sensing assembly of claim 10, further comprising at least one mixing baffle disposed on the sensor optic and configured to direct a fluid over at least one of the plurality of sensors. 12. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the plurality of sensors are arranged in proximity to one another on the substrate in a generally circular arrangement; and
wherein a plurality of vent openings are disposed around an outer perimeter of the sensors. 13. The sensing assembly of claim 12, wherein each of the sensors is associated with at least one vent opening. 14. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor optic is generally annular in shape;
wherein the sensor optic comprises a collector side configured to accept the light array and an emitter side comprising a plurality of mixing baffles; and wherein a plurality of optic elements extends through sensor optic between collector side and emitter side. 15. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensors are nanofiber-based chemical sensors. 16. The sensing assembly of claim 10, wherein the optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from the light sources; and
wherein each of the plurality of sensors is in optical communication with one of the plurality of light sources via at least one of the plurality of optic elements. 17. A sensor optic having a collector side and an emitter side, the sensor optic comprising:
at least one mixing baffle disposed on the emitter side; and a plurality of optic elements extending through sensor optic from collector side to emitter side; wherein the sensor optic may be generally annular in shape; wherein sensor optic defines an opening extending therethrough; and wherein the optic elements are disposed around the opening. 18. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the collector side of the sensor optic is configured to accept a light array comprising at least one light source; and
wherein each optic element is in optical communication with a light source. 19. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the at least one mixing baffle extends generally from a position proximate the opening toward an outer perimeter of the sensor optic. 20. The sensor optic of claim 17, wherein the plurality of optic elements are configured to generally collimate light from light sources. | 1,600 |
341,209 | 16,801,535 | 1,625 | An image output device outputs a periphery image of a vehicle to a display; acquires a capture image of the periphery; acquires detection information of the periphery; determines an accuracy factor of detection of each object; calculates a position of the object in the capture image; determines whether objects overlap with each other in the capture image; and sets an image transmission region to at least a part of a region displaying a first object disposed on a near side among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image, generates the periphery image for visually confirming a second object disposed on a far side of the first object, and changes a transmittance defined in the image transmission region higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object is higher. | 1. An image output device that outputs a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to a display device in the vehicle having an imaging unit that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detection unit that is arranged on a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imaging unit and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the image output device comprising:
an image acquisition unit that acquires a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit; a detection information acquisition unit that acquires detection information of each object detected by the detection unit; a accuracy factor determination unit that determines an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information; a position calculation unit that calculates a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information; an overlap determination unit that determines whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the position calculation unit; and an image processing unit that:
sets an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image;
generates the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and
changes a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. 2. The video output device according to claim 1, wherein:
the detection information acquisition unit acquires position information of the object detected by the detection unit, which includes at least one of a radar, a lidar, and a sonar, as the detection information; and the position calculation unit calculates the position of the object in the capture image based on the position information. 3. The video output device according to claim 2, wherein:
the accuracy factor determination unit determines the accuracy factor to be higher as a numerical number of detection times of the second object detected by the detection unit increases. 4. The video output device according to claim 3, wherein:
the image processing unit changes a rising ratio of the transmittance with respect to an increase of the numerical number of detection times to be larger as a distance to the second object detected by the detection unit decreases. 5. The video output device according to claim 2, wherein:
the accuracy factor determination unit determines the accuracy factor to be higher as a distance to the second object detected by the detection unit decreases. 6. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an object tracking unit that tracks the second object based on the detection information and calculates a moving direction of the second object, wherein: the image processing unit displays a vector image indicating the moving direction of the second object on the periphery image. 7. The video output device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an approach determination unit that determines whether the second object approaches the vehicle based on a tracking result of the object tracking unit, wherein: the image processing unit controls the image transmission region of the first object overlapping with the second object to be transmissive only when the second object approaches the vehicle. 8. The video output device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a movement estimation unit that estimates a future movement path of the vehicle based on state information indicating a movement state of the vehicle, wherein:
the object tracking unit estimates a future movement path of the second object based on a tracking result of the second object; and
the image processing unit controls the image transmission region of the first object overlapping with the second object to be transmissive only when the future movement path of the vehicle and the future movement path of the second object intersect with each other. 9. The video output device according to claim 6, wherein:
the image processing unit changes a display feature of the vector image in accordance with the movement state of the second object calculated by the object tracking unit. 10. The video output device according to claim 6, wherein:
the object tracking unit estimates a current position of a tracked object based on a tracking history when the detection information indicating the tracked object is not acquired due to an obstruction disposed between the vehicle and the tracked object; and the image processing unit sets the image transmission region, in which the transmittance is defined, at the current position of the tracked object estimated by the object tracking unit, and generates the periphery image in which the tracked object disposed on a far side of the obstruction is visible. 11. The video output device according to claim 10, wherein:
the image processing unit decreases the transmittance of the image transmission region as an elapsed time increases after the detection information indicating the tracked object is not acquired. 12. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an object identification unit that identifies a type of the second object based on the detection information, wherein: the image processing unit superimposes an object image, corresponding to an identification result of the object identification unit, on the image transmission region. 13. The video output device according to claim 12, wherein:
the image processing unit superimposes an abstracted object image on the image transmission region when the type of the second object is not determined by the object identification unit. 14. The video output device according to claim 1, wherein:
the image processing unit generates a background image providing a background of the second object based on at least one of the capture image and the detection information, and superimposes the background image on the image transmission region. 15. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a map information acquisition unit that acquires map data of a region in the capture image, wherein: the image processing unit generates a background image providing a background of the second object based on the map data, and superimposes the background image on the image transmission region. 16. A non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium including instructions for causing a computer to function as an image output device for generating a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to be output to a display device in the vehicle having an imaging unit that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detection unit that is arranged in a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imaging unit and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the instructions comprising:
acquiring a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit; acquiring detection information of each object detected by the detection unit; determining an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information; calculating a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information; determining whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the calculating of the position of each object; and setting an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image; generating the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and changing a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. 17. An image output device that outputs a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to a display in the vehicle having an imager that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detector that is arranged on a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imager and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the image output device comprising:
a processor configured to:
acquire a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit;
acquire detection information of each object detected by the detection unit;
determine an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information;
calculate a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information;
determine whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the position calculation unit; and
set an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image;
generate the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and
change a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. | An image output device outputs a periphery image of a vehicle to a display; acquires a capture image of the periphery; acquires detection information of the periphery; determines an accuracy factor of detection of each object; calculates a position of the object in the capture image; determines whether objects overlap with each other in the capture image; and sets an image transmission region to at least a part of a region displaying a first object disposed on a near side among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image, generates the periphery image for visually confirming a second object disposed on a far side of the first object, and changes a transmittance defined in the image transmission region higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object is higher.1. An image output device that outputs a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to a display device in the vehicle having an imaging unit that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detection unit that is arranged on a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imaging unit and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the image output device comprising:
an image acquisition unit that acquires a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit; a detection information acquisition unit that acquires detection information of each object detected by the detection unit; a accuracy factor determination unit that determines an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information; a position calculation unit that calculates a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information; an overlap determination unit that determines whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the position calculation unit; and an image processing unit that:
sets an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image;
generates the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and
changes a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. 2. The video output device according to claim 1, wherein:
the detection information acquisition unit acquires position information of the object detected by the detection unit, which includes at least one of a radar, a lidar, and a sonar, as the detection information; and the position calculation unit calculates the position of the object in the capture image based on the position information. 3. The video output device according to claim 2, wherein:
the accuracy factor determination unit determines the accuracy factor to be higher as a numerical number of detection times of the second object detected by the detection unit increases. 4. The video output device according to claim 3, wherein:
the image processing unit changes a rising ratio of the transmittance with respect to an increase of the numerical number of detection times to be larger as a distance to the second object detected by the detection unit decreases. 5. The video output device according to claim 2, wherein:
the accuracy factor determination unit determines the accuracy factor to be higher as a distance to the second object detected by the detection unit decreases. 6. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an object tracking unit that tracks the second object based on the detection information and calculates a moving direction of the second object, wherein: the image processing unit displays a vector image indicating the moving direction of the second object on the periphery image. 7. The video output device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an approach determination unit that determines whether the second object approaches the vehicle based on a tracking result of the object tracking unit, wherein: the image processing unit controls the image transmission region of the first object overlapping with the second object to be transmissive only when the second object approaches the vehicle. 8. The video output device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a movement estimation unit that estimates a future movement path of the vehicle based on state information indicating a movement state of the vehicle, wherein:
the object tracking unit estimates a future movement path of the second object based on a tracking result of the second object; and
the image processing unit controls the image transmission region of the first object overlapping with the second object to be transmissive only when the future movement path of the vehicle and the future movement path of the second object intersect with each other. 9. The video output device according to claim 6, wherein:
the image processing unit changes a display feature of the vector image in accordance with the movement state of the second object calculated by the object tracking unit. 10. The video output device according to claim 6, wherein:
the object tracking unit estimates a current position of a tracked object based on a tracking history when the detection information indicating the tracked object is not acquired due to an obstruction disposed between the vehicle and the tracked object; and the image processing unit sets the image transmission region, in which the transmittance is defined, at the current position of the tracked object estimated by the object tracking unit, and generates the periphery image in which the tracked object disposed on a far side of the obstruction is visible. 11. The video output device according to claim 10, wherein:
the image processing unit decreases the transmittance of the image transmission region as an elapsed time increases after the detection information indicating the tracked object is not acquired. 12. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an object identification unit that identifies a type of the second object based on the detection information, wherein: the image processing unit superimposes an object image, corresponding to an identification result of the object identification unit, on the image transmission region. 13. The video output device according to claim 12, wherein:
the image processing unit superimposes an abstracted object image on the image transmission region when the type of the second object is not determined by the object identification unit. 14. The video output device according to claim 1, wherein:
the image processing unit generates a background image providing a background of the second object based on at least one of the capture image and the detection information, and superimposes the background image on the image transmission region. 15. The video output device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a map information acquisition unit that acquires map data of a region in the capture image, wherein: the image processing unit generates a background image providing a background of the second object based on the map data, and superimposes the background image on the image transmission region. 16. A non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium including instructions for causing a computer to function as an image output device for generating a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to be output to a display device in the vehicle having an imaging unit that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detection unit that is arranged in a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imaging unit and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the instructions comprising:
acquiring a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit; acquiring detection information of each object detected by the detection unit; determining an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information; calculating a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information; determining whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the calculating of the position of each object; and setting an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image; generating the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and changing a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. 17. An image output device that outputs a periphery image of a periphery of a vehicle to a display in the vehicle having an imager that images the periphery of the vehicle and a detector that is arranged on a traveling direction side of the vehicle with respect to the imager and detects a plurality of objects in the periphery of the vehicle, the image output device comprising:
a processor configured to:
acquire a capture image of the periphery which is captured by the imaging unit;
acquire detection information of each object detected by the detection unit;
determine an accuracy factor of detection of each object based on the detection information;
calculate a position of each object in the capture image based on the detection information;
determine whether the objects overlap with each other in the capture image based on a calculation result of the position calculation unit; and
set an image transmission region in at least a part of a region in which a first object is to be displayed, the first object being disposed on a near side of the vehicle among the objects determined to overlap with each other in the capture image;
generate the periphery image in which a second object disposed on a far side of the vehicle with respect to the first object is visible; and
change a transmittance defined in the image transmission region to be higher as the accuracy factor of the detection of the second object becomes higher. | 1,600 |
341,210 | 16,801,546 | 1,625 | The present invention relates to liquid formulations of Fosaprepitant intended for parenteral administration. Further the invention also describes process for preparing such formulations. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising
(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation; (ii) one or more chelating agents, wherein each are individually present from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation; (iii) one or more stabilizing agents; (iv) one or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents; (v) one or more solvents; and optionally; and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; 10. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein after storage at 2-8° C. for at least 1 month, the concentration of aprepitant is not more than 10%. 11. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof. 12. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein one or more stabilizing agents selected from surfactants and cyclodextrins. 13. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is selected from polysorbates, polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters. 14. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from α, β and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD). 15. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein pH adjusting agents and buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid. 16. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising:
(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine; (ii) one or more stabilizing agents selected from polysorbates and β-cyclodextrins; and (iii) a pH ranging from 7 to 13. 17. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 wherein the fosaprepitant dimeglumine is present from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation. 18. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more chelating agents at a concentration from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation. 19. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 18, wherein the one or more chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof. 20. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents. 21. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 wherein the one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid. 22. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more solvents. 23. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine. 24. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more tonicity modifiers. 25. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters. 26. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing cyclodextrins selected from α and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD). | The present invention relates to liquid formulations of Fosaprepitant intended for parenteral administration. Further the invention also describes process for preparing such formulations.1-8. (canceled) 9. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising
(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation; (ii) one or more chelating agents, wherein each are individually present from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation; (iii) one or more stabilizing agents; (iv) one or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents; (v) one or more solvents; and optionally; and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; 10. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein after storage at 2-8° C. for at least 1 month, the concentration of aprepitant is not more than 10%. 11. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof. 12. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein one or more stabilizing agents selected from surfactants and cyclodextrins. 13. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is selected from polysorbates, polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters. 14. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from α, β and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD). 15. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12, wherein pH adjusting agents and buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid. 16. A stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of fosaprepitant comprising:
(i) fosaprepitant dimeglumine; (ii) one or more stabilizing agents selected from polysorbates and β-cyclodextrins; and (iii) a pH ranging from 7 to 13. 17. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 wherein the fosaprepitant dimeglumine is present from approximately 0.1% to 15% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation. 18. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more chelating agents at a concentration from approximately 0.01% to approximately 5% w/w based on the total weight of the formulation. 19. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 18, wherein the one or more chelating agents are selected from EDTA, DTPA, DOTA and salts thereof. 20. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents. 21. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 wherein the one or more pH adjusting agents and/or buffering agents are selected from phosphate buffer, citrate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tartrate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, borate, glutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and carbonic acid, alkali or alkaline earth salt of one of these acids, Tris, histidine, meglumine, amino acids, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and citric acid. 22. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more solvents. 23. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, glycine, histidine and lysine. 24. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising one or more tonicity modifiers. 25. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing surfactants selected from polyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters (e.g. Tweens), polyoxyethylated vegetable oil, polyethoxylated castor oil and sucrose fatty acid esters. 26. The stable, liquid parenteral pharmaceutical formulation of claim 16 further comprising additional stabilizing cyclodextrins selected from α and γ-cyclodextrin and cyclodextrins modified with alkyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, dialkyl-, and sulfoalkyl-ether modified cyclodextrins such as methyl or hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrins (HPβCD), sulfoalkylether-substituted beta-cyclodextrin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD). | 1,600 |
341,211 | 16,801,550 | 3,629 | A system to generate digital responses to the customer query is disclosed. The system includes a customer interaction subsystem to receive one or more customer queries from a customer. The system also includes a multitask profiler subsystem operatively coupled to the customer interaction subsystem. The multitask profiler subsystem generates at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries. The system further includes a profile mapping subsystem operatively coupled to the multitask profiler subsystem. The profile mapping subsystem stores relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. | 1. A system to generate one or more digital responses to one or more customer queries comprising:
a customer interaction subsystem configured to receive one or more customer queries from a customer; a multitask profiler subsystem operatively coupled to the customer interaction subsystem, wherein the multitask profiler subsystem is configured to generate at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries; and a profile mapping subsystem operatively coupled to the multitask profiler subsystem, wherein the profile mapping subsystem is configured to store relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more customer queries comprises text or voice of customer interaction. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least three machine-readable profiles comprises a machine-readable customer profile, a machine-readable product profile and a machine-readable issue profile. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least three human readable profiles comprises a human readable customer profile, a human readable product profile and a human readable issue profile. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising an assistance engine operatively coupled to the profile mapping subsystem and the multitask profiler subsystem, wherein the assistance engine is configured to generate the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries based on relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the relation comprises mapping of a historic assistance action and the at least three machine-readable profiles. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the historic assistance actions are derived based on training data, wherein the training data comprises proprietary data, public data and augmented data. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the one or more digital responses comprises text of a chat session, web content, email, a voice call or a voice message or short messaging service content. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, by a customer interaction subsystem, one or more customer queries from a customer; generating, by a multitask profiler subsystem, at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries; and storing, by a profile mapping subsystem, relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating, by an assistance engine, the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries based on relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries by mapping relation between a historic assistance action and the at least three machine-readable profiles. | A system to generate digital responses to the customer query is disclosed. The system includes a customer interaction subsystem to receive one or more customer queries from a customer. The system also includes a multitask profiler subsystem operatively coupled to the customer interaction subsystem. The multitask profiler subsystem generates at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries. The system further includes a profile mapping subsystem operatively coupled to the multitask profiler subsystem. The profile mapping subsystem stores relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other.1. A system to generate one or more digital responses to one or more customer queries comprising:
a customer interaction subsystem configured to receive one or more customer queries from a customer; a multitask profiler subsystem operatively coupled to the customer interaction subsystem, wherein the multitask profiler subsystem is configured to generate at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries; and a profile mapping subsystem operatively coupled to the multitask profiler subsystem, wherein the profile mapping subsystem is configured to store relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more customer queries comprises text or voice of customer interaction. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least three machine-readable profiles comprises a machine-readable customer profile, a machine-readable product profile and a machine-readable issue profile. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least three human readable profiles comprises a human readable customer profile, a human readable product profile and a human readable issue profile. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising an assistance engine operatively coupled to the profile mapping subsystem and the multitask profiler subsystem, wherein the assistance engine is configured to generate the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries based on relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the relation comprises mapping of a historic assistance action and the at least three machine-readable profiles. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the historic assistance actions are derived based on training data, wherein the training data comprises proprietary data, public data and augmented data. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the one or more digital responses comprises text of a chat session, web content, email, a voice call or a voice message or short messaging service content. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, by a customer interaction subsystem, one or more customer queries from a customer; generating, by a multitask profiler subsystem, at least three human readable profiles and at least three machine-readable profiles based on the one or more customer queries; and storing, by a profile mapping subsystem, relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating, by an assistance engine, the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries based on relation of each of the at least three machine readable profiles with each other. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein generating the one or more digital responses for a digital assistant to respond to the one or more customer queries by mapping relation between a historic assistance action and the at least three machine-readable profiles. | 3,600 |
341,212 | 16,801,536 | 2,883 | Present disclosure provides a method for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers using first coating layer and magnetic coating layer. The method of the present disclosure includes the step of coating of each of the plurality of optical fibers with a first coating layer and the step of coating of each of the plurality of optical fibers with a magnetic coating layer. Further, the method includes the step of applying magnetic field over the plurality of optical fibers for grouping of the plurality of optical fibers in a predefined manner. Furthermore, the first coating layer serves as a shock absorber to protect the plurality of optical fibers from physical damage. | 1. A method for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers is coated with a magnetic coating layer, the method comprising:
applying magnetic field to the plurality of optical fibers to arrange the plurality of optical fibers in a predefined arrangement. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein magnetic coating layer consists of magnetic material properties and after coating fibers with magnetic coating later, all the fibers are placed in one plane where adjacent fibers attract each other to form a ribbon-like structure. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein at the time of splicing, a magnetic generator at cable termination magnetizes splice holder for grouping fibers together which in turn leads to better efficiency and reliability of the magnetic bonds between any two adjacent fibers. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field applied for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers is in range of about 0.05 tesla to 60 tesla. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is applied to the plurality of optical fibers to arrange the plurality of optical fibers in the predefined order. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein grouping of the plurality of optical fibers in the predefined manner signifies arranging the plurality of optical fibers in parallel. 9. An optical fiber comprising:
a core; a cladding, wherein the cladding surrounds the core; and a magnetic coating layer, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink. 10. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein optical fiber further comprises:
at least one of a first coating layer, and the magnetic coating layer, wherein the first coating layer is coated over the cladding, wherein the magnetic coating layer surrounds the first coating layer. 11. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the first coating layer is coated with magnetic ink. 12. The optical fiber as recited claim 9, wherein magnetic ink is made of one of iron oxide, ferrous material, an aqueous MICR inkjet ink, traces of dia, para and ferro magnetic substances. 13. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 14. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. 15. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the magnetic coating layer is defined by high dispersion and high magneto-electric response. 16. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the magnetic coating layer facilitates identification of the optical fiber without any extra color coating layer. 17. An optical fiber comprising:
a core; a cladding, wherein the cladding surrounds the core; and a magnetic coating layer over the cladding, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink. 18. The optical fiber as recited claim 17, wherein magnetic ink has one of iron oxide, ferrous material, an aqueous MICR inkjet ink, traces of dia, para and ferro magnetic substances. 19. The optical fiber as recited in claim 17, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 20. The optical fiber as recited in claim 17, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. | Present disclosure provides a method for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers using first coating layer and magnetic coating layer. The method of the present disclosure includes the step of coating of each of the plurality of optical fibers with a first coating layer and the step of coating of each of the plurality of optical fibers with a magnetic coating layer. Further, the method includes the step of applying magnetic field over the plurality of optical fibers for grouping of the plurality of optical fibers in a predefined manner. Furthermore, the first coating layer serves as a shock absorber to protect the plurality of optical fibers from physical damage.1. A method for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers is coated with a magnetic coating layer, the method comprising:
applying magnetic field to the plurality of optical fibers to arrange the plurality of optical fibers in a predefined arrangement. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein magnetic coating layer consists of magnetic material properties and after coating fibers with magnetic coating later, all the fibers are placed in one plane where adjacent fibers attract each other to form a ribbon-like structure. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein at the time of splicing, a magnetic generator at cable termination magnetizes splice holder for grouping fibers together which in turn leads to better efficiency and reliability of the magnetic bonds between any two adjacent fibers. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field applied for grouping of a plurality of optical fibers is in range of about 0.05 tesla to 60 tesla. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is applied to the plurality of optical fibers to arrange the plurality of optical fibers in the predefined order. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein grouping of the plurality of optical fibers in the predefined manner signifies arranging the plurality of optical fibers in parallel. 9. An optical fiber comprising:
a core; a cladding, wherein the cladding surrounds the core; and a magnetic coating layer, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink. 10. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein optical fiber further comprises:
at least one of a first coating layer, and the magnetic coating layer, wherein the first coating layer is coated over the cladding, wherein the magnetic coating layer surrounds the first coating layer. 11. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the first coating layer is coated with magnetic ink. 12. The optical fiber as recited claim 9, wherein magnetic ink is made of one of iron oxide, ferrous material, an aqueous MICR inkjet ink, traces of dia, para and ferro magnetic substances. 13. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 14. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. 15. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the magnetic coating layer is defined by high dispersion and high magneto-electric response. 16. The optical fiber as recited in claim 9, wherein the magnetic coating layer facilitates identification of the optical fiber without any extra color coating layer. 17. An optical fiber comprising:
a core; a cladding, wherein the cladding surrounds the core; and a magnetic coating layer over the cladding, wherein the magnetic coating layer has magnetic ink. 18. The optical fiber as recited claim 17, wherein magnetic ink has one of iron oxide, ferrous material, an aqueous MICR inkjet ink, traces of dia, para and ferro magnetic substances. 19. The optical fiber as recited in claim 17, wherein thickness of the magnetic coating layer is in range of about 10 microns to 70 microns. 20. The optical fiber as recited in claim 17, wherein composition of magnetic ink is about 10% to 20% of magnetic iron oxide by weight with pigment dispersion and dopants. | 2,800 |
341,213 | 16,801,539 | 2,883 | A warning zone system and method is disclosed. The warning zone system can comprise an object detection system, a zone configuration system, and an electronic data processor. The object detection system is arranged on a work vehicle and is configured to detect and classify one or more object obstructions located at a worksite. The zone configuration system is configured to associate position data with the one or more object obstructions and generate object models of the object obstructions based on the associated position data. The electronic data processor is communicatively coupled to each of the object detection system and the zone configuration system and is configured to generate and associate warning zones with each of the object models for display on a user display in near real-time. | 1. A warning zone system for a work vehicle, the warning zone system comprising:
an object detection system arranged on a work vehicle, wherein the object detection system is configured to detect and classify one or more object obstructions located at a worksite; a zone configuration system, wherein the zone configuration system is configured to associate position data with the one or more object obstructions, and generate object models of the object obstructions based on the associated position data; and an electronic data processor communicatively coupled to each of the object detection system and the zone configuration system, wherein the electronic data processor is configured to generate and associate warning zones with the object models for display on a user display in substantially real-time. 2. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the object obstructions are classified based on a plurality of object characteristics. 3. The warning zone system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of object characteristics comprises one or more of the following: object type, object size, object location, or combinations thereof. 4. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the electronic data processor is further configured to generate one or more warning alerts for display on the user display when the work vehicle is arranged proximate the warning zones. 5. The warning zone system of claim 4, wherein the electronic data processor is configured to generate a control signal to inhibit an operation of the work vehicle based on the one or more warning alerts. 6. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the warning zones are manually generated by an operator via the user display. 7. The warning zone system of claim 6, wherein manual generation of the warning zones comprises manual selection of a plurality of points around the object models by an operator for storage in a database. 8. The warning zone system of claim 6, wherein manual generation of the warning zones includes addition of metadata or image layers to the object models by the operator. 9. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the object detection system comprises at least one imaging device including one or more of the following: a camera, infrared imaging device, video recorder, lidar, radar, ultrasonic, stereo camera, or combinations thereof. 10. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the position data is received from a location determining receiver. 11. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the zone configuration system is further configured to generate the object models based on a comparative assessment of the object models to previously stored maps or models in a database. 12. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the zone configuration system associates position data of a blade assembly with the one or more object obstructions. 13. A method, the method comprising:
capturing at least one image of an object obstruction arranged in a worksite; classifying the object obstruction based on a plurality of object characteristics; associating position data with the object obstruction; generating a model of the object obstruction; generating and associating one or more warning zones with the object obstructions; and displaying the warning zones on a user display in substantially real-time. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein capturing at least one image comprises capturing at least one image with an object detection system arranged on a work vehicle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the object detection system comprises at least one imaging device comprising one or more of the following: a camera, infrared imaging device, video recorder, lidar, radar, ultrasonic, stereo camera, or combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of object characteristics comprises one or more of the following: object type, object size, object location, or combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein associating one or more warning zones with the object obstructions comprises manually associating the one or more warning zones by an operator via the user display. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein manually associating the one or more warning zones comprises manually selecting a plurality of points around the object models for storage in a database. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein manually associating the one or more warning zones comprises manually associating metadata or image layers to the object models. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the electronic data processor is further configured to generate one or more warning alerts when the work vehicle is proximate or within a predetermined range of the warning zones. | A warning zone system and method is disclosed. The warning zone system can comprise an object detection system, a zone configuration system, and an electronic data processor. The object detection system is arranged on a work vehicle and is configured to detect and classify one or more object obstructions located at a worksite. The zone configuration system is configured to associate position data with the one or more object obstructions and generate object models of the object obstructions based on the associated position data. The electronic data processor is communicatively coupled to each of the object detection system and the zone configuration system and is configured to generate and associate warning zones with each of the object models for display on a user display in near real-time.1. A warning zone system for a work vehicle, the warning zone system comprising:
an object detection system arranged on a work vehicle, wherein the object detection system is configured to detect and classify one or more object obstructions located at a worksite; a zone configuration system, wherein the zone configuration system is configured to associate position data with the one or more object obstructions, and generate object models of the object obstructions based on the associated position data; and an electronic data processor communicatively coupled to each of the object detection system and the zone configuration system, wherein the electronic data processor is configured to generate and associate warning zones with the object models for display on a user display in substantially real-time. 2. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the object obstructions are classified based on a plurality of object characteristics. 3. The warning zone system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of object characteristics comprises one or more of the following: object type, object size, object location, or combinations thereof. 4. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the electronic data processor is further configured to generate one or more warning alerts for display on the user display when the work vehicle is arranged proximate the warning zones. 5. The warning zone system of claim 4, wherein the electronic data processor is configured to generate a control signal to inhibit an operation of the work vehicle based on the one or more warning alerts. 6. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the warning zones are manually generated by an operator via the user display. 7. The warning zone system of claim 6, wherein manual generation of the warning zones comprises manual selection of a plurality of points around the object models by an operator for storage in a database. 8. The warning zone system of claim 6, wherein manual generation of the warning zones includes addition of metadata or image layers to the object models by the operator. 9. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the object detection system comprises at least one imaging device including one or more of the following: a camera, infrared imaging device, video recorder, lidar, radar, ultrasonic, stereo camera, or combinations thereof. 10. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the position data is received from a location determining receiver. 11. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the zone configuration system is further configured to generate the object models based on a comparative assessment of the object models to previously stored maps or models in a database. 12. The warning zone system of claim 1, wherein the zone configuration system associates position data of a blade assembly with the one or more object obstructions. 13. A method, the method comprising:
capturing at least one image of an object obstruction arranged in a worksite; classifying the object obstruction based on a plurality of object characteristics; associating position data with the object obstruction; generating a model of the object obstruction; generating and associating one or more warning zones with the object obstructions; and displaying the warning zones on a user display in substantially real-time. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein capturing at least one image comprises capturing at least one image with an object detection system arranged on a work vehicle. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the object detection system comprises at least one imaging device comprising one or more of the following: a camera, infrared imaging device, video recorder, lidar, radar, ultrasonic, stereo camera, or combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of object characteristics comprises one or more of the following: object type, object size, object location, or combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein associating one or more warning zones with the object obstructions comprises manually associating the one or more warning zones by an operator via the user display. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein manually associating the one or more warning zones comprises manually selecting a plurality of points around the object models for storage in a database. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein manually associating the one or more warning zones comprises manually associating metadata or image layers to the object models. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the electronic data processor is further configured to generate one or more warning alerts when the work vehicle is proximate or within a predetermined range of the warning zones. | 2,800 |
341,214 | 16,801,517 | 2,883 | Computer-implemented method, tax return preparation systems and computer program products for presenting an explanation for a tax calculation or operation performed by a tax return preparation system when the system is in “forms” mode. An electronic version of a tax authority form that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements is displayed to a user. In response to the user selecting an interface element while in forms mode, presentation of an explanation regarding a tax calculation or operation for the associated field is invoked. The user interface controller provides data in response to selection of the interface element to an explanation engine, which determines an explanation based at least in part upon the tax calculation graph. The explanation is provided to the user interface controller for presentation to the user. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
reading, by a calculation engine of a computerized tax return preparation application operable in multiple presentation modes comprising computer-executable instructions executed by a computing device, from a shared data store of the computerized tax return preparation application, runtime data of an electronic tax return being prepared by a user of the computerized tax return preparation application; populating, by the calculation engine, a directed graph structure of the computerized tax return preparation application, the directed graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations and comprising leaf nodes populated with specific runtime data, function nodes associated with input nodes, functions, and result nodes, wherein pre-determined explanations are associated with the function nodes and functions, inputs to a function comprise runtime data of associated leaf nodes, and a result node is populated with a calculation result generated by execution of the function, constructing, by an explanation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application and in communication with the calculation engine, a narrative explanation concerning the calculation result based at least in part upon the explanation engine traversing at least a portion of the directed graph structure and determining an explanation associated with the traversed function nodes and functions; performing a user interface controller process including presenting, to the user, an electronic version of a tax form of a tax authority that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements associated with fields of the electronic version of the tax form, and receiving, through the interview screen, user input regarding selection of an interface element to invoke presentation of at least one of the explanations associated with traversed function nodes and functions related to a tax calculation or operation for the respective field; communicating, by the explanation engine, the narrative explanation to a user interface controller of the computerized tax return application that is also in communication with the shared data store; and presenting, by the user interface controller and through a display of the computing device and to the user, a computer generated interface comprising the calculation result and the narrative explanation associated with the calculation result. 2. The method claim 1, wherein a field for which an explanation is available is displayed in a first pre-determined color on the electronic version of the tax form, and a second field for which an explanation is not available is displayed on the electronic version of the tax form in a second pre-determined color that is different than the first pre-determined color. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a field is displayed on the electronic version of the tax form with a mouse over function. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with a field populated with a result of a calculation that was performed by the tax return preparation application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with a field populated with data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with an unpopulated field. 7. The method of claim 1, the user interface controller process further comprising:
receiving, through the interview screen, a user request requesting change of presentation mode from forms mode to interview mode; and in response to the user request, changing the presentation from forms mode to interview mode such that the modified version of the electronic version of the tax form is no longer displayed to the user. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a user interface element is associated with a field of a modified electronic version of a first tax form and a field of a modified electronic version of a second tax form such that when in forms mode, the same explanation being provided in response to user selection of the interface element in the modified electronic version of the first tax form and in response to user selection of the interface element in the modified electronic version of second tax form. 9. The method of claim 1, the graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations comprising functional nodes connected to input nodes by one of a plurality of functions, and tax calculations or operations are associated with explanations in the graph structure. 10. The method of claim 1, determining the explanation including recursively traversing at least a portion of the graph structure in response to receiving the selected field data from the user interface controller process. 11. The method of claim 1, constructing further comprises:
recursively traversing at least a portion of the graph structure to determine multiple explanation segments, executing a natural language processing algorithm on the narrative explanation segments, and generating, by the natural language processing algorithm, the narrative explanation for presentation to the user. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recursively traversing various paths within the tax calculation graph to determine the narrative explanations; storing the explanations to a data store referenced by data of fields of the modified electronic version of the electronic tax form; and in response to receiving the user input, looking up a narrative explanation associated with the selected field. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is displayed together with a numerical tax calculation. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting a hyperlink to a source of the data in the field associated with the interface element. 15. The method of claim 1, after presenting the narrative explanation to the user, further comprising:
receiving further user input requesting to drill down into a more detailed narrative explanation than the narrative explanation provided; and in response to the further user input, presenting at least one additional narrative explanation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein presenting the at least one additional narrative explanation further comprises:
communicating the request to drill down to the explanation engine; recursively traversing the graph structure to determine additional narrative explanations; and communicating the at least one additional narrative explanation to the user interface controller for presentation to the user. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein multiple narrative explanations based on traversing of the graph structure are presented to the user and can be collapsed to a root explanation in response to user input. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the electronic version of the tax form comprises modifying a static electronic version of the tax form into an active electronic version of the tax form with which the user can interact and that is operable to present an explanation. 19. A computing system, operable in multiple presentation modes, comprising:
a shared data store of a computerized tax return preparation application configured to store runtime data of an electronic tax return; a user interface controller of the computerized tax return preparation application that is in communication with the shared data store and comprises computer-executable instructions executable by a processor of a computing device, the user interface controller, while operating in a forms mode of the multiple presentation modes, being configured to generate user interface screens presentable to a user of the computerized tax return preparation application through a display of the computing device and to present to the user an electronic version of a tax form of a tax authority that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements associated with fields of the electronic version of the tax form; and a directed graph structure of the computerized tax return preparation application associated with runtime data of the electronic tax return, the directed graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations and comprising leaf nodes that are populated with specific runtime data, function nodes associated with input nodes, functions, and result nodes, wherein inputs to a function of the directed graph structure comprise data of associated leaf nodes, a result node comprises a calculation result generated by execution of the function, and pre-determined explanations are associated with function nodes and functions; a calculation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application, the calculation engine being configured to read, from the shared data store, runtime data of the electronic tax return being prepared by a user of the computerized tax return preparation application, populate leaf nodes with the runtime data, provide data of leaf nodes as inputs to a function of the directed graph structure, execute the function to generate a calculation result, and populate a result node with the calculation result; and an explanation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application configured to construct a narrative explanation concerning the calculation result based at least in part upon traversing at least a portion of the directed graph structure, and communicate the narrative explanation to the user interface controller; and the user interface controller being further configured to present, through the display, a computer-generated interface comprising the calculation result and the narrative explanation. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the explanation engine comprises a natural language generator operable by the processor to transform a pre-determined explanation into the narrative explanation using natural language. | Computer-implemented method, tax return preparation systems and computer program products for presenting an explanation for a tax calculation or operation performed by a tax return preparation system when the system is in “forms” mode. An electronic version of a tax authority form that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements is displayed to a user. In response to the user selecting an interface element while in forms mode, presentation of an explanation regarding a tax calculation or operation for the associated field is invoked. The user interface controller provides data in response to selection of the interface element to an explanation engine, which determines an explanation based at least in part upon the tax calculation graph. The explanation is provided to the user interface controller for presentation to the user.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
reading, by a calculation engine of a computerized tax return preparation application operable in multiple presentation modes comprising computer-executable instructions executed by a computing device, from a shared data store of the computerized tax return preparation application, runtime data of an electronic tax return being prepared by a user of the computerized tax return preparation application; populating, by the calculation engine, a directed graph structure of the computerized tax return preparation application, the directed graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations and comprising leaf nodes populated with specific runtime data, function nodes associated with input nodes, functions, and result nodes, wherein pre-determined explanations are associated with the function nodes and functions, inputs to a function comprise runtime data of associated leaf nodes, and a result node is populated with a calculation result generated by execution of the function, constructing, by an explanation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application and in communication with the calculation engine, a narrative explanation concerning the calculation result based at least in part upon the explanation engine traversing at least a portion of the directed graph structure and determining an explanation associated with the traversed function nodes and functions; performing a user interface controller process including presenting, to the user, an electronic version of a tax form of a tax authority that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements associated with fields of the electronic version of the tax form, and receiving, through the interview screen, user input regarding selection of an interface element to invoke presentation of at least one of the explanations associated with traversed function nodes and functions related to a tax calculation or operation for the respective field; communicating, by the explanation engine, the narrative explanation to a user interface controller of the computerized tax return application that is also in communication with the shared data store; and presenting, by the user interface controller and through a display of the computing device and to the user, a computer generated interface comprising the calculation result and the narrative explanation associated with the calculation result. 2. The method claim 1, wherein a field for which an explanation is available is displayed in a first pre-determined color on the electronic version of the tax form, and a second field for which an explanation is not available is displayed on the electronic version of the tax form in a second pre-determined color that is different than the first pre-determined color. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a field is displayed on the electronic version of the tax form with a mouse over function. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with a field populated with a result of a calculation that was performed by the tax return preparation application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with a field populated with data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is determined and presented in response to user selection of an interface element associated with an unpopulated field. 7. The method of claim 1, the user interface controller process further comprising:
receiving, through the interview screen, a user request requesting change of presentation mode from forms mode to interview mode; and in response to the user request, changing the presentation from forms mode to interview mode such that the modified version of the electronic version of the tax form is no longer displayed to the user. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a user interface element is associated with a field of a modified electronic version of a first tax form and a field of a modified electronic version of a second tax form such that when in forms mode, the same explanation being provided in response to user selection of the interface element in the modified electronic version of the first tax form and in response to user selection of the interface element in the modified electronic version of second tax form. 9. The method of claim 1, the graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations comprising functional nodes connected to input nodes by one of a plurality of functions, and tax calculations or operations are associated with explanations in the graph structure. 10. The method of claim 1, determining the explanation including recursively traversing at least a portion of the graph structure in response to receiving the selected field data from the user interface controller process. 11. The method of claim 1, constructing further comprises:
recursively traversing at least a portion of the graph structure to determine multiple explanation segments, executing a natural language processing algorithm on the narrative explanation segments, and generating, by the natural language processing algorithm, the narrative explanation for presentation to the user. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
recursively traversing various paths within the tax calculation graph to determine the narrative explanations; storing the explanations to a data store referenced by data of fields of the modified electronic version of the electronic tax form; and in response to receiving the user input, looking up a narrative explanation associated with the selected field. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative explanation is displayed together with a numerical tax calculation. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting a hyperlink to a source of the data in the field associated with the interface element. 15. The method of claim 1, after presenting the narrative explanation to the user, further comprising:
receiving further user input requesting to drill down into a more detailed narrative explanation than the narrative explanation provided; and in response to the further user input, presenting at least one additional narrative explanation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein presenting the at least one additional narrative explanation further comprises:
communicating the request to drill down to the explanation engine; recursively traversing the graph structure to determine additional narrative explanations; and communicating the at least one additional narrative explanation to the user interface controller for presentation to the user. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein multiple narrative explanations based on traversing of the graph structure are presented to the user and can be collapsed to a root explanation in response to user input. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the electronic version of the tax form comprises modifying a static electronic version of the tax form into an active electronic version of the tax form with which the user can interact and that is operable to present an explanation. 19. A computing system, operable in multiple presentation modes, comprising:
a shared data store of a computerized tax return preparation application configured to store runtime data of an electronic tax return; a user interface controller of the computerized tax return preparation application that is in communication with the shared data store and comprises computer-executable instructions executable by a processor of a computing device, the user interface controller, while operating in a forms mode of the multiple presentation modes, being configured to generate user interface screens presentable to a user of the computerized tax return preparation application through a display of the computing device and to present to the user an electronic version of a tax form of a tax authority that has been modified by inclusion of interface elements associated with fields of the electronic version of the tax form; and a directed graph structure of the computerized tax return preparation application associated with runtime data of the electronic tax return, the directed graph structure semantically describing data dependent tax operations and comprising leaf nodes that are populated with specific runtime data, function nodes associated with input nodes, functions, and result nodes, wherein inputs to a function of the directed graph structure comprise data of associated leaf nodes, a result node comprises a calculation result generated by execution of the function, and pre-determined explanations are associated with function nodes and functions; a calculation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application, the calculation engine being configured to read, from the shared data store, runtime data of the electronic tax return being prepared by a user of the computerized tax return preparation application, populate leaf nodes with the runtime data, provide data of leaf nodes as inputs to a function of the directed graph structure, execute the function to generate a calculation result, and populate a result node with the calculation result; and an explanation engine of the computerized tax return preparation application configured to construct a narrative explanation concerning the calculation result based at least in part upon traversing at least a portion of the directed graph structure, and communicate the narrative explanation to the user interface controller; and the user interface controller being further configured to present, through the display, a computer-generated interface comprising the calculation result and the narrative explanation. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the explanation engine comprises a natural language generator operable by the processor to transform a pre-determined explanation into the narrative explanation using natural language. | 2,800 |
341,215 | 16,801,429 | 2,883 | A calculation apparatus according to an embodiment includes one or more processing circuits configured to function as an interaction unit, a first addition unit, and a time evolution unit. The interaction unit generates N first intermediate variables obtained by performing a matrix computing on the N first variables and the coefficient matrix at the first time. The first addition unit calculates N second variables at the second time at which the sampling period elapses from the first time. The time evolution unit executes a time evolution process on the N second variables at the first time to generate N first variables at the second time. If the N first variables at the second time unsatisfied a predetermined constraint condition, the time evolution unit changes the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition. | 1. A calculation apparatus comprising:
one or more processing circuits configured to function as:
a variable calculation unit that calculates, by using N first intermediate variables obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time, N being an integer of 2 or more; and
a time evolution unit that executes a time evolution process to generate the N first variables at the second time, wherein
the time evolution unit
calculates the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time, and
changes, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy a predetermined constraint condition, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the predetermined constraint condition. 2. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the variable calculation unit comprises: an interaction unit that multiplies each of N values calculated by performing matrix computing on the N first variables at the first time and a coefficient matrix including N×N coefficients set in advance by a sign-inverted value of a first time constant representing the sampling period to generate N first intermediate variables; and a first addition unit that adds a corresponding first intermediate variable among the N first intermediate variables to each of the N second variables at the first time to calculate N second variable at the second time, and the time evolution unit multiplies each of the N second variables at the second time by the first time constant to calculate N second intermediate variables, and adds a corresponding second intermediate variable among the N second intermediate variables to each of the N first variables at the first time to calculate the N first variables at the second time. 3. The calculation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more processing circuits are configured to further function as:
a management unit that manages processes so as to sequentially increase time from a start time to an end time at an interval of the sampling period and so as to calculate the N first variables and the N second variables for each of times; and
an output unit that outputs the N first variables at the end time. 4. The calculation apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy the constraint condition in the time evolution process, the time evolution unit changes the N first variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition. 5. The calculation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the one or more processing circuits are configured to further function as a post-processing unit that, if the N first variables at the end time unsatisfy the constraint condition, repeats a correction process of changing the N first variables at the end time in the direction of satisfying the constraint condition until the N first variables at the end time satisfy the constraint condition, and the output unit outputs the N first variables at the end time after the N first variables satisfies the constraint condition. 6. The calculation apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the time evolution unit executes M time evolution processes on the N second variables at the first time to generate the N first variables at the second time, M being an integer of 1 or more, and in the m-th time evolution process among the M time evolution processes, m being an integer from 1 to M,
the time evolution unit
multiplies each of the N second variables at the second time by a second time constant representing a minute period of 1/M of the sampling period to calculate the N second intermediate variables,
adds a corresponding second intermediate variable among the N second intermediate variables to each of the N first variables at a time at which time being m−1 times the minute period elapses from the first time to calculate the N first variables at an m-th elapsed time at which time being m times the minute period elapses from the first time, and
changes, if the N first variables at the m-th elapsed time unsatisfy the constraint condition, the N first variables and the N second variables at the m-th elapsed time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition. 7. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the constraint condition is expressed by one or more inequalities. 8. The calculation apparatus according to claim 7,
Wherein, if an inequality is not satisfied, the time evolution unit changes the plurality of first variables and a plurality of second variables corresponding to the plurality of first variables included in the inequality in a direction in which a position represented by the plurality of first variables included in the inequality among the N first variables at the second time approaches perpendicularly to a boundary expressed by the inequality. 9. The calculation apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the constraint condition is expressed by simultaneous linear inequalities including K inequalities, K being an integer of 1 or more, and each of the K inequalities includes, as a variable, a first variable being 1 or more and N or less among the N first variables. 10. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the time evolution unit changes each of the N second variables at the second time in a direction in which a total value of the N first variables becomes a predetermined standard value. 11. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the time evolution unit sets each of the one or more first variables that deviates from a predetermined range among the N first variables to be a value of the predetermined range, and changes each of the one or more second variables corresponding to the one or more first variables among the N second variables at the second time in a direction in which the corresponding first variable becomes within the predetermined range. 12. A calculation method implemented by an information processing apparatus to perform calculation, the method comprising:
calculating, by the information processing apparatus, by using N first intermediate variables, for which N is an integer of 2 or more, obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and by using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time; executing a time evolution process and generating the N first variables at the second time by the information processing apparatus; calculating, at the time evolution process by the information processing apparatus, the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time; and changing, by the information processing apparatus, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying a predetermined constraint condition if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy the predetermined constraint condition. 13. A computer program product having a computer readable medium including instructions for causing an information processing apparatus to function as a calculation apparatus, wherein the instructions cause the information processing apparatus to function as:
a variable calculation unit that calculates, by using N first intermediate variables obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time, N being an integer of 2 or more; and a time evolution unit that executes a time evolution process to generate the N first variables at the second time, wherein the time evolution unit calculates the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time, and changes, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy a predetermined constraint condition, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the predetermined constraint condition. | A calculation apparatus according to an embodiment includes one or more processing circuits configured to function as an interaction unit, a first addition unit, and a time evolution unit. The interaction unit generates N first intermediate variables obtained by performing a matrix computing on the N first variables and the coefficient matrix at the first time. The first addition unit calculates N second variables at the second time at which the sampling period elapses from the first time. The time evolution unit executes a time evolution process on the N second variables at the first time to generate N first variables at the second time. If the N first variables at the second time unsatisfied a predetermined constraint condition, the time evolution unit changes the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition.1. A calculation apparatus comprising:
one or more processing circuits configured to function as:
a variable calculation unit that calculates, by using N first intermediate variables obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time, N being an integer of 2 or more; and
a time evolution unit that executes a time evolution process to generate the N first variables at the second time, wherein
the time evolution unit
calculates the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time, and
changes, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy a predetermined constraint condition, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the predetermined constraint condition. 2. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the variable calculation unit comprises: an interaction unit that multiplies each of N values calculated by performing matrix computing on the N first variables at the first time and a coefficient matrix including N×N coefficients set in advance by a sign-inverted value of a first time constant representing the sampling period to generate N first intermediate variables; and a first addition unit that adds a corresponding first intermediate variable among the N first intermediate variables to each of the N second variables at the first time to calculate N second variable at the second time, and the time evolution unit multiplies each of the N second variables at the second time by the first time constant to calculate N second intermediate variables, and adds a corresponding second intermediate variable among the N second intermediate variables to each of the N first variables at the first time to calculate the N first variables at the second time. 3. The calculation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more processing circuits are configured to further function as:
a management unit that manages processes so as to sequentially increase time from a start time to an end time at an interval of the sampling period and so as to calculate the N first variables and the N second variables for each of times; and
an output unit that outputs the N first variables at the end time. 4. The calculation apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy the constraint condition in the time evolution process, the time evolution unit changes the N first variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition. 5. The calculation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the one or more processing circuits are configured to further function as a post-processing unit that, if the N first variables at the end time unsatisfy the constraint condition, repeats a correction process of changing the N first variables at the end time in the direction of satisfying the constraint condition until the N first variables at the end time satisfy the constraint condition, and the output unit outputs the N first variables at the end time after the N first variables satisfies the constraint condition. 6. The calculation apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the time evolution unit executes M time evolution processes on the N second variables at the first time to generate the N first variables at the second time, M being an integer of 1 or more, and in the m-th time evolution process among the M time evolution processes, m being an integer from 1 to M,
the time evolution unit
multiplies each of the N second variables at the second time by a second time constant representing a minute period of 1/M of the sampling period to calculate the N second intermediate variables,
adds a corresponding second intermediate variable among the N second intermediate variables to each of the N first variables at a time at which time being m−1 times the minute period elapses from the first time to calculate the N first variables at an m-th elapsed time at which time being m times the minute period elapses from the first time, and
changes, if the N first variables at the m-th elapsed time unsatisfy the constraint condition, the N first variables and the N second variables at the m-th elapsed time in a direction of satisfying the constraint condition. 7. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the constraint condition is expressed by one or more inequalities. 8. The calculation apparatus according to claim 7,
Wherein, if an inequality is not satisfied, the time evolution unit changes the plurality of first variables and a plurality of second variables corresponding to the plurality of first variables included in the inequality in a direction in which a position represented by the plurality of first variables included in the inequality among the N first variables at the second time approaches perpendicularly to a boundary expressed by the inequality. 9. The calculation apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the constraint condition is expressed by simultaneous linear inequalities including K inequalities, K being an integer of 1 or more, and each of the K inequalities includes, as a variable, a first variable being 1 or more and N or less among the N first variables. 10. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the time evolution unit changes each of the N second variables at the second time in a direction in which a total value of the N first variables becomes a predetermined standard value. 11. The calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the time evolution unit sets each of the one or more first variables that deviates from a predetermined range among the N first variables to be a value of the predetermined range, and changes each of the one or more second variables corresponding to the one or more first variables among the N second variables at the second time in a direction in which the corresponding first variable becomes within the predetermined range. 12. A calculation method implemented by an information processing apparatus to perform calculation, the method comprising:
calculating, by the information processing apparatus, by using N first intermediate variables, for which N is an integer of 2 or more, obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and by using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time; executing a time evolution process and generating the N first variables at the second time by the information processing apparatus; calculating, at the time evolution process by the information processing apparatus, the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time; and changing, by the information processing apparatus, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying a predetermined constraint condition if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy the predetermined constraint condition. 13. A computer program product having a computer readable medium including instructions for causing an information processing apparatus to function as a calculation apparatus, wherein the instructions cause the information processing apparatus to function as:
a variable calculation unit that calculates, by using N first intermediate variables obtained by interacting N first variables at a first time and using N second variables at the first time, the N second variables at a second time at which a sampling period elapses from the first time, N being an integer of 2 or more; and a time evolution unit that executes a time evolution process to generate the N first variables at the second time, wherein the time evolution unit calculates the N first variables at the second time on the basis of the N second variables at the second time and the N first variables at the first time, and changes, if the N first variables at the second time unsatisfy a predetermined constraint condition, the N second variables at the second time in a direction of satisfying the predetermined constraint condition. | 2,800 |
341,216 | 16,801,512 | 2,883 | Managing concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system. Synchronizing the set of tasks for assigning and releasing a resource according to a predefined access period with flexibility of providing an extended access period where an external task is not detected during the predefined access period. Where an extended access period is provided, resynchronizing is performed, and the external task is identified and access is prevented when the external task is determined to be a particular type of task. | 1. A method for managing concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system, the method comprising:
synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δtj to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 2. The method of claim 1, the first and second delay periods being a same duration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay period is a fixed delay. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay period is a variable delay computed for each task of the set of tasks based on a random value. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource assigning step is performed after a first response time period Responset1 defined for responding to the received access request after the decision is made;
wherein: Responset1=[tstart, tenable 0]; the delaying of the resource assigning step results in delaying the resource releasing step by the first delay period Δt1 j; and the delaying of the resource assigning step results in a duration longer than the first response time period, Responset1. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource releasing step is performed after a second response time period Responset2 defined for responding to a received release request;
wherein: Responset2=[trelreq, tend 0]; and the delaying of the resource releasing step results in a duration longer than the second response time period Responset2. 11. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having a set of instructions stored therein which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δtj to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. 16. A computer system comprising:
a processor set; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the processor set is structured, located, connected, and/or programmed to run program instructions stored on the computer readable storage medium; and the program instructions which, when executed by the processor set, cause the processor set to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by: synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δt2 j to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 17. The computer system of claim 16, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 18. The computer system of claim 16, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 20. The computer system of claim 16, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. | Managing concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system. Synchronizing the set of tasks for assigning and releasing a resource according to a predefined access period with flexibility of providing an extended access period where an external task is not detected during the predefined access period. Where an extended access period is provided, resynchronizing is performed, and the external task is identified and access is prevented when the external task is determined to be a particular type of task.1. A method for managing concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system, the method comprising:
synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δtj to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 2. The method of claim 1, the first and second delay periods being a same duration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay period is a fixed delay. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay period is a variable delay computed for each task of the set of tasks based on a random value. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource assigning step is performed after a first response time period Responset1 defined for responding to the received access request after the decision is made;
wherein: Responset1=[tstart, tenable 0]; the delaying of the resource assigning step results in delaying the resource releasing step by the first delay period Δt1 j; and the delaying of the resource assigning step results in a duration longer than the first response time period, Responset1. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the resource releasing step is performed after a second response time period Responset2 defined for responding to a received release request;
wherein: Responset2=[trelreq, tend 0]; and the delaying of the resource releasing step results in a duration longer than the second response time period Responset2. 11. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having a set of instructions stored therein which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δtj to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 13. The computer program product of claim 11, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. 16. A computer system comprising:
a processor set; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the processor set is structured, located, connected, and/or programmed to run program instructions stored on the computer readable storage medium; and the program instructions which, when executed by the processor set, cause the processor set to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by: synchronizing a set of tasks including:
assigning a shared resource to each task of the set of tasks at a time during an access time period, the access time period having a start time tstart and an end time tend 0, the assigning including:
responsive to receiving from the task an access request, determining to grant access to the task at tstart;
executing a resource assigning step at a point of time tenable 0; and
executing a resource releasing step at the point of time tend 0,
wherein a duration of the access time period exceeds a predefined duration for detecting an external task trying to access the shared resource, the external task not being within the set of tasks;
responsive to the duration of the access time period exceeding the predefined duration, delaying the resource assigning step by a first delay period Δt1 j such that tenable j=tenable 0+Δt1 j, and/or delaying the resource releasing step by a second delay period Δt2 j such that tend j=tend 0+Δt2 j, thereby extending the access time period by a delay period Δt2 j to create an extended access time interval; resynchronizing the set of tasks during the extended access time interval; identifying an external task that is trying to access the shared resource during the extended access time interval; and configuring the computer system for preventing accesses to the shared resource by external tasks having a type of the identified external task. 17. The computer system of claim 16, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
determining a task type of the task and determining the delay period based on the task type. 18. The computer system of claim 16, further causing the processor to manage concurrent accesses by a set of tasks to a shared resource of a computer system by:
generating a timing pattern information indicative of time gaps between consecutive accesses to the shared resource by different calibration tasks; wherein: the tasks of the set of tasks are calibration tasks; and the delay period is determined using the timing pattern information. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the delay period is smaller than a smallest time gap indicated in timing pattern information. 20. The computer system of claim 16, wherein:
the synchronizing step includes using a semaphore associated with the shared resource, the semaphore comprising a lock; the resource assigning step includes sending a message indicting a granting access to the lock; and the resource releasing step includes releasing the lock. | 2,800 |
341,217 | 16,801,531 | 2,883 | Methods and compositions are provided for editing the genome of a cell without the use of an exogenously supplied nuclease. Aspects of the methods include contacting a cell with a targeting vector comprising nucleic acid sequence to be integrated into the target locus, where the cell is not also contacted with a nuclease. In addition, reagents, devices and kits thereof that find use in practicing the subject methods are provided. | 1. A method for the targeted integration of a transgene into the genome of a cell in the absence of an exogenously provided nuclease, the method comprising:
contacting a cell with a recombinant viral vector, the recombinant viral vector comprising: i. a polynucleotide comprising a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence encodes the transgene; and the second nucleic acid sequence is positioned 5′ or 3′ to the first nucleic acid sequence and promotes the production of two independent gene products upon integration into the target integration site in the genome of the cell; ii. a third nucleic acid sequence positioned 5′ to the polynucleotide and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of a target integration site in the genome of the cell; and iii. a fourth nucleic acid sequence positioned 3′ of the polynucleotide and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of a target integration site in the genome of the cell; wherein the cell is not contacted with a nuclease or nucleic acid encoding a nuclease. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cell is a non-dividing cell. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the contacting occurs in vivo. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in treating a medical condition associated with a gene deficiency. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the medical condition is selected from the group consisting of hemophilia, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, a branched-chain organic aciduria, maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), isovaleric acidaemia (IVA), propionic aciduria (PA), methylmalonic aciduria (MMA), 3 methylcrotonyl glycinuria, 3-methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I, short/branched-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, malonic aciduria, a long chained fatty acid oxidation disorder, a glycogen storage disease, Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD1), A carnitine cycle disorder, a urea cycle disorder, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, heraditary tyrosinemia, epidermolysis bullosa, Wilson disease, adenosine deaminase deficiency, sickle cell disease, X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, diamond-blackfan anemia, Gaucher's disease, growth hormone deficiency, and Parkinson's Disease. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in promoting immunoprophylaxis. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transgene encodes an agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is an antibody or a chimeric polypeptide, and is specific for a pathogen selected from: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), a plasmodium, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae, a fungus, and a bacterium. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in promoting wound healing. 10. A recombinant viral vector for integrating a transgene into a target integration site in the genome of the cell, comprising:
a polynucleotide cassette comprising a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence comprises the transgene; and the second nucleic acid sequence is positioned 5′ or 3′ to the first nucleic acid sequence and promotes the production of two independent gene products upon integration into the target integration site in the genome of the cell; a third nucleic acid sequence positioned 5′ to the polynucleotide cassette and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the target integration site in the genome of the cell; and a fourth nucleic acid sequence positioned 3′ of the polynucleotide cassette and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the target integration site in the genome of the cell. 11. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the viral vector is an rAAV vector. 12. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the nucleic acid sequence that promotes the production of two independent gene products at the target integration site is selected from: a sequence that encodes a 2A peptide; an IRES; an intein; a recognition sequence for a site specific protease; a sequence that encodes a cleavable linker that is cleaved as part of the coagulation cascade; a sequence that encodes a factor XI cleavage site; and an intronic splice donor/splice acceptor sequence. 13. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 12, wherein the expression and activity of an endogenous gene comprising the target integration site is not disrupted by the integration of the transgene. 14. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein:
the 3′ end of the endogenous gene comprises the target integration site, the sequence of the third nucleic acid sequence is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence upstream of the stop codon of the endogenous gene; and the sequence of the fourth nucleic acid sequences is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence downstream of the stop codon of the endogenous gene. 15. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein:
the 5′ end of the endogenous gene comprises the target integration site, the sequence of the third nucleic acid sequence is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence upstream of the start codon of the endogenous gene; and the sequence of the fourth nucleic acid sequences is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence downstream of the start codon of the endogenous gene. 16. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein the endogenous gene is selected from the group consisting of the albumin gene, a collagen gene, and an actin gene. 17. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the transgene complements a gene deficiency. 18. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the transgene encodes an agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis. 19. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 18, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin domain and an effector domain. 20. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 18, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is an antibody. 21-23. (canceled) | Methods and compositions are provided for editing the genome of a cell without the use of an exogenously supplied nuclease. Aspects of the methods include contacting a cell with a targeting vector comprising nucleic acid sequence to be integrated into the target locus, where the cell is not also contacted with a nuclease. In addition, reagents, devices and kits thereof that find use in practicing the subject methods are provided.1. A method for the targeted integration of a transgene into the genome of a cell in the absence of an exogenously provided nuclease, the method comprising:
contacting a cell with a recombinant viral vector, the recombinant viral vector comprising: i. a polynucleotide comprising a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence encodes the transgene; and the second nucleic acid sequence is positioned 5′ or 3′ to the first nucleic acid sequence and promotes the production of two independent gene products upon integration into the target integration site in the genome of the cell; ii. a third nucleic acid sequence positioned 5′ to the polynucleotide and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of a target integration site in the genome of the cell; and iii. a fourth nucleic acid sequence positioned 3′ of the polynucleotide and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of a target integration site in the genome of the cell; wherein the cell is not contacted with a nuclease or nucleic acid encoding a nuclease. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cell is a non-dividing cell. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the contacting occurs in vivo. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in treating a medical condition associated with a gene deficiency. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the medical condition is selected from the group consisting of hemophilia, hemophilia A, hemophilia B, a branched-chain organic aciduria, maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), isovaleric acidaemia (IVA), propionic aciduria (PA), methylmalonic aciduria (MMA), 3 methylcrotonyl glycinuria, 3-methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I, short/branched-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria, malonic aciduria, a long chained fatty acid oxidation disorder, a glycogen storage disease, Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD1), A carnitine cycle disorder, a urea cycle disorder, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, heraditary tyrosinemia, epidermolysis bullosa, Wilson disease, adenosine deaminase deficiency, sickle cell disease, X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, diamond-blackfan anemia, Gaucher's disease, growth hormone deficiency, and Parkinson's Disease. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in promoting immunoprophylaxis. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transgene encodes an agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is an antibody or a chimeric polypeptide, and is specific for a pathogen selected from: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), a plasmodium, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae, a fungus, and a bacterium. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method finds use in promoting wound healing. 10. A recombinant viral vector for integrating a transgene into a target integration site in the genome of the cell, comprising:
a polynucleotide cassette comprising a first nucleic acid sequence and a second nucleic acid sequence, wherein the first nucleic acid sequence comprises the transgene; and the second nucleic acid sequence is positioned 5′ or 3′ to the first nucleic acid sequence and promotes the production of two independent gene products upon integration into the target integration site in the genome of the cell; a third nucleic acid sequence positioned 5′ to the polynucleotide cassette and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 5′ of the target integration site in the genome of the cell; and a fourth nucleic acid sequence positioned 3′ of the polynucleotide cassette and comprising sequence that is substantially homologous to genomic sequence 3′ of the target integration site in the genome of the cell. 11. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the viral vector is an rAAV vector. 12. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the nucleic acid sequence that promotes the production of two independent gene products at the target integration site is selected from: a sequence that encodes a 2A peptide; an IRES; an intein; a recognition sequence for a site specific protease; a sequence that encodes a cleavable linker that is cleaved as part of the coagulation cascade; a sequence that encodes a factor XI cleavage site; and an intronic splice donor/splice acceptor sequence. 13. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 12, wherein the expression and activity of an endogenous gene comprising the target integration site is not disrupted by the integration of the transgene. 14. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein:
the 3′ end of the endogenous gene comprises the target integration site, the sequence of the third nucleic acid sequence is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence upstream of the stop codon of the endogenous gene; and the sequence of the fourth nucleic acid sequences is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence downstream of the stop codon of the endogenous gene. 15. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein:
the 5′ end of the endogenous gene comprises the target integration site, the sequence of the third nucleic acid sequence is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence upstream of the start codon of the endogenous gene; and the sequence of the fourth nucleic acid sequences is substantially homologous to the DNA sequence downstream of the start codon of the endogenous gene. 16. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 13, wherein the endogenous gene is selected from the group consisting of the albumin gene, a collagen gene, and an actin gene. 17. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the transgene complements a gene deficiency. 18. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 10, wherein the transgene encodes an agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis. 19. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 18, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is a polypeptide comprising an immunoglobulin domain and an effector domain. 20. The recombinant viral vector according to claim 18, wherein the agent that promotes immunoprophylaxis is an antibody. 21-23. (canceled) | 2,800 |
341,218 | 16,801,516 | 2,883 | According to the present disclosure, a textile printing ink jet ink composition includes a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye and elemental sulfur. A content of the elemental sulfur in the textile printing ink jet ink composition is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to the total mass of the ink composition. | 1. A textile printing ink jet ink composition comprising:
a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye; and elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to a total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 2. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the elemental sulfur is 20 ppm or greater and 100 ppm or less relative to the total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 3. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of C.I. Disperse Red 364, C.I. Vat Orange 5, C.I. Vat Red 1, C.I. Vat Red 5, C.I. Vat Red 6, C.I. Vat Violet 3, and C.I. Vat Violet 4. 4. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein a content of the thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye is 0.1 mass % or greater and 10.0 mass % or less relative to the total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 5. A textile printing method comprising:
a deposition step of depositing a textile printing ink jet ink composition onto a transfer sheet by using an ink jet method; and a transfer step of, after the deposition step, positioning the transfer sheet and a recording medium to face each other and heating the transfer sheet and the recording medium, wherein the textile printing ink jet ink composition includes a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye and elemental sulfur, and a content of the elemental sulfur in the textile printing ink jet ink composition is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to a total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 6. The textile printing method according to claim 5, wherein a transfer temperature in the transfer step is 160° C. or higher and 240° C. or lower. 7. The textile printing method according to claim 5, wherein a transfer time in the transfer step is 20 seconds or more and 100 seconds or less. | According to the present disclosure, a textile printing ink jet ink composition includes a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye and elemental sulfur. A content of the elemental sulfur in the textile printing ink jet ink composition is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to the total mass of the ink composition.1. A textile printing ink jet ink composition comprising:
a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye; and elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to a total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 2. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the elemental sulfur is 20 ppm or greater and 100 ppm or less relative to the total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 3. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye is at least one selected from the group consisting of C.I. Disperse Red 364, C.I. Vat Orange 5, C.I. Vat Red 1, C.I. Vat Red 5, C.I. Vat Red 6, C.I. Vat Violet 3, and C.I. Vat Violet 4. 4. The textile printing ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein a content of the thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye is 0.1 mass % or greater and 10.0 mass % or less relative to the total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 5. A textile printing method comprising:
a deposition step of depositing a textile printing ink jet ink composition onto a transfer sheet by using an ink jet method; and a transfer step of, after the deposition step, positioning the transfer sheet and a recording medium to face each other and heating the transfer sheet and the recording medium, wherein the textile printing ink jet ink composition includes a thioindigo-skeleton-containing dye and elemental sulfur, and a content of the elemental sulfur in the textile printing ink jet ink composition is 0.01 ppm or greater and 500 ppm or less relative to a total mass of the textile printing ink jet ink composition. 6. The textile printing method according to claim 5, wherein a transfer temperature in the transfer step is 160° C. or higher and 240° C. or lower. 7. The textile printing method according to claim 5, wherein a transfer time in the transfer step is 20 seconds or more and 100 seconds or less. | 2,800 |
341,219 | 16,801,507 | 2,883 | The present invention is directed to a method of coating an electrical current collector comprising treating a portion of a surface of the electrical current collector with an adhesion promoting composition to deposit a treatment layer over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein the resulting surface of the electrical current collector comprises (a) a treated portion comprising the treatment layer and (b) a non-treated portion that lacks the treatment layer; electrodepositing an electrodeposited coating layer from an electrodepositable coating composition onto the surface of the electrical current collector to form a coated electrical current collector; and rinsing the coated electrical current collector, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer substantially adheres to the treated portion of the surface and does not adhere to the non-treated portion of the surface. Also disclosed are electrodes and electrical storage devices. | 1. A method of coating an electrical current collector comprising:
treating a portion of a surface of the electrical current collector with an adhesion promoting composition to deposit a treatment layer over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein the resulting surface of the electrical current collector comprises (a) a treated portion comprising the treatment layer and (b) a non-treated portion that lacks the treatment layer; electrodepositing an electrodeposited coating layer from an electrodepositable coating composition onto the surface of the electrical current collector to form a coated electrical current collector; and rinsing the coated electrical current collector, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer substantially adheres to the treated portion of the surface and does not adhere to the non-treated portion of the surface. 2. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the electrical current collector comprises aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, nickel, or combinations thereof. 3. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoting composition comprises a conductive primer coating composition, and the treatment layer comprises a conductive primer coating layer. 4. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 3, wherein the conductive primer coating composition comprises a carbon-based conductive primer coating composition, and the conductive primer coating layer comprises a carbon-based conductive primer coating layer. 5. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoting composition comprises a pretreatment composition, and the treatment layer comprises a pretreatment layer. 6. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein electrodepositing the electrodeposited coating layer comprises:
at least partially immersing the electrical current collector into a bath comprising the electrodepositable coating composition; and electrodepositing a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating onto at least a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector immersed in the bath. 7. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition comprises an electrochemically active material and an electrodepositable binder comprising a pH-dependent rheology modifier, and the electrodeposited coating layer comprises the electrochemically active material and the electrodepositable binder. 8. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a fluoropolymer, a non-fluorinated organic film-forming polymer, a dispersant, or combinations thereof. 9. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a crosslinking agent. 10. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrochemically active material comprises LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiFePO4, LiFeCoPO4, LiCoPO4, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiMnCo)O2, Li(NiCoAl)O2, carbon-coated LiFePO4, sulfur, sulfur compounds, LiO2, FeF2 and FeF3, aluminum, SnCo, Fe3O4, or combinations thereof. 11. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrochemically active material comprises graphite, lithium titanate, lithium vanadium phosphate, silicon, silicon compounds, tin, tin compounds, lithium metal, graphene, or a combination thereof. 12. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition further comprises an electrically conductive agent. 13. An electrode comprising:
an electrical current collector having a surface; a treatment layer on a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein (a) a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector comprises the treatment layer and (b) a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector lacks the treatment layer; and an electrodeposited coating layer that is present over the treatment layer and is not present over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector lacks the treatment layer. 14. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the non-treated portion of the surface of the electrical current collector is substantially free of the electrodeposited coating layer. 15. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode is produced by the method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1. 16. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the combined thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is from 0.5 microns to 1,000 microns. 17. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer form a sloped edge having an angle measured from the surface of the electrical current collector of at least 35°, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 18. The electrode of claim 13, wherein an edge of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is at least 0.5:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 19. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises LFP and an edge of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is from 0.5:1 to 2.4:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 20. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises NMC and an edge of the electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is from 0.7:1 to 1.4:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 21. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrical current collector comprises aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, nickel, or combinations thereof. 22. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises an electrochemically active material and an electrodepositable binder comprising a pH-dependent rheology modifier. 23. The electrode of claim 22, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a fluoropolymer, a non-fluorinated organic film-forming polymer, a dispersant, or combinations thereof. 24. The electrode of claim 22, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a crosslinking agent. 25. The electrode of claim 19, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer further comprises an electrically conductive agent. 26. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer is crosslinked. 27. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode comprises a positive electrode. 28. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode comprises a negative electrode. 29. An electrical storage device comprising:
(a) electrode of claim 13; (b) a counter-electrode; and (c) an electrolyte. 30. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a cell. 31. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a battery pack. 32. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a secondary battery. 33. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a capacitor. 34. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a supercapacitor. | The present invention is directed to a method of coating an electrical current collector comprising treating a portion of a surface of the electrical current collector with an adhesion promoting composition to deposit a treatment layer over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein the resulting surface of the electrical current collector comprises (a) a treated portion comprising the treatment layer and (b) a non-treated portion that lacks the treatment layer; electrodepositing an electrodeposited coating layer from an electrodepositable coating composition onto the surface of the electrical current collector to form a coated electrical current collector; and rinsing the coated electrical current collector, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer substantially adheres to the treated portion of the surface and does not adhere to the non-treated portion of the surface. Also disclosed are electrodes and electrical storage devices.1. A method of coating an electrical current collector comprising:
treating a portion of a surface of the electrical current collector with an adhesion promoting composition to deposit a treatment layer over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein the resulting surface of the electrical current collector comprises (a) a treated portion comprising the treatment layer and (b) a non-treated portion that lacks the treatment layer; electrodepositing an electrodeposited coating layer from an electrodepositable coating composition onto the surface of the electrical current collector to form a coated electrical current collector; and rinsing the coated electrical current collector, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer substantially adheres to the treated portion of the surface and does not adhere to the non-treated portion of the surface. 2. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the electrical current collector comprises aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, nickel, or combinations thereof. 3. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoting composition comprises a conductive primer coating composition, and the treatment layer comprises a conductive primer coating layer. 4. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 3, wherein the conductive primer coating composition comprises a carbon-based conductive primer coating composition, and the conductive primer coating layer comprises a carbon-based conductive primer coating layer. 5. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoting composition comprises a pretreatment composition, and the treatment layer comprises a pretreatment layer. 6. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein electrodepositing the electrodeposited coating layer comprises:
at least partially immersing the electrical current collector into a bath comprising the electrodepositable coating composition; and electrodepositing a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating onto at least a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector immersed in the bath. 7. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition comprises an electrochemically active material and an electrodepositable binder comprising a pH-dependent rheology modifier, and the electrodeposited coating layer comprises the electrochemically active material and the electrodepositable binder. 8. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a fluoropolymer, a non-fluorinated organic film-forming polymer, a dispersant, or combinations thereof. 9. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a crosslinking agent. 10. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrochemically active material comprises LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiFePO4, LiFeCoPO4, LiCoPO4, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiMnCo)O2, Li(NiCoAl)O2, carbon-coated LiFePO4, sulfur, sulfur compounds, LiO2, FeF2 and FeF3, aluminum, SnCo, Fe3O4, or combinations thereof. 11. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrochemically active material comprises graphite, lithium titanate, lithium vanadium phosphate, silicon, silicon compounds, tin, tin compounds, lithium metal, graphene, or a combination thereof. 12. The method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 7, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition further comprises an electrically conductive agent. 13. An electrode comprising:
an electrical current collector having a surface; a treatment layer on a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector, wherein (a) a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector comprises the treatment layer and (b) a portion of the surface of the electrical current collector lacks the treatment layer; and an electrodeposited coating layer that is present over the treatment layer and is not present over the portion of the surface of the electrical current collector lacks the treatment layer. 14. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the non-treated portion of the surface of the electrical current collector is substantially free of the electrodeposited coating layer. 15. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode is produced by the method of coating an electrical current collector of claim 1. 16. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the combined thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is from 0.5 microns to 1,000 microns. 17. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer form a sloped edge having an angle measured from the surface of the electrical current collector of at least 35°, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 18. The electrode of claim 13, wherein an edge of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is at least 0.5:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 19. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises LFP and an edge of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is from 0.5:1 to 2.4:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 20. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises NMC and an edge of the electrodeposited coating layer is sloped and the ratio of the length of the slope to the thickness of the treatment layer and electrodeposited coating layer of the slope is from 0.7:1 to 1.4:1, as measured by the EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TEST METHOD. 21. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrical current collector comprises aluminum, copper, steel, stainless steel, nickel, or combinations thereof. 22. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer comprises an electrochemically active material and an electrodepositable binder comprising a pH-dependent rheology modifier. 23. The electrode of claim 22, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a fluoropolymer, a non-fluorinated organic film-forming polymer, a dispersant, or combinations thereof. 24. The electrode of claim 22, wherein the electrodepositable binder further comprises a crosslinking agent. 25. The electrode of claim 19, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer further comprises an electrically conductive agent. 26. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrodeposited coating layer is crosslinked. 27. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode comprises a positive electrode. 28. The electrode of claim 13, wherein the electrode comprises a negative electrode. 29. An electrical storage device comprising:
(a) electrode of claim 13; (b) a counter-electrode; and (c) an electrolyte. 30. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a cell. 31. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a battery pack. 32. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a secondary battery. 33. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a capacitor. 34. The electrical storage device of claim 29, wherein the electrical storage device comprises a supercapacitor. | 2,800 |
341,220 | 16,801,553 | 2,883 | A liquid ejecting head including nozzles ejecting a liquid, a flow path member including flow paths that communicate with the nozzles, and an electric substrate stacked on the flow path member in a first direction. The flow path member includes pipes that protrude in the first direction from a surface facing the electric substrate, the flow paths respectively being formed inside the pipes. Through holes through which the pipes are inserted are provided in the electric substrate. The through holes include a first through hole and a second through hole. The pipes include a first pipe that includes a first contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the first through hole and a second pipe that includes a second contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the second through hole. | 1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
nozzles ejecting a liquid; a flow path member including flow paths that communicate with the nozzles; and an electric substrate stacked on the flow path member in a first direction, wherein the flow path member includes pipes that protrude in the first direction from a surface facing the electric substrate, the flow paths respectively being formed inside the pipes, through holes through which the pipes are inserted are provided in the electric substrate, the through holes include a first through hole and a second through hole, and the pipes include a first pipe that includes a first contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the first through hole, and a second pipe that includes a second contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the second through hole. 2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the first pipe is disposed on a first end side in a longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction, and the second pipe is disposed on a second end side in the longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the nozzles constitute a nozzle row by being disposed in a second direction, the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the nozzles constitute nozzle rows by being disposed in a second direction, the nozzle rows are arranged in a third direction that intersects the second direction, the first pipe is disposed on a first end side in a longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction, and the second pipe is disposed on a second end side in the longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction. 5. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
the nozzle rows include a first nozzle row and a second nozzle row, the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row are, in the third direction, disposed at both ends among the nozzle rows, and the first pipe and the second pipe are, in the third direction, disposed outside the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein 10 nozzle rows are provided. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
an urging member urging the electric substrate to a fourth direction, wherein a surface of the internal circumferential surface of the first through hole in a fifth direction opposite to the fourth direction contacts a surface of the first contact surface in the fifth direction, and a surface of the internal circumferential surface of the second through hole in the fifth direction contacts a surface of the second contact surface in the fifth direction. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the through holes include a third through hole, the pipes include a third pipe inserted through the third through hole not so as to contact each other, and the first pipe and the second pipe are two pipes that are disposed farthest away from each other among the pipes. 10. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; and a liquid storing member storing a liquid supplied to the liquid ejecting head. 11. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; and a flexible flat cable connected to a connector provided on the electric substrate. 12. A method of manufacturing the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, the method comprising:
positioning the electric substrate and the flow path member by contacting the first contact surface of the first pipe and the internal circumferential surface of the first through hole to each other and by contacting the second contact surface of the second pipe and the internal circumferential surface of the second through hole to each other. 13. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, wherein
the nozzles constitute a nozzle row by being disposed in a second direction, the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 14. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. | A liquid ejecting head including nozzles ejecting a liquid, a flow path member including flow paths that communicate with the nozzles, and an electric substrate stacked on the flow path member in a first direction. The flow path member includes pipes that protrude in the first direction from a surface facing the electric substrate, the flow paths respectively being formed inside the pipes. Through holes through which the pipes are inserted are provided in the electric substrate. The through holes include a first through hole and a second through hole. The pipes include a first pipe that includes a first contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the first through hole and a second pipe that includes a second contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the second through hole.1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
nozzles ejecting a liquid; a flow path member including flow paths that communicate with the nozzles; and an electric substrate stacked on the flow path member in a first direction, wherein the flow path member includes pipes that protrude in the first direction from a surface facing the electric substrate, the flow paths respectively being formed inside the pipes, through holes through which the pipes are inserted are provided in the electric substrate, the through holes include a first through hole and a second through hole, and the pipes include a first pipe that includes a first contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the first through hole, and a second pipe that includes a second contact surface that contacts an internal circumferential surface of the second through hole. 2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the first pipe is disposed on a first end side in a longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction, and the second pipe is disposed on a second end side in the longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the nozzles constitute a nozzle row by being disposed in a second direction, the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the nozzles constitute nozzle rows by being disposed in a second direction, the nozzle rows are arranged in a third direction that intersects the second direction, the first pipe is disposed on a first end side in a longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction, and the second pipe is disposed on a second end side in the longitudinal direction of the electric substrate when viewed in the first direction. 5. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
the nozzle rows include a first nozzle row and a second nozzle row, the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row are, in the third direction, disposed at both ends among the nozzle rows, and the first pipe and the second pipe are, in the third direction, disposed outside the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein
the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 4, wherein 10 nozzle rows are provided. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, further comprising:
an urging member urging the electric substrate to a fourth direction, wherein a surface of the internal circumferential surface of the first through hole in a fifth direction opposite to the fourth direction contacts a surface of the first contact surface in the fifth direction, and a surface of the internal circumferential surface of the second through hole in the fifth direction contacts a surface of the second contact surface in the fifth direction. 9. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein
the through holes include a third through hole, the pipes include a third pipe inserted through the third through hole not so as to contact each other, and the first pipe and the second pipe are two pipes that are disposed farthest away from each other among the pipes. 10. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; and a liquid storing member storing a liquid supplied to the liquid ejecting head. 11. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1; and a flexible flat cable connected to a connector provided on the electric substrate. 12. A method of manufacturing the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, the method comprising:
positioning the electric substrate and the flow path member by contacting the first contact surface of the first pipe and the internal circumferential surface of the first through hole to each other and by contacting the second contact surface of the second pipe and the internal circumferential surface of the second through hole to each other. 13. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2, wherein
the nozzles constitute a nozzle row by being disposed in a second direction, the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. 14. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 5, wherein
the first pipe is provided in the second direction with respect to a center of the nozzle row in the second direction, and the second pipe is provided in a direction opposite the second direction with respect to the center of the nozzle row in the second direction. | 2,800 |
341,221 | 16,801,513 | 2,883 | A device can include a memory storing user payment data and another memory device storing instructions that cause the device to establish a communication between a separate device and the system based on a gesture associated with the system and via a wireless link between the system and the separate device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase, present, on the display, an instruction associated with the potential purchase, receive a single-interaction from the user of the system to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction including a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases, retrieve, based on the single-interaction from the user, the user payment data from the memory and transmit the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make a purchase. | 1. A system comprising:
a processor; a display; a memory storing user payment data; a computer-readable memory device; and a program module stored on the computer-readable memory device and comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
establishing a communication between a separate device and the system via a wireless link between the system and the separate device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase;
presenting, on the display, an instruction associated with the potential purchase;
receiving, in response to the instruction, a single-interaction with the system from a user of the system to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases;
retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user, the user payment data from the memory; and
transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make a purchase. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the single-interaction comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the system. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the system and the separate device, a short-wave communication between the system and the separate device, a long-wave communication between the system and the separate device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make the purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the separate device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a user device, the separate device comprises a merchant device and wherein establishing the communication between the separate device and the system is based on a gesture associated with the system in connection with the merchant device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the program module stored on the computer-readable memory device stores further instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform further operations comprising:
prior to being able to perform the potential purchase, receiving the user payment data from a network server; and storing the user payment data in the memory. 8. A method comprising:
establishing, from a user device, a communication between the user device and a merchant device via a wireless link between the user device and the merchant device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase; presenting, on a display of the user device, an instruction associated with the potential purchase; receiving, in response to the instruction, a single-interaction from a user of the user device to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases; retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user and as instructed by a program module configured on the user device, user payment data from a memory of the user device; and transmitting, as instructed by the program module configured on the user device, from the user device to the merchant device and via the wireless link, the user payment data to make a purchase. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the single-interaction comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the user device. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the user device and the merchant device, a short-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, a long-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
prior to being able to perform the potential purchase, receiving the user payment data from a network server; and storing the user payment data in the memory of the user device. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the merchant device to make the purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the merchant device. 14. A merchant device comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory device storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
establishing a communication between the merchant device and a user device via a wireless link between the user device and the merchant device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase and being initiated in connection with the potential purchase, wherein, based on the communication, the user device can present, on a display of the user device, information associated with the potential purchase; and
receiving, at the merchant device and via the wireless link, user payment data to make a purchase, wherein the user payment data is obtained based on (1) the user device receiving a single-interaction from a user in response to the information to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases and (2) the user device retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user and according to a program module configured on the user device, the user payment data from a memory of the user device. 15. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the single-interaction with the user device comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the user device. 16. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the user device and the merchant device, a short-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, a long-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 17. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable memory device stores further instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations further comprising:
initiating the establishing of the communication with the user device based on payment data associated with the potential purchase. 18. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 19. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein receiving the user payment data via the wireless link at the merchant device to make a purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the merchant device. 20. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the single-interaction from the user occurs after the user device presents instructions on the display. | A device can include a memory storing user payment data and another memory device storing instructions that cause the device to establish a communication between a separate device and the system based on a gesture associated with the system and via a wireless link between the system and the separate device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase, present, on the display, an instruction associated with the potential purchase, receive a single-interaction from the user of the system to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction including a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases, retrieve, based on the single-interaction from the user, the user payment data from the memory and transmit the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make a purchase.1. A system comprising:
a processor; a display; a memory storing user payment data; a computer-readable memory device; and a program module stored on the computer-readable memory device and comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
establishing a communication between a separate device and the system via a wireless link between the system and the separate device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase;
presenting, on the display, an instruction associated with the potential purchase;
receiving, in response to the instruction, a single-interaction with the system from a user of the system to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases;
retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user, the user payment data from the memory; and
transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make a purchase. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the single-interaction comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the system. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the system and the separate device, a short-wave communication between the system and the separate device, a long-wave communication between the system and the separate device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the separate device to make the purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the separate device. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a user device, the separate device comprises a merchant device and wherein establishing the communication between the separate device and the system is based on a gesture associated with the system in connection with the merchant device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the program module stored on the computer-readable memory device stores further instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform further operations comprising:
prior to being able to perform the potential purchase, receiving the user payment data from a network server; and storing the user payment data in the memory. 8. A method comprising:
establishing, from a user device, a communication between the user device and a merchant device via a wireless link between the user device and the merchant device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase; presenting, on a display of the user device, an instruction associated with the potential purchase; receiving, in response to the instruction, a single-interaction from a user of the user device to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases; retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user and as instructed by a program module configured on the user device, user payment data from a memory of the user device; and transmitting, as instructed by the program module configured on the user device, from the user device to the merchant device and via the wireless link, the user payment data to make a purchase. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the single-interaction comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the user device. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the user device and the merchant device, a short-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, a long-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
prior to being able to perform the potential purchase, receiving the user payment data from a network server; and storing the user payment data in the memory of the user device. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein transmitting the user payment data via the wireless link to the merchant device to make the purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the merchant device. 14. A merchant device comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable memory device storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
establishing a communication between the merchant device and a user device via a wireless link between the user device and the merchant device, the communication being associated with a potential purchase and being initiated in connection with the potential purchase, wherein, based on the communication, the user device can present, on a display of the user device, information associated with the potential purchase; and
receiving, at the merchant device and via the wireless link, user payment data to make a purchase, wherein the user payment data is obtained based on (1) the user device receiving a single-interaction from a user in response to the information to confirm a payment for the potential purchase, the single-interaction comprising a security measure to prevent unauthorized purchases and (2) the user device retrieving, based on the single-interaction from the user and according to a program module configured on the user device, the user payment data from a memory of the user device. 15. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the single-interaction with the user device comprises a finger press on a touch-sensitive component of the user device. 16. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the wireless link comprises one of a cellular link, a Bluetooth link directly between the user device and the merchant device, a short-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, a long-wave communication between the user device and the merchant device, or a wireless communication link through a communications network. 17. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the computer-readable memory device stores further instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations further comprising:
initiating the establishing of the communication with the user device based on payment data associated with the potential purchase. 18. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the user payment data identifies a payment account for the user that is used to make the purchase. 19. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein receiving the user payment data via the wireless link at the merchant device to make a purchase is performed according to a protocol for communicating the user payment data to the merchant device. 20. The merchant device of claim 14, wherein the single-interaction from the user occurs after the user device presents instructions on the display. | 2,800 |
341,222 | 16,801,556 | 2,883 | High reliability leadfree solder alloys for harsh service conditions are disclosed. In some embodiments, a solder alloy comprises 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: a component comprising: a main ceramic body, and a side surface having disposed thereon an electrode and a thermal pad; a copper substrate; and a solder alloy electrically coupling the component and the copper substrate, wherein the solder alloy comprises: 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: a light-emitting diode (LED) component; a Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB); and a solder alloy electrically coupling the LED component and the MCPCB, wherein the solder alloy comprises: 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. | 1. A solder alloy, comprising:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. 2. The solder alloy of claim 1, further comprising of 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 3. The solder alloy of claim 1, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 4. The solder alloy of claim 2, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 5. A solder paste, comprising:
flux; and a solder alloy powder comprising:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
2.8-5.0 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 6. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 7. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 8. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a component comprising:
a main ceramic body, and
a side surface having disposed thereon an electrode and a thermal pad;
a copper substrate; and a solder alloy electrically coupling the component and the copper substrate, wherein the solder alloy comprises:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
1.5-3.5 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 13. An LED module in which an LED component and are assembled by using the solder alloy according to claim 1-4. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a light-emitting diode (LED) component; a Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB); and a solder alloy electrically coupling the LED component and the MCPCB, wherein the solder alloy comprises:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
1.5-3.5 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. | High reliability leadfree solder alloys for harsh service conditions are disclosed. In some embodiments, a solder alloy comprises 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: a component comprising: a main ceramic body, and a side surface having disposed thereon an electrode and a thermal pad; a copper substrate; and a solder alloy electrically coupling the component and the copper substrate, wherein the solder alloy comprises: 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: a light-emitting diode (LED) component; a Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB); and a solder alloy electrically coupling the LED component and the MCPCB, wherein the solder alloy comprises: 2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn.1. A solder alloy, comprising:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag; 0.4-0.8 wt % Cu; 5.0-9.0 wt % Sb; 1.5-3.5 wt % Bi; 0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and a remainder of Sn. 2. The solder alloy of claim 1, further comprising of 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 3. The solder alloy of claim 1, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 4. The solder alloy of claim 2, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 5. A solder paste, comprising:
flux; and a solder alloy powder comprising:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
2.8-5.0 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 6. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 7. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 8. The solder paste of claim 5, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 9. An apparatus comprising:
a component comprising:
a main ceramic body, and
a side surface having disposed thereon an electrode and a thermal pad;
a copper substrate; and a solder alloy electrically coupling the component and the copper substrate, wherein the solder alloy comprises:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
1.5-3.5 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 13. An LED module in which an LED component and are assembled by using the solder alloy according to claim 1-4. 14. An apparatus comprising:
a light-emitting diode (LED) component; a Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB); and a solder alloy electrically coupling the LED component and the MCPCB, wherein the solder alloy comprises:
2.5-4.0 wt % Ag;
0.4-0.8 wt % Cu;
5.0-9.0 wt % Sb;
1.5-3.5 wt % Bi;
0.05-0.35 wt % Ni; and
a remainder of Sn. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy further comprises 0.1-3.0 wt % In. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the solder alloy consists essentially of 3.0-4.0 wt % Ag, 0.5-0.7 wt % of Cu, 5.0-6.0 wt % Sb, 2.5-3.5 wt % Bi, 0.3-0.6 wt % In, 0.1-0.2 wt % Ni, and the remainder of Sn. | 2,800 |
341,223 | 16,801,567 | 2,883 | This application describes compounds and methods that can be used to treat, reverse, or avoid hyperalgesia. | 1. A method of treating or reversing hyperalgesia in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hyperalgesia is opioid induced hyperalgesia. 3-4. (canceled) 5. A method of decreasing nociceptive sensitization in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 6-27. (canceled) 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula II-1, Formula II-2, or Formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 29-44. (canceled) 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula IV-1, IV-2, or IV-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 46. (canceled) 47. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula V-1, V-2, V-3, VI-1, VI-2, or VI-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 48-54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula IV-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 56. The method of claim 55, having the structure of Formula VII-1: 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula IX, Formula VII-1, or Formula X, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 58-63. (canceled) 64. The method of claim 55, wherein B5 is an optionally substituted aryl selected from the group consisting of 65. The method of claim 64, wherein R23, R24, and R30 are each independently H, NH2, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, OMe, CN, CH3, phenyl, C3-C6 carbocycle, methanesulfonyl, CF3, 66. The method of claim 64, wherein B5 is 67. The method of claim 64, wherein B5 is 68. The method of claim 66, wherein R23 is alkoxy. 69. (canceled) 70. The method of claim 66, wherein R23 is methoxy. 71. (canceled) 72. The method of any one of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of: 73-83. (canceled) 84. The method of claim 72, wherein the compound, has the formula of 85. (canceled) 86. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a pharmaceutical composition. 87-89. (canceled) 90. The compound of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is formed from non-toxic inorganic or organic acid. 91. The compound of claim 90, wherein the acid is 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, glycollyarsanilic, hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodide, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicylic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, or toluene sulfonic acid. 92. The compound of claim 90, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a fumaric acid salt. 93. The compound of claim 92, wherein the fumaric acid salt of a compound of Formula I is a fumaric acid salt of a compound having the formula of | This application describes compounds and methods that can be used to treat, reverse, or avoid hyperalgesia.1. A method of treating or reversing hyperalgesia in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hyperalgesia is opioid induced hyperalgesia. 3-4. (canceled) 5. A method of decreasing nociceptive sensitization in a subject comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 6-27. (canceled) 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula II-1, Formula II-2, or Formula III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 29-44. (canceled) 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula IV-1, IV-2, or IV-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 46. (canceled) 47. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula V-1, V-2, V-3, VI-1, VI-2, or VI-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 48-54. (canceled) 55. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of Formula IV-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 56. The method of claim 55, having the structure of Formula VII-1: 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula IX, Formula VII-1, or Formula X, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 58-63. (canceled) 64. The method of claim 55, wherein B5 is an optionally substituted aryl selected from the group consisting of 65. The method of claim 64, wherein R23, R24, and R30 are each independently H, NH2, OH, Cl, Br, F, I, OMe, CN, CH3, phenyl, C3-C6 carbocycle, methanesulfonyl, CF3, 66. The method of claim 64, wherein B5 is 67. The method of claim 64, wherein B5 is 68. The method of claim 66, wherein R23 is alkoxy. 69. (canceled) 70. The method of claim 66, wherein R23 is methoxy. 71. (canceled) 72. The method of any one of claim 1, wherein the compound has a formula of: 73-83. (canceled) 84. The method of claim 72, wherein the compound, has the formula of 85. (canceled) 86. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a pharmaceutical composition. 87-89. (canceled) 90. The compound of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is formed from non-toxic inorganic or organic acid. 91. The compound of claim 90, wherein the acid is 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, glycollyarsanilic, hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodide, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicylic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, or toluene sulfonic acid. 92. The compound of claim 90, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a fumaric acid salt. 93. The compound of claim 92, wherein the fumaric acid salt of a compound of Formula I is a fumaric acid salt of a compound having the formula of | 2,800 |
341,224 | 16,801,566 | 2,883 | A cable television (CATV) entry adapter includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing includes an input port configured to connect to a CATV network. The first housing also includes a first output port and a second output port. The second housing includes a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port. The second housing also includes a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. | 1. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a low-pass filter configured to pass CATV signals therethrough and to prevent in-home network signals from passing therethrough; and
a high-pass filter configured to prevent the CATV signals from passing therethrough and to pass the in-home network signals therethrough; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter connected to the high-pass filter; and
a second splitter connected to the low-pass filter, the high-pass filter, or both,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter from receiving the CATV signals; wherein the entry adapter is configured to the transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to a fourth of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; and wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to receive the CATV signals. 2. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 3. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA)-only device. 4. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) device and a CATV device. 5. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the first housing is spaced apart from the second housing. 6. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a diplexer positioned at least partially within the first housing; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises,
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals but not CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the first splitter, and
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals and the CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the second splitter. 7. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 8. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 9. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 10. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 11. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 12. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter through the diplexer. 13. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the diplexer operates in a first frequency range, wherein the first housing is configured to be replaced with a new first housing comprising a second diplexer that operates within a second frequency range that is different than the first frequency range, and wherein the second housing is configured to remain in place when the first housing is replaced with the new first housing. 14. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the first housing is positioned outside of the second housing. 15. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
an input port configured to connect to a CATV network;
a first output port; and
a second output port; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. 16. The CATV entry adapter of claim 15, wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises. 17. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 18. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 19. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter from receiving CATV signals. 20. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 21. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 22. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to receive CATV signals. 23. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter through the second output port to the input port. | A cable television (CATV) entry adapter includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing includes an input port configured to connect to a CATV network. The first housing also includes a first output port and a second output port. The second housing includes a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port. The second housing also includes a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port.1. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a low-pass filter configured to pass CATV signals therethrough and to prevent in-home network signals from passing therethrough; and
a high-pass filter configured to prevent the CATV signals from passing therethrough and to pass the in-home network signals therethrough; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter connected to the high-pass filter; and
a second splitter connected to the low-pass filter, the high-pass filter, or both,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter from receiving the CATV signals; wherein the entry adapter is configured to the transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to a fourth of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; and wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to receive the CATV signals. 2. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 3. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA)-only device. 4. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) device and a CATV device. 5. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the first housing is spaced apart from the second housing. 6. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a diplexer positioned at least partially within the first housing; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises,
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals but not CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the first splitter, and
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals and the CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the second splitter. 7. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 8. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 9. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 10. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 11. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 12. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter through the diplexer. 13. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the diplexer operates in a first frequency range, wherein the first housing is configured to be replaced with a new first housing comprising a second diplexer that operates within a second frequency range that is different than the first frequency range, and wherein the second housing is configured to remain in place when the first housing is replaced with the new first housing. 14. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the first housing is positioned outside of the second housing. 15. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
an input port configured to connect to a CATV network;
a first output port; and
a second output port; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. 16. The CATV entry adapter of claim 15, wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises. 17. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 18. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 19. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter from receiving CATV signals. 20. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 21. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 22. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to receive CATV signals. 23. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter through the second output port to the input port. | 2,800 |
341,225 | 16,801,564 | 2,845 | A cable television (CATV) entry adapter includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing includes an input port configured to connect to a CATV network. The first housing also includes a first output port and a second output port. The second housing includes a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port. The second housing also includes a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. | 1. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a low-pass filter configured to pass CATV signals therethrough and to prevent in-home network signals from passing therethrough; and
a high-pass filter configured to prevent the CATV signals from passing therethrough and to pass the in-home network signals therethrough; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter connected to the high-pass filter; and
a second splitter connected to the low-pass filter, the high-pass filter, or both,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter from receiving the CATV signals; wherein the entry adapter is configured to the transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to a fourth of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; and wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to receive the CATV signals. 2. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 3. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA)-only device. 4. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) device and a CATV device. 5. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the first housing is spaced apart from the second housing. 6. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a diplexer positioned at least partially within the first housing; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises,
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals but not CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the first splitter, and
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals and the CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the second splitter. 7. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 8. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 9. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 10. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 11. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 12. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter through the diplexer. 13. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the diplexer operates in a first frequency range, wherein the first housing is configured to be replaced with a new first housing comprising a second diplexer that operates within a second frequency range that is different than the first frequency range, and wherein the second housing is configured to remain in place when the first housing is replaced with the new first housing. 14. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the first housing is positioned outside of the second housing. 15. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
an input port configured to connect to a CATV network;
a first output port; and
a second output port; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. 16. The CATV entry adapter of claim 15, wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises. 17. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 18. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 19. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter from receiving CATV signals. 20. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 21. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 22. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to receive CATV signals. 23. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter through the second output port to the input port. | A cable television (CATV) entry adapter includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing includes an input port configured to connect to a CATV network. The first housing also includes a first output port and a second output port. The second housing includes a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port. The second housing also includes a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port.1. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a low-pass filter configured to pass CATV signals therethrough and to prevent in-home network signals from passing therethrough; and
a high-pass filter configured to prevent the CATV signals from passing therethrough and to pass the in-home network signals therethrough; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter connected to the high-pass filter; and
a second splitter connected to the low-pass filter, the high-pass filter, or both,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter to a third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter from receiving the CATV signals; wherein the entry adapter is configured to the transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to the first of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the first splitter; wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to a fourth of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter; and wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow the third of the subscriber devices that is configured to be connected to the second splitter to receive the CATV signals. 2. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 3. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA)-only device. 4. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein at least one of the subscriber devices is a multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) device and a CATV device. 5. The CATV entry adapter of claim 1, wherein the first housing is spaced apart from the second housing. 6. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
a diplexer positioned at least partially within the first housing; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and connected to the diplexer,
wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises,
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals but not CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the first splitter, and
wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals and the CATV signals to the subscriber devices that are configured to be connected to the second splitter. 7. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the in-home network signals comprise multimedia over coax alliance (MoCA) signals that are in a different frequency band than the CATV signals. 8. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 9. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 10. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the first splitter. 11. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter. 12. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit the CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is connected to the second splitter through the diplexer. 13. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the diplexer operates in a first frequency range, wherein the first housing is configured to be replaced with a new first housing comprising a second diplexer that operates within a second frequency range that is different than the first frequency range, and wherein the second housing is configured to remain in place when the first housing is replaced with the new first housing. 14. The CATV entry adapter of claim 6, wherein the first housing is positioned outside of the second housing. 15. A cable television (CATV) entry adapter, comprising:
a first housing comprising:
an input port configured to connect to a CATV network;
a first output port; and
a second output port; and
a second housing comprising:
a first splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the first output port; and
a second splitter positioned at least partially within the second housing and configured to connect to the second output port. 16. The CATV entry adapter of claim 15, wherein the first splitter and the second splitter are configured to connect to subscriber devices at a subscriber premises. 17. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 18. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 19. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to prevent a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter from receiving CATV signals. 20. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the first splitter. 21. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit in-home network signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to a second of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter. 22. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to allow a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter to receive CATV signals. 23. The CATV entry adapter of claim 16, wherein the entry adapter is configured to transmit CATV signals from a first of the subscriber devices that is configured to connect to the second splitter through the second output port to the input port. | 2,800 |
341,226 | 16,801,560 | 2,845 | Embodiments provide a batching system that conforms message batches to publication constraints and also to message ordering requirements. An output array of messages is formed from messages received from a plurality of input streams, in which the messages are ordered. The output array preserves the ordering of the messages found in the source input streams. Messages are added from a head of the output array to a batch until addition of a next message to the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint imposed on the batch. According to embodiments, one or more additional messages are included in the current batch when addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch (a) does not violate the particular batch processing constraint, and (b) continues to preserve the ordering of the messages, in the batch, with respect to the respective ordering of each of the plurality of input streams. | 1. A computer-executed method comprising:
populating, with messages received from a plurality of input streams, an output array of messages that, to comply with one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein each input stream, of the plurality of input streams, includes one or more ordered messages; wherein the output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; and forming a batch that includes a set of messages from a head of the output array; wherein the batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the batch; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said processing the batch comprises causing a publishing service to publish the batch as a single message. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said processing the batch is performed without adding additional messages to the batch. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to processing the batch, and in response to determining that inclusion of a next message in the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint of the one or more batch processing constraints:
adding one or more additional messages, from the output array, to the batch such that the ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams;
wherein the one or more additional messages are messages that follow the next message in the output array; and
wherein addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch does not violate the particular batch processing constraint. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 4, further comprising:
identifying the one or more additional messages in the output array by:
determining one or more excluded input streams of the plurality of input streams;
wherein each excluded input stream, of the one or more excluded input streams, is the source of a message that has been excluded from the batch based on the particular batch processing constraint;
identifying the one or more additional messages from input streams, of the plurality of input streams, that are other than the one or more excluded input streams. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 4, further comprising identifying the one or more additional messages from the output array after the next message based on each additional message, of the one or more additional messages, immediately following a respective message, in the batch, according to the ordering of messages of a respective input stream, of the plurality of input streams, from which said each additional message is sourced. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said populating the output array of messages with messages received from the plurality of input streams is performed by an inter-stream router. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more batch processing constraints comprise one or more of: a limit on an amount of data included in the batch; a limit on a number of messages that may be included in the batch; or a required data type for data in the batch. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein processing the batch is performed in response to determining that an amount of time associated with the one or more batch processing constraints has passed. 10. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
populating, with messages received from the plurality of input streams, a second output array of messages that, to comply with second one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein the second output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the second output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the second output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; forming a second batch that includes a second set of messages from a head of the second output array; wherein the second batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the second batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the second one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the second batch. 11. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
populating, with messages received from a plurality of input streams, an output array of messages that, to comply with one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein each input stream, of the plurality of input streams, includes one or more ordered messages; wherein the output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; and forming a batch that includes a set of messages from a head of the output array; wherein the batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the batch. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said processing the batch comprises causing a publishing service to publish the batch as a single message. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said processing the batch is performed without adding additional messages to the batch. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, prior to processing the batch, and in response to determining that inclusion of a next message in the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint of the one or more batch processing constraints:
adding one or more additional messages, from the output array, to the batch such that the ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the one or more additional messages are messages that follow the next message in the output array; and wherein addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch does not violate the particular batch processing constraint. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying the one or more additional messages in the output array by:
determining one or more excluded input streams of the plurality of input streams;
wherein each excluded input stream, of the one or more excluded input streams, is the source of a message that has been excluded from the batch based on the particular batch processing constraint;
identifying the one or more additional messages from input streams, of the plurality of input streams, that are other than the one or more excluded input streams. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause identifying the one or more additional messages from the output array after the next message based on each additional message, of the one or more additional messages, immediately following a respective message, in the batch, according to the ordering of messages of a respective input stream, of the plurality of input streams, from which said each additional message is sourced. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said populating the output array of messages with messages received from the plurality of input streams is performed by an inter-stream router. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more batch processing constraints comprise one or more of: a limit on an amount of data included in the batch; a limit on a number of messages that may be included in the batch; or a required data type for data in the batch. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein processing the batch is performed in response to determining that an amount of time associated with the one or more batch processing constraints has passed. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
populating, with messages received from the plurality of input streams, a second output array of messages that, to comply with second one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein the second output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the second output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the second output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; forming a second batch that includes a second set of messages from a head of the second output array; wherein the second batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the second batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the second one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the second batch. | Embodiments provide a batching system that conforms message batches to publication constraints and also to message ordering requirements. An output array of messages is formed from messages received from a plurality of input streams, in which the messages are ordered. The output array preserves the ordering of the messages found in the source input streams. Messages are added from a head of the output array to a batch until addition of a next message to the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint imposed on the batch. According to embodiments, one or more additional messages are included in the current batch when addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch (a) does not violate the particular batch processing constraint, and (b) continues to preserve the ordering of the messages, in the batch, with respect to the respective ordering of each of the plurality of input streams.1. A computer-executed method comprising:
populating, with messages received from a plurality of input streams, an output array of messages that, to comply with one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein each input stream, of the plurality of input streams, includes one or more ordered messages; wherein the output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; and forming a batch that includes a set of messages from a head of the output array; wherein the batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the batch; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices. 2. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said processing the batch comprises causing a publishing service to publish the batch as a single message. 3. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said processing the batch is performed without adding additional messages to the batch. 4. The computer-executed method of claim 1 further comprising, prior to processing the batch, and in response to determining that inclusion of a next message in the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint of the one or more batch processing constraints:
adding one or more additional messages, from the output array, to the batch such that the ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams;
wherein the one or more additional messages are messages that follow the next message in the output array; and
wherein addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch does not violate the particular batch processing constraint. 5. The computer-executed method of claim 4, further comprising:
identifying the one or more additional messages in the output array by:
determining one or more excluded input streams of the plurality of input streams;
wherein each excluded input stream, of the one or more excluded input streams, is the source of a message that has been excluded from the batch based on the particular batch processing constraint;
identifying the one or more additional messages from input streams, of the plurality of input streams, that are other than the one or more excluded input streams. 6. The computer-executed method of claim 4, further comprising identifying the one or more additional messages from the output array after the next message based on each additional message, of the one or more additional messages, immediately following a respective message, in the batch, according to the ordering of messages of a respective input stream, of the plurality of input streams, from which said each additional message is sourced. 7. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein said populating the output array of messages with messages received from the plurality of input streams is performed by an inter-stream router. 8. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein the one or more batch processing constraints comprise one or more of: a limit on an amount of data included in the batch; a limit on a number of messages that may be included in the batch; or a required data type for data in the batch. 9. The computer-executed method of claim 1, wherein processing the batch is performed in response to determining that an amount of time associated with the one or more batch processing constraints has passed. 10. The computer-executed method of claim 1, further comprising:
populating, with messages received from the plurality of input streams, a second output array of messages that, to comply with second one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein the second output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the second output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the second output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; forming a second batch that includes a second set of messages from a head of the second output array; wherein the second batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the second batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the second one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the second batch. 11. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
populating, with messages received from a plurality of input streams, an output array of messages that, to comply with one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein each input stream, of the plurality of input streams, includes one or more ordered messages; wherein the output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; and forming a batch that includes a set of messages from a head of the output array; wherein the batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the batch. 12. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said processing the batch comprises causing a publishing service to publish the batch as a single message. 13. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said processing the batch is performed without adding additional messages to the batch. 14. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause, prior to processing the batch, and in response to determining that inclusion of a next message in the batch would violate a particular batch processing constraint of the one or more batch processing constraints:
adding one or more additional messages, from the output array, to the batch such that the ordering of messages in the batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the one or more additional messages are messages that follow the next message in the output array; and wherein addition of the one or more additional messages to the batch does not violate the particular batch processing constraint. 15. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
identifying the one or more additional messages in the output array by:
determining one or more excluded input streams of the plurality of input streams;
wherein each excluded input stream, of the one or more excluded input streams, is the source of a message that has been excluded from the batch based on the particular batch processing constraint;
identifying the one or more additional messages from input streams, of the plurality of input streams, that are other than the one or more excluded input streams. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 14, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause identifying the one or more additional messages from the output array after the next message based on each additional message, of the one or more additional messages, immediately following a respective message, in the batch, according to the ordering of messages of a respective input stream, of the plurality of input streams, from which said each additional message is sourced. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein said populating the output array of messages with messages received from the plurality of input streams is performed by an inter-stream router. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more batch processing constraints comprise one or more of: a limit on an amount of data included in the batch; a limit on a number of messages that may be included in the batch; or a required data type for data in the batch. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein processing the batch is performed in response to determining that an amount of time associated with the one or more batch processing constraints has passed. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 11, wherein the one or more sequences of instructions further comprise instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause:
populating, with messages received from the plurality of input streams, a second output array of messages that, to comply with second one or more batch processing constraints, is to be processed in batches; wherein the second output array includes multiple messages from at least one input stream of the plurality of input streams; wherein the second output array is populated in a manner that ordering of messages in the second output array maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams; forming a second batch that includes a second set of messages from a head of the second output array; wherein the second batch is formed in a manner that:
ordering of messages in the second batch maintains the respective ordering of messages in each input stream of the plurality of input streams, and
does not violate the second one or more batch processing constraints;
processing the second batch. | 2,800 |
341,227 | 16,801,571 | 2,845 | A composition that comprises encapsulates, the encapsulates having a core that includes perfume characterized by an acid value of greater than 5.0 mg KOH/g of perfume, the encapsulates also including a shell that includes a (meth)acrylate material. Methods of making and using such compositions. | 1. A composition comprising:
encapsulates,
the encapsulates comprising a core and a shell surrounding the core,
the core comprising a perfume,
the perfume being characterized by an acid value of greater than 5.0 mg KOH/g immediately before encapsulation, as determined by the Acid Value Determination method described herein, and
the shell comprising a polymeric material,
the polymeric material comprising a (meth)acrylate material. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the perfume is characterized by an acid value of greater than about 5.25, or greater than about 5.50, or greater than about 5.75, or greater than about 6.0 mg/KOH immediately before encapsulation. 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the perfume comprises from about 30% to about 75%, or from about 35% to about 70%, or from about 40 to about 60%, by weight of the total perfume in the core immediately after encapsulate formation, of aldehyde compounds, ester compounds, or mixtures thereof. 4. A composition according to claim 3, wherein the perfume comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic aldehydes and/or their acetals; cycloaliphatic aldehydes; aromatic and/or araliphatic aldehydes; aliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic esters; lactones; or mixtures thereof. 5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the core further comprises a partitioning modifier, preferably a partitioning modifier selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably isopropyl myristate. 6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric material of the shell is formed, at least in part, by a radical polymerization process. 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is derived from a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties, preferably wherein the multifunctional acrylate moiety is selected from the group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is derived from a monomer selected from a hexafunctional acrylate, a triacrylate, a hexafunctional aromatic acrylate, an isocyanurate triacrylate, a hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate, a tris (2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, or mixtures of any of the foregoing. 10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulates are characterized by a volume weighted median diameter of about 10 to about 100 microns. 11. A composition according to claim 1, including in addition an adjunct material, wherein the adjunct comprises a material selected from the group consisting of surfactants, conditioning actives, deposition aids, rheology modifiers or structurants, bleach systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, silicones, hueing agents, aesthetic dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, pigments, and mixtures thereof. 12. A composition according to claim 11, wherein the adjunct comprises a surfactant, the surfactant being selected from an anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and combinations thereof. 13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a dissolvable sheet, a pastille or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a bar, a flake or a dryer sheet. 14. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is encapsulated in water-soluble film. | A composition that comprises encapsulates, the encapsulates having a core that includes perfume characterized by an acid value of greater than 5.0 mg KOH/g of perfume, the encapsulates also including a shell that includes a (meth)acrylate material. Methods of making and using such compositions.1. A composition comprising:
encapsulates,
the encapsulates comprising a core and a shell surrounding the core,
the core comprising a perfume,
the perfume being characterized by an acid value of greater than 5.0 mg KOH/g immediately before encapsulation, as determined by the Acid Value Determination method described herein, and
the shell comprising a polymeric material,
the polymeric material comprising a (meth)acrylate material. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the perfume is characterized by an acid value of greater than about 5.25, or greater than about 5.50, or greater than about 5.75, or greater than about 6.0 mg/KOH immediately before encapsulation. 3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the perfume comprises from about 30% to about 75%, or from about 35% to about 70%, or from about 40 to about 60%, by weight of the total perfume in the core immediately after encapsulate formation, of aldehyde compounds, ester compounds, or mixtures thereof. 4. A composition according to claim 3, wherein the perfume comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic aldehydes and/or their acetals; cycloaliphatic aldehydes; aromatic and/or araliphatic aldehydes; aliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic esters; lactones; or mixtures thereof. 5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the core further comprises a partitioning modifier, preferably a partitioning modifier selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, mono-, di-, and tri-esters of C4-C24 fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, dodecanophenone, lauryl laurate, methyl behenate, methyl laurate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably isopropyl myristate. 6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric material of the shell is formed, at least in part, by a radical polymerization process. 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate, a polyethylene glycol acrylate, a polyurethane acrylate, an epoxy acrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polyethylene glycol methacrylate, a polyurethane methacrylate, an epoxy methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is derived from a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties, preferably wherein the multifunctional acrylate moiety is selected from the group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acrylate material is derived from a monomer selected from a hexafunctional acrylate, a triacrylate, a hexafunctional aromatic acrylate, an isocyanurate triacrylate, a hexafunctional aromatic urethane acrylate, a tris (2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, or mixtures of any of the foregoing. 10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulates are characterized by a volume weighted median diameter of about 10 to about 100 microns. 11. A composition according to claim 1, including in addition an adjunct material, wherein the adjunct comprises a material selected from the group consisting of surfactants, conditioning actives, deposition aids, rheology modifiers or structurants, bleach systems, stabilizers, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic metal complexes, polymeric dispersing agents, clay and soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, silicones, hueing agents, aesthetic dyes, additional perfumes and perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, anti-agglomeration agents, coatings, formaldehyde scavengers, pigments, and mixtures thereof. 12. A composition according to claim 11, wherein the adjunct comprises a surfactant, the surfactant being selected from an anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, zwitterionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and combinations thereof. 13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a liquid composition, a granular composition, a dissolvable sheet, a pastille or bead, a fibrous article, a tablet, a bar, a flake or a dryer sheet. 14. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is encapsulated in water-soluble film. | 2,800 |
341,228 | 16,801,522 | 2,845 | A spacer tool for assembling a glass panel on a frame is provided. The spacer tool includes a body defining a central axis and a width along the central axis. The spacer tool includes a bore disposed within the body and axially aligned along the central axis. The bore is adapted to receive an alignment pin disposed on the frame. The spacer tool also includes a plurality of lands disposed on the body. Each of the plurality of lands is disposed substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the central axis, each of the plurality of lands is adapted to selectively contact an edge of the glass panel. Each of the plurality of lands is disposed at a distance relative to the central axis different from one another. | 1. A spacer tool for assembling a glass panel on a frame, the spacer tool comprising:
a body defining a central axis and a width along the central axis; a bore disposed within the body and axially aligned along the central axis, the bore adapted to receive an alignment pin disposed on the frame; and a plurality of lands disposed on the body, each of the plurality of lands disposed substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the central axis, each of the plurality of lands adapted to selectively contact an edge of the glass panel,
wherein each of the plurality of lands is disposed at a distance relative to the central axis different from one another. 2. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lands is substantially perpendicular to one another. 3. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein opposing lands of the plurality of lands are substantially parallel to one another. 4. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lands includes four lands. 5. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lands has a substantially rectangular configuration. 6. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the bore extends substantially along the width of the body. 7. The spacer tool of claim 1 further includes a plurality of connecting surfaces, each of the plurality of connecting surfaces disposed between adjacent lands of the plurality of lands. 8. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of lands is raised relative to adjacent connecting surfaces of the plurality of connecting surfaces. 9. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of connecting surfaces defines an angle relative to an adjacent land of the plurality of lands. 10. The spacer tool of claim 9, wherein the angle of each of the plurality of connecting surfaces is different from one another. 11. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of connecting surfaces has a curved configuration. 12. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool has a substantially diamond-like configuration. 13. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool has a substantially rectangular configuration. 14. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool is manufactured using at least one of molding and additive manufacturing. 15. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool is manufactured using a polymer. 16. A method for assembling a glass panel on a frame using a spacer tool, the method comprising:
providing, rotatably, the spacer tool on an alignment pin disposed on the frame; providing the glass panel on the frame adjacent to the spacer tool; contacting an edge of the glass panel with a first land of a plurality of lands disposed on the spacer tool, the first land disposed at a first distance from a central axis of the spacer tool; and aligning a fitting portion on the glass panel with another fitting portion of an adjacent glass panel. 17. The method of claim 16 further includes rotating, about the alignment pin, the spacer tool to contact the edge of the glass panel with any of a second land, a third land, and a fourth land of the plurality of lands. 18. The method of claim 16 further includes removing the spacer tool from the alignment pin. 19. The method of claim 16 further includes bonding the glass panel to the frame. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the spacer tool includes receiving the alignment pin within a bore of the spacer tool. | A spacer tool for assembling a glass panel on a frame is provided. The spacer tool includes a body defining a central axis and a width along the central axis. The spacer tool includes a bore disposed within the body and axially aligned along the central axis. The bore is adapted to receive an alignment pin disposed on the frame. The spacer tool also includes a plurality of lands disposed on the body. Each of the plurality of lands is disposed substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the central axis, each of the plurality of lands is adapted to selectively contact an edge of the glass panel. Each of the plurality of lands is disposed at a distance relative to the central axis different from one another.1. A spacer tool for assembling a glass panel on a frame, the spacer tool comprising:
a body defining a central axis and a width along the central axis; a bore disposed within the body and axially aligned along the central axis, the bore adapted to receive an alignment pin disposed on the frame; and a plurality of lands disposed on the body, each of the plurality of lands disposed substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the central axis, each of the plurality of lands adapted to selectively contact an edge of the glass panel,
wherein each of the plurality of lands is disposed at a distance relative to the central axis different from one another. 2. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lands is substantially perpendicular to one another. 3. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein opposing lands of the plurality of lands are substantially parallel to one another. 4. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lands includes four lands. 5. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lands has a substantially rectangular configuration. 6. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the bore extends substantially along the width of the body. 7. The spacer tool of claim 1 further includes a plurality of connecting surfaces, each of the plurality of connecting surfaces disposed between adjacent lands of the plurality of lands. 8. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of lands is raised relative to adjacent connecting surfaces of the plurality of connecting surfaces. 9. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of connecting surfaces defines an angle relative to an adjacent land of the plurality of lands. 10. The spacer tool of claim 9, wherein the angle of each of the plurality of connecting surfaces is different from one another. 11. The spacer tool of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of connecting surfaces has a curved configuration. 12. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool has a substantially diamond-like configuration. 13. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool has a substantially rectangular configuration. 14. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool is manufactured using at least one of molding and additive manufacturing. 15. The spacer tool of claim 1, wherein the spacer tool is manufactured using a polymer. 16. A method for assembling a glass panel on a frame using a spacer tool, the method comprising:
providing, rotatably, the spacer tool on an alignment pin disposed on the frame; providing the glass panel on the frame adjacent to the spacer tool; contacting an edge of the glass panel with a first land of a plurality of lands disposed on the spacer tool, the first land disposed at a first distance from a central axis of the spacer tool; and aligning a fitting portion on the glass panel with another fitting portion of an adjacent glass panel. 17. The method of claim 16 further includes rotating, about the alignment pin, the spacer tool to contact the edge of the glass panel with any of a second land, a third land, and a fourth land of the plurality of lands. 18. The method of claim 16 further includes removing the spacer tool from the alignment pin. 19. The method of claim 16 further includes bonding the glass panel to the frame. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein providing the spacer tool includes receiving the alignment pin within a bore of the spacer tool. | 2,800 |
341,229 | 16,801,538 | 2,845 | Provided is a method for decoding a picture, performed by a decoding apparatus. The method includes deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block; deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block when an intra prediction mode of the chroma block is a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block corresponding to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; and reconstructing the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein when the top boundary of the luma block overlaps with a boundary of a coding tree unit (CTU), the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. | 1. A method for decoding a picture, performed by a decoding apparatus, the method comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; and reconstructing the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples comprise down-sampled left neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled top neighboring luma reference samples, and
based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is three, and the number of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled left neighboring luma reference sample is six. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (2*x−1, −1), (2*x, −1), and (2*x+1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (x, −1). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (−1, −1), (0, −1) and (1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is a sample value of a luma reference sample corresponding to the coordinate (−1, −1). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the linear model parameter comprises a first linear model parameter representing a scaling factor and a second linear model parameter representing offset. 7. A method for encoding a picture, performed by an encoding apparatus, the method comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; deriving residual samples for the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block; and encoding picture information including information for the residual samples, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples comprise down-sampled left neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled top neighboring luma reference samples, and
based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is three, and the number of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled left neighboring luma reference sample is six. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (2*x−1, −1), (2*x, −1), and (2*x+1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (x, −1). 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (−1, −1), (0, −1) and (1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is a sample value of a luma reference sample corresponding to the coordinate (−1, −1). 12. The method of claim 9, wherein, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is no sample value of the luma reference sample corresponding to a coordinate (−1, −1), in order to derive the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample, a one top neighboring luma reference sample is used, and a sample value of the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is determined as a sample value of the top neighboring luma reference sample located at the coordinate (0, −1). 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the linear model parameter comprises a first linear model parameter representing a scaling factor and a second linear model parameter representing offset. 14. A storage medium readable by a decoder for storing picture information generated by the method for encoding the picture of claim 7, the method for encoding the picture comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; deriving residual samples for the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block; and encoding picture information including information for the residual samples, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 15. The storage medium of claim 14, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. | Provided is a method for decoding a picture, performed by a decoding apparatus. The method includes deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block; deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block when an intra prediction mode of the chroma block is a cross-component linear model (CCLM) mode; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block corresponding to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; and reconstructing the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein when the top boundary of the luma block overlaps with a boundary of a coding tree unit (CTU), the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples.1. A method for decoding a picture, performed by a decoding apparatus, the method comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; and reconstructing the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples comprise down-sampled left neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled top neighboring luma reference samples, and
based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is three, and the number of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled left neighboring luma reference sample is six. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (2*x−1, −1), (2*x, −1), and (2*x+1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (x, −1). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (−1, −1), (0, −1) and (1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is a sample value of a luma reference sample corresponding to the coordinate (−1, −1). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the linear model parameter comprises a first linear model parameter representing a scaling factor and a second linear model parameter representing offset. 7. A method for encoding a picture, performed by an encoding apparatus, the method comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; deriving residual samples for the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block; and encoding picture information including information for the residual samples, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples comprise down-sampled left neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled top neighboring luma reference samples, and
based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is three, and the number of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving one down-sampled left neighboring luma reference sample is six. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (2*x−1, −1), (2*x, −1), and (2*x+1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (x, −1). 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the three top neighboring luma reference samples are located at coordinates (−1, −1), (0, −1) and (1, −1), respectively, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is a sample value of a luma reference sample corresponding to the coordinate (−1, −1). 12. The method of claim 9, wherein, when the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample has a coordinate (0, −1) and there is no sample value of the luma reference sample corresponding to a coordinate (−1, −1), in order to derive the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample, a one top neighboring luma reference sample is used, and a sample value of the down-sampled top neighboring luma reference sample is determined as a sample value of the top neighboring luma reference sample located at the coordinate (0, −1). 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the linear model parameter comprises a first linear model parameter representing a scaling factor and a second linear model parameter representing offset. 14. A storage medium readable by a decoder for storing picture information generated by the method for encoding the picture of claim 7, the method for encoding the picture comprises:
deriving neighboring chroma reference samples for a chroma block; deriving neighboring luma reference samples of a luma block related to the chroma block and luma samples in the luma block; deriving down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and down-sampled luma samples by down-sampling the neighboring luma reference samples and the luma samples; deriving a linear model parameter based on the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples and the neighboring chroma reference samples; generating prediction samples for the chroma block based on the linear model parameter and the down-sampled luma samples of the luma block; deriving residual samples for the chroma block based on the prediction samples for the chroma block; and encoding picture information including information for the residual samples, wherein the neighboring luma reference samples includes top neighboring luma reference samples located at the upper side of a top boundary of the luma block, and left neighboring luma reference samples located at the left side of a left boundary of the luma block, and wherein based on the luma block located in a current coding tree unit (CTU) that is different from a CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the number of the top neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples among the neighboring luma reference samples is less than that of the left neighboring luma reference samples used for deriving the down-sampled neighboring luma reference samples. 15. The storage medium of claim 14, wherein based on the luma block located in the current CTU that is different from the CTU in which the top neighboring luma reference samples is located, the top neighboring luma reference samples are located in a horizontal 1 sample line adjacent to the top boundary of the luma block. | 2,800 |
341,230 | 16,801,559 | 2,845 | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment. | 1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment.1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | 2,800 |
341,231 | 16,801,557 | 2,845 | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment. | 1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment.1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | 2,800 |
341,232 | 16,801,551 | 2,845 | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment. | 1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | Provided herein are methods that enable the polarization of hPSC mesoderm such that closely related yet distinct cardiovascular populations can be generated efficiently without the need of post-facto enrichment.1. A method of promoting wound healing on or in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell to a wound. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 4. A method of promoting angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a human endocardial endothelial cell derived from a human pluripotent stem cell. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is autologous to the subject. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 7. A method of producing cardiac valve interstitial cells, comprising contacting endocardial endothelial cells derived from a human pluripotent stem cell with a TGF-β pathway agonist, culturing the cells within a 3-dimensional matrix and/or an agent that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising culturing the cells in or on an extracellular matrix preparation or a synthetic 3-dimensional material. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has increased expression of SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) as compared to a cell from which it is derived. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the cardiac valve interstitial cell has decreased expression of VE-cadherin and CD31as compared to a cell from which it is derived. | 2,800 |
341,233 | 16,801,568 | 2,874 | The method provided by the present disclosure is for performing curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon. The method of the present disclosure performs a first stage of curing and a second stage of curing 200 on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. The first stage of curing is performed using a ribbon die and one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units. Further, the second stage of curing is performed using a source of the one or more ultraviolet lamps (UV lamps) in an UV chamber. | 1. A method for curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
a first stage curing on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the first stage of curing uses first one or more ultraviolet LED unit, wherein first stage of curing performs partial curing; and a second stage of curing on the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the second stage of curing uses second one or more ultraviolet chamber, wherein second stage of curing performs complete curing. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units performs around 80 percent of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon in the first stage of curing. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet chamber performs around 20 percent of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon in the second stage of curing. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet LED units provides UV rays as a uni-directional beam which narrows down the light intensity in one direction and thus illuminates maximum intensity. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein UV chamber includes UV lamp, quartz tube, reflector plates, filtering system etc. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LED segment of UV LED unit has a width ranges in between 50 mm to 120 mm. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein UV lamp of UV chamber has a width ranges in between 30 cm to 100 cm. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units emit electromagnetic radiations towards the optical fibre ribbon to perform the first stage of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet lamps (UV lamps) of the one or more UV chamber emits electromagnetic radiations towards the optical fibre ribbon to perform the second stage of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein power output in the second stage of curing is in range of about 1000 watts to 1300 watts. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units emit electromagnetic radiations of wavelength in range of about 365 nanometer to 450 nanometer in the first stage of curing. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units are situated at a distance in range of about 5 millimeter to 40 millimeter from head of the ribbon die in the first stage of curing. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units produce power output based on operating wavelength in range of about 1200 watts to 10000 watts in the first stage of curing. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each lamp of the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units is incident on the optical fibre ribbon at an angle in range of about 35 degrees to 80 degrees in the first stage of curing. 15. A method for curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
a first stage curing on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the first stage of curing uses first one or more ultraviolet LED unit, wherein first stage of curing performs around 80 percent of curing; and a second stage of curing on the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the second stage of curing uses second one or more ultraviolet chamber, wherein second stage of curing performs 100% curing. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the second stage of curing is done at 1000 watts to 1300 watts. | The method provided by the present disclosure is for performing curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon. The method of the present disclosure performs a first stage of curing and a second stage of curing 200 on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. The first stage of curing is performed using a ribbon die and one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units. Further, the second stage of curing is performed using a source of the one or more ultraviolet lamps (UV lamps) in an UV chamber.1. A method for curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
a first stage curing on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the first stage of curing uses first one or more ultraviolet LED unit, wherein first stage of curing performs partial curing; and a second stage of curing on the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the second stage of curing uses second one or more ultraviolet chamber, wherein second stage of curing performs complete curing. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units performs around 80 percent of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon in the first stage of curing. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet chamber performs around 20 percent of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon in the second stage of curing. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet LED units provides UV rays as a uni-directional beam which narrows down the light intensity in one direction and thus illuminates maximum intensity. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein UV chamber includes UV lamp, quartz tube, reflector plates, filtering system etc. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LED segment of UV LED unit has a width ranges in between 50 mm to 120 mm. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein UV lamp of UV chamber has a width ranges in between 30 cm to 100 cm. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units emit electromagnetic radiations towards the optical fibre ribbon to perform the first stage of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet lamps (UV lamps) of the one or more UV chamber emits electromagnetic radiations towards the optical fibre ribbon to perform the second stage of curing of the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein power output in the second stage of curing is in range of about 1000 watts to 1300 watts. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units emit electromagnetic radiations of wavelength in range of about 365 nanometer to 450 nanometer in the first stage of curing. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units are situated at a distance in range of about 5 millimeter to 40 millimeter from head of the ribbon die in the first stage of curing. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units produce power output based on operating wavelength in range of about 1200 watts to 10000 watts in the first stage of curing. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each lamp of the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) units is incident on the optical fibre ribbon at an angle in range of about 35 degrees to 80 degrees in the first stage of curing. 15. A method for curing during manufacturing of an optical fibre ribbon, the method comprising:
a first stage curing on a matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the first stage of curing uses first one or more ultraviolet LED unit, wherein first stage of curing performs around 80 percent of curing; and a second stage of curing on the matrix material of the optical fibre ribbon, wherein the second stage of curing uses second one or more ultraviolet chamber, wherein second stage of curing performs 100% curing. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the second stage of curing is done at 1000 watts to 1300 watts. | 2,800 |
341,234 | 16,801,541 | 3,746 | Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid. displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless. | 1) An energy storage device comprising: a first shaft comprising an input end and an output end to input rotational kinetic energy to be stored;
a main shaft comprising an input end and an output end; a transmission operably connected to the output end of the first shaft and to the input end of the main shaft such that the transmission can change a rotation ratio between the first shaft and the main shaft; a pully rigidly connected to the main shaft such that rotation of the main shaft causes rotation of the pully; a storage unit comprising an object to be displaced vertically such that potential energy due to gravity can be increased, the object being operably connected to the pully; a cable operably connected to the pully such that the rotation of the pully displaces the object vertically; a second shaft comprising an input end and an output end to output the stored energy; a second transmission operably connected to output end of the main shaft and to the input end of the second shaft such that the transmission can change the rotation ratio between the main shaft and the second shaft; with the cable operably connected to the pully such that the rotation of the pully displaces the object vertically downward to increase potential energy, wherein the object is a buoyant object. 2) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a wind turbine operably connected such that the wind turbine can rotate the first shaft. 3) An energy storage device as in claim 1 where the input end of the first shaft operably connected to a power take-off shaft of a diesel tractor such that the diesel tractor can rotate the first shaft. 4) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a hydraulic motor operably connected such that the hydraulic motor can rotate the first shaft. 5) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a pneumatic motor operably connected such that the pneumatic motor can rotate the first shaft. 6) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a electric motor operably connected such that the electric motor can rotate the first shaft. 7) An energy storage device as in claim 1, where the output end of the second shaft is operably connected to factory machinery such that the second shaft can rotate the factory machinery. | Device for storing energy, using a physical object, such as a mass or buoyant object floating in fluid. A mass is repositioned to greater altitude in a gravitational field to a position of higher potential energy. A buoyant object is forcibly submerged into a fluid. displacing fluid, to a position of higher potential energy. The stored potential energy may be recovered with extremely low loss regardless of the state of charge of the system, or length of time of the storage. Maintaining the charge is indefinitely lossless.1) An energy storage device comprising: a first shaft comprising an input end and an output end to input rotational kinetic energy to be stored;
a main shaft comprising an input end and an output end; a transmission operably connected to the output end of the first shaft and to the input end of the main shaft such that the transmission can change a rotation ratio between the first shaft and the main shaft; a pully rigidly connected to the main shaft such that rotation of the main shaft causes rotation of the pully; a storage unit comprising an object to be displaced vertically such that potential energy due to gravity can be increased, the object being operably connected to the pully; a cable operably connected to the pully such that the rotation of the pully displaces the object vertically; a second shaft comprising an input end and an output end to output the stored energy; a second transmission operably connected to output end of the main shaft and to the input end of the second shaft such that the transmission can change the rotation ratio between the main shaft and the second shaft; with the cable operably connected to the pully such that the rotation of the pully displaces the object vertically downward to increase potential energy, wherein the object is a buoyant object. 2) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a wind turbine operably connected such that the wind turbine can rotate the first shaft. 3) An energy storage device as in claim 1 where the input end of the first shaft operably connected to a power take-off shaft of a diesel tractor such that the diesel tractor can rotate the first shaft. 4) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a hydraulic motor operably connected such that the hydraulic motor can rotate the first shaft. 5) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a pneumatic motor operably connected such that the pneumatic motor can rotate the first shaft. 6) An energy storage device as in claim 1 with a electric motor operably connected such that the electric motor can rotate the first shaft. 7) An energy storage device as in claim 1, where the output end of the second shaft is operably connected to factory machinery such that the second shaft can rotate the factory machinery. | 3,700 |
341,235 | 16,801,554 | 3,746 | Provided in this disclosure is a wireless audio system including one or more wireless transmitters for receiving respective one or more audio signals from respective participants and transmitting the audio signals as one or more respective production quality wireless signals and as one or more respective Bluetooth wireless signals. A receiver is provided for receiving the production quality wireless signals from the participant(s) for subsequent processing. A personal mobile device is provided for receiving the respective Bluetooth wireless signal from the participant(s) and storing the respective Bluetooth wireless signals as retrievable playback sound files for subsequent personal playback by one or more of the participants on the personal mobile device. | 1. A wireless audio system, comprising:
a first wireless transmitter for receiving a first audio signal and transmitting said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal; a receiver for receiving said first production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing; a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal; and a personal mobile device for receiving said first Bluetooth wireless signal and storing said first Bluetooth wireless signal as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by an associated user on said personal mobile device; wherein said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. 2. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said production quality wireless signal comprises a UHF wireless signal or a 2.4 GHz wireless signal. 3. The wireless audio system of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone for capturing said first audio signal; wherein said microphone includes a wired connection to said first wireless transmitter and to said first Bluetooth signal transmitter. 4. The wireless audio system of claim 3, wherein said microphone comprises a lavalier microphone that further comprises said wireless transmitter. 5. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said receiver comprises a mixer/recorder component for storing said production quality wireless signal as at least one retrievable production sound file for said subsequent processing. 6-8. (canceled) 9. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises a smartphone. 10. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises a tablet device. 11. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises an application for wirelessly controlling said Bluetooth signal transmitter. 12. A computer-implemented application for a personal mobile device comprising:
first wireless transmitter instructions for controlling a first wireless transmitter that receives a first audio signal and transmits said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal; instructions for controlling a receiver that receives said first production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing; first Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions for controlling a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal; instructions for controlling reception of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device; and instructions for controlling storage of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by an associated user on said personal mobile device; wherein said first wireless transmitter instructions and said first Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions simultaneously transmit said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented application of claim 12, further comprising instructions for monitoring and displaying temperature and battery life of said wireless transmitter and said receiver. 16. The computer-implemented application of claim 12, wherein said application is configured to be compatible with a smartphone operating system. 17. A wireless audio system, comprising:
a first lavalier microphone for capturing a first audio signal generated by a first associated participant, said first lavalier microphone further comprising a first wireless transmitter for receiving said first audio signal and transmitting said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal comprising at least one of a first UHF wireless signal or a first 2.4 GHz wireless signal; a second lavalier microphone for capturing a second audio signal generated by a second associated participant, said second lavalier microphone further comprising a second wireless transmitter for receiving said second audio signal and transmitting said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal comprising at least one of a second UHF wireless signal or a second 2.4GHz wireless signal; a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal, wherein said first Bluetooth signal transmitter is incorporated into at least one of said first wireless transmitter or said receiver; a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal, wherein said second Bluetooth signal transmitter is incorporated into at least one of said second wireless transmitter or said receiver; and a receiver for receiving said first and second production quality wireless signals but neither said first nor said second Bluetooth wireless signals, said receiver comprising a mixer/recorder component for storing said first and second production quality wireless signal as respective first and second retrievable production sound files for subsequent processing; Atty. Docket: 42170.60009 a personal mobile device for receiving said first and second Bluetooth wireless signals but neither said first nor said second production quality wireless signals; wherein said personal mobile device stores and storing said first and second Bluetooth wireless signals as respective first and second retrievable playback sound files for subsequent personal playback by at least one of said first and second associated participants on said personal mobile device. 18. The wireless audio system of claim 1 further comprising:
a housing;
wherein both the wireless transmitter and the Bluetooth signal transmitter are retained in the housing. 19. The wireless audio system of claim 18 wherein the housing is adapted to be worn by an associated user. 20. The wireless audio system of claim 1 further comprising:
a second wireless transmitter for receiving a second audio signal and transmitting said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal;
said receiver for receiving said second production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing;
a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal; and
said personal mobile device for receiving said second Bluetooth wireless signal and storing said second Bluetooth wireless signal as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by said associated user on said personal mobile device;
wherein said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. 21. The computer-implemented application of claim 12 further comprising:
second wireless transmitter instructions for controlling a second wireless transmitter that receives a second audio signal and transmits said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal;
second Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions for controlling a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal;
wherein:
1) said instructions for controlling said receiver also control said receiver to receive said second production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing;
2) said instructions for controlling reception of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device also control reception of said second Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device;
3) said instructions for controlling storage of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device also control storage of said second Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by said associated user on said personal mobile device; and
4) said second wireless transmitter instructions and said second Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions simultaneously transmit said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal. 22. The wireless audio system of claim 17 wherein:
said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously; and
said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. | Provided in this disclosure is a wireless audio system including one or more wireless transmitters for receiving respective one or more audio signals from respective participants and transmitting the audio signals as one or more respective production quality wireless signals and as one or more respective Bluetooth wireless signals. A receiver is provided for receiving the production quality wireless signals from the participant(s) for subsequent processing. A personal mobile device is provided for receiving the respective Bluetooth wireless signal from the participant(s) and storing the respective Bluetooth wireless signals as retrievable playback sound files for subsequent personal playback by one or more of the participants on the personal mobile device.1. A wireless audio system, comprising:
a first wireless transmitter for receiving a first audio signal and transmitting said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal; a receiver for receiving said first production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing; a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal; and a personal mobile device for receiving said first Bluetooth wireless signal and storing said first Bluetooth wireless signal as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by an associated user on said personal mobile device; wherein said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. 2. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said production quality wireless signal comprises a UHF wireless signal or a 2.4 GHz wireless signal. 3. The wireless audio system of claim 1, further comprising:
a microphone for capturing said first audio signal; wherein said microphone includes a wired connection to said first wireless transmitter and to said first Bluetooth signal transmitter. 4. The wireless audio system of claim 3, wherein said microphone comprises a lavalier microphone that further comprises said wireless transmitter. 5. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said receiver comprises a mixer/recorder component for storing said production quality wireless signal as at least one retrievable production sound file for said subsequent processing. 6-8. (canceled) 9. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises a smartphone. 10. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises a tablet device. 11. The wireless audio system of claim 1, wherein said personal mobile device comprises an application for wirelessly controlling said Bluetooth signal transmitter. 12. A computer-implemented application for a personal mobile device comprising:
first wireless transmitter instructions for controlling a first wireless transmitter that receives a first audio signal and transmits said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal; instructions for controlling a receiver that receives said first production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing; first Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions for controlling a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal; instructions for controlling reception of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device; and instructions for controlling storage of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by an associated user on said personal mobile device; wherein said first wireless transmitter instructions and said first Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions simultaneously transmit said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The computer-implemented application of claim 12, further comprising instructions for monitoring and displaying temperature and battery life of said wireless transmitter and said receiver. 16. The computer-implemented application of claim 12, wherein said application is configured to be compatible with a smartphone operating system. 17. A wireless audio system, comprising:
a first lavalier microphone for capturing a first audio signal generated by a first associated participant, said first lavalier microphone further comprising a first wireless transmitter for receiving said first audio signal and transmitting said first audio signal as a first production quality wireless signal comprising at least one of a first UHF wireless signal or a first 2.4 GHz wireless signal; a second lavalier microphone for capturing a second audio signal generated by a second associated participant, said second lavalier microphone further comprising a second wireless transmitter for receiving said second audio signal and transmitting said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal comprising at least one of a second UHF wireless signal or a second 2.4GHz wireless signal; a first Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said first audio signal as a first Bluetooth wireless signal, wherein said first Bluetooth signal transmitter is incorporated into at least one of said first wireless transmitter or said receiver; a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal, wherein said second Bluetooth signal transmitter is incorporated into at least one of said second wireless transmitter or said receiver; and a receiver for receiving said first and second production quality wireless signals but neither said first nor said second Bluetooth wireless signals, said receiver comprising a mixer/recorder component for storing said first and second production quality wireless signal as respective first and second retrievable production sound files for subsequent processing; Atty. Docket: 42170.60009 a personal mobile device for receiving said first and second Bluetooth wireless signals but neither said first nor said second production quality wireless signals; wherein said personal mobile device stores and storing said first and second Bluetooth wireless signals as respective first and second retrievable playback sound files for subsequent personal playback by at least one of said first and second associated participants on said personal mobile device. 18. The wireless audio system of claim 1 further comprising:
a housing;
wherein both the wireless transmitter and the Bluetooth signal transmitter are retained in the housing. 19. The wireless audio system of claim 18 wherein the housing is adapted to be worn by an associated user. 20. The wireless audio system of claim 1 further comprising:
a second wireless transmitter for receiving a second audio signal and transmitting said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal;
said receiver for receiving said second production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing;
a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal; and
said personal mobile device for receiving said second Bluetooth wireless signal and storing said second Bluetooth wireless signal as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by said associated user on said personal mobile device;
wherein said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. 21. The computer-implemented application of claim 12 further comprising:
second wireless transmitter instructions for controlling a second wireless transmitter that receives a second audio signal and transmits said second audio signal as a second production quality wireless signal;
second Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions for controlling a second Bluetooth signal transmitter for transmitting said second audio signal as a second Bluetooth wireless signal;
wherein:
1) said instructions for controlling said receiver also control said receiver to receive said second production quality wireless signal for subsequent processing;
2) said instructions for controlling reception of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device also control reception of said second Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device;
3) said instructions for controlling storage of said first Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device also control storage of said second Bluetooth wireless signal on said personal mobile device as at least one retrievable playback sound file for subsequent personal playback by said associated user on said personal mobile device; and
4) said second wireless transmitter instructions and said second Bluetooth signal transmitter instructions simultaneously transmit said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal. 22. The wireless audio system of claim 17 wherein:
said first production quality wireless signal and said first Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously; and
said second production quality wireless signal and said second Bluetooth wireless signal are transmitted simultaneously. | 3,700 |
341,236 | 16,801,569 | 3,761 | A vaporization device allow users to consume removable cartridges filled with vaporizable material. The vaporizer devices defines a receptacle shaped to receive a cartridge in a snug and compact nesting arrangement. The vaporizer device ensures that the installed cartridges are secured and provide a sealed fluid path. A system is disclosed for wirelessly provisioning of the vaporization device to connect to a data server. | 1. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
providing a vaporizer device comprising a vaporizer body; providing a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer device, the control assembly comprising a first wireless communication module and the control assembly comprising a memory circuit for storing a first SSID and a first password and for executing steps of entering a wireless provisioning mode through creating a web server using the control assembly and the first wireless communication module by providing a first access point functioning as a web server having the first SSID and the first password and first IP address; provisioning the vaporizer device for wirelessly connect with a third wireless communication module as part of a router assembly having a third SSID and third password for and accessing a dosing data server having a dosing data server database through internet access by providing a second wireless communication module as part of a computing device having a display screen and a processing circuitry for executing a web browser and connecting of the second wireless communication module to the first wireless communication module first access point functioning as the web server in an administrator mode by using the first SSID and the first password and the first IP address through the web server displaying a vaporizer device HTML page wirelessly provided by the web server, wherein on the display screen the third SSID and third password is provided as input parameters to the displaying vaporizer device HTML page and the provided input is wirelessly provided to the control assembly, enabling storing of the third SSID and third password within the memory circuit of the control assembly for enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server database through the internet access. 2. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 comprising: providing a keypad electrically coupled with the control assembly and entering a key sequence on the keypad for enabling of the control assembly for functioning as the web server. 3. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 wherein the first IP address comprises 192.168.X.X. 4. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 wherein the vaporizer device comprises an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end;
a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall;
an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment;
a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold;
an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end;
a heating element assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, wherein the heating element is thermally coupled with the heating element assembly, and wherein heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and
a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end,
wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow path is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow path passing proximate the heating element assembly;
where the control assembly includes a vaporizer device memory circuit and is substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated the at least a pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile,
the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow path and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece,
wherein upon inhalation from the mouthpiece an interaction is generated and also generating an interaction log by the control assembly, where for an interaction from a plurality of interaction with the vaporizer device a plurality of interaction parameters are stored are stored within the vaporizer device memory circuit. 5. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 comprising providing a mouthpiece as part of the vaporization device and generating an interaction through inhalation through the mouthpiece and generating an interaction log by the control assembly for storing of the interaction log within the vaporization device memory circuit wherein for each interaction with the vaporizer device by the user, there may be a plurality of interaction parameters generated. 6. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 5 wherein the interaction log comprises data relating to at least two of the following interaction parameters comprising a start use time and an end use time and a duration of use time and a an ambient temperature surrounding vaporizer device and a battery level of the vaporizer device and an actual inhalation profile achieve through inhalation from the mouthpiece and a selected dose size and a pulse width modulation profile applied to the heating element and a corresponding calibrated measured dose value and an angle at which the vaporizer device is being held in relation to ground and a user reported dose effectiveness. 7. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 6 comprising providing a keypad comprising a plurality of keys electrically coupled with the control assembly and post inhalation from the vaporization device for entering a key from the plurality of keys for receiving input from the user as the user reported dose effectiveness. 8. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 5 wherein the enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server through the internet access comprises transferring of the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit to the dosing data server database as a stored interaction log. 9. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 8 wherein the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit comprises a first interaction and a second interaction where data corresponding to the first interaction is different than data corresponding to the second interaction. 10. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
providing a vaporizer device comprising a vaporizer body; providing a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer device, the control assembly comprising a vaporization device memory circuit and a first wireless communication module and for storing a first SSID and a first password and a first IP address and for storing a third SSID and third password; providing a mouthpiece as part of the vaporization device and generating an interaction through inhalation through the mouthpiece and generating an interaction log by the control assembly for storing of the interaction log within the vaporization device memory circuit wherein for each interaction with the vaporizer device by the user, there may be a plurality of interaction parameters generated; wirelessly provisioning the vaporizer device using the first SSID and the first password for wirelessly connect with a third wireless communication module as part of a router assembly comprising the third SSID and the third password for and accessing a dosing data server having a dosing data server database through internet access; enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server through the internet access comprises transferring of the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit to the dosing data server database as a stored interaction log. 11. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a second wireless communication module as part of a computing device having a display screen and a processing circuitry for executing a web browser and
connecting of the second wireless communication module to the first wireless communication module first access point functioning as the web server in an administrator mode by using the first SSID and the first password and the first IP address through the web server displaying a vaporizer device HTML page wirelessly provided by the web server,
wherein on the display screen the third SSID and third password is provided as input parameters to the displaying vaporizer device HTML page and the provided input is wirelessly provided to the control assembly. 12. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a removable cartridge assembly comprising a heating element assembly comprising a heating element a cartridge memory module for storing therein at least parameters relating to a PWM profile for being applied to the heating element; 13. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a progressive web application for being executed within the web browser and visually represented on display screen; and
receiving of stored interaction log from the dosing data server database; 14. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 disconnecting of the first wireless communication module from the third wireless communication module and connecting the first wireless communication module to the second wireless communication module;
enabling of the vaporizer device control assembly to function as the web server;
displaying the vaporizer device HTML page;
production a visual indication of the interaction through inhalation from the mouthpiece through a progress indicator on the display screen. 15. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 11 wherein the first, second and third wireless communication modules comprise an 802.11x protocol and operate between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. 16. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising providing an audio microphone and audio processing circuitry for having ability to record of audio post inhalation from the vaporization device from the user as the user reported dose effectiveness. | A vaporization device allow users to consume removable cartridges filled with vaporizable material. The vaporizer devices defines a receptacle shaped to receive a cartridge in a snug and compact nesting arrangement. The vaporizer device ensures that the installed cartridges are secured and provide a sealed fluid path. A system is disclosed for wirelessly provisioning of the vaporization device to connect to a data server.1. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
providing a vaporizer device comprising a vaporizer body; providing a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer device, the control assembly comprising a first wireless communication module and the control assembly comprising a memory circuit for storing a first SSID and a first password and for executing steps of entering a wireless provisioning mode through creating a web server using the control assembly and the first wireless communication module by providing a first access point functioning as a web server having the first SSID and the first password and first IP address; provisioning the vaporizer device for wirelessly connect with a third wireless communication module as part of a router assembly having a third SSID and third password for and accessing a dosing data server having a dosing data server database through internet access by providing a second wireless communication module as part of a computing device having a display screen and a processing circuitry for executing a web browser and connecting of the second wireless communication module to the first wireless communication module first access point functioning as the web server in an administrator mode by using the first SSID and the first password and the first IP address through the web server displaying a vaporizer device HTML page wirelessly provided by the web server, wherein on the display screen the third SSID and third password is provided as input parameters to the displaying vaporizer device HTML page and the provided input is wirelessly provided to the control assembly, enabling storing of the third SSID and third password within the memory circuit of the control assembly for enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server database through the internet access. 2. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 comprising: providing a keypad electrically coupled with the control assembly and entering a key sequence on the keypad for enabling of the control assembly for functioning as the web server. 3. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 wherein the first IP address comprises 192.168.X.X. 4. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 wherein the vaporizer device comprises an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end;
a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall;
an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment;
a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold;
an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end;
a heating element assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, wherein the heating element is thermally coupled with the heating element assembly, and wherein heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and
a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end,
wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow path is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow path passing proximate the heating element assembly;
where the control assembly includes a vaporizer device memory circuit and is substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated the at least a pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile,
the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow path and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece,
wherein upon inhalation from the mouthpiece an interaction is generated and also generating an interaction log by the control assembly, where for an interaction from a plurality of interaction with the vaporizer device a plurality of interaction parameters are stored are stored within the vaporizer device memory circuit. 5. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 1 comprising providing a mouthpiece as part of the vaporization device and generating an interaction through inhalation through the mouthpiece and generating an interaction log by the control assembly for storing of the interaction log within the vaporization device memory circuit wherein for each interaction with the vaporizer device by the user, there may be a plurality of interaction parameters generated. 6. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 5 wherein the interaction log comprises data relating to at least two of the following interaction parameters comprising a start use time and an end use time and a duration of use time and a an ambient temperature surrounding vaporizer device and a battery level of the vaporizer device and an actual inhalation profile achieve through inhalation from the mouthpiece and a selected dose size and a pulse width modulation profile applied to the heating element and a corresponding calibrated measured dose value and an angle at which the vaporizer device is being held in relation to ground and a user reported dose effectiveness. 7. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 6 comprising providing a keypad comprising a plurality of keys electrically coupled with the control assembly and post inhalation from the vaporization device for entering a key from the plurality of keys for receiving input from the user as the user reported dose effectiveness. 8. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 5 wherein the enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server through the internet access comprises transferring of the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit to the dosing data server database as a stored interaction log. 9. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 8 wherein the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit comprises a first interaction and a second interaction where data corresponding to the first interaction is different than data corresponding to the second interaction. 10. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
providing a vaporizer device comprising a vaporizer body; providing a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer device, the control assembly comprising a vaporization device memory circuit and a first wireless communication module and for storing a first SSID and a first password and a first IP address and for storing a third SSID and third password; providing a mouthpiece as part of the vaporization device and generating an interaction through inhalation through the mouthpiece and generating an interaction log by the control assembly for storing of the interaction log within the vaporization device memory circuit wherein for each interaction with the vaporizer device by the user, there may be a plurality of interaction parameters generated; wirelessly provisioning the vaporizer device using the first SSID and the first password for wirelessly connect with a third wireless communication module as part of a router assembly comprising the third SSID and the third password for and accessing a dosing data server having a dosing data server database through internet access; enabling of the first wireless communication module and the control assembly to directly connect with the dosing data server through the internet access comprises transferring of the interaction log stored within the vaporization device memory circuit to the dosing data server database as a stored interaction log. 11. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a second wireless communication module as part of a computing device having a display screen and a processing circuitry for executing a web browser and
connecting of the second wireless communication module to the first wireless communication module first access point functioning as the web server in an administrator mode by using the first SSID and the first password and the first IP address through the web server displaying a vaporizer device HTML page wirelessly provided by the web server,
wherein on the display screen the third SSID and third password is provided as input parameters to the displaying vaporizer device HTML page and the provided input is wirelessly provided to the control assembly. 12. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a removable cartridge assembly comprising a heating element assembly comprising a heating element a cartridge memory module for storing therein at least parameters relating to a PWM profile for being applied to the heating element; 13. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising:
providing a progressive web application for being executed within the web browser and visually represented on display screen; and
receiving of stored interaction log from the dosing data server database; 14. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 disconnecting of the first wireless communication module from the third wireless communication module and connecting the first wireless communication module to the second wireless communication module;
enabling of the vaporizer device control assembly to function as the web server;
displaying the vaporizer device HTML page;
production a visual indication of the interaction through inhalation from the mouthpiece through a progress indicator on the display screen. 15. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 11 wherein the first, second and third wireless communication modules comprise an 802.11x protocol and operate between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. 16. A vaporizer device and system according to claim 10 comprising providing an audio microphone and audio processing circuitry for having ability to record of audio post inhalation from the vaporization device from the user as the user reported dose effectiveness. | 3,700 |
341,237 | 16,801,565 | 3,761 | A laundry treating appliance includes a tub defining a tub interior and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior. The basket can include an upper basket portion defining a basket interior, as well as a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and including at least one spoke. | 1. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein one of the set of spaced axial support walls couples one of the plurality of spaced ribs to define an I-shaped cross section. 2. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 3. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 4. The laundry treating appliance of claim 3 wherein a plurality of spokes in the set of spokes has an I-shaped cross section. 5. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the first circumferential width is greater than the second circumferential width. 6. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the hub is solid. 7. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1, further comprising at least one circumferential rib on the lower base portion between the hub and rim. 8. The laundry treating appliance of claim 7, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 9. The laundry treating appliance of claim 8 wherein the hub extends radially from an outer diameter of the central hole to the at least one circumferential rib. 10. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 11. The laundry treating appliance of claim 10 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. 12. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define at least one air pocket between the upper basket portion and the lower base portion. 13. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion and the upper basket portion are integrally constructed to form a single piece. 14. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define a plurality of air pockets between the upper basket portion and lower base portion with a first air pocket of the plurality of air pockets having has a different shape or size as compare to a second air pocket of the plurality of air pockets. 15. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 16. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 17. The laundry treating appliance of claim 16 wherein at least one of positioning or relative size of at least one spoke of the set of spokes results in a change in the shape or size of at least one adjacent air pocket. 18. The laundry treating appliance of claim 17, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 19. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 20. The laundry treating appliance of claim 19 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. | A laundry treating appliance includes a tub defining a tub interior and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior. The basket can include an upper basket portion defining a basket interior, as well as a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and including at least one spoke.1. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein one of the set of spaced axial support walls couples one of the plurality of spaced ribs to define an I-shaped cross section. 2. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 3. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 4. The laundry treating appliance of claim 3 wherein a plurality of spokes in the set of spokes has an I-shaped cross section. 5. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the first circumferential width is greater than the second circumferential width. 6. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the hub is solid. 7. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1, further comprising at least one circumferential rib on the lower base portion between the hub and rim. 8. The laundry treating appliance of claim 7, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 9. The laundry treating appliance of claim 8 wherein the hub extends radially from an outer diameter of the central hole to the at least one circumferential rib. 10. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 11. The laundry treating appliance of claim 10 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. 12. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define at least one air pocket between the upper basket portion and the lower base portion. 13. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion and the upper basket portion are integrally constructed to form a single piece. 14. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define a plurality of air pockets between the upper basket portion and lower base portion with a first air pocket of the plurality of air pockets having has a different shape or size as compare to a second air pocket of the plurality of air pockets. 15. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 16. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 17. The laundry treating appliance of claim 16 wherein at least one of positioning or relative size of at least one spoke of the set of spokes results in a change in the shape or size of at least one adjacent air pocket. 18. The laundry treating appliance of claim 17, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 19. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 20. The laundry treating appliance of claim 19 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. | 3,700 |
341,238 | 16,801,543 | 3,761 | A laundry treating appliance includes a tub defining a tub interior and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior. The basket can include an upper basket portion defining a basket interior, as well as a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and including at least one spoke. | 1. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein one of the set of spaced axial support walls couples one of the plurality of spaced ribs to define an I-shaped cross section. 2. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 3. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 4. The laundry treating appliance of claim 3 wherein a plurality of spokes in the set of spokes has an I-shaped cross section. 5. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the first circumferential width is greater than the second circumferential width. 6. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the hub is solid. 7. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1, further comprising at least one circumferential rib on the lower base portion between the hub and rim. 8. The laundry treating appliance of claim 7, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 9. The laundry treating appliance of claim 8 wherein the hub extends radially from an outer diameter of the central hole to the at least one circumferential rib. 10. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 11. The laundry treating appliance of claim 10 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. 12. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define at least one air pocket between the upper basket portion and the lower base portion. 13. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion and the upper basket portion are integrally constructed to form a single piece. 14. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define a plurality of air pockets between the upper basket portion and lower base portion with a first air pocket of the plurality of air pockets having has a different shape or size as compare to a second air pocket of the plurality of air pockets. 15. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 16. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 17. The laundry treating appliance of claim 16 wherein at least one of positioning or relative size of at least one spoke of the set of spokes results in a change in the shape or size of at least one adjacent air pocket. 18. The laundry treating appliance of claim 17, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 19. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 20. The laundry treating appliance of claim 19 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. | A laundry treating appliance includes a tub defining a tub interior and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior. The basket can include an upper basket portion defining a basket interior, as well as a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and including at least one spoke.1. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein one of the set of spaced axial support walls couples one of the plurality of spaced ribs to define an I-shaped cross section. 2. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 3. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 4. The laundry treating appliance of claim 3 wherein a plurality of spokes in the set of spokes has an I-shaped cross section. 5. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the first circumferential width is greater than the second circumferential width. 6. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the hub is solid. 7. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1, further comprising at least one circumferential rib on the lower base portion between the hub and rim. 8. The laundry treating appliance of claim 7, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 9. The laundry treating appliance of claim 8 wherein the hub extends radially from an outer diameter of the central hole to the at least one circumferential rib. 10. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 11. The laundry treating appliance of claim 10 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. 12. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define at least one air pocket between the upper basket portion and the lower base portion. 13. The laundry treating appliance of claim 1 wherein the lower base portion and the upper basket portion are integrally constructed to form a single piece. 14. A laundry treating appliance, comprising:
a tub defining a tub interior; and a basket rotatably mounted within the tub interior, the basket comprising:
an upper basket portion having a peripheral wall defining a basket interior;
a lower base portion coupled to the upper basket portion and comprising a hub, a rim, and a plurality of spaced ribs extending radially from the hub to the rim and having a first circumferential width; and
a set of spaced axial support walls having a second circumferential width different from the first circumferential width and coupling the plurality of spaced ribs to the upper basket portion, wherein the set of spaced axial support walls, the hub, and the rim define a plurality of air pockets between the upper basket portion and lower base portion with a first air pocket of the plurality of air pockets having has a different shape or size as compare to a second air pocket of the plurality of air pockets. 15. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the upper basket portion further comprises a bottom and the peripheral wall extends from the bottom. 16. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the set of spaced axial support walls and ribs define a set of spokes extending between the hub and the rim. 17. The laundry treating appliance of claim 16 wherein at least one of positioning or relative size of at least one spoke of the set of spokes results in a change in the shape or size of at least one adjacent air pocket. 18. The laundry treating appliance of claim 17, further comprising a central hole in the lower base portion. 19. The laundry treating appliance of claim 14 wherein the lower base portion further comprises a balance channel circumscribing the rim. 20. The laundry treating appliance of claim 19 wherein the balance channel is coupled to the upper basket portion. | 3,700 |
341,239 | 16,801,544 | 3,761 | A cell analyzer and a sorting method for the cell analyzer are disclosed. Multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region are collected. The particles includes a first category of particles and a second category of particles. For each of the particles, Intensities of a first group of optical signals, which includes at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which includes at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals are acquired. For each of the particles, one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle are calculated based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, where the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal. The first category of particles and the second category of particles are distinguished from each other based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles. | 1. A sorting method for a cell analyzer, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles, and the multiple optical signals comprising a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal, and a pulse width the forward-scattered light signal; for each of the particles, calculating a reinforcement signal related to the particle, based on the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal; generating a first scatter diagram for the particles based on the reinforcement signal related to each of the particles and the intensity of the side-scattered light signal of the respective particle; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are lipid granules. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and an nth power of the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal, wherein n is an integer greater than 1. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
distinguishing the leucocyte particles into basophil granulocytes and other leucocyte particles than the basophil granulocytes; or distinguishing the leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 5. A sorting method for a cell analyzer, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles, and the multiple optical signals comprising a fluorescence signal and at least one scattered light signal; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of a first optical signal and a second optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals and a pulse width of a third optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals, the first optical signal being different from the second optical signal, and the third optical signal being as same as or different from the first optical signal or the second optical signal; for each of the particles, calculating a reinforcement signal related to the particle, based on the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the third light signal; generating a first scatter diagram for the particles based on the reinforcement signal and the intensity of the second optical signal of each of the particles; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprises a forward-scattered light signal,
wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first optical signal is a forward-scattered light signal, and the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a ratio of an intensity of the forward-scattered light signal as the first optical signal to the pulse width of the second optical signal; or
wherein the first optical signal is a fluorescence signal, and the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of an intensity of the fluorescence signal as the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal,
wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles, and wherein the leucocyte particles and the aggregated PLT particles are distinguished based on the fluorescence signal, the forward-scattered light signal, and the side-scattered light signal. 9. The method of claim 5,
wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a forward-scattered light signal, and the method further comprises: counting nucleated red blood cells based on the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal of each of the particles; or wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a side-scattered light signal, and the method further comprises: distinguishing the leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the fluorescence signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. | A cell analyzer and a sorting method for the cell analyzer are disclosed. Multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region are collected. The particles includes a first category of particles and a second category of particles. For each of the particles, Intensities of a first group of optical signals, which includes at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which includes at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals are acquired. For each of the particles, one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle are calculated based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, where the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal. The first category of particles and the second category of particles are distinguished from each other based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles.1. A sorting method for a cell analyzer, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles, and the multiple optical signals comprising a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal, and a pulse width the forward-scattered light signal; for each of the particles, calculating a reinforcement signal related to the particle, based on the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal; generating a first scatter diagram for the particles based on the reinforcement signal related to each of the particles and the intensity of the side-scattered light signal of the respective particle; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are lipid granules. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of the intensity of the forward-scattered light signal and an nth power of the pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal, wherein n is an integer greater than 1. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
distinguishing the leucocyte particles into basophil granulocytes and other leucocyte particles than the basophil granulocytes; or distinguishing the leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 5. A sorting method for a cell analyzer, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles, and the multiple optical signals comprising a fluorescence signal and at least one scattered light signal; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of a first optical signal and a second optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals and a pulse width of a third optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals, the first optical signal being different from the second optical signal, and the third optical signal being as same as or different from the first optical signal or the second optical signal; for each of the particles, calculating a reinforcement signal related to the particle, based on the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the third light signal; generating a first scatter diagram for the particles based on the reinforcement signal and the intensity of the second optical signal of each of the particles; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprises a forward-scattered light signal,
wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first optical signal is a forward-scattered light signal, and the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a ratio of an intensity of the forward-scattered light signal as the first optical signal to the pulse width of the second optical signal; or
wherein the first optical signal is a fluorescence signal, and the reinforcement signal is calculated based on a product of an intensity of the fluorescence signal as the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal,
wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles, and wherein the leucocyte particles and the aggregated PLT particles are distinguished based on the fluorescence signal, the forward-scattered light signal, and the side-scattered light signal. 9. The method of claim 5,
wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a forward-scattered light signal, and the method further comprises: counting nucleated red blood cells based on the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal of each of the particles; or wherein the at least one scattered light signal comprise a side-scattered light signal, and the method further comprises: distinguishing the leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the fluorescence signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. | 3,700 |
341,240 | 16,801,545 | 3,635 | An A-frame-shaped truss foundation system for a single-axis tracker with a bearing assembly sitting atop a pair of adjacent angled truss legs joined together with an adapter so that the axis of rotation of the tracker is aligned with a work point of the A-frame. Several such foundation systems are arranged along a North-South row to support a tracker torque tube. | 1. A bearing adapter comprising:
a main body portion; and a pair of connecting portions extending from the main body portion and oriented at opposing angles to join a pair of adjacent truss legs so that an axis defined by each leg points at a common work point. 2. The bearing adapter according to claim 1, further comprising a torque tube bearing having a substantially circular bearing opening that overlaps with the common work point. 3. The bearing adapter according to claim 1, wherein the pair of connecting portions are separated by an angle in a range of more than 35-degrees up to 70-degrees with respect to the common work point. 4. A foundation system for a single-axis tracker comprising:
a pair of elongated truss legs, each leg comprising a screw anchor and an upper portion; an adapter having a main body and a pair of connection portions projecting away from the main body and spaced apart by an angle in a range of more than 35-degree up to 70-degrees for joining a free end of each truss leg to form an A-frame-shaped truss structure; and a bearing having a substantially circular bearing opening that overlaps with an intersection of respective lines through an approximate center of each connecting portion. 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the bearing has a lower portion built into the adapter and an upper portion joinable to the lower portion. 6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the bearing is separate from and attaches to at least one planar support surface of the adapter. 7. A single-axis tracker comprising:
a plurality of truss foundations installed along a row, each foundation comprising a pair of co-planar angled truss legs extending below and above ground that straddle a row of the single-axis tracker; a plurality of adapters, each adapter joining one pair of adjacent truss legs to form an A-frame shaped truss whose legs point at a common work point of the truss; a plurality of bearings, each having a circular bearing opening; and a torque tube seated within the plurality of bearings, wherein the torque tube defines an axis that passes through the work point of each truss. 8. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, wherein the pair of connecting portions are separated by an angle in a range of more than 35-degrees up to 70-degrees with respect to the common work point. 9. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, wherein each truss leg comprises an upper portion coupled to an anchor to substantially extend a main axis thereof. 10. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules attached to the torque tube. | An A-frame-shaped truss foundation system for a single-axis tracker with a bearing assembly sitting atop a pair of adjacent angled truss legs joined together with an adapter so that the axis of rotation of the tracker is aligned with a work point of the A-frame. Several such foundation systems are arranged along a North-South row to support a tracker torque tube.1. A bearing adapter comprising:
a main body portion; and a pair of connecting portions extending from the main body portion and oriented at opposing angles to join a pair of adjacent truss legs so that an axis defined by each leg points at a common work point. 2. The bearing adapter according to claim 1, further comprising a torque tube bearing having a substantially circular bearing opening that overlaps with the common work point. 3. The bearing adapter according to claim 1, wherein the pair of connecting portions are separated by an angle in a range of more than 35-degrees up to 70-degrees with respect to the common work point. 4. A foundation system for a single-axis tracker comprising:
a pair of elongated truss legs, each leg comprising a screw anchor and an upper portion; an adapter having a main body and a pair of connection portions projecting away from the main body and spaced apart by an angle in a range of more than 35-degree up to 70-degrees for joining a free end of each truss leg to form an A-frame-shaped truss structure; and a bearing having a substantially circular bearing opening that overlaps with an intersection of respective lines through an approximate center of each connecting portion. 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the bearing has a lower portion built into the adapter and an upper portion joinable to the lower portion. 6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the bearing is separate from and attaches to at least one planar support surface of the adapter. 7. A single-axis tracker comprising:
a plurality of truss foundations installed along a row, each foundation comprising a pair of co-planar angled truss legs extending below and above ground that straddle a row of the single-axis tracker; a plurality of adapters, each adapter joining one pair of adjacent truss legs to form an A-frame shaped truss whose legs point at a common work point of the truss; a plurality of bearings, each having a circular bearing opening; and a torque tube seated within the plurality of bearings, wherein the torque tube defines an axis that passes through the work point of each truss. 8. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, wherein the pair of connecting portions are separated by an angle in a range of more than 35-degrees up to 70-degrees with respect to the common work point. 9. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, wherein each truss leg comprises an upper portion coupled to an anchor to substantially extend a main axis thereof. 10. The single-axis tracker according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules attached to the torque tube. | 3,600 |
341,241 | 16,801,549 | 3,635 | This invention discloses a novel two dimensional material having propellane core for organic light emitting diodes. These compounds can be used as hosts, charging transporting materials, or blocking materials for PHOLEDs. The devices comprising these compounds have better performance due to the honeycomb pi-extended structure in the propellane molecules. | 1. A compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, and second conjugated ring systems are each an aromatic ring system. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third conjugated ring systems are all the same. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third conjugated ring systems are all different from each other. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein among the first, second and third conjugated ring systems, two of them are the same, and the other one is different. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein n1, and n2 are each independently an integer selected from the group consisting of 3 and 4. 7. The compound of claim 1,
wherein the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula II: 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula III: 13-15. (canceled) 16. The compound of claim 12, wherein the first conjugated ring system is naphthalene, and the second conjugated ring system is the same as the third conjugated ring system. 17. The compound of claim 12, wherein the first and second conjugated ring systems are the same as the third conjugated ring system. 18. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 20. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 21. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound of Formula I is a host. 22. (canceled) 23. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the organic layer is a blocking layer and the compound of Formula I is a blocking material in the organic layer, or the organic layer is a transporting layer and the compound of Formula I is a transporting material in the organic layer. 24. (canceled) 25. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the OLED is incorporated into a device selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, and a lighting panel. 26. A formulation comprising a compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 27. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising the compound of claim 12. | This invention discloses a novel two dimensional material having propellane core for organic light emitting diodes. These compounds can be used as hosts, charging transporting materials, or blocking materials for PHOLEDs. The devices comprising these compounds have better performance due to the honeycomb pi-extended structure in the propellane molecules.1. A compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, and second conjugated ring systems are each an aromatic ring system. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third conjugated ring systems are all the same. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the first, second and third conjugated ring systems are all different from each other. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein among the first, second and third conjugated ring systems, two of them are the same, and the other one is different. 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein n1, and n2 are each independently an integer selected from the group consisting of 3 and 4. 7. The compound of claim 1,
wherein the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula II: 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of triphenylene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, azacarbazole, aza-dibenzothiophene, aza-dibenzofuran, and aza-dibenzoselenophene. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula III: 13-15. (canceled) 16. The compound of claim 12, wherein the first conjugated ring system is naphthalene, and the second conjugated ring system is the same as the third conjugated ring system. 17. The compound of claim 12, wherein the first and second conjugated ring systems are the same as the third conjugated ring system. 18. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 19. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 20. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 21. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound of Formula I is a host. 22. (canceled) 23. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the organic layer is a blocking layer and the compound of Formula I is a blocking material in the organic layer, or the organic layer is a transporting layer and the compound of Formula I is a transporting material in the organic layer. 24. (canceled) 25. The OLED of claim 20, wherein the OLED is incorporated into a device selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, and a lighting panel. 26. A formulation comprising a compound comprising a [n1.n2.n3]propellane of Formula I: 27. An organic light emitting device (OLED) comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising the compound of claim 12. | 3,600 |
341,242 | 16,801,526 | 3,635 | The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure that includes a first dielectric layer over a semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer. The method includes forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first CMP process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate; and performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate. The second CMP process may be time-based. The second CMP process may stop on the first cap layer. After performing the second CMP process, the method includes removing the first cap layer. The first CMP process may have a first polishing rate to the first metal feature. The second CMP process may have a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate. | 1. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate; performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate, wherein the second CMP process is time-based, and wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer; and after the performing of the second CMP process, removing the first cap layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first CMP process has a first polishing rate to the first metal feature, wherein the second CMP process has a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first CMP process uses a first slurry having pH 6-8 and including a colloidal or fume silica, a surfactant, and a metal corrosion inhibitor, wherein the first slurry selectively removes the first metal feature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal feature is formed over a first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process uses a second slurry having pH 9-11 and including a colloidal or fume silica, a surfactant, and a metal corrosion inhibitor, wherein the second slurry selectively removes the first glue layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first CMP process has a third polishing rate to the first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process has a fourth polishing rate to the first glue layer higher than the third polishing rate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first rotation rate has a first component of about 30-100 rpm and a second component of about 20-90 rpm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second rotation rate has a third component of about 60-90 rpm and a fourth component of about 57-85 rpm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cap layer has a first dielectric constant greater than a second dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cap layer is removed by wet etching. 10. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal layer over the first dielectric layer including a first metal feature in a first region having a first critical dimension (CD) and a second metal feature in a second region having a second CD less than the first CD; performing a first CMP process on the first metal layer forming a first recess in the first metal feature having a first maximum depth and a second recess in the second metal feature having a second maximum depth less than the first maximum depth; depositing a second dielectric layer over the first and second metal features; and forming a second metal layer over the second dielectric layer including a third metal feature in the first region having a third CD and a fourth metal feature in the second region having a fourth CD greater than the third CD. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising performing a second CMP process, wherein the second CMP process is time-based, and wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising removing the first cap layer before depositing the second dielectric layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first recess has a first bottom surface, and wherein the second recess has a second bottom surface higher than the first bottom surface. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the third metal feature is formed at a first distance from the first bottom surface, wherein the fourth metal feature is formed at a second distance from the second bottom surface, the first distance and the second distance being substantially the same. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein top surfaces of the third and fourth metal features are aligned with each other, and wherein a bottom surface of the third metal feature is lower than a bottom surface of the fourth metal feature. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate and a first slurry having a first pH value; performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate and a second slurry having a second pH value being greater than the first pH value, wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer; and after the performing of the second CMP process, removing the first cap layer by wet etching. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first CMP process has a first polishing rate to the first metal feature, wherein the second CMP process has a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein
the first metal feature is formed over a first glue layer; the first pH value of the first slurry ranges between 6 and 8, and the first slurry selectively removes the first metal feature; and the second pH value of the second slurry ranges between 9 and 11, and the second slurry selectively removes the first glue layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first CMP process has a third polishing rate to the first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process has a fourth polishing rate to the first glue layer higher than the third polishing rate. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein
the first rotation rate has a first component of about 30-100 rpm and a second component of about 20-90 rpm; and the second rotation rate has a third component of about 60-90 rpm and a fourth component of about 57-85 rpm. | The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating a semiconductor structure that includes a first dielectric layer over a semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer. The method includes forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first CMP process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate; and performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate. The second CMP process may be time-based. The second CMP process may stop on the first cap layer. After performing the second CMP process, the method includes removing the first cap layer. The first CMP process may have a first polishing rate to the first metal feature. The second CMP process may have a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate.1. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate; performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate, wherein the second CMP process is time-based, and wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer; and after the performing of the second CMP process, removing the first cap layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first CMP process has a first polishing rate to the first metal feature, wherein the second CMP process has a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first CMP process uses a first slurry having pH 6-8 and including a colloidal or fume silica, a surfactant, and a metal corrosion inhibitor, wherein the first slurry selectively removes the first metal feature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first metal feature is formed over a first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process uses a second slurry having pH 9-11 and including a colloidal or fume silica, a surfactant, and a metal corrosion inhibitor, wherein the second slurry selectively removes the first glue layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first CMP process has a third polishing rate to the first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process has a fourth polishing rate to the first glue layer higher than the third polishing rate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first rotation rate has a first component of about 30-100 rpm and a second component of about 20-90 rpm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second rotation rate has a third component of about 60-90 rpm and a fourth component of about 57-85 rpm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cap layer has a first dielectric constant greater than a second dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cap layer is removed by wet etching. 10. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal layer over the first dielectric layer including a first metal feature in a first region having a first critical dimension (CD) and a second metal feature in a second region having a second CD less than the first CD; performing a first CMP process on the first metal layer forming a first recess in the first metal feature having a first maximum depth and a second recess in the second metal feature having a second maximum depth less than the first maximum depth; depositing a second dielectric layer over the first and second metal features; and forming a second metal layer over the second dielectric layer including a third metal feature in the first region having a third CD and a fourth metal feature in the second region having a fourth CD greater than the third CD. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising performing a second CMP process, wherein the second CMP process is time-based, and wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising removing the first cap layer before depositing the second dielectric layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first recess has a first bottom surface, and wherein the second recess has a second bottom surface higher than the first bottom surface. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the third metal feature is formed at a first distance from the first bottom surface, wherein the fourth metal feature is formed at a second distance from the second bottom surface, the first distance and the second distance being substantially the same. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein top surfaces of the third and fourth metal features are aligned with each other, and wherein a bottom surface of the third metal feature is lower than a bottom surface of the fourth metal feature. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
providing a workpiece including a semiconductor substrate, a first dielectric layer over the semiconductor substrate, and a first cap layer over the first dielectric layer; forming a first metal feature in the first dielectric layer; performing a first chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) process on the first metal feature using a first rotation rate and a first slurry having a first pH value; performing a second CMP process on the first metal feature using a second rotation rate slower than the first rotation rate and a second slurry having a second pH value being greater than the first pH value, wherein the second CMP process stops on the first cap layer; and after the performing of the second CMP process, removing the first cap layer by wet etching. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first CMP process has a first polishing rate to the first metal feature, wherein the second CMP process has a second polishing rate to the first metal feature lower than the first polishing rate. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein
the first metal feature is formed over a first glue layer; the first pH value of the first slurry ranges between 6 and 8, and the first slurry selectively removes the first metal feature; and the second pH value of the second slurry ranges between 9 and 11, and the second slurry selectively removes the first glue layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first CMP process has a third polishing rate to the first glue layer, wherein the second CMP process has a fourth polishing rate to the first glue layer higher than the third polishing rate. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein
the first rotation rate has a first component of about 30-100 rpm and a second component of about 20-90 rpm; and the second rotation rate has a third component of about 60-90 rpm and a fourth component of about 57-85 rpm. | 3,600 |
341,243 | 16,801,555 | 3,635 | A charged particle multi-beam device includes a charged particle source, a collimator lens, a multi-light-source forming unit, and a reduction projection optical system. The multi-light-source forming unit has first to third porous electrodes disposed side by side in an optical axis direction. A plurality of holes for causing the multi-beams to pass is formed in each of the first to third porous electrodes. The first porous electrode and the third porous electrode have the same potential and the second porous electrode has potential different from the potential of the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode. A diameter of the holes on the second porous electrode is formed larger further away from an optical axis such that a surface on which the multi-light sources are located is formed in a shape convex to the charged particle source side. | 1. A charged particle multi-beam device comprising:
a charged particle source that emits a charged particle beam; a collimator lens that collimates the charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle source; a multi-light-source forming unit that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams and condenses the respective multi-beams on one surface to form multi-light sources; and a reduction projection optical system that reduces and projects the multi-light sources on a sample surface, wherein the multi-light-source forming unit has first to third porous electrodes disposed side by side in an optical axis direction in order from the charged particle source side, a plurality of holes for causing the multi-beams to pass is formed in each of the first to third porous electrodes, the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode have identical potential and the second porous electrode has potential different from the potential of the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode, and a diameter of the holes on the second porous electrode is formed larger further away from an optical axis such that a surface on which the multi-light sources are located is formed in a shape convex to the charged particle source side. 2. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
portions where the plurality of holes is formed in the first to third porous electrodes respectively have flat shapes. 3. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode are assembled in a socket-and-spigot structure. 4. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 5. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 6. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameters of the holes are larger in the regions further away from the optical axis. 7. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode are assembled in a socket-and-spigot structure. 8. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 9. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 10. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameters of the holes are larger in the regions further away from the optical axis. 11. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 12. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 13. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 14. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 15. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 16. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 17. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 14, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 18. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 15, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 19. A method of determining the diameter of the holes of the second porous electrode in the charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
calculating a field curvature coefficient A of a reduction projection optical system with a simulation or an experiment; calculating, with a simulation, a relation between an inner diameter Φ of the holes of the second porous electrode and a shift amount Δzo of a focal position and approximating the relation with following Eq. 1:
Δz o =aΦ 2 +bΦ+c (Eq.1) 20. A method of determining the diameter of the holes of the second porous electrode in the charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
calculating a field curvature coefficient A of a reduction projection optical system with a simulation or an experiment; calculating, with a simulation, a relation between an inner diameter Φ of the holes of the second porous electrode and a shift amount Δzo of a focal position and approximating the relation with following Eq. 3:
Δz o =a nΦn +a n-1Φn-1 . . . +a 1 Φ+a (Eq.3) | A charged particle multi-beam device includes a charged particle source, a collimator lens, a multi-light-source forming unit, and a reduction projection optical system. The multi-light-source forming unit has first to third porous electrodes disposed side by side in an optical axis direction. A plurality of holes for causing the multi-beams to pass is formed in each of the first to third porous electrodes. The first porous electrode and the third porous electrode have the same potential and the second porous electrode has potential different from the potential of the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode. A diameter of the holes on the second porous electrode is formed larger further away from an optical axis such that a surface on which the multi-light sources are located is formed in a shape convex to the charged particle source side.1. A charged particle multi-beam device comprising:
a charged particle source that emits a charged particle beam; a collimator lens that collimates the charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle source; a multi-light-source forming unit that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams and condenses the respective multi-beams on one surface to form multi-light sources; and a reduction projection optical system that reduces and projects the multi-light sources on a sample surface, wherein the multi-light-source forming unit has first to third porous electrodes disposed side by side in an optical axis direction in order from the charged particle source side, a plurality of holes for causing the multi-beams to pass is formed in each of the first to third porous electrodes, the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode have identical potential and the second porous electrode has potential different from the potential of the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode, and a diameter of the holes on the second porous electrode is formed larger further away from an optical axis such that a surface on which the multi-light sources are located is formed in a shape convex to the charged particle source side. 2. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
portions where the plurality of holes is formed in the first to third porous electrodes respectively have flat shapes. 3. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode are assembled in a socket-and-spigot structure. 4. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 5. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 6. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameters of the holes are larger in the regions further away from the optical axis. 7. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode are assembled in a socket-and-spigot structure. 8. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 9. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 10. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 2, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameters of the holes are larger in the regions further away from the optical axis. 11. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 12. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 13. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 3, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 14. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, a porous aperture that divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams is provided further on the charged particle source side than the first porous electrode. 15. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
in the multi-light-source forming unit, the first porous electrode divides the collimated charged particle beam into a plurality of beams to form multi-beams. 16. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 7, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 17. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 14, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 18. The charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 15, wherein
the second porous electrode is divided into a plurality of regions according to distances from the optical axis, and each of the regions includes at least two holes having different distances from the optical axis, and diameters of the holes are set identical for each of the regions, and the diameter of the holes are larger in the region further away from the optical axis. 19. A method of determining the diameter of the holes of the second porous electrode in the charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
calculating a field curvature coefficient A of a reduction projection optical system with a simulation or an experiment; calculating, with a simulation, a relation between an inner diameter Φ of the holes of the second porous electrode and a shift amount Δzo of a focal position and approximating the relation with following Eq. 1:
Δz o =aΦ 2 +bΦ+c (Eq.1) 20. A method of determining the diameter of the holes of the second porous electrode in the charged particle multi-beam device according to claim 1, the method comprising:
calculating a field curvature coefficient A of a reduction projection optical system with a simulation or an experiment; calculating, with a simulation, a relation between an inner diameter Φ of the holes of the second porous electrode and a shift amount Δzo of a focal position and approximating the relation with following Eq. 3:
Δz o =a nΦn +a n-1Φn-1 . . . +a 1 Φ+a (Eq.3) | 3,600 |
341,244 | 16,801,575 | 3,635 | Compositions and methods for modulating male fertility in a plant are provided. Compositions comprise nucleotide sequences, and fragments and variants thereof, which modulate male fertility. Further provided are expression cassettes comprising the male fertility polynucleotides, or fragments or variants thereof, operably linked to a promoter, wherein expression of the polynucleotides modulates the male fertility of a plant. Various methods are provided wherein the level and/or activity of the sequences that influence male fertility is modulated in a plant or plant part. In certain embodiments, the plant is polyploid. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3; (b) a nucleotide sequence comprising a fragment or variant of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sequence initiates transcription in a plant cell; (c) a polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotide of (a) or (b). 8. An expression cassette comprising the polynucleotide of claim 15 operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest. 9. A plant comprising the expression cassette of claim 8. 10. A method for expressing a polynucleotide in a plant or a plant cell, said method comprising introducing into the plant or the plant cell an expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest, wherein said promoter comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3; (b) a nucleotide sequence comprising a fragment or variant of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sequence initiates transcription in a plant cell; (c) a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to (a) or (b). 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said heterologous polynucleotide of interest is expressed preferentially in reproductive tissue of a plant. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A breeding pair of plants, comprising: a first plant and a second plant, wherein the first plant expresses an exogenous dominant male sterility gene so that the first plant is male-sterile, and (b) a second plant, wherein the second plant comprises an expressible exogenous nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide that when expressed suppresses the expression of the dominant male sterility gene or the promoter operably linked to the dominant male sterility gene of the first plant. 15. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the dominant male sterility gene impacts anther development, tapetum development, or microspore function. 16. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the dominant male sterility gene is selected from the list consisting of streptavidin, DAM, and barnase. 17. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the expressible exogenous nucleic acid molecule of the second plant comprises a promoter inverted repeat (pIR) targeting the promoter operably linked to the dominant male sterility gene of the first plant. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | Compositions and methods for modulating male fertility in a plant are provided. Compositions comprise nucleotide sequences, and fragments and variants thereof, which modulate male fertility. Further provided are expression cassettes comprising the male fertility polynucleotides, or fragments or variants thereof, operably linked to a promoter, wherein expression of the polynucleotides modulates the male fertility of a plant. Various methods are provided wherein the level and/or activity of the sequences that influence male fertility is modulated in a plant or plant part. In certain embodiments, the plant is polyploid.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3; (b) a nucleotide sequence comprising a fragment or variant of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sequence initiates transcription in a plant cell; (c) a polynucleotide which is complementary to the polynucleotide of (a) or (b). 8. An expression cassette comprising the polynucleotide of claim 15 operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest. 9. A plant comprising the expression cassette of claim 8. 10. A method for expressing a polynucleotide in a plant or a plant cell, said method comprising introducing into the plant or the plant cell an expression cassette comprising a promoter operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest, wherein said promoter comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a nucleotide sequence comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3; (b) a nucleotide sequence comprising a fragment or variant of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sequence initiates transcription in a plant cell; (c) a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to (a) or (b). 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said heterologous polynucleotide of interest is expressed preferentially in reproductive tissue of a plant. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. A breeding pair of plants, comprising: a first plant and a second plant, wherein the first plant expresses an exogenous dominant male sterility gene so that the first plant is male-sterile, and (b) a second plant, wherein the second plant comprises an expressible exogenous nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide that when expressed suppresses the expression of the dominant male sterility gene or the promoter operably linked to the dominant male sterility gene of the first plant. 15. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the dominant male sterility gene impacts anther development, tapetum development, or microspore function. 16. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the dominant male sterility gene is selected from the list consisting of streptavidin, DAM, and barnase. 17. The breeding pair of plants of claim 14, wherein the expressible exogenous nucleic acid molecule of the second plant comprises a promoter inverted repeat (pIR) targeting the promoter operably linked to the dominant male sterility gene of the first plant. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | 3,600 |
341,245 | 16,801,584 | 3,711 | A putter head comprising a novel alignment structure is disclosed herein. In particular, the putter comprises an alignment sphere attached to an upper surface of a lower flange and an alignment ring suspended over the lower flange and vertically aligned with the alignment sphere. When a golfer has oriented the putter properly in front of a golf ball at address, the alignment sphere will appear to the golfer to be encircled by the alignment ring. | 1. A golf club head comprising:
a body portion comprising a striking face, a rear surface opposite the striking face, an upper portion, a lower portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a heel side, and a toe side; at least one support bar attached to, and extending away from, the body portion; an alignment ring suspended from the at least one support bar by at least one stem; and an alignment structure affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion and vertically aligned with the alignment ring along a vertical Z axis, wherein the alignment structure does not make direct contact with the at least one support bar or the alignment ring, and wherein the alignment ring is spaced from, and does not make direct contact with, any portion of the body portion. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is removably affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, further comprising a bolt, wherein the lower portion comprises a threaded through-bore extending from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein the alignment structure comprises a threaded receiving bore, and wherein a portion of the bolt extends through the threaded through-bore to engage the threaded receiving bore. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the lower portion comprises a heel-side portion having a first front-to-back length, a middle portion having a second front-to-back length, and a toe-side portion having a third front-to-back length, wherein the second front-to-back length is less than the first and third front-to-back lengths. 5. The golf club head of claim 4, wherein the first front-to-back length is approximately equivalent to the third front-to-back length. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is a sphere. 7. The golf club head of claim 6, wherein the sphere comprises a first color, wherein the alignment ring comprises a second color, and wherein the first color contrasts with the second color. 8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the at least one support bar comprises a third color, wherein the third color contrasts with the first color and the second color. 9. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the rear surface of the striking face comprises a fourth color, and wherein the fourth color contrasts with the first color. 10. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the upper surface comprises a fifth color, and wherein the fifth color contrasts with the first color. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is a cylinder comprising at least one fiber optic filament. 12. The golf club head of claim 11, wherein the at least one fiber optic filament is coiled within the cylinder. 13. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the upper portion comprises an alignment line extending perpendicular to the striking face, and wherein the alignment line is aligned with the alignment ring along a horizontal x-axis extending perpendicular to the striking face in a front-to-back direction. 14. The golf club head of claim 1, further comprising a face insert received within the striking face. 15. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the body is composed of a material selected from a group consisting of titanium alloy and stainless steel, and wherein the alignment structure is formed of a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum alloy, carbon composite, and plastic. 16. A golf club head comprising:
a body portion comprising a striking face, a rear surface opposite the striking face, an upper portion, a lower portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a heel side, a toe side, and a recess in the striking face; at least one support bar attached to, and extending away from, the body portion; a face insert; an alignment ring; at least one stem attached to, and extending from, a rearmost end of the at least one support bar to the alignment ring; and an alignment sphere removably affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion and vertically aligned with the alignment ring along a vertical Z axis, wherein the face insert is disposed within the recess in the striking face, wherein at least a portion of the at least one support bar extends approximately perpendicular to the rear surface of the body portion, wherein the alignment sphere does not make direct contact with the at least one support bar or the alignment ring, and wherein the alignment ring is spaced from, and does not make direct contact with, any portion of the body portion. 17. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the body is composed of a material selected from a group consisting of titanium alloy and stainless steel. 18. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the alignment sphere is formed of a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum alloy, carbon composite, and plastic. 19. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the alignment sphere comprises a first color, wherein the alignment ring comprises a second color, and wherein the first color contrasts with the second color. 20. The golf club head of claim 16, further comprising a bolt, wherein the lower portion comprises a threaded through-bore extending from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein the alignment structure comprises a threaded receiving bore, and wherein a portion of the bolt extends through the threaded through-bore to engage the threaded receiving bore. | A putter head comprising a novel alignment structure is disclosed herein. In particular, the putter comprises an alignment sphere attached to an upper surface of a lower flange and an alignment ring suspended over the lower flange and vertically aligned with the alignment sphere. When a golfer has oriented the putter properly in front of a golf ball at address, the alignment sphere will appear to the golfer to be encircled by the alignment ring.1. A golf club head comprising:
a body portion comprising a striking face, a rear surface opposite the striking face, an upper portion, a lower portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a heel side, and a toe side; at least one support bar attached to, and extending away from, the body portion; an alignment ring suspended from the at least one support bar by at least one stem; and an alignment structure affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion and vertically aligned with the alignment ring along a vertical Z axis, wherein the alignment structure does not make direct contact with the at least one support bar or the alignment ring, and wherein the alignment ring is spaced from, and does not make direct contact with, any portion of the body portion. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is removably affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion. 3. The golf club head of claim 2, further comprising a bolt, wherein the lower portion comprises a threaded through-bore extending from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein the alignment structure comprises a threaded receiving bore, and wherein a portion of the bolt extends through the threaded through-bore to engage the threaded receiving bore. 4. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the lower portion comprises a heel-side portion having a first front-to-back length, a middle portion having a second front-to-back length, and a toe-side portion having a third front-to-back length, wherein the second front-to-back length is less than the first and third front-to-back lengths. 5. The golf club head of claim 4, wherein the first front-to-back length is approximately equivalent to the third front-to-back length. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is a sphere. 7. The golf club head of claim 6, wherein the sphere comprises a first color, wherein the alignment ring comprises a second color, and wherein the first color contrasts with the second color. 8. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the at least one support bar comprises a third color, wherein the third color contrasts with the first color and the second color. 9. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the rear surface of the striking face comprises a fourth color, and wherein the fourth color contrasts with the first color. 10. The golf club head of claim 7, wherein the upper surface comprises a fifth color, and wherein the fifth color contrasts with the first color. 11. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the alignment structure is a cylinder comprising at least one fiber optic filament. 12. The golf club head of claim 11, wherein the at least one fiber optic filament is coiled within the cylinder. 13. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the upper portion comprises an alignment line extending perpendicular to the striking face, and wherein the alignment line is aligned with the alignment ring along a horizontal x-axis extending perpendicular to the striking face in a front-to-back direction. 14. The golf club head of claim 1, further comprising a face insert received within the striking face. 15. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the body is composed of a material selected from a group consisting of titanium alloy and stainless steel, and wherein the alignment structure is formed of a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum alloy, carbon composite, and plastic. 16. A golf club head comprising:
a body portion comprising a striking face, a rear surface opposite the striking face, an upper portion, a lower portion having an upper surface and a lower surface, a heel side, a toe side, and a recess in the striking face; at least one support bar attached to, and extending away from, the body portion; a face insert; an alignment ring; at least one stem attached to, and extending from, a rearmost end of the at least one support bar to the alignment ring; and an alignment sphere removably affixed to the upper surface of the lower portion and vertically aligned with the alignment ring along a vertical Z axis, wherein the face insert is disposed within the recess in the striking face, wherein at least a portion of the at least one support bar extends approximately perpendicular to the rear surface of the body portion, wherein the alignment sphere does not make direct contact with the at least one support bar or the alignment ring, and wherein the alignment ring is spaced from, and does not make direct contact with, any portion of the body portion. 17. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the body is composed of a material selected from a group consisting of titanium alloy and stainless steel. 18. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the alignment sphere is formed of a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum alloy, carbon composite, and plastic. 19. The golf club head of claim 16, wherein the alignment sphere comprises a first color, wherein the alignment ring comprises a second color, and wherein the first color contrasts with the second color. 20. The golf club head of claim 16, further comprising a bolt, wherein the lower portion comprises a threaded through-bore extending from the lower surface to the upper surface, wherein the alignment structure comprises a threaded receiving bore, and wherein a portion of the bolt extends through the threaded through-bore to engage the threaded receiving bore. | 3,700 |
341,246 | 16,801,580 | 3,711 | A capacitor includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a dielectric layer which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The dielectric layer is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide. A thickness of the dielectric layer is 12 nm or more. The dielectric layer has a monoclinic crystal system structure. A concentration of hydrogen in the dielectric layer is 2.5×1021 atoms/cm3 or less. | 1. A capacitor comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a dielectric layer which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein 2. An image sensor comprising:
at least one selected from the group consisting of a photoelectric converter and a photodiode; and the capacitor according to claim 1. 3. A method for manufacturing a capacitor, the method comprising:
laminating a first electrode, a dielectric layer which is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide and which has a film thickness of 12 nm or more, and a second electrode in this order; after at least a part of the dielectric layer is laminated, performing a first heat treatment in an atmosphere excluding hydrogen or a reduced pressure atmosphere at 10−2 Pa or less; and after the second electrode is laminated, performing a second heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein in the laminating, while the first heat treatment is performed, the second electrode is laminated. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, the second electrode is laminated using an atomic layer deposition method. 5. A method for manufacturing a capacitor, the method comprising:
laminating a first electrode, a dielectric layer which is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide and which has a film thickness of 12 nm or more, and a second electrode in this order; after at least a part of the dielectric layer is laminated, performing a first heat treatment in an atmosphere excluding hydrogen or a reduced pressure atmosphere at 10−2 Pa or less; and after the second electrode is laminated, performing a second heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the second electrode is laminated at a temperature of 300° C. or less using a sputtering method. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, the dielectric layer is laminated on the first electrode at a temperature of 300° C. or less using an atomic layer deposition method. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, a precursor of the dielectric layer is supplied at a temperature of 300° C. or less using an atomic layer deposition method, and the first heat treatment is performed after the supply of the precursor is completed. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 350° C. or more. 10. A method for manufacturing an image sensor, the method comprising:
manufacturing a capacitor according to the method of claim 3; and after the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment are performed, forming a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
after the second heat treatment is performed, forming a thin film transistor. 12. The capacitor according to claim 1, wherein,
the dielectric layer has a monoclinic crystal system structure. 13. The image sensor according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first semiconductor substrate in which the photodiode is formed; and a second semiconductor substrate in which a signal processing circuit is formed, wherein the first semiconductor substrate adheres to the second semiconductor substrate. | A capacitor includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a dielectric layer which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The dielectric layer is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide. A thickness of the dielectric layer is 12 nm or more. The dielectric layer has a monoclinic crystal system structure. A concentration of hydrogen in the dielectric layer is 2.5×1021 atoms/cm3 or less.1. A capacitor comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a dielectric layer which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein 2. An image sensor comprising:
at least one selected from the group consisting of a photoelectric converter and a photodiode; and the capacitor according to claim 1. 3. A method for manufacturing a capacitor, the method comprising:
laminating a first electrode, a dielectric layer which is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide and which has a film thickness of 12 nm or more, and a second electrode in this order; after at least a part of the dielectric layer is laminated, performing a first heat treatment in an atmosphere excluding hydrogen or a reduced pressure atmosphere at 10−2 Pa or less; and after the second electrode is laminated, performing a second heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein in the laminating, while the first heat treatment is performed, the second electrode is laminated. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, the second electrode is laminated using an atomic layer deposition method. 5. A method for manufacturing a capacitor, the method comprising:
laminating a first electrode, a dielectric layer which is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a hafnium oxide and a zirconium oxide and which has a film thickness of 12 nm or more, and a second electrode in this order; after at least a part of the dielectric layer is laminated, performing a first heat treatment in an atmosphere excluding hydrogen or a reduced pressure atmosphere at 10−2 Pa or less; and after the second electrode is laminated, performing a second heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the second electrode is laminated at a temperature of 300° C. or less using a sputtering method. 7. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, the dielectric layer is laminated on the first electrode at a temperature of 300° C. or less using an atomic layer deposition method. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein
in the laminating, a precursor of the dielectric layer is supplied at a temperature of 300° C. or less using an atomic layer deposition method, and the first heat treatment is performed after the supply of the precursor is completed. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the first heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 350° C. or more. 10. A method for manufacturing an image sensor, the method comprising:
manufacturing a capacitor according to the method of claim 3; and after the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment are performed, forming a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
after the second heat treatment is performed, forming a thin film transistor. 12. The capacitor according to claim 1, wherein,
the dielectric layer has a monoclinic crystal system structure. 13. The image sensor according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first semiconductor substrate in which the photodiode is formed; and a second semiconductor substrate in which a signal processing circuit is formed, wherein the first semiconductor substrate adheres to the second semiconductor substrate. | 3,700 |
341,247 | 16,801,581 | 3,711 | An antenna apparatus includes a ground plane; first and second patch antenna patterns disposed above and spaced apart from the ground plane, and spaced apart from each other; a first feed via providing a first feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a first point disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; a second feed via providing a second feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a second point disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; and a first coupling pattern spaced apart from the first and second patch antenna patterns between the first and second patch antenna patterns, and defining a first internal space exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern. | 1. An antenna apparatus, comprising:
a ground plane; a first patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from a first surface of the ground plane; a second patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a first feed via configured to provide a first feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a first point of the first patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the first point is spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; a second feed via configured to provide a second feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a second point of the second patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the second point is spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; and a first coupling pattern disposed between the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a first internal space of the first coupling pattern that is exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern. 2. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second coupling pattern disposed between the second patch antenna pattern and the first coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, and configured to define a second internal space of the second coupling pattern that is exposed towards the second patch antenna pattern. 3. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a first ground via electrically connecting the first coupling pattern to the ground plane; and a second ground via electrically connecting the second coupling pattern to the ground plane. 4. The antenna apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the first ground via is electrically connected to a point of the first coupling pattern adjacent to the second coupling pattern, and wherein the second ground via is electrically connected to a point of the second coupling pattern adjacent to the first coupling pattern. 5. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, wherein a gap between the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern is smaller than a gap between the first coupling pattern and the first patch antenna pattern. 6. The antenna apparatus of claim 5, wherein a length of the first coupling pattern along a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the first and second coupling patterns oppose each other is larger than a width of the first coupling pattern. 7. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
an upper coupling pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern such that the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern are disposed between the ground plane and the upper coupling pattern along a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 8. The antenna apparatus of claim 7, wherein the upper coupling pattern is configured to overlap a gap between the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern, the first internal space of the first coupling pattern, and the second internal space of the second coupling pattern in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 9. The antenna apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a first upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a second upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and a supplementary patch pattern spaced apart from the upper coupling pattern along a direction different from at least one direction in which the supplementary patch pattern spaced is apart from the first upper patch pattern and the second upper patch pattern. 10. The antenna apparatus of claim 9, wherein the supplementary patch pattern includes a plurality of supplementary patch patterns spaced apart from each other, and each having a size smaller than a size of the upper coupling pattern. 11. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a first upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a second upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and an upper coupling pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 12. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a third patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern; a fourth patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, the second patch antenna pattern, and the third patch antenna pattern; a third coupling pattern disposed between the first patch antenna pattern and the third patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the third patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a third internal space of the third coupling pattern that is exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern; and a fourth coupling pattern disposed between the second patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a fourth internal of the fourth coupling pattern space that is exposed towards the second patch antenna pattern. 13. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a fifth coupling pattern disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a fifth internal space of the fifth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; a sixth coupling pattern spaced disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and the third coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the third coupling pattern, and configured to define a sixth internal space of the sixth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; a seventh coupling pattern disposed between the fourth patch antenna pattern and the fourth coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the fourth coupling pattern, and configured to define a seventh internal space of the seventh coupling pattern that is exposed towards the fourth patch antenna pattern; and an eighth coupling pattern disposed between the fourth patch antenna pattern and the fifth coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the fifth coupling pattern, and configured to define an eighth internal space of the eighth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the fourth patch antenna pattern. 14. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a third feed via configured to provide a third feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a third point of the first patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the third point is spaced apart from the third patch antenna pattern; a fourth feed via configured to provide a fourth feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a fourth point of the second patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the fourth point is spaced apart from the fourth patch antenna pattern; a fifth feed via configured to provide a fifth feed path of the third patch antenna pattern through a fifth point of the third patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the third patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the fifth point is spaced apart from the fourth patch antenna pattern; a sixth feed via configured to provide a sixth feed path of the third patch antenna pattern through a sixth point of the third patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the third patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the sixth point is spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a seventh feed via configured to provide a seventh feed path of the fourth patch antenna pattern through a seventh point of the fourth patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the fourth patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the seventh point is spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and an eighth feed via configured to provide an eighth feed path of the fourth patch antenna pattern through an eighth point of the fourth patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the fourth patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the eighth point is spaced apart from the third patch antenna pattern. 15. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a fifth coupling pattern disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and fourth patch antenna patterns, and configured to define a fifth internal space exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; and a plurality of upper coupling patterns disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern such that the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern are disposed between the ground plane and the upper coupling patterns along a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 16. The antenna apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of supplementary patch patterns surrounded by the upper coupling patterns, spaced apart from each other, and each having a size smaller than a size of each of the upper coupling patterns. 17. The antenna apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a supplementary patch pattern surrounded by the upper coupling patterns, wherein a space overlapping the supplementary patch pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane and disposed on a same level as the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern is formed of a non-conductive material or air. | An antenna apparatus includes a ground plane; first and second patch antenna patterns disposed above and spaced apart from the ground plane, and spaced apart from each other; a first feed via providing a first feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a first point disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; a second feed via providing a second feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a second point disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; and a first coupling pattern spaced apart from the first and second patch antenna patterns between the first and second patch antenna patterns, and defining a first internal space exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern.1. An antenna apparatus, comprising:
a ground plane; a first patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from a first surface of the ground plane; a second patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a first feed via configured to provide a first feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a first point of the first patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the first point is spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; a second feed via configured to provide a second feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a second point of the second patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the second point is spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; and a first coupling pattern disposed between the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a first internal space of the first coupling pattern that is exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern. 2. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a second coupling pattern disposed between the second patch antenna pattern and the first coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, and configured to define a second internal space of the second coupling pattern that is exposed towards the second patch antenna pattern. 3. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a first ground via electrically connecting the first coupling pattern to the ground plane; and a second ground via electrically connecting the second coupling pattern to the ground plane. 4. The antenna apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the first ground via is electrically connected to a point of the first coupling pattern adjacent to the second coupling pattern, and wherein the second ground via is electrically connected to a point of the second coupling pattern adjacent to the first coupling pattern. 5. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, wherein a gap between the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern is smaller than a gap between the first coupling pattern and the first patch antenna pattern. 6. The antenna apparatus of claim 5, wherein a length of the first coupling pattern along a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the first and second coupling patterns oppose each other is larger than a width of the first coupling pattern. 7. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
an upper coupling pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern such that the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern are disposed between the ground plane and the upper coupling pattern along a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 8. The antenna apparatus of claim 7, wherein the upper coupling pattern is configured to overlap a gap between the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern, the first internal space of the first coupling pattern, and the second internal space of the second coupling pattern in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 9. The antenna apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a first upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a second upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and a supplementary patch pattern spaced apart from the upper coupling pattern along a direction different from at least one direction in which the supplementary patch pattern spaced is apart from the first upper patch pattern and the second upper patch pattern. 10. The antenna apparatus of claim 9, wherein the supplementary patch pattern includes a plurality of supplementary patch patterns spaced apart from each other, and each having a size smaller than a size of the upper coupling pattern. 11. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a first upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a second upper patch pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and an upper coupling pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern in a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 12. The antenna apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:
a third patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the second patch antenna pattern; a fourth patch antenna pattern disposed above and spaced apart from the first surface of the ground plane and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern, the second patch antenna pattern, and the third patch antenna pattern; a third coupling pattern disposed between the first patch antenna pattern and the third patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern and the third patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a third internal space of the third coupling pattern that is exposed towards the first patch antenna pattern; and a fourth coupling pattern disposed between the second patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a fourth internal of the fourth coupling pattern space that is exposed towards the second patch antenna pattern. 13. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a fifth coupling pattern disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and the fourth patch antenna pattern, and configured to define a fifth internal space of the fifth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; a sixth coupling pattern spaced disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and the third coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the third coupling pattern, and configured to define a sixth internal space of the sixth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; a seventh coupling pattern disposed between the fourth patch antenna pattern and the fourth coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the fourth coupling pattern, and configured to define a seventh internal space of the seventh coupling pattern that is exposed towards the fourth patch antenna pattern; and an eighth coupling pattern disposed between the fourth patch antenna pattern and the fifth coupling pattern, and spaced apart from the fifth coupling pattern, and configured to define an eighth internal space of the eighth coupling pattern that is exposed towards the fourth patch antenna pattern. 14. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a third feed via configured to provide a third feed path of the first patch antenna pattern through a third point of the first patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the first patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the third point is spaced apart from the third patch antenna pattern; a fourth feed via configured to provide a fourth feed path of the second patch antenna pattern through a fourth point of the second patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the second patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the fourth point is spaced apart from the fourth patch antenna pattern; a fifth feed via configured to provide a fifth feed path of the third patch antenna pattern through a fifth point of the third patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the third patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the fifth point is spaced apart from the fourth patch antenna pattern; a sixth feed via configured to provide a sixth feed path of the third patch antenna pattern through a sixth point of the third patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the third patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the sixth point is spaced apart from the first patch antenna pattern; a seventh feed via configured to provide a seventh feed path of the fourth patch antenna pattern through a seventh point of the fourth patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the fourth patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the seventh point is spaced apart from the second patch antenna pattern; and an eighth feed via configured to provide an eighth feed path of the fourth patch antenna pattern through an eighth point of the fourth patch antenna pattern, and disposed adjacent to an edge of the fourth patch antenna pattern in a direction in which the eighth point is spaced apart from the third patch antenna pattern. 15. The antenna apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a fifth coupling pattern disposed between the third patch antenna pattern and fourth patch antenna patterns, and configured to define a fifth internal space exposed towards the third patch antenna pattern; and a plurality of upper coupling patterns disposed above and spaced apart from the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern such that the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern are disposed between the ground plane and the upper coupling patterns along a direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane, and configured to overlap the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane. 16. The antenna apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of supplementary patch patterns surrounded by the upper coupling patterns, spaced apart from each other, and each having a size smaller than a size of each of the upper coupling patterns. 17. The antenna apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a supplementary patch pattern surrounded by the upper coupling patterns, wherein a space overlapping the supplementary patch pattern in the direction perpendicular to the first surface of the ground plane and disposed on a same level as the first coupling pattern, the second coupling pattern, the third coupling pattern, the fourth coupling pattern, and the fifth coupling pattern is formed of a non-conductive material or air. | 3,700 |
341,248 | 16,801,588 | 1,672 | An analytic method for improving the efficiency in identifying protein molecular effect information using low resolution x-ray crystallography, by selecting and imaging a protein sample with low resolution x-ray crystallography and assaying the data thus generated as to local ligand strain energy value, followed by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom, followed by determining the true protomer/tautomer state of the protein sample by calculating Scorei according to the following equation so that the highest Scorei signifies the molecular effect information: | 1. An analytic method more efficiently to identify conformational, protonation, or solvent effect information from a real world molecule of interest by using low resolution x-ray crystallography, comprising the steps of: a) selecting an aliquot of a real world molecule sample as a molecule to be diagnosed; b) imaging said molecule by low resolution x-ray crystallography and collecting a quantity of crystallography data generated thereby; c) assaying x-ray density within said crystallography data and creating from said crystallography data thus assayed a population set containing a plurality of set elements consisting of one or more of conformational, protonation or solvent effect information of said real world molecule; d) determining a local ligand strain energy value SE for each of said elements; e) determining ZDD for each of said elements by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom; and f) selecting a single element from among said elements that represents the true conformational, protonation or solvent effect information for at least one moiety of said molecule by calculating Scorei according to the following equation,
Scorei={((ZDD i−μZDD)/σZDD)+((SEi−μSE)/σSE)} 2. An analytic method to identify conformational, protonation, or solvent effect information from a real world molecule of interest by using low resolution x-ray crystallography having a maximum resolution of 1.1 angstrom, comprising the steps of: a) selecting an aliquot of a real world molecule sample as a molecule to be diagnosed; b) imaging said molecule by low resolution x-ray crystallography and collecting a quantity of crystallography data generated thereby; c) assaying x-ray density within said crystallography data and creating from said crystallography data thus assayed a population set containing a plurality of set elements consisting of one or more of conformational, protonation or solvent effect information of said real world molecule; d) determining a local ligand strain energy value SE for each of said elements; e) determining ZDD for each of said elements by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom; and f) selecting a single element from among said elements that represents the true conformational, protonation or solvent effect information for at least one moiety of said molecule by calculating Scorei according to the following equation,
Scorei={((ZDD i−μZDD)/σZDD)+((SEi−μSE)/σSE)} 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said molecule further is a molecular ligand. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said ligand is a drug candidate ligand. | An analytic method for improving the efficiency in identifying protein molecular effect information using low resolution x-ray crystallography, by selecting and imaging a protein sample with low resolution x-ray crystallography and assaying the data thus generated as to local ligand strain energy value, followed by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom, followed by determining the true protomer/tautomer state of the protein sample by calculating Scorei according to the following equation so that the highest Scorei signifies the molecular effect information:1. An analytic method more efficiently to identify conformational, protonation, or solvent effect information from a real world molecule of interest by using low resolution x-ray crystallography, comprising the steps of: a) selecting an aliquot of a real world molecule sample as a molecule to be diagnosed; b) imaging said molecule by low resolution x-ray crystallography and collecting a quantity of crystallography data generated thereby; c) assaying x-ray density within said crystallography data and creating from said crystallography data thus assayed a population set containing a plurality of set elements consisting of one or more of conformational, protonation or solvent effect information of said real world molecule; d) determining a local ligand strain energy value SE for each of said elements; e) determining ZDD for each of said elements by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom; and f) selecting a single element from among said elements that represents the true conformational, protonation or solvent effect information for at least one moiety of said molecule by calculating Scorei according to the following equation,
Scorei={((ZDD i−μZDD)/σZDD)+((SEi−μSE)/σSE)} 2. An analytic method to identify conformational, protonation, or solvent effect information from a real world molecule of interest by using low resolution x-ray crystallography having a maximum resolution of 1.1 angstrom, comprising the steps of: a) selecting an aliquot of a real world molecule sample as a molecule to be diagnosed; b) imaging said molecule by low resolution x-ray crystallography and collecting a quantity of crystallography data generated thereby; c) assaying x-ray density within said crystallography data and creating from said crystallography data thus assayed a population set containing a plurality of set elements consisting of one or more of conformational, protonation or solvent effect information of said real world molecule; d) determining a local ligand strain energy value SE for each of said elements; e) determining ZDD for each of said elements by calculating a real-space difference density Z for each element and compiling ZDD data therefrom; and f) selecting a single element from among said elements that represents the true conformational, protonation or solvent effect information for at least one moiety of said molecule by calculating Scorei according to the following equation,
Scorei={((ZDD i−μZDD)/σZDD)+((SEi−μSE)/σSE)} 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said molecule further is a molecular ligand. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said ligand is a drug candidate ligand. | 1,600 |
341,249 | 16,801,561 | 1,672 | Methods and systems are provided for operating a cylinder of an engine including a pre-chamber ignition system during a cold start condition. In one example, a method may include performing a post-injection in the cylinder, and then performing a pre-chamber combustion during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder. In this way, a temperature of a catalyst of the engine may be increased, which may decrease vehicle emissions during the cold start condition. | 1. A method, comprising:
during a cold start condition, injecting an amount of post-injection fuel in each of a cylinder and a pre-chamber during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder to heat a catalyst, the amount based on an air-fuel ratio (AFR) of a first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture and an AFR of a first cylinder air-fuel mixture; combusting the first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber during a compression stroke of the cylinder to ignite the first cylinder air-fuel mixture; and combusting a second pre-chamber air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein combusting an air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber of the cylinder includes:
delivering air for the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber air injector; delivering fuel for the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber fuel injector; and igniting the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber spark plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein injecting the amount of post-injection fuel in the cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder includes delivering fuel for a post injection via a cylinder fuel injector. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the AFR of exhaust gas from each combustion cycle is substantially stoichiometric. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the AFR of the first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture is rich relative to the AFR of the first cylinder air-fuel mixture. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a duration after an engine start. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a number of crankshaft revolutions after an engine start increasing above a threshold number of crankshaft revolutions after the engine start. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a catalyst temperature of the catalyst decreasing below a threshold catalyst temperature. 10. A method, comprising:
responsive to an engine start, operating a cylinder with a first pre-chamber air-fuel ratio (AFR) and a first cylinder AFR during a compression stroke of the cylinder; and responsive to exceeding a threshold number of engine cycles after the engine start, operating the cylinder with a second pre-chamber AFR and a second cylinder AFR during the compression stroke of the cylinder, the second cylinder AFR based on the second pre-chamber AFR, the second pre-chamber AFR rich relative to the first pre-chamber AFR, and the second cylinder AFR lean relative to the first cylinder AFR; wherein
operating the cylinder with the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR during the compression stroke includes:
producing a first air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber by injecting a first amount of fuel in the pre-chamber and injecting a first amount of air in the pre-chamber during an intake stroke of the cylinder, the first amount of fuel and the first amount of air determined based on the second pre-chamber AFR;
producing a second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder by injecting a second amount of fuel in the cylinder during the intake stroke of the cylinder, the second amount of fuel based in part on the second cylinder AFR;
igniting the first air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber via a spark plug to generate flames during the compression stroke of the cylinder; and
igniting the second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder via the flames from the pre-chamber during the compression stroke of the cylinder. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second pre-chamber AFR is rich relative to stoichiometry, and the second cylinder AFR is lean relative to stoichiometry. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
responsive to exceeding the threshold number of engine cycles after the engine start, injecting a third amount of fuel in the cylinder and operating the pre-chamber with a third pre-chamber AFR during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the third amount of fuel based on the second pre-chamber AFR, the second cylinder AFR, and the third pre-chamber AFR. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein operating the pre-chamber with the third pre-chamber AFR during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder includes:
determining the third pre-chamber AFR based in part on the second pre-chamber AFR; producing a third air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber by injecting a fourth amount of fuel in the pre-chamber and injecting a second amount of air in the pre-chamber during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the fourth amount of fuel and the second amount of air determined based on the third pre-chamber AFR; and injecting a second amount of air in the pre-chamber during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the second amount of air determined based on the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein an AFR of exhaust gas from operating the cylinder with the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR is stoichiometric. 16. A system, comprising:
an engine including a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder including a pre-chamber of a pre-chamber ignition system and a fuel injector; an emissions control device coupled in an exhaust passage of the engine; and a controller storing executable instructions in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
operate each cylinder with a first pre-chamber AFR and a first cylinder AFR during a compression stroke, the first cylinder AFR based on the first pre-chamber AFR;
operate each cylinder with a second pre-chamber AFR and a second cylinder AFR during an exhaust stroke via a post-injection into each of the pre-chamber and the cylinder, responsive to at least one of an indication of a cold start condition and a temperature of the emissions control device below a threshold temperature of the emissions control device to heat the emissions control device, the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR based on the first pre-chamber AFR and the first cylinder AFR;
inject an amount of fuel in the cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder; and
ignite a third air-fuel mixture in the corresponding pre-chamber via a spark plug during the exhaust stroke of each cylinder. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each pre-chamber includes a spark plug, and to operate each cylinder with the first pre-chamber AFR during the compression stroke, the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
during the compression stroke of each cylinder, ignite a first air-fuel mixture in a corresponding pre-chamber via the spark plug to initiate combustion of a second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. 18. (canceled) 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the amount of fuel is determined based in part on the first pre-chamber AFR, the first cylinder AFR, and the second pre-chamber AFR. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the first cylinder AFR is lean relative to stoichiometry, and the first pre-chamber AFR is rich relative to stoichiometry. | Methods and systems are provided for operating a cylinder of an engine including a pre-chamber ignition system during a cold start condition. In one example, a method may include performing a post-injection in the cylinder, and then performing a pre-chamber combustion during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder. In this way, a temperature of a catalyst of the engine may be increased, which may decrease vehicle emissions during the cold start condition.1. A method, comprising:
during a cold start condition, injecting an amount of post-injection fuel in each of a cylinder and a pre-chamber during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder to heat a catalyst, the amount based on an air-fuel ratio (AFR) of a first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture and an AFR of a first cylinder air-fuel mixture; combusting the first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber during a compression stroke of the cylinder to ignite the first cylinder air-fuel mixture; and combusting a second pre-chamber air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein combusting an air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber of the cylinder includes:
delivering air for the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber air injector; delivering fuel for the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber fuel injector; and igniting the air-fuel mixture via a pre-chamber spark plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein injecting the amount of post-injection fuel in the cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder includes delivering fuel for a post injection via a cylinder fuel injector. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the AFR of exhaust gas from each combustion cycle is substantially stoichiometric. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the AFR of the first pre-chamber air-fuel mixture is rich relative to the AFR of the first cylinder air-fuel mixture. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a duration after an engine start. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a number of crankshaft revolutions after an engine start increasing above a threshold number of crankshaft revolutions after the engine start. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold start condition is indicated responsive to a catalyst temperature of the catalyst decreasing below a threshold catalyst temperature. 10. A method, comprising:
responsive to an engine start, operating a cylinder with a first pre-chamber air-fuel ratio (AFR) and a first cylinder AFR during a compression stroke of the cylinder; and responsive to exceeding a threshold number of engine cycles after the engine start, operating the cylinder with a second pre-chamber AFR and a second cylinder AFR during the compression stroke of the cylinder, the second cylinder AFR based on the second pre-chamber AFR, the second pre-chamber AFR rich relative to the first pre-chamber AFR, and the second cylinder AFR lean relative to the first cylinder AFR; wherein
operating the cylinder with the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR during the compression stroke includes:
producing a first air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber by injecting a first amount of fuel in the pre-chamber and injecting a first amount of air in the pre-chamber during an intake stroke of the cylinder, the first amount of fuel and the first amount of air determined based on the second pre-chamber AFR;
producing a second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder by injecting a second amount of fuel in the cylinder during the intake stroke of the cylinder, the second amount of fuel based in part on the second cylinder AFR;
igniting the first air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber via a spark plug to generate flames during the compression stroke of the cylinder; and
igniting the second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder via the flames from the pre-chamber during the compression stroke of the cylinder. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second pre-chamber AFR is rich relative to stoichiometry, and the second cylinder AFR is lean relative to stoichiometry. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
responsive to exceeding the threshold number of engine cycles after the engine start, injecting a third amount of fuel in the cylinder and operating the pre-chamber with a third pre-chamber AFR during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the third amount of fuel based on the second pre-chamber AFR, the second cylinder AFR, and the third pre-chamber AFR. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein operating the pre-chamber with the third pre-chamber AFR during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder includes:
determining the third pre-chamber AFR based in part on the second pre-chamber AFR; producing a third air-fuel mixture in the pre-chamber by injecting a fourth amount of fuel in the pre-chamber and injecting a second amount of air in the pre-chamber during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the fourth amount of fuel and the second amount of air determined based on the third pre-chamber AFR; and injecting a second amount of air in the pre-chamber during an exhaust stroke of the cylinder, the second amount of air determined based on the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein an AFR of exhaust gas from operating the cylinder with the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR is stoichiometric. 16. A system, comprising:
an engine including a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder including a pre-chamber of a pre-chamber ignition system and a fuel injector; an emissions control device coupled in an exhaust passage of the engine; and a controller storing executable instructions in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
operate each cylinder with a first pre-chamber AFR and a first cylinder AFR during a compression stroke, the first cylinder AFR based on the first pre-chamber AFR;
operate each cylinder with a second pre-chamber AFR and a second cylinder AFR during an exhaust stroke via a post-injection into each of the pre-chamber and the cylinder, responsive to at least one of an indication of a cold start condition and a temperature of the emissions control device below a threshold temperature of the emissions control device to heat the emissions control device, the second pre-chamber AFR and the second cylinder AFR based on the first pre-chamber AFR and the first cylinder AFR;
inject an amount of fuel in the cylinder during the exhaust stroke of the cylinder; and
ignite a third air-fuel mixture in the corresponding pre-chamber via a spark plug during the exhaust stroke of each cylinder. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each pre-chamber includes a spark plug, and to operate each cylinder with the first pre-chamber AFR during the compression stroke, the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
during the compression stroke of each cylinder, ignite a first air-fuel mixture in a corresponding pre-chamber via the spark plug to initiate combustion of a second air-fuel mixture in the cylinder. 18. (canceled) 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the amount of fuel is determined based in part on the first pre-chamber AFR, the first cylinder AFR, and the second pre-chamber AFR. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the first cylinder AFR is lean relative to stoichiometry, and the first pre-chamber AFR is rich relative to stoichiometry. | 1,600 |
341,250 | 16,801,548 | 1,672 | In accordance with some embodiments, a technique that enables an electronic device with a camera to automatically gather and generate requisite data from the real-world environment to allow the electronic device to quickly and efficiently determine and provide accurate measurements of physical spaces and/or objects within the real-world environment is described. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a camera; one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device;
determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images;
storing the keyframes; and
in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
displaying a second user interface that does not correspond to the application prior to detecting the activation of the application; and displaying the user interface of the application instead of the second user interface in response to detecting the activation of the application. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
further in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
detecting selection of a first measurement point and a second measurement point in the user interface, wherein the first measurement point corresponds to a first real-world point of the real-world points in a real-world environment and the second measurement point corresponds to a second real-world point of the real-world points in the real-world environment, and wherein determining the distance between the real-world points comprises determining the distance between the first real-world point and the second real-world point. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining the keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images comprises selecting, as the keyframes, one or more of the plurality of images based on the one or more characteristics. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include an amount of movement of the electronic device between a location of the electronic device corresponding to a first image of the plurality of images and a location of the electronic device corresponding to a second image of the plurality of images. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include an image quality of a first image of the plurality of images. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include a brightness level of a first image of the plurality of images. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determining feature points based on the keyframes, wherein the feature points identify an object captured in the keyframes, and wherein the real-world points correspond to points on the object. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the path of movement of the electronic device includes movement of the electronic device in an x-direction and a y-direction in a three-dimensional plane. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining the distance between the real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes, capturing, via the camera, a second plurality of images along a second path of movement of the electronic device; determining new keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the second plurality of images; storing the new keyframes; determining an updated distance between the real-world points using one or more of the stored new keyframes; and displaying, in the user interface of the application, a representation of the updated distance. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a camera, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device; determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images; storing the keyframes; and in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. 12. A method, comprising:
at an electronic device with a camera:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device;
determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images;
storing the keyframes; and
in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. | In accordance with some embodiments, a technique that enables an electronic device with a camera to automatically gather and generate requisite data from the real-world environment to allow the electronic device to quickly and efficiently determine and provide accurate measurements of physical spaces and/or objects within the real-world environment is described.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a camera; one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device;
determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images;
storing the keyframes; and
in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
displaying a second user interface that does not correspond to the application prior to detecting the activation of the application; and displaying the user interface of the application instead of the second user interface in response to detecting the activation of the application. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
further in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
detecting selection of a first measurement point and a second measurement point in the user interface, wherein the first measurement point corresponds to a first real-world point of the real-world points in a real-world environment and the second measurement point corresponds to a second real-world point of the real-world points in the real-world environment, and wherein determining the distance between the real-world points comprises determining the distance between the first real-world point and the second real-world point. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein determining the keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images comprises selecting, as the keyframes, one or more of the plurality of images based on the one or more characteristics. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include an amount of movement of the electronic device between a location of the electronic device corresponding to a first image of the plurality of images and a location of the electronic device corresponding to a second image of the plurality of images. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include an image quality of a first image of the plurality of images. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include a brightness level of a first image of the plurality of images. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
determining feature points based on the keyframes, wherein the feature points identify an object captured in the keyframes, and wherein the real-world points correspond to points on the object. 9. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the path of movement of the electronic device includes movement of the electronic device in an x-direction and a y-direction in a three-dimensional plane. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for:
subsequent to determining the distance between the real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes, capturing, via the camera, a second plurality of images along a second path of movement of the electronic device; determining new keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the second plurality of images; storing the new keyframes; determining an updated distance between the real-world points using one or more of the stored new keyframes; and displaying, in the user interface of the application, a representation of the updated distance. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a camera, the one or more programs including instructions for:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device; determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images; storing the keyframes; and in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. 12. A method, comprising:
at an electronic device with a camera:
prior to detecting activation of an application for measuring a distance between real-world points on the electronic device, capturing, via the camera, a plurality of images along a path of movement of the electronic device;
determining keyframes based on one or more characteristics of the plurality of images;
storing the keyframes; and
in response to detecting the activation of the application for measuring the distance:
determining the distance between real-world points using one or more of the stored keyframes; and
displaying, in a user interface of the application, a representation of the distance. | 1,600 |
341,251 | 16,801,574 | 1,672 | An apparatus and a method for controlling an interior of a vehicle are disclosed. The apparatus for controlling the interior of the vehicle may include an interface configured to receive, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone, and a processor configured to determine a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information, and control the interior of the vehicle based on the relationship between the passengers. When determining the relationship between passengers, a passenger relationship estimation algorithm used may be a neural network model generated through machine learning, and may be stored in a memory in the apparatus for controlling the interior of the vehicle, or may be provided via a server in an artificial intelligence environment through a 5G network. | 1. An apparatus for controlling an interior of a vehicle, comprising:
an interface configured to receive, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera installed in the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone installed in the vehicle; and a processor configured to determine a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information received at predetermined cycles, and control the interior of the vehicle based on the determined relationship between the passengers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to determine the relationship between the passengers by applying a passenger relationship estimation algorithm to the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, and wherein the passenger relationship estimation algorithm is a neural network model trained to estimate a relationship between a plurality of people from information on at least one of motion or conversation sound between the people, based on at least one of appellations between the people, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture. 3. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: set a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on an initially designated position of the seat; in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as a lower relationship having the lowest level of intimacy based on the information, maintain the personal space of each of the passengers having the lower relationship, and in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy based on the information, combine the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship to change the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship into a first shared space; and control the interior of the vehicle by allowing each seat and components attached to the seat to move only within the personal space and the first shared space. 4. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an intermediate relationship other than the lower relationship and the upper relationship, determine a second shared space by overlapping a portion of the personal space of each of the passengers having the intermediate relationship; and extend a movement allowance range of seats of the passengers having the intermediate relationship and the components attached to the seats, from the personal space of the passenger to the second shared space. 5. The apparatus of claim 4,
wherein the processor is configured to: extract situation information from the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and based on the situation information, determine a disposition or a state of each of the passengers whose relationship has been determined; and adjust any one of the personal space, the first shared space, or the second shared space based on the determination result, and wherein the situation information comprises at least one of conversation sound intensity, conversation amount, conversation words, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture. 6. The apparatus of claim 5,
wherein the processor is configured to, in response to checking that the disposition of the passenger is introverted or the state of the passenger is that the passenger is working or sleeping, adjust the second shared space to be as small as a predetermined space. 7. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to provide video content and audio related to the video content in the personal space set for each passenger in the vehicle individually, such that the passengers use different video content. 8. The apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as the upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy, or in response to the video content provided in the personal space of each of the passengers being determined to be the same regardless of the relationship between the passengers, combine the personal spaces of each of the passengers to generate a shared space; and extend and provide one video content and audio related to the one video content in the shared space, such that each of the passengers uses the extended video content and the audio together. 9. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: set a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on the initially designated position of the seat; check whether there is a risk of theft of any item, in response to determining that a second passenger other than a first passenger who is the owner of the item is approaching within a predetermined distance of the item or in response to determining that the item is outside of the personal space of the first passenger, based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles; and in response to checking that there is a risk of theft of the item, provide a risk warning message for the item to a mobile terminal corresponding to the first passenger. 10. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein the processor is configured to check whether there is a risk of theft of the item based on the relationship between the first and second passengers and a predetermined item allowance criterion for each relationship. 11. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: determine a movement allowance range for at least one of the position of the seat of the passenger, rotation of the seat, adjustment of the backrest of the seat, or adjustment of the armrest of the seat, based on the determined relationship between the passengers; and control the interior of the vehicle by adjusting at least one of the seat, the backrest of the seat, or the armrest of the seat based on the movement allowance range. 12. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to determine a degree of change in the seat arrangement of the passengers in the vehicle based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and re-determine the relationship between the passengers in the vehicle according to the degree of change in the seat arrangement. 13. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to check a reservation time and seat number of the passengers for the vehicle in a subscriber list, and based on the check result, determine the relationship between the passengers in the vehicle. 14. A method for controlling an interior of a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera installed in the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone installed in the vehicle; and determining a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information received at predetermined cycles, and controlling the interior of the vehicle based on the determined relationship between the passengers. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
before the controlling the interior of the vehicle, setting a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on an initially designated position of the seat, wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as a lower relationship having the lowest level of intimacy based on the information, maintaining the personal space of each of the passengers having the lower relationship; in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy based on the information, combining the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship to change the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship into a first shared space; and controlling the interior of the vehicle by allowing each seat and components attached to the seat to move only within the personal space and the first shared space. 16. The method of claim 15,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an intermediate relationship other than the lower relationship and the upper relationship, determining a second shared space by overlapping a portion of the personal space of each of the passengers having the intermediate relationship; and extending a movement allowance range of seats of the passengers having the intermediate relationship and the components attached to the seats, from the personal spaces of the passengers to the second shared space. 17. The method of claim 16,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: extracting situation information from the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and based on the situation information, determining a disposition or a state of each of the passengers whose relationship has been determined, wherein the situation information comprises at least one of conversation sound intensity, conversation amount, conversation words, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture; and adjusting any one of the personal space, the first shared space, or the second shared space based on the determination result. 18. The method of claim 15,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle comprises providing video content and audio related to the video content in the personal space set for each passenger in the vehicle individually, such that the passengers use different video content. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as the upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy, or in response to the video content provided in the personal space of each of the passengers being determined to be the same regardless of the relationship between the passengers, combining the personal spaces of each of the passengers to generate a shared space; and extending and providing one video content and audio related to the one video content in the shared space, such that each of the passengers uses the extended video content and the audio together. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
before the controlling the interior of the vehicle, setting a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on the initially designated position of the seat; and after the receiving,
checking whether there is a risk of theft of any item, in response to determining that a second passenger other than a first passenger who is the owner of the item is approaching within a predetermined distance of the item or in response to determining that the item is outside of the personal space of the first passenger, based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles; and
in response to checking that there is a risk of theft of the item, providing a risk warning message for the item to a mobile terminal corresponding to the first passenger. | An apparatus and a method for controlling an interior of a vehicle are disclosed. The apparatus for controlling the interior of the vehicle may include an interface configured to receive, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone, and a processor configured to determine a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information, and control the interior of the vehicle based on the relationship between the passengers. When determining the relationship between passengers, a passenger relationship estimation algorithm used may be a neural network model generated through machine learning, and may be stored in a memory in the apparatus for controlling the interior of the vehicle, or may be provided via a server in an artificial intelligence environment through a 5G network.1. An apparatus for controlling an interior of a vehicle, comprising:
an interface configured to receive, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera installed in the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone installed in the vehicle; and a processor configured to determine a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information received at predetermined cycles, and control the interior of the vehicle based on the determined relationship between the passengers. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to determine the relationship between the passengers by applying a passenger relationship estimation algorithm to the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, and wherein the passenger relationship estimation algorithm is a neural network model trained to estimate a relationship between a plurality of people from information on at least one of motion or conversation sound between the people, based on at least one of appellations between the people, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture. 3. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: set a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on an initially designated position of the seat; in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as a lower relationship having the lowest level of intimacy based on the information, maintain the personal space of each of the passengers having the lower relationship, and in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy based on the information, combine the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship to change the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship into a first shared space; and control the interior of the vehicle by allowing each seat and components attached to the seat to move only within the personal space and the first shared space. 4. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an intermediate relationship other than the lower relationship and the upper relationship, determine a second shared space by overlapping a portion of the personal space of each of the passengers having the intermediate relationship; and extend a movement allowance range of seats of the passengers having the intermediate relationship and the components attached to the seats, from the personal space of the passenger to the second shared space. 5. The apparatus of claim 4,
wherein the processor is configured to: extract situation information from the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and based on the situation information, determine a disposition or a state of each of the passengers whose relationship has been determined; and adjust any one of the personal space, the first shared space, or the second shared space based on the determination result, and wherein the situation information comprises at least one of conversation sound intensity, conversation amount, conversation words, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture. 6. The apparatus of claim 5,
wherein the processor is configured to, in response to checking that the disposition of the passenger is introverted or the state of the passenger is that the passenger is working or sleeping, adjust the second shared space to be as small as a predetermined space. 7. The apparatus of claim 3,
wherein the processor is configured to provide video content and audio related to the video content in the personal space set for each passenger in the vehicle individually, such that the passengers use different video content. 8. The apparatus of claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as the upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy, or in response to the video content provided in the personal space of each of the passengers being determined to be the same regardless of the relationship between the passengers, combine the personal spaces of each of the passengers to generate a shared space; and extend and provide one video content and audio related to the one video content in the shared space, such that each of the passengers uses the extended video content and the audio together. 9. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: set a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on the initially designated position of the seat; check whether there is a risk of theft of any item, in response to determining that a second passenger other than a first passenger who is the owner of the item is approaching within a predetermined distance of the item or in response to determining that the item is outside of the personal space of the first passenger, based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles; and in response to checking that there is a risk of theft of the item, provide a risk warning message for the item to a mobile terminal corresponding to the first passenger. 10. The apparatus of claim 9,
wherein the processor is configured to check whether there is a risk of theft of the item based on the relationship between the first and second passengers and a predetermined item allowance criterion for each relationship. 11. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to: determine a movement allowance range for at least one of the position of the seat of the passenger, rotation of the seat, adjustment of the backrest of the seat, or adjustment of the armrest of the seat, based on the determined relationship between the passengers; and control the interior of the vehicle by adjusting at least one of the seat, the backrest of the seat, or the armrest of the seat based on the movement allowance range. 12. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to determine a degree of change in the seat arrangement of the passengers in the vehicle based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and re-determine the relationship between the passengers in the vehicle according to the degree of change in the seat arrangement. 13. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the processor is configured to check a reservation time and seat number of the passengers for the vehicle in a subscriber list, and based on the check result, determine the relationship between the passengers in the vehicle. 14. A method for controlling an interior of a vehicle, comprising:
receiving, at predetermined cycles, information on at least one of video of an inside of the vehicle collected by a camera installed in the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle collected from a microphone installed in the vehicle; and determining a relationship between passengers in the vehicle based on the information received at predetermined cycles, and controlling the interior of the vehicle based on the determined relationship between the passengers. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
before the controlling the interior of the vehicle, setting a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on an initially designated position of the seat, wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as a lower relationship having the lowest level of intimacy based on the information, maintaining the personal space of each of the passengers having the lower relationship; in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy based on the information, combining the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship to change the personal spaces of each of the passengers having the upper relationship into a first shared space; and controlling the interior of the vehicle by allowing each seat and components attached to the seat to move only within the personal space and the first shared space. 16. The method of claim 15,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as an intermediate relationship other than the lower relationship and the upper relationship, determining a second shared space by overlapping a portion of the personal space of each of the passengers having the intermediate relationship; and extending a movement allowance range of seats of the passengers having the intermediate relationship and the components attached to the seats, from the personal spaces of the passengers to the second shared space. 17. The method of claim 16,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: extracting situation information from the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles, and based on the situation information, determining a disposition or a state of each of the passengers whose relationship has been determined, wherein the situation information comprises at least one of conversation sound intensity, conversation amount, conversation words, physical contact, gaze, expression, tone, whether an object is shared, or sitting posture; and adjusting any one of the personal space, the first shared space, or the second shared space based on the determination result. 18. The method of claim 15,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle comprises providing video content and audio related to the video content in the personal space set for each passenger in the vehicle individually, such that the passengers use different video content. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the controlling the interior of the vehicle further comprises: in response to the relationship between the passengers being determined as the upper relationship having the highest level of intimacy, or in response to the video content provided in the personal space of each of the passengers being determined to be the same regardless of the relationship between the passengers, combining the personal spaces of each of the passengers to generate a shared space; and extending and providing one video content and audio related to the one video content in the shared space, such that each of the passengers uses the extended video content and the audio together. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
before the controlling the interior of the vehicle, setting a certain range as a personal space of a passenger seated in a seat, based on the initially designated position of the seat; and after the receiving,
checking whether there is a risk of theft of any item, in response to determining that a second passenger other than a first passenger who is the owner of the item is approaching within a predetermined distance of the item or in response to determining that the item is outside of the personal space of the first passenger, based on the information on at least one of video of the inside of the vehicle or sound of the inside of the vehicle, which is collected at predetermined cycles; and
in response to checking that there is a risk of theft of the item, providing a risk warning message for the item to a mobile terminal corresponding to the first passenger. | 1,600 |
341,252 | 16,801,587 | 1,672 | In various embodiments, methods and systems are provided for processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle. In one embodiment, a method includes: storing a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; training, by a processor, a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and processing, by a processor, the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of an environment of the vehicle. | 1. A method of processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle, comprising:
storing a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; training, by a processor, a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and processing, by a processor, the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of an environment of the vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the training is based on deep learning methods. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the machine learning model includes a deep neural network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on one or more style transfer methods. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on physical models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on graphic design. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the training comprises:
projecting the scenes onto cameras using camera parameters to simulate an input view; and processing the input view with the machine learning model to generate a virtual surround view approximating one that would be obtained if acquired from a given vantage point by a camera with desired viewpoint parameters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing the camera data comprises:
determining first depth values based on a single camera model for each camera of the camera system; determining pairwise disparity maps from overlapping sections of two adjacent camera images from the camera data; and determining a surround depth map based on the first depth values and the pairwise disparity maps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the processing the camera data further comprises:
determining viewpoint disparities between pixels on a desired viewpoint surround view and input camera pixels; and generating the surround view based on the viewpoint disparities. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the processing the camera data further comprises:
identifying occlusions based on the depth map; performing handling of the identified occlusions; and generating the surround view based on the handled occlusions. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium for processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle, comprising:
a data storage device configured to store a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; a training module configured to, by a processor, train a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and a data processing module configure to, by a processor, process the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of the environment of the vehicle. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the training module performs the training based on deep learning methods. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the machine learning model includes a deep neural network. 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on one or more style transfer methods. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on physical models. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on graphic design. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein data processing module trains the machine learning model by:
projecting the scenes onto cameras using camera parameters to simulate an input view; processing the input view with the machine learning model to generate a virtual surround view approximating one that would be obtained if acquired from a given vantage point by a camera with desired viewpoint parameters. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
determining first depth values based on a single camera model for each camera of the camera system;
determining pairwise disparity maps from overlapping sections of two adjacent camera images from the camera data; and
determining a surround depth map based on the first depth values and the pairwise disparity maps. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
determining viewpoint disparities between pixels on a desired viewpoint surround view and input camera pixels; and generating the surround view based on the viewpoint disparities. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
identifying occlusions based on the depth map; performing handling of the identified occlusions; and generating the surround view based on the handled occlusions. | In various embodiments, methods and systems are provided for processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle. In one embodiment, a method includes: storing a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; training, by a processor, a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and processing, by a processor, the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of an environment of the vehicle.1. A method of processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle, comprising:
storing a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; training, by a processor, a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and processing, by a processor, the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of an environment of the vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the training is based on deep learning methods. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the machine learning model includes a deep neural network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on one or more style transfer methods. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on physical models. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on graphic design. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the training comprises:
projecting the scenes onto cameras using camera parameters to simulate an input view; and processing the input view with the machine learning model to generate a virtual surround view approximating one that would be obtained if acquired from a given vantage point by a camera with desired viewpoint parameters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing the camera data comprises:
determining first depth values based on a single camera model for each camera of the camera system; determining pairwise disparity maps from overlapping sections of two adjacent camera images from the camera data; and determining a surround depth map based on the first depth values and the pairwise disparity maps. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the processing the camera data further comprises:
determining viewpoint disparities between pixels on a desired viewpoint surround view and input camera pixels; and generating the surround view based on the viewpoint disparities. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the processing the camera data further comprises:
identifying occlusions based on the depth map; performing handling of the identified occlusions; and generating the surround view based on the handled occlusions. 11. A non-transitory computer readable medium for processing camera data from a camera system associated with a vehicle, comprising:
a data storage device configured to store a plurality of photorealistic scenes of an environment; a training module configured to, by a processor, train a machine learning model to produce a surround view approximating a ground truth surround view using the plurality of photorealistic scenes as training data; and a data processing module configure to, by a processor, process the camera data from the camera system associated with the vehicle based on the trained machine learning model to produce a surround view of the environment of the vehicle. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the training module performs the training based on deep learning methods. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the machine learning model includes a deep neural network. 14. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on one or more style transfer methods. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on physical models. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the plurality of scenes is generated based on graphic design. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein data processing module trains the machine learning model by:
projecting the scenes onto cameras using camera parameters to simulate an input view; processing the input view with the machine learning model to generate a virtual surround view approximating one that would be obtained if acquired from a given vantage point by a camera with desired viewpoint parameters. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
determining first depth values based on a single camera model for each camera of the camera system;
determining pairwise disparity maps from overlapping sections of two adjacent camera images from the camera data; and
determining a surround depth map based on the first depth values and the pairwise disparity maps. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
determining viewpoint disparities between pixels on a desired viewpoint surround view and input camera pixels; and generating the surround view based on the viewpoint disparities. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein data processing module processes the camera data by:
identifying occlusions based on the depth map; performing handling of the identified occlusions; and generating the surround view based on the handled occlusions. | 1,600 |
341,253 | 16,801,592 | 1,672 | Integrated circuits and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing an integrated circuit includes forming a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer. A base contact layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact, and a base contact is formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer. The base contact is formed in electrical communication with the lower contact. A base interlayer dielectric layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer after forming the base contact, where the base interlayer dielectric layer is adjacent to a base contact side surface. A memory cell is formed overlying the base contact, where the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. | 1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an exposed base contact top surface area. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer includes an electrically conductive material;
the base contact includes an electrical conductor; and
the base interlayer dielectric layer includes an electrical insulator. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is a magnetic tunnel junction memory cell. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number selected from the group of 22 to 33, 40 to 52, 57 to 85, 88 to 117, or a combination thereof. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number of from 72 to 85, or a combination thereof. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base contact layer comprises tantalum nitride. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
a portion of the base contact layer within the alignment mark trench. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is in direct contact with the base contact. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area, and wherein the memory cell bottom surface area is greater than the base contact top surface area. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base interlayer dielectric layer is in direct contact with the base contact side surface. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
a portion of the lower contact is exposed. 15. An integrated circuit comprising:
a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer a base contact layer overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact; a base contact formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer, wherein the base contact is in electrical communication with the lower contact, and wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell formed directly overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area, and wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
wherein the base contact layer is removed from within the alignment mark trench. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
the base interlayer dielectric layer directly contacts a base contact side surface. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 15 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 19. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer including a portion of the interlayer dielectric layer exposed through a block layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area and wherein a base contact bottom surface covers the exposed portion of the interlayer dielectric layer; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19 wherein:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. | Integrated circuits and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing an integrated circuit includes forming a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer. A base contact layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact, and a base contact is formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer. The base contact is formed in electrical communication with the lower contact. A base interlayer dielectric layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer after forming the base contact, where the base interlayer dielectric layer is adjacent to a base contact side surface. A memory cell is formed overlying the base contact, where the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact.1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an exposed base contact top surface area. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer includes an electrically conductive material;
the base contact includes an electrical conductor; and
the base interlayer dielectric layer includes an electrical insulator. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is a magnetic tunnel junction memory cell. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number selected from the group of 22 to 33, 40 to 52, 57 to 85, 88 to 117, or a combination thereof. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number of from 72 to 85, or a combination thereof. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base contact layer comprises tantalum nitride. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
a portion of the base contact layer within the alignment mark trench. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is in direct contact with the base contact. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area, and wherein the memory cell bottom surface area is greater than the base contact top surface area. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base interlayer dielectric layer is in direct contact with the base contact side surface. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
a portion of the lower contact is exposed. 15. An integrated circuit comprising:
a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer a base contact layer overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact; a base contact formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer, wherein the base contact is in electrical communication with the lower contact, and wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell formed directly overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area, and wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
wherein the base contact layer is removed from within the alignment mark trench. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
the base interlayer dielectric layer directly contacts a base contact side surface. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 15 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 19. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer including a portion of the interlayer dielectric layer exposed through a block layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area and wherein a base contact bottom surface covers the exposed portion of the interlayer dielectric layer; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19 wherein:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. | 1,600 |
341,254 | 16,801,601 | 1,672 | Integrated circuits and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing an integrated circuit includes forming a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer. A base contact layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact, and a base contact is formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer. The base contact is formed in electrical communication with the lower contact. A base interlayer dielectric layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer after forming the base contact, where the base interlayer dielectric layer is adjacent to a base contact side surface. A memory cell is formed overlying the base contact, where the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. | 1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an exposed base contact top surface area. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer includes an electrically conductive material;
the base contact includes an electrical conductor; and
the base interlayer dielectric layer includes an electrical insulator. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is a magnetic tunnel junction memory cell. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number selected from the group of 22 to 33, 40 to 52, 57 to 85, 88 to 117, or a combination thereof. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number of from 72 to 85, or a combination thereof. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base contact layer comprises tantalum nitride. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
a portion of the base contact layer within the alignment mark trench. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is in direct contact with the base contact. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area, and wherein the memory cell bottom surface area is greater than the base contact top surface area. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base interlayer dielectric layer is in direct contact with the base contact side surface. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
a portion of the lower contact is exposed. 15. An integrated circuit comprising:
a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer a base contact layer overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact; a base contact formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer, wherein the base contact is in electrical communication with the lower contact, and wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell formed directly overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area, and wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
wherein the base contact layer is removed from within the alignment mark trench. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
the base interlayer dielectric layer directly contacts a base contact side surface. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 15 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 19. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer including a portion of the interlayer dielectric layer exposed through a block layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area and wherein a base contact bottom surface covers the exposed portion of the interlayer dielectric layer; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19 wherein:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. | Integrated circuits and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing an integrated circuit includes forming a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer. A base contact layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact, and a base contact is formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer. The base contact is formed in electrical communication with the lower contact. A base interlayer dielectric layer is formed overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer after forming the base contact, where the base interlayer dielectric layer is adjacent to a base contact side surface. A memory cell is formed overlying the base contact, where the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact.1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an exposed base contact top surface area. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer includes an electrically conductive material;
the base contact includes an electrical conductor; and
the base interlayer dielectric layer includes an electrical insulator. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is a magnetic tunnel junction memory cell. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number selected from the group of 22 to 33, 40 to 52, 57 to 85, 88 to 117, or a combination thereof. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact layer comprises an element with an atomic number of from 72 to 85, or a combination thereof. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base contact layer comprises tantalum nitride. 9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
a portion of the base contact layer within the alignment mark trench. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell is in direct contact with the base contact. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area, and wherein the memory cell bottom surface area is greater than the base contact top surface area. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the base interlayer dielectric layer is in direct contact with the base contact side surface. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein:
a portion of the lower contact is exposed. 15. An integrated circuit comprising:
a lower contact in a lower interlayer dielectric layer a base contact layer overlying the lower interlayer dielectric layer and the lower contact; a base contact formed by removing a portion of the base contact layer, wherein the base contact is in electrical communication with the lower contact, and wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area; and a memory cell formed directly overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell includes a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area, and wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
an alignment mark trench in the lower interlayer dielectric layer; and
wherein the base contact layer is removed from within the alignment mark trench. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 15 further comprising:
the base interlayer dielectric layer directly contacts a base contact side surface. 18. The integrated circuit of claim 15 wherein:
the base contact is free of a void. 19. An integrated circuit comprising:
a base interlayer dielectric layer including a portion of the interlayer dielectric layer exposed through a block layer; a base contact extending through the base interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the base contact has a base contact top surface area and wherein a base contact bottom surface covers the exposed portion of the interlayer dielectric layer; and a memory cell overlying the base contact, wherein the memory cell is in electrical communication with the base contact, wherein the memory cell has a memory cell bottom surface area that is greater than the base contact top surface area. 20. The integrated circuit of claim 19 wherein:
a base contact photoresist layer over the base contact. | 1,600 |
341,255 | 16,801,491 | 1,672 | The present invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate capable of binding IGF-1R. From one aspect, the invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate comprising an antibody capable of binding to IGF-1R, said antibody being conjugated to at least one drug selected from derivatives of dolastatin 10 and auristatins. The invention also comprises method of treatment and the use of said antibody-drug-conjugate for the treatment of cancer. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. An antibody-drug-conjugate of the following formula (I):
Ab-(L-D)n (I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, capable of binding to the human IGF-1R selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 56 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(ii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 56 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(iii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 62 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(iv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 64 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(v) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 64 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(vi) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 66 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(vii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 68 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(viii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 68 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(ix) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 70 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(x) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 72 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xi) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 74 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 76 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xiii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 78 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xiv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 78 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60; and
(xv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
L is a linker; D is a drug moiety of the following formula (II): 24. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 58 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 58 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 63 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 65 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (v) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 65 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (vi) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 67 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (vii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 69 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (viii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 69 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (ix) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (x) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 73 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xi) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 77 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xiii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 79 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xiv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 79 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; and (xv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 25. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 70 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 74 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 34 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 36. 26. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 38 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 40. 27. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57. 28. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 29. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein L is a linker of the following formula (III): 30. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein L2 is of the following formula: 31. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein (W)w is selected from:
a single bond, 32. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein w=0; or w=2 and (W)w is selected from: 33. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein (L-D) is selected from: 34. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, having the following formula: 35. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 34, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 38 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 40. 36. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, having the following formula: 37. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 36, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 38. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein n is 2. 39. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein n is 4. 40. A composition comprising at least one antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23. 41. The composition of claim 40, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. 42. A method for the treatment of an IGF-1R-expressing cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein said IGF-1R-expressing cancer is a cancer chosen from breast, colon, esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular, gastric, glioma, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian, prostate, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal, thyroid, uterine endometrial cancer, mesothelioma, oral squamous carcinoma and any drug resistant cancer. 44. A method for the treatment of an IGF-1R-expressing cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition of claim 40. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said IGF-1R-expressing cancer is a cancer chosen from breast, colon, esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular, gastric, glioma, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian, prostate, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal, thyroid, uterine endometrial cancer, mesothelioma, oral squamous carcinoma and any drug resistant cancer. | The present invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate capable of binding IGF-1R. From one aspect, the invention relates to an antibody-drug-conjugate comprising an antibody capable of binding to IGF-1R, said antibody being conjugated to at least one drug selected from derivatives of dolastatin 10 and auristatins. The invention also comprises method of treatment and the use of said antibody-drug-conjugate for the treatment of cancer.1-22. (canceled) 23. An antibody-drug-conjugate of the following formula (I):
Ab-(L-D)n (I)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ab is an antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof, capable of binding to the human IGF-1R selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 56 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(ii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 56 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(iii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 62 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(iv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 64 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(v) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 64 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(vi) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 66 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(vii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 68 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(viii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 68 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60;
(ix) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 70 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(x) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 72 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xi) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 74 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 76 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xiii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 78 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
(xiv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 78 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 60; and
(xv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57;
L is a linker; D is a drug moiety of the following formula (II): 24. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 58 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 58 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 63 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 65 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (v) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 65 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (vi) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 67 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (vii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 69 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (viii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 69 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; (ix) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (x) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 73 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xi) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 77 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xiii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 79 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (xiv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 79 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 61; and (xv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 25. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 70 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 74 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 34 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 36. 26. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 38 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 40. 27. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 80 and a light chain variable domain of sequence SEQ ID No. 57. 28. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 29. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein L is a linker of the following formula (III): 30. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein L2 is of the following formula: 31. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein (W)w is selected from:
a single bond, 32. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 29, wherein w=0; or w=2 and (W)w is selected from: 33. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein (L-D) is selected from: 34. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, having the following formula: 35. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 34, wherein Ab is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 71 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (ii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 75 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; (iii) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59; and (iv) an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 38 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 40. 36. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, having the following formula: 37. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 36, wherein Ab is an antibody having a heavy chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 81 and a light chain of sequence SEQ ID No. 59. 38. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein n is 2. 39. The antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23, wherein n is 4. 40. A composition comprising at least one antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23. 41. The composition of claim 40, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. 42. A method for the treatment of an IGF-1R-expressing cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one antibody-drug-conjugate of claim 23. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein said IGF-1R-expressing cancer is a cancer chosen from breast, colon, esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular, gastric, glioma, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian, prostate, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal, thyroid, uterine endometrial cancer, mesothelioma, oral squamous carcinoma and any drug resistant cancer. 44. A method for the treatment of an IGF-1R-expressing cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition of claim 40. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said IGF-1R-expressing cancer is a cancer chosen from breast, colon, esophageal carcinoma, hepatocellular, gastric, glioma, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian, prostate, rhabdomyosarcoma, renal, thyroid, uterine endometrial cancer, mesothelioma, oral squamous carcinoma and any drug resistant cancer. | 1,600 |
341,256 | 16,801,534 | 1,672 | The present invention relates to a novel metallocene catalyst compound for the production of a polyolefin resin having a high molecular weight and a wide molecular weight distribution or a method of preparing the same, and more particularly to a metallocene catalyst compound using a ligand containing a Group 15 or 16 element having a bulky substituent or a method of preparing the same. The present invention provides a novel metallocene catalyst compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below. | 1. A metallocene catalyst compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:
(L1){(N-L2)Z1(Y)Z2(N-L3)}(X)M [Chemical Formula 1]
in Chemical Formula 1, L1 is a cyclopentadienyl group including no substituent or including at least one substituent of a C1-C10 alkyl group, an aryl group, and a C1-C10-alkyl-group-substituted silicon (Si); each of L2 and L3 is attached to a nitrogen atom (N), and is independently an aryl group, an aryl group substituted with a C1-C10 alkyl group, or an aryl group containing a halogen element; Y is a Group 15 or 16 element, Y being linked to N-L2 and N-L3 by Z1 and Z2; Z1 and Z2 are each independently a C1-C10 hydrocarbon including or not including at least one substituent of a C1-C10 alkyl group and an aryl group; M is titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf); and X is absent or is at least one halogen, a C1-C10 hydrocarbon group or a hetero atom including a C1-C10 hydrocarbon, depending on M. 2. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein the metallocene catalyst compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2 below: 3. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, R1 to R5 are hydrogen. 4. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, any one of R1 to R5 is one selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, octyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, isohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl and trimethylsilyl. 5. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, the C1-C10 alkyl group of R6 to R15 is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, octyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, isohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, and 5-methylhexyl. 6. A catalyst composition for olefin polymerization, comprising the metallocene catalyst compound of claim 1, an activator and a carrier. 7. The catalyst composition of claim 6, wherein the activator is at least one selected from the group consisting of borate, borane and alkylaluminoxane. 8. A method of producing an olefin polymer, comprising bringing the catalyst composition of claim 6 into contact with an olefin monomer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the olefin monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 3-methylbutene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, 3-methylpentene-1, heptene-1, octene-, decene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4,4-diethyl-1-hexene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-hexene and derivatives thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein olefin polymerization is performed at a polymerization temperature of 20 to 200° C. and a polymerization pressure of 10 to 7000 psig. | The present invention relates to a novel metallocene catalyst compound for the production of a polyolefin resin having a high molecular weight and a wide molecular weight distribution or a method of preparing the same, and more particularly to a metallocene catalyst compound using a ligand containing a Group 15 or 16 element having a bulky substituent or a method of preparing the same. The present invention provides a novel metallocene catalyst compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below.1. A metallocene catalyst compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:
(L1){(N-L2)Z1(Y)Z2(N-L3)}(X)M [Chemical Formula 1]
in Chemical Formula 1, L1 is a cyclopentadienyl group including no substituent or including at least one substituent of a C1-C10 alkyl group, an aryl group, and a C1-C10-alkyl-group-substituted silicon (Si); each of L2 and L3 is attached to a nitrogen atom (N), and is independently an aryl group, an aryl group substituted with a C1-C10 alkyl group, or an aryl group containing a halogen element; Y is a Group 15 or 16 element, Y being linked to N-L2 and N-L3 by Z1 and Z2; Z1 and Z2 are each independently a C1-C10 hydrocarbon including or not including at least one substituent of a C1-C10 alkyl group and an aryl group; M is titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf); and X is absent or is at least one halogen, a C1-C10 hydrocarbon group or a hetero atom including a C1-C10 hydrocarbon, depending on M. 2. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein the metallocene catalyst compound is represented by Chemical Formula 2 below: 3. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, R1 to R5 are hydrogen. 4. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, any one of R1 to R5 is one selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, octyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, isohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl and trimethylsilyl. 5. The metallocene catalyst compound of claim 2, wherein, in Chemical Formula 2, the C1-C10 alkyl group of R6 to R15 is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, octyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, isohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, and 5-methylhexyl. 6. A catalyst composition for olefin polymerization, comprising the metallocene catalyst compound of claim 1, an activator and a carrier. 7. The catalyst composition of claim 6, wherein the activator is at least one selected from the group consisting of borate, borane and alkylaluminoxane. 8. A method of producing an olefin polymer, comprising bringing the catalyst composition of claim 6 into contact with an olefin monomer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the olefin monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 3-methylbutene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, 3-methylpentene-1, heptene-1, octene-, decene-1, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4,4-diethyl-1-hexene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-hexene and derivatives thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein olefin polymerization is performed at a polymerization temperature of 20 to 200° C. and a polymerization pressure of 10 to 7000 psig. | 1,600 |
341,257 | 16,801,585 | 1,781 | Electromagnetic protection devices and reduction materials which absorb ELF, electromagnetic protection devices comprising such materials, and methods for reducing ELF exposure are described herein. | 1-53. (canceled) 54. An electromagnetic protection device comprising:
a. an object capable of emanating electromagnetic radiation, b. a polymer comprising between about 1% and about 20% Himalayan salt, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the object is reduced by the polymer. 55. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 54, wherein the polymer is in the form of a plaque. 56-57. (canceled) 58. An electromagnetic protection device comprising a multi-film layer of Himalayan salt and a polymer film. 59. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein there is one Himalayan salt film and one polymer film. 60. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein there is at least 2 films of Himalayan salt with a polymer film layer in between each layer of Himalayan salt. 61. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 60, wherein there are 4 layers of Himalayan salt. 62. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 63-64. (canceled) 65. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 59, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 1 mm and about 10 mm thick. 66-77. (canceled) 78. An electromagnetic reduction material comprising two or more layers of a polymer film with Himalayan salt in between the at least two layers of polymer film. 79. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein the number of polymer film layers is between 3 and 20. 80. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein the number of polymer film layers is between 3 and 10. 81. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 79, wherein the number of polymer film layers is 6. 82. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein Himalayan salt is placed in between each polymer film layer. 83. (canceled) 84. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein each polymer film is independently selected from PAA, PBS, Polybutylene succinate-Polylactic acid (PBS-PLA), Polybutylene succinate Adipate-Polylactic acid (PBSA-PLA), Polybutylene succinate-talcum (PBS-talcum), Polybutylene succinate-Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBS-PBAT), Polybutylene succinate-Carbon nanotube (PBS-carbon nanotube), Polybutylene succinate-Polylactic acid-Calcium Sulfate Whiskers (PBS-PLA-CaSO4whiskers), N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (BBSA), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). 85. An electromagnetic protection device comprising:
a. an object capable of emanating electromagnetic radiation, b. an electromagnetic reduction material of claim 84. 86. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 59, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 87. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 60, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 88. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 61, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 89. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 79, wherein Himalayan salt is placed in between each polymer film layer. | Electromagnetic protection devices and reduction materials which absorb ELF, electromagnetic protection devices comprising such materials, and methods for reducing ELF exposure are described herein.1-53. (canceled) 54. An electromagnetic protection device comprising:
a. an object capable of emanating electromagnetic radiation, b. a polymer comprising between about 1% and about 20% Himalayan salt, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emanating from the object is reduced by the polymer. 55. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 54, wherein the polymer is in the form of a plaque. 56-57. (canceled) 58. An electromagnetic protection device comprising a multi-film layer of Himalayan salt and a polymer film. 59. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein there is one Himalayan salt film and one polymer film. 60. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein there is at least 2 films of Himalayan salt with a polymer film layer in between each layer of Himalayan salt. 61. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 60, wherein there are 4 layers of Himalayan salt. 62. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 58, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 63-64. (canceled) 65. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 59, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 1 mm and about 10 mm thick. 66-77. (canceled) 78. An electromagnetic reduction material comprising two or more layers of a polymer film with Himalayan salt in between the at least two layers of polymer film. 79. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein the number of polymer film layers is between 3 and 20. 80. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein the number of polymer film layers is between 3 and 10. 81. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 79, wherein the number of polymer film layers is 6. 82. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein Himalayan salt is placed in between each polymer film layer. 83. (canceled) 84. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 78, wherein each polymer film is independently selected from PAA, PBS, Polybutylene succinate-Polylactic acid (PBS-PLA), Polybutylene succinate Adipate-Polylactic acid (PBSA-PLA), Polybutylene succinate-talcum (PBS-talcum), Polybutylene succinate-Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBS-PBAT), Polybutylene succinate-Carbon nanotube (PBS-carbon nanotube), Polybutylene succinate-Polylactic acid-Calcium Sulfate Whiskers (PBS-PLA-CaSO4whiskers), N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (BBSA), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). 85. An electromagnetic protection device comprising:
a. an object capable of emanating electromagnetic radiation, b. an electromagnetic reduction material of claim 84. 86. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 59, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 87. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 60, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 88. The electromagnetic protection device of claim 61, wherein each combined layer of Himalayan salt and polymer film is independently between about 25 microns and about 250 microns thick. 89. The electromagnetic reduction material of claim 79, wherein Himalayan salt is placed in between each polymer film layer. | 1,700 |
341,258 | 16,801,547 | 1,781 | A dual in-line memory module (DIMM) includes a memory storage device having data rows and redundant rows. The DIMM further includes a post-package repair module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from a data row to a redundant row. A memory controller is configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. | 1. An information handling system, comprising:
a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) including a memory storage device and a post-package repair (PPR) module, the memory storage device arranged in a plurality of rows including data rows and redundant rows, the PPR module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from one of the data rows to one of the redundant rows; and a memory controller communicatively coupled to the DIMM and configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 2. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the memory storage device provides an indication that indicates that a number of un-remapped redundant rows is equal to zero when the indication is in a first state, that indicates that the number of un-remapped redundant rows is greater than or equal to one when the indication is in a second state, and that does not otherwise indicate the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows 3. The information handling system of claim 2, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; select a first data row; direct the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; read the first data row; and determine if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. 4. The information handling system of claim 3, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include the pre-determined data pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and increment a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. 5. The information handling system of claim 4, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the memory controller is further configured to:
select a second data row; direct the PPR module to remap the second data row to a second redundant row; read the second data row; and determine if the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern. 6. The information handling system of claim 5, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a second redundant row count pattern to the second data row, wherein the second redundant row pattern is different from the first redundant row pattern; and increment the redundant row counter to indicate a second detection of a second un-remapped redundant row. 7. The information handling system of claim 6, wherein, when the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows based upon the redundant row counter. 8. The information handling system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of rows is organized into a first bank group of rows and a second bank group of rows, the first bank group of rows including first data rows and first redundant rows, and the second bank group of rows including second data rows and second redundant rows; and the memory controller is further configured to determine a first exact number of un-remapped first redundant rows, and a second exact number of un-remapped second redundant rows. 9. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the information handling system is configured to direct the memory controller to determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows during a system boot process for the information handling system. 10. A method, comprising:
coupling a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) of an information handling system to a memory controller of the information handling system, wherein the DIMM includes a memory storage device and a post-package repair (PPR) module, the memory storage device arranged in a plurality of rows including data rows and redundant rows, the PPR module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from a data row to a redundant row; and determining, by the memory controller, an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
providing, by the memory storage device, an indication that indicates that a number of un-remapped redundant rows is equal to zero when the indication is in a first state, that indicates that the number of un-remapped redundant rows is greater than or equal to one when the indication is in a second state, and that does not otherwise indicate the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; selecting a first data row; directing the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; reading the first data row; and determining if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include the pre-determined data pattern, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and incrementing a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the method further comprises:
selecting, by the memory controller, a second data row; directing the PPR module to remap the second data row to a second redundant row; reading the second data row; and determining if the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a second redundant row count pattern to the second data row, wherein the second redundant row pattern is different from the first redundant row pattern; and incrementing the redundant row counter to indicate a second detection of a second un-remapped redundant row. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein, when the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the method further comprises:
determining, by the memory controller, the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows based upon the redundant row counter. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of rows is organized into a first bank group of rows and a second bank group of rows, the first bank group of rows including first data rows and first redundant rows, and the second bank group of rows including second data rows and second redundant rows, the method further comprising;
determining, by the memory controller, a first exact number of un-remapped first redundant rows, and a second exact number of un-remapped second redundant rows. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
directing, by the information handling system, the memory controller to determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows during a system boot process for the information handling system. 19. A memory controller, comprising:
a memory interface communicatively coupled to a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) including a memory having a plurality of data rows and a plurality of redundant rows, the DIMM further including a post-package repair (PPR) module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from one of the data rows to one of the redundant rows; and a redundant row detection module configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 20. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the redundant row detection module is further configured to:
direct the memory controller to write a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; select a first data row; direct the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; direct the memory controller to read the first data row; determine if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. direct the memory controller to write a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and increment a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. | A dual in-line memory module (DIMM) includes a memory storage device having data rows and redundant rows. The DIMM further includes a post-package repair module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from a data row to a redundant row. A memory controller is configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows.1. An information handling system, comprising:
a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) including a memory storage device and a post-package repair (PPR) module, the memory storage device arranged in a plurality of rows including data rows and redundant rows, the PPR module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from one of the data rows to one of the redundant rows; and a memory controller communicatively coupled to the DIMM and configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 2. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the memory storage device provides an indication that indicates that a number of un-remapped redundant rows is equal to zero when the indication is in a first state, that indicates that the number of un-remapped redundant rows is greater than or equal to one when the indication is in a second state, and that does not otherwise indicate the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows 3. The information handling system of claim 2, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; select a first data row; direct the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; read the first data row; and determine if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. 4. The information handling system of claim 3, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include the pre-determined data pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and increment a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. 5. The information handling system of claim 4, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the memory controller is further configured to:
select a second data row; direct the PPR module to remap the second data row to a second redundant row; read the second data row; and determine if the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern. 6. The information handling system of claim 5, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
write a second redundant row count pattern to the second data row, wherein the second redundant row pattern is different from the first redundant row pattern; and increment the redundant row counter to indicate a second detection of a second un-remapped redundant row. 7. The information handling system of claim 6, wherein, when the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the memory controller is further configured to:
determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows based upon the redundant row counter. 8. The information handling system of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of rows is organized into a first bank group of rows and a second bank group of rows, the first bank group of rows including first data rows and first redundant rows, and the second bank group of rows including second data rows and second redundant rows; and the memory controller is further configured to determine a first exact number of un-remapped first redundant rows, and a second exact number of un-remapped second redundant rows. 9. The information handling system of claim 1, wherein the information handling system is configured to direct the memory controller to determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows during a system boot process for the information handling system. 10. A method, comprising:
coupling a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) of an information handling system to a memory controller of the information handling system, wherein the DIMM includes a memory storage device and a post-package repair (PPR) module, the memory storage device arranged in a plurality of rows including data rows and redundant rows, the PPR module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from a data row to a redundant row; and determining, by the memory controller, an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
providing, by the memory storage device, an indication that indicates that a number of un-remapped redundant rows is equal to zero when the indication is in a first state, that indicates that the number of un-remapped redundant rows is greater than or equal to one when the indication is in a second state, and that does not otherwise indicate the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; selecting a first data row; directing the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; reading the first data row; and determining if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include the pre-determined data pattern, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and incrementing a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the method further comprises:
selecting, by the memory controller, a second data row; directing the PPR module to remap the second data row to a second redundant row; reading the second data row; and determining if the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, when the contents of the first data row does not include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the method further comprises:
writing, by the memory controller, a second redundant row count pattern to the second data row, wherein the second redundant row pattern is different from the first redundant row pattern; and incrementing the redundant row counter to indicate a second detection of a second un-remapped redundant row. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein, when the contents of the first data row include either the pre-determined data pattern or the first redundant row pattern, the method further comprises:
determining, by the memory controller, the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows based upon the redundant row counter. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of rows is organized into a first bank group of rows and a second bank group of rows, the first bank group of rows including first data rows and first redundant rows, and the second bank group of rows including second data rows and second redundant rows, the method further comprising;
determining, by the memory controller, a first exact number of un-remapped first redundant rows, and a second exact number of un-remapped second redundant rows. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
directing, by the information handling system, the memory controller to determine the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows during a system boot process for the information handling system. 19. A memory controller, comprising:
a memory interface communicatively coupled to a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) including a memory having a plurality of data rows and a plurality of redundant rows, the DIMM further including a post-package repair (PPR) module configured to remap an address within the DIMM physical address space from one of the data rows to one of the redundant rows; and a redundant row detection module configured to determine an exact number of un-remapped redundant rows. 20. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein, in determining the exact number of un-remapped redundant rows, the redundant row detection module is further configured to:
direct the memory controller to write a pre-determined data pattern to the data rows; select a first data row; direct the PPR module to remap the first data row to a first redundant row; direct the memory controller to read the first data row; determine if the contents of the first data row include the pre-determined data pattern. direct the memory controller to write a first redundant row count pattern to the first data row; and increment a redundant row counter to indicate a first detection of a first un-remapped redundant row. | 1,700 |
341,259 | 16,801,558 | 1,781 | An object detection apparatus includes a first camera unit, a second camera unit, and a control unit. The first camera unit includes one or more cameras, and is configured to capture an image around a vehicle. The second camera unit includes one or more cameras, and is configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle. The control unit is configured to: determine a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area from the image acquired via the first camera unit; determine a pixel displacement of the feature point in the image acquired via the second camera unit; and determine distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. | 1. An object detection apparatus comprising:
a first camera unit comprising one or more cameras, the first camera unit being configured to capture an image around a vehicle; a second camera unit comprising one or more cameras, the second camera unit being configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle; and a control unit configured to:
determine a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area from the image acquired via the first camera unit;
determine a pixel displacement of the feature point in the image acquired via the second camera unit; and
determine distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 2. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to:
determine per-pixel distance information of the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determine the distance information to the recognized object using the per-pixel distance information. 3. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to store per-pixel distance information of the image acquired via the first camera unit as predetermined information. 4. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the common area is an area in a shooting area of the first camera unit overlapping a shooting area of the second camera unit. 5. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first camera unit comprises a surround view monitor (SVM) camera; and the second camera unit comprises a multi-function camera (MFC). 6. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a lamp module configured to illuminate the common area, wherein the control unit is configured to generate the feature point in the common area via the lamp module. 7. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination sensor configured to detect illuminance outside the vehicle; and a lamp module configured to illuminate the common area, wherein the control unit is configured to generate the feature point in the common area via the lamp module in response to the illuminance satisfying a preset reference value. 8. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a bounding box for the object, the control unit is configured to:
couple images of adjacent cameras among the cameras of the first and second camera units to form a coupled image; perform object recognition on the coupled image; and generate the bounding box based on the object recognition. 9. An object detection method for a vehicle, comprising:
determining, by a control unit, a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area of an image acquired via a first camera unit configured to capture an image around the vehicle; determining, by the control unit, a pixel displacement of the feature point in an image acquired via a second camera unit configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle; and determining, by the control unit, distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 10. The object detection method of claim 9, wherein determining the distance information to the object comprises:
determining, by the control unit, per-pixel distance information of the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determining, by the control unit, the distance information to the object using the per-pixel distance information. 11. The object detection method of claim 9, further comprising:
causing, at least in part, a lamp module to generate the feature point in the common area before determining the displacement of the feature point. 12. The object detection method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting, by the control unit, illuminance outside the vehicle via an illuminance sensor before generating the feature point, wherein the control unit is configured to cause, at least in part, the lamp module to generate the feature point in response to the illuminance satisfying a preset reference value. 13. The object detection method of claim 9, further comprising:
coupling, by the control unit, images of adjacent cameras among cameras of the first and second camera units; and generating, by the control unit, a bounding box for an object recognized in the coupled image via object recognition. 14. The object detection method of claim 13, further comprising:
causing, at least in part, a lamp module to illuminate the entire common area. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising one or more sequences of one or more instructions configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
determine displacement of a feature point via one or more first images, the one or more first images corresponding to an area around a vehicle;
determine pixel displacement of the feature point via one or more second images, the one or more second images corresponding to an area in a path of travel of the vehicle; and
determine distance information to an object in the second image based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the feature point is located in an area common to the one or more first images and the one or more second images. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
determine per-pixel distance information via the one or more second images based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determine the distance information to the object based on the per-pixel distance information. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to illuminate a portion of the area in the path of travel of the vehicle to generate the feature point. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to detect illuminance of an ambient environment; and generation of the feature point is in response to satisfaction of a predetermined condition by the illuminance. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
couple a first image among the one or more first images with a second image among the one or more second images; and generate bounding box information with respect to the object. | An object detection apparatus includes a first camera unit, a second camera unit, and a control unit. The first camera unit includes one or more cameras, and is configured to capture an image around a vehicle. The second camera unit includes one or more cameras, and is configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle. The control unit is configured to: determine a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area from the image acquired via the first camera unit; determine a pixel displacement of the feature point in the image acquired via the second camera unit; and determine distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point.1. An object detection apparatus comprising:
a first camera unit comprising one or more cameras, the first camera unit being configured to capture an image around a vehicle; a second camera unit comprising one or more cameras, the second camera unit being configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle; and a control unit configured to:
determine a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area from the image acquired via the first camera unit;
determine a pixel displacement of the feature point in the image acquired via the second camera unit; and
determine distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 2. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to:
determine per-pixel distance information of the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determine the distance information to the recognized object using the per-pixel distance information. 3. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to store per-pixel distance information of the image acquired via the first camera unit as predetermined information. 4. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the common area is an area in a shooting area of the first camera unit overlapping a shooting area of the second camera unit. 5. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first camera unit comprises a surround view monitor (SVM) camera; and the second camera unit comprises a multi-function camera (MFC). 6. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a lamp module configured to illuminate the common area, wherein the control unit is configured to generate the feature point in the common area via the lamp module. 7. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination sensor configured to detect illuminance outside the vehicle; and a lamp module configured to illuminate the common area, wherein the control unit is configured to generate the feature point in the common area via the lamp module in response to the illuminance satisfying a preset reference value. 8. The object detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, to generate a bounding box for the object, the control unit is configured to:
couple images of adjacent cameras among the cameras of the first and second camera units to form a coupled image; perform object recognition on the coupled image; and generate the bounding box based on the object recognition. 9. An object detection method for a vehicle, comprising:
determining, by a control unit, a displacement of a feature point positioned in a common area of an image acquired via a first camera unit configured to capture an image around the vehicle; determining, by the control unit, a pixel displacement of the feature point in an image acquired via a second camera unit configured to capture an image of an area ahead of the vehicle; and determining, by the control unit, distance information to an object recognized in the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 10. The object detection method of claim 9, wherein determining the distance information to the object comprises:
determining, by the control unit, per-pixel distance information of the image captured via the second camera unit based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determining, by the control unit, the distance information to the object using the per-pixel distance information. 11. The object detection method of claim 9, further comprising:
causing, at least in part, a lamp module to generate the feature point in the common area before determining the displacement of the feature point. 12. The object detection method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting, by the control unit, illuminance outside the vehicle via an illuminance sensor before generating the feature point, wherein the control unit is configured to cause, at least in part, the lamp module to generate the feature point in response to the illuminance satisfying a preset reference value. 13. The object detection method of claim 9, further comprising:
coupling, by the control unit, images of adjacent cameras among cameras of the first and second camera units; and generating, by the control unit, a bounding box for an object recognized in the coupled image via object recognition. 14. The object detection method of claim 13, further comprising:
causing, at least in part, a lamp module to illuminate the entire common area. 15. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising one or more sequences of one or more instructions configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
determine displacement of a feature point via one or more first images, the one or more first images corresponding to an area around a vehicle;
determine pixel displacement of the feature point via one or more second images, the one or more second images corresponding to an area in a path of travel of the vehicle; and
determine distance information to an object in the second image based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the feature point is located in an area common to the one or more first images and the one or more second images. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
determine per-pixel distance information via the one or more second images based on the displacement of the feature point and the pixel displacement of the feature point; and determine the distance information to the object based on the per-pixel distance information. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to illuminate a portion of the area in the path of travel of the vehicle to generate the feature point. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to detect illuminance of an ambient environment; and generation of the feature point is in response to satisfaction of a predetermined condition by the illuminance. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory and the one or more sequences of one or more instructions are further configured to, in response to being executed via the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
couple a first image among the one or more first images with a second image among the one or more second images; and generate bounding box information with respect to the object. | 1,700 |
341,260 | 16,801,603 | 2,847 | An electromagnetic and radiation shielding system includes an enclosure shaped to define a room interior which is accessible through a single passageway, and a door assembly for selectively enclosing the passageway. The door assembly includes a frame mounted within the passageway in conductive contact with a metal skin incorporated into the enclosure, a door with a conductive rear face which is adapted to selectively enclose the passageway, and a seal for selectively establishing continuous, peripheral contact between the frame and the rear face of the door when the door is disposed in its closed position. In this manner, the door assembly cooperates with the enclosure to form an electromagnetic barrier around the room interior in all directions. Additionally, both the enclosure and the door are constructed with a layer of radiation-shielding material to form a radiation barrier around the room interior in all directions. | 1. An electromagnetic and radiation shielding system, the system comprising:
(a) a single enclosure shaped to define a room interior, the room interior being externally accessible through a single passageway; and (b) a door assembly for selectively enclosing the single passageway; (c) wherein the door assembly cooperates with the single enclosure to form an electromagnetic barrier around the room interior in all directions; (d) wherein the door assembly cooperates with the single enclosure to form a radiation barrier around the room interior in all directions. 2. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the single enclosure includes a flooring, a plurality of walls and a ceiling which together define the room interior. 3. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of the floor, the plurality of walls and the ceiling includes a radiation shield and an electromagnetic shield. 4. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the radiation shield is in the form of a layer of radiation-shielding material. 5. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic shield is in the form of a skin of conductive material. 6. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the door assembly comprises
(a) a frame mounted onto the enclosure within the single passageway, the frame being in conductive contact with the electromagnetic shield in the enclosure; and
(b) a door adapted to be displaced between an open position and a closed position;
(c) wherein, when in its closed position, the door encloses the passageway and is adapted to selectively establish continuous, peripheral, conductive contact with the frame. 7. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the door comprises a front face, a rear face, a top face, a bottom face, a left-side face and a right-side face, the rear face of the door including a conductive portion. 8. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 7 wherein, with the door in its closed position, the conductive portion on the rear face of the door is adapted to selectively contact the frame through a continuous conductive seal. 9. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the door comprises a layer of radiation shielding material. 10. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the frame comprises:
(a) a pair of upright, opposing jambs, each jamb having a top end and a bottom end;
(b) a horizontal header disposed in contact with the top ends of the pair of upright jambs; and
(c) a sill adapted to be mounted in a flooring within the passageway, the sill being disposed in contact with the bottom ends of the pair of upright jambs. 11. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 10 further comprising:
(a) an articulating member conductively coupled to each of the pair of upright jambs and the horizontal header; and
(b) at least one conductive gasket connected to the articulating member,
(c) wherein, with the door in its closed position, the articulating member is adapted to be displaced such that the at least one conductive gasket is disposed in contact with the conductive portion on the rear surface of the door. 12. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 11 further comprising a pneumatic actuator which is adapted to selectively displace the articulating member coupled to each of the upright jambs and the horizontal header. 13. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 10 further comprising:
(a) a bracket connected to the door; and
(b) at least one conductive gasket conductively coupled to the conductive portion on the rear surface of the door;
(c) wherein, with the door in its closed position, the at least one conductive gasket contacts the sill. 14. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the sill comprises a central section and a wing formed onto an end of the central section, the wing projecting from the central section at an acute downward angle relative thereto. 15. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wing is adapted to project into a slot formed in the flooring in which the sill is mounted. 16. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the gasket is adapted to project into the slot when the door is disposed in its open position. 17. A door assembly for an electromagnetic and radiation shielded enclosure, the enclosure being shaped to define a room interior which is accessible through a single passageway, the enclosure comprising an electromagnetic shield and a radiation shield, door assembly comprising:
(a) a frame mounted onto the enclosure within the single passageway, the frame being in conductive contact with the electromagnetic shield in the enclosure; (b) a door adapted to be displaced between an open position and a closed position, the door comprising a layer of radiation shielding material, the door having a rear face which includes a conductive portion; and (c) a seal for selectively establishing continuous, peripheral, conductive contact between the frame and the conductive portion of the door when the door is disposed in its closed position. 18. The door assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein the frame comprises:
(a) a pair of upright, opposing jambs, each jamb having a top end and a bottom end;
(b) a horizontal header disposed in contact with the top ends of the pair of upright jambs; and
(c) a sill adapted to be mounted in a flooring within the passageway, the sill being disposed in contact with the bottom ends of the pair of upright jambs. 19. The door assembly as claimed in claim 18 wherein the sill comprises a central section and a wing formed onto an end of the central section, the wing projecting from the central section at an acute downward angle relative thereto. | An electromagnetic and radiation shielding system includes an enclosure shaped to define a room interior which is accessible through a single passageway, and a door assembly for selectively enclosing the passageway. The door assembly includes a frame mounted within the passageway in conductive contact with a metal skin incorporated into the enclosure, a door with a conductive rear face which is adapted to selectively enclose the passageway, and a seal for selectively establishing continuous, peripheral contact between the frame and the rear face of the door when the door is disposed in its closed position. In this manner, the door assembly cooperates with the enclosure to form an electromagnetic barrier around the room interior in all directions. Additionally, both the enclosure and the door are constructed with a layer of radiation-shielding material to form a radiation barrier around the room interior in all directions.1. An electromagnetic and radiation shielding system, the system comprising:
(a) a single enclosure shaped to define a room interior, the room interior being externally accessible through a single passageway; and (b) a door assembly for selectively enclosing the single passageway; (c) wherein the door assembly cooperates with the single enclosure to form an electromagnetic barrier around the room interior in all directions; (d) wherein the door assembly cooperates with the single enclosure to form a radiation barrier around the room interior in all directions. 2. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the single enclosure includes a flooring, a plurality of walls and a ceiling which together define the room interior. 3. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 2 wherein each of the floor, the plurality of walls and the ceiling includes a radiation shield and an electromagnetic shield. 4. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the radiation shield is in the form of a layer of radiation-shielding material. 5. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the electromagnetic shield is in the form of a skin of conductive material. 6. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the door assembly comprises
(a) a frame mounted onto the enclosure within the single passageway, the frame being in conductive contact with the electromagnetic shield in the enclosure; and
(b) a door adapted to be displaced between an open position and a closed position;
(c) wherein, when in its closed position, the door encloses the passageway and is adapted to selectively establish continuous, peripheral, conductive contact with the frame. 7. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 6 wherein the door comprises a front face, a rear face, a top face, a bottom face, a left-side face and a right-side face, the rear face of the door including a conductive portion. 8. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 7 wherein, with the door in its closed position, the conductive portion on the rear face of the door is adapted to selectively contact the frame through a continuous conductive seal. 9. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the door comprises a layer of radiation shielding material. 10. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the frame comprises:
(a) a pair of upright, opposing jambs, each jamb having a top end and a bottom end;
(b) a horizontal header disposed in contact with the top ends of the pair of upright jambs; and
(c) a sill adapted to be mounted in a flooring within the passageway, the sill being disposed in contact with the bottom ends of the pair of upright jambs. 11. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 10 further comprising:
(a) an articulating member conductively coupled to each of the pair of upright jambs and the horizontal header; and
(b) at least one conductive gasket connected to the articulating member,
(c) wherein, with the door in its closed position, the articulating member is adapted to be displaced such that the at least one conductive gasket is disposed in contact with the conductive portion on the rear surface of the door. 12. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 11 further comprising a pneumatic actuator which is adapted to selectively displace the articulating member coupled to each of the upright jambs and the horizontal header. 13. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 10 further comprising:
(a) a bracket connected to the door; and
(b) at least one conductive gasket conductively coupled to the conductive portion on the rear surface of the door;
(c) wherein, with the door in its closed position, the at least one conductive gasket contacts the sill. 14. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 13 wherein the sill comprises a central section and a wing formed onto an end of the central section, the wing projecting from the central section at an acute downward angle relative thereto. 15. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wing is adapted to project into a slot formed in the flooring in which the sill is mounted. 16. The electromagnetic and radiation shielding system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the gasket is adapted to project into the slot when the door is disposed in its open position. 17. A door assembly for an electromagnetic and radiation shielded enclosure, the enclosure being shaped to define a room interior which is accessible through a single passageway, the enclosure comprising an electromagnetic shield and a radiation shield, door assembly comprising:
(a) a frame mounted onto the enclosure within the single passageway, the frame being in conductive contact with the electromagnetic shield in the enclosure; (b) a door adapted to be displaced between an open position and a closed position, the door comprising a layer of radiation shielding material, the door having a rear face which includes a conductive portion; and (c) a seal for selectively establishing continuous, peripheral, conductive contact between the frame and the conductive portion of the door when the door is disposed in its closed position. 18. The door assembly as claimed in claim 17 wherein the frame comprises:
(a) a pair of upright, opposing jambs, each jamb having a top end and a bottom end;
(b) a horizontal header disposed in contact with the top ends of the pair of upright jambs; and
(c) a sill adapted to be mounted in a flooring within the passageway, the sill being disposed in contact with the bottom ends of the pair of upright jambs. 19. The door assembly as claimed in claim 18 wherein the sill comprises a central section and a wing formed onto an end of the central section, the wing projecting from the central section at an acute downward angle relative thereto. | 2,800 |
341,261 | 16,801,593 | 2,847 | Systems and methods are provided for handling print jobs. One embodiment is a system that includes a print server that serves a print shop having printers which exhibit different capabilities. The print server includes an interface that receives print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data, a memory that stores the print jobs, and a controller. The controller schedules the print jobs for printing at the printers, and converts content of at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at. | 1. A system comprising:
a print server that serves a print shop having printers which exhibit different capabilities, the print server comprising:
an interface that receives print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data;
a memory that stores the print jobs; and
a controller that schedules the print jobs for printing at the printers, and converts content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein:
for each print job, the controller converts content in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein:
for each of the printers, the memory stores a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein:
different implementations of content comprise differences selected from the group consisting of: formatting, syntax, commands, and language. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the controller converts content of the print jobs by performing operations selected from the group consisting of: removing pages, adding pages, rotating pages, replacing content, stamping pages, watermarking pages, altering finishing instructions, selecting a page size, and selecting print media. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of JDF instructions, and the controller converts content by altering the JDF instructions to a different implementation of JDF. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of PDF instructions, and the controller converts content by altering the PDF instructions to a different implementation of PDF. 9. A method comprising:
receiving print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data; scheduling the print jobs for printing at printers that exhibit different capabilities; and converting content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs is performed, for each print job, in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
for each of the printers, storing a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein:
different implementations of content comprise differences selected from the group consisting of: formatting, syntax, commands, and language 14. The method of claim 9 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs comprises performing operations selected from the group consisting of: removing pages, adding pages, rotating pages, replacing content, stamping pages, watermarking pages, altering finishing instructions, selecting a page size, and selecting print media. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of JDF instructions, and the method further comprises converting content by altering the JDF instructions to a different implementation of JDF. 16. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of PDF instructions, and the method further comprises converting content by altering the PDF instructions to a different implementation of PDF. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium embodying programmed instructions which, when executed by a processor, are operable for performing a method comprising:
receiving print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data; scheduling the print jobs for printing at printers that exhibit different capabilities; and converting content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs is performed, for each print job, in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 further comprising:
for each of the printers, storing a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. | Systems and methods are provided for handling print jobs. One embodiment is a system that includes a print server that serves a print shop having printers which exhibit different capabilities. The print server includes an interface that receives print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data, a memory that stores the print jobs, and a controller. The controller schedules the print jobs for printing at the printers, and converts content of at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at.1. A system comprising:
a print server that serves a print shop having printers which exhibit different capabilities, the print server comprising:
an interface that receives print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data;
a memory that stores the print jobs; and
a controller that schedules the print jobs for printing at the printers, and converts content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein:
for each print job, the controller converts content in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein:
for each of the printers, the memory stores a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein:
different implementations of content comprise differences selected from the group consisting of: formatting, syntax, commands, and language. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the controller converts content of the print jobs by performing operations selected from the group consisting of: removing pages, adding pages, rotating pages, replacing content, stamping pages, watermarking pages, altering finishing instructions, selecting a page size, and selecting print media. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of JDF instructions, and the controller converts content by altering the JDF instructions to a different implementation of JDF. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of PDF instructions, and the controller converts content by altering the PDF instructions to a different implementation of PDF. 9. A method comprising:
receiving print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data; scheduling the print jobs for printing at printers that exhibit different capabilities; and converting content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs is performed, for each print job, in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
for each of the printers, storing a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein:
different implementations of content comprise differences selected from the group consisting of: formatting, syntax, commands, and language 14. The method of claim 9 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs comprises performing operations selected from the group consisting of: removing pages, adding pages, rotating pages, replacing content, stamping pages, watermarking pages, altering finishing instructions, selecting a page size, and selecting print media. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of JDF instructions, and the method further comprises converting content by altering the JDF instructions to a different implementation of JDF. 16. The method of claim 9 wherein:
the different capabilities comprise differences in interpretation of PDF instructions, and the method further comprises converting content by altering the PDF instructions to a different implementation of PDF. 17. A non-transitory computer readable medium embodying programmed instructions which, when executed by a processor, are operable for performing a method comprising:
receiving print jobs that each include content in the form of a Job Definition Format (JDF) job ticket and Portable Document Format (PDF) print data; scheduling the print jobs for printing at printers that exhibit different capabilities; and converting content in a format for at least one of the print jobs to a different implementation of the format currently used for the content, such that print jobs scheduled for printing at different printers include different implementations of the format for the content, based on the capabilities of the printer that they are scheduled for printing at, wherein different implementations of the format reflect customizations of the format. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 wherein:
converting content of the print jobs is performed, for each print job, in response to determining that a printer scheduled for printing that print job is ready to immediately print that print job. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 further comprising:
for each of the printers, storing a chain indicating a unique combination of modifications to perform for print jobs prior to printing, based on the capabilities of that printer. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 wherein:
the unique combination of modifications varies between printers having different capabilities. | 2,800 |
341,262 | 16,801,586 | 2,847 | Systems and methods are described for sharing a user interface between users. The system transmits live video simultaneously to a plurality of users. Then, the system determines a subset of the plurality of users, such that the subset includes two users that have a predetermined relationship. Then, during playback of the video, the system detects an object in a frame of the video corresponding to preferences of the first user. In response, the system determines whether the second user is researching information related to the object during playback of the video. If the second user is researching such information, the system streams a mirror image of a user interface with which the second user is performing the researching to the first user. | 1-51. (canceled) 52. A method for sharing content between users, the method comprising:
detecting that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device; detecting that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generating for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship comprises determining that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the determining that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user comprises determining that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 55. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
comparing metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; and detecting a match based on the comparing, wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is performed in response to the match being detected. 56. The method of claim 52, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query and wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, the method further comprising:
detecting that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item; and in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generating for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 57. The method of claim 52, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship comprises:
accessing a social media database; and determining that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 58. The method of claim 52, wherein the detecting that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item comprises:
detecting that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and comparing the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 59. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
generating for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; and receiving permission to share from the first user, wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is further in response to the receiving the permission to share. 60. The method of claim 59, further comprising:
presenting the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; receiving a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share; and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, ceasing the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 61. The method of claim 52, wherein the image is visually formatted before the generating for display on the second user device. 62. A system for sharing content between users, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
detect that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device;
detect that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; and
determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and
video generating circuitry configured to, in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 63. The system of claim 62, wherein, to determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 64. The system of claim 63, wherein, to determine that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 65. The system of claim 62, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
compare metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; and detect a match based on the comparing, wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface in response to the match being detected. 66. The system of claim 62, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query and wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, the control circuitry is further configured to:
detect that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item, and wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to, in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 67. The system of claim 62, wherein, to determine that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, the control circuitry is further configured to:
access a social media database; and determine that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 68. The system of claim 62, wherein, to detect that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item, the control circuitry is further configured to:
detect that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and compare the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 69. The system of claim 62, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; and receive permission to share from the first user, wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface further in response to the receipt of the permission to share. 70. The system of claim 69, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
present the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; and receive a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, the video generating circuitry is further configured to cease the generation for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 71. The system of claim 62, wherein the image is visually formatted before generating for display on the second user device. 72. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions encoded thereon that when executed by control circuitry causes the control circuitry to:
detect that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device; detect that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 73. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship comprises determining that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 74. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 73, wherein the determining that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user comprises determining that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 75. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
compare metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; detect a match based on the comparing; and generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface in response to the match being detected. 76. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query, wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, and wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
detect that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item; and in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 77. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship comprises:
accessing a social media database; and determining that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 78. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the detecting that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item comprises:
detecting that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and comparing the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
generate for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; receive permission to share from the first user; and wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is further in response to the receipt of the permission to share. 80. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 79, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
present the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; receive a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, cease the generation for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 81. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to visually format the image before generating for display on the second user device. | Systems and methods are described for sharing a user interface between users. The system transmits live video simultaneously to a plurality of users. Then, the system determines a subset of the plurality of users, such that the subset includes two users that have a predetermined relationship. Then, during playback of the video, the system detects an object in a frame of the video corresponding to preferences of the first user. In response, the system determines whether the second user is researching information related to the object during playback of the video. If the second user is researching such information, the system streams a mirror image of a user interface with which the second user is performing the researching to the first user.1-51. (canceled) 52. A method for sharing content between users, the method comprising:
detecting that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device; detecting that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generating for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship comprises determining that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the determining that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user comprises determining that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 55. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
comparing metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; and detecting a match based on the comparing, wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is performed in response to the match being detected. 56. The method of claim 52, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query and wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, the method further comprising:
detecting that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item; and in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generating for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 57. The method of claim 52, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship comprises:
accessing a social media database; and determining that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 58. The method of claim 52, wherein the detecting that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item comprises:
detecting that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and comparing the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 59. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
generating for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; and receiving permission to share from the first user, wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is further in response to the receiving the permission to share. 60. The method of claim 59, further comprising:
presenting the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; receiving a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share; and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, ceasing the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 61. The method of claim 52, wherein the image is visually formatted before the generating for display on the second user device. 62. A system for sharing content between users, the system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
detect that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device;
detect that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; and
determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and
video generating circuitry configured to, in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 63. The system of claim 62, wherein, to determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 64. The system of claim 63, wherein, to determine that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 65. The system of claim 62, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
compare metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; and detect a match based on the comparing, wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface in response to the match being detected. 66. The system of claim 62, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query and wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, the control circuitry is further configured to:
detect that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item, and wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to, in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 67. The system of claim 62, wherein, to determine that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, the control circuitry is further configured to:
access a social media database; and determine that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 68. The system of claim 62, wherein, to detect that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item, the control circuitry is further configured to:
detect that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and compare the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 69. The system of claim 62, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; and receive permission to share from the first user, wherein the video generating circuitry is configured to generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface further in response to the receipt of the permission to share. 70. The system of claim 69, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
present the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; and receive a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, the video generating circuitry is further configured to cease the generation for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 71. The system of claim 62, wherein the image is visually formatted before generating for display on the second user device. 72. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions encoded thereon that when executed by control circuitry causes the control circuitry to:
detect that a first user device of a first user is generating for display a search interface associated with a content item, wherein the content item is generated for display on the first user device; detect that a second user device of a second user is generating for display the content item; determine that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship; and in response to the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the search interface that is generated for display on the first user device. 73. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have a predetermined relationship comprises determining that a user profile of the second user comprises an identification of the first user. 74. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 73, wherein the determining that the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user comprises determining that a plurality of preference keywords of the user profile of the second user comprises the identification of the first user. 75. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
compare metadata of the content item with a user profile of the second user; detect a match based on the comparing; and generate for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface in response to the match being detected. 76. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the search interface comprises a first search query associated with the content item and results of the first search query, wherein the image comprises the first search query and the results of the first search query, and wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
detect that the first user inputted a second search query associated with the content item; and in response to detecting that the first user inputted the second search query, generate for display on the second user device, an image corresponding to the second search query and results of the second search query. 77. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the determining that the first user and the second user have the predetermined relationship comprises:
accessing a social media database; and determining that the first user and the second user are listed as linked by the social media database. 78. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the detecting that the first user device of the first user is generating for display the search interface associated with the content item comprises:
detecting that the first user has inputted text into a search engine displayed on the first user device; and comparing the inputted text with metadata associated with the detected content item. 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
generate for display on the first user device a request for permission to share the search interface with the second user; receive permission to share from the first user; and wherein the generating for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface is further in response to the receipt of the permission to share. 80. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 79, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
present the first user with an option to revoke the permission to share; receive a user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, and in response to the receiving the user selection of the option to revoke the permission to share, cease the generation for display on the second user device the image corresponding to the search interface. 81. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 72, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to visually format the image before generating for display on the second user device. | 2,800 |
341,263 | 16,801,590 | 2,847 | A model-based approach to determining an optimal configuration for a data center may use an environmental chamber to characterize the performance of various data center configurations at different combinations of temperature and altitude. Telemetry data may be recorded from different configurations as they execute a stress workload at each temperature/altitude combination, and the telemetry data may be used to train a corresponding library of models. When a new data center is being configured, the temperature/altitude of the new data center may be used to select a pre-trained model from a similar temperature/altitude. Performance of the current configuration can be compared to the performance of the model, and if the model performs better, a new configuration based on the model may be used as an optimal configuration for the data center. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the model is identified from among a plurality of models, wherein each of the plurality of models is trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in environments having different environmental characteristics. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the one or more data center configurations are placed in an environmental chamber to control the environmental characteristics while the one or more data center configurations execute the workload. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the environmental chamber controls a temperature and a simulated altitude around the one or more data center configurations. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber is configured to simulate an altitude and collect a full telemetry suite of signals at a plurality of temperatures at the altitude. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperatures includes temperatures between approximately 15° C. and 35° C. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber simulates a plurality of altitudes between approximately sea level and 5000 feet. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of temperatures are incremented at intervals of approximately 1° C. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the one or more environmental characteristics comprise an ambient temperature surrounding the data center and an altitude at which the data center is installed. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein identifying the model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in the environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics comprises:
executing a nearest-neighbor algorithm to identify the environmental characteristics that are most similar to the one or more environmental characteristics. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the nearest-neighbor algorithm minimizes a difference between a temperature for the model and a temperature for the data center, and minimizes a difference between a simulated altitude of the model and an altitude of the data center. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of processors in the data center. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of hard disk drives in the data center. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a data cache size. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the data center comprises a cloud data center. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing the first performance metric to a Service Level Agreement (SLA); and determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA, wherein the model is identified in response to determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the second performance metric exceeds the first performance metric; and providing the second configuration to be implanted by the data center. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first performance metric comprises a processor performance for each processor in the data center, and an I/O performance for each hard disk drive in the data center. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload;
identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center;
generating a second performance metric from the model;
comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and
determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 20. A method for autonomously determining an optimal configuration for data centers using a library of models pre-trained at various combinations of environmental characteristics, the method comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. | A model-based approach to determining an optimal configuration for a data center may use an environmental chamber to characterize the performance of various data center configurations at different combinations of temperature and altitude. Telemetry data may be recorded from different configurations as they execute a stress workload at each temperature/altitude combination, and the telemetry data may be used to train a corresponding library of models. When a new data center is being configured, the temperature/altitude of the new data center may be used to select a pre-trained model from a similar temperature/altitude. Performance of the current configuration can be compared to the performance of the model, and if the model performs better, a new configuration based on the model may be used as an optimal configuration for the data center.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the model is identified from among a plurality of models, wherein each of the plurality of models is trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in environments having different environmental characteristics. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the one or more data center configurations are placed in an environmental chamber to control the environmental characteristics while the one or more data center configurations execute the workload. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the environmental chamber controls a temperature and a simulated altitude around the one or more data center configurations. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber is configured to simulate an altitude and collect a full telemetry suite of signals at a plurality of temperatures at the altitude. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperatures includes temperatures between approximately 15° C. and 35° C. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber simulates a plurality of altitudes between approximately sea level and 5000 feet. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of temperatures are incremented at intervals of approximately 1° C. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the one or more environmental characteristics comprise an ambient temperature surrounding the data center and an altitude at which the data center is installed. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein identifying the model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in the environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics comprises:
executing a nearest-neighbor algorithm to identify the environmental characteristics that are most similar to the one or more environmental characteristics. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the nearest-neighbor algorithm minimizes a difference between a temperature for the model and a temperature for the data center, and minimizes a difference between a simulated altitude of the model and an altitude of the data center. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of processors in the data center. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of hard disk drives in the data center. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a data cache size. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the data center comprises a cloud data center. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing the first performance metric to a Service Level Agreement (SLA); and determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA, wherein the model is identified in response to determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the second performance metric exceeds the first performance metric; and providing the second configuration to be implanted by the data center. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first performance metric comprises a processor performance for each processor in the data center, and an I/O performance for each hard disk drive in the data center. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload;
identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center;
generating a second performance metric from the model;
comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and
determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 20. A method for autonomously determining an optimal configuration for data centers using a library of models pre-trained at various combinations of environmental characteristics, the method comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. | 2,800 |
341,264 | 16,801,596 | 2,847 | A model-based approach to determining an optimal configuration for a data center may use an environmental chamber to characterize the performance of various data center configurations at different combinations of temperature and altitude. Telemetry data may be recorded from different configurations as they execute a stress workload at each temperature/altitude combination, and the telemetry data may be used to train a corresponding library of models. When a new data center is being configured, the temperature/altitude of the new data center may be used to select a pre-trained model from a similar temperature/altitude. Performance of the current configuration can be compared to the performance of the model, and if the model performs better, a new configuration based on the model may be used as an optimal configuration for the data center. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the model is identified from among a plurality of models, wherein each of the plurality of models is trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in environments having different environmental characteristics. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the one or more data center configurations are placed in an environmental chamber to control the environmental characteristics while the one or more data center configurations execute the workload. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the environmental chamber controls a temperature and a simulated altitude around the one or more data center configurations. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber is configured to simulate an altitude and collect a full telemetry suite of signals at a plurality of temperatures at the altitude. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperatures includes temperatures between approximately 15° C. and 35° C. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber simulates a plurality of altitudes between approximately sea level and 5000 feet. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of temperatures are incremented at intervals of approximately 1° C. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the one or more environmental characteristics comprise an ambient temperature surrounding the data center and an altitude at which the data center is installed. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein identifying the model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in the environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics comprises:
executing a nearest-neighbor algorithm to identify the environmental characteristics that are most similar to the one or more environmental characteristics. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the nearest-neighbor algorithm minimizes a difference between a temperature for the model and a temperature for the data center, and minimizes a difference between a simulated altitude of the model and an altitude of the data center. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of processors in the data center. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of hard disk drives in the data center. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a data cache size. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the data center comprises a cloud data center. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing the first performance metric to a Service Level Agreement (SLA); and determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA, wherein the model is identified in response to determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the second performance metric exceeds the first performance metric; and providing the second configuration to be implanted by the data center. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first performance metric comprises a processor performance for each processor in the data center, and an I/O performance for each hard disk drive in the data center. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload;
identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center;
generating a second performance metric from the model;
comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and
determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 20. A method for autonomously determining an optimal configuration for data centers using a library of models pre-trained at various combinations of environmental characteristics, the method comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. | A model-based approach to determining an optimal configuration for a data center may use an environmental chamber to characterize the performance of various data center configurations at different combinations of temperature and altitude. Telemetry data may be recorded from different configurations as they execute a stress workload at each temperature/altitude combination, and the telemetry data may be used to train a corresponding library of models. When a new data center is being configured, the temperature/altitude of the new data center may be used to select a pre-trained model from a similar temperature/altitude. Performance of the current configuration can be compared to the performance of the model, and if the model performs better, a new configuration based on the model may be used as an optimal configuration for the data center.1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the model is identified from among a plurality of models, wherein each of the plurality of models is trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in environments having different environmental characteristics. 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1,
wherein the one or more data center configurations are placed in an environmental chamber to control the environmental characteristics while the one or more data center configurations execute the workload. 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 3, wherein the environmental chamber controls a temperature and a simulated altitude around the one or more data center configurations. 5. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber is configured to simulate an altitude and collect a full telemetry suite of signals at a plurality of temperatures at the altitude. 6. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of temperatures includes temperatures between approximately 15° C. and 35° C. 7. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 4, wherein the environmental chamber simulates a plurality of altitudes between approximately sea level and 5000 feet. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of temperatures are incremented at intervals of approximately 1° C. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the one or more environmental characteristics comprise an ambient temperature surrounding the data center and an altitude at which the data center is installed. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein identifying the model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in the environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics comprises:
executing a nearest-neighbor algorithm to identify the environmental characteristics that are most similar to the one or more environmental characteristics. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the nearest-neighbor algorithm minimizes a difference between a temperature for the model and a temperature for the data center, and minimizes a difference between a simulated altitude of the model and an altitude of the data center. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of processors in the data center. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a number and type of hard disk drives in the data center. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a data cache size. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the data center comprises a cloud data center. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing the first performance metric to a Service Level Agreement (SLA); and determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA, wherein the model is identified in response to determining that the first performance metric does not meet the SLA. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining that the second performance metric exceeds the first performance metric; and providing the second configuration to be implanted by the data center. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the first performance metric comprises a processor performance for each processor in the data center, and an I/O performance for each hard disk drive in the data center. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memory devices comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload;
identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center;
generating a second performance metric from the model;
comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and
determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. 20. A method for autonomously determining an optimal configuration for data centers using a library of models pre-trained at various combinations of environmental characteristics, the method comprising:
receiving a first performance metric from a data center, wherein:
the data center comprises a first configuration; and
the first performance metric is generated as the data center executes a workload;
receiving one or more environmental characteristics for the data center as the data center executes the workload; identifying a model that was trained using data from one or more data center configurations operating in an environment having environmental characteristics that are similar to the one or more environmental characteristics of the data center; generating a second performance metric from the model; comparing the second performance metric to the first performance metric; and determining a second configuration for the data center from the model. | 2,800 |
341,265 | 16,801,606 | 2,847 | The present disclosure provides a stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable. The stacking arrangement includes optical fiber ribbon stack, first bendable optical fiber ribbon, second bendable optical fiber ribbon, third bendable optical fiber ribbon, fourth bendable optical fiber ribbon and optical fiber ribbons. The optical fiber ribbon stack includes at least four corners. Each optical fiber at the corresponding four corners of the optical fiber ribbon stack is a bend insensitive optical fiber. One or more optical fibers are placed adjacent to each other at the corresponding four corners of the optical fiber ribbon stack. | 1. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers. 2. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of bend insensitive optical fibers corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 3. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein a bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 4. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprises a plurality of bendable optical fiber ribbons, wherein the bendable optical fiber ribbons is intermittently bonded ribbon, tru-ribbon or flat ribbon. 5. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack is a square shaped ribbon stack. 6. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each optical fiber in the plurality of optical fiber ribbons has a diameter in a range of about 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 7. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters. 8. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 9. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a width in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 10. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a height in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 11. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable, comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprises at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers, wherein the bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 12. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bend insensitive fiber corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 13. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack is a square shaped ribbon stack. 14. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein each optical fiber in a plurality of optical fibers ribbons has a diameter in a range of 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 15. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has at least one of a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters and a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 16. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a width in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters and a height in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 17. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable, comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers, wherein the bend insensitive fiber corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 18. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 19. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein each optical fiber in the plurality of optical fibers ribbons has a diameter in a range of 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 20. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters and a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. | The present disclosure provides a stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable. The stacking arrangement includes optical fiber ribbon stack, first bendable optical fiber ribbon, second bendable optical fiber ribbon, third bendable optical fiber ribbon, fourth bendable optical fiber ribbon and optical fiber ribbons. The optical fiber ribbon stack includes at least four corners. Each optical fiber at the corresponding four corners of the optical fiber ribbon stack is a bend insensitive optical fiber. One or more optical fibers are placed adjacent to each other at the corresponding four corners of the optical fiber ribbon stack.1. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers. 2. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of bend insensitive optical fibers corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 3. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein a bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 4. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprises a plurality of bendable optical fiber ribbons, wherein the bendable optical fiber ribbons is intermittently bonded ribbon, tru-ribbon or flat ribbon. 5. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack is a square shaped ribbon stack. 6. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein each optical fiber in the plurality of optical fiber ribbons has a diameter in a range of about 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 7. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters. 8. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 9. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a width in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 10. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a height in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 11. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable, comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprises at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers, wherein the bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 12. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bend insensitive fiber corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 13. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack is a square shaped ribbon stack. 14. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein each optical fiber in a plurality of optical fibers ribbons has a diameter in a range of 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 15. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has at least one of a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters and a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. 16. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 11, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack has a width in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters and a height in a range of about 5.8 millimeters to 6.2 millimeters. 17. A stacking arrangement of an optical fiber ribbon in a buffer tube of an optical fiber cable, comprising:
an optical fiber ribbon stack, wherein the optical fiber ribbon stack comprising at least four corners, wherein each corner of the at least four corners is defined by a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the plurality of optical fibers corresponding to each corners of at least four corners are bend insensitive fibers, wherein the bend insensitive fiber corresponding to each of the four corners form a square arrangement at the corresponding corner. 18. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein the bend radius of each bend insensitive fiber is around 5 D, wherein D is a diameter of the optical fiber. 19. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein each optical fiber in the plurality of optical fibers ribbons has a diameter in a range of 180 micrometers to 220 micrometers. 20. The stacking arrangement of the optical fiber ribbon as claimed in claim 17, wherein the optical fiber ribbon has a width in a range of about 2.8 millimeters to 3.1 millimeters and a height in a range of about 220 micrometers to 300 micrometers. | 2,800 |
341,266 | 16,801,570 | 2,847 | A market route recommendation method, system, and computer program product include determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor, analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd, and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. | 1. A computer-implemented market route recommendation method, the method comprising:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the markets change location over time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 7. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 8. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the markets change location over time. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 14. A market route recommendation system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor;
analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and
identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the markets change location over time. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 20. The system of claim 19, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. | A market route recommendation method, system, and computer program product include determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor, analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd, and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets.1. A computer-implemented market route recommendation method, the method comprising:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the markets change location over time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 7. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 8. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the markets change location over time. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 14. A market route recommendation system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor;
analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and
identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the markets change location over time. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 20. The system of claim 19, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. | 2,800 |
341,267 | 16,801,608 | 2,847 | A market route recommendation method, system, and computer program product include determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor, analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd, and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. | 1. A computer-implemented market route recommendation method, the method comprising:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the markets change location over time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 7. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 8. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the markets change location over time. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 14. A market route recommendation system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor;
analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and
identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the markets change location over time. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 20. The system of claim 19, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. | A market route recommendation method, system, and computer program product include determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor, analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd, and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets.1. A computer-implemented market route recommendation method, the method comprising:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the markets change location over time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 7. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 8. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor; analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the markets change location over time. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 14. A market route recommendation system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
determining a strain on a herd during travel to markets based on a dynamic factor;
analyzing a potential return of the markets in at least two locations by performing real-time profiling of possible market routes based on the dynamic factor influencing the strain on the herd; and
identifying an optimal path to one of the markets based on a minimal strain on the herd and a maximum potential return of the one of the markets. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising adjusting an active route to the one of the markets when an increase of the strain on the herd due to the dynamic factor is identified. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the dynamic factor comprises at least one of:
a cloud cover; wind; an access to water; an access to foraging; and a difficulty in terrain. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the markets change location over time. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the identifying outputs a plurality of paths including the optimal path, and
wherein a user selects one of the plurality of paths to travel. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the herd is not split up during the travel to the market. 20. The system of claim 19, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. | 2,800 |
341,268 | 16,801,576 | 2,847 | Semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof are disclosed herein. An exemplary semiconductor device comprises a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed along a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin and a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin; a second liner layer disposed over the first liner layer in the second region, wherein the second liner layer is different from the first liner layer in composition; and an isolation feature disposed on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region, and separating lower portions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed along a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin and a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin; a second liner layer disposed over the first liner layer in the second region, wherein the second liner layer is different from the first liner layer in composition; and an isolation feature disposed directly on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region, and separating lower portions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor fin is doped with a p-type dopant to form a channel for an n-type field effect transistor (FET) and the second semiconductor fin is doped with an n-type dopant to form a channel for a p-type FET. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first liner layer includes a first dielectric material effective to block the p-type dopant from being deactivated in the first semiconductor fin; and the second liner layer includes a second dielectric material effective to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the second semiconductor fin. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the first liner layer includes silicon dioxide and the second layer includes silicon nitride. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first liner layer has a uniform thickness on the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin; and the second liner layer has a uniform thickness on the first liner layer in the second region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first liner layer is about 2 nm to about 4 nm and a thickness of the second liner layer is about 1 nm to about 3 nm. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a metal gate structure including a gate dielectric layer and a gate electrode, wherein the gate dielectric layer is formed on a top surface of the isolation feature, a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region, and a top surface of the second liner layers in the second region, and the gate electrode is formed over the gate dielectric layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising a dielectric separation feature disposed in the metal gate structure between the first region and the second region, wherein the dielectric separation feature is inserted into the isolation feature. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the separation feature is further inserted into the substrate and contact sidewalls of the first liner layer and the second liner layer. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second liner layer is shifted over a portion of the first liner layer in the first region, and a shifting distance of the second liner layer over the portion of the first liner layer in the first region is less than about 30% of a distance between the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 11. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first semiconductor fin within a first region and a second semiconductor fin within a second region over a substrate, wherein the first semiconductor fin includes a first type dopant and the second semiconductor fin includes a second type dopant; depositing a first liner layer over the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin; depositing a second liner layer over the first liner layer; removing the second liner layer in the first region to expose the first liner layer in the first region; and forming an isolation feature directly on the first liner layer in the first region and directly on the second liner layer in the second region to isolate lower regions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first semiconductor fin includes the first type dopant of a first doping concentration, the second semiconductor fin includes the second type dopant of a second doping concentration, and the first doping concentration and the second doping concentration are substantially the same. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein,
depositing the first liner layer includes conformally depositing the first liner layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD); and depositing the second liner layer includes conformally depositing the second liner layer by ALD. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein,
depositing of the first liner layer includes depositing a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material effective to block the p-type dopant from being deactivated in the first semiconductor fin; and depositing of the second liner layer includes depositing a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material effective to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the second semiconductor fin. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein removing the second liner layer in the first region includes:
depositing a hard mask over the second region; selectively etching the second liner layer in the first region while the second region is covered by the hard mask; and removing the hard mask over the second region. 16. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
performing an annealing process to the first liner layer before depositing the second liner layer. 17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
removing portions of the first liner layer and the second liner layer above the isolation feature; and forming a metal gate structure over the isolation feature, a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region, and a top surface of the second liner layer in the second region, wherein the metal gate structure wraps around channels of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
forming a dummy gate structure over the isolation feature, the first liner layer in the first region, and the second liner layer in the second region; forming epitaxial source/drain features in the first region and in the second region; and removing the dummy gate structure to expose the first liner layer in the first region and the second liner layer in the second region. 19. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed directly on the substrate and along sidewalls of a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin in the first region; a second liner layer disposed on the substrate and along sidewalls of a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin in the second region; and an isolation feature directly disposed on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 19, further comprising:
a first metal gate structure disposed over a top portion of the first semiconductor fin, wherein the first metal gate structure includes a first gate dielectric layer and a first gate electrode disposed over the first gate dielectric layer, a bottom portion of the first gate dielectric layer directly contacts a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region; and a second metal gate structure disposed over a top portion of the second semiconductor fin, wherein the second metal gate structure includes a second gate dielectric layer and a second gate electrode disposed over the second gate dielectric layer, a bottom portion of the second gate dielectric layer directly contacts a top surface of the second liner layer in the second region. | Semiconductor device and the manufacturing method thereof are disclosed herein. An exemplary semiconductor device comprises a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed along a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin and a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin; a second liner layer disposed over the first liner layer in the second region, wherein the second liner layer is different from the first liner layer in composition; and an isolation feature disposed on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region, and separating lower portions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed along a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin and a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin; a second liner layer disposed over the first liner layer in the second region, wherein the second liner layer is different from the first liner layer in composition; and an isolation feature disposed directly on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region, and separating lower portions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor fin is doped with a p-type dopant to form a channel for an n-type field effect transistor (FET) and the second semiconductor fin is doped with an n-type dopant to form a channel for a p-type FET. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein
the first liner layer includes a first dielectric material effective to block the p-type dopant from being deactivated in the first semiconductor fin; and the second liner layer includes a second dielectric material effective to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the second semiconductor fin. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the first liner layer includes silicon dioxide and the second layer includes silicon nitride. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first liner layer has a uniform thickness on the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin; and the second liner layer has a uniform thickness on the first liner layer in the second region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first liner layer is about 2 nm to about 4 nm and a thickness of the second liner layer is about 1 nm to about 3 nm. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a metal gate structure including a gate dielectric layer and a gate electrode, wherein the gate dielectric layer is formed on a top surface of the isolation feature, a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region, and a top surface of the second liner layers in the second region, and the gate electrode is formed over the gate dielectric layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising a dielectric separation feature disposed in the metal gate structure between the first region and the second region, wherein the dielectric separation feature is inserted into the isolation feature. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the separation feature is further inserted into the substrate and contact sidewalls of the first liner layer and the second liner layer. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second liner layer is shifted over a portion of the first liner layer in the first region, and a shifting distance of the second liner layer over the portion of the first liner layer in the first region is less than about 30% of a distance between the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 11. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first semiconductor fin within a first region and a second semiconductor fin within a second region over a substrate, wherein the first semiconductor fin includes a first type dopant and the second semiconductor fin includes a second type dopant; depositing a first liner layer over the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin; depositing a second liner layer over the first liner layer; removing the second liner layer in the first region to expose the first liner layer in the first region; and forming an isolation feature directly on the first liner layer in the first region and directly on the second liner layer in the second region to isolate lower regions of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first semiconductor fin includes the first type dopant of a first doping concentration, the second semiconductor fin includes the second type dopant of a second doping concentration, and the first doping concentration and the second doping concentration are substantially the same. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein,
depositing the first liner layer includes conformally depositing the first liner layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD); and depositing the second liner layer includes conformally depositing the second liner layer by ALD. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein,
depositing of the first liner layer includes depositing a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material effective to block the p-type dopant from being deactivated in the first semiconductor fin; and depositing of the second liner layer includes depositing a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material effective to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the second semiconductor fin. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein removing the second liner layer in the first region includes:
depositing a hard mask over the second region; selectively etching the second liner layer in the first region while the second region is covered by the hard mask; and removing the hard mask over the second region. 16. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
performing an annealing process to the first liner layer before depositing the second liner layer. 17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
removing portions of the first liner layer and the second liner layer above the isolation feature; and forming a metal gate structure over the isolation feature, a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region, and a top surface of the second liner layer in the second region, wherein the metal gate structure wraps around channels of the first semiconductor fin and the second semiconductor fin. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
forming a dummy gate structure over the isolation feature, the first liner layer in the first region, and the second liner layer in the second region; forming epitaxial source/drain features in the first region and in the second region; and removing the dummy gate structure to expose the first liner layer in the first region and the second liner layer in the second region. 19. A semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the first region; a second semiconductor fin formed on the substrate within the second region; a first liner layer disposed directly on the substrate and along sidewalls of a lower portion of the first semiconductor fin in the first region; a second liner layer disposed on the substrate and along sidewalls of a lower portion of the second semiconductor fin in the second region; and an isolation feature directly disposed on the first liner layer in the first region and on the second liner layer in the second region. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 19, further comprising:
a first metal gate structure disposed over a top portion of the first semiconductor fin, wherein the first metal gate structure includes a first gate dielectric layer and a first gate electrode disposed over the first gate dielectric layer, a bottom portion of the first gate dielectric layer directly contacts a top surface of the first liner layer in the first region; and a second metal gate structure disposed over a top portion of the second semiconductor fin, wherein the second metal gate structure includes a second gate dielectric layer and a second gate electrode disposed over the second gate dielectric layer, a bottom portion of the second gate dielectric layer directly contacts a top surface of the second liner layer in the second region. | 2,800 |
341,269 | 16,801,591 | 2,847 | A system and method of melt infiltrating components is provided. In one example aspect, an inductive heating system includes a heating source that inductively heats a susceptor. The susceptor defines a working chamber in which components can be received. During melt infiltration, the system can heat the susceptor and thus the components and melt infiltrants disposed within the working chamber at a first heating rate. The first heating rate can be faster than 50° C./minute. The system can then heat the components and melt infiltrants at a second heating rate. The first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. Thereafter, the system can heat the components and infiltrants at a third heating rate. The third heating rate can be a constant rate at or above the melting point of the melt infiltrants. The infiltrants can melt and thus infiltrate into the component to densify the component. | 1. A method of melt infiltrating a component utilizing an induction heating system, the method comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and a melt infiltrant at a first heating rate within a working chamber of the induction heating system, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; and heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant at a second heating rate within the working chamber, wherein the first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. 2. The method of claim 1, the component is heated at the first heating rate until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a first temperature threshold. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first temperature threshold is set at a temperature that is set less than and within 1-10% of a melting point of the melt infiltrant. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate corresponds to a heating rate slower than 500° C./minute. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate corresponds to a heating rate between 100° C./minute and 200° C./minute. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the component is heated at the second heating rate until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a second temperature threshold. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second temperature threshold is a melting point of the melt infiltrant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate is at least ten times faster than the second heating rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second heating rate corresponds to a heating rate between 20° C./hour and 200° C./hour. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at a substantially constant temperature at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant for a time period such that the melt infiltrant infiltrates the component. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant for a preselected time period to allow the melt infiltrant to infiltrate the component; and cooling, via the induction heating system, the infiltrated component. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cooling comprises:
flowing an inert atmosphere into the working chamber. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the cooling comprises:
flowing a cooling fluid through a heat exchanger positioned in a heat exchange relationship with the working chamber. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the melt infiltrant is silicon and the component is a CMC preform, and wherein the method further comprises:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant to allow the melt infiltrant to infiltrate the component, and wherein the melt infiltrant infiltrates the component at an infiltration rate between 0.13-0.51 cm/minute. 15. An induction heating system, comprising:
a susceptor defining a working chamber for receiving a component and a melt infiltrant; a heating source for inductively imparting thermal energy to the susceptor; a control system, comprising:
one or more sensors;
one or more controllers communicatively coupled with the one or more sensors and the heating source, the one or more controllers configured to:
cause the heating source to heat the susceptor such that the component and the melt infiltrant disposed within the working chamber are heated at a first heating rate, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; and
cause the heating source to heat the susceptor such that the component and the melt infiltrant disposed within the working chamber are heated at a second heating rate, wherein the first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. 16. The induction heating system of claim 15, wherein the working chamber is between one tenth of a cubic foot and ten cubic feet. 17. The induction heating system of claim 15, wherein the first heating rate is between 100° C./minute and 500° C./minute and the second heating rate is between 20° C./hour and 200° C./hour. 18. A method of melt infiltrating a component utilizing an induction heating system, the method comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and a melt infiltrant at a first heating rate within a working chamber of the induction heating system until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a first temperature threshold, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant at a second heating rate within the working chamber until the temperature within the working chamber reaches a second temperature threshold, wherein the first heating rate is at least five times faster than the second heating rate and the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the component is a CMC preform having pores, and wherein at least 85% or more of the pores have a pore size of less than 0.2 microns. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first temperature threshold is set at a temperature that is less than and within 5-10% of the temperature of a melting point of the melt infiltrant. | A system and method of melt infiltrating components is provided. In one example aspect, an inductive heating system includes a heating source that inductively heats a susceptor. The susceptor defines a working chamber in which components can be received. During melt infiltration, the system can heat the susceptor and thus the components and melt infiltrants disposed within the working chamber at a first heating rate. The first heating rate can be faster than 50° C./minute. The system can then heat the components and melt infiltrants at a second heating rate. The first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. Thereafter, the system can heat the components and infiltrants at a third heating rate. The third heating rate can be a constant rate at or above the melting point of the melt infiltrants. The infiltrants can melt and thus infiltrate into the component to densify the component.1. A method of melt infiltrating a component utilizing an induction heating system, the method comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and a melt infiltrant at a first heating rate within a working chamber of the induction heating system, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; and heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant at a second heating rate within the working chamber, wherein the first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. 2. The method of claim 1, the component is heated at the first heating rate until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a first temperature threshold. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first temperature threshold is set at a temperature that is set less than and within 1-10% of a melting point of the melt infiltrant. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate corresponds to a heating rate slower than 500° C./minute. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate corresponds to a heating rate between 100° C./minute and 200° C./minute. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the component is heated at the second heating rate until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a second temperature threshold. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second temperature threshold is a melting point of the melt infiltrant. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heating rate is at least ten times faster than the second heating rate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second heating rate corresponds to a heating rate between 20° C./hour and 200° C./hour. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at a substantially constant temperature at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant for a time period such that the melt infiltrant infiltrates the component. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant for a preselected time period to allow the melt infiltrant to infiltrate the component; and cooling, via the induction heating system, the infiltrated component. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cooling comprises:
flowing an inert atmosphere into the working chamber. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the cooling comprises:
flowing a cooling fluid through a heat exchanger positioned in a heat exchange relationship with the working chamber. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the melt infiltrant is silicon and the component is a CMC preform, and wherein the method further comprises:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant within the working chamber at or above a melting point of the melt infiltrant to allow the melt infiltrant to infiltrate the component, and wherein the melt infiltrant infiltrates the component at an infiltration rate between 0.13-0.51 cm/minute. 15. An induction heating system, comprising:
a susceptor defining a working chamber for receiving a component and a melt infiltrant; a heating source for inductively imparting thermal energy to the susceptor; a control system, comprising:
one or more sensors;
one or more controllers communicatively coupled with the one or more sensors and the heating source, the one or more controllers configured to:
cause the heating source to heat the susceptor such that the component and the melt infiltrant disposed within the working chamber are heated at a first heating rate, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; and
cause the heating source to heat the susceptor such that the component and the melt infiltrant disposed within the working chamber are heated at a second heating rate, wherein the first heating rate is faster than the second heating rate. 16. The induction heating system of claim 15, wherein the working chamber is between one tenth of a cubic foot and ten cubic feet. 17. The induction heating system of claim 15, wherein the first heating rate is between 100° C./minute and 500° C./minute and the second heating rate is between 20° C./hour and 200° C./hour. 18. A method of melt infiltrating a component utilizing an induction heating system, the method comprising:
heating, via the induction heating system, the component and a melt infiltrant at a first heating rate within a working chamber of the induction heating system until a temperature within the working chamber reaches a first temperature threshold, wherein the first heating rate is faster than 50° C./minute; heating, via the induction heating system, the component and the melt infiltrant at a second heating rate within the working chamber until the temperature within the working chamber reaches a second temperature threshold, wherein the first heating rate is at least five times faster than the second heating rate and the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the component is a CMC preform having pores, and wherein at least 85% or more of the pores have a pore size of less than 0.2 microns. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first temperature threshold is set at a temperature that is less than and within 5-10% of the temperature of a melting point of the melt infiltrant. | 2,800 |
341,270 | 16,801,595 | 2,844 | A plasma processing method is performed by a plasma processing apparatus that includes a process chamber, a conductive first component that is disposed in the process chamber and at least a surface of which is covered with a conductive silicon material, and a second component that is disposed in the process chamber and is at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma. The method includes forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm, and treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm. | 1. A plasma processing method performed by a plasma processing apparatus including
a process chamber, a conductive first component disposed in the process chamber, at least a surface of the first component being covered with a conductive silicon material, and a second component disposed in the process chamber, the second component being at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma, the method comprising: forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm; and treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm. 2. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming of the oxide layer includes applying at least one of a radio-frequency power or a direct-current voltage for ion attraction to the first component. 3. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
carrying a substrate including a metal-containing film into the process chamber; and etching the substrate, wherein the forming of the oxide layer and the treating are performed after the etching. 4. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
carrying the substrate out of the process chamber after the etching and before the forming of the oxide layer. 5. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
removing a metal-containing deposit adhered to the surface of the first component as a result of the etching after the etching and before the forming of the oxide layer. 6. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the treating is performed to remove a metal-containing deposit adhered to the surface of the second component as a result of the etching. 7. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the treating is performed to halogenate and remove a metal contained in a deposit adhered to the surface of the second component. 8. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is at least one of an upper electrode and an edge ring disposed to surround a substrate. 9. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second component is at least one of an insulator disposed around an upper electrode, a deposit shield, a baffle plate, a protective part, and a grounding part. 10. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming of the oxide layer and the treating are repeated a predetermined number of times. 11. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
removing the oxide layer after the treating. 12. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a process chamber; a conductive first component disposed in the process chamber, at least a surface of the first component being covered with a conductive silicon material; a second component disposed in the process chamber, the second component being at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma; and a controller configured to perform a process including
forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm, and
treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm. | A plasma processing method is performed by a plasma processing apparatus that includes a process chamber, a conductive first component that is disposed in the process chamber and at least a surface of which is covered with a conductive silicon material, and a second component that is disposed in the process chamber and is at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma. The method includes forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm, and treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm.1. A plasma processing method performed by a plasma processing apparatus including
a process chamber, a conductive first component disposed in the process chamber, at least a surface of the first component being covered with a conductive silicon material, and a second component disposed in the process chamber, the second component being at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma, the method comprising: forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm; and treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm. 2. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming of the oxide layer includes applying at least one of a radio-frequency power or a direct-current voltage for ion attraction to the first component. 3. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
carrying a substrate including a metal-containing film into the process chamber; and etching the substrate, wherein the forming of the oxide layer and the treating are performed after the etching. 4. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
carrying the substrate out of the process chamber after the etching and before the forming of the oxide layer. 5. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
removing a metal-containing deposit adhered to the surface of the first component as a result of the etching after the etching and before the forming of the oxide layer. 6. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the treating is performed to remove a metal-containing deposit adhered to the surface of the second component as a result of the etching. 7. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the treating is performed to halogenate and remove a metal contained in a deposit adhered to the surface of the second component. 8. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first component is at least one of an upper electrode and an edge ring disposed to surround a substrate. 9. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second component is at least one of an insulator disposed around an upper electrode, a deposit shield, a baffle plate, a protective part, and a grounding part. 10. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming of the oxide layer and the treating are repeated a predetermined number of times. 11. The plasma processing method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
removing the oxide layer after the treating. 12. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a process chamber; a conductive first component disposed in the process chamber, at least a surface of the first component being covered with a conductive silicon material; a second component disposed in the process chamber, the second component being at a ground potential or a floating potential with respect to an electric potential of plasma; and a controller configured to perform a process including
forming an oxide layer on the surface of the first component by converting an oxygen-containing gas into plasm, and
treating a surface of the second component by converting a halogen-containing gas into plasm. | 2,800 |
341,271 | 16,801,582 | 2,844 | A versatile orthopedic device is arranged to convert between ligament and osteoarthritis treatment, and to accommodate a variety of leg anatomies. The orthopedic device is preferably configured as a double-upright brace indicating struts, frame component sections and associated hinges preferably intended to be along both medial and lateral sides of a wearer's leg. A strap kit with an unloading strap system may be added to the orthopedic device for conversion into an orthopedic device for osteoarthritis relief. | 1. A strap kit for securing to a frame of an orthopedic device, the frame having first and second ends opposed to one another, and the frame also having first and second sides opposed to one another, the strap kit comprising:
a first strap having first and second ends, the first strap further having a first hook element located at one of said first and second ends; a first subshell arranged for securing to the first end at the second side of the frame, the first subshell having a first end extending laterally arranged to extend laterally beyond the first side of the frame, the first subshell adapted to flex relative to the frame and mount to an inside surface of the frame, the first subshell defining a keyhole arranged for receiving the first hook element. 2. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell is contoured with corresponding structure of the frame. 3. The strap kit of claim 2, wherein the first subshell defines a plurality of protrusions arranged to correspond in shape and size to a plurality of openings defined by the frame. 4. The strap kit of claim 1, further comprising at least one fastener arranged to extend through an opening defined by the first subshell and couple to the frame. 5. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second ends from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 6. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell defines a slot for receiving a second strap extending from a first side of the frame, the first subshell securable to a second side of the frame. 7. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the keyhole of the first subshell defines a larger portion for receiving the hook element of the first strap, and a smaller portion continuous with the larger portion and for locking the hook element with the first subshell. 8. The strap kit of claim 7, wherein a reinforcing edge is formed about at least the smaller portion to reinforce the first subshell. 9. The strap kit of claim 1, further comprising a second subshell arranged for securing to the second end at a second side of the frame, a second end of the first strap securing to the second subshell. 10. The strap kit of claim 9, further comprising a buckle assembly securable to the second subshell, the buckle assembly having a lateral portion and an angled portion oriented relative to the lateral portion, the second end of the first strap arranged to secure to the angled portion, and a third strap is securable to the second side of the frame and to the lateral portion of the buckle assembly. 11. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the second subshell defines locking elements adapted to interlock with the second side at the second end of the frame. 12. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second subshells from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 13. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the first and second subshells are more flexible than the frame. 14. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell defines an aperture adapted for passage of a fastener for coupling the first subshell to the frame. 15. An orthopedic device, comprising:
a frame including a first frame component defining first and second extensions at first and second sides of the first frame component, and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; a second frame component defining first and second extensions at first and second sides of the second frame component, and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; and a hinge assembly including first and second hinges or joints connecting the first and second frame components by the first and second extensions of the first and second frame components; a first strap having first and second ends, the first strap further having a first hook element located at one of said first and second ends; a first subshell arranged for securing to the first end at the second side of the first frame component, the first subshell having a first end extending laterally arranged to extend laterally beyond the first side of the first frame component, the first subshell adapted to flex relative to the first frame component and mount to an inside surface of the firs frame component, the first subshell defining a keyhole arranged for receiving the first hook element. 16. The orthopedic device of claim 15, further comprising a second subshell arranged for securing to the second end at a first side of the frame, a second end of the first strap securing to the second subshell. 17. The orthopedic device of claim 16, further comprising a buckle assembly securable to the second subshell, the buckle assembly having a lateral portion and an angled portion oriented relative to the lateral portion, the second end of the first strap arranged to secure to the angled portion, and a third strap is securable to the second side of the frame and to the lateral portion of the buckle assembly. 18. The orthopedic device of claim 16, wherein the first and second subshells are contoured with corresponding structure of the frame. 19. The orthopedic device of claim 16, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second subshells from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 20. An orthopedic device, comprising:
a frame including a first frame component defining first and second extensions and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; a second frame component defining first and second extensions and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions, the second frame component defining a flattened region located between the center section and one of the first or second extensions, an opposing side of the center section of the second frame component is devoid of the flattened region, the center section having a uniform height and corners defined between the center section and the first and second extensions are symmetrical; a hinge assembly including first and second hinges or joints connecting the first and second frame components by the first and second extensions of the first and second frame components; a tibial pad having a same height as the center section and arranged to extend along an inner surface of the second frame component, the tibial pad having a first surface forming a substantially flat profile bounded by first and second ends, the substantially flat profile adapted to a contour of a tibia of a user, the tibial pad having a second surface opposite the first surface generally corresponding to an inner contour of the center section of the second frame component; a liner arranged along the tibial pad and a remainder of the second frame component outside of the tibial pad, the liner being pliable and conforming to a shape of the second frame component and the tibial pad. | A versatile orthopedic device is arranged to convert between ligament and osteoarthritis treatment, and to accommodate a variety of leg anatomies. The orthopedic device is preferably configured as a double-upright brace indicating struts, frame component sections and associated hinges preferably intended to be along both medial and lateral sides of a wearer's leg. A strap kit with an unloading strap system may be added to the orthopedic device for conversion into an orthopedic device for osteoarthritis relief.1. A strap kit for securing to a frame of an orthopedic device, the frame having first and second ends opposed to one another, and the frame also having first and second sides opposed to one another, the strap kit comprising:
a first strap having first and second ends, the first strap further having a first hook element located at one of said first and second ends; a first subshell arranged for securing to the first end at the second side of the frame, the first subshell having a first end extending laterally arranged to extend laterally beyond the first side of the frame, the first subshell adapted to flex relative to the frame and mount to an inside surface of the frame, the first subshell defining a keyhole arranged for receiving the first hook element. 2. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell is contoured with corresponding structure of the frame. 3. The strap kit of claim 2, wherein the first subshell defines a plurality of protrusions arranged to correspond in shape and size to a plurality of openings defined by the frame. 4. The strap kit of claim 1, further comprising at least one fastener arranged to extend through an opening defined by the first subshell and couple to the frame. 5. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second ends from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 6. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell defines a slot for receiving a second strap extending from a first side of the frame, the first subshell securable to a second side of the frame. 7. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the keyhole of the first subshell defines a larger portion for receiving the hook element of the first strap, and a smaller portion continuous with the larger portion and for locking the hook element with the first subshell. 8. The strap kit of claim 7, wherein a reinforcing edge is formed about at least the smaller portion to reinforce the first subshell. 9. The strap kit of claim 1, further comprising a second subshell arranged for securing to the second end at a second side of the frame, a second end of the first strap securing to the second subshell. 10. The strap kit of claim 9, further comprising a buckle assembly securable to the second subshell, the buckle assembly having a lateral portion and an angled portion oriented relative to the lateral portion, the second end of the first strap arranged to secure to the angled portion, and a third strap is securable to the second side of the frame and to the lateral portion of the buckle assembly. 11. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the second subshell defines locking elements adapted to interlock with the second side at the second end of the frame. 12. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second subshells from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 13. The strap kit of claim 9, wherein the first and second subshells are more flexible than the frame. 14. The strap kit of claim 1, wherein the first subshell defines an aperture adapted for passage of a fastener for coupling the first subshell to the frame. 15. An orthopedic device, comprising:
a frame including a first frame component defining first and second extensions at first and second sides of the first frame component, and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; a second frame component defining first and second extensions at first and second sides of the second frame component, and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; and a hinge assembly including first and second hinges or joints connecting the first and second frame components by the first and second extensions of the first and second frame components; a first strap having first and second ends, the first strap further having a first hook element located at one of said first and second ends; a first subshell arranged for securing to the first end at the second side of the first frame component, the first subshell having a first end extending laterally arranged to extend laterally beyond the first side of the first frame component, the first subshell adapted to flex relative to the first frame component and mount to an inside surface of the firs frame component, the first subshell defining a keyhole arranged for receiving the first hook element. 16. The orthopedic device of claim 15, further comprising a second subshell arranged for securing to the second end at a first side of the frame, a second end of the first strap securing to the second subshell. 17. The orthopedic device of claim 16, further comprising a buckle assembly securable to the second subshell, the buckle assembly having a lateral portion and an angled portion oriented relative to the lateral portion, the second end of the first strap arranged to secure to the angled portion, and a third strap is securable to the second side of the frame and to the lateral portion of the buckle assembly. 18. The orthopedic device of claim 16, wherein the first and second subshells are contoured with corresponding structure of the frame. 19. The orthopedic device of claim 16, wherein the first strap is arranged to spiral between the first and second subshells from the first end of the frame to the second end of the frame between the first and second sides of the frame. 20. An orthopedic device, comprising:
a frame including a first frame component defining first and second extensions and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions; a second frame component defining first and second extensions and a center section spanning between the first and second extensions, the second frame component defining a flattened region located between the center section and one of the first or second extensions, an opposing side of the center section of the second frame component is devoid of the flattened region, the center section having a uniform height and corners defined between the center section and the first and second extensions are symmetrical; a hinge assembly including first and second hinges or joints connecting the first and second frame components by the first and second extensions of the first and second frame components; a tibial pad having a same height as the center section and arranged to extend along an inner surface of the second frame component, the tibial pad having a first surface forming a substantially flat profile bounded by first and second ends, the substantially flat profile adapted to a contour of a tibia of a user, the tibial pad having a second surface opposite the first surface generally corresponding to an inner contour of the center section of the second frame component; a liner arranged along the tibial pad and a remainder of the second frame component outside of the tibial pad, the liner being pliable and conforming to a shape of the second frame component and the tibial pad. | 2,800 |
341,272 | 16,801,563 | 2,844 | An apparatus comprising means for, a method comprising, and a computer program that performs: obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. | 1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein for different users within a same environment, the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is different. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: selecting the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, from amongst one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within an environment. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the selection of the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on one or more of: a record of previous audible distractions; a record of interests of the user; or the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the record of previous audible distractions comprises a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have successfully distracted the user and a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have been unsuccessful at distracting the user. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the record of interests of the user comprises interests specified by the user and/or interests learnt based on content rendered at the device during one or more previous user-device interactions. 7. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: causing analysis of the environment to determine the one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within the environment. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on a location of an external, real-world object. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the audible distraction comprises different audio content when rendered as a sound source at different locations which are external to the device. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein audio content of the audible distraction comprises audio content having a preexisting association with the location at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein user-device interaction parameters comprise one or more of: data indicative of actuation of the device; data indicative of an environment in which the device is located; or data indicative of biometric parameters of the user. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein analyzing the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters comprises determining whether the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters are within at least one subspace of a defined parameter space, spanned by the user-device interaction parameters, wherein the at least one subspace is associated with causing rendering of the audible distraction,
wherein the first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters describe a point in the parameter space which is within the at least one subspace, and
wherein the second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters describe a point in the parameter space which is not within the at least one subspace. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein definition of the at least one subspace is based on one or more goals for the user in respect of user-device interaction. 14. A method comprising:
obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein for different users within a same environment, the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is different. 16. The method of claim 14 further comprising selecting the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, from amongst one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within an environment. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the selection of the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on one or more of: a record of previous audible distractions; a record of interests of the user; or the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the record of previous audible distractions comprises a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have successfully distracted the user and a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have been unsuccessful at distracting the user. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the record of interests of the user comprises interests specified by the user and/or interests learnt based on content rendered at the device during one or more previous user-device interactions. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following:
obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the one or more obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. | An apparatus comprising means for, a method comprising, and a computer program that performs: obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources.1. An apparatus comprising at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein for different users within a same environment, the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is different. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: selecting the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, from amongst one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within an environment. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the selection of the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on one or more of: a record of previous audible distractions; a record of interests of the user; or the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the record of previous audible distractions comprises a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have successfully distracted the user and a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have been unsuccessful at distracting the user. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the record of interests of the user comprises interests specified by the user and/or interests learnt based on content rendered at the device during one or more previous user-device interactions. 7. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: causing analysis of the environment to determine the one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within the environment. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on a location of an external, real-world object. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the audible distraction comprises different audio content when rendered as a sound source at different locations which are external to the device. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein audio content of the audible distraction comprises audio content having a preexisting association with the location at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein user-device interaction parameters comprise one or more of: data indicative of actuation of the device; data indicative of an environment in which the device is located; or data indicative of biometric parameters of the user. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein analyzing the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters comprises determining whether the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters are within at least one subspace of a defined parameter space, spanned by the user-device interaction parameters, wherein the at least one subspace is associated with causing rendering of the audible distraction,
wherein the first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters describe a point in the parameter space which is within the at least one subspace, and
wherein the second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters describe a point in the parameter space which is not within the at least one subspace. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein definition of the at least one subspace is based on one or more goals for the user in respect of user-device interaction. 14. A method comprising:
obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the obtained one or more values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein for different users within a same environment, the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is different. 16. The method of claim 14 further comprising selecting the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, from amongst one or more putative locations which are external to the device and which are within an environment. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the selection of the location, at which the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source, is based on one or more of: a record of previous audible distractions; a record of interests of the user; or the obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the record of previous audible distractions comprises a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have successfully distracted the user and a record of locations at which previous audible distractions have been rendered as sound sources which have been unsuccessful at distracting the user. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the record of interests of the user comprises interests specified by the user and/or interests learnt based on content rendered at the device during one or more previous user-device interactions. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following:
obtaining one or more values of user-device interaction parameters that parameterize user-device interaction; analyzing the one or more obtained values of the user-device interaction parameters to determine whether to cause rendering of an audible distraction; wherein for a first one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is caused to be rendered as a sound source at a location which is external the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources, and wherein for a second, different one or more values of user-device interaction parameters, the audible distraction is not caused to be rendered as a sound source at the location which is external to the device and which is not currently associated with rendering of sound sources. | 2,800 |
341,273 | 16,801,578 | 2,844 | The present invention relates to a stereolithography device (100) comprising a light source (101) for emitting light to cure a light-curing material (121); a sensor (103) for determining an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and a control unit (105) for adapting the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value. | 1. Stereolithography device (100), comprising:
a light source (101) for emitting light to cure a light-curing material (121); a sensor (103) for determining an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and a control unit (105) for adapting the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value. 2. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) is configured to deflect the light from the light source (101) to the sensor (103) via a digital mirror device (113) which is used for projecting a light pattern (123) onto the light-curing material (121). 3. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the digital mirror device (113) is arranged adjacent to a prism surface. 4. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) is designed to project a specified light pattern onto the sensor (103) by means of the digital mirror device (113). 5. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) comprises a mirror surface (109) for deflecting the light onto the sensor (103). 6. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 5,
wherein the mirror surface (109) is arranged adjacent to a prism diaphragm (117). 7. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the sensor (103) is designed specifically to detect the light spectrum used in the stereolithography device. 8. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the sensor (103) is formed by a photodiode. 9. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control unit (105) comprises a controller (119) for controlling the current through the light source (101). 10. Method for adjusting a stereolithography device (100), comprising the steps of:
emitting (S101) light to cure a light-curing material (121) by a light source (101); determining (S102) an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and adapting (S103) the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value. 11. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is deflected from the light source (101) to a sensor (103) by a digital mirror device (113) which is used for projecting a light pattern (123) onto the light-curing material (121). 12. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein a specified light pattern is projected onto a sensor (103) by a digital mirror device (113). 13. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is deflected onto a sensor (103) via a mirror surface (109). 14. Method as claimed in 10,
wherein the current is controlled to the desired value by a controller (119). 15. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is guided through a prism diaphragm (117). | The present invention relates to a stereolithography device (100) comprising a light source (101) for emitting light to cure a light-curing material (121); a sensor (103) for determining an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and a control unit (105) for adapting the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value.1. Stereolithography device (100), comprising:
a light source (101) for emitting light to cure a light-curing material (121); a sensor (103) for determining an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and a control unit (105) for adapting the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value. 2. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) is configured to deflect the light from the light source (101) to the sensor (103) via a digital mirror device (113) which is used for projecting a light pattern (123) onto the light-curing material (121). 3. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the digital mirror device (113) is arranged adjacent to a prism surface. 4. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) is designed to project a specified light pattern onto the sensor (103) by means of the digital mirror device (113). 5. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the stereolithography device (100) comprises a mirror surface (109) for deflecting the light onto the sensor (103). 6. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 5,
wherein the mirror surface (109) is arranged adjacent to a prism diaphragm (117). 7. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the sensor (103) is designed specifically to detect the light spectrum used in the stereolithography device. 8. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the sensor (103) is formed by a photodiode. 9. Stereolithography device (100) as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the control unit (105) comprises a controller (119) for controlling the current through the light source (101). 10. Method for adjusting a stereolithography device (100), comprising the steps of:
emitting (S101) light to cure a light-curing material (121) by a light source (101); determining (S102) an actual value of the light intensity of the emitted light; and adapting (S103) the electric current through the light source (101) until the actual value of the light intensity reaches a specified desired value. 11. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is deflected from the light source (101) to a sensor (103) by a digital mirror device (113) which is used for projecting a light pattern (123) onto the light-curing material (121). 12. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein a specified light pattern is projected onto a sensor (103) by a digital mirror device (113). 13. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is deflected onto a sensor (103) via a mirror surface (109). 14. Method as claimed in 10,
wherein the current is controlled to the desired value by a controller (119). 15. Method as claimed in claim 10,
wherein the light is guided through a prism diaphragm (117). | 2,800 |
341,274 | 16,801,583 | 2,844 | A deposition processing method includes a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition, and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits transited from the preceding step, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized. | 1. A deposition processing method comprising:
a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition; and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits transited from the preceding step, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized. 2. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the preceding step is performed based on a second processing condition, and wherein the second processing condition differs from the first processing condition. 3. The deposition processing method according to claim 2,
wherein plasma is not generated in the preceding step. 4. The deposition processing method according to claim 2,
wherein, in the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate using an n-th plasma generated based on an n-th processing condition (n≥3) different from the first processing condition, wherein, in a case where the step of depositing using the first plasma transits to a step of depositing using the n-th plasma, the step of depositing using the first plasma is controlled to be the processing condition in which the deposits are not deposited onto the substrate less than that in the n-th processing condition until a state of the n-th plasma is stabilized. 5. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein a value indicative of the processing condition of an n-th plasma (n=1 or n≥3) is controlled so that the deposits are not deposited on the substrate more than that in an n-th processing condition corresponding to the n-th plasma until the value is within a predetermined normal range. 6. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas for removing a precursor having a deposition property. 7. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas of reducing a ratio of a precursor having a deposition property lower than that in a gas used in an n-th processing condition and/or a gas of increasing a ratio of a precursor having a reactive property higher than that in a gas used in the first processing condition. 8. A deposition processing method comprising:
a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition; and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits to stop a state of the first plasma, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until the state of the first plasma is stopped from a time earlier than a time of stopping the state of the first plasma by a predetermined time period. 9. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein a value indicative of the processing condition of an n-th plasma (n=1 or n≥3) is controlled so that the deposits are not deposited on the substrate more than that in an n-th processing condition corresponding to the n-th plasma until the value is within a predetermined normal range. 10. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein the processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas for removing a precursor having a deposition property. 11. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein the condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas of reducing a ratio of a precursor having a deposition property lower than that in a gas used in an n-th processing condition and/or a gas of increasing a ratio of a precursor having a reactive property higher than that in a gas used in the first processing condition. 12. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber; and a control unit, the control unit
providing a substrate in the chamber,
depositing deposits onto the substrate using a first plasma generated based on a first processing condition, and
controlling, within the depositing the deposits transited from a preceding step performed before the depositing, a processing condition so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized. 13. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber; and a control unit, the control unit
providing a substrate in the chamber, and
depositing onto the substrate using a first plasma generated based on a first processing condition, and
controlling, within the depositing the deposits transited from a preceding step performed before the depositing, a processing condition so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until the state of the first plasma is stopped from a time earlier than a time of stopping the state of the first plasma by a predetermined time period. | A deposition processing method includes a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition, and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits transited from the preceding step, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized.1. A deposition processing method comprising:
a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition; and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits transited from the preceding step, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized. 2. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the preceding step is performed based on a second processing condition, and wherein the second processing condition differs from the first processing condition. 3. The deposition processing method according to claim 2,
wherein plasma is not generated in the preceding step. 4. The deposition processing method according to claim 2,
wherein, in the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate using an n-th plasma generated based on an n-th processing condition (n≥3) different from the first processing condition, wherein, in a case where the step of depositing using the first plasma transits to a step of depositing using the n-th plasma, the step of depositing using the first plasma is controlled to be the processing condition in which the deposits are not deposited onto the substrate less than that in the n-th processing condition until a state of the n-th plasma is stabilized. 5. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein a value indicative of the processing condition of an n-th plasma (n=1 or n≥3) is controlled so that the deposits are not deposited on the substrate more than that in an n-th processing condition corresponding to the n-th plasma until the value is within a predetermined normal range. 6. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas for removing a precursor having a deposition property. 7. The deposition processing method according to claim 1,
wherein the condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas of reducing a ratio of a precursor having a deposition property lower than that in a gas used in an n-th processing condition and/or a gas of increasing a ratio of a precursor having a reactive property higher than that in a gas used in the first processing condition. 8. A deposition processing method comprising:
a step of depositing deposits onto a substrate using a first plasma generated in a processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, which is basically a first processing condition; and a preceding step performed before the step of depositing the deposits onto the substrate, wherein, within the step of depositing the deposits to stop a state of the first plasma, the processing condition is controlled so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until the state of the first plasma is stopped from a time earlier than a time of stopping the state of the first plasma by a predetermined time period. 9. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein a value indicative of the processing condition of an n-th plasma (n=1 or n≥3) is controlled so that the deposits are not deposited on the substrate more than that in an n-th processing condition corresponding to the n-th plasma until the value is within a predetermined normal range. 10. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein the processing condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas for removing a precursor having a deposition property. 11. The deposition processing method according to claim 8,
wherein the condition of depositing the deposits onto the substrate less than the deposits in an n-th processing condition (n=1 or n≥3) is to use a gas of reducing a ratio of a precursor having a deposition property lower than that in a gas used in an n-th processing condition and/or a gas of increasing a ratio of a precursor having a reactive property higher than that in a gas used in the first processing condition. 12. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber; and a control unit, the control unit
providing a substrate in the chamber,
depositing deposits onto the substrate using a first plasma generated based on a first processing condition, and
controlling, within the depositing the deposits transited from a preceding step performed before the depositing, a processing condition so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until a state of the first plasma is stabilized. 13. A plasma processing apparatus comprising:
a chamber; and a control unit, the control unit
providing a substrate in the chamber, and
depositing onto the substrate using a first plasma generated based on a first processing condition, and
controlling, within the depositing the deposits transited from a preceding step performed before the depositing, a processing condition so as to deposit less deposits than that in the first processing condition until the state of the first plasma is stopped from a time earlier than a time of stopping the state of the first plasma by a predetermined time period. | 2,800 |
341,275 | 16,801,600 | 2,844 | Disclosed are various embodiments for providing content via multiple display devices. First content is transmitted to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device. A current state of the first content rendered on the first display device is determined. A directive is sent to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device. The second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. | 1. A method, comprising:
transmitting, by at least one first computing device, first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device; determining, by the at least one first computing device, a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and sending, by the at least one first computing device, a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, by the at least one first computing device, an updated version of the second content to the third computing device in response to an expiration of a predefined time period. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content is cached by the third computing device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a request from the second computing device to render third content; ceasing, by the at least one first computing device, transmitting of the first content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; transmitting, by the at least one first computing device, the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and sending, by the at least one first computing device, a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising causing, by the at least one first computing device, the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a selection of the third computing device from the second computing device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the third computing device is a mobile computing device. 9. A system, comprising:
at least one first computing device; and instructions executable in the at least one computing device, wherein when executed the instructions cause the at least one first computing device to at least:
transmit first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device;
determine a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and
send a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least transmit the second content to the third computing device. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least:
receive a request from the second computing device to render third content; transmit the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and send a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least cause the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least receive a selection of the third computing device from the second computing device. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least receive a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one first computing device, wherein when executed the program causes the at least one first computing device to at least:
transmit first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device; determine a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and send a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third computing device is a mobile computing device. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least transmit the second content to the third computing device. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least:
receive a request from the second computing device to render third content; transmit the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and send a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least cause the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least receive a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. | Disclosed are various embodiments for providing content via multiple display devices. First content is transmitted to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device. A current state of the first content rendered on the first display device is determined. A directive is sent to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device. The second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content.1. A method, comprising:
transmitting, by at least one first computing device, first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device; determining, by the at least one first computing device, a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and sending, by the at least one first computing device, a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, by the at least one first computing device, an updated version of the second content to the third computing device in response to an expiration of a predefined time period. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second content is cached by the third computing device. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a request from the second computing device to render third content; ceasing, by the at least one first computing device, transmitting of the first content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; transmitting, by the at least one first computing device, the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and sending, by the at least one first computing device, a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising causing, by the at least one first computing device, the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a selection of the third computing device from the second computing device. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the at least one first computing device, a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the third computing device is a mobile computing device. 9. A system, comprising:
at least one first computing device; and instructions executable in the at least one computing device, wherein when executed the instructions cause the at least one first computing device to at least:
transmit first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device;
determine a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and
send a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least transmit the second content to the third computing device. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least:
receive a request from the second computing device to render third content; transmit the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and send a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least cause the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least receive a selection of the third computing device from the second computing device. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein when executed the instructions further cause the at least one first computing device to at least receive a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying a program executable in at least one first computing device, wherein when executed the program causes the at least one first computing device to at least:
transmit first content to a second computing device for rendering on a first display device; determine a current state of the first content rendered on the first display device; and send a directive to a third computing device to render second content that is synchronized to be relevant to the current state of the first content on a second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the second content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the first content. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the third computing device is a mobile computing device. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least transmit the second content to the third computing device. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least:
receive a request from the second computing device to render third content; transmit the third content to the second computing device for rendering on the first display device; and send a subsequent directive to the third computing device to render fourth content that is synchronized to be relevant to a current state of the third content on the second display device corresponding to the third computing device, wherein the fourth content comprises a list of cast members currently on screen in the third content. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least cause the second computing device to render a user interface including a list of a plurality of third computing devices, wherein the user interface facilitates a selection of the third computing device from among the plurality of third computing devices. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein when executed the program further causes the at least one first computing device to at least receive a specification of a type of supplemental content from the second computing device, wherein the directive to render the second content is of the type specified. | 2,800 |
341,276 | 16,801,599 | 2,844 | A method and device may be used for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system. The method may include selecting a make and a model of a motor vehicle. The method may include transmitting one or more activation signals. The one or more activation signals may be transmitted in sequential order according to a scanning protocol. The scanning protocol may be based on a predefined parameter. Each of the one or more activation signals may be associated with a different communication protocol. The method may include stopping the transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from a sensor is received. | 1. A method for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the method comprising:
performing a scan based on a make and a model of a motor vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the scan comprises:
transmitting one or more activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
stopping transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
processing the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a communication protocol from a database. 10. A method for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the method comprising:
selecting a make and a model of a motor vehicle; transmitting one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol; and stopping the transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
processing the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
selecting a communication protocol from a database. 16. A sensor activation device for a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the sensor activation device comprising:
at least one sensor activation module; a receiving module configured to receive signals from a plurality of sensors; and an electronic device configured to perform a scan based on a make and a model of a motor vehicle. 17. The sensor activation device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is configured to:
transmit one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter. 18. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol. 19. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 20. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 21. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
stop transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 22. The sensor activation device of claim 21, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 23. The sensor activation device of claim 21, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
process the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 24. The sensor activation device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
select a communication protocol from a database. 25. A sensor activation device for a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the sensor activation device comprising:
at least one sensor activation module; a receiving module configured to receive signals from a plurality of sensors; an electronic unit configured to:
select a make and model of a motor vehicle;
transmit one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol; and
store information conveyed by the signals from the plurality of sensors; and
a memory configured to store a database relating to communication protocols of the plurality of sensors. 26. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 27. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 28. The sensor activation device of claim 9, wherein each of the communication protocols comprises a degree of priority predefined in a database, wherein the degree of priority is based on the make and the model of the motor vehicle. 29. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the electronic unit is further configured to process the information conveyed by the signals from the plurality of sensors. | A method and device may be used for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system. The method may include selecting a make and a model of a motor vehicle. The method may include transmitting one or more activation signals. The one or more activation signals may be transmitted in sequential order according to a scanning protocol. The scanning protocol may be based on a predefined parameter. Each of the one or more activation signals may be associated with a different communication protocol. The method may include stopping the transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from a sensor is received.1. A method for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the method comprising:
performing a scan based on a make and a model of a motor vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the scan comprises:
transmitting one or more activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 6. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
stopping transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
processing the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a communication protocol from a database. 10. A method for scanning communication protocols for a sensor of a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the method comprising:
selecting a make and a model of a motor vehicle; transmitting one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol; and stopping the transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
processing the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
selecting a communication protocol from a database. 16. A sensor activation device for a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the sensor activation device comprising:
at least one sensor activation module; a receiving module configured to receive signals from a plurality of sensors; and an electronic device configured to perform a scan based on a make and a model of a motor vehicle. 17. The sensor activation device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is configured to:
transmit one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter. 18. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol. 19. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 20. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 21. The sensor activation device of claim 17, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
stop transmission of the one or more activation signals on a condition that a signal from the sensor is received. 22. The sensor activation device of claim 21, wherein the signal received from the sensor is associated with a communication protocol for enabling reception of the signal, wherein the method further comprises storing the communication protocol. 23. The sensor activation device of claim 21, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
process the signal received from the sensor according to different communication protocols. 24. The sensor activation device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is further configured to:
select a communication protocol from a database. 25. A sensor activation device for a motor vehicle electronic tire pressure monitoring system, the sensor activation device comprising:
at least one sensor activation module; a receiving module configured to receive signals from a plurality of sensors; an electronic unit configured to:
select a make and model of a motor vehicle;
transmit one or more sensor activation signals in a sequential order according to a scanning protocol based on a predefined parameter, wherein each of the one or more activation signals is associated with a different communication protocol; and
store information conveyed by the signals from the plurality of sensors; and
a memory configured to store a database relating to communication protocols of the plurality of sensors. 26. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the predefined parameter includes one or more of a sensor transmission delay between two successive response signals from the sensor, a number of sensor types activated by a specific activation signal, a sensor response time, or a frequency of occurrence of a sensor type. 27. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the predefined parameter is selected by a user or predetermined. 28. The sensor activation device of claim 9, wherein each of the communication protocols comprises a degree of priority predefined in a database, wherein the degree of priority is based on the make and the model of the motor vehicle. 29. The sensor activation device of claim 25, wherein the electronic unit is further configured to process the information conveyed by the signals from the plurality of sensors. | 2,800 |
341,277 | 16,801,609 | 2,844 | The mask for surface snorkeling comprises a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to the face of the user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) being shaped to contain the eyes of the user and a lower breathing chamber (9) being shaped to contain the nose and mouth of the user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to the lower chamber (9), a ventilation circuit of the upper chamber (8) independent and separated from the breathing circuit (5) also being provided. | 1. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), a ventilation circuit (10) of said upper chamber (8), said breathing circuit (5) comprising a first connecting conduit (11) connecting said lower chamber (9) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said ventilation circuit comprising a second connecting conduit (12) connecting said upper chamber (8) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said first and said second conduits (11, 12) being equipped with floating shutter means (13 a, 13 b), where said ventilation circuit (6) of said upper chamber (8) is independent and separated from said breathing circuit (5) so that during surface swimming, as the floating shutter means (13 a, 13 b) remains open, the first conduit (11) maintains the lower chamber (9) in direct communication with the external atmospheric environment to allow breathing that takes place through the first conduit (11) both for breathing in and for breathing out and said second conduit (12) maintains in direct communication the upper chamber (8) with the external atmospheric environment to prevent fogging of the visor (3). 2. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), wherein:
said breathing circuit (5) comprises a connecting conduit (11) connecting said lower chamber (9) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said conduit (11) comprises a proximal part (11 a) which opens in said lower chamber (9) and a distal part (11 b), said proximal part (11 a) comprising, at least in part, walls of said visor (3) and said face mask (4). 3. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), wherein:
the mask (1) comprises a ventilation circuit of said upper chamber (8) independent and separated from said breathing circuit (5); said visor (3) has a front wall (18) and a lateral wall (19) which extends perimetrally at a rear of said front wall (18); said face mask (4) has a perimetral lip (26) housed within a groove (25) of the lateral wall (19); said perimetral lip (26) has a perimetral groove (28) to house said frame (2); said frame (2) comprises a clamping profile (2 a) housed in said perimetral groove (28) of said perimetral lip (26); and said clamping profile (2 a) comprises a connection fitting (2 b) between said proximal part (11 a, 12 a) and said distal part (11 b, 12 b) of said first and said second conduits (11, 12). | The mask for surface snorkeling comprises a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to the face of the user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) being shaped to contain the eyes of the user and a lower breathing chamber (9) being shaped to contain the nose and mouth of the user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to the lower chamber (9), a ventilation circuit of the upper chamber (8) independent and separated from the breathing circuit (5) also being provided.1. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), a ventilation circuit (10) of said upper chamber (8), said breathing circuit (5) comprising a first connecting conduit (11) connecting said lower chamber (9) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said ventilation circuit comprising a second connecting conduit (12) connecting said upper chamber (8) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said first and said second conduits (11, 12) being equipped with floating shutter means (13 a, 13 b), where said ventilation circuit (6) of said upper chamber (8) is independent and separated from said breathing circuit (5) so that during surface swimming, as the floating shutter means (13 a, 13 b) remains open, the first conduit (11) maintains the lower chamber (9) in direct communication with the external atmospheric environment to allow breathing that takes place through the first conduit (11) both for breathing in and for breathing out and said second conduit (12) maintains in direct communication the upper chamber (8) with the external atmospheric environment to prevent fogging of the visor (3). 2. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), wherein:
said breathing circuit (5) comprises a connecting conduit (11) connecting said lower chamber (9) to the atmospheric environment external to the mask (1), said conduit (11) comprises a proximal part (11 a) which opens in said lower chamber (9) and a distal part (11 b), said proximal part (11 a) comprising, at least in part, walls of said visor (3) and said face mask (4). 3. A mask (1) for surface snorkeling comprising a rigid frame (2), a transparent visor (3), a soft face mask (4) applicable in an airtight way to a face of a user and having a membrane (7) which delimits an upper viewing chamber (8) shaped to contain eyes of a user and a lower breathing chamber (9) shaped to contain a nose and mouth of a user, and a breathing circuit (5) connected to said lower chamber (9), wherein:
the mask (1) comprises a ventilation circuit of said upper chamber (8) independent and separated from said breathing circuit (5); said visor (3) has a front wall (18) and a lateral wall (19) which extends perimetrally at a rear of said front wall (18); said face mask (4) has a perimetral lip (26) housed within a groove (25) of the lateral wall (19); said perimetral lip (26) has a perimetral groove (28) to house said frame (2); said frame (2) comprises a clamping profile (2 a) housed in said perimetral groove (28) of said perimetral lip (26); and said clamping profile (2 a) comprises a connection fitting (2 b) between said proximal part (11 a, 12 a) and said distal part (11 b, 12 b) of said first and said second conduits (11, 12). | 2,800 |
341,278 | 16,801,613 | 2,844 | Disclosed are methods of forming a pattern and methods of fabricating a semiconductor device. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device may include providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate and coating a compound on the resist layer to form a charge dissipation layer. The charge dissipation layer may include a conductive polymer and a metal complex. | 1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; and coating a compound on the resist layer to form a charge dissipation layer, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprises a conductive polymer and a metal complex. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal complex includes a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal complex comprises at least one of Mo, Sn, or Ti. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an exposure process and a developing process on the charge dissipation layer to pattern the resist layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the exposure process is performed using ultraviolet light, electron beam, or extreme ultraviolet, and at a temperature ranging from 90° C. to 250° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprise a hetero element. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one of a poly aniline or a derivative thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a chemical bond or an intermolecular attractive force is provided between the conductive polymer and the metal complex. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound further comprises an acidic pH regulator or a basic pH regulator. 10. A method of forming a pattern, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; and forming a charge dissipation layer on the resist layer, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprise a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprises a conductive polymer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one selected from a polyacetylene or a derivative thereof, a poly paraphenylene or a derivative thereof, a poly paraphenylene vinylene or a derivative thereof, a polythiophene or a derivative thereof, a polypyrrole or a derivative thereof, a poly ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) or a derivative thereof, a poly(2,5-dialkoxy) paraphenylene vinylene or a derivative thereof, a poly(3-alkylthiophene) or a derivative thereof, a polyfluorene or a derivative thereof, or a polyaniline or a derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein L1 and L2 each independently comprise a halogen element. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the charge dissipation layer further comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and/or ammonium salt. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the material of Chemical Formula 1 includes at least one of SnCl4 or MoCl5. 16. A method of forming a pattern, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; coating a composition on the resist layer to form an upper layer; and performing an exposure process on the upper layer, wherein the composition comprises: a polymer including a hetero element; and a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the polymer comprises a conductive polymer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the hetero element comprises N, S, or O. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the composition has a pH value that is less than 3 or is greater than 11. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a lower layer on the substrate, the resist layer being formed on the lower layer; after the exposure process, removing a portion of the resist layer to form a resist pattern; and etching the lower layer exposed by the resist pattern. | Disclosed are methods of forming a pattern and methods of fabricating a semiconductor device. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device may include providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate and coating a compound on the resist layer to form a charge dissipation layer. The charge dissipation layer may include a conductive polymer and a metal complex.1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; and coating a compound on the resist layer to form a charge dissipation layer, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprises a conductive polymer and a metal complex. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal complex includes a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal complex comprises at least one of Mo, Sn, or Ti. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an exposure process and a developing process on the charge dissipation layer to pattern the resist layer. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the exposure process is performed using ultraviolet light, electron beam, or extreme ultraviolet, and at a temperature ranging from 90° C. to 250° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprise a hetero element. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one of a poly aniline or a derivative thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a chemical bond or an intermolecular attractive force is provided between the conductive polymer and the metal complex. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound further comprises an acidic pH regulator or a basic pH regulator. 10. A method of forming a pattern, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; and forming a charge dissipation layer on the resist layer, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprise a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the charge dissipation layer comprises a conductive polymer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one selected from a polyacetylene or a derivative thereof, a poly paraphenylene or a derivative thereof, a poly paraphenylene vinylene or a derivative thereof, a polythiophene or a derivative thereof, a polypyrrole or a derivative thereof, a poly ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) or a derivative thereof, a poly(2,5-dialkoxy) paraphenylene vinylene or a derivative thereof, a poly(3-alkylthiophene) or a derivative thereof, a polyfluorene or a derivative thereof, or a polyaniline or a derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein L1 and L2 each independently comprise a halogen element. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the charge dissipation layer further comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, ammonia, and/or ammonium salt. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the material of Chemical Formula 1 includes at least one of SnCl4 or MoCl5. 16. A method of forming a pattern, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a resist layer on the substrate; coating a composition on the resist layer to form an upper layer; and performing an exposure process on the upper layer, wherein the composition comprises: a polymer including a hetero element; and a material of Chemical Formula 1:
M(L1)n(L2)m, [Chemical Formula 1]
wherein: M is a transition metal; L1 and L2 are each independently a halogen element, —OR, OH, —SR, SH, —NH2, NR2, or —NRH, and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; n and m are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; and a sum of n and m is an integer between 2 and 10. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the polymer comprises a conductive polymer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the hetero element comprises N, S, or O. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the composition has a pH value that is less than 3 or is greater than 11. 20. (canceled) 21. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a lower layer on the substrate, the resist layer being formed on the lower layer; after the exposure process, removing a portion of the resist layer to form a resist pattern; and etching the lower layer exposed by the resist pattern. | 2,800 |
341,279 | 16,801,589 | 2,844 | A stator member may include a columnar stator core, a linear coil, and an insulating insulator. The linear coil may be wound around the stator core. The insulator may be disposed between the stator core and the coil. Furthermore, the insulator may include a central member and an outer member. The central member may cover the stator core. The outer member may be connected to an outside of the central member in an axial direction of the stator core. The outer member may include a surface extending in a thickness direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction from the surface. A connection terminal of a busbar member may be inserted into the groove. | 1. A stator comprising:
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction; an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface. 2. The stator according to claim 1, wherein
the outer member further comprises a first wall forming a wall of the groove on an outer side of the stator, and a second wall forming a wall of the groove on an inner side of the stator. 3. The stator according to claim 2, wherein the first wall is lower in height than the second wall. 4. The stator according to claim 3, wherein the second wall comprises a first recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein an end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the first recess. 5. The stator according to claim 4, wherein the first wall comprises a second recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein the end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the second recess after the first recess. 6. The stator according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the first recess and the shape of the second recess comprise different shapes. 7. The stator according to claim 6, wherein a depth of the first recess is larger than the depth of the second recess. 8. The stator according to claim 7, wherein a depth of the groove is larger than the first recess. 9. A transducer for converting between electrical energy and mechanical energy, comprising:
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction; an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface; a rotor member disposed in a central opening of a stator assembly, and having an axis orthogonal to an opening surface; and a busbar connected to the coil of the stator assembly, wherein the busbar comprises a base portion in an annular shape, and a connection terminal in a plate shape connected to the base portion and connected to the coil, and wherein connection terminal is configured to be fitted into the groove together with an end of the coil. 10. The transducer according to claim 9, wherein the connection terminal includes
a main part in a plate shape, and a tongue portion extending from an end in a width direction of the main part and configured to be compressed with the end of the coil together with the main part. 11. A stator assembly, comprising
a first stator and a second stator adjacent to each other in an annular shape, and each of the first stator and the second stator comprising:
a stator core having a shape extending along an axial direction, and having a side surface extending in the axial direction;
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction;
an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface, wherein the groove is formed by an opening on a first side surface and a second side surface of the outer member, the opening of the groove on the first side surface of the first stator, and an opening of the groove on the second side surface of the second stator are opposed to each other. 12. The stator assembly according to claim 11, wherein
the outer member further comprises a first wall forming a wall of the groove on an outer side of the first stator and the second stator, and a second wall forming a wall of the groove on an inner side of each of the first stator and the second stator. 13. The stator assembly according to claim 12, wherein the first wall is lower in height than the second wall. 14. The stator assembly according to claim 13, wherein the second wall comprises a first recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein an end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the first recess. 15. The stator assembly according to claim 14, herein the first wall comprises a second recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein the end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the second recess after the first recess. 16. The stator assembly according to claim 15, wherein the shape of the first recess and the shape of the second recess comprise different shapes. 17. The stator assembly according to claim 16, wherein a depth of the first recess is larger than the depth of the second recess. 18. The stator assembly according to claim 17, wherein a depth of the groove is larger than the first recess. | A stator member may include a columnar stator core, a linear coil, and an insulating insulator. The linear coil may be wound around the stator core. The insulator may be disposed between the stator core and the coil. Furthermore, the insulator may include a central member and an outer member. The central member may cover the stator core. The outer member may be connected to an outside of the central member in an axial direction of the stator core. The outer member may include a surface extending in a thickness direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction from the surface. A connection terminal of a busbar member may be inserted into the groove.1. A stator comprising:
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction; an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface. 2. The stator according to claim 1, wherein
the outer member further comprises a first wall forming a wall of the groove on an outer side of the stator, and a second wall forming a wall of the groove on an inner side of the stator. 3. The stator according to claim 2, wherein the first wall is lower in height than the second wall. 4. The stator according to claim 3, wherein the second wall comprises a first recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein an end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the first recess. 5. The stator according to claim 4, wherein the first wall comprises a second recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein the end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the second recess after the first recess. 6. The stator according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the first recess and the shape of the second recess comprise different shapes. 7. The stator according to claim 6, wherein a depth of the first recess is larger than the depth of the second recess. 8. The stator according to claim 7, wherein a depth of the groove is larger than the first recess. 9. A transducer for converting between electrical energy and mechanical energy, comprising:
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction; an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface; a rotor member disposed in a central opening of a stator assembly, and having an axis orthogonal to an opening surface; and a busbar connected to the coil of the stator assembly, wherein the busbar comprises a base portion in an annular shape, and a connection terminal in a plate shape connected to the base portion and connected to the coil, and wherein connection terminal is configured to be fitted into the groove together with an end of the coil. 10. The transducer according to claim 9, wherein the connection terminal includes
a main part in a plate shape, and a tongue portion extending from an end in a width direction of the main part and configured to be compressed with the end of the coil together with the main part. 11. A stator assembly, comprising
a first stator and a second stator adjacent to each other in an annular shape, and each of the first stator and the second stator comprising:
a stator core having a shape extending along an axial direction, and having a side surface extending in the axial direction;
a stator core configured to have a shape extending along an axial direction and having a side surface extending in the axial direction;
an insulator disposed on the side surface of the stator core; and a coil having a linear shape and wound around the side surface of the stator core with the insulator interposed therebetween, wherein the insulator comprises a central member and an outer member, and the outer member connected to the central member in the axial direction of the stator core, wherein the outer member comprises a wall surface substantially parallel to a direction in which the central member and the outer member are arranged, and a groove recessed in a direction orthogonal to the wall surface, wherein the groove is formed by an opening on a first side surface and a second side surface of the outer member, the opening of the groove on the first side surface of the first stator, and an opening of the groove on the second side surface of the second stator are opposed to each other. 12. The stator assembly according to claim 11, wherein
the outer member further comprises a first wall forming a wall of the groove on an outer side of the first stator and the second stator, and a second wall forming a wall of the groove on an inner side of each of the first stator and the second stator. 13. The stator assembly according to claim 12, wherein the first wall is lower in height than the second wall. 14. The stator assembly according to claim 13, wherein the second wall comprises a first recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein an end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the first recess. 15. The stator assembly according to claim 14, herein the first wall comprises a second recess having a shape extending in a thickness direction, and wherein the end of the coil is configured to be inserted into the second recess after the first recess. 16. The stator assembly according to claim 15, wherein the shape of the first recess and the shape of the second recess comprise different shapes. 17. The stator assembly according to claim 16, wherein a depth of the first recess is larger than the depth of the second recess. 18. The stator assembly according to claim 17, wherein a depth of the groove is larger than the first recess. | 2,800 |
341,280 | 16,801,594 | 2,844 | Methods and devices for processing and voice operated control are provided. The method can include performing a non-difference comparison between a first received sound and a second received sound, determining if speech exists based on the comparison, and transmitting or providing a decision that the speech is present to at least one among the device, a cell phone, a media player, or a portable computing device. Other embodiments are disclosed. | 1. An earpiece, comprising:
an ambient microphone; a speaker; an ear canal microphone; a memory that stores instructions; and a logic circuit that executes the instructions to perform operations, the operations comprising:
measuring ambient sound from the ambient microphone;
measuring internal sound received from the ear canal microphone;
comparing the ambient sound to the internal sound to determine if a user is speaking;
controlling a mixing of an ambient signal and an internal signal to produce a mixed signal, when the user speaking is detected. 2. An earpiece according to claim 1, further including the operations of:
extracting an audio signal of the user's voice from the mixed signal. 3. An earpiece according to claim 2, further including the operations of:
analyzing the audio signal to determine a voice command; and initiating an action in response to the voice command. 4. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to create an audio content wish list. 5. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is perform at least one of the following actions with respect to an audio content list stored in the memory, purchase a song in the audio content list, delete a song from the audio content list, skip to the next song in the audio content list, add a song to the audio content list, and delete the audio content list. 6. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search the internet. 7. An earpiece according to claim 6, where the internet search results are received via a text to speech analyzer resulting in an audio result and the user receives the audio result. 8. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from the internet. 9. An earpiece according to claim 8, where a second voice command is to scan audio from the internet. 10. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from a radio station. 11. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 12. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to link to a user's investment account. 13. An earpiece according to claim 12, where a second voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 14. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to buy the particular stock. 15. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to sell the particular stock. 16. The earpiece according to claim 3 including a second ambient sound microphone. 17. The earpiece according to claim 16, further including a sealing section. 18. An earpiece according to claim 17, further including the operations of:
measuring the sound pressure level using the ear canal microphone. 19. An earpiece according to claim 18, further including the operations of:
calculating the sound pressure level dosage of a user using the measured sound pressure level. | Methods and devices for processing and voice operated control are provided. The method can include performing a non-difference comparison between a first received sound and a second received sound, determining if speech exists based on the comparison, and transmitting or providing a decision that the speech is present to at least one among the device, a cell phone, a media player, or a portable computing device. Other embodiments are disclosed.1. An earpiece, comprising:
an ambient microphone; a speaker; an ear canal microphone; a memory that stores instructions; and a logic circuit that executes the instructions to perform operations, the operations comprising:
measuring ambient sound from the ambient microphone;
measuring internal sound received from the ear canal microphone;
comparing the ambient sound to the internal sound to determine if a user is speaking;
controlling a mixing of an ambient signal and an internal signal to produce a mixed signal, when the user speaking is detected. 2. An earpiece according to claim 1, further including the operations of:
extracting an audio signal of the user's voice from the mixed signal. 3. An earpiece according to claim 2, further including the operations of:
analyzing the audio signal to determine a voice command; and initiating an action in response to the voice command. 4. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to create an audio content wish list. 5. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is perform at least one of the following actions with respect to an audio content list stored in the memory, purchase a song in the audio content list, delete a song from the audio content list, skip to the next song in the audio content list, add a song to the audio content list, and delete the audio content list. 6. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search the internet. 7. An earpiece according to claim 6, where the internet search results are received via a text to speech analyzer resulting in an audio result and the user receives the audio result. 8. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from the internet. 9. An earpiece according to claim 8, where a second voice command is to scan audio from the internet. 10. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from a radio station. 11. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 12. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to link to a user's investment account. 13. An earpiece according to claim 12, where a second voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 14. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to buy the particular stock. 15. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to sell the particular stock. 16. The earpiece according to claim 3 including a second ambient sound microphone. 17. The earpiece according to claim 16, further including a sealing section. 18. An earpiece according to claim 17, further including the operations of:
measuring the sound pressure level using the ear canal microphone. 19. An earpiece according to claim 18, further including the operations of:
calculating the sound pressure level dosage of a user using the measured sound pressure level. | 2,800 |
341,281 | 16,801,612 | 2,844 | A patient transport apparatus for moving a patient from one location to another. The patient transport apparatus comprises a suspension system to limit discomfort to the patient when the patient transport apparatus moves over disturbances in floor surfaces. The suspension system comprises suspension devices such as a spring and/or a damper. The suspension system is operable in an energy-absorbing mode in which the suspension system absorbs energy as wheels move over the disturbances during transport or a lockout mode in which the suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to the energy-absorbing mode. A control system operates to place the suspension system in one of the modes. | 1. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, said transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system operable in a first mode and a second mode, said suspension system being configured in at least one of said modes to absorb energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport to limit energy transfer to said patient support surface thereby limiting discomfort to the patient; and a control system to place said suspension system in one of said modes, wherein said first mode is an energy-absorbing mode in which said suspension system absorbs energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport and said second mode is a lockout mode in which said suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to said energy-absorbing mode, and wherein said control system comprises a status input to determine at least one of an operational state of said transport apparatus or a patient state and a controller to place said suspension system in said energy-absorbing mode or said lockout mode based on said at least one of said operational state or said patient state. 2. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input is a motion sensor in communication with said controller to determine whether said transport apparatus is in motion or is stationary, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when said transport apparatus is stationary and to place said suspension system in said energy-absorbing mode when said transport apparatus is in motion. 3. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input comprises at least one load cell in communication with said controller to determine if the patient is positioned for ingress or egress relative to said patient support surface, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when the patient is positioned for ingress or egress relative to said patient support surface. 4. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input comprises a CPR sensor in communication with said controller to determine if said transport apparatus is in a CPR mode, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when said CPR sensor detects said CPR mode. 5. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, said transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system operable in a first mode and a second mode, said suspension system being configured in at least one of said modes to absorb energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport to limit energy transfer to said patient support surface thereby limiting discomfort to the patient; and a control system to place said suspension system in one of said modes, wherein said first mode is an energy-absorbing mode in which said suspension system absorbs energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport and said second mode is a lockout mode in which said suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to said energy-absorbing mode, and wherein said suspension system is selectively operable at a first ride setting or a second ride setting in said energy-absorbing mode, said first ride setting being different than said second ride setting. 6. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises at least one load cell to generate output associated with a load of the patient on said patient support surface and a controller in communication with said at least one load cell to receive said output and transmit a control signal to said suspension system to switch said suspension system from said first ride setting to said second ride setting based on said output. 7. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said controller is configured to process said output to determine a sprung weight supported by said suspension system, said sprung weight comprising a weight of the patient. 8. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said suspension system comprises suspension devices, said suspension system configured to independently adjust said suspension devices based on said output. 9. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said suspension system comprises a spring having an adjustable spring parameter. 10. The transport apparatus of claim 9, wherein said suspension system comprises a damper having an adjustable damping parameter, said suspension system configured to adjust at least one of said adjustable spring parameter or said adjustable damping parameter in response to receiving said control signal from said controller. 11. The transport apparatus of claim 10, wherein said controller comprises memory to store spring and damper settings corresponding to said output and said suspension system is configured to adjust said at least one of said adjustable spring parameter or said adjustable damping parameter based on said spring and damper settings. 12. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a surface sensor to detect the disturbances in the floor surfaces and generate corresponding output and a controller in communication with said surface sensor to receive said output and transmit a control signal to said suspension system to switch said suspension system from said first ride setting to said second ride setting based on said output. 13. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a controller and a ride selection interface in communication with said controller to enable selection of said first ride setting or said second ride setting, said controller configured to switch said suspension system to said first ride setting or said second ride setting based on said selection. 14. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a manual control device configured to be manually manipulated by the operator to place said suspension system in one of said modes. 15. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, the patient transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system having an accumulator and being operable in an energy-absorbing mode and a lockout mode, wherein the suspension system is configured to, in at least one of the modes, absorb energy within the accumulator as the wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces; and a controller configured to place the suspension system in one of the modes. 16. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the lift system comprises a hydraulic unit;
wherein the accumulator comprises a hydraulic accumulator; and further comprising a pump in operative communication with the hydraulic unit. 17. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a control valve having a variable orifice in operative communication with the controller to control opening and closing of the variable orifice to control fluid movement between the hydraulic unit and the hydraulic accumulator. 18. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the variable orifice defines a cross-sectional area in the lockout mode that is less than a cross-sectional area in the energy-absorbing mode. 19. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the control valve is a solenoid valve. 20. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the controller is in operative communication with a plurality of valves to control fluid movement between the hydraulic unit and the hydraulic accumulator. | A patient transport apparatus for moving a patient from one location to another. The patient transport apparatus comprises a suspension system to limit discomfort to the patient when the patient transport apparatus moves over disturbances in floor surfaces. The suspension system comprises suspension devices such as a spring and/or a damper. The suspension system is operable in an energy-absorbing mode in which the suspension system absorbs energy as wheels move over the disturbances during transport or a lockout mode in which the suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to the energy-absorbing mode. A control system operates to place the suspension system in one of the modes.1. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, said transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system operable in a first mode and a second mode, said suspension system being configured in at least one of said modes to absorb energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport to limit energy transfer to said patient support surface thereby limiting discomfort to the patient; and a control system to place said suspension system in one of said modes, wherein said first mode is an energy-absorbing mode in which said suspension system absorbs energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport and said second mode is a lockout mode in which said suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to said energy-absorbing mode, and wherein said control system comprises a status input to determine at least one of an operational state of said transport apparatus or a patient state and a controller to place said suspension system in said energy-absorbing mode or said lockout mode based on said at least one of said operational state or said patient state. 2. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input is a motion sensor in communication with said controller to determine whether said transport apparatus is in motion or is stationary, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when said transport apparatus is stationary and to place said suspension system in said energy-absorbing mode when said transport apparatus is in motion. 3. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input comprises at least one load cell in communication with said controller to determine if the patient is positioned for ingress or egress relative to said patient support surface, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when the patient is positioned for ingress or egress relative to said patient support surface. 4. The transport apparatus of claim 1, wherein said status input comprises a CPR sensor in communication with said controller to determine if said transport apparatus is in a CPR mode, said controller configured to place said suspension system in said lockout mode when said CPR sensor detects said CPR mode. 5. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, said transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system operable in a first mode and a second mode, said suspension system being configured in at least one of said modes to absorb energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport to limit energy transfer to said patient support surface thereby limiting discomfort to the patient; and a control system to place said suspension system in one of said modes, wherein said first mode is an energy-absorbing mode in which said suspension system absorbs energy as said wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces during transport and said second mode is a lockout mode in which said suspension system is relatively more rigid as compared to said energy-absorbing mode, and wherein said suspension system is selectively operable at a first ride setting or a second ride setting in said energy-absorbing mode, said first ride setting being different than said second ride setting. 6. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises at least one load cell to generate output associated with a load of the patient on said patient support surface and a controller in communication with said at least one load cell to receive said output and transmit a control signal to said suspension system to switch said suspension system from said first ride setting to said second ride setting based on said output. 7. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said controller is configured to process said output to determine a sprung weight supported by said suspension system, said sprung weight comprising a weight of the patient. 8. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said suspension system comprises suspension devices, said suspension system configured to independently adjust said suspension devices based on said output. 9. The transport apparatus of claim 6, wherein said suspension system comprises a spring having an adjustable spring parameter. 10. The transport apparatus of claim 9, wherein said suspension system comprises a damper having an adjustable damping parameter, said suspension system configured to adjust at least one of said adjustable spring parameter or said adjustable damping parameter in response to receiving said control signal from said controller. 11. The transport apparatus of claim 10, wherein said controller comprises memory to store spring and damper settings corresponding to said output and said suspension system is configured to adjust said at least one of said adjustable spring parameter or said adjustable damping parameter based on said spring and damper settings. 12. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a surface sensor to detect the disturbances in the floor surfaces and generate corresponding output and a controller in communication with said surface sensor to receive said output and transmit a control signal to said suspension system to switch said suspension system from said first ride setting to said second ride setting based on said output. 13. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a controller and a ride selection interface in communication with said controller to enable selection of said first ride setting or said second ride setting, said controller configured to switch said suspension system to said first ride setting or said second ride setting based on said selection. 14. The transport apparatus of claim 5, wherein said control system comprises a manual control device configured to be manually manipulated by the operator to place said suspension system in one of said modes. 15. A patient transport apparatus for transporting a patient over disturbances in floor surfaces, the patient transport apparatus comprising:
a support structure comprising a patient support surface; at least one wheel coupled to said support structure; a lift system coupled to said patient support structure to adjust a height of said patient support surface relative to said at least one wheel; a suspension system having an accumulator and being operable in an energy-absorbing mode and a lockout mode, wherein the suspension system is configured to, in at least one of the modes, absorb energy within the accumulator as the wheels move over the disturbances in the floor surfaces; and a controller configured to place the suspension system in one of the modes. 16. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the lift system comprises a hydraulic unit;
wherein the accumulator comprises a hydraulic accumulator; and further comprising a pump in operative communication with the hydraulic unit. 17. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 16, further comprising a control valve having a variable orifice in operative communication with the controller to control opening and closing of the variable orifice to control fluid movement between the hydraulic unit and the hydraulic accumulator. 18. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the variable orifice defines a cross-sectional area in the lockout mode that is less than a cross-sectional area in the energy-absorbing mode. 19. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the control valve is a solenoid valve. 20. The patient transport apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the controller is in operative communication with a plurality of valves to control fluid movement between the hydraulic unit and the hydraulic accumulator. | 2,800 |
341,282 | 16,801,604 | 2,844 | The present disclosure relates to a retina imaging method in which a light from a light source into two lights is dispersed, at least one eyeground image of the eyeball at a first magnification is obtained by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball, and a plurality of DIC images are obtained at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball. | 1. A retina and optic nerve function evaluation system comprising:
a retina imaging unit for obtaining a plurality of differential interference contrast (DIC) images for at least a portion of an eyeball to generate a retina image; and a cell density distribution generation unit for identifying at least retinal ganglion cells and horizontal cells in the retina image and generating a density distribution map of the retinal ganglion cells which indicates at least the distribution of the retinal ganglion cells. 2. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, wherein:
the retina imaging unit is configured to obtain at least one eyeground image corresponding to at least a portion of the eyeball at low magnification and obtain a plurality of DIC images of the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image. 3. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to classify the retinal ganglion cells and the horizontal cells in consideration of the size and shape of the cells in the retina image. 4. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 3, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to divide the retina image into subpixels having a predetermined size, classify cells larger than the subpixels as retinal ganglion cells and classify cells smaller than the subpixels as horizontal cells. 5. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 4, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to select the horizontal cells by observing a change in the shade of the boundary region of the horizontal cells. 6. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 2, wherein:
the retina imaging unit comprises: a light irradiation unit for irradiating two lights dispersed in the eyeball; a magnification adjustment unit for making the two lights incident by adjusting the paths of the two lights to be incident on the eyeball; and a light compensation unit for receiving a light reflected from the eyeball and compensating for the aberration of the light generated in the eyeball. 7. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, further comprising:
a data storage unit for storing the retina image and the cell density distribution map of the retinal ganglion; and a function information generation unit for generating retina and optic nerve function information by analyzing the retina image and the cell density distribution map of the retinal ganglion. 8. A retina imaging device comprising:
a light irradiation unit for irradiating two dispersed lights; a magnification adjustment unit for adjusting the paths of the two lights and adjusting the magnification of an image obtained from the two lights incident on the eyeball; a light compensation unit for receiving lights reflected from the eyeball and compensating for aberrations of lights generated in the eyeball; and a light processing unit for obtaining DIC images based on an electrical signal of the compensated reflected lights, wherein the retina imaging device is configured to obtain at least one eyeground image at a first magnification, and obtain a plurality of DIC images at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image. 9. The retina imaging device of claim 8, wherein:
the magnification adjustment unit includes: a first lens on which the two dispersed lights are incident; a second lens on which the two lights that have passed through the first lens are incident; and a third lens on which the two light that have passed through the second lens are incident, and wherein the magnification adjustment unit is configured to adjust the magnification according to the movement of the third lens. 10. The retina imaging device of claim 9, wherein:
the magnification adjustment unit further includes: a fixed frame to which the first lens and the second lens are fixed; and an adjustment frame to which the third lens is fixed and whose position is moved with respect to the fixed frame. 11. The retina imaging device of claim 9, wherein:
the position of the third lens at the first magnification is farther from the eye than the position of the third lens at the second magnification. 12. The retina imaging device of claim 11, wherein:
at the first magnification, a region corresponding to the at least one eyeground image is specified by the two lights that have passed through the third lens and the lens of the eyeball, and at the second magnification, a specific point of the region corresponding to the at least one eyeground image obtained by the two lights that have passed through the third lens and the lens of the eyeball is specified. 13. The retina imaging device of claim 8, wherein:
the light irradiation unit includes a differential interference contrast (DIC) prism for dispersing a light to produce the two dispersed lights. 14. The retina imaging device of claim 13, wherein:
the two lights reflected from the eyeball are combined into one light in the DIC prism through the magnification adjustment unit and incident on the light compensation unit, and wherein the light compensation unit includes a wavefront sensor for detecting aberrations of the incident lights and a variable mirror which is adjusted by the wavefront sensor for compensating for the aberrations of the incident lights. 15. A retina imaging method using a DIC microscope comprises:
dispersing a light from a light source into two lights; obtaining at least one eyeground image of the eyeball at a first magnification by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball; and obtaining a plurality of DIC images at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball. 16. The retina imaging method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving lights reflected from the eyeball to compensate for aberrations of lights generated in the eyeball; and generating the at least one eyeground image or the plurality of DIC images based on the compensated reflected lights. 17. The retina imaging method of claim 15, wherein:
the at least one eyeground image is an image for a region of the retina specified between the two lights, and wherein each of the plurality of DIC images is an image for a plurality of specific points in the region of the specified retina. | The present disclosure relates to a retina imaging method in which a light from a light source into two lights is dispersed, at least one eyeground image of the eyeball at a first magnification is obtained by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball, and a plurality of DIC images are obtained at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball.1. A retina and optic nerve function evaluation system comprising:
a retina imaging unit for obtaining a plurality of differential interference contrast (DIC) images for at least a portion of an eyeball to generate a retina image; and a cell density distribution generation unit for identifying at least retinal ganglion cells and horizontal cells in the retina image and generating a density distribution map of the retinal ganglion cells which indicates at least the distribution of the retinal ganglion cells. 2. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, wherein:
the retina imaging unit is configured to obtain at least one eyeground image corresponding to at least a portion of the eyeball at low magnification and obtain a plurality of DIC images of the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image. 3. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to classify the retinal ganglion cells and the horizontal cells in consideration of the size and shape of the cells in the retina image. 4. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 3, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to divide the retina image into subpixels having a predetermined size, classify cells larger than the subpixels as retinal ganglion cells and classify cells smaller than the subpixels as horizontal cells. 5. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 4, wherein:
the cell density distribution generation unit is configured to select the horizontal cells by observing a change in the shade of the boundary region of the horizontal cells. 6. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 2, wherein:
the retina imaging unit comprises: a light irradiation unit for irradiating two lights dispersed in the eyeball; a magnification adjustment unit for making the two lights incident by adjusting the paths of the two lights to be incident on the eyeball; and a light compensation unit for receiving a light reflected from the eyeball and compensating for the aberration of the light generated in the eyeball. 7. The retina and optic nerve function evaluation system of claim 1, further comprising:
a data storage unit for storing the retina image and the cell density distribution map of the retinal ganglion; and a function information generation unit for generating retina and optic nerve function information by analyzing the retina image and the cell density distribution map of the retinal ganglion. 8. A retina imaging device comprising:
a light irradiation unit for irradiating two dispersed lights; a magnification adjustment unit for adjusting the paths of the two lights and adjusting the magnification of an image obtained from the two lights incident on the eyeball; a light compensation unit for receiving lights reflected from the eyeball and compensating for aberrations of lights generated in the eyeball; and a light processing unit for obtaining DIC images based on an electrical signal of the compensated reflected lights, wherein the retina imaging device is configured to obtain at least one eyeground image at a first magnification, and obtain a plurality of DIC images at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image. 9. The retina imaging device of claim 8, wherein:
the magnification adjustment unit includes: a first lens on which the two dispersed lights are incident; a second lens on which the two lights that have passed through the first lens are incident; and a third lens on which the two light that have passed through the second lens are incident, and wherein the magnification adjustment unit is configured to adjust the magnification according to the movement of the third lens. 10. The retina imaging device of claim 9, wherein:
the magnification adjustment unit further includes: a fixed frame to which the first lens and the second lens are fixed; and an adjustment frame to which the third lens is fixed and whose position is moved with respect to the fixed frame. 11. The retina imaging device of claim 9, wherein:
the position of the third lens at the first magnification is farther from the eye than the position of the third lens at the second magnification. 12. The retina imaging device of claim 11, wherein:
at the first magnification, a region corresponding to the at least one eyeground image is specified by the two lights that have passed through the third lens and the lens of the eyeball, and at the second magnification, a specific point of the region corresponding to the at least one eyeground image obtained by the two lights that have passed through the third lens and the lens of the eyeball is specified. 13. The retina imaging device of claim 8, wherein:
the light irradiation unit includes a differential interference contrast (DIC) prism for dispersing a light to produce the two dispersed lights. 14. The retina imaging device of claim 13, wherein:
the two lights reflected from the eyeball are combined into one light in the DIC prism through the magnification adjustment unit and incident on the light compensation unit, and wherein the light compensation unit includes a wavefront sensor for detecting aberrations of the incident lights and a variable mirror which is adjusted by the wavefront sensor for compensating for the aberrations of the incident lights. 15. A retina imaging method using a DIC microscope comprises:
dispersing a light from a light source into two lights; obtaining at least one eyeground image of the eyeball at a first magnification by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball; and obtaining a plurality of DIC images at a second magnification higher than the first magnification with respect to the retina of the entirety of the obtained at least one eyeground image by adjusting the paths of the two lights incident on the eyeball. 16. The retina imaging method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving lights reflected from the eyeball to compensate for aberrations of lights generated in the eyeball; and generating the at least one eyeground image or the plurality of DIC images based on the compensated reflected lights. 17. The retina imaging method of claim 15, wherein:
the at least one eyeground image is an image for a region of the retina specified between the two lights, and wherein each of the plurality of DIC images is an image for a plurality of specific points in the region of the specified retina. | 2,800 |
341,283 | 16,801,622 | 2,844 | Disclosed herein are embodiments of a lift apparatus and systems containing a support and at least one lift apparatus for moving a substrate between the support and a transfer plane, using a servo-control system. Further disclosed herein are methods for servo control of a lift apparatus and lifting a substrate off of a support or lowering the substrate onto the support. | 1. A lift apparatus for transferring a substrate between a support and a transfer plane, the lift apparatus comprising:
a lift pin assembly, comprising:
a lift pin configured to move the substrate between the support and the transfer plane;
at least one pneumatic actuator comprising a moving member configured to provide a load to the lift pin;
at least one proportional pneumatic valve configured to control fluid flow between the at least one pneumatic actuator and a pressurized fluid supply or a vent;
a plurality of pressure sensors each configured to independently measure pressure in a respective supply line to the at least one pneumatic actuator; and
at least one position sensor configured to measure a position of the member; and
a servo-control system in communication with the lift pin assembly. 2. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lift apparatus comprises a plurality of lift pin assemblies. 3. The lift apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of lift pin assemblies are configured to move the substrate between the support and the transfer plane. 4. The lift apparatus of claim 2, wherein the servo-control system is in communication with the plurality of lift pin assemblies. 5. The lift apparatus of claim 4, wherein the servo-control system is configured to maintain a closed loop, wherein at least one of chamber pressure or moving member position is controlled within the at least one pneumatic actuator. 6. The lift apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one proportional pneumatic valve is configured to direct pressurized fluid to at least one of the plurality of chambers in response to a control signal from the servo-control system. 7. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one pneumatic actuator comprises a plurality of chambers, each chamber connected to the respective supply line measured by a respective one of the plurality of pressure sensors. 8. The lift apparatus of claim 1, comprising a plurality of proportional pneumatic valves configured to transport fluid between the at least one pneumatic actuator and the pressurized fluid supply or the vent. 9. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the servo control system comprises a controller attached to the at least one pneumatic actuator, the plurality of pressure sensors, the at least one position sensor and the at least one proportional pneumatic valve. 10. A method, comprising:
receiving by a controller a first pressure measurement from a first pressure sensor that measures pressure in a first chamber of a pneumatic actuator; receiving by the controller a second pressure measurement from a second pressure sensor that measures pressure in a second chamber of the pneumatic actuator; receiving by the controller a position measurement from a position sensor that measures a position of a moving member of the pneumatic actuator; generating a control signal based on the first pressure measurement, the second pressure measurement and the position measurement; transmitting the control signal to at least one proportional pneumatic valve of a servo-control system to control pressurized fluid to the pneumatic actuator; and operating the servo-control system to extend at least one lift pin and lift a substrate off of a support via the at least one lift pin. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising transferring the substrate from the at least one lift pin to a transfer chamber using a robot arm. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the controller determines the difference between the first pressure measurement and the second pressure measurement to determine an output force of the pneumatic actuator, and wherein the controller adds the first pressure measurement to the second pressure measurement to determine a stiffness of the pneumatic actuator. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein in response to the output force, the stiffness and the position of the moving member, the controller controls the at least one proportional pneumatic valve by determining a pressure for each of two chambers of the pneumatic actuator. 14. A method comprising:
operating a servo-control system to lift a substrate off of a substrate support, wherein the servo-control system is configured to control a lift pin assembly for lifting the substrate, comprising:
actuating at least one proportional pneumatic valve to permit gas to flow through a first gas line into a first chamber of a pneumatic actuator of the lift pin assembly and through a second gas line into a second chamber of the pneumatic actuator;
measuring pressure in the first gas line with a first pressure sensor and measuring pressure in the second gas line with a second pressure sensor;
measuring position of a moving member of the pneumatic actuator with a position sensor;
controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve with the servo-control system to apply a contact force of about 2 N to about 10 N by the moving member to the substrate; and
lifting the substrate off of the support by a lift pin operable to receive a load by the moving member. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the lift pin assembly comprises:
the lift pin; the pneumatic actuator comprising the moving member, the at least one proportional pneumatic valve; the first pressure sensor; the second pressure sensor, and the position sensor. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein a controller of the servo-control system is connected to the pneumatic actuator, the at least one proportional pneumatic valve, the plurality of pressure sensors and the position sensor. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve comprises maintaining, reducing or reversing gas flow to at least one of the first chamber or the second chamber. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve comprises maintaining pressure to the first chamber and the second chamber at a constant value to apply a constant contact force by the moving member to the substrate. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein when the position of the moving member is at about 1 mm to about 7 mm, or about 2 mm in a positive direction from a center position of the moving member, the servo-control system sends a signal to the proportional pneumatic valve to increase pressure in at least one of the first chamber or the second chamber to accelerate the moving member in the positive direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the moving member is accelerated to a speed of about 50 mm/s to about 150 mm/s, or about 75 mm/s to about 125 mm/s, or about 100 mm/s. | Disclosed herein are embodiments of a lift apparatus and systems containing a support and at least one lift apparatus for moving a substrate between the support and a transfer plane, using a servo-control system. Further disclosed herein are methods for servo control of a lift apparatus and lifting a substrate off of a support or lowering the substrate onto the support.1. A lift apparatus for transferring a substrate between a support and a transfer plane, the lift apparatus comprising:
a lift pin assembly, comprising:
a lift pin configured to move the substrate between the support and the transfer plane;
at least one pneumatic actuator comprising a moving member configured to provide a load to the lift pin;
at least one proportional pneumatic valve configured to control fluid flow between the at least one pneumatic actuator and a pressurized fluid supply or a vent;
a plurality of pressure sensors each configured to independently measure pressure in a respective supply line to the at least one pneumatic actuator; and
at least one position sensor configured to measure a position of the member; and
a servo-control system in communication with the lift pin assembly. 2. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lift apparatus comprises a plurality of lift pin assemblies. 3. The lift apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of lift pin assemblies are configured to move the substrate between the support and the transfer plane. 4. The lift apparatus of claim 2, wherein the servo-control system is in communication with the plurality of lift pin assemblies. 5. The lift apparatus of claim 4, wherein the servo-control system is configured to maintain a closed loop, wherein at least one of chamber pressure or moving member position is controlled within the at least one pneumatic actuator. 6. The lift apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one proportional pneumatic valve is configured to direct pressurized fluid to at least one of the plurality of chambers in response to a control signal from the servo-control system. 7. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one pneumatic actuator comprises a plurality of chambers, each chamber connected to the respective supply line measured by a respective one of the plurality of pressure sensors. 8. The lift apparatus of claim 1, comprising a plurality of proportional pneumatic valves configured to transport fluid between the at least one pneumatic actuator and the pressurized fluid supply or the vent. 9. The lift apparatus of claim 1, wherein the servo control system comprises a controller attached to the at least one pneumatic actuator, the plurality of pressure sensors, the at least one position sensor and the at least one proportional pneumatic valve. 10. A method, comprising:
receiving by a controller a first pressure measurement from a first pressure sensor that measures pressure in a first chamber of a pneumatic actuator; receiving by the controller a second pressure measurement from a second pressure sensor that measures pressure in a second chamber of the pneumatic actuator; receiving by the controller a position measurement from a position sensor that measures a position of a moving member of the pneumatic actuator; generating a control signal based on the first pressure measurement, the second pressure measurement and the position measurement; transmitting the control signal to at least one proportional pneumatic valve of a servo-control system to control pressurized fluid to the pneumatic actuator; and operating the servo-control system to extend at least one lift pin and lift a substrate off of a support via the at least one lift pin. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising transferring the substrate from the at least one lift pin to a transfer chamber using a robot arm. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the controller determines the difference between the first pressure measurement and the second pressure measurement to determine an output force of the pneumatic actuator, and wherein the controller adds the first pressure measurement to the second pressure measurement to determine a stiffness of the pneumatic actuator. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein in response to the output force, the stiffness and the position of the moving member, the controller controls the at least one proportional pneumatic valve by determining a pressure for each of two chambers of the pneumatic actuator. 14. A method comprising:
operating a servo-control system to lift a substrate off of a substrate support, wherein the servo-control system is configured to control a lift pin assembly for lifting the substrate, comprising:
actuating at least one proportional pneumatic valve to permit gas to flow through a first gas line into a first chamber of a pneumatic actuator of the lift pin assembly and through a second gas line into a second chamber of the pneumatic actuator;
measuring pressure in the first gas line with a first pressure sensor and measuring pressure in the second gas line with a second pressure sensor;
measuring position of a moving member of the pneumatic actuator with a position sensor;
controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve with the servo-control system to apply a contact force of about 2 N to about 10 N by the moving member to the substrate; and
lifting the substrate off of the support by a lift pin operable to receive a load by the moving member. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the lift pin assembly comprises:
the lift pin; the pneumatic actuator comprising the moving member, the at least one proportional pneumatic valve; the first pressure sensor; the second pressure sensor, and the position sensor. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein a controller of the servo-control system is connected to the pneumatic actuator, the at least one proportional pneumatic valve, the plurality of pressure sensors and the position sensor. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve comprises maintaining, reducing or reversing gas flow to at least one of the first chamber or the second chamber. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein controlling the at least one proportional pneumatic valve comprises maintaining pressure to the first chamber and the second chamber at a constant value to apply a constant contact force by the moving member to the substrate. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein when the position of the moving member is at about 1 mm to about 7 mm, or about 2 mm in a positive direction from a center position of the moving member, the servo-control system sends a signal to the proportional pneumatic valve to increase pressure in at least one of the first chamber or the second chamber to accelerate the moving member in the positive direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the moving member is accelerated to a speed of about 50 mm/s to about 150 mm/s, or about 75 mm/s to about 125 mm/s, or about 100 mm/s. | 2,800 |
341,284 | 16,801,624 | 2,844 | A droplet sensor includes an optical cover having an elliptical surface forming a portion of a spheroid, a light source arranged at or in a vicinity of a first focal point of the elliptical surface, and a photodetector arranged at or in a vicinity of a second focal point of the elliptical surface. The elliptical surface includes an effective detection area configured to reflect light emitted from the light source towards the photodetector. An amount of light reflected from the effective detection area changes according to adhesion of a droplet on the effective detection area of the elliptical surface. The optical cover includes a hollow portion that is provided in a region inside the optical cover, and outside optical paths of the light emitted from the light source and reflected from the effective detection area toward the photodetector. | 1. A droplet sensor comprising:
an optical cover having an elliptical surface forming a portion of a spheroid; a light source arranged at or in a vicinity of a first focal point of the elliptical surface; and a photodetector arranged at or in a vicinity of a second focal point of the elliptical surface, wherein the elliptical surface includes an effective detection area configured to reflect light emitted from the light source towards the photodetector, an amount of light reflected from the effective detection area changes according to adhesion of a droplet on the effective detection area of the elliptical surface, and the optical cover includes a hollow portion that is provided in a region inside the optical cover, and outside optical paths of the light emitted from the light source and reflected from the effective detection area toward the photodetector. 2. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical cover has a shape that is obtained when the spheroid is cut along a plane including a major axis of the spheroid. 3. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hollow portion has a shape that is obtained when a biconical shape having the major axis as a center axis thereof is cut along the plane. 4. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow portion has the shape that is obtained when the biconical shape, that is obtained by rotating a triangle formed by a first optical path of the light from the light source toward an end of the effective detection area farthest away from the light source, a second optical path of the light reflected from the other end of the effective detection area closest to the light source toward the photodetector, and the major axis of the elliptical surface, around the major axis, is cut along the plane. 5. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow portion has the shape smaller than a shape that is obtained when a biconical shape, that is obtained by rotating a triangle formed by a first optical path of the light from the light source toward an end of the effective detection area farthest away from the light source, a second optical path of the light reflected from the other end of the effective detection area closest to the light source toward the photodetector, and the major axis of the elliptical surface, around the major axis, is cut along the plane. 6. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hollow portion has a shape that is obtained when a spheroid having the major axis as a center axis thereof is cut along the plane. 7. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spheroid inscribes a biconical shape having the major axis as a center axis thereof. 8. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a surface of the optical cover defining the hollow portion is a scattering surface. 9. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a center of the elliptical surface and a center of the hollow portion coincide, and further comprising:
a sensor, arranged at the center of the elliptical surface, and configured to detect extraneous light. 10. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical cover includes a plurality of cuts formed in the optical paths inside the optical cover so as not to change a course of the light. 11. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein
the plurality of cuts include a plurality of first fan-shaped wedges having the first focal point as apexes thereof, and a plurality of second fan-shaped wedges having the second focal point as apexes thereof, each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges has a wedge-like shape that is obtained by rotating a fan shape around a rotation axis passing through the apex of the fan shape, each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges include a spherical bottom surface, and the light from the light source passes through the peripheral bottom surface of each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges before reaching the photodetector. 12. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bottom surface of each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges before reaching the photodetector is formed by a scattering surface. 13. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the optical cover includes a first spherical space having the first focal point as its center, and a second spherical space having the second focal point as its center, and the light source is arranged in the first spherical space, and the photodetector is arranged in the second spherical space. | A droplet sensor includes an optical cover having an elliptical surface forming a portion of a spheroid, a light source arranged at or in a vicinity of a first focal point of the elliptical surface, and a photodetector arranged at or in a vicinity of a second focal point of the elliptical surface. The elliptical surface includes an effective detection area configured to reflect light emitted from the light source towards the photodetector. An amount of light reflected from the effective detection area changes according to adhesion of a droplet on the effective detection area of the elliptical surface. The optical cover includes a hollow portion that is provided in a region inside the optical cover, and outside optical paths of the light emitted from the light source and reflected from the effective detection area toward the photodetector.1. A droplet sensor comprising:
an optical cover having an elliptical surface forming a portion of a spheroid; a light source arranged at or in a vicinity of a first focal point of the elliptical surface; and a photodetector arranged at or in a vicinity of a second focal point of the elliptical surface, wherein the elliptical surface includes an effective detection area configured to reflect light emitted from the light source towards the photodetector, an amount of light reflected from the effective detection area changes according to adhesion of a droplet on the effective detection area of the elliptical surface, and the optical cover includes a hollow portion that is provided in a region inside the optical cover, and outside optical paths of the light emitted from the light source and reflected from the effective detection area toward the photodetector. 2. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical cover has a shape that is obtained when the spheroid is cut along a plane including a major axis of the spheroid. 3. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hollow portion has a shape that is obtained when a biconical shape having the major axis as a center axis thereof is cut along the plane. 4. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow portion has the shape that is obtained when the biconical shape, that is obtained by rotating a triangle formed by a first optical path of the light from the light source toward an end of the effective detection area farthest away from the light source, a second optical path of the light reflected from the other end of the effective detection area closest to the light source toward the photodetector, and the major axis of the elliptical surface, around the major axis, is cut along the plane. 5. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow portion has the shape smaller than a shape that is obtained when a biconical shape, that is obtained by rotating a triangle formed by a first optical path of the light from the light source toward an end of the effective detection area farthest away from the light source, a second optical path of the light reflected from the other end of the effective detection area closest to the light source toward the photodetector, and the major axis of the elliptical surface, around the major axis, is cut along the plane. 6. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hollow portion has a shape that is obtained when a spheroid having the major axis as a center axis thereof is cut along the plane. 7. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spheroid inscribes a biconical shape having the major axis as a center axis thereof. 8. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a surface of the optical cover defining the hollow portion is a scattering surface. 9. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a center of the elliptical surface and a center of the hollow portion coincide, and further comprising:
a sensor, arranged at the center of the elliptical surface, and configured to detect extraneous light. 10. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical cover includes a plurality of cuts formed in the optical paths inside the optical cover so as not to change a course of the light. 11. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 10, wherein
the plurality of cuts include a plurality of first fan-shaped wedges having the first focal point as apexes thereof, and a plurality of second fan-shaped wedges having the second focal point as apexes thereof, each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges has a wedge-like shape that is obtained by rotating a fan shape around a rotation axis passing through the apex of the fan shape, each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges include a spherical bottom surface, and the light from the light source passes through the peripheral bottom surface of each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges before reaching the photodetector. 12. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 11, wherein the bottom surface of each of the plurality of first fan-shaped wedges and the plurality of second fan-shaped wedges before reaching the photodetector is formed by a scattering surface. 13. The droplet sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the optical cover includes a first spherical space having the first focal point as its center, and a second spherical space having the second focal point as its center, and the light source is arranged in the first spherical space, and the photodetector is arranged in the second spherical space. | 2,800 |
341,285 | 16,801,577 | 2,844 | A controller of a robot includes a first coupling section coupled to an object detecting device configured to detect an object. The controller is configured to control the robot in one of a first mode in which displacement speed of the robot does not exceed first speed and a second mode in which the displacement speed is second speed higher than the first speed, when the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, switch the first mode and the second mode based on an output from the object detecting device, and control the robot in the first mode when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section. | 1. A robot system comprising a robot and a controller including a control section configured to control the robot, wherein
the controller includes a first coupling section coupled to an object detecting device configured to detect an object, and the controller is configured to control the robot in one of a first mode in which displacement speed of the robot does not exceed first speed and a second mode in which the displacement speed is second speed higher than the first speed, when the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, switch the first mode and the second mode based on an output from the object detecting device, and control the robot in the first mode when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein, when a signal indicating an abnormality of the object detecting device is input, the controller controls the robot in the first mode. 3. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the object detecting device detects a distance between the robot and the object, and the controller switches the first mode and the second mode based on the distance. 4. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
a force detecting section configured to detect a force is provided in the robot, and in the first mode, the control section reduces the displacement speed or stops the robot based on an output from the force detecting section. 5. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller further includes a second coupling section coupled to the object detecting device or another object detecting device, and when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section and the object detecting device or the other object detecting device is coupled to the second coupling section, the controller controls the robot in the first mode. 6. The robot system according to claim 5, wherein
the other object detecting device is an opening and closing sensor for a safety door, the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, and the opening and closing sensor is coupled to the second coupling section. | A controller of a robot includes a first coupling section coupled to an object detecting device configured to detect an object. The controller is configured to control the robot in one of a first mode in which displacement speed of the robot does not exceed first speed and a second mode in which the displacement speed is second speed higher than the first speed, when the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, switch the first mode and the second mode based on an output from the object detecting device, and control the robot in the first mode when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section.1. A robot system comprising a robot and a controller including a control section configured to control the robot, wherein
the controller includes a first coupling section coupled to an object detecting device configured to detect an object, and the controller is configured to control the robot in one of a first mode in which displacement speed of the robot does not exceed first speed and a second mode in which the displacement speed is second speed higher than the first speed, when the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, switch the first mode and the second mode based on an output from the object detecting device, and control the robot in the first mode when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section. 2. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein, when a signal indicating an abnormality of the object detecting device is input, the controller controls the robot in the first mode. 3. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the object detecting device detects a distance between the robot and the object, and the controller switches the first mode and the second mode based on the distance. 4. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
a force detecting section configured to detect a force is provided in the robot, and in the first mode, the control section reduces the displacement speed or stops the robot based on an output from the force detecting section. 5. The robot system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller further includes a second coupling section coupled to the object detecting device or another object detecting device, and when the object detecting device is not coupled to the first coupling section and the object detecting device or the other object detecting device is coupled to the second coupling section, the controller controls the robot in the first mode. 6. The robot system according to claim 5, wherein
the other object detecting device is an opening and closing sensor for a safety door, the object detecting device is coupled to the first coupling section, and the opening and closing sensor is coupled to the second coupling section. | 2,800 |
341,286 | 16,801,605 | 2,844 | A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system includes disposing the sensing system at a vehicle, with the sensing system including at least two radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle. At least one spherical radar reflector is disposed at a position exterior the vehicle where the fields of sensing of the at least two radar sensors overlap. A calibration mode of the sensing system is entered, and calibration radio waves are transmitted by at least one transmitter, and reflected calibration radio waves are received by receivers of the at least two radar sensors. The reflected calibration radio waves include the calibration radio waves reflected off the at least one spherical radar reflector. A controller calibrates the sensing system responsive to processing the received reflected calibration radio waves. | 1. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing at least one spherical radar reflector at a location exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises at least two radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors; wherein, with the at least one spherical radar reflector established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location of the at least one spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of the at least two radar sensors overlap; with the at least one spherical radar reflector established at the location exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves by at least one of the plurality of transmitters of at least one radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the at least two radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off the at least one spherical radar reflector; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; and responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises transmitting a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors into a listening mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a position of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors, (ii) a roll of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors, (iii) a pitch of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors and (iv) a yaw of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises using long baseline techniques. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises using triangulation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors and adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises sequentially transmitting calibration radio waves from each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicular sensing system comprises at least one camera, and wherein the method comprises verifying, by the controller, an alignment of the camera based on the calibration of the at least two radar sensors. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicular sensing system comprises an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and wherein the method comprises compensating, by the controller, measured radar responses to dynamic changes of the at least two radar sensors based on inputs received from the IMU. 12. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing a plurality of spherical radar reflectors at a plurality of locations exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a plurality of radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; wherein, with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors each established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location for each spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of at least two radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors overlap; with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors established at the plurality of locations exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves by at least one of the plurality of transmitters of at least some of the radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the plurality of radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off at least one spherical radar reflector of the plurality of spherical radar reflectors; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; and responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors and adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment for each radar sensor. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises transmitting a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 16. The method of claim 12, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors into a listening mode. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a position of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, (ii) a roll of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, (iii) a pitch of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors and (iv) a yaw of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises sequentially transmitting calibration radio waves from each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 19. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing a plurality of spherical radar reflectors at a plurality of locations exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a plurality of radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; wherein, with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors each established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location for each spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of at least two radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors overlap; with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors established at the plurality of locations exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves comprising a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the plurality of radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off at least one spherical radar reflector of the plurality of spherical radar reflectors; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system; and wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor and storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment for each radar sensor. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors into a listening mode. | A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system includes disposing the sensing system at a vehicle, with the sensing system including at least two radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle. At least one spherical radar reflector is disposed at a position exterior the vehicle where the fields of sensing of the at least two radar sensors overlap. A calibration mode of the sensing system is entered, and calibration radio waves are transmitted by at least one transmitter, and reflected calibration radio waves are received by receivers of the at least two radar sensors. The reflected calibration radio waves include the calibration radio waves reflected off the at least one spherical radar reflector. A controller calibrates the sensing system responsive to processing the received reflected calibration radio waves.1. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing at least one spherical radar reflector at a location exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises at least two radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors; wherein, with the at least one spherical radar reflector established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location of the at least one spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of the at least two radar sensors overlap; with the at least one spherical radar reflector established at the location exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves by at least one of the plurality of transmitters of at least one radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the at least two radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off the at least one spherical radar reflector; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; and responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises transmitting a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors into a listening mode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a position of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors, (ii) a roll of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors, (iii) a pitch of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors and (iv) a yaw of each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises using long baseline techniques. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises using triangulation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors and adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises sequentially transmitting calibration radio waves from each radar sensor of the at least two radar sensors. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicular sensing system comprises at least one camera, and wherein the method comprises verifying, by the controller, an alignment of the camera based on the calibration of the at least two radar sensors. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicular sensing system comprises an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and wherein the method comprises compensating, by the controller, measured radar responses to dynamic changes of the at least two radar sensors based on inputs received from the IMU. 12. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing a plurality of spherical radar reflectors at a plurality of locations exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a plurality of radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; wherein, with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors each established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location for each spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of at least two radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors overlap; with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors established at the plurality of locations exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves by at least one of the plurality of transmitters of at least some of the radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the plurality of radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off at least one spherical radar reflector of the plurality of spherical radar reflectors; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; and responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors and adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment for each radar sensor. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises transmitting a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 16. The method of claim 12, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors into a listening mode. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) a position of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, (ii) a roll of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, (iii) a pitch of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors and (iv) a yaw of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting calibration radio waves comprises sequentially transmitting calibration radio waves from each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors. 19. A method for calibrating a vehicular sensing system, the method comprising:
establishing a plurality of spherical radar reflectors at a plurality of locations exterior a vehicle equipped with the vehicular sensing system; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a plurality of radar sensors disposed at the vehicle so as to have respective fields of sensing exterior of the vehicle, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of transmitters that, during operation of the respective radar sensor, transmits radio signals via a plurality of antennas, and wherein each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors comprises a plurality of receivers that receive radio signals via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the received radio signals are transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object present in the field of sensing of the respective radar sensor; wherein the vehicular sensing system at the equipped vehicle comprises a controller, the controller comprising a data processor that processes received radio signals received by the plurality of receivers of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; wherein, with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors each established at the location exterior the vehicle, the respective location for each spherical radar reflector relative to the vehicle comprises a location where the fields of sensing of at least two radar sensors of the plurality of radar sensors overlap; with the plurality of spherical radar reflectors established at the plurality of locations exterior the vehicle, entering a calibration mode of the vehicular sensing system; responsive to entering the calibration mode, transmitting calibration radio waves comprising a fixed transmission code known to each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors; receiving, by the plurality of receivers of the plurality of radar sensors, reflected calibration radio waves, wherein the reflected calibration radio waves at least comprise the transmitted calibration radio waves reflected off at least one spherical radar reflector of the plurality of spherical radar reflectors; processing the received reflected calibration radio waves via the data processor; responsive to processing of the received reflected calibration radio waves, calibrating, by the controller, the vehicular sensing system; and wherein calibrating the vehicular sensing system comprises determining a misalignment of at least one radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors, adjusting processing of outputs of the plurality of receivers of the at least one radar sensor to accommodate the determined misalignment of the at least one radar sensor and storing in nonvolatile memory offsets for each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors based on the respective determined misalignment for each radar sensor. 20. The method of claim 19, comprising configuring the vehicular sensing system to enter the calibration mode by placing each receiver of each radar sensor of the plurality of radar sensors into a listening mode. | 2,800 |
341,287 | 16,801,598 | 2,844 | An angle calculation unit acquires a motor rotation angle signal, output from a motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of a motor, and calculates a motor angle. A signal acquisition unit acquires an output shaft signal that is output from an output shaft sensor and has a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft, the output shaft sensor detecting a rotational position of an output shaft to which the rotation of the motor 10 is transmitted. A drive control unit controls the drive of the motor such that the motor angle becomes a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range. A range determination unit determines an actual range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal. | 1. A shift range control device for controlling a shift range switching system switching a shift range of a vehicle by controlling drive of a motor, the shift range control device comprising:
an angle calculation unit configured to acquire a motor rotation angle signal and calculate a motor angle output from a motor rotation angle sensor, the motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of the motor; a signal acquisition unit configured to acquire an output shaft signal output from an output shaft sensor, the output shaft signal having a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft to which rotation of the motor is transmitted, the output shaft sensor detecting the rotational position of the output shaft; a drive control unit configured to control the drive of the motor such that the motor angle has become a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range; and a range determination unit configured to determine an actual range as an actual shift range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal, wherein the range determination unit is further configured to:
determine the actual range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal during switching of the shift range; and
determine the actual range based on the output shaft signal after the switching of the shift range is completed. 2. The shift range control device according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft signal includes a first signal value indicating a first range and a second signal value indicating a second value, wherein a region in which the first signal value is output is within a region to be determined as the first range, wherein a region in which the second value is output is greater than a region to be determined as the second range, and wherein, during the switching of the shift range, the range determination unit is configured to:
execute determination as the first range based on the output shaft signal; and
execute determination as the second range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal. 3. The shift range control device according to claim 2,
wherein the output shaft rotates integrally with a rotation member having four valleys with which an engaging member is engaged in accordance with each range of a parking range, a reverse range, a neutral range, and a drive range, wherein the first range includes the parking range and the neutral range, and wherein the second range includes the reverse range and the drive range. 4. A shift range control device for controlling a shift range switching system switching a shift range of a vehicle among a plurality of shift ranges by controlling drive of a motor, the shift range control device comprising:
a microcomputer configured to:
acquire a motor rotation angle signal and calculate a motor angle output from a motor rotation angle sensor, the motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of the motor;
acquire an output shaft signal output from an output shaft sensor, the output shaft signal having a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft to which rotation of the motor is transmitted, the output shaft sensor detecting the rotational position of the output shaft;
control the drive of the motor such that the motor angle has become a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range among the shift ranges;
determine an actual range as an actual shift range among the shift ranges;
determine the actual range among the shift ranges based on at least the output shaft signal during switching of the shift range; and
determine the actual range among the shift ranges based on the output shaft signal after the switching of the shift range is completed. 5. The shift range control device according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft signal includes a first signal value indicating a first range and a second signal value indicating a second value, wherein a region in which the first signal value is output is within a region to be determined as the first range, wherein a region in which the second value is output is greater than a region to be determined as the second range, and wherein, during the switching of the shift range, the microcomputer is further configured to:
execute determination as the first range based on the output shaft signal; and
execute determination as the second range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal. | An angle calculation unit acquires a motor rotation angle signal, output from a motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of a motor, and calculates a motor angle. A signal acquisition unit acquires an output shaft signal that is output from an output shaft sensor and has a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft, the output shaft sensor detecting a rotational position of an output shaft to which the rotation of the motor 10 is transmitted. A drive control unit controls the drive of the motor such that the motor angle becomes a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range. A range determination unit determines an actual range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal.1. A shift range control device for controlling a shift range switching system switching a shift range of a vehicle by controlling drive of a motor, the shift range control device comprising:
an angle calculation unit configured to acquire a motor rotation angle signal and calculate a motor angle output from a motor rotation angle sensor, the motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of the motor; a signal acquisition unit configured to acquire an output shaft signal output from an output shaft sensor, the output shaft signal having a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft to which rotation of the motor is transmitted, the output shaft sensor detecting the rotational position of the output shaft; a drive control unit configured to control the drive of the motor such that the motor angle has become a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range; and a range determination unit configured to determine an actual range as an actual shift range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal, wherein the range determination unit is further configured to:
determine the actual range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal during switching of the shift range; and
determine the actual range based on the output shaft signal after the switching of the shift range is completed. 2. The shift range control device according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft signal includes a first signal value indicating a first range and a second signal value indicating a second value, wherein a region in which the first signal value is output is within a region to be determined as the first range, wherein a region in which the second value is output is greater than a region to be determined as the second range, and wherein, during the switching of the shift range, the range determination unit is configured to:
execute determination as the first range based on the output shaft signal; and
execute determination as the second range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal. 3. The shift range control device according to claim 2,
wherein the output shaft rotates integrally with a rotation member having four valleys with which an engaging member is engaged in accordance with each range of a parking range, a reverse range, a neutral range, and a drive range, wherein the first range includes the parking range and the neutral range, and wherein the second range includes the reverse range and the drive range. 4. A shift range control device for controlling a shift range switching system switching a shift range of a vehicle among a plurality of shift ranges by controlling drive of a motor, the shift range control device comprising:
a microcomputer configured to:
acquire a motor rotation angle signal and calculate a motor angle output from a motor rotation angle sensor, the motor rotation angle sensor detecting a rotational position of the motor;
acquire an output shaft signal output from an output shaft sensor, the output shaft signal having a value changing stepwise in accordance with a rotational position of an output shaft to which rotation of the motor is transmitted, the output shaft sensor detecting the rotational position of the output shaft;
control the drive of the motor such that the motor angle has become a target motor angle value corresponding to a target shift range among the shift ranges;
determine an actual range as an actual shift range among the shift ranges;
determine the actual range among the shift ranges based on at least the output shaft signal during switching of the shift range; and
determine the actual range among the shift ranges based on the output shaft signal after the switching of the shift range is completed. 5. The shift range control device according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft signal includes a first signal value indicating a first range and a second signal value indicating a second value, wherein a region in which the first signal value is output is within a region to be determined as the first range, wherein a region in which the second value is output is greater than a region to be determined as the second range, and wherein, during the switching of the shift range, the microcomputer is further configured to:
execute determination as the first range based on the output shaft signal; and
execute determination as the second range based on the output shaft signal and the motor rotation angle signal. | 2,800 |
341,288 | 16,801,625 | 2,844 | A sintered magnet body (RaT1 bMcBd) coated with a powder mixture of an intermetallic compound (R1 iM1 j, R1 xT2 yM1 z, R1 iM1 jHk), alloy (M1 dM2 e) or metal (M1) powder and a rare earth (R2) oxide is diffusion treated. The R2 oxide is partially reduced during the diffusion treatment, so a significant amount of R2 can be introduced near interfaces of primary phase grains within the magnet through the passages in the form of grain boundaries. The coercive force is increased while minimizing a decline of remanence. | 1. A method for preparing a rare earth permanent magnet, comprising the steps of:
disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “2c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an alloy powder having the composition R1 iM1 jHk wherein R1 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, H is hydrogen, “i,” “j” and “k” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 15<j≤99, 0<k≤(i×2.5), the balance of i, and i+j+k=100, containing at least 70% by volume of an intermetallic compound phase, and having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, for causing the elements R1, R2, and M1 in the powder mixture to diffuse to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treating step includes heat treatment at a temperature from 200° C. to (Ts−10)° C. for 1 minute to 30 hours wherein Ts represents the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the disposing step includes dispersing the powder mixture in an organic solvent or water, immersing the sintered magnet body in the resulting slurry, taking up the sintered magnet body, and drying for thereby covering the surface of the sintered magnet body with the powder mixture. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sintered magnet body has a shape including a minimum portion with a dimension equal to or less than 20 mm. 5. A rare earth permanent magnet, which is prepared by disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an alloy powder having the composition R1 iM1 jHk wherein R1 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, H is hydrogen, “i,” “j” and “k” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 15<j≤99, 0<k≤(i×2.5), the balance of i, and i+j+k=100, containing at least 70% by volume of an intermetallic compound phase, and having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, wherein
the elements R1, R2 and M1 in the powder mixture are diffused to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains so that the coercive force of the rare earth permanent magnet is increased over the original sintered magnet body. | A sintered magnet body (RaT1 bMcBd) coated with a powder mixture of an intermetallic compound (R1 iM1 j, R1 xT2 yM1 z, R1 iM1 jHk), alloy (M1 dM2 e) or metal (M1) powder and a rare earth (R2) oxide is diffusion treated. The R2 oxide is partially reduced during the diffusion treatment, so a significant amount of R2 can be introduced near interfaces of primary phase grains within the magnet through the passages in the form of grain boundaries. The coercive force is increased while minimizing a decline of remanence.1. A method for preparing a rare earth permanent magnet, comprising the steps of:
disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “2c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an alloy powder having the composition R1 iM1 jHk wherein R1 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, H is hydrogen, “i,” “j” and “k” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 15<j≤99, 0<k≤(i×2.5), the balance of i, and i+j+k=100, containing at least 70% by volume of an intermetallic compound phase, and having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, for causing the elements R1, R2, and M1 in the powder mixture to diffuse to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the heat treating step includes heat treatment at a temperature from 200° C. to (Ts−10)° C. for 1 minute to 30 hours wherein Ts represents the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the disposing step includes dispersing the powder mixture in an organic solvent or water, immersing the sintered magnet body in the resulting slurry, taking up the sintered magnet body, and drying for thereby covering the surface of the sintered magnet body with the powder mixture. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sintered magnet body has a shape including a minimum portion with a dimension equal to or less than 20 mm. 5. A rare earth permanent magnet, which is prepared by disposing a powder mixture on a surface of a sintered magnet body having the composition RaT1 bMcBd wherein R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, T1 is one or both of Fe and Co, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, B is boron, “a,” “b,” “c” and “d” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 12≤a≤20, 0≤c≤10, 4.0≤d≤7.0, the balance of b, and a+b+c+d=100, the powder mixture comprising an alloy powder having the composition R1 iM1 jHk wherein R1 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, C, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, and Bi, H is hydrogen, “i,” “j” and “k” indicative of atomic percent are in the range: 15<j≤99, 0<k≤(i×2.5), the balance of i, and i+j+k=100, containing at least 70% by volume of an intermetallic compound phase, and having an average particle size of up to 500 μm, and at least 10% by weight of an R2 oxide wherein R2 is at least one element selected from rare earth elements inclusive of Y and Sc, having an average particle size of up to 100 μm, and heat treating the sintered magnet body having the powder mixture disposed on its surface at a temperature lower than or equal to the sintering temperature of the sintered magnet body in vacuum or in an inert gas, wherein
the elements R1, R2 and M1 in the powder mixture are diffused to grain boundaries in the interior of the sintered magnet body and/or near grain boundaries within the sintered magnet body primary phase grains so that the coercive force of the rare earth permanent magnet is increased over the original sintered magnet body. | 2,800 |
341,289 | 16,801,572 | 2,844 | A mounting device (1) for receiving at least one preparation vessel (2) for food with a heating device having at least one receiving portion (4) for the preparation vessel (2) and at least three contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e) for at least partially receiving corresponding contact pins (6 a, 6 b , 6 c) on the preparation vessel (2). A mounting device (1) for receiving at least one preparation vessel (2) for food with a heating device, in which the user safety is improved, is realized in that at least one first of the contact sockets (5 c) including at least one signaling means (8), that the signaling means (8) generates at least one insertion signal when one of the contact pins (6 b) is inserted at least partially into the first contact socket (5 c), that when the insertion signal is present, at least one other of the contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 d, 5 e) can be supplied with a working voltage, and that without the insertion signal being present, none of the contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e) can be supplied with a working voltage. | 1. A mounting device for receiving a preparation vessel for food with a heating device, comprising at least one receiving portion for the preparation vessel and at least three contact sockets for at least partially receiving corresponding contact pins on the preparation vessel, at least a first of the contact sockets comprises a signaling means for generating at least one insertion signal when one of the contact pins is inserted at least partially into the first contact socket, that when the insertion signal is present, at least one other of the contact sockets are supplied with the working voltage, and that without the insertion signal being present, none of the contact sockets can be supplied with a working voltage. 2. The mounting device according to claim 1 wherein, at least two of the contact sockets respectively comprise the signaling means, that the signaling means generates the insertion signal when each one of the contact pins is simultaneously inserted at least partially into each of the two contact sockets. 3. The mounting device according to claim 1 further comprising, at least one of the contact sockets is electrically connected to a ground contact. 4. The mounting device according to claims 1 further comprising, the insertion signal is generated for a predetermined depth of penetration of at least one of the contact pins into at least one of the contact sockets at a depth of penetration of between 10% and 75% of a total depth of a contact socket. 5. The mounting device according to claim 1 wherein, the signaling means comprises at least one electrical switching element. 6. The mounting device according to claims 1 wherein, the signaling means comprises an actuating element movably retained in at least one of the contact sockets, and that the insertion signal can be generated at least indirectly by the actuating element. 7. The mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, the actuating element is formed at least in part of a non-conducting material. 8. The mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, the actuating element is guided in a switch housing, and that the switch housing is float mounted, and the switch housing is formed of at least two parts. 9. A mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, a resetting means for acting on the actuating element. 10. The mounting device according to claim 8 further comprising, the switch housing and a contact retainer containing the contact sockets are aligned with the actuating element with respect to each other. 11. The mounting device according to claims 1 further comprising, at least five of the contact sockets are provided, a first of the contact sockets is connected to a ground contact, a second of the contact sockets and a third of the contact sockets serve for connecting the heating device and a fourth of the contact sockets and a fifth of the contact sockets serve for connecting NC-signals. 12. A kitchen appliance having the mounting device in accordance with claim 1 further comprising, at least one power supply and at least one motor for driving a rotating tool in the preparation vessel. 13. A mounting station having the mounting device in accordance with claim 1 further comprising, a heating device. 14. A mounting station according to claim wherein, the mounting device further comprises, at least one mechanical interface for driving a rotating tool in the preparation vessel. 15. A mounting device according to claim 5 further comprising, the electrical switching element in the form of a microswitch or a magnet switch. 16. A mounting device according to claim 9 further comprising, the resetting means constantly exerts a force on the actuating element in the direction of a starting position, the resetting means comprises at least one of a spring or a magnet. | A mounting device (1) for receiving at least one preparation vessel (2) for food with a heating device having at least one receiving portion (4) for the preparation vessel (2) and at least three contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e) for at least partially receiving corresponding contact pins (6 a, 6 b , 6 c) on the preparation vessel (2). A mounting device (1) for receiving at least one preparation vessel (2) for food with a heating device, in which the user safety is improved, is realized in that at least one first of the contact sockets (5 c) including at least one signaling means (8), that the signaling means (8) generates at least one insertion signal when one of the contact pins (6 b) is inserted at least partially into the first contact socket (5 c), that when the insertion signal is present, at least one other of the contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 d, 5 e) can be supplied with a working voltage, and that without the insertion signal being present, none of the contact sockets (5 a, 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e) can be supplied with a working voltage.1. A mounting device for receiving a preparation vessel for food with a heating device, comprising at least one receiving portion for the preparation vessel and at least three contact sockets for at least partially receiving corresponding contact pins on the preparation vessel, at least a first of the contact sockets comprises a signaling means for generating at least one insertion signal when one of the contact pins is inserted at least partially into the first contact socket, that when the insertion signal is present, at least one other of the contact sockets are supplied with the working voltage, and that without the insertion signal being present, none of the contact sockets can be supplied with a working voltage. 2. The mounting device according to claim 1 wherein, at least two of the contact sockets respectively comprise the signaling means, that the signaling means generates the insertion signal when each one of the contact pins is simultaneously inserted at least partially into each of the two contact sockets. 3. The mounting device according to claim 1 further comprising, at least one of the contact sockets is electrically connected to a ground contact. 4. The mounting device according to claims 1 further comprising, the insertion signal is generated for a predetermined depth of penetration of at least one of the contact pins into at least one of the contact sockets at a depth of penetration of between 10% and 75% of a total depth of a contact socket. 5. The mounting device according to claim 1 wherein, the signaling means comprises at least one electrical switching element. 6. The mounting device according to claims 1 wherein, the signaling means comprises an actuating element movably retained in at least one of the contact sockets, and that the insertion signal can be generated at least indirectly by the actuating element. 7. The mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, the actuating element is formed at least in part of a non-conducting material. 8. The mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, the actuating element is guided in a switch housing, and that the switch housing is float mounted, and the switch housing is formed of at least two parts. 9. A mounting device according to claim 6 further comprising, a resetting means for acting on the actuating element. 10. The mounting device according to claim 8 further comprising, the switch housing and a contact retainer containing the contact sockets are aligned with the actuating element with respect to each other. 11. The mounting device according to claims 1 further comprising, at least five of the contact sockets are provided, a first of the contact sockets is connected to a ground contact, a second of the contact sockets and a third of the contact sockets serve for connecting the heating device and a fourth of the contact sockets and a fifth of the contact sockets serve for connecting NC-signals. 12. A kitchen appliance having the mounting device in accordance with claim 1 further comprising, at least one power supply and at least one motor for driving a rotating tool in the preparation vessel. 13. A mounting station having the mounting device in accordance with claim 1 further comprising, a heating device. 14. A mounting station according to claim wherein, the mounting device further comprises, at least one mechanical interface for driving a rotating tool in the preparation vessel. 15. A mounting device according to claim 5 further comprising, the electrical switching element in the form of a microswitch or a magnet switch. 16. A mounting device according to claim 9 further comprising, the resetting means constantly exerts a force on the actuating element in the direction of a starting position, the resetting means comprises at least one of a spring or a magnet. | 2,800 |
341,290 | 16,801,616 | 2,844 | A target shooting system for multiple players with automatically appearing LED lights for shooting the target. A target frame comprises a target stand, a target base and a target impact plate. The target system further includes a plurality of target screens dynamically assigned with a unique color/pattern to the LED light. The target system is a combination of hardware and software. The hardware is a microprocessor with a set of LED lights and at least one sensor. The software application is configured for controlling the target, that indicates an LED status light for shooters and to send reaction time data to the communication device when the target is hit. The elapsed time data transmitted to the communication device that is being configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data between the computer and the microprocessor and the software application stores the reaction time data. | 1. A target system comprising:
a. At least one target, each target comprising:
i. a target frame;
ii. a target stand;
iii. a target base; and
iv. a target impact plate;
b. a target electronics package for each target, each electronics package comprising:
i. a power supply;
ii. a sensor operatively connected to the target impact plate;
iii. a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) lights operatively connected to the target frame;
iv. a microprocessor operatively connected to the plurality of LED lights for the target frame;
v. a communication device operatively connected to the microprocessor;
c. a computer including a software application, the software application comprising a plurality of scenes; d. the software application being configured to run an algorithm for each scene; e. the communication device being configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data between the computer and the microprocessor; f. wherein a user selects a scene in the software application, the software application runs an algorithm and generates instruction data, and the computer wirelessly transmits the instruction data to the communication device; g. wherein the communication device receives the instruction data and transmits the instruction data to the microprocessor; h. wherein the microprocessor turns on at least one LED light; i. wherein the user actuates the target impact plate in response to the LED light being turned on; j. wherein the sensor transmits a signal from the target impact plate to the microprocessor; k. wherein the microprocessor receives the signal, generates reaction time data from the signal, and transmits the reaction time data to the communication device; l. wherein the communication device receives the reaction time data from the microprocessor and wirelessly transmits the reaction time data to the computer; m. wherein the microprocessor turns the at least one LED light off. n. wherein the computer wirelessly receives the reaction time data from the communication device and transmits the reaction time data to the software application; and o. wherein the software application stores the reaction time data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the software application calculates a set of user analytics based on the reaction time data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor is a piezoelectric sensor. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is a Bluetooth device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system has multiple targets, each target is dynamically assigned a unique color or pattern for the LED lights, enabling the target system to have multiple users. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes further comprise programmed intelligence and randomness for activating and deactivating the plurality of LED lights. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system is a firearm target system. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system is one of the following: an archery system, an Airsoft system, a Nerf system, a baseball system, or a football system. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the scenes includes an old western theme. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the scenes include a zombie attack theme. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer and the software application are coupled to a remote server, the remote server is configured to provide online access to the reaction time data. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of LED lights are configured to represent a predetermined target status value. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the target status value is selected from the group consisting of the number of hits necessary to extinguish the target, a countdown timer, a point value of the target. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a cloud-based data storage system configured to send and retrieve the data from to the computer. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a website coupled to the cloud-based data storage system, wherein the website is configured to display the data. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the system is configured to allow a user to upload the data, and wherein the website is configured to allow the user to compare results and compete with at least one other user. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a mobile application coupled to the cloud-based server wherein the mobile application is configured to access the data and to select the scene. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the cloud server is configured to select the scene. | A target shooting system for multiple players with automatically appearing LED lights for shooting the target. A target frame comprises a target stand, a target base and a target impact plate. The target system further includes a plurality of target screens dynamically assigned with a unique color/pattern to the LED light. The target system is a combination of hardware and software. The hardware is a microprocessor with a set of LED lights and at least one sensor. The software application is configured for controlling the target, that indicates an LED status light for shooters and to send reaction time data to the communication device when the target is hit. The elapsed time data transmitted to the communication device that is being configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data between the computer and the microprocessor and the software application stores the reaction time data.1. A target system comprising:
a. At least one target, each target comprising:
i. a target frame;
ii. a target stand;
iii. a target base; and
iv. a target impact plate;
b. a target electronics package for each target, each electronics package comprising:
i. a power supply;
ii. a sensor operatively connected to the target impact plate;
iii. a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) lights operatively connected to the target frame;
iv. a microprocessor operatively connected to the plurality of LED lights for the target frame;
v. a communication device operatively connected to the microprocessor;
c. a computer including a software application, the software application comprising a plurality of scenes; d. the software application being configured to run an algorithm for each scene; e. the communication device being configured to wirelessly transmit and receive data between the computer and the microprocessor; f. wherein a user selects a scene in the software application, the software application runs an algorithm and generates instruction data, and the computer wirelessly transmits the instruction data to the communication device; g. wherein the communication device receives the instruction data and transmits the instruction data to the microprocessor; h. wherein the microprocessor turns on at least one LED light; i. wherein the user actuates the target impact plate in response to the LED light being turned on; j. wherein the sensor transmits a signal from the target impact plate to the microprocessor; k. wherein the microprocessor receives the signal, generates reaction time data from the signal, and transmits the reaction time data to the communication device; l. wherein the communication device receives the reaction time data from the microprocessor and wirelessly transmits the reaction time data to the computer; m. wherein the microprocessor turns the at least one LED light off. n. wherein the computer wirelessly receives the reaction time data from the communication device and transmits the reaction time data to the software application; and o. wherein the software application stores the reaction time data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the software application calculates a set of user analytics based on the reaction time data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor is a piezoelectric sensor. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication device is a Bluetooth device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system has multiple targets, each target is dynamically assigned a unique color or pattern for the LED lights, enabling the target system to have multiple users. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of scenes further comprise programmed intelligence and randomness for activating and deactivating the plurality of LED lights. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system is a firearm target system. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the target system is one of the following: an archery system, an Airsoft system, a Nerf system, a baseball system, or a football system. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the scenes includes an old western theme. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the scenes include a zombie attack theme. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer and the software application are coupled to a remote server, the remote server is configured to provide online access to the reaction time data. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of LED lights are configured to represent a predetermined target status value. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the target status value is selected from the group consisting of the number of hits necessary to extinguish the target, a countdown timer, a point value of the target. 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a cloud-based data storage system configured to send and retrieve the data from to the computer. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising a website coupled to the cloud-based data storage system, wherein the website is configured to display the data. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the system is configured to allow a user to upload the data, and wherein the website is configured to allow the user to compare results and compete with at least one other user. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a mobile application coupled to the cloud-based server wherein the mobile application is configured to access the data and to select the scene. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the cloud server is configured to select the scene. | 2,800 |
341,291 | 16,801,623 | 2,844 | An electric drive axle including an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device at least partially disposed within a differential case. The gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential. | 1. A system, comprising:
an electric drive axle comprising an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, wherein the first planetary gear system is configured to produce a reduction in a gear ratio between the electric motor and the secondary planetary gear system. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second planetary gear system is configured to produce a reduction in a gear ratio between the first planetary gear system and the differential. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein a pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within an annular hub and the pinion sleeve. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein a protuberance extends radially inward from the annular hub. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the piston is configured to move in a first axial direction away from the pinion sleeve during disengagement of the disconnect device via force from a biasing member. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the biasing member is a spring or a passage configured to receive a hydraulic fluid. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the hydraulic fluid is directed from a motor cooling fluid circuit. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the piston is configured to move in a second axial direction, opposite the first axial direction, toward the pinion sleeve during engagement of the disconnect device in an absence of the force from the biasing member. 10. An electric drive axle, comprising:
an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, and wherein the disconnect device is disposed within an annular hub and a pinion sleeve. 11. The electric drive axle of claim 10, wherein the pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within the annular hub and the pinion sleeve. 12. The electric drive axle of claim 11, wherein the piston member comprises a tab or a spline extending radially outward therefrom, and wherein the tab or the spline cooperates with a protuberance arranged on an inner peripheral surface of the annular hub to militate against a rotational movement of the piston member relative to the case. 13. The electric drive axle of claim 11, wherein the piston member comprises a plurality of protuberances that are configured to engage with a plurality of protuberances of extending axially outward from an outboard surface of the pinion sleeve in a meshed manner when the disconnect device is in an engaged position. 14. The electric drive axle of claim 13, wherein the plurality of protuberances of the piston member are spaced apart from the plurality of protuberances of the pinion sleeve when the disconnect device is disengaged. 15. The electric drive axle of claim 14, wherein a vehicle is not driven by the electric drive axle when the disconnect device is disengaged, and wherein the vehicle is driven by the electric drive axle when the disconnect device is engaged. 16. A hybrid vehicle, comprising:
an electric drive axle comprising an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, and wherein the disconnect device is disposed within an annular hub and a pinion sleeve, wherein the pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within the annular hub and the pinion sleeve, the piston member configured to move to a first position or a second position in response to a force a fluid in a chamber. 17. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein the first position is a disengaged position and wherein the second position is an engaged position, and wherein the piston member is moved to the first position in response to the fluid being absent from the chamber. 18. The hybrid vehicle of claim 17, wherein the piston member is moved to the second position in response to fluid flowing to the chamber. 19. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein a spacer is arranged axially adjacent the piston member within the annular hub, and wherein the space functions as an abutment for a biasing member disposed between the piston member and the pinion sleeve, and wherein the biasing member provides a force against the piston toward the first position, and wherein the force of the fluid is greater than the force of the biasing member. 20. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein the fluid is one or more of a cooling fluid from the electric motor, a lubricating fluid from a gearbox of the electric drive axles, and a hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic manifold. | An electric drive axle including an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device at least partially disposed within a differential case. The gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential.1. A system, comprising:
an electric drive axle comprising an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, wherein the first planetary gear system is configured to produce a reduction in a gear ratio between the electric motor and the secondary planetary gear system. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second planetary gear system is configured to produce a reduction in a gear ratio between the first planetary gear system and the differential. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein a pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within an annular hub and the pinion sleeve. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein a protuberance extends radially inward from the annular hub. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the piston is configured to move in a first axial direction away from the pinion sleeve during disengagement of the disconnect device via force from a biasing member. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the biasing member is a spring or a passage configured to receive a hydraulic fluid. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the hydraulic fluid is directed from a motor cooling fluid circuit. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the piston is configured to move in a second axial direction, opposite the first axial direction, toward the pinion sleeve during engagement of the disconnect device in an absence of the force from the biasing member. 10. An electric drive axle, comprising:
an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, and wherein the disconnect device is disposed within an annular hub and a pinion sleeve. 11. The electric drive axle of claim 10, wherein the pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within the annular hub and the pinion sleeve. 12. The electric drive axle of claim 11, wherein the piston member comprises a tab or a spline extending radially outward therefrom, and wherein the tab or the spline cooperates with a protuberance arranged on an inner peripheral surface of the annular hub to militate against a rotational movement of the piston member relative to the case. 13. The electric drive axle of claim 11, wherein the piston member comprises a plurality of protuberances that are configured to engage with a plurality of protuberances of extending axially outward from an outboard surface of the pinion sleeve in a meshed manner when the disconnect device is in an engaged position. 14. The electric drive axle of claim 13, wherein the plurality of protuberances of the piston member are spaced apart from the plurality of protuberances of the pinion sleeve when the disconnect device is disengaged. 15. The electric drive axle of claim 14, wherein a vehicle is not driven by the electric drive axle when the disconnect device is disengaged, and wherein the vehicle is driven by the electric drive axle when the disconnect device is engaged. 16. A hybrid vehicle, comprising:
an electric drive axle comprising an electric motor, a gear arrangement, a differential, and a disconnect device, wherein the gear arrangement is configured to produce a certain gear ratio between the electric motor and the differential, wherein the gear arrangement comprises a first planetary gear system and a second planetary gear system, and wherein the disconnect device is disposed within an annular hub and a pinion sleeve, wherein the pinion sleeve pilots within an interior of a case of the differential, wherein the disconnect device comprises a piston member concentrically arranged within the annular hub and the pinion sleeve, the piston member configured to move to a first position or a second position in response to a force a fluid in a chamber. 17. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein the first position is a disengaged position and wherein the second position is an engaged position, and wherein the piston member is moved to the first position in response to the fluid being absent from the chamber. 18. The hybrid vehicle of claim 17, wherein the piston member is moved to the second position in response to fluid flowing to the chamber. 19. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein a spacer is arranged axially adjacent the piston member within the annular hub, and wherein the space functions as an abutment for a biasing member disposed between the piston member and the pinion sleeve, and wherein the biasing member provides a force against the piston toward the first position, and wherein the force of the fluid is greater than the force of the biasing member. 20. The hybrid vehicle of claim 16, wherein the fluid is one or more of a cooling fluid from the electric motor, a lubricating fluid from a gearbox of the electric drive axles, and a hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic manifold. | 2,800 |
341,292 | 16,801,620 | 3,652 | A boat centering assembly includes a plate that is mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer and a nut that is bonded to the plate. A bolt is extendable through the plate and threadably engages the nut. The bolt is rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer. A panel is coupled to the bolt having the panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer. A block is removably attached to the panel and the block abuts the boat when the bolt is threaded through the nut. A cushioning material is wrappable around the block to contact the boat. The cushioning material is comprised of an abrasion resistant material to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with the block. | 1. A boat centering assembly being configured to center a boat on a boat trailer, said assembly comprising:
a plate being mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer; a nut being bonded to said plate; a bolt being extendable through said plate and threadably engaging said nut, said bolt being rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer; a panel being coupled to said bolt having said panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer; a block being removably attached to said panel wherein said block is configured to abut the boat when said bolt is threaded through said nut; and a cushioning material being wrappable around said block wherein said cushioning material is configured to contact the boat, said cushioning material being comprised of an abrasion resistant material wherein said cushioning material is configured to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with said block. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said plate has a front surface, a rear surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a top side and a bottom side, said plate being elongated between said top side and said bottom side, said front surface abutting a boat facing surface of the respective vertical member, said plate having a bolt hole extending through said front surface and said rear surface, said bolt hole being positioned closer to said bottom side than said top side. 3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said nut is positioned on said rear surface of said plate, said nut being aligned with said bolt hole. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said bolt has a first end, a second end and an outer surface extending therebetween, said outer surface being threaded, said outer surface threadably engaging said nut having said second end being directed toward the boat, said first end being spaced from said front surface of said plate. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said first end has a head thereon, said head abutting said front surface of said plate when said bolt is fully threaded through said nut to inhibit said bolt from passing fully through said plate, said bolt being extended through said bolt hole in said plate. 6. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said panel has a primary surface and a secondary surface, said primary surface being bonded to said second end of said bolt. 7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said block has a forward surface and a rearward surface, said rearward surface having a well extending toward said forward surface, said block having a pair of fastener apertures each extending through said forward surface and said rearward surface. 8. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of said fastener apertures has a first portion and a second portion, said first portion extending from said forward surface toward said rearward surface, said second portion extending from said first portion to said rearward surface, said first portion having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said second portion. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, further comprising a pair of fasteners, each of said fasteners extending through said block and engaging said panel for retaining said block on said panel, each of said fasteners being extendable through a respective one of said fastener apertures in said block such that said first portion of each of said fastener apertures receives a head of the fastener for recessing the head with respect to said forward surface of said block. 10. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein said cushioning material is wrapped around said forward surface of said block having said cushioning material being tucked into said well thereby facilitating said cushioning material to be compressed between said rearward surface of said block and said secondary surface of said panel. 11. A boat centering assembly being configured to center a boat on a boat trailer, said assembly comprising:
a plate being mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer, said plate having a front surface, a rear surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a top side and a bottom side, said plate being elongated between said top side and said bottom side, said front surface abutting a boat facing surface of the respective vertical member, said plate having a bolt hole extending through said front surface and said rear surface, said bolt hole being positioned closer to said bottom side than said top side; a nut being bonded to said plate, said nut being positioned on said rear surface of said plate, said nut being aligned with said bolt hole; a bolt being extendable through said plate and threadably engaging said nut, said bolt being rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer, said bolt having a first end, a second end and an outer surface extending therebetween, said outer surface being threaded, said outer surface threadably engaging said nut having said second end being directed toward the boat, said first end being spaced from said front surface of said plate, said first end having a head thereon, said head abutting said front surface of said plate when said bolt is fully threaded through said nut to inhibit said bolt from passing fully through said plate, said bolt being extended through said bolt hole in said plate; a panel being coupled to said bolt having said panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer, said panel having a primary surface and a secondary surface, said primary surface being bonded to said second end of said bolt; a block being removably attached to said panel wherein said block is configured to abut the boat when said bolt is threaded through said nut, said block having a forward surface and a rearward surface, said rearward surface having a well extending toward said forward surface, said block having a pair of fastener apertures each extending through said forward surface and said rearward surface, each of said fastener apertures having a first portion and a second portion, said first portion extending from said forward surface toward said rearward surface, said second portion extending from said first portion to said rearward surface, said first portion having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said second portion, said rearward surface abutting said secondary surface of said panel; a pair of fasteners, each of said fasteners extending through said block and engaging said panel for retaining said block on said panel, each of said fasteners being extendable through a respective one of said fastener apertures in said block such that said first portion of each of said fastener apertures receives a head of the fastener for recessing the head with respect to said forward surface of said block; and a cushioning material being wrappable around said block wherein said cushioning material is configured to contact the boat, said cushioning material being comprised of an abrasion resistant material wherein said cushioning material is configured to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with said block, said cushioning material being wrapped around said forward surface of said block having said cushioning material being tucked into said well thereby facilitating said cushioning material to be compressed between said rearward surface of said block and said secondary surface of said panel. | A boat centering assembly includes a plate that is mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer and a nut that is bonded to the plate. A bolt is extendable through the plate and threadably engages the nut. The bolt is rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer. A panel is coupled to the bolt having the panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer. A block is removably attached to the panel and the block abuts the boat when the bolt is threaded through the nut. A cushioning material is wrappable around the block to contact the boat. The cushioning material is comprised of an abrasion resistant material to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with the block.1. A boat centering assembly being configured to center a boat on a boat trailer, said assembly comprising:
a plate being mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer; a nut being bonded to said plate; a bolt being extendable through said plate and threadably engaging said nut, said bolt being rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer; a panel being coupled to said bolt having said panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer; a block being removably attached to said panel wherein said block is configured to abut the boat when said bolt is threaded through said nut; and a cushioning material being wrappable around said block wherein said cushioning material is configured to contact the boat, said cushioning material being comprised of an abrasion resistant material wherein said cushioning material is configured to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with said block. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said plate has a front surface, a rear surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a top side and a bottom side, said plate being elongated between said top side and said bottom side, said front surface abutting a boat facing surface of the respective vertical member, said plate having a bolt hole extending through said front surface and said rear surface, said bolt hole being positioned closer to said bottom side than said top side. 3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said nut is positioned on said rear surface of said plate, said nut being aligned with said bolt hole. 4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein said bolt has a first end, a second end and an outer surface extending therebetween, said outer surface being threaded, said outer surface threadably engaging said nut having said second end being directed toward the boat, said first end being spaced from said front surface of said plate. 5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said first end has a head thereon, said head abutting said front surface of said plate when said bolt is fully threaded through said nut to inhibit said bolt from passing fully through said plate, said bolt being extended through said bolt hole in said plate. 6. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein said panel has a primary surface and a secondary surface, said primary surface being bonded to said second end of said bolt. 7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein said block has a forward surface and a rearward surface, said rearward surface having a well extending toward said forward surface, said block having a pair of fastener apertures each extending through said forward surface and said rearward surface. 8. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of said fastener apertures has a first portion and a second portion, said first portion extending from said forward surface toward said rearward surface, said second portion extending from said first portion to said rearward surface, said first portion having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said second portion. 9. The assembly according to claim 8, further comprising a pair of fasteners, each of said fasteners extending through said block and engaging said panel for retaining said block on said panel, each of said fasteners being extendable through a respective one of said fastener apertures in said block such that said first portion of each of said fastener apertures receives a head of the fastener for recessing the head with respect to said forward surface of said block. 10. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein said cushioning material is wrapped around said forward surface of said block having said cushioning material being tucked into said well thereby facilitating said cushioning material to be compressed between said rearward surface of said block and said secondary surface of said panel. 11. A boat centering assembly being configured to center a boat on a boat trailer, said assembly comprising:
a plate being mountable to a respective vertical member of a side rail on a boat trailer, said plate having a front surface, a rear surface and a perimeter edge extending therebetween, said perimeter edge having a top side and a bottom side, said plate being elongated between said top side and said bottom side, said front surface abutting a boat facing surface of the respective vertical member, said plate having a bolt hole extending through said front surface and said rear surface, said bolt hole being positioned closer to said bottom side than said top side; a nut being bonded to said plate, said nut being positioned on said rear surface of said plate, said nut being aligned with said bolt hole; a bolt being extendable through said plate and threadably engaging said nut, said bolt being rotatable to extend a preferred distance toward a boat that is positioned on the boat trailer, said bolt having a first end, a second end and an outer surface extending therebetween, said outer surface being threaded, said outer surface threadably engaging said nut having said second end being directed toward the boat, said first end being spaced from said front surface of said plate, said first end having a head thereon, said head abutting said front surface of said plate when said bolt is fully threaded through said nut to inhibit said bolt from passing fully through said plate, said bolt being extended through said bolt hole in said plate; a panel being coupled to said bolt having said panel being positioned between the respective vertical member of the side rail and the boat on the boat trailer, said panel having a primary surface and a secondary surface, said primary surface being bonded to said second end of said bolt; a block being removably attached to said panel wherein said block is configured to abut the boat when said bolt is threaded through said nut, said block having a forward surface and a rearward surface, said rearward surface having a well extending toward said forward surface, said block having a pair of fastener apertures each extending through said forward surface and said rearward surface, each of said fastener apertures having a first portion and a second portion, said first portion extending from said forward surface toward said rearward surface, said second portion extending from said first portion to said rearward surface, said first portion having a diameter being greater than the diameter of said second portion, said rearward surface abutting said secondary surface of said panel; a pair of fasteners, each of said fasteners extending through said block and engaging said panel for retaining said block on said panel, each of said fasteners being extendable through a respective one of said fastener apertures in said block such that said first portion of each of said fastener apertures receives a head of the fastener for recessing the head with respect to said forward surface of said block; and a cushioning material being wrappable around said block wherein said cushioning material is configured to contact the boat, said cushioning material being comprised of an abrasion resistant material wherein said cushioning material is configured to inhibit paint on the boat from being damaged by friction with said block, said cushioning material being wrapped around said forward surface of said block having said cushioning material being tucked into said well thereby facilitating said cushioning material to be compressed between said rearward surface of said block and said secondary surface of said panel. | 3,600 |
341,293 | 16,801,597 | 3,652 | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a wireless communication circuit that supports a Bluetooth network, at least one processor operatively connected to the wireless communication circuit, and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor. The memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network, generate a second link with a second external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network, transmit information to the second external electronic device through the second link, wherein the information is used by the second external electronic device to monitor the first link, negotiate timing for transmitting a response message with the second external electronic device, receive a data packet from the first external electronic device, and transmit a response message to the first external electronic device in response to the data packet based on the negotiated timing. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a wireless communication circuit configured to support a Bluetooth network; at least one processor operatively connected to the wireless communication circuit; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
generate a second link with a second external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
transmit information to the second external electronic device through the second link, the information being used by the second external electronic device to monitor the first link,
negotiate a timing for transmitting a response message with the second external electronic device,
receive a data packet from the first external electronic device, and
transmit the response message to the first external electronic device in response to the data packet based on the negotiated timing. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the response message to the first external electronic device at a second timing among a first timing and the second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time, based on the negotiated timing. 3. The electronic device of claim 2,
wherein the first timing corresponds to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard, and wherein the second timing corresponds to at least a part of a time section after the reception cycle. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the first timing and the second timing correspond to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard. 5. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a device for performing a function of a master device for the second link among the electronic device and the second external electronic device while establishing the second link, and determine that the electronic device transmits the response message at the second timing based on determining that the electronic device performs the function of the master device. 6. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine that the electronic device transmits the response message at the second timing based on the transmitting of the information used to monitor the first link by the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the response message indicating a negative acknowledgment (NACK) at a first timing, or transmit the response message indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) at a second timing to the first external electronic device, among the first timing and the second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time based on the negotiated timing. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the information used to monitor the first link to the second external electronic device through an external server. 9. A system comprising:
a first electronic device including a first wireless communication circuit, wherein the first wireless communication circuit is configured to:
establish a wireless communication link with a source device,
receive at least one packet data unit (PDU) from the source device, and
transmit a first acknowledgement (ACK) signal including a channel access code to the source device after receiving the at least one PDU; and
a second electronic device including a second wireless communication circuit, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is configured to:
receive the at least one PDU from the source device while the first wireless communication circuit receives the at least one PDU in a state that the wireless communication link with the source device is not established, and
start to transmit a first negative ACK (NACK) signal including the channel access code before the first wireless communication circuit starts to transmit the first ACK signal when the first wireless communication circuit fails to receive the at least one PDU from the source device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is configured to:
start to transmit the first NACK signal such that a part of the first ACK signal overlaps the first NACK signal. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the part of the first ACK signal comprise the channel access code. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is further configured to start to transmit the first NACK signal after the transmission of the at least one PDU from the source device is terminated. 13. The system of claim 9,
wherein the first electronic device comprises a first audio circuit, and wherein the second electronic device comprises a second audio circuit. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one PDU includes audio data. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the first wireless communication circuit and second wireless communication circuit are configured to support a Bluetooth protocol. 16. An electronic device comprising:
a wireless communication circuit configured to support a Bluetooth network; at least one processor; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
receive information related to a second link generated between the first external electronic device and a second external electronic device from the first external electronic device,
negotiate timing for transmitting a response message with the first external electronic device,
attempt to receive a data packet transmitted from the second external electronic device by monitoring the second link based on at least a piece of the information related to the second link,
refrain from transmitting the response message when the data packet is normally received, and
transmit the response message indicating a negative acknowledgement (NACK) to the second external electronic device at a first timing among the first timing and a second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time based on the negotiated timing when the data packet is not normally received. 17. The electronic device of claim 16,
wherein the information related to the second link comprises at least one of address information, clock information or key information related to the second link, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a hopping channel of the second link based on the address information and the clock information,
attempt to receive the data packet by monitoring the determined hopping channel through the wireless communication circuit,
generate an access code corresponding to the second link based on the address information, and
transmit the response message indicating the NACK including the access code to the second external electronic device. 18. The electronic device of claim 16,
wherein the first timing is included in at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard, and wherein the second timing is included in a time section after the reception cycle. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first timing and the second timing correspond to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a device for performing a function of a slave device for the first link among the electronic device and the first external electronic device while establishing the first link, and determine that the electronic device transmits the response message indicating the NACK at the first timing based on determining that the electronic device performs the function of the slave device. | An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a wireless communication circuit that supports a Bluetooth network, at least one processor operatively connected to the wireless communication circuit, and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor. The memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network, generate a second link with a second external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network, transmit information to the second external electronic device through the second link, wherein the information is used by the second external electronic device to monitor the first link, negotiate timing for transmitting a response message with the second external electronic device, receive a data packet from the first external electronic device, and transmit a response message to the first external electronic device in response to the data packet based on the negotiated timing.1. An electronic device comprising:
a wireless communication circuit configured to support a Bluetooth network; at least one processor operatively connected to the wireless communication circuit; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
generate a second link with a second external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
transmit information to the second external electronic device through the second link, the information being used by the second external electronic device to monitor the first link,
negotiate a timing for transmitting a response message with the second external electronic device,
receive a data packet from the first external electronic device, and
transmit the response message to the first external electronic device in response to the data packet based on the negotiated timing. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the response message to the first external electronic device at a second timing among a first timing and the second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time, based on the negotiated timing. 3. The electronic device of claim 2,
wherein the first timing corresponds to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard, and wherein the second timing corresponds to at least a part of a time section after the reception cycle. 4. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the first timing and the second timing correspond to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard. 5. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a device for performing a function of a master device for the second link among the electronic device and the second external electronic device while establishing the second link, and determine that the electronic device transmits the response message at the second timing based on determining that the electronic device performs the function of the master device. 6. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine that the electronic device transmits the response message at the second timing based on the transmitting of the information used to monitor the first link by the electronic device. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the response message indicating a negative acknowledgment (NACK) at a first timing, or transmit the response message indicating an acknowledgment (ACK) at a second timing to the first external electronic device, among the first timing and the second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time based on the negotiated timing. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
transmit the information used to monitor the first link to the second external electronic device through an external server. 9. A system comprising:
a first electronic device including a first wireless communication circuit, wherein the first wireless communication circuit is configured to:
establish a wireless communication link with a source device,
receive at least one packet data unit (PDU) from the source device, and
transmit a first acknowledgement (ACK) signal including a channel access code to the source device after receiving the at least one PDU; and
a second electronic device including a second wireless communication circuit, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is configured to:
receive the at least one PDU from the source device while the first wireless communication circuit receives the at least one PDU in a state that the wireless communication link with the source device is not established, and
start to transmit a first negative ACK (NACK) signal including the channel access code before the first wireless communication circuit starts to transmit the first ACK signal when the first wireless communication circuit fails to receive the at least one PDU from the source device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is configured to:
start to transmit the first NACK signal such that a part of the first ACK signal overlaps the first NACK signal. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the part of the first ACK signal comprise the channel access code. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the second wireless communication circuit is further configured to start to transmit the first NACK signal after the transmission of the at least one PDU from the source device is terminated. 13. The system of claim 9,
wherein the first electronic device comprises a first audio circuit, and wherein the second electronic device comprises a second audio circuit. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one PDU includes audio data. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the first wireless communication circuit and second wireless communication circuit are configured to support a Bluetooth protocol. 16. An electronic device comprising:
a wireless communication circuit configured to support a Bluetooth network; at least one processor; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor, through the wireless communication circuit, to:
generate a first link with a first external electronic device based on the Bluetooth network,
receive information related to a second link generated between the first external electronic device and a second external electronic device from the first external electronic device,
negotiate timing for transmitting a response message with the first external electronic device,
attempt to receive a data packet transmitted from the second external electronic device by monitoring the second link based on at least a piece of the information related to the second link,
refrain from transmitting the response message when the data packet is normally received, and
transmit the response message indicating a negative acknowledgement (NACK) to the second external electronic device at a first timing among the first timing and a second timing corresponding to a timing later than the first timing by a specified time based on the negotiated timing when the data packet is not normally received. 17. The electronic device of claim 16,
wherein the information related to the second link comprises at least one of address information, clock information or key information related to the second link, and wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a hopping channel of the second link based on the address information and the clock information,
attempt to receive the data packet by monitoring the determined hopping channel through the wireless communication circuit,
generate an access code corresponding to the second link based on the address information, and
transmit the response message indicating the NACK including the access code to the second external electronic device. 18. The electronic device of claim 16,
wherein the first timing is included in at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard, and wherein the second timing is included in a time section after the reception cycle. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first timing and the second timing correspond to at least a part of a reception cycle defined by a Bluetooth standard. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a device for performing a function of a slave device for the first link among the electronic device and the first external electronic device while establishing the first link, and determine that the electronic device transmits the response message indicating the NACK at the first timing based on determining that the electronic device performs the function of the slave device. | 3,600 |
341,294 | 16,801,573 | 3,652 | Provided is a computer-implemented method for providing real-time offers based on geolocation and merchant category. Transaction data for transaction from a plurality of merchants is received. A subset of merchants is determined based on the physical location of the merchants and the merchant category of the merchants. Real-time market activity data is determined for each of the merchants in the subset of merchants. A real-time offer is initiated based on comparing the market activity data of at least one merchant compared to the market activity data of a first merchant. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing offers based on real-time data, comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determining, with at least one processor, a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determining, with at least one processor, real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determining, with at least one processor, to initiate at least one offer based on comparing the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiating the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating, with at least one processor, a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating, with at least one processor, a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating, with at least one processor, a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating, with at least one processor, a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing, with at least one processor, the second sum by the total sum. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the subset of merchants comprises:
generating, with at least one processor, geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generating, with at least one processor, a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identifying, with at least one processor, geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determining, with at least one processor, at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the method further comprising terminating the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining to initiate at least one offer further comprises determining that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising determining the threshold amount based on historical transaction data and at least one machine learning algorithm. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising determining the threshold amount based on a time or date. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein initiating the at least one offer comprises communicating an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. 9. A system for providing offers based on real-time data, the system comprising at least one server computer including at least one processor, the at least one server computer programed and/or configured to:
receive transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determine a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determine real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determine whether to initiate at least one offer based on comparing the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiate the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing the second sum by the total sum. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when determining the subset of merchants:
generate geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generate a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identify geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determine at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 11. (canceled) 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the server computer is further programed and/or configured to terminate the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when determining to initiate at least one offer, determine that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when initiating the at least one offer, communicate an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. 15. A computer program product for providing offers based on real-time data, comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
receive transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determine a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determine real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determine to initiate at least one offer based on comparing market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiate the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing the second sum by the total sum. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when determining the subset of merchants:
generate geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generate a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identify geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determine at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 17. (canceled) 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to terminate the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when determining to initiate the at least one offer, determine that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when initiating the at least one offer, communicate an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. | Provided is a computer-implemented method for providing real-time offers based on geolocation and merchant category. Transaction data for transaction from a plurality of merchants is received. A subset of merchants is determined based on the physical location of the merchants and the merchant category of the merchants. Real-time market activity data is determined for each of the merchants in the subset of merchants. A real-time offer is initiated based on comparing the market activity data of at least one merchant compared to the market activity data of a first merchant.1. A computer-implemented method for providing offers based on real-time data, comprising:
receiving, with at least one processor, transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determining, with at least one processor, a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determining, with at least one processor, real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determining, with at least one processor, to initiate at least one offer based on comparing the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiating the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating, with at least one processor, a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating, with at least one processor, a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating, with at least one processor, a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating, with at least one processor, a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing, with at least one processor, the second sum by the total sum. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the subset of merchants comprises:
generating, with at least one processor, geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generating, with at least one processor, a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identifying, with at least one processor, geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determining, with at least one processor, at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 3. (canceled) 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the method further comprising terminating the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining to initiate at least one offer further comprises determining that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising determining the threshold amount based on historical transaction data and at least one machine learning algorithm. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising determining the threshold amount based on a time or date. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein initiating the at least one offer comprises communicating an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. 9. A system for providing offers based on real-time data, the system comprising at least one server computer including at least one processor, the at least one server computer programed and/or configured to:
receive transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determine a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determine real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determine whether to initiate at least one offer based on comparing the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiate the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing the second sum by the total sum. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when determining the subset of merchants:
generate geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generate a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identify geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determine at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 11. (canceled) 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the server computer is further programed and/or configured to terminate the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when determining to initiate at least one offer, determine that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one server computer is programed and/or configured to, when initiating the at least one offer, communicate an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. 15. A computer program product for providing offers based on real-time data, comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
receive transaction data associated with a plurality of transactions conducted by a plurality of merchants, each merchant of the plurality of merchants associated with a physical location and at least one merchant category, the plurality of merchants comprising a first merchant associated with at least one first merchant category; determine a subset of merchants of the plurality of merchants that are: (i) associated with physical locations within a threshold distance of a physical location associated with the first merchant and (ii) associated with the at least one first merchant category; determine real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant and each merchant of the subset of merchants; determine to initiate at least one offer based on comparing market activity data associated with the first merchant with the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant; and initiate the at least one offer in response to determining to initiate the at least one offer, wherein comparing the real-time market activity data comprises:
generating a merchant-transaction index comprising at least one data structure comprising at least one transaction associated with a merchant identifier, a time stamp, and a transaction amount;
calculating a first sum of all transactions within a threshold time period for each merchant of the plurality of merchants that matches the merchant category and is within the threshold distance;
calculating a second sum of all transactions for the first merchant within the threshold time period;
calculating a total sum by adding the first sum to the second sum; and
dividing the second sum by the total sum. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when determining the subset of merchants:
generate geographical coordinates for each merchant of the plurality of merchants based on a geohash algorithm; generate a merchant index comprising the geographical coordinates for each merchant; identify geographical coordinates for the first merchant; and determine at least one related merchant of the merchant index based on the geographical coordinates for the first merchant, the geographical coordinates of the at least one related merchant, and the threshold distance. 17. (canceled) 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one offer is continuously or continually ongoing, the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to terminate the at least one offer in response to comparing real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant with real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when determining to initiate the at least one offer, determine that a ratio of the real-time market activity data associated with the first merchant to the real-time market activity data associated with at least one other merchant satisfies a threshold amount. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the program instructions further cause the at least one processor to, when initiating the at least one offer, communicate an advertisement to at least one computing device within a predetermined distance from the first merchant. | 3,600 |
341,295 | 16,801,638 | 3,652 | Systems, methods, and associated components for robotic manipulation of physical objects. The physical objects include three-dimensional gripping features configured to be detected by an optics system and gripped by an end-effector of a robotic arm with sufficient gripping force to move the physical objects against the force of gravity. Sets of the physical objects can have different sizes and shapes and, in some examples, include identically constructed three-dimensional gripping features. | 1. A robotic manipulation system, comprising:
a robotic arm, the robotic arm including:
an end effector configured to selectively grip a three-dimensional gripping feature of a physical object positioned in a three-dimensional reference space; and
a plurality of actuators configured to cause the end effector to translate and rotate within the three-dimensional reference space;
an optics system configured to locate the three-dimensional gripping feature relative to the three-dimensional reference space and provide position output of the three-dimensional gripping feature; and a controller configured to, based on the position output, control the actuators to:
i) move the end effector such that the end effector is aligned with the three-dimensional gripping feature; and
iii) grip the three-dimensional gripping feature with the end effector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the robotic arm is configured such that the end effector grips the three-dimensional gripping feature with sufficient gripping force to move the physical object with the end effector. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the robotic arm includes a gripping actuator configured to cause the end effector to grip the three-dimensional gripping feature. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the end effector includes a plurality of fingers, and wherein the gripping actuator is configured to move the plurality of fingers relative to each other within the at least one cavity. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the end effector is configured to grip the three-dimensional gripping feature at least by being partially inserted in at least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature, wherein the controller is further configured to insert at least a portion of the end effector in the at least one cavity. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one cavity is one of a blind cavity and a through-cavity. 7. (canceled) 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least three cavities. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein each of the at least one cavity is defined by a tubular shaped, conically shaped, or frusto-conically shaped side wall. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the end effector comprises one or more male members that are sized and shaped complementarily to the at least one cavity. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the physical object includes one or more orientation indicia, and wherein the optics system is configured to detect the one or more orientation indicia and, based on a location and/or orientation of the one or more orientation indicia relative to the three-dimensional gripping feature, determine a rotational orientation of the three-dimensional gripping feature relative to three-dimensional reference space. 12-16. (canceled) 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the end effector comprises a suction member, and wherein the system includes a vacuum generator configured to generate a suction force at the suction member. 18. A robotic manipulation system comprising:
a plurality of physical objects, each of the physical objects including a three-dimensional gripping feature defining at least one cavity, the three-dimensional gripping features of the all of the plurality of physical objects being structurally identical; a robotic arm, the robotic arm including:
an end effector configured to selectively grip the three-dimensional gripping feature of any of the physical objects positioned in a three-dimensional reference space at least by inserting the end effector in the least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature of the corresponding object; and
a plurality of actuators configured to cause the end effector to translate and rotate within the three-dimensional reference space;
an optics system configured to locate the three-dimensional gripping feature of any of the plurality of physical objects relative to the three-dimensional reference space and provide position output of the three-dimensional gripping feature of a selected one of the physical objects; and a controller configured to, based on the position output, control the actuators to:
i) move the end effector such that the end effector is aligned with the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object;
ii) insert at least a portion of the end effector in the at least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object, and
iii) grip the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object with the end effector. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different structural configurations. 20. The system of any claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different sizes. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different weights. 22. (canceled) 23. A physical object configured to be robotically manipulated, comprising a three-dimensional gripping feature, the three-dimensional gripping feature being configured to be located by an optics system and further adapted to be gripped by an end effector of a robotic arm. 24. The physical object of claim 23, wherein the three-dimensional gripping feature is configured such that the end effector can grip the three-dimensional gripping feature with sufficient force to lift the physical object against a force of gravity. 25. The physical object of claim 23, wherein the three-dimensional gripping feature includes at least one cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the end effector. 26. The physical object of claim 25, wherein the at least one cavity is a through-cavity. 27. The physical object of claim 25, wherein the at least one cavity is a blind cavity. 28. The physical object of claim 27, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least two cavities. 29. The physical object of claim 27, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least three cavities. 30. The physical object of any of claim 29, wherein each of the at least one cavity is defined by a tubular shaped, conically shaped, or frusto-conically shaped side wall. 31-57. (canceled) | Systems, methods, and associated components for robotic manipulation of physical objects. The physical objects include three-dimensional gripping features configured to be detected by an optics system and gripped by an end-effector of a robotic arm with sufficient gripping force to move the physical objects against the force of gravity. Sets of the physical objects can have different sizes and shapes and, in some examples, include identically constructed three-dimensional gripping features.1. A robotic manipulation system, comprising:
a robotic arm, the robotic arm including:
an end effector configured to selectively grip a three-dimensional gripping feature of a physical object positioned in a three-dimensional reference space; and
a plurality of actuators configured to cause the end effector to translate and rotate within the three-dimensional reference space;
an optics system configured to locate the three-dimensional gripping feature relative to the three-dimensional reference space and provide position output of the three-dimensional gripping feature; and a controller configured to, based on the position output, control the actuators to:
i) move the end effector such that the end effector is aligned with the three-dimensional gripping feature; and
iii) grip the three-dimensional gripping feature with the end effector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the robotic arm is configured such that the end effector grips the three-dimensional gripping feature with sufficient gripping force to move the physical object with the end effector. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the robotic arm includes a gripping actuator configured to cause the end effector to grip the three-dimensional gripping feature. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the end effector includes a plurality of fingers, and wherein the gripping actuator is configured to move the plurality of fingers relative to each other within the at least one cavity. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the end effector is configured to grip the three-dimensional gripping feature at least by being partially inserted in at least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature, wherein the controller is further configured to insert at least a portion of the end effector in the at least one cavity. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one cavity is one of a blind cavity and a through-cavity. 7. (canceled) 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least three cavities. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein each of the at least one cavity is defined by a tubular shaped, conically shaped, or frusto-conically shaped side wall. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the end effector comprises one or more male members that are sized and shaped complementarily to the at least one cavity. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the physical object includes one or more orientation indicia, and wherein the optics system is configured to detect the one or more orientation indicia and, based on a location and/or orientation of the one or more orientation indicia relative to the three-dimensional gripping feature, determine a rotational orientation of the three-dimensional gripping feature relative to three-dimensional reference space. 12-16. (canceled) 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the end effector comprises a suction member, and wherein the system includes a vacuum generator configured to generate a suction force at the suction member. 18. A robotic manipulation system comprising:
a plurality of physical objects, each of the physical objects including a three-dimensional gripping feature defining at least one cavity, the three-dimensional gripping features of the all of the plurality of physical objects being structurally identical; a robotic arm, the robotic arm including:
an end effector configured to selectively grip the three-dimensional gripping feature of any of the physical objects positioned in a three-dimensional reference space at least by inserting the end effector in the least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature of the corresponding object; and
a plurality of actuators configured to cause the end effector to translate and rotate within the three-dimensional reference space;
an optics system configured to locate the three-dimensional gripping feature of any of the plurality of physical objects relative to the three-dimensional reference space and provide position output of the three-dimensional gripping feature of a selected one of the physical objects; and a controller configured to, based on the position output, control the actuators to:
i) move the end effector such that the end effector is aligned with the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object;
ii) insert at least a portion of the end effector in the at least one cavity of the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object, and
iii) grip the three-dimensional gripping feature of the selected physical object with the end effector. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different structural configurations. 20. The system of any claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different sizes. 21. The system of claim 18, wherein at least two of the physical objects have different weights. 22. (canceled) 23. A physical object configured to be robotically manipulated, comprising a three-dimensional gripping feature, the three-dimensional gripping feature being configured to be located by an optics system and further adapted to be gripped by an end effector of a robotic arm. 24. The physical object of claim 23, wherein the three-dimensional gripping feature is configured such that the end effector can grip the three-dimensional gripping feature with sufficient force to lift the physical object against a force of gravity. 25. The physical object of claim 23, wherein the three-dimensional gripping feature includes at least one cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the end effector. 26. The physical object of claim 25, wherein the at least one cavity is a through-cavity. 27. The physical object of claim 25, wherein the at least one cavity is a blind cavity. 28. The physical object of claim 27, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least two cavities. 29. The physical object of claim 27, wherein the at least one cavity includes at least three cavities. 30. The physical object of any of claim 29, wherein each of the at least one cavity is defined by a tubular shaped, conically shaped, or frusto-conically shaped side wall. 31-57. (canceled) | 3,600 |
341,296 | 16,801,627 | 3,652 | A head unit includes piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles, a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements, a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements, a heat sink, and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. | 1. A head unit comprising:
piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles; a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements; a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements; a heat sink; and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. 2. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a circuit board, wherein when viewed from a direction the nozzles discharge the liquid, the head chip is disposed between the circuit board and the heat sink. 3. The head unit according to claim 2, wherein the circuit board has a drive-signal generation circuit configured to generate the drive signal. 4. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of the head chips including a first head chip and a second head chip, wherein the first head chip and the second head chip have a wiring member configured to supply the drive signal to the selection circuit, the first head chip and the second head chip are arranged in an intersecting direction intersecting the direction toward which the nozzles discharge the liquid, and the wiring member disposed on the first head chip and the wiring member disposed on the second head chip are arranged along the intersecting direction. 5. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cover accommodating a part or all of the head chips and a part or all of the heat sink; and a fan configured to move air between the cover and the head chips and the heat sink. 6. The head unit according to claim 1, wherein the head chip has 1000 or more nozzles, and
the 1000 or more nozzles are arranged with a pitch of 500 dpi or more. 7. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
the head unit according to claim 1; and a control unit configured to control the head unit. | A head unit includes piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles, a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements, a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements, a heat sink, and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink.1. A head unit comprising:
piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles; a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements; a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements; a heat sink; and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. 2. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a circuit board, wherein when viewed from a direction the nozzles discharge the liquid, the head chip is disposed between the circuit board and the heat sink. 3. The head unit according to claim 2, wherein the circuit board has a drive-signal generation circuit configured to generate the drive signal. 4. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of the head chips including a first head chip and a second head chip, wherein the first head chip and the second head chip have a wiring member configured to supply the drive signal to the selection circuit, the first head chip and the second head chip are arranged in an intersecting direction intersecting the direction toward which the nozzles discharge the liquid, and the wiring member disposed on the first head chip and the wiring member disposed on the second head chip are arranged along the intersecting direction. 5. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cover accommodating a part or all of the head chips and a part or all of the heat sink; and a fan configured to move air between the cover and the head chips and the heat sink. 6. The head unit according to claim 1, wherein the head chip has 1000 or more nozzles, and
the 1000 or more nozzles are arranged with a pitch of 500 dpi or more. 7. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
the head unit according to claim 1; and a control unit configured to control the head unit. | 3,600 |
341,297 | 16,801,639 | 3,652 | A head unit includes piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles, a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements, a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements, a heat sink, and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. | 1. A head unit comprising:
piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles; a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements; a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements; a heat sink; and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. 2. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a circuit board, wherein when viewed from a direction the nozzles discharge the liquid, the head chip is disposed between the circuit board and the heat sink. 3. The head unit according to claim 2, wherein the circuit board has a drive-signal generation circuit configured to generate the drive signal. 4. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of the head chips including a first head chip and a second head chip, wherein the first head chip and the second head chip have a wiring member configured to supply the drive signal to the selection circuit, the first head chip and the second head chip are arranged in an intersecting direction intersecting the direction toward which the nozzles discharge the liquid, and the wiring member disposed on the first head chip and the wiring member disposed on the second head chip are arranged along the intersecting direction. 5. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cover accommodating a part or all of the head chips and a part or all of the heat sink; and a fan configured to move air between the cover and the head chips and the heat sink. 6. The head unit according to claim 1, wherein the head chip has 1000 or more nozzles, and
the 1000 or more nozzles are arranged with a pitch of 500 dpi or more. 7. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
the head unit according to claim 1; and a control unit configured to control the head unit. | A head unit includes piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles, a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements, a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements, a heat sink, and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink.1. A head unit comprising:
piezoelectric elements configured to be driven in accordance with a drive signal to discharge liquid from nozzles; a protection plate protecting the piezoelectric elements; a head chip including a selection circuit disposed on the protection plate, the selection circuit being configured to select to supply or not to supply the drive signal to the piezoelectric elements; a heat sink; and a thermal conductor coupling the head chip and the heat sink. 2. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a circuit board, wherein when viewed from a direction the nozzles discharge the liquid, the head chip is disposed between the circuit board and the heat sink. 3. The head unit according to claim 2, wherein the circuit board has a drive-signal generation circuit configured to generate the drive signal. 4. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of the head chips including a first head chip and a second head chip, wherein the first head chip and the second head chip have a wiring member configured to supply the drive signal to the selection circuit, the first head chip and the second head chip are arranged in an intersecting direction intersecting the direction toward which the nozzles discharge the liquid, and the wiring member disposed on the first head chip and the wiring member disposed on the second head chip are arranged along the intersecting direction. 5. The head unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cover accommodating a part or all of the head chips and a part or all of the heat sink; and a fan configured to move air between the cover and the head chips and the heat sink. 6. The head unit according to claim 1, wherein the head chip has 1000 or more nozzles, and
the 1000 or more nozzles are arranged with a pitch of 500 dpi or more. 7. A liquid discharging apparatus comprising:
the head unit according to claim 1; and a control unit configured to control the head unit. | 3,600 |
341,298 | 16,801,626 | 3,652 | Provided is a method for producing a nitride fluorescent material including: preparing a raw material mixture including a hydride containing at least one first alkaline earth metal element, at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from an amide compound and an imide compound, a compound containing europium, a compound containing aluminum, and a compound containing silicon, wherein at least one of the compound containing europium, the compound containing aluminum, and the compound containing silicon is a nitride; and subjecting the raw material mixture to a heat treatment to obtain the nitride fluorescent material. | 1. A method for producing a nitride fluorescent material, comprising:
preparing a raw material mixture comprising a hydride containing at least one first alkaline earth metal element, at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound, a compound containing europium, a compound containing aluminum, and a compound containing silicon, wherein at least one of the compound containing europium, the compound containing aluminum, and the compound containing silicon is a nitride; and subjecting the raw material mixture to a heat treatment to obtain the nitride fluorescent material. 2. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material mixture comprises a nitride containing europium, a nitride containing aluminum, a nitride containing silicon, and optionally a nitride containing at least one alkaline earth metal element. 3. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of europium in the raw material mixture is in a range of more than 0 and 0.04 or less, a total molar ratio of the at least one first alkaline earth metal element, the at least one second alkaline earth metal element, and europium in the raw material mixture is in a range of 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, and a molar ratio of silicon in the raw material mixture is in a range of 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, when a molar ratio of aluminum in the raw material mixture is defined as 1. 4. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the hydride comprises at least one of Sr and Ca, and the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound comprises at least one of Sr and Ca. 5. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 4, wherein the hydride is at least one selected from the group consisting of SrH2, CaH2, (Sr,Ca)H2, and (Sr,Ca,Eu)H2. 6. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 4, wherein the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr(NH2)2, Ca(NH2)2, (Sr,Ca)(NH2)2, (Sr,Ca,Eu)(NH2)2, SrNH, CaNH, (Sr,Ca)NH, and (Sr,Ca,Eu)NH. 7. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a blending ratio of the hydride relative to a total, which is 100% by mass, of the hydride and the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound is in a range of 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. 8. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the nitride fluorescent material has a composition represented by the following formula (I);
Ma sSrtEuuSivAlNxOy (I)
wherein Ma represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Ba, and Mg; and s, t, u, v, x, and y each satisfy 0.10≤s≤0.30, 0.70≤t≤0.85, 0.005≤u≤0.040, 0.85≤s+t+u≤1.10, 0.90≤v≤1.10, 2.5≤x≤3.2, 0≤y≤0.065, and 2.6≤x+y≤3.2. 9. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a temperature of the heat treatment is in a range of 1,200° C. or more and 2,200° C. or less. 10. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is carried out in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen gas, and wherein a pressure of the atmosphere is in a range of 0.1 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less. | Provided is a method for producing a nitride fluorescent material including: preparing a raw material mixture including a hydride containing at least one first alkaline earth metal element, at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from an amide compound and an imide compound, a compound containing europium, a compound containing aluminum, and a compound containing silicon, wherein at least one of the compound containing europium, the compound containing aluminum, and the compound containing silicon is a nitride; and subjecting the raw material mixture to a heat treatment to obtain the nitride fluorescent material.1. A method for producing a nitride fluorescent material, comprising:
preparing a raw material mixture comprising a hydride containing at least one first alkaline earth metal element, at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound, a compound containing europium, a compound containing aluminum, and a compound containing silicon, wherein at least one of the compound containing europium, the compound containing aluminum, and the compound containing silicon is a nitride; and subjecting the raw material mixture to a heat treatment to obtain the nitride fluorescent material. 2. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the raw material mixture comprises a nitride containing europium, a nitride containing aluminum, a nitride containing silicon, and optionally a nitride containing at least one alkaline earth metal element. 3. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of europium in the raw material mixture is in a range of more than 0 and 0.04 or less, a total molar ratio of the at least one first alkaline earth metal element, the at least one second alkaline earth metal element, and europium in the raw material mixture is in a range of 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, and a molar ratio of silicon in the raw material mixture is in a range of 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less, when a molar ratio of aluminum in the raw material mixture is defined as 1. 4. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the hydride comprises at least one of Sr and Ca, and the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound comprises at least one of Sr and Ca. 5. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 4, wherein the hydride is at least one selected from the group consisting of SrH2, CaH2, (Sr,Ca)H2, and (Sr,Ca,Eu)H2. 6. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 4, wherein the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr(NH2)2, Ca(NH2)2, (Sr,Ca)(NH2)2, (Sr,Ca,Eu)(NH2)2, SrNH, CaNH, (Sr,Ca)NH, and (Sr,Ca,Eu)NH. 7. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a blending ratio of the hydride relative to a total, which is 100% by mass, of the hydride and the at least one compound containing at least one second alkaline earth metal element and selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and an imide compound is in a range of 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less. 8. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the nitride fluorescent material has a composition represented by the following formula (I);
Ma sSrtEuuSivAlNxOy (I)
wherein Ma represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Ba, and Mg; and s, t, u, v, x, and y each satisfy 0.10≤s≤0.30, 0.70≤t≤0.85, 0.005≤u≤0.040, 0.85≤s+t+u≤1.10, 0.90≤v≤1.10, 2.5≤x≤3.2, 0≤y≤0.065, and 2.6≤x+y≤3.2. 9. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein a temperature of the heat treatment is in a range of 1,200° C. or more and 2,200° C. or less. 10. The method for producing a nitride fluorescent material according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is carried out in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen gas, and wherein a pressure of the atmosphere is in a range of 0.1 MPa or more and 200 MPa or less. | 3,600 |
341,299 | 16,801,619 | 3,652 | A method of teaching a surgical procedure includes transmitting a first video, from a first location to a second location remote from the first location, of a surgeon in an operating room performing the surgical procedure on a patient with at least one surgical instrument. The method also includes transmitting a second video, from the first location to the second location, of the surgical instrument during the surgical procedure, annotating the second video with at least one annotation, and transmitting, from the first location to the second location, the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video. | 1. A method of teaching a surgical procedure, the method comprising:
transmitting a first video, from a first location to a second location remote from the first location, of a surgeon in an operating room performing the surgical procedure on a patient with at least one surgical instrument; transmitting a second video, from the first location to the second location, of the surgical instrument during the surgical procedure; annotating the second video with at least one annotation; and transmitting, from the first location to the second location, the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video is an extracorporeal video of the surgeon and at least a portion of the patient, and wherein the second video is an intracorporeal video of the surgical instrument inside the patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the first video, the transmitting the second video, and the transmitting the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video are performed by transmitting a single video stream comprising the first video, the second video, and the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the second video on a display in the operating room. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying on the display in the operating room at least one annotation transmitted from the second location. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the annotating the second video is performed with an input device connected to the display, the input device being selected from the group of devices consisting of a mouse, a stylus, a keyboard, a touch screen, and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one annotation is selected from the group of annotations consisting of a shape, a symbol, a graphic, text, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, from the first location to the second location, audio captured by a microphone in the operating room. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating audio, from a speaker in the operating room, captured by a microphone at the second location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the first video is performed synchronously with the transmitting the second video. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the transmitting the first video and the transmitting the second video are performed in real-time. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the annotating the second video is performed by an individual other than the surgeon. 13. A method of teaching a surgical procedure, the method comprising:
transmitting a first video stream, captured by a first video camera in an operating room, of a surgeon performing the surgical procedure with a least one surgical instrument; and transmitting a second video stream, captured by a second video camera in the operating room, of the at least one surgical instrument during the surgical procedure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting the first video stream and the transmitting the second video stream are performed in real-time. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying, on a display in the operating room, the second video stream; annotating, with an input device connected to the display, the second video stream with at least one annotation; and transmitting the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video stream. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the operating room and the remote device are located in the same country or different countries. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first video stream comprises an extracorporeal view of the surgeon and at least a portion of the patient, and wherein the second video stream comprises an intracorporeal view of the surgical instrument inside the patient. 18. A system for teaching a surgical procedure, the system comprising:
a first video camera in operating room configured to capture extracorporeal video of a surgeon performing the surgical procedure with at least one surgical instrument in the operating room; a second video camera in the operating room configured to capture intracorporeal video of the at least one surgical instrument inside the patient during the surgical procedure; a display in the operating room configured to display at least the intracorporeal video; an input device connected to the display, the input device configured to generate annotations overlaid on the intracorporeal video; and a network adapter configured to transmit the extracorporeal video of the surgeon, the intracorporeal video of the at least one surgical instrument, and the annotations overlaid on the intracorporeal video to a site remote from the operating room. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
a speaker connected to the network adapter in the operating room, the speaker configured to generate audio in the operating room captured from the site remote; and a microphone connected to the network adapter in the operating room, wherein the network adapter is configured to transmit audio captured by the microphone to the remote site. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the input device is selected from the group of devices consisting of a mouse, a stylus, a keyboard, a touch screen, and combinations thereof. | A method of teaching a surgical procedure includes transmitting a first video, from a first location to a second location remote from the first location, of a surgeon in an operating room performing the surgical procedure on a patient with at least one surgical instrument. The method also includes transmitting a second video, from the first location to the second location, of the surgical instrument during the surgical procedure, annotating the second video with at least one annotation, and transmitting, from the first location to the second location, the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video.1. A method of teaching a surgical procedure, the method comprising:
transmitting a first video, from a first location to a second location remote from the first location, of a surgeon in an operating room performing the surgical procedure on a patient with at least one surgical instrument; transmitting a second video, from the first location to the second location, of the surgical instrument during the surgical procedure; annotating the second video with at least one annotation; and transmitting, from the first location to the second location, the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first video is an extracorporeal video of the surgeon and at least a portion of the patient, and wherein the second video is an intracorporeal video of the surgical instrument inside the patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the first video, the transmitting the second video, and the transmitting the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video are performed by transmitting a single video stream comprising the first video, the second video, and the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the second video on a display in the operating room. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying on the display in the operating room at least one annotation transmitted from the second location. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the annotating the second video is performed with an input device connected to the display, the input device being selected from the group of devices consisting of a mouse, a stylus, a keyboard, a touch screen, and combinations thereof. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one annotation is selected from the group of annotations consisting of a shape, a symbol, a graphic, text, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting, from the first location to the second location, audio captured by a microphone in the operating room. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating audio, from a speaker in the operating room, captured by a microphone at the second location. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting the first video is performed synchronously with the transmitting the second video. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the transmitting the first video and the transmitting the second video are performed in real-time. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the annotating the second video is performed by an individual other than the surgeon. 13. A method of teaching a surgical procedure, the method comprising:
transmitting a first video stream, captured by a first video camera in an operating room, of a surgeon performing the surgical procedure with a least one surgical instrument; and transmitting a second video stream, captured by a second video camera in the operating room, of the at least one surgical instrument during the surgical procedure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting the first video stream and the transmitting the second video stream are performed in real-time. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying, on a display in the operating room, the second video stream; annotating, with an input device connected to the display, the second video stream with at least one annotation; and transmitting the at least one annotation overlaid on the second video stream. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the operating room and the remote device are located in the same country or different countries. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first video stream comprises an extracorporeal view of the surgeon and at least a portion of the patient, and wherein the second video stream comprises an intracorporeal view of the surgical instrument inside the patient. 18. A system for teaching a surgical procedure, the system comprising:
a first video camera in operating room configured to capture extracorporeal video of a surgeon performing the surgical procedure with at least one surgical instrument in the operating room; a second video camera in the operating room configured to capture intracorporeal video of the at least one surgical instrument inside the patient during the surgical procedure; a display in the operating room configured to display at least the intracorporeal video; an input device connected to the display, the input device configured to generate annotations overlaid on the intracorporeal video; and a network adapter configured to transmit the extracorporeal video of the surgeon, the intracorporeal video of the at least one surgical instrument, and the annotations overlaid on the intracorporeal video to a site remote from the operating room. 19. The system of claim 18, further comprising:
a speaker connected to the network adapter in the operating room, the speaker configured to generate audio in the operating room captured from the site remote; and a microphone connected to the network adapter in the operating room, wherein the network adapter is configured to transmit audio captured by the microphone to the remote site. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the input device is selected from the group of devices consisting of a mouse, a stylus, a keyboard, a touch screen, and combinations thereof. | 3,600 |
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